Chronology of Ancient Egypt

Chronology of Ancient Egypt

Paleolithic Lower Paleolithic, circa 700/500,000-200,000 BP Middle Paleolithic, circa 200,000-45,000 BP Upper Paleolithic, circa 35,000-21,000 BP Late Paleolithic, circa 21,000-12,000 BP Epi-paleolithic, circa 12,000-8,000 BP

Neolithic, northern Egypt: begins circa 5200 BC Predynastic period: Ma’adi culture, northern Egypt, circa 40003300/3200 BC Badarian culture, Middle Egypt, circa 45003800 BC Nagada culture, southern Egypt: Nagada I, circa 4000-3600 BC Nagada II, circa 3600-3200 BC Nagada III/Dynasty 0, circa 3200-3050 BC Early Dynastic period:

1st Dynasty, circa 3050-2890 BC: Ah* Djer Djet

Den Anedjib Smerkhet Qa’a

2nd Dynasty, circa 2890-2686 BC: Hotepsekhemwy Reneb Nynetjer Weneg Peribsen Khasekhemwy Old Kingdom:

3rd Dynasty, circa 2686-2613 BC: Nebka Zoser Sekhemkhet Khaba Huni

4th Dynasty, circa 2613-2494 BC: Seneferu Khufu Djedefre Khafre Nebka Menkaure Shepseskaf

5th Dynasty, circa 2494-2345 BC: Weserkaf

Sahure Neferirkare Shepseskare Neferefre Nyuserre Menkauhor Djedkare-Isesi

Unas

6th Dynasty, circa 2345-2181 BC: Teti Weserkare Pepi I Merenre Pepi II Nitocris

First Intermediate Period: 7th-8th Dynasties, circa 2181-2125 BC: circa 16 kings 9th-10th Dynasties (Heracleopolis), circa 2160-2025 BC: circa 18 kings 11th Dynasty, pre-unification Thebes, circa 2125-2055 BC: Mentuhotep I Intef II Intef I

Intef III

Middle Kingdom: 11th Dynasty, unification, circa 2055-1985 BC: Mentuhotep II Mentuhotep IV Mentuhotep III

12th Dynasty, circa 1985-1795 BC:

Senusret I

Amenemhat IV

Amenemhat II Queen Sobekneferu Senusret II

Second Intermediate Period: 13th Dynasty, circa 1795-1650 BC: circa 65 kings, including: Sihathor I ‘Amu-sa-hornedjherjotef Sihathor II Chendjer

Sobekhotep IV

Sobekhotep III

Neferhotep III

Neferhotep I

14th Dynasty, circa 1750-1650 BC: Possibly up to 76 kings who ruled from Sais in the Delta and overlapped with the 13tl and 15 th Dynasties. 15th Dynasty (Hyksos), circa 1650-1550 BC: Salitis Apophis Khayan Khamudi

16th Dynasty (Hyksos), circa 1650-1550 BC: circa 17 minor kings/Hyksos vassals who overlapped with the 15th Dynasty. 17th Dynasty (Thebes), circa 1650-1550 BC: circa 14 kings, the last four of which were: Ta’o II Intef VI Kamose

Ta’o I

New Kingdom: 18th Dynasty, circa 1550-1295 BC: Ahmose Tuthmose IV Amenhotep I Amenhotep III Tuthmose I

Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten (Amarna period)

Tuthmose II

Smenkhkare

Tuthmose III Tutankhamen Hatshepsut

Ay

Amenhotep II Horemheb

Ramesside period: 19th Dynasty, circa 12951186 BC: Ramesses I Amenmesses Seti I Seti II Ramesses II Siptah Merenptah Queen Tawosret

20th Dynasty, circa 1186-1069 BC: Sethnakht Ramesses III Ramesses IV Ramesses V

Ramesses VI Ramesses VII Ramesses VIII Ramesses IX Ramesses X Ramesses XI

Third Intermediate Period: 21st Dynasty (Tanis), circa 1069-945 BC: Smendes Amenemnisu Psusennes I Amenemope Osorkon the Elder Siamen Psusennes II 22nd Dynasty (Libyan), circa 945-735 BC: Sheshonk I Osorkon I

Sheshonk II Takelot I Osorkon II Takelot II Sheshonk III Pami Sheshonk V Theban kings, circa 818-730 BC: Pedubast I Input I Sheshonk IV(?) Osorkon III Takelot III Rudamen Iny 23rd Dynasty (Libyan), circa 735-710 BC: Pedubast II Osorkon IV Psammous Local dynasties, circa 730 BC: Thotemhat and Nimlot (Hermopolis)

Peftjauawybast (Heracleopolis) Input II (Leontopolis) 24th Dynasty, circa 727-715 BC: Tefnakht Bakenrenef 25th Dynasty (Kushite), circa 760-653 BC: Kashta Piye Shabako Shebitku Taharka Tanutameni

Late period: 26th Dynasty (Saite), circa 664-525 BC: Neko I Psamtik I Neko II Psamtik II Apries

Amasis Psamtik III 27th Dynasty (Persian), circa 525-404 BC: Cambyses Darius I Xerxes I Artaxerxes I Darius II Artaxerxes II 28th Dynasty, circa 404-399 BC: Amyrtaeus 29th Dynasty, circa 399-380 BC: Nepherites I Hakor Nepherites II 30th Dynasty, circa 380-343 BC: Nectanebo I Teos Nectanebo II 31st Dynasty (Persian), circa 343-332 BC: Artaxerxes III

Arses Darius III

Ptolemaic period, circa 332-32 BC: Macedonians: Alexander the Great Philip Arrhidaeus Alexander IV Ptolemaic Dynasty: Ptolemy I Soter I Ptolemy II Philadelphus Ptolemy III Evergetes Ptolemy IV Philopator Ptolemy V Epiphanes Ptolemy VI Philometor Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator Ptolemy VIII Evergetes II Ptolemy IX Soter II Ptolemy X Alexander I

Ptolemy IX Soter II (again) Ptolemy XI Alexander II Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos Cleopatra VII Philopator Ptolemy XIII

Ptolemy XIV Caesarion

Roman period Begins after the defeat of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, when Egypt became a Roman province.

Coptic period From the defeat of the Roman emperor Maxentius by Constantine I in AD 312, when Christian persercution ended in the Roman empire, to the Arab invasion of Egypt in AD 639.