Chuukyuu-wo-manabou---bessacu

2. ~tf.?J? r ~"Z" L- J:

?J

O)

~!

~;m1*

L-:f- O) ~

,;t~

"s~"??t.:\"\

Plain form of "c-

L-

J:

?"

-c

~ ~ MB Bil

(:

;tA..~J::<

tJ'Afl>

1~ ~ ~ .

ft ~

9t.\~)J::?

?t.:

Conveys the speaker's idea in a circumlocutory manner.

Speculation

~fi~%offl~~.~*~e2~.m~~~m~~

r-c-L-J:?J L- J:?J

r-"Z"

3.

~f/)

tf.?J

r ~ o) "Z"

'§tN::: N~2./

2./ ~~};il.

~2{~

?::;.

B-~N){I ~~c~.

? tJ\

? tJ, J

J:

L-

~;m1*

O)

.

z:

'1= ~ v'

.;, 'J?t""

t

(;I:'"Z"

1~ tJ

n ~o

'JV'

~.u",9(: ff 'bA-

J~'

ti'b

? z: t

~T ~ (: r",9 t

l, \ tJ,

,"10"

(t~ Plain form of

"(f)"Z" L- J:

? tJ, ."

Used in written language. A polite way of presenting

one's question r -

(f) c-

~~i~ r-

L- J:

?

t.J'

J

~

fi ~ %

o

ffl ~ .:j:rmr:>c]\[.

(f)

c- L- J:

? tJ, J

2./ ~ ~};il . ft':~};il 011 Ai

.AA'2J

(ttJtf.!: (,\

~ (j: ~ ~

G nf.!: l, \0

~

(j:

v'A-v'

Se inconceivable/should

X"IH~ ~!!.1t-

5.

~5rJl!!J(t e

q.

2./ft':A

2 ~

íIJ1Hk

rOJ ~

~>~ 1m

rOJ

c~. 4. ~f)

iHL

o

rf) (ttJ~·f.!:(,\J

l'

fJ~' f.I: l, \

not be the case

l' ~ -

t

ff) (t -r ,;tf.!:

(,\J

f/)!tJ.I -!tI,. \

~)

Review of ";tJ (1 tJ~'tJ'\, \" and ";tJ Wc' (j: tJ' r;tJ (1 tJ~'lJ:\, \ J ;fo r;tJ (1 c- (j: lJ: r;tJ (1 tJ~'tJ'l, \ J

Qj-

\, \ J

r;tJ (1 c- (j: tJ' l, \ J

\, \"

áf,Jf(ffl1! 2./

~

2..1

c1g

::;.:! ~

~3

o~Jil i§:::

7. rV}v;::t/NJ;::-f ~$

9"

~oo ~ ~

'i!.-r{'\?N !'!.1*1Jtl· AE~~ ~ 9" /N1 ?

M'-C

-c

qE.~'d!q.

LH.g~

r~

J

f

J

r

--

.:151.\

in conversation:

"

When both the speaker and Iistener know the subject

---+

"d.>"

When only the speaker or Iistener knows the subject

---+

"-t"

*,~i.'&~~ r-t·d.>J ~m&~~Á~~~Á~~W~~~:$~M--rd.>J --r-tJ

~m&~~-~~~~~:$~M *:2:j2j-

gQj r-t.d.>J

~o~:::NEJ5:

~ g 0-1

t

Iv \

-3

"~t \,\? r ,.......,'-~ t, \

.:.

V}~

t'=J

* Z; '5

f.I:

t t.:lv"

r V '>t z..7:JJ r V '>(1'tJ\f) J r V '>t t.: Iv J rV,>tz..7:JJ

~m ~%'=;&"".Q 7J>Ii.JJ~\'

~:;'!

rV,>tt.:lvJ

rV,>(;f'tJ\f)J

ffH~JI 2.j

-2:j2.1

I],

~

t}~:HfA.

(J)

Stating one's strength of emotion at the beginning of a sentence

5t * ~

~'t~ 81*!.m

1. Vn"?"?~.Q ~ ~ z. tJ>

(=t':A.t':A.~1"(,\.Q)

t 'tC'1~tJ

n.Q

o

iMi='\'!'íi=ffl tJ~'

d.>

C'? '"

-otJ>

'" J:?

Used in written language.

.Q:/JrPJt= ~1t L, 1" \,\.Q Z. I~?::? A.1c tJ>

Indicates a movement

t ~~

9

J6GIo

or an operation

is changing

towards a certain direction

fflT~OO~~o*~~~, g-2J-);~IOjIA-jN~H~j .

2. ~ -t

~ffl~R~~~~T~~~~

-§~olq

~gol

o-j~

~gj=o~

l=J:I li:'- ,:: ;;",?~Ic

~ ~ ~}i!iU= L,1" ~ cic

With ',,-,' as the base point ~~- JJ~}~;

4.

t

~;aJJJ~liJ ~~;aJJJ~liJ(})~JI l..'

L.,

c'oj

L...

U

1,,\

L c'-j

L.,

itl,.\

~}

Review of volitional and non-volitional verbs

~$~1'6JfD7C~$~1'6J QjAI §N9-J-

81!,u1

Sf-2.jAI §A~ 2.j

-2:j

2.1

~9:j-o~.::!2~J~ ~~

qE.~'J

!li! !M tJ{] t!. -Ch,lt"-c>!

Typical

~~'11JrJ

6. ~~f' (= -t

1.

oj

t!.)

S

j! {, to

~i!i[,,;:t,;t:' (t:(,:

t

2. N~: ?-r ~(})1Lt.~ tp to!' I!

d;

*IJ

~\!' ~f 1ffii(}) i*.i W 1i1~-3

11h,tóA

1}J;";iJ'

:(':".1:";

";L,

':i%7'C

<

-:>-:5

From the standpoint of .......-. Preceded by content with judgment or evaluation AJ. -

JrJ .fz. Jm

*~

.......-2.1~~OjIAi

o

j§- ~

!i!.\:! . E-801Q

~ ill. a~~ 'Iw ~IH: ~ [;J;";I~";

>!"'"iJ>h,-C>! , ~~ 'J

1J~'d.>

{,

)c7JJiHr ~IjWT :sX;lm

-:5 'bl::.

<

LH~OI .!f-jOjI OIOi~C~.

~J~2.j

{~OO

*IJ ~ • o 11h,t.'h, c'h,.;'h,

~jif 111 JrJ p;j ~

~!~l 1;1:(,:

\,\ {,~ m ,: M ~ l {fuA.~ ~ ;:l::.tJ'&

to"

to 1:h,~1::.

d.>

{,

C:\,\ ? ~§

>!J;

o

tJ>h,

Judgment or hearsay based on objective information. Indicates the speaker is at a distance from what has happened or been said and referring to a third party

*m~~~.JrJ~WT. m~:~m\L

#~o~~~m~JrJ.~,~.-~~e2~*JrJ.=~JrJ

5.

~t

~to:6

11iiíE *= iJ>

1*

"t"1..\(5.J:;?ttA.

Subjunctive condition

1~lJE~1tj:

6.

~ ~iiJ fIJ ifIi i1l "'"

[, [,,,,,01 l,."

ci::

<

1~tJ n .Q 'Ji»

Indicates that something has been added to what already exists. Often used in written language

~ ~ ~ E ~~ ~ $~Lt

~1mA~Ij ~ i1\.J ~,

AI;;;mAI

c~;::~~

~ G)! lfh..L'h..

l, \~~

b':@

lt'?

(: 7J ~ PJtm11 tJ)

fp

tJ~' d.>

~

0"J'5-lt1,\

Indicates the possibility of a certain cause leading to an unfavorable effect

~ ~A$~ ~ ~DJ~g~3&/F~Hrg ~

*

1)

§~ (f) sl: -g- ,:: ~ -ttJ\.

2)

-g- ~

t'

';J:

j! t \,\oj

~

SJ\.~. (f)

2)

8 ::$; -\'9

3)

1)

I: I~J\. =!= ~

*/:J/ rS

$ ~ ~gIII

s't 1)

*

-:J

~ ~

ItJ\.

18J

~s

t \,\

oj

< ~ -\'"

# ,;J:::$; *, .J\.6"

ti

2)

~ IIH;J: 1iiJ ~

I:

C~

~~~J\.

A

~ -\'"

to~'

::$; ~

::$; A..

*l

:/a

ttJ\.

f! 'J

';J:C' oj r~' P

s't

nl

EtH;J: 1iiJ ~ 9" tJ, o CJ\.

i~

\,\

* 9" tJ,

r~\'\8::$;J t'=tr~'\'\* 'i"; I: I~J\. s't

1O ~ ~ 9"

~

:/aJ\.

ti, ~ 8 "'"

-:J

t

9" .Q

t

::$; ,:: "":) \, \

I: I~J\.

$ 1[,\ ,:: J§ 0> n l ~<

* 9" tJ, l \,\ * 9" tJ,

\, \

III,:: "":)\,\ l C' oj r~'

oj ~ (f) 8 ,:: ~

±ffl (f) 1:' J:~

oj ~ (f) 8 (f)

';J: ~ ~ ~;tJ\.

s't

ss <

V'

V'

iíJ ~ ,:: ~

-tt~",J\.

r iíJ ~

-!t~,"J\.

(f) ~ 9" tJ, o

\,\

* 9"

tJ'o

o

to

(f)

-:J

(f) A tJ~'~ r-:, .Q V'I:

'§'1i::J

l::: -

to

';J:1iiJ~

-!tJ\."J\.

r-:, 0>

nl

*~~

",I: '"

l'

t

CJ\.:/aJ\."';t

\, \ .Q ~

't(])

~ J

o

(f) ~;J:1iiJ ~ 9" tJ, o CJ\.

ivH:: 1-'F0> ~<

n * ~t.: tJ,

o

';J:1iiJ ~ 9" tJ, o CJ\.

~ M=

't

t, ~~ Iv t.=(f)

';J:

o

~f;::.tJ'o

t.::q:~~ 9" tJ, o ~",~J\.

"5",~~J\.

*,::

oj

".,I!J\.'~

±ffl (f) 1': J:~ ~ iffi ~

jH:: t~ s ~ t.= -t

# ';J:-~~r-.H:: C' Iv ;/J-g-~ ~ ~ nl sl: "Sb

1)

V'I:

~'J\.I:~

8

CJ\.

,:: ~ \,\ 1iU~ tJ~'"":)<

I: I~J\.

~l

';J:1iiJ ~ 9" tJ, o

15

>l:1: 'fl:

z. (f)

~

;je ;~

,j;' ';J:8

I: I~J\.

1iiJ ~

3)

~>J\.~"

\, \ .Q

j- /- 1'\ -

z.

';J:

9" tJ'o

l \,\ * 9" tJ, o

\,\"":);::'0

4)

p nl

I[..;j-~Iv';J:C'oj

1)

3 )

*

CJ\.

J

';J:< 2) 8::$;~ I: I~J\.

2)

o

fp o

';J:1iiJ ~ 9" tJ, o

15

? I) j7 • I [..;j- ~ Iv ~,

* 9" fp

f)

d.>

1;;:.1...

t ~0 \,\ t \,\oj t

2) ?I)"F' 3)

ti

CJ\.

;~

r18

(f)

(f) ';J:1iiJ ~ 9"

\, \ \, \;je

"5",~~'

~

O) tJr

CD7..-J\-l"[j:~~,

liAto

te.

® tJ -tf

'\'!>

~ )])($

'\'!>

2:'

té'

o

I~AL;A

z.. O)

J.&! ,.

tJ>

6 te. o

;$: Á [j: J: < te.

aFl O)

-tf EI ;$: Á tj: ~ < O) I: I~A l5A 1Ió~

clvJ ~

t

t~ tite9" co 2t.n~~ -r

:::? L;~?

\, \ .@

l-r \,\

1 ) CD;b ~ tJ~'tJ \,\

3S

~ '\'!>I



~;$:

-r ~

-:J

Sli

cJ>t

® 19t1: ...t

t> tó'A

7' JI;

-lj- /'

5.

Jr ffl

® 19t1: 1@$5t /

J:?

nc'

,~~

@11tl::W3

019tl : ~ E19~ ~ nc'

'J

tJ, l5~

~.

®19tl :

8C'

A"

.@

\'\0

~lf'

CD ~

o

t::.

tJ~'~ ~

1Bl tJ>n

to

3) 1~JJ.

?to

n>n

0~ tJ~''1' ? ~=tJ n ;b ~ttJ~'tJ

t.'

é: <

tJ~'~ tJ~'

1Bl

sA S

5~ 'I~JJ. .AS~?~.

• I>'?

2)

@ -g- mJ tJ

o

~

l ~ 80

:;f -T (= ~

tJ~'~ tJ~'~ \, \ tJ ;b #n?~ .6

JJ.

;f-i

?to

5'

1Bl

.@

I>'?

J:'O:::

1 .

® 1J

1~!l tJ ;b ~t tJ~'tJ \,\

1) *fJ~ 4)

~t tJ~'tJ \,\

~~~t~ l.,"'

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tJ~'~ ~ tJ \,\

?to

)!~ ? n l ~ tJ>?I;f'?

*fJ~

lJ'

-r \,\

EI ~S#J:

)§~~~

CD~l~

.8

~ttJ~'tJ \,\0 Ji -:J

L\;:: ,;t:'(1).~

~=~ l \,\~

Iv tJ

~á

~

l5A-ttA

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