Chemistry Project Class 12

Project Of  Chemistry Steriliz ation Of Water By Sterilization Using Bleaching Powder  This Project Project deals with the process process of purifying water and make it t for drinking y the the techni!ue techni!ue called called Sterilization of Water using Bleaching Powder TRIBHUWAN KUMAR

 A CHEMISTR CHEMISTRY Y INVESTIGA INVESTIGATOR TORY Y PROJECT  PROJECT  B" ## T$%B&UW'( )U*'$ +lass #,%%

Index J J J

+erticate Of 'uthenticity 'cknowledgement %ntroduction   

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 Theory   

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(eed Of Water Purication of Water (eed for a stale purication technology &istory Of water purication Bleaching powder and its preparation Use of Bleaching powder in sterilization of water

-.periment 'im  Pre#re!uisite )nowledge  $e!uirement  Procedure 

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$esult Biliography

+erticate Of 'uthenticity  This is to certify certify that TRIBHUWAN KUMAR of class ,%% has successfully completed this project project on the topic / Sterii!"tion of W"ter #y $sin% Be"chin% Po&der 0 under the guidance of *$1  T1(1  T1(1 2&' 3 *$1 *$1 S1 S'$)'$1 S'$)'$1

 This Project Project is asolutely genuine and does not indulge plagiarism plagiarism of any kind1

 The reference reference taken taken in mailing this project project has een declared declared at at the end of this pro44ject1

%nternal Signature5#

-.ternal Signature5# Signature5#

'cknowledgement % feel proud to present my project in +hemistry on the topic /Sterii!"tion of W"ter #y $sin% Be"chin% Po&der 01

 This project project wouldn6t ha7e een completed without without the proper proper guidance of my +hemistry teacher *$1T( 2&' who guided me throughout this project in e7ery possile way1 ' project in7ol7es 7arious di8cult la e.periments e.periments which ha7e to e carried out y the student to otain the oser7ation and conclude the report on a meaningful note1 These e.periments are 7ery critical and in case of failure9 may result in disastrous conse!uences1 Therey % would like to thank *$1 T( 2&' for guiding me on a step y step asic and ensuring that % completed all my e.periment e.periment with ease1

% would also like to thank *r1 S1S'$)'$ and *$ P$':&'( for their 7ital support and co#operation1

't last % would like to thank my parents and all those without whom this project would not ha7e een completed1

%ntroduction

Need of &"ter Water is an important and essential ingredient in our !uest for fo r sur7i7al on this planet1 %t is 7ery essential for carrying out 7arious metaolic processes in our ody and also to carry out &emogloin throughout the ody1 ody1 ' daily a7erage of ; gallon per man is su8cient for drinking and cooking purposes1 ' horse9 ullock9 or mule drinks aout ;; gallons at a time1 Standing up9 an a7erage allowance of < gallons should e gi7en for a man9 and ;4 gallons for a horse or a camel1 'n elephant drinks =< gallons9 each mule or o. drinks > to ? gallons9 each sheep or pig > to ? pints1 These are minimum !uantities1 One c$#ic foot of &"ter ' ( %"ons )" %"on ' *+ #s,- 1

%n order to fulll such a huge demand of water9 it needs to e puried and supplied in a orderly and systematic way1 But with the increasing world population9 the demand for drinking water has also increased dramatically and therefore it is 7ery essential to identify resources resources of water from which we can use water for drinking purposes1 *any a7ailale resources of water do not ha7e it in drinkale form1 -ither the water contains e.cess of +alcium or *agnesium salts or any other organic impurity or it simply contains foreign particles which make it unt and unsafe for :rinking1

P$ri.c"tion of W"ter  There are many methods for the purication purication of water1 water1 Some of them are are    

Boiling @iltration Bleaching powder treatment SO:%S ASolar Water :isinfection

*, Boiin% Boiling is perhaps the most commonly used water purication techni!ue in use today1 today1 While in normal households it is an e8cient techni!ueC it cannot can not e used for industrial and large scale purposes1 %t is ecause in normal households9 the water to e puried is 7ery small in !uantity and hence the water loss due due to e7aporation is is almost negligile1 negligile1 But in %ndustrial or large scale purication of water the water loss due to e7aporation will e !uite high and the amount of puried water otained will e 7ery less1

 /, 0itr"tion @iltration is also used for remo7ing foreign particles from water1 One major drawack of this purication process is that it cannot e used for remo7ing foreign chemicals and impurities that are miscile with water1

1, SO2IS )So"r W"ter 2isinfectionSO:%S or Solar Water :isinfection is recommended y the United (ations for disinfection of water using soft drink ottles9 sunlight9 and a lack surface## surf ace## at least in hot nations with regularly intense sunlight1 Water#lled ater#lled transparent ottles placed in a horizontal position atop a Dat surface in strong sunlight for around 7e hours h ours will kill microes in the water1 water1 The process is made e7en more safe and eEecti7e if the ottom half of the ottle or the surface itFs lying on is lackened9 andGor the Dat surface is made of plastic or metal1 %tFs the comination of heat and ultra7iolet light which kills the organisms1

 The major drawack of this purication purication techni!ue is that it cannot e used in countries with cold weather1 weather1 'lso9 the time consumed for Purication process is more and it also needs a Hlackened6 surface9 much like solar cookers1

Need for " st"#e 3$ri.c"tion techni4$e  Therefore we need a purication techni!ue techni!ue which can e used anytime and anywhere9 does not re!uire the use of any third party content and which is also economically feasile on oth normal scale and large scale1 &ence we look at the method of purication of water using the techni!ue of treatment y leaching powder commonly known as / Chorin"tion01

Theory History of &"ter 3$ri.c"tion in i n di5erent 3"rts of the &ord, %n ;?L=(a%

N1 ' known olume olume of one of the gi7en samples of water is treated with a known 7olume of leaching powder solution1 The amount of residual chlorine is determined y adding e.cess potassium iodide solution and then titrating against standard sodium thiosulphate solution1 I1 @rom the readings in = and N9 the amount of chlorine and hence leaching powder re!uired re!uired for the disinfection of a gi7en 7olume of the gi7en sample of water can e calculated1

Proced$re8 ;1 Preparation of leaching powder solution1 Weigh accurately =1