ChaseDream GMATPrep2008 语法笔记 Final Edition_SC

ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 语语

ChaseDream

PREP2008 语语语语

Final Edition

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 语语语语

语语语语 语ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语语语语语语语语语语 ChaseDream 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 何 目的打印、复制、复印、再加工、分发、发送、上发、下发、存发和公开演示，不得随意修改、和改发发 些发料；发禁利用此发料的全部或部分内容发行任何商发性发用，否发将受到依法追究。

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 版本更新

语语语语 语语 

2012 语 11 语 19 语 Final Edition 语语 prep1-174 语 so..a s to 语语语语语 p1-178 语语 3语prep 1-190 语语 A 语语语语语prep 1-189 修正发充发明 1-3语prep 1-194 语语 1 添加第 4 语语prep 1-197 新增发充 not also 语语语prep1-213 语语 A 语语语prep 1-220 语语 B 语语 发only…but 明 语语语prep 1-221语语语 A 语语语语语prep1-224 语语 E 语语语语语prep 1-226 语语 D,E 语语语prep 1-238 语语语语语 double 语语语语语prep2-173 语语 A 语语语语(语语 guoqi)语prep2-181 修正 发 充 发 明； prep2-204 语语 require 语语(感发 坤 kun语hermione0527语jaze语339215262语superbat28语XX2011 语 babybearmm 语zhongshanlh语jay871750293 的建发)

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2011 语 05 语 04 语 Version 2.02 prep 1-229 语语语语语语(in order to 语 to do 区发 )语prep 1-192 语语 C 发发发 冒号使用的发 明；修正 prep 2-225 补补补补(例发 A 发发发发了 )语 语语 prep2-227 B 语语语语(with intent to do 语 with the intent of doing) (语语 jaze语 语语语语语语 语 hermione0527 的建发)

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2011 语 04 语 02 语 Version 2.01 prep 1-174 发充发明修正；更新 prep 1-229 补补补补(5)语prep 1-235 语语 B,C 语语语语语prep 1-218 语语 语语语语语prep 2-174 语语 E 语语语语语prep 2-216 语语 2-1)语语语 prep 2-158 发充发似发发接

 2011 语 02 语 08 语 Version 2.00 prep 1-172 语语"补补补补"语prep 1-173 语语 E 语语语语语prep 1-211 语语语语 whereas语语语 A,B,C 语语语语语prep 1-213 语语 B,E 语语语语语prep 1-214 语语 B,C,D,E 语语语prep 2-163 语语 A,C,D 语语语prep 2-167 语语 D 语语语prep 2173 语语 B,D 语语语语语 " 发 似 发发 接 "中的 发发 ； prep 2-198 语语 B,C,D 语语 (语语 windmaple 语 johnson1120 语 mofell 的建发)

 2011 语 01 语 09 语 Version 1.09 prep 1-190 语语 E 语语语语语prep 1-207 语语语语语语“语语语语”语prep 1-216 语语语语语语“OG12-18”语prep 1-217 语语语语语 语“none of 语语”语prep 1-218 语语 E 语语语语语prep 1-230 修正 C 语语语语语prep 1-238 修正发充发明中 twice as...as 语语语prep 1-240 修正 A 语语语语语prep 2-192 修正 B 语语语语语prep 2-222 语语 C,D,E 语语语 语语语语 prep 2-227 发似发发接 A 语语语语语语 windmaple语 语语语语 语 kakadinho 语语语语

 2010 语 11 语 29 语 Version 1.08 Prep 1- 171 增加发充发明 2语prep 1-181 语语语语语语 6语prep 1-215 修正 D 语语语语语语prep 2-175 语 补 E 发发解发，添加发充发明 2语(语语 ryuu217语 dxyl 语 语语语 语语语)

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2010 语 11 语 7 语 Version 1.07 prep 1-255 语语 A,D 发发 中解 发 “ has worked…in the past 语语语语语 prep 2-152 语语语语 squiting modifier 语 dangling modifier 的定 发 ” ； prep 2-188 语语 A 发发 中解 发 “ possiblity 语语语 for 语语 ” 语 Prep1-212 D 发发是"A is X times more likely to happen than is B"解发中发去第二个 is，修正 语"A is X times more likely to happen than B"语Prep1-216 修正 E 发发 解发 ，修正发 充发 明中 than (few people 语语)did [in the 1960’s and 1970’s]语语 few语 prep 1-220 修正 A 语语语语语 Prep1224 语语语语语语语 (与原 发 无关 )语prep 1-252 修正 A 语语语语语 Prep 2-186 修正 B,D 语语语语 (语语 tinnashen 语 bowow 语语语)

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2010 语 10 语 28 语 Version 1.06 prep1-195 语语 A 语语语语语prep1-249 语语 A 语语语语语prep2-163 发去发充发明中“分发的正反向考 法”中的例发

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 版本更新

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2010 语 10 语 14 语 Version 1.05 prep1-238 完善“倍数表发法”发充发明第一小点； prep1-241 更新发充发明 that , one , it 语语 语语语 VII语prep2-177 修正句子发发

 2010 语 10 语 01 语 Version 1.04 prep1-176 语语 D 语语语语语prep1-186 语语 C 语语语语  2010 语 09 语 25 语 Version 1.03 prep1-172 语于发去完成发使用的发充  2010 语 09 语 17 语 Version 1.02 prep1-203语prep2-235 补补  2010 语 09 语 13 语 Version 1.01 prep 2-187 发充发似发发接  2010 语 09 语 09 语 Version 1.00 PREP2008 语语语语语语语语

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 语语

语语 语语语语语语语语语 发条路来丰富自己生命的意发，那么发发住： 不要着急，人生是一发发 跑，发到梦想的路很发，比发人多花一点点发发准发 G,T 语语语语语语语 的未来，通往成功的跑道上，只有快慢之发，并无发发之分； 不要气发 ，如果你在发 疑自己的潜力，发 明生活没有足发逼迫你或者你发没有发自己发定到 A:发You’ll 无路可退。发是发得 Homelss to Harvard 里的那句 白： kill yourself, you know? Liz: No, I’m gonna live. 发了生存的发斗，能发梦想发大到无法撼发； 71发语语 不要放弃，很多数人 G,T 考了不下十次才到发意的分数，都是从零基 开始一直努力到成发 G,T 甚至不能算作正式的开发，面发它发发得发一点点豪气与不屑； 不要因发 G,T 而抓狂，相比美好的未来， 不要羡慕发人发有大把的发发游发发街，把大好的青春放在发发、GT 与发发发上、不是一种 接受煎熬痛苦，而是享受着发发理想（ fulfillment）的必发之路。

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 语语

语语

语语 CD，发发并非发发我发发写发的成果，大部分的内容都是取之 CD 用之CD语 语语 CD 上数不尽的大佬前发发，尤有 zeros, steven 发我的支持与帮助。 感发发法发发的发写发成发发（alphabetically）： binbin 语 babeequeen ， 大 发 (cdlxhmn) ， 果 汁 发 糖 ， jy03161061 ， 狂 奔 的 发 牛 语 lovelacebaby语neko语steven 大版，发米拉提，魏小发要出国，zanyingsan语 40 分发的发稿，只希望能 抱歉发么晚才截稿，平均一 发 发不辜发你发的信任； 感发无私奉献自己的意发与发发发料的发法大牛发（alphabetically）： AlienX语balabaladou7语Jenny1989语nbxiaoqian，天蝎座 1107语uslar语 发然没有最发参与发写发，可是你发的发料却是我发发写发最大的发富； 感发发多在发发上曾发表精彩言发的筒子发，很抱歉人数发多不能在此一一列 发，但是偶几位的 大名能在发发中被看到 :-D 同发也感发在我发段生命里出发发的所有人，没有你发，我的生命黯淡无光。 感发所有发发法发发提出更新建发的发斗者发，你发的分享发后来人少走很多弯路，也发我在发 语语 GMAT 的日子里发发提高。 祝你发幸福。 最后感发女友果汁，在发发 程里发发 我太多关心，支持，自信与勇气，你是我发持到最发截稿最 大的支撑与意发。望我能发你幸福。

aeoluseros 2010.9(2012.8 语 语 )

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语语语语

1语 语语语语语语语语(D)语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语“语语”语语语“语语/发藏发发发发”按发（只有 WORD 才有此按发，写字板没有）。再次 又被发藏。发下发方框内发示：

(语语 word2010 截发word2003, 2007 有发似按 ) 发 ， 2. 语语语语语 有效用 Diction语 发（ 句子发发（Grammatical Construction）指代一致（Agreement语 平行发 Parallelism） 称（ 发发有效（Rhetorical Construction语 发发表 Logical 发（ Predication）主发一致（Agreement语 语 语 语Idiom）其他（Ends 语语 & Odds语

3. 写发追梦的你与发发使用指南：

(1) GMAT发英发底子发发得去的同学来发是一个可以快速拿到发意分数的考发。 (2) 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语constraint把复发效率最大化。 (3) 多去思考，切忌急躁。不要发了出国而出国，要花多一点点发发了解出国能发自己发来什么；不要发了背发发而 使用发发；不要发了做发而做发，要多一点点发发研究每一个发发。发怕花了整整几天在收集、了解 出国能发自己发来什么的信息，发怕一天只能背百来个发发，发怕一天只能做10语SC，只能看发篇 语RC，思考发自己的方向更明确、思路更清晰，”发少走弯路 ”语语语”不断发找捷径”能省下更多发发。

(4) 如果自发发英文写作并没有太多天发，发一定要学好发法。发无关 GMAT考发，而关乎未来在工作 发位上能否以最准确的英文快速地写出各种分析发 告与 发通信件。在如今面发 常有 report语语语语语语 (5) GMAT里的句子都是最基本的。未来学发、工作中会遇到更多发、更发发 GMAT打好基 的句子。所以如果有 发。尽量掌握每一个 发发 GMAT ，一定要借 (6) 如果发发量没有到TOEFL的程度，发发必借G,T的机会好好背发发，甚至如果有发发很推荐背一背 GRE发发。拿一份Wall Street Journal语NY Times，你就能发易发发大部分GRE发发都很常用。 (7) 语语语语语G,T或发是出国以前集中、快速提高英文的最后机会，发一定要好好把握它发。 (8) 通发做发来提高是最扎发的方法，可以直接发发发知发点的敏感度。 (9) 发发适用于已发发完其他入发材料一遍的同学，因发有些理解需要关于 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 语语语语语Manhattan》（如果语语 发一些发法发有名发理解有困发，可以先发一下《英发发法高手的24语 (10) 不要背下本发发的任何内容，如果有发一发不小心发下了，发通发找到它的 "发发"来忘掉它 根源 发。所 (11) 语语语语语语语语语语"思考、发照”，二等用法是“发发”，次一些的用法是“通发”，最差的用法是发发。 (12) 发本发发使用的最佳目发是:"如果发你足发的发发，你也能写出属于自己的发法发发"补 (13) 发发里不小心把有些发目写得发于复发，如果发发有限，完全没有必要逐句通发，大胆跳发一些 (14) 要发发发的任何解发始发持发疑发度。发于同一个发法点有发三种理解很正常，有的发法点是发法 (15) 发发有少发地方和OG上的解发略有不同，有发OG的解发发于发松，发发便会力发在那些知发点

(16) 不要发发不同的表发方式就肯定有一种是发的，也不要发发不同的理解就肯定有一种是发的。例如 (17) 语语verbal部分主要考发我发发“语语语语”的辨发能力：SC考发辨发发个句子里有语语语语语语的成分，因 此我发要关注的也是表发那些关系的方式，在 SC中以排列发序、用发来发行精准表发关系。发外 语 (18) 永发相信自己的发气，但是不要依发它。 因发发发与能力有限，所以发发中定然存在很多的不足感发大家可以在发发的发发发 漏发发中发我，

ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 SC 语语语语

SC 语语 语语  aeo语语语语语 语语语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语GMAT的句子能看发70%的意思（即便有 语 语 语 语 语 发候可能会依然会发句子有发解），

第二步，回发发法发面。发法是发发的表发，所有的发法原发都可以通发发发发出。但是发下一些常考点语 发一步需要注意的发法点基本上分发以下四个，大家需要根据自己发不同发法点的敏感度不同发行排序 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 发外发有一些零碎的，比如发发状发通常在地点状发后面，发折状发通常需要逗号与主句隔开，都是 凡是第二步可以发掉的发 700分以下的 ，基本都是 发。 发于700+发，第二步熟发了以后一般能发在10秒发之内发掉发三个干发发， *：不用发发固定搭配。 *：发一步开始，需要学会迅速比发发发。 第三步，回发发发发面。发一步需要以发句发发宗旨：“不同的表发方式会造成不同的发发含发”，比如地 点前面用 in语at都是有发 微区发 的，发 个副发发 用前后发 序表发 的发发 含发 是有区发 的，修发发 用 ing语语语 with发是用定从是有区发的，平行发候发 出和不发出所发发 的信息的清晰度也是可能有区发的，修发发和 第三步其发和第二步有重复的地方，比如提到发发的使用，发然有些发发确发有用，比如发发状发从句 因此第三步的做法就是：发发句子。很多发候的发发其发是因发没有发发整个句子。发一步其发也是解决 第三步需要考发的一般有：发发、修发发的位置发发、介发的发发、修发发形式的发发等等… 第三步融会发通以后会发发，发发真的是比发出来的，发法发，真的是发最好的（大部分情况下，也是 第三部融会发通以后会发发，看到发三个发发就可以不用看下去了，因发从那几个发就已发可断定发个 如果完全理解第三步，会发发看任何材料都能提升GMAT发法。发发候看“正确的句子”会很有感发。 发了半天，其发只有三句发： (1) 发发句子。 (2) 发住一些快速破发法。 (3) 发法的提速来自于看发三个发就不用发发看下去发发发。 语语语 (1) 发发发要学会发完 A发发后尽量同步地在发中发思最好的写法发发如何，发一点如果一发无法做到毋发 发求；遇到发发或新知发点发通常先以排除法发主，解发发程中不能排除的先放着作发候发发发，如果候 (2) 常常有些发目是可以发粹根据 effectiveness来判断正发良莠的。发住一些“

effectiveness发发”，比如某

(3) 发 住 一 些 近 似 发 发 的 发 微 差 发 ， 能 加 速 发 发 的 发 发 ， 如 espeically 语specially 的 区 发 ， due to 补 in (4) 固定搭配、发发并没有什么很好的发法去学，只能靠多看多发，正如 idiom发个发并不是来自于idiot，而是 来自于 idio-语which means “unique, spontaneous, without rules or known genesis”语

ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 SC 语语语语

(5) 巧用“ 正确的句子 http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-486636-1-1.html ”： 比如当想了解with的用法发，可以在“正确的句子”里搜索with，所有GMAT中出发发的with的用法就出来了语  语语GMAT，我最大的收 发 不是英 发 本身，而是在当初系 发 性 GMAT复 发发 料不多 发 （ Manhattan语语语语 (6) 语语GMAT中很多发发可以直接到网发上发，例如要核发某个搭配是否合适，可以直接在 GOOGLE语 语 入发搭配，并在发发加上双引号（发发匹配），再根据其在网发上出发的次数来判断发搭配的合理性，一 核心发源，发供参考： 1. Manhattan 2. Prep 3. OG 4. GMAT补 补 补 补 5. 发法大全 其他推荐目 发与源 –发语语 发发有大量发发的人： 发发得自己有些偏发，看某一个方面就会收集很多很多那个方面的发，不发得当初看了多少，大部分 也是看了就忘了。不发发子里发发着比发发典的几本，在此写出来发发有大量复发发发，又想发底了解一 发发其发开始复发GMAT以前我发什么是从句也不太了解，发英发发 法也是不屑甚至发发 ，但随着了 解越多，越发发发法并不是条条框框，而其发是一种反映发发的发西，其发发性发毫不发于理工科（当初 供发发 ： 1. 语Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English语 语 语 语 语 语 GMAT补 80%的搭配与用发方法。因发 发法来自于发发，有发候不明白一个发法点，只要发发那个发的发发含发即可。有一点特发重要的 是，字典里发然发某个发有好几种发发，但各种发发之发依然是有发系的。比如since可以表发因果语 2. 发振邦的《新发英发发法》，发发有下发 3. 发道真《发代英发用法发典》：各种搭配，网发有下发 4. 《牛津英发搭配发典》  Lingoes翻发发件里的一个发发包 5. 语语语语A Comprehensive grammar of the English language》：不要用发本发的中文版，有好几个地 方意思翻反了（不发依然非常佩服翻发发本巨著的前人）。发本发写得很深，没有一定基发的发慎 6. H. W. Fowler语语A Dictionary of Modern English Usage语 7. 语Garner's Modern American Usage语 8. http://www.jukuu.com/ 国内最好的用发发发网站。 有以上几本供发发的已完全足发，其他一些发法发更多的是发发日常发法，所以介发的有些用法与 语语语语 1. 《英发发法新思发》（初发、中发、高发三本），当初第一眼看到发套发就被发发了：发才是发发发法 2. 《英发发法高手的24堂必修发》，如果发法基发不好，也不是属于抽象派的发手（如发有很好的发感 补 很好的发气、很），发发也没有充足到看完发法新思发，那么花发天发发把发本发发一遍吧。名字是 3. 《大学英发发法：发座与发发》：一发取发名字的发法发，或者发国内的大学发大家发“大学”的印象 4. 语Elements of Style》，发述了保守派的行发作发。发然有些发定与GMAT不同，但是和GMAT一发语 都是发了发发清晰、无歧发。所以发发本发发的也发发是发发，而不是发下里面的条框，比如要用主 5. 语The Hand Book of Good English》，网路上有发子版

ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 SC 语语语语

6. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/

ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 SC 语语语语

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 语语

语语 版权声明............................................................................................................. 2 版本更新日志.......................................................................................................3 前言.................................................................................................................. 5 感谢.................................................................................................................. 6 使用说明............................................................................................................ 7 SC 三步进阶........................................................................................................9 目录.................................................................................................................. 1 Practice Test #1 Sentence Correction (171-258).................................................1 Practice Test #2 Sentence Correction (152-235).............................................112 正确的句子......................................................................................................221

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

Practice Test #1 Sentence Correction (171-258)

170. Margaret Mead, the best-known anthropologist of the twentieth century, helped shape public opinion on fundamentally important areas like attitudes toward children and families, along with the relative merits of competition and cooperation. A. shape public opinion on fundamentally important areas like attitudes toward children and families, along with B. shape public opinion in such fundamentally important areas as attitudes toward children and families and C. to shape public opinion about such fundamentally important areas like attitudes toward children and families, also about D. the shaping of public opinion for fundamentally important areas such as attitudes toward children and families, and those toward E. the shaping of public opinion around fundamentally important areas like attitudes toward children and families, and those of 语语语语语MM, …, helped shape opinion … in areas such as … and …

语语语 补 补 补 补 (Idiom) 有 效用（ 发 Diction补 1. Help的用法： Help sb. (to) do; Help (to) do; Be helpful in (特发注意 ) 2. 语语语such … as A, B, … and C 发发，不可以用like语语语like补 GMAT中通常做介发表示“像 …一发”，要求前后发格发称，但不可表示 3. such as的发种形式：A such as B, such A as B such as的用法： such as + 具 体名（ 发 n1 and n2语doing n1 and doing n2;）表示发例 such as + noun/ doing/ what补 补 /介发短发 发发表发： such as + there/they/these 语 ，必发是具体的发西，不能加代发 such as + to do 语 such as + 补 补 语 such as + when语语 X1, X2, X3 such as these 语语such as要放在列发之前。 4. Along with短发引发的是伴随状发，不可以表示平行关系也不可以做发发使用 5. 补 …语语语语in … area(s).

语语语语语 A语 On areas 搭配发发；like无法表示列发，发当发 such 成 as语along with不能代替and语 语 语 语 B语 Correct; such as的列发中， attitudes语relative merits的并列 C语 Help to do语 语 help do发发有效，但不能称其发发发性发发；about areas 搭配发发；like语语语语语语语

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

发当发such 成 as语also about发发also不可以作 ， 发副发发接发(补 补 补 补 补 )语语 D语 Help the doing搭配发发；for…areas搭配发发；发发意思上发such as的列发中发发是 attitudes语 relative merits的并列，也可以从发一个角度分析：如果是attitudes语merits并列的发，不发发再用 those toward，而直接用and发接，如果是发个attitudes并列的发最多发出and toward，从发个方 E语 Help the doing搭配发发；around area搭配发发；like无法表示列发，发当发such 成 as；发发意思上发列发 语 语 语 语 attitudes语relative merits的并列；发外and those of前面的逗号不发发有

171. One of the primary distinctions between our intelligence with that of other primates may lay not so much in any specific skill but in our ability to extend knowledge gained in one context to new and different ones. A. between our intelligence with that of other primates may lay not so much in any specific skill but B. between our intelligence with that of other primates may lie not so much in any specific skill but instead C. between our intelligence and that of other primates may lie not so much in any specific skill as D. our intelligence has from that of other primates may lie not in any specific skill as E. of our intelligence to that of other primates may lay not in any specific skill but 语语语语语 One of the primary distinctions between … and … may lie not so much in … as in…

语语语 1. 补 补 补 补 (1) distinction(s) between…and… (2) difference(s) between…and… / A has difference from B 2. 补 补 补 补 so much…as…，要保发平行 3. May, must, should, would 等情发发发后面要接发发原形 4. 注意当lay 语 lie 都 发发发 的原型 发 的区 发 ： lay 是使役 发发 ； lie 表 发 的是状 发 ，可以作 发 Linking

语语语语语 A. B. C. D.

between … with 搭配发发；so much … but 搭配发发；lay 不是原形，发发发成 lie between … with 搭配发发；so much … but 搭配发发；instead 多余 correct; that 指 代intelligence distinction 语 语 between…and... 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 A has distinction(s) from B ， 只 有 A has difference(s) from B；固定搭配 between…and…不完整；缺少了 so much，被改发 not… as…，改 E. distinction 语 语 between…and... 语 语 语 语 of…to 搭 配 发发 ； lay 不 是 原 形 ， 发发发 成 lie 语not so much…as…语语语 not…but，改发了合理句意

语语语语语 1. 补 difference from语difference/distinction between A and B，而没有distinction from www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

2. lie / lay做发发发用法发明 lie发不及物发发；lay发及物发发。 lie : 1.lie - lied - lied 语语 2.lie - lay - lain 发着；平放 lay : lay - laid - laid 发卵，下蛋；放，发

172. Introduced by Italian merchants resident in London during the sixteenth century, in England life insurance remained until the end of the seventeenth century a specialized contract between individual underwriters and their clients, typically being ship owners, overseas merchants, or professional moneylenders. A. in England life insurance remained until the end of the seventeenth century a specialized contract between individual underwriters and their clients, typically being B. in England life insurance had remained until the end of the seventeenth century a specialized contract between individual underwriters with their clients, who typically were C. until the end of the seventeenth century life insurance in England had remained a specialized contract between individual underwriters and their clients, typically D. life insurance in England remained until the end of the seventeenth century a specialized contract between individual underwriters and their clients, typically E. life insurance remained until the end of the seventeenth century in England a specialized contract between individual underwriters with their clients, who typically were 语 语 语 语 语 Introduced by …, life insurance remained until … a … contract between … and…

语语语 1. 补 补 补 补 between … and … 2. 语 语 语 语 语 以下情况用发在完成发：  within/during/in/over+ the past/recent/last+语语语  出发 since考发发在完成发 以下情况用一般发去式：  出发 original/originally, first  补补补 补 补 补  发去段发发 以下情况用一般发在发  自然发象  语语语语  语语语语 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

 客事 发发

语语语  continue发个发，发于发发方面有一点特殊性： 1）不用发行发发；2）不用发种以上的发发  发在完成发与发去发：语语语语语语语语语语，就用一般发去发；如果是发去发生的事件语语语语语语 语 语 语 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语，就用发在完成发。有发候在同一个句子里发种发发都可以用，只是表发出来  发去完成发表发的是发去的发去，所以需要与一个发去的发发作发比，也即如果句子里面没有特

语语语语语 A语 in England 位置不好， life 发发 insurance补 在修发发象补 补 补 introduced补 补 life insurance更发being多余 清晰； B语 in England 位置不好， 发发 在修 发发 象 life insurance补 补 补 补 introduced补 补 life insurance更发清晰 语 between … with搭配发发；who typically were多余 C语 补 补 补 补 until the end of the seventeenth century 位 置 不 好 ， 发 放 到 发发 remained 补 补 补 补 introduced补 补 life insurance更发清晰，也使得与其修发发象remained更加接近。 D语 Correct语remain如果像在 B,C中用了 发 去完成 发发 法上并没有 发，只是句意就 imply 补 “ life insurance补 17世发末以后就发了” ，而如果是一般 18世发初了英国的寿 发去发，发 发可能 有可能 发是那发子，因发发个改发不是必发的，所以不一 E语 between … with 搭 配 发发 ； in England 没 有 发 靠 其 修 发 的 名 发 life insurance 语who typically

语语语语语 in the last century语in last century的区发： 参发例 242语 发大全 242. Despite the recent election of a woman to the office of prime minister, the status of women in Pakistan is little changed from how it was in the last century. (A) is little changed from how it was (B) is a little change from how it was (C) has changed little (D) has changed little from how it has been (E) is little changed from the way it was Key: C. last 此发意思 "语语语"语 发 语 语 "语 语 语 ",语 语 语 语 语the，因此要用 语 发在完成发。 语语 Did you see the game on TV last night? 昨天晚上 Interest in golf has grown rapidly in the last ten years. 语语语语

173. The widely accepted big-bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since. A. that the universe began in an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago and has been expanding B. that the universe had begun in an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago and had been expanding C. that the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago that has expanded www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

D. the beginning of the universe to have been an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago that is expanding E. the universe to have begun in an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago and has been expanding 语语语语语 The … theory holds that the universe began in … and has been…

语语语 1. 主系表发发中表发是发主发的描述、发明，因此要搭配合理。

语语语语语 A语 Correct语10 to 20 billion years ago做定发修发instant B语 Had began发发发发， begin是即发发发不能用完成发发，而且只是描述发去某个发发点的事件，不需要 C语 句子仿佛在发 the beginning of the universe补 10 to 20 billion years ago语 语 语 instant，而后来 语 语 语 语 语 instant了，发发上不正确；that has expanded补 补 instant发发 D语 the beginning of the universe to have been的表发 wordy语hold … to have been表发不如发发从 句直接，而且wordy，只有knowned to have done 发 种不得已的 发 候才用 发发 的 发发 ； that is expanding将原句中并列的句子改 is expanding 发从句，改发 发发发发 了原句意思； ，发用发在完成发行发与ever since补 补 E语 had been expanding语holds并列发发 ， begin 发发 上 发发 与 expand语 语 语 hold…to have begun的表

OG12-8 语语语语 Logical predication; Verb form The sentence describes the central tenet of a theory about how the universe began. The focus of the second clause should be consistently on the subject the universe, and all verbs in the clause beginning with that must describe what the universe did at the initial explosive moment. A. Correct. Both verbs in the second clause correctly take universe as their subject. B. Had begun is the wrong tense because it describes action that occurred farther in the past than some other, specifi ed past action. C. The relative clause that has expanded describes instant, which makes no sense. D. The beginning of the universe to have been … is unnecessarily indirect and wordy; illogically suggests that beginning is expanding, not the universe. E. The verb phrases to have begun and has been expanding both reference the same subject of the clause, universe, and therefore need to be parallel. 下划发的发个句子并不矛盾，因 发 that从句前面的 beginning be an instant是主系表 发发 ，所以 that补 补

174. Often major economic shifts are so gradual as to be indistinguishable at first from ordinary fluctuations in the financial markets. A. so gradual as to be indistinguishable B. so gradual so that they can be indistinguishable C. so gradual that they are unable to be distinguished D. gradual enough not to be distinguishable www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

E. gradual enough so that one cannot distinguish them 语语语语语Often major economic shifts are so … as to be…

语语 语 1.

2.

so …that V.S. so … as to be/do的用法： so … that可以用作多个主发发，so前面的主发和that后面的主发可以不一发； so … as to be/do一般用于发一主发，但是不能相隔太发，否发可以发发发发 语语语so … as to事 发 上是三个 发发 的 发 合， so引出的是状 发 ， as指代句子前面的核心含 发 ， to语语 定式引发状发发发(adverbial structure)，此不定式修发的正是前面的核心发发以及发发发的发发主 *语so … as to be/do正确的情况是，so语 语 语 adjective，即：So + ADJECTIVE + as to + VERB 语语 #1 语 Although one link in the chain was demonstrated to be weak, but not sufficiently so to require the recall of the automobile. (incorrect) The official answer is: demonstrably weak, it was not so weak as to require #2 语 Congress is debating a bill requiring certain employers provide workers with unpaid leave so as to care for sick or newborn children. (incorrect) The official answer is: to provide workers with unpaid leave so that they can #3语Several years ago the diet industry introduced a variety of appetite suppressants, but some of these drugs caused such severe stomach disorders as to be banned by the Food and Drug Administration. (incorrect) The official answer is: such severe stomach disorders that they were 补 补 enough语 enough的固定搭配： enough for sb. 发某人来发足发了 enough to do something 足发做某事 发发搭配： (X) enough + ”that / so as to / so to / so that”语 ( 语 语 prep 发法发发 2-94)enough to, so/such…that…, so/such…as to 三 者 都 表 示 发 果 , 补 补 补 补:enough to 表示 主 发发 足 , 在 发 准 发 面 发 中很 少 使用 ; so/such...that 不用考 发发发 主 发发发 ;

语语语语语 A. B. C. D. E.

Correct. 主句发发发主系表发发 so...so that搭配发发 (Incorrect Idiom) able/unable to be done的发发发发 enough偏向于主发判断，不符合 not to be发发发 distinguishable语 境； 语 to be indistinguishable发发 enough so that发发搭配 (Incorrect Idiom)

语语语语 1语 OG10-171. In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage to Queen Catherine annulled so as to marry Anne Boleyn. (A) so as to marry (B) and so could be married to (C) to be married to (D) so that he could marry www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

(E) in order that he would marry Key: D

语语语语语 补 补 so as to语 语 语 So as to语to并不是完全发等的！so as to补 补 补 as发个发发，隔开前后，前面的发发是 参考例发2: 738. The Emperor Augustus, it appears, commissioned an idealized sculptured portrait, the features of which are so unrealistic as to constitute what one scholar calls an “artificial face.” A. so unrealistic as to constitute B. so unrealistic they constituted C. so unrealistic that they have constituted D. unrealistic enough so that they constitute E. unrealistic enough so as to constitute Key: A 语 语 语constitute的发作发出者是features很明确，所以可以用so…as to… constitute语语语linking verb，也可以做 transitive verb，在本发是linking verb. [linking verb, not in progressive] to be considered to be something 语 Failing to complete the work constitutes a breach of the employment contract. 语 The rise in crime constitutes a threat to society. [linking verb, not in progressive] if several people or things constitute something, they are the parts that form it 语 We must redefine what constitutes a family. [T usually in passive] formal to officially form a group or organization 语 The Federation was constituted in 1949. OG的解发： The verbs are and calls indicate that the sculpture is being viewed and judged in the present. Thus, neither the past tense verb constituted (in B) nor the present perfect verb have constituted (in C) is correct; both suggest that the statue’s features once constituted an artificial face but no longer do so. Also, B would be better if that were inserted after so unrealistic, although the omission of that is not ungrammatical. Choices D and E use unidiomatic constructions with enough: unrealistic enough to constitute would be idiomatic, but the use of enough is imprecise and awkward in this context. Choice A, which uses the clear, concise, and idiomatic construction so unrealistic as to constitute, is best.

175. Experts estimate that ten times as much petroleum exists in sources like tar sands, heavy oil, and perhaps even in shale than in conventional reservoirs. A语 sources like tar sands, heavy oil, and perhaps even in shale than www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

B语 sources like tar sands, heavy oil, and perhaps even in shale than are C语 such sources as tar sands, heavy oil, and perhaps even in shale as are D语 such sources as tar sands, heavy oil, and perhaps even shale as E语 such sources as tar sands, heavy oil, and perhaps even shale than 语语语语语Experts estimate that ten times as much petroleum exists in … as in …

语语语 1. as much … as平行发发 固定搭配 2. ten times as much + subject + verb. + prep. phrase + as + (subject + verb.) + prep. phrase固定比发发发。 3. such as表示列发，列发末尾不能跟etc.语like在正式发体里只表示比发，不表示列发，且遵循发格比发 4. N1,N2,and N3语语语and N3前面的逗号作发发发。

语语语语语 A. B. C. D. E.

like在正式发 体里只表示比发，不表示列发，发发 改发such as语as much… than 发发，发发 改 like在正式发 体里只表示比发，不表示列发，发发 改发such as；系发发 are没有与其并列的发，且 In多余，造成such as列发的三个并列成分不平行；系发发are没有与其并列的发，多余 Correct；通发such…as语语语语A,B，通发as much … as语语E，通发such as列发的三个成分并 as much… than发发，发发改发as much … as

176. For at least two decades or more previous to when the Venetian artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo died in 1770, he was the most admired painter in Italy. A. For at least two decades or more previous to when the Venetian artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo died in 1770, he was B. For at least two decades before the Venetian artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo died in 1770, he had been C. For at least two decades or more before the Venetian artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo's dying in 1770, he had been D. When the Venetian artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo died in 1770, for at least two decades previously he was E. When the Venetian artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo died in 1770, having been for at least two decades before that 语语语语语 For at least … before the V artist GBT died, he had been …

语语语 1. 语 语 语 语 语 (1) 语语语语originally, from 1978 to 1985,previously (2) 语 语 语 语 语 since; within/during/over/in+the past/last/recent+ 发 发 短 发 ( 注 意 during/in/over the last year可以用发在发也可以用完成发，取决于当发发生的事情是否 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

(3) 将来发： i. 条件从句 /补 补 补 补 /补 补 补 补 /发步从句不能用将来发或发去将来发，常用一般发在发代替一般将来发，一般发 ii. possibility that…/likelihood that…/expect that…补 ,that从句后用一般将来发 iii. 发准发面发中,发先使用一般将来 ,主发将来 发发用be supposed to do,语语语be going to do,语语be to be doing/be to be done (4) 一般发在发：common: the most common reasons, the common procedure 2. 发去完成发的使用：必发在发发上有发发的发照(不一定会有一般发去发的出发)，来反映出发生在发 3. die发瞬发发发，不能用dying，而且die有自己的名发形式death语 4. When引发发发状发或名发性从句表示“当…的发候”，表示主句事件在发发发发生。

语语语语语 A语 从句用了一般 发 去 发 ，而主句描述的是 发 生在相 发 与从句 发 要早的之前，故主句发发 用 发 去完成 发 B语 Correct语 C语 die有自己的名 发 形式 death，由于before/after等可以作 发发发 ，所以 GBT’s dying语 语 语 语 GBT D语 语A，主句发发发发；一个发发状发分拆发发个的表发非常累发。 E语 没有主 发 和主句；从 E的写法看，是想把When the Venetian artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo died in 1770作发主句（但是前面多了When），而having been作发伴随状发。

177. In her 26 years in the forests of Gombe, Jane Goodall collected data that proved that chimpanzees exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from each one to others by imitating and practicing. A. exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from each one to others by imitating and practicing B. will exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from one to another by imitating and practicing C. will exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from one to another by imitation and practice D. exhibit the kind of curiosity by which new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from one to another by imitation and practice E. exhibit the kind of curiosity where new patterns of behavior and expression are passed on to others by imitation and practice 语 语 语 语 语 In…, JG collected that proved that chimpanzees exhibit the kind of curiosity…

语语语 1. 描述客发事发、科研成果要用一般发在发 2. 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 3. one… the other　只有发个 some… the others语 有三个以上 one… another语another… www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

4. 5.

some… others语others… others = other people/things the others = the rest　剩余的全部 1补 语 语 语 语 语another语 语 2补 一定范发内发人（物），一个用one语 语 语 语 语 the other语 3补 一定范发内三者，一个用one语 语 语 语 语 one 补 another），第三个可用the other语a third语 4补 一定范发内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others语 5补 泛指 发 的人或物 发 ，用 others当在一定范 发 内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部 发 ，也用 By+ doing(by imitating and practicing)语by+noun(by imitation and practice)的区发发 是在 补doing语noun之发 :doing发发名发形式描述的是发作的发生，noun发是发发作的发发描述。 TIP(不做发发 判断原)发 : 原句中如果含有情发发发，一般不可以随意添加、发除、改发，要根据句子发发含发

语语语语语 A. s.v.o. + so that + 情发发发 + v.引发的是目的性状发，用在此发发发发发； imitating and practicing 语 语 imitation语practice 发发相符及发发；from each one to others用法发发 ，泛指群体里发个个 B. Will发发不发，发然will+v.可以表发的某个发作的常常发生(略发发发的味道 )，但此发发 描述科研成 果用一般 发 在 发 更 发 恰当； So that用法不 发 ，同上； imitating and practicing语 语 imitation语 C. Will语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 So that用法不发，同上； D. Correct；本发可以the 从 kind of curiosity语语the推出后面用 so that引发目的或发果状发并不恰当，发外因发 E. Where用法发发，先行发并不是表示地点、位置的名发，所以用where不合适；are在发发上太发发发语

178. Last week local shrimpers held a news conference to take some credit for the resurgence of the rare Kemp's ridley turtle, saying that their compliance with laws requiring that turtleexcluder devices be on shrimp nets protect adult sea turtles. A. requiring that turtle-excluder devices be on shrimp nets protect B. requiring turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting C. that require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets protect D. to require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets are protecting E. to require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting 发目发发Last ： week local shrimpers held a conference …, saying that their compliance … is protecting …

语语语 1. 主发一致 2. 描述法律法发的内容要用 ing分发短发修发，如；除非表发的是法发的目的， laws语 语 语 语 语 to do补

语语语语语 A. requiring后面的表发 wordy；主发是compliance，发发要用发数形式protects B. Correct语is requiring用发在发行发表示当前发本句的发刻发compliance是在保发海发的 C. 描述法律法 发 的内容要用 ing分 发 短 发 修 发 ， that require语 语 语 语 requiring， 发 个角度想： 发 致 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

saying that 后面的 发发 从句不完整，而且意思也不 发 ，意思不是法律 require protect, 而是遵守法 语protect ,requiring只是发明了法律的内容；protect语compliance主发不一致 D. 描述法律法发 的内容要用 ing分发短发修发， to require语 语 语 语 requiring语Protect语compliance语 发不一致，are要改发is E. 描述法律法发的内容要用ing分发短发修发，to require语 语 语 语 requiring

语语语语语语语 法令的内容通常以分 发 引 发 表效力的延 发 性，如 laws, agreement(prep 1-221)语 directive，后面不跟 语语语 语 语 大全 559. One of Ronald Reagan’s first acts as President was to rescind President Carter’s directive that any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States be prohibited from sale to other countries. (A) that any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States be prohibited from sale to other countries (B) that any chemical be prohibited from sale to other countries that was banned on medical grounds in the United States (C) prohibiting the sale to other countries of any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States (D) prohibiting that any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States is sold to other countries (E) that any chemical banned in the United States on medical grounds is prohibited from being sold to other countries Key: C

语语语语 发什么 is protecting 要用发在发(而不是与主句一致用一般发去发)，并发什么用发行发。 1、用了发在发在 GWD 里面有一道发似： GWD-30-Q39 In addition to being China’s first administrators, in the sense that they developed a coherent bureaucracy for their empire, the first literate culture in East Asia were the Shang, and they were well known for crafting ornate bronze ritual vessels. A. the first literate culture in East Asia were the Shang, and they were well known for crafting B. the first literate culture in East Asia were the Shang, well known as the crafters of C. the Shang, as the first literate culture in East Asia, is well known for its crafting D. the Shang were the first literate culture in East Asia and are well known as the crafters of E. the Shang were the first literate culture in East Asia and well known key: D well known as the crafters语 补补补 补 补 补 补 语语 发是发发 were 语 语 语 发发 前面用 语 语语语语语语语其在发发是第一个文字文化，不能成发判断发发的发准。 2. 发何用 is protecting语 语 语 protects 语? Is protecting 更发合适，compliance 是一个发作“合发、遵守”，做某个发作正在发生的效果是保发海 发，发发用 is protecting语

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

179. Unlike George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980, both of whom running as independent candidates, H. Ross Perot's independent run for the presidency in 1992 arose not from an unsuccessful effort to gain a major party nomination but from a desire to establish a viable third party in American politics. A. George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980, both of whom running as independent candidates, B. George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980, each of whom ran as independent candidates, C. George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980, both of which ran as an independent candidate, D. the independent candidates, George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980, E. the independent candidacies of George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980, 语 语 语 语 语 Unlike the independent candidacies of…, H.RP’S independent run… arose not… but …

语语语 1. Unlike/like 前后发接的发发要发称平行 语语语 contrary to：一般接抽象名发(ideas, opinions, or actions)，在句首的发候不需要发发主发 in contrast with ： 后 面 接 具 体 名 发 和 抽 象 名 发 都 可 以 (a difference between people, ideas, situations, things etc)，要求平行 Unlike/like：可接抽象名发和具体名发，需要平行 Similar=like语different from=unlike，但是similar to语different from一般不可放在句首 2. Independent run for the presidency表示“ 独立发发发发发位” = independent candidacy

语语语语语 A. B. C. D. E.

Unlike发接发发不平行；both of whom引发非限定性定从，running语 语 语 语 ran做定从发发。 Unlike发接发发不平行； each语independent candidates发复数不一致。 Unlike发接发发不平行；an independent candidate语both发复数不一致；which语 语 语 语 whom语 Unlike发接发发candidates语run不平行 Correct

180. Noting that the Federal Reserve had raised a key short-term interest rate again last month, analysts said that they expected orders for durable goods to decline soon because rising interest rates makes it more expensive to buy them on credit A. rising interest rates makes it more expensive to buy them on credit B. rising interest rates make buying on credit more expensive

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

C. a rise in interest rates make it more expensive to buy on credit D. a rise in interest rates make buying on credit more expensive E. a rise in interest rates makes it more expensive for them to be bought on credit 语语语语语 Noting that…, analysts said that they expected … because... rates make … more …

语语语 1. 主发一致 2. 发发主发的用法 3. Make短发： Make it adj. to do Make (doing) sth. Adj. Make N1 N2 4. buy on credit语"分期付款 /语语"的固定用法， buy on credit语"分期付款 /语语"的固定发发，buy后面可以不需要发发语 但跟上发发也没有发发

语语语语语 A. rates语makes主 发 不一致； make it more expensive to buy them补 them无所指， 发 法上指代 orders，但发发上发发指代durable goods B. correct；从意合角度可看出：rising interest rates与前面的 again遥相呼发。因发有 again的存在，发 明不是一次利率上发(a rise in interest rates)，借此可以排除C,D,E语by on credit补 补 补 补 C. a rise语make主 发 不一致； make it more expensive to buy on credit 语 语 make buying on credit更发发；从意合角度发rising IRs语a rise in IRs 补 D. a rise语make主发不一致；从意合角度发rising IRs语a rise in IRs 补 E. for them to be bought on credit 不 发发 ， 被 发发发 不 好 ， 且 them 指 代 不 清 ， 发 法 上 指 代 orders，发发上指代orders；从意合角度发rising IRs语a rise in IRs 语语

181. 语语语 The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling the increase of the previous year. A. doubling the increase of B. doubling that of the increase in C. double as much as the increase of D. twice as many as the increase in E. twice as many as the increase of 语语语语语 The number… rose sharply…, doubling the increase of…

语语语 1. 语语语语语doing引发伴随状发或者目的状发 2. 前后句关系平行一致 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

3. 不可数名发，抽象名发不可用many语语 4. AlienX: "of XXX(年份)"补 OG/Prep上常出发, 补 补 of previous year没发发 (http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-373482-1-1.html): prep1#245: In no other historical sighting did Halley's comet cause such a worldwide sensation as in its return of 1910-1911. 5. 注意发个发的含发： 不是 发 ：今年的人数 (total number)在增发以后，是去年增 发 人数（ increase of the previous year)的发倍。 而是发：今年的增发(increase)是去年 (increase)的发倍。 aeoluseros: 发 里 的 double 语"make twice as great"( 语 语 语 语 语 **) 的 意 思 ， 也 就 是 使 increase/growth 发 倍，直发发来就是“今年的人数造成了去年增发人数发 倍的增发 ” . (Explanation from LDOCE: “To become twice as big or twice as much or to make something twice as big or twice as much”) AlienX: 补 补 doubling 补 the increase of the previous year=补 1990语语increase补 the increase of the previous year的基发上倍增. 来看发外一个非常像的句子: P1#242: Retail sales rose 8/10 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter. (7-9月的个人支出造成了前一季度 1.4增发量发 语语语 语 语 ) 同理 , personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter=personal spending in the July-September quarter 语 growth rate 补 the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter的基发上倍增. 6. Double语twice语 语 语 语 语 语 语 predeterminer(语C,D,E语语)，而doubling语语double是作发及物发发 (语A,B语语).

语语语语语 A. Correct； 发 里的 double语"make twice as great"的意思，也就是使increase/growth语语语present participle发发修发前面整个分句。 B. That无指代 发 象，有人 发that是指代 the number，如果是指代the number的 发 ，是累 发 的，所以 that 并 不 指 向 任 何 成 分 ； the increase in previous year 语 语 previous year 语 语 语 ( 发 个 发 发 doesn’t make sense) ， 而 不 是 在 previous year 增 发 ， 发发 用 the increase of the previous year语 C. double语 语 语 语 doubling，发发 划发成分才能修发前面整个分句，double as much as是同位发修 补 补 (appositive modifier)，要 发 接其修发 的内容，在此句子中逗号前不是一个 figure，所以不能用 double as many as 发个发发；即便 as much as能成功修发number也不发，数量发发 用 great补 补 发，发下面发充5语 D. Many用法发发 ，因发the increase语 语 语 语 countable quantity( 发里 the increase语 语 语 语 语 语 个代发 ，而它所指代的发 象就是前面出发发 的内容： the number of the people，而the number of the people是一个表 发 数量的数字而不是可数名 发 ，所以 the increase也不能 发 用 many补 补 补 )语 twice as many as是同位发修发发(appositive modifier)，要发接其修发的内容，在此句子中逗号 语 语 语 语 语 figure，所以不能用twice as many as 发个发发，awkward语(发下面知发点发充1)语the increase in previous year发发。 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

E. Many 用 法 发发 ， 因 发 the increase 语 语 语 语 countable quantity(from Manhattan) 语twice as many as发发使用发发同上。

语语语语语语语语 1. "twice Y" / "X times Y" can definitely be used as an appositive语 2. 注意 doubling the increase of 语 double as much as the increase of是发个完全不同的发发。 3. 补 补 twice as many/much as发发： (http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/the-number-of-people-flying-first-t5600.html) (1) If you say "twice as many", then this construction should be paired with acountable noun. e.g., twice as many dogs --> "dogs" is a countable noun (2) If you said "twice as much", then this construction should be paired with anuncountable noun. e.g., twice as much water --> "water" is an uncountable noun (3) If the noun in question is already an explicitly numerical quantity, then you should use neither "much" nor "many". Instead, you should just use "twice" or "double" by itself. e.g., twice the increase --> "increase" is an explicitly numerical quantity (4) These rules are followed pretty closely. so, for instance: twice as much water --> correct, since "water" is an uncountable noun (but is not an explicitly numerical quantity) twice the water... --> incorrect, since water is not a numerical quantity twice as much as the increase... --> incorrect; redundant twice the increase... --> correct 4. 注意不能看到the increase就 发 定它是不可数的，要用 much来修 发 ，而 发发 看 the increase语语语 语语语 语 5. 补 补 numbers语greater语more搭配的发一道发： OG251. The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970's. . a) extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than b) extinction; its numbers are now five times more than c) extinction, their numbers now fivefold what they were d) extinction, now with fivefold the numbers they had 补 A补 e) extinction, now with numbers five times greater than A, the best choice, uses a singular pronoun, its, to refer to the singular antecedent The gyrfalcon, and it properly uses the construction its numbers are now ... greater than. In B, the construction its numbers are ... more is not idiomatic: there are more birds, but not more numbers. Choices C and D use a plural pronoun, their or they, to refer to a grammatically singular antecedent, The gyrfalcon. Choices D and E wrongly use a phrase introduced by now with to modify The gyrfalcon. In both choices, the phrase confusingly seems to parallel with extinction; a new clause with a present tense verb is needed to state what the gyrfalcon's numbers are now. www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

6. 补 补 补 补 twice as many/much as的发发 ： appositive modifier（同位发修发发）。 不发发 名发，有些形容发也是可以做发appositive modifier的，发种形容发用逗号隔开放在句尾，发 是发发于修发最近的发发（但是不发发）。发发的形容发有different from, (double/twice) as many as 语语 一道来自 Manhattan 的模考发： Antigenic shift refers to the combination of two different strains of influenza; in contrast, antigenic drift refers to the natural mutation of a single strain of influenza. A. influenza; in contrast, antigenic drift refers to the natural mutation of a single strain of influenza B. influenza, different than the natural mutation of a single strain, known as antigenic drift C. influenza, in contrast to the natural mutation of a single strain, known as antigenic drift D. influenza, different than antigenic drift, which refers to the natural mutation of a single strain of influenza E. influenza; in contrast to antigenic drift, which refers to the natural mutation of a single strain of influenza Key: A. 此发里面 D语语different than语 语 语 different from。而即便改发different from，也修发不到 Antigenic shift，因发太发了，需要在different from前面加上and is(其他发发发不考发)语 不发如果前面的成分比发短，不会引起歧发，发个同位发发是可以跳发修发的，比如发个例子： According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979, doubling those reported in the 1977 survey. (A) doubling those reported in the 1977 survey (B) to double the number the 1977 survey reported (C) twice those the 1977 survey reported (D) twice as much as those reported in the 1977 survey (E) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey OA语E。其中 twice补补used cocaine补 补 20 percent of young adults. 7. as many可以当一个数目来用。但是如果发接 twice发发的倍数，发后面要用 as many as，做比发来 语语

182. The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign—using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food. A. using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced B. using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—that has convinced C. by using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing D. by the use of Web sites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings—that convinced E. which used Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing 语 语 语 语 语 The industry has organized a …campaign—using …—that has convinced … www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

to

语语语 1. 破折号在GMAT里的用法：用于插入发，解发发明（代替冒号或分号），发发/发发的中断和发折，反 语语 2. As well as不等同于and，不表示并列关系，而是发重其前面的部分，后面部分发于从属地位。 3. that引发限定性定发从句，in convincing(in doing sth.)是状发。 4. campaign的固定搭配：正确形式发campaign for/against语

语语语语语 A. and also在列发的发候多余，不发在also有发候是作发发发而且不用在列发中不一定多余（and also 发有一种情况下是redundant语语both X and also Y语 语 have语 语 语 语 has B. Correct；原句含发发：发发了一个成功的草根发发--其中用到了网站、公共集会、广发发件--发草根发发… … C. By using发发含发上不等于 using，其表发的是因发通发那三个方式草根发发才是成功的，发个含发 语 语 语 in convincing不做定发 而是状发 ，修发 的是前面分句及前面整个分句的发作 organized，表发 organize语convincing中的一个发作，改发原句合理发发含发。 D. By using发发同C语and不可以发发 as well as语as well as只是一个修发发 ，其使 mass mailings与前发 发的并列关系改发发从属发发，而且并没有 A, B, as well as C的发发；the use of补 补 wordy；用了 convinced一般发去发表示convinced补 补 补 has organized之前，发发含发不合理。 E. Which used发发发发，其使得web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings的使用是发生在 发发之前，发发含发矛盾；in convincing不做定发而是目的状发，改发原句合理发发含发。

183. Despite recent increases in sales and cash flow that have propelled automobile companies' common stocks to new highs, several industry analysts expect automakers, in order to conserve cash, to set dividends more conservatively than they were A. to set dividends more conservatively than they were B. to set dividends more conservatively than they have been C. to be more conservative than they have been in setting dividends D. that they will be more conservative than they were in setting dividends E. that they will be more conservative than they have been to set dividends 语语语语语 Despite …, analysts expect automakers to be more … than they have been in …

语语语 1. Expect的固定搭配： 意发“发料”发： sth. be expected to do/be;指望，期望 it is expected that 发期补 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语补 (prep 1-107) expect to do sth. www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

expect sb./sth. to do sth. expect that expect sth. 意发“想要“发： expect sth. from sb. expect sb. to do sth. 发发用法： sth. be expected for sth. to do(语 语 语 语 for sth.语 语 语 ) sth. be expected that 语 (T-4-Q31) it is expected for stb. to do累发，不如直接用sth. be expected to do/be expect sb. that 语 2. 比 发发发 的比 发发 象要平行： no alternations 语no tense changes 语no nothing(unretriviable omission)语 3. In doing sth. 语 for doing sth. 语语“语语…发方面”的含发； 补to do sth.通常情况下表示目的，可以翻发发：“发了做…”

语语语语语 A. 发发发发to set(表发发发 ，将来发)与系发发 were不平行，发发 是 : to set Div. more conservatively than they have done. B. to set语have been不平行，要b 在een语 语 语 语 setting或改发have set语 语 语 语 语 语 C. Correct语be + adj + in doing something很发口 , e.g. She is very active in posting questions on CD.；发发也很好：to be表示从发在开始的未来，have been 从发去到发在，发发发上没有空缺 D. Expect sb. that搭配发发，只能用expect that语expect sb. to do语were的发发发发 E. 语 语 语 Expect sb. that语 语 D语to set发发，发发改发in setting

184. Japan's abundant rainfall and the typically mild temperatures throughout most of the country have produced a lush vegetation cover and, despite the mountainous terrain and generally poor soils, it has made possible the raising of a variety of crops. A. it has made possible the raising of B. has made it possible for them to raise C. have made it possible to raise D. have made it possible for raising E. thus making it possible for them to raise 语 语 语 语 语 Japan's rainfall and the … temperatures… have produced … and, …, have made it …

语语语 1. 主发发复数 2. 主发一致 3. And前后并列，在文中发have produced… and have made it … www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

4. Make短发： Make it adj. (to do) Make sth. Adj. Make (doing) sth. Adj. Make N1 N2

语语语语语 A. B. C. D.

and前后不平行 (run-on)语it无指代发象。 主发(rainfall and temperatures)发复数，和has主发不一致；them没有指代发象，for them多余 Correct for doing是介发短发，不能用 it指代，而to do是不定式可以做名发性成份并用it指代，所以make it adj. for doing发发，发发是Make it adj. to do E. thus是 发发 因果关系，并不多余； making语have produced 不并列；them没有指代 发 象， for them多余

185. Because the budget package in Congress promises a combination of higher taxes and reduced spending that may slow economic growth, many in the credit markets wonder whether the Federal Reserve will compensate and help the economy by keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even if they push them lower. A. by keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even if they push B. by its keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even by their pushing C. by keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even by pushing D. through their keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even push E. through their keeping interest rates low, or perhaps it will even push 语 语 语 语 语 many … wonder whether the FR will compensate & help … by keeping, or even by pushing…

语语语 1. 2. 3. 4.

Or并列发发 前后要平行发称 发发发于one’s doing 代发指代 through语by的区发：表示“通发做 B补 补 补 语 语 语 )”语语语语by语

A补 A已发做到）”发发 向于 through，表示“通发做 B语A(A语

语语语语语 A. B. C. D.

Or前后不发称；they语 语 语 语 Federal Reserve发发数 Its keeping语 语 keeping发发有效；their指代发发 Correct语or perhaps even前的逗号是发发作用 Their指代 发发 ； one’s doing语 语 doing 发发 有效； Or前后不 发 称； compensate and help语语语 作都未完成，故用through语 语 语 by补

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

E. Their指代发发；one’s doing语 语 doing发发有效；Or前后不发称；through语 语 by补

186. Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britain but only 4 million in population, where many are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north. A. about the same as Great Britain but only 4 million in population, where many B. of about the same size as Great Britain is, but in Laos there is a population of only 4 million, and many C. that is about the same size as Great Britain's land area, but in Laos with a population of only 4 million people, many of them D. comparable to the size of Great Britain, but only 4 million in population, and many E. comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only 4 million people, many of whom 语语语语语Laos has a land area… but a population…

语语语 1. 2. 3. 4.

比发发象要形式发称，性发相同；特发指出文中size语area是可以比的。 land area：土地面发。 发发的发用：发凭逗号是不可以发接发个句子的。 定发从句的关系发发：that/补 补 +which语

语语语语语 A. Land area不可以和 Great Britain不可比；where引发的定发从句修发population发发。 B. is语has不平行；land area语size语语语many无指代发象。 C. 补 补 补 补 wordy，用形容发短发就可以，更加发发 ，而且意思没发少； land area的重复使用也累发语 but后面不成句子，无法与前面平行； with a population of only 4 million补 补 补 补 补 Laos发发，发得 语 语 语 语 Laos语 D. Comparable to the size of Great Britain没有发发 ；only 4 million in population表发不地道； many语 语 语 ；在正式 发 体里面不 发发 用 and many ，而 发发 用 “ , many of whom”，否 发 割裂了 many与前句的关系。 E. correct ； 有 发 法 E 补 people 语 population 是重复表发，但 population 语 people 语 语 语 " 数 量 发 "(the number of people),一个人人群，重心不同，并不重复。注意 popluation补 补 all of the people语a city, town的意思，发数名发。

187. United States Senator Daniel Inouye was appointed to several posts within the Democratic Party during his first term, that included assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee. www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

A. B. C. D. E.

that included which includes including some of which were among them being

语语语语语DI was appointed to several posts……,including……

语语语 1. 定发从句；普通的非限定性定发从句要用 which引发 (个发非限定性定发从句依然用 that引发，但不在 GMAT 考核范 发 之内 )，而限定性定 发 从句要用 that引发。 (关于限定性定 发 从句与非限定性定 发 从句区 发发 07prep发法发发) 2. 发里including并不是做伴随使用，Include语continue都很少有V-ing用法，发里的including是介发。

语语语语语 A语 引发普通的非限定定发从句用which；改发 which语语which与所指的posts相隔太发，也不太好。 B语 根据句意，定发从句发发修发several posts，故发复数，使用 includes发发 ,并且发发上发发发 使用一 语语语语语 which与所指的posts相隔太发，不好。 C语 Correct语including语which included更 发发发 、明确， including介 发 短 发 修 发 前面短 发 的核心 发 posts语 D语 some of which与所指的posts语语语语语 E语 Being语语语among them being修发发象不明确(awkward)，并且无法引发独立主格。

188. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language. A. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are B. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are C. Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are D. Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, E. Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, 语语语语语Ns, having done….., are doing sth.……

语语语 1. 句子完整发发， www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

2. V-ing(present participle)修发（发发发充发明）。 3. aeoluseros发于Having done知发点的发充发明： 1) 不能作发名发发发，因此不能用发发发作主发。 2) 我发定发、状发的理解是发发的：有的发候同一个成分、发发可以做定发，也可以做状发，只要区分 被修发发象与发合发发等分析发发上能不能合理修发就发了，没必要太在意是做定发发是做状发。 也就是发，区不区分定发、状发都可以，关发是要明白定发和状发的功能都是“补 补 ”(有点像发发，不 发我的意思是平发我发一把他发发发“补 补 补 ”，只有在做发目解发的发候才区分一下)语 prep1-188 语语A 语语"having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood"，你可以把发个成分理解成 状发，也可以理解发定发，修发的都是 Neuroscientists 发个主体或发个主体发出的发作，只要你 补 having 看做定发和状发发，句意理解起来是一发的，那么就没有歧发发发。 补 prep1-97语Industrialization and modern methods of insect control have improved the standard of living around the globe while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having gone virtually unregulated since they were developed more than 50 years ago.发里面 having 可能修发 pollutants语 也 可 能 修 发 they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants 语语语 句，所以 having 发生了修发歧发 3) having done 可以做非限定性修发，不能做限定性修发。 语语语语语语语语语语语语语 having done 语语语语语语语语语语语 The perfective aspect cannot usually be expressed in the finite clause: wrong: The man having won the race is my brother. correct: The man who has won the race is my brother. 语 语 语 语 .语 语 语 语 ing 分发形式(having done)作发限制性的修发是不可以的，但是可以作发非 限制性的修发。 4) having done 短发中所表发的内容发生在主句发作之前 5) When having done 发发一定发发，因发不发发有 when。发是 Having done 语语语语Have 语 语 多地方与正牌发发不同，When 语 语 语 语 语 having 了。原因是 having done 是发去，而 when 是当 发 ，所以有冲突。（同理的 after/before A do sth. when B do sth. 语 语 after/before when，发发的发发都是不好的。） 4. a wealth of 大量的

语语语语语 A. Correct语 B. 句子发发不完整，and前半分句没有发发发发；over the past twenty years发发修发 adulthood C. having amassed补 补 补 amassing发发上发生发化，即 amass发生的发发有发化，使得发发不合理 语 句子发发不完整，and前半分句没有发发发发；over the past twenty years发发修发 adulthood D. drawing语 语 语 have amassed的直接 发 果，所以不能以 发 在分 发 短发 伴随修发 （发 解发发 充 发 明 3语语 E. 语D

OG12-21 语语语语语语 Grammatical construction; Logical predication This sentence introduces the subject (Neuroscientists), pauses to explain what neuroscientists have accomplished in the past twenty years, and then concludes by www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

explaining what neuroscientists are presently doing as a result of their past accomplishments. The second part of the sentence—the explanation—interrupts the flow of the sentence from the subject (Neuroscientists) to the predicate (are now drawing solid conclusions …); it should therefore be bracketed by commas. The sentence construction should provide a main verb for the subject neuroscientists. A. Correct. Th e explanatory phrase between the subject and predicate is set off by commas, and the main clause contains both a subject (Neuroscientists) and a corresponding verb (are now drawing). B. And are indicates that are follows a previous verb, but in fact the sentence has not yet provided a first main verb for the subject Neuroscientists; the sentence is therefore incomplete; over the … years appears to be modifying adulthood. C. Amassing, like having amassed, functions as an adjective, not a verb; the sentence therefore lacks the first main verb implied by the compound verb construction and are now drawing. … D. The final descriptor in present tense, now drawing conclusions … does not fit the opening clause, which is in present-perfect tense ( have amassed a wealth …) and seems to modify adulthood. E. Like D, this sentence attempts to attach a present-tense descriptor to a present-perfect clause.

语语语语语 V-ing(present participle)补 补 V-ing发发在句子中可以做定发，状发。 1) 放在句子末尾发（逗号隔开），如果前面是主发发发发 ，如果同发发发 上与主句搭配合理， V-ing语 发作状发，作发： 1 伴随发作，表与主句发发同发发生的发作 2 伴随发果，表主句发作发来的发果。 此发注意其发发主发的判断：其所修发分句的发作发出者。 2) 如果前面是主系表发发（逗号隔开），由于系发发是一个状发不存在“被伴随”，但是 V-ing发发依然修 发的是整个主系表发发，所以后面的 V-ing发发也可以被解发发修发前面的名发成分 —主发（如果发 发 是名 发 ，也一同修 发 ，因 发 主系表 发发 中主发 和发发 所指是同一事物 --补 OG10-39, OG11-24语语 语 语 语 语 C的解发）。 语 语 OG10-39 For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears. A. a method to protect B. as a method protecting C. protecting D. as a protection of E. to protect OG10-39 语语语语语语 C 语语语语语语语 Choice C is best because the participle protecting begins a phrase that explains what the shields did. Choices A and B awkwardly use the singular word method to refer to items of military equipment rather than to the use of such items. Also, a method of protecting would be more idiomatic than a method to protect in A or a method www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

protecting in B. In B and D, as is incorrect; also, a protection in D has no noun for which it can logically substitute. Choice E is incomplete; used to protect would have been acceptable. OG11-24 语语语语语语 C 语 E 语语语语语语 Logical predication + rhetorical construction The underlined part of the sentence begins a phrase describing items of military equipment. It is awkward and inaccurate to describe items as a method. Replacing the underlined phrase with the participle protecting creates a modifying phrase that clearly explains the purpose of the items of military equipment. A A method to protect is an awkward reference to items B The singular a method should not refer to the plural items, as a method protecting is not idiomatic C Correct. In this sentence, protecting properly introduces a modifying phrase revealing the purpose of the items. D Beginning the phrase with as is incorrect; using the noun form protection creates wordiness E The infinitive to protect cannot act as an adjective modifying items; the participial form of the verb, protecting, is required The correct answer is C.

3) 发在分发在句尾用逗号隔开，必发要注意的一点是发个发发从来都没有失去发 “做定发 ”的功能，只是 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 OG发本发的解发里： 语语OG12-21 Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language. (A) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are (B) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are (C) Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are (D) Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, (E) Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, 补 OG语D语(语 语 语 语 语 Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.) 语 语 语 : The final descriptor in present tense, now drawing conclusions.... does not fit the opening clause, which is in present-prefect tense(have amassed a wealth)and seems to modify adulthood. OG语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 drawing语 语 语 语 语 语 adulthood的。 ***Notice语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 OG语D 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 “ 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 ” 语 语 语 语 drawing语语 have amassed语语语语语 ，所以无法drawing语语语have amassed的伴随发果（发在分 发做伴随起到伴随发作和伴随发果发种功能，前者表示与主句发作同发发生，后者需要是主句发作的 直接发果。当被修发主句已发是完成发发，那么后面的发在分发本身就不可能再与主句发作发生在同 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

一发刻，所以无法以 “伴随发作”的身份出 发，只可能行使 “伴随发果”的功能）。再如下 发就很好地 发 明了发在分发可以伴随修发完成发发，行使伴随发果的功能语 OG12-94 The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation’s air-traffic control system, to lead to 55 percent more delays at airports, and prompts fears among some officials that safety is being compromised. (A) to lead to 55 percent more delays at airports, and prompts (B) leading to 55 percent more delay at airports and prompting (C) to lead to a 55 percent increase in delay at airports and prompt (D) to lead to an increase of 55 percent in delays at airports, and prompted (E) leading to a 55 percent increase in delays at airports and prompting 解析：Parallelism; Diction 补 The intent of the sentence is to show two effects of the surge in flights. These effects should be stated in parallel ways, instead of the construction to lead … and prompts … used in the original sentence. Using participial phrases introduced by leading and prompting solves this problem. The phrase 55 percent more delays is not as clear as the phrase a 55 percent increase in delays. A. To lead and prompts are not parallel; 55 percent more delays is not clear. B. 55 percent more delay is unclear. C. To lead and prompt are not parallel; the meaning of 55 percent increase in delay is not clear. D. Participial phrase introduced by leading is preferable to the unclear infinitive phrase to lead to; an increase of 55 percent in delays is awkward and wordy. E. Correct. Leading and prompting are parallel in this sentence; the phrase a 55 percent increase in delays is clear and concise.

189. (OG12-123) She was less successful after she had emigrated to New York compared to her native Germany, photographer Lotte Jacobi nevertheless earned a small group of discerning admirers, and her photographs were eventually exhibited in prestigious galleries across the United States. A. She was less successful after she had emigrated to New York compared to B. Being less successful after she had emigrated to New York as compared to C. Less successful after she emigrated to New York than she had been in D. Although she was less successful after emigrating to New York when compared to E. She had been less successful after emigrating to New York than in 语 语 语 语 语 Less successful after, photographer LJ earned…., and her photographs were……

语语语 句子发发 ，比发发发 象等 1. Less补 补 than搭 配，不能与 www.chasedream.com

(as) compared to搭配。 25

ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

2. Run-on sentence. aeoluseros语语run-on sentence知发点的发充发明： 找很 发 多解发，包括一些发法发(语语语语语语)、百度，始发发 得措辞上不合适，不发在一本手册上发于看到了发意的解发： run-on sentence 语语语语 发写句指发发地将发个独立分句合写在一个句子里面没有正确地用发点分离。 发写句有发种发型： 语语语(fused sentence)：根本不使用发点把发个独立分句合写在一个句子里 语语语语(comma splice):使用逗号但没有并列发发将发个独立分句写在一个句子里。 BTW: 语语语语语语语语"语语"，其发发的是"语语"，都属于"语语"补 语run-on sentence的重点在于其改正方法： 1补 分发发个句子 2补 用一个逗号加上and, but, or或者其他并列发发 3补 发个句子中发使用分号 This sentence compares the success J experienced after moving to New York to the success she had previously experienced in Germany. The phrase less successful anticipates the conclusion of the comparison with the phrase than… . The main subject of the sentence is photographer LJ , and the main verb is earned . The opening clause She was less successful…. Therefore creates a comma splice if the comma is not followed by a conjunction. The most efficient way to incorporate the information about J’s comparative successes in Germany and in New York is to turn the clause into an adjectival phase describing J. (FROM OG12)

语语语语语 A语 Less successful… anticipates than rather than compared to… ; a comma is insufficient to join two independent clauses into a single sentence. B语 As compare to is an incorrect way to complete the comparison introduced by less; being… is unnecessarily wordy and awkward. C语 Correct. D语 When compared to is an incorrect phrase to complete the comparison introduced by less. E语 A comma is insufficient to join two independent clauses into a single sentence; pastperfect tense is misleading, since it refers to J’s experience in New York, which in fact followed her experience in Germany.

190. The thirteen original British colonies in North America, some formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, each had a written charter that set forth its form of government and the rights of the colonists. A. some formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, each had a written charter B. some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all of which had written charters www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

C. some that formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, all had written charters D. with some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all had a written charter E. with some formed as commercial ventures, while others as religious havens, each had a written charter 语语语语语The thirteen…., some…, others…, each…

语语语 1. 独立主格，表示伴随，所以必发修发主发发发发，而非主系表发发。 独立主格三种形式： 1)一般形式（独立部分与主句部分无太多关发） n.+n.语n.+V-ed/v-ing语n.+语 语 语 /语 语 语语语语 2)with形式（与主句主发有发密的发发 关系）： with+语语+发发，如：with+n.+v-ed/v-ing/to do/语 语语语/语 语 语 语 语 (注意可以用 with + noun. + to do的形式，用不定式表示了一个将来的发作) 3)each形式（必发前面有复数名 each+v-ed/v-ing语each+语 发）： 语 语 语 /语 语 语 语 语 语 each+n.+语 语 语 语 *语with型独立主格在GMAT中常常被判累发。 2. 固定搭配 some…others 3. set forth 语语, 语语, 提 出, 发列 , 补 补

语语语语语 A. Correct 语 some formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens 做 发 the thirteen original British colonies in North America的同位发；略去中发同位发，代发each跟 在复数 语语the thirteen original British colonies in North America后起发发作用。 B. Being语 语 语 all语语语语its 发复形式不发一；全句缺少发发发发 C. some that formed补 补 补 some在定发从句中做主发，主发行使 form语语语语语all语语语语its 发复形式不 发一 D. with的存在使得some语 语 语 语 语 colonies，而是与colonies语语语语语语all语语语语its发复形式不发一；发 语with并没有发心修发的歧发，因发all/each补 colonies是同一发发西，所以向前向后修发发发 上都一 发（发心修 prep 发 发 1-207发充发明）。 E. with的存在使得some语 语 语 语 colonies，而是与colonies语语语语语语while多余，因 发 后面的 others as religious havens中没有发发发发 ，while必发(如果有 省 发发发发发 Some 不能省，如 cleaned the windows, while others mopped the floor)补

191. The loan company announced it would soon lend money to borrowers with proven records of their not paying back their loans on time, collectively known as the subprime lending market. A. of their not paying back their loans on time, B. of not paying back their loans on time, a group C. of not paying back their loans on time, with such a group D. that they do not pay back their loans on time, www.chasedream.com

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E. that they do not pay back their loans on time, such a group 语 语 语 语 语 loan company announced (that)…borrowers with proven records of …, a group known as…

语语语 1. 同位发：同位发由 unrestricted adjectival phrase而来，同位发的修发发 象：名发或名发短发或代 语 1）、同位发发的特征 (1) 起修发发的作用,语语语语语语语语语语语语语 ；“解发的是整个名发，不是名短中某个发”，故 语语语语 语语语语语语补 (2) 必发发其修发发象具有解发力； (3) 位置：名发前或名发后，一般在修发发象的后面； (4) 不影发主发一致（发发发发和主发保持一致，而不是和同位发）； (5) 同位发发中名发的数可以和其修发发象的数不一致。 2)、同位发发的形式 (1) 名发性同位发：名发解发名发。（以下三种，第二个 n.后可以跟修发发） i. N., n.; ii. n., a/an + n.语 a/an + n., n.; iii. the + n., n.语语语语 the + n 补 补 补 补 补 补 (2) 内容具体化同位发发：抽象名发（ theory/evidence/belief/principle补 +that 语语语that 从句发抽象名发发行具体化解发（注意与 of 发发的区发）， that 从句部分才是同位发。 (that 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 that 语语语语 that 语语) (3) 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语/语语语n. +that/doing/done... (4) 名发重复性同位发发：n,n（重复所修发的名发）+that 定发从句 (5) 代发代替性同位发发：n,one/ones+that 定发从句 3)、同位发从句 有很多名发后可以跟 that 引起的从句，发明其内容，可以称作同位发从句。 He referred to Copernicus’s statement that the earth moves round the sun. 有发同位发从句可以和同位的名发分开。 （其发是同位发从句太发后置） The rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 在少数情况下也可用发接副发（代发）引起的从句作同位发。 He had no idea why she left. 2. Proven records：良好发发 3. Records of sth. 固定搭配，比records that发发地道。

语语语语语 A语 of their not paying back their loans表发不发发，第一个 their累发；未划发部分的known语语loans 不合理 B语 correct；本 发 关 发 在于 发发 出逗号后面成分的修 发发 象 -- borrowers的同位 发 必 发 是 a group语语 理，。 C语 With引发独立主格，其发发主发发it语 语 语 company），发发不合理；such无所指，发发且多余。 D语 定发从句在发里表发不发发地道；未划发部分的known语语loans不合理 E语 定发从句在发里表发不发发地道；such无所指，发发且多余。 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

语语语语语 1. 语语A发发中的they的分析： with引发一个形容发性介发短发，我发可以发发发have语语: borrowers have proven records of not paying back their loans on time语... 发比 : borrower have proven records that they do not pay back their loans on time,... 可以发发整句就发么一个主发，没有必要再次发发主发they.

192. In 1988, the Council on Economic Priorities began publishing Shopping for a Better World, with the simple thesis of consumers having the power to change companies by the simple expedient of refusing to buy. A. with the simple thesis of consumers having B. which had the simple thesis of consumers having C. where the thesis was simple: consumers having D. with a thesis that is a simple one: consumers have E. whose thesis was simple: consumers have 语 语 语 语 语 the Council began publishing SFBW, whose thesis was simple 语 consumers have…

语语语 定于从句，同位发从句，句子发发 1. with型独立主格做伴随状发，修发前面分句，亦可以称修发前面发发发发与主发。

语语语语语 A语 补 with引 发 的非限定性短 发 做伴随状 发发发 ，而事 发 上， thesis语Shopping for a Better World语语 发的主发，不能作发前面整句发的伴随；thesis补 补 补 of不好，thesis发成了某一发consumers，而合理 特定的 含发上发发是一个 thesis发发是某个发象，因此要改发that语语(同位发从句 )，或者用冒号来引出从句 B语 thesis发发用同位发从句修发， thesis of sb. doing sth.补 补 补 thesis的核心只是sb.语 语 语 语 语 ”sb 做某事” C语 关系代发where指向Shopping for a Better World不恰当；冒号后发然可以用名发短发，但此发冒 号后核心意思发成了consumers语 语 语 语 ”consumers怎么怎么发 ”，发发含发不符。 D语 with的发发同A语a thesis that is a simple one语语语 E语 correct语thesis语 语 语 语 ”发客有… … 的能力 ”

193. New equipment and other improvements reduced the amount of time—from eleven hours in 1982 to six in 1988—needed by workers so that they could produce a ton of steel.

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

A. B. C. D. E.

needed by workers so that they could produce needed when workers are producing workers need in producing workers needed to produce workers need for their producing of

语语语语语A reduced the amount of time workers need for doing sth. …

语语语 1. 定发从句：如果关系代发that在定发从句中做发发成分,语 语 语 语 that一般都要省略。 2. Need 的固定搭配： need sth. for sth. need sth to do

语语语语语 A. time needed by workers 发发，工人”做什么”需要的发发没有写明；so that +情发发发表示目的， 整句的含发是：新器材把工人需要的发发发少了发了工人可以生发一吨煤，发发上不合理； they语 语 workers没有发发 B. when扭曲了句子原本要表发的意思，成了 发发 状 发 表示特定 发发 下才 need，同 发 工人 ”做什么”补 补 的发发 没有写明（发然不是生发a ton of steel，而是在生发a ton of steel中的某一个发发所需要的 发发）； are与主句的发发不一致 C. need与主句发发不一致；need sth. in doing语语语语 D. correct E. 发发不一致；for their producing累发，不如to produce发发有效。

194. Whereas the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed and cannot be retracted from the skin, because the yellow jacket has a comparatively smooth stinger, it is therefore able to be pulled out and used again. A. because the yellow jacket has a comparatively smooth stinger, it is therefore able to be pulled out and used B. the comparative smoothness of the yellow jacket’s stinger allows them to pull it out and then can therefore use it C. the yellow jacket’s stinger is comparatively smooth, and can therefore be pulled out and used D. in comparison, the yellow jacket’s stinger is smooth, and thus able to be pulled out and used E. in comparison, the yellow jacket has a smooth stinger, thus allowing it to be pulled out and used 语 语 语 语 语 Whereas the HBS is barbed and cannot be retracted…, YJS is smooth and can…

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

语语语 1. 句子完整发发 (发合前面提到run-on) 的 1) S+V1+O1 and V2+O2.是很常发的发发. and 之后的主发是 S, 可是被省了. 2) S+V1+O1, and pronoun(语 语 S)+V2+O2. 也是很常发的发发. 语 语 语 and 之后用 pronoun 语 语 S 作主发是因发 and 语 S 的距离太发. 3) S+V1+O1 and pronoun(语 语 S)+V2+O2. 补 OG10 补补 run-on sentence，但如果发发 个主发 发的并列是同在一个分句里（而发个分句又与句子的其他成分并列），发发发的发发也是允发的。 4) 语语 S+V1+O1, and V2+O2.语语语and 前并不发常发出逗号，通常 and 前发出逗号是因发前面是 插入发一定需要逗号，或者是发了发句子发发 更发清晰，比如前面是定发从句，防止第二个发发 语语V2 与定发从句中的发发并列；又比如本发的 C 发发加了逗号，the yellow jacket’s stinger is comparatively smooth, and can therefore be pulled out and used语used 补 pulled 语语语语 成发平行，发者发成的小发体又和前面的 is 平行，如果都发着写，那么会发发 者一个 is 补 used 补 行的印象（发然我发并不一定会那么发，但是加了逗号更发清晰了）。 **: 要提醒的一点是，GMAT 中逗号不会作发判断一个发发正确与否的唯一考点。 2. can 补 be able to 的区发: You can say that somebody is able to do something, but can is more usual. Bau can has only two forms: can and could. So sometimes it is necessary to use be able to. For instance: I will be able to get the car in a week. 就是发不需要从意思上（能力发是可能性）加以区分，只要注意发发和发称的角度看发个更合适就行。 **: can 补 be able to 在与主发搭配发发上没有发发的情况下(如主发都是”补”，而不是物)，可以平行。

语语语语语 A语 whereas表示发比，但前后分句发发 上无法形成发比(because从句也属于发心修发)语 补 补 补 补 补 补 发部分用的是cannot，后面用 can更加呼发 be ； able to be done语语语it指向yellow jacket语语 B语 the comparative smoothness of语 语 语 语 (形容发形式发发于名发形式)，且与前面不发称；them 语 语 语 语 语 use的发作发出者发smoothness语语 C语 correct ； 从 形 合 上 直 接 判 断 C 也 是 最 好 的 ： whereas honeybee’s stinger is barbed, yellow jacket’s stinger is smooth语cannot be retracted补 can be pulled out。注意！形合意合的方法是 迅速解决发发的一大技巧。发外发有一发意合点： comparatively补 补 补 heavily的发称，可以直接排除 B,C,D补 D语 In comparison 补 whereas 发发重复；因发前面未划发部分用的是cannot，后面用 can更加呼发。 E语 In comparison 补 whereas 发发重复；划发部分与前面未划发部分不发称，ineffective补

195. (GWD-7-Q13) Like the grassy fields and old pastures that the upland sandpiper needs for feeding and nesting when it returns in May after wintering in the Argentine Pampas, the sandpipers vanishing in the northeastern United States is a result of residential and industrial development and of changes in farming practices. A. the sandpipers vanishing in the northeastern United States is a result of residential and industrial development and of changes in B. the bird itself is vanishing in the northeastern United States as a result of residential

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

and industrial development and of changes in C. that the birds themselves are vanishing in the northeastern United States is due to residential and industrial development and changes to D. in the northeastern United States, sandpipers’ vanishing is due to residential and industrial development and to changes in E. in the northeastern United States, the sandpipers’ vanishing, a result of residential and industrial development and changing 语语语语语Like the grassy fileds and old pastures…, the birds are vanishing…

语语语 1. 语语语like/unlike的发比双方需要遵循发格发性、功能等的平行。 2. Due to 可 以 用 attributed to 语 caused by 替 代 来 发 衡 发发 上 是 否 合 理 ， 其 次 due to 语 similar to语differing from等有形容发性发的介发，GMAT中一般不能出发在句首。 aeoluseros语语语语语 1补 due to 一般作发复发介发与 owing to 同发。然而有些人发发 due 在发发合中是形容发，因此反发 下句中的用法，因发它发背了无发发分句的依附发发： Due to bad weather, classes have been cancelled today. 那些人发发下句是可以的：Cancellation of classes today is due to bad weather. 语语 GMAT 发法的发格性，due to 也不发发被放在句首。 2补 due to 补 attribute, caused by 的意思。 Due to means"cause by". It shoud only be used if it can be substitued with "caused by". It doed not mean the same thing as "because of", Incorrect: The game was postponed due to rain. Correct: The game was postponed because of rain. Correct: The game's postponement was due to rain.

语语语语语 A. the sandpipers vanishing 的中 心 发 是 sandipipers 不是一个result 语vanishing 只是修 发发 ， 且 sandipipers语语语语is主发不一致 B. correct；就像草原和牧发，sandpiper itself 在消失like 的比发发象很平行 C. that引发的名发性从句描述的是一个事件与the grassy fields and old pastures不发等 D. sandpipers’ vanishing补 补 补 the grassy fields and old pastures不 发 等。由于 like/unlike的比发相 发发 格，所以 比 发发 象 发 尽可能接 近 ，所以 把 in the northeastern United States 放在中 发 很 awkward E. the sandpipers’ vanishing补 补 补 the grassy fields and old pastures不发等；主句不完整，缺少发 语语development补 changes平行，不与 practices补补

语语语语语 1. 注意 发里未划 发 部分 the grassy fields and old pastures的定 发从句 that the upland sandpiper needs语语that没有省略，因发that后面成分发于复发，加入that句子发发更发清晰。 2. 注意未划发部分it的提示，数的发复。 3. Change语n语语语语Change in语 Change of语 Change from A to B www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

196. (T-9-Q26) (OG12-11) There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used method has been the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid in the wall in mud mortar. A. the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid B. forming the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them C. having bricks formed from mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they were laid D. to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them E. that bricks were formed from mud or clay, which, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, were laid 语语语语语… the most extensively used method has been to do sth. and to do sth.…

语语语 1. 平行考得非常发重的一个发 2. 语语语 (1) Aim, goal, intention, objective, function, way, method, purpose + be + to do 语 语 语 语 用的发是method of doing/for doing (2) Use, cite, function, regard, think/conceive of, view, act + as (3) Consider, deem, make, call, find, elect+语语+语语

语语语语语 A. the method补 the forming不发等； the forming of bricks out of mud or clay补 they are laid in the wall in mud mortar不平行；they语 语 语 语 B. forming the mud or clay into bricks补 to lay them不平行 C. having bricks formed from mud or clay, they were laid不平行 D. Correct；本发 主考平行； several ways可以与there be语语语A method is to do X and to do Y语 语语语语and后面加上逗号的表发并不常发，从本发可发GMAT接受发发的用法 (prep1-247也出发发似用法) E. Which指代发发，它无法跨越发发发发指向bricks；一般发去发发发

OG12-11 语语语 The purpose of the sentence is to describe the historically most popular method of building walls. The first clause announces this topic and the second clause describes the particular method. The clearest, most efficient way to accomplish these two pieces of business is to use a parallel structure.The ways to build in the first clause is narrowed to the single way to form and to lay in the second clause. There is no need to alternate the verb phrases between active and passive voice or to shift tenses. A. The active gerund phrase the forming of bricks does not fi t with the passive verb

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

B. C. D. E.

phrase that follows (they are laid). The verb phrases forming the mud … and to lay them are not parallel. In addition to faulty parallelism between having bricks formed and they were laid, the tense in the second half of the sentence unaccountably shifts from present to past. Correct. The phrases to form and to lay in the second clause are parallel to to build in the first clause. The relative clause beginning with which apparently (but nonsensically) describes the closest nouns, mud or clay, rather than bricks.

197. (GWD-8-Q20) Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also caused erosion and very quickly deforested whole regions. A. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also B. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast), which gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also C. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States, creating farmland (especially in the Northeast) and giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also D. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States created farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also E. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States not only created farmland (especially in the Northeast), giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it 语语语语语The systematic clearing of forests did sth.…,but it also…

语语语 1. 语语语语语not only…but also，参发本发后发充发明所摘发的Zeldaw里程碑式的帖子: 2. 语语语语语 如果你一眼看出发个句子考 not only语but also于是开始找答案，恭喜你，又上当了。 做发的发候要弄清楚句子的意思是发发发 是发折 ,如果是发发not only...but also 没发发,如果是发折 的发,就要考发一下是否是GMAC的陷发了, but/but also才是表示发折的意思.

语语语语语 A. not only 位于句首发，所引发的句子要用倒装，give 补 create 语and 发接的发个并列成分，而发发已 发被did 提前，只能用原形，所以发里 gave 语语But it also 在此没有发，例发本发后发充的大全 354补 B. Which 定 发 从句修 发 farmland， 发发 意 发发发 ，是 systematic clearing 语语 consumers houses www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

and furniture语 语 语 farmland补 C. But also 之前分句缺发发 D. Correct语But it also 语语语语语语语语 systematic clearing 既发来了好发西，也发了坏发西， also 的使用语 精 妙 。 E. Giving 语语created, 改 发 了 原 来 的 句 意 ： 并 列 的 发 个 发 作 ； Not only…but… 也 可 以 ， 例 发 大 全 189语241.

语语语语语 Zeldaw 的帖子摘发如下： 语语 not only...but also...----语 GWD8-20 语语语语 语语 GWD8-20, 以前的 NN 发发的的太好了 ,可是藏的太深,很多人都看不发, 后来又看了好些的帖子,,收益良多 .语 语 我把大家发点发发一下 , 语语 Not only…..but (also)表示的关系是发发, 补补 also 可以省略 But/but also 表示的是发折. 语 but also 补, ring_cheng 补补 also 不属于重复, 所以发当保留.发发点尚 语语语. not only ...but also 表示并列，不能表示 发 折，不要有先入发 主的感发发发 not only...but also 语 发一起出发。发独出发 but also 是可能的，此发表示的是发折，参发大全 74 All-terrain vehicles have allowed vacationers to reach many previously inaccessible areas, but they have also been blamed for causing hundreds of deaths, injury to thousands, and seriously damaging the nation’s recreational areas. (A) deaths, injury to thousands, and seriously damaging (B) deaths and injuring thousands, and serious damage to (C) deaths, thousands who are injured, as well as seriously damaging (D) deaths and thousands of injuries, as well as doing serious damage to 补D补 (E) deaths, thousands are injured, and they do serious damage to 语语 not only…but also.. 的用法 ,我根据前人的发言并 GMAT 发合的思路挑出了发几条: 1.语语语语语语: not only … but also 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 Not only Mr Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago. （发接发个主发） I not only play tennis but also practise shooting. （发接发个发发发发） He plays not only the piano but also the violin. （发接发个发发） 语语语语语语: 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语not only...but it also...语语语语语语语语语语语语语补 如大全中： 125.The winds that howl across the Great Plains not only blow away valuable topsoil, thereby reducing the potential crop yield of a tract of land, and also damage or destroy young plants. (A) and also damage or destroy (B) as well as damaging or destroying (C) but they also cause damage or destroy (D) but also damage or destroy补D补 (E) but also causing damage or destroying Choice D, the best answer, correctly employs the correlative construction not only x but also y, where x and y are grammatically parallel and where both x and y (damage and destroy) apply to young plants. Choices A, (not only... and also), B (not only... as well as), and C (not only... but they also) violate the not only... but also paradigm. Moreover, B www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

contains terms (blow... damaging) that are not parallel. In C and E, damage is used not as a verb with young plants as its direct object but as a noun receiving the action of cause; consequently, these choices fail to state explicitly that the damage is done to young plants. E also violates parallelism (not only blow... but also causing) 2. not only … but also 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. / Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan. 3. not only … but also 语语语语语语语语语语语语 语语 They don't fear not only hardship but also death. 语语 They fear neither hardship nor death. 语语 They don't fear either hardship or death. 4. not only … but also 语语语语语语语语语 not only 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 Not only does the sun give us light, but also it gives us heat. Not only did he speak English correctly, but he also speaks it fluently. 《新发英发发 法》薄冰 P633语Not only does he compose music, but he also plays./ Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate it into sounds. 《新发英发发法》章振邦 1005语She was not only compelled to stay at home, but she was also forbidden to see her friends 英发发 法大全上的例句是 : Not only did they break into his office and steal his books, but they also tore up his manuscripts. 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语,but also 语语语语语语语语语. 发里附上 ring_cheng 语语语:语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 not only did sb do sth, but sb also did sth 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 not only 语 语语语语语语语语语语语 but also 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语.语语语 354 语 but also 语语语+语语语语语: 354.In 1978 a national study found that not only had many contractors licensed by a self-policing private guild failed to pass qualifying exams, they in addition falsified their references. A. they in addition falsified their references B. they had their references falsified in addition C. but they had also falsified their references D. they had also falsified their references补C补 E. but their references were falsified as well not only…but also…语语语语语 -- aeoluseros 1. not only … but also …并不发是发么发称、完整地出发地，以下几种发体也发 GMAT 所接受： (1) not only … but … (2) not only … also… (3) not only … , … as well (GMAT 发可度待定) Evidence: OG11-52. The winds that howl across the Great Plains not only blow away valuable topsoil, thereby reducing the potential crop yield of a tract of land, and also damage or destroy young plants. (A) and also damage or destroy (B) as well as damaging or destroying (C) but they also cause damage or destroy www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

(D) but also damage or destroy (E) but also causing damage or destroying key: D 补补 OG 语 A 发发 的解 发发 ： And also is not the correct idiom; not only is followed by but also or also.  语语 GMAT 官方发not 可 only…also…的用法。 prep 1-147 By pressing a tiny amount of nitrogen between two diamonds to a pressure of 25 million pounds per square inch, scientists were able not only to transform the gas into a solid but to create a semiconductor similar to silicon.  补 补 GMAT 官方发可 not only…but…的用法。 **语语语语语语语语语 (1) LONGMAN语not语 not only ... (but) also ... --> 语语语语语语语语语. * Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor. not only do/will/can etc *Not only do the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.  not only … as well … (2) 语语语语语not语 not only...(but) also (used to emphasize the addition of sb/sth 语语语语语语语语语语语[某事物]): * Not only the grandparents were there but also the aunts, uncles and cousins. * He not only writes his own plays, he also acts in them. (3) AHD语not语 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 not only 语语语 also 语语语语语 He not only wanted the diamond but wanted it desperately. (4) Cambridge语not only语 http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/only_4#only_4__3 not only ... (but) also used to say that two related things are true or happened, especially when this is surprising or shockingNot only did he turn up late, he also forgot his books. If this project fails it will affect not only our department, but also the whole organization. (5) 语语语 LONGMAN 里发 only，有发么一条：not only ... but (also) at not. 2. 语语语语 not verb...but verb...语语语are...but are...语语语语语语语语 not 语语语语语. Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natural selection, favored due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments. (A) due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are (B) due to the reproduction or survival they enhance, but they are (C) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but (D) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but are (E) because of enhancing reproduction or survival, but are key语D … many biological traits are not the products…, but are simply random…

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

198. (GWD-1-Q23) Past assessments of the Brazilian rain forest have used satellite images to tally deforested areas, where farmers and ranchers have clear-cut and burned all the trees, but such work has not addressed either logging, which is the removal of only selected trees, as well as surface fires, burning down individual trees but do not denude the forest. A. which is the removal of only selected trees, as well as surface fires, burning B. which removes only selected trees, or surface fires that burn C. which removes only selected trees, along with surface fires that burn D. removing only selected trees, or surface fires, burning E. removing only selected trees, as well as surface fires that burn 语 语 语 语 语 … , but such work has not addressed either logging, which…, or surface fires, that burn…but do not denude the forest…

语语语 1. 定发从句与分发短发作定发的区发： 1) 定发从句发发具体发发具体发作,以及发作的一次性; 1. 分发短发发发发发不确定的发发，抽象/语 语 /补 补 补 /多次性的行发 2) 都可以接受发,分发短发发 于定发从句 (语语语),定发从句要发发发 分发短发(但不能引起歧发或破坏 补补) 3) 定发从句包含情发发发发不能发化发分发短发 4) ing分发的完成发发不能充当名发的限制性定发,必发发 化发定发从n.+ 句 having done —补 n. that… 2. either…or语语语语

语语语语语 A. B. C. D. E.

which is the removal语语语语语语either…. as well as语语语语语Burning补 denude不平行 Correct语either … or的平行，removes补 burn的平行。 either…along with搭配发发。 Burning补 denude不平行 either…. as well as语语语语语

199. (GWD5-Q4) The Quechuans believed that all things participated in both the material level and the mystical level of reality, and many individual Quechuans claimed to have contact with it directly with an ichana (dream) experience. A. contact with it directly with B. direct contact with it by way of C. contact with the last directly through D. direct contact with the latter by means of E. contact directly with the mystical level due to

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

语语语语语Q believed that all things participated in both A and B, and many Q claimed to have direct contact with the latter by means of…

语语语 发性，固定搭配 1. 补 补 …语语语through… /by means of…/with…/by way of…

语语语语语 A语 it指代不清；directly语 语 语 contact语with an ichana experience的歧发：修发contact发意发通发 ichana来直接接触，修发 with短发意发只能通发ichana来接触 (不一定是直接接触) B语 it指代不清 C语 发者之发的后者发发用 latter语directly语 语 语 contact语through an ichana experience的歧发：修 语contact 发意发通发ichana来直接接触，修发through短发发 意发只能通发ichana来接触 (不一定是直 接接触 )补 D语 Correct语direct语语语语 contact最合理 E语 due to不能引发表原因，用此发发不符；directly发发同A

200. (T-3-Q14) A scrub jay can remember when it cached a particular piece of food in a particular place, researchers have discovered, and tend not to bother to recover a perishable treat if stored long enough to have rotted. A. tend not to bother to recover a perishable treat if B. they tend not to bother recovering a perishable treat C. tending not to bother to recover a perishable treat it D. tends not to bother recovering a perishable treat E. tends not bothering to recover a perishable treat it 语 语 语 语 语 A scrub jay can remember ..., …, and tends not to bother recovering a treat…

语语语 补补补 补 补 Agreement），平行发称（Parallelism补 1. 补 补 补 补 2. 固定搭配： 1) Tend补 补 Tend to do sth -- If something tends to happen, it happens often and is likely to happen again Tend to sb/sth 语语 2) Bother(发)的固定搭配： 功夫 (not) bother to do something He didn't bother to answer the question. not bother about/with He didn't bother with a reply. www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

(not) bother doing something 3. scrub jay 语语

Many young people didn't bother voting.

语语语语语 A. tend发复数发发，发发发数，发发主发A scrub jay语if从句省去主发，发原后主发是jay语 语 语 treat语 语语语Bother to do/bother doing语语语语 B. they指代不明，与scrub jay发复数不一致 C. and后分句少发发 ； it多余，有了it语 语 语 语 语 jay，后面的 stored补 补 stores，因发it stores long enough语语 是一个定发从句，但此发have rotted补补it语jay的发作又发发不合理，所以依然发发 D. Correct语tends使用正确，主发一致；bother doing补 补 idiomatic语stored后置定发修发treat补 补 E. tend doing没有发种用法；it多余，发发同C

201. (GWD30-Q4) The three women, liberal activists who strongly support legislation in favor of civil rights and environmental protection, have consistently received labor's unqualifying support. A. have consistently received labor's unqualifying support B. are consistently receiving the unqualifying support of labor C. have consistently received the unqualified support of labor D. receive consistent and unqualified support by labor E. are receiving consistent and unqualified support by labor 语语语语语The three women, …, have consistently received….

语语语 1. by someone 语语语语语语语语语语 receive support by labor 2. support 语语 n.语语语语语语语 (have/receive/win) support of/from someone 语语语语语语语 support for something/someone 支持某事/语语 in support of something 支持某事 3. unqualifying 语 unqualified(from manhattan) unqualifying 语语: not meeting some sort of standard for qualification unqualified 语语: without any sort of restriction or reservation 4. 关于发发使用：除非 1.原句有明发的发发发发和状发搭配发发。（比如用发去发修发 NEVER,语 语 语 语 语语YESTERDAY补 2.原句有明发的发法发发，而发法正确答案之中，没有和原句一致的发发；其他情况 语 慎重修改原句发发。发外，发在完成发发，一般不需要明发的发发发就可以使用，因发它所发含的发发 语语语 now.

语语语语语 A. unqualifying使没有发格的，意思不 发 ， 发发 用 unqualified语语语(used for emphasizing that a quality is complete and total)，发住unqualified support常用表发。N’s n语n of N，都可以，能 表发清楚意思又发发的发上，发里 labor’s后面已发有一个unqualified发种不是语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 语语补补vocal tract）了，所以发是用n of N补 补 补 补 补 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

B. are consistently receiving不能算发，只是其和原句have consistently received的发发 不符，一 般没有特殊原因不改 发 原句的 发发 意思， 发发 等，除非有很明 发 的 发 志，有必改不可的原因； unqualifying发发。 C. correct 语 A,B 语 语 unqualifying 语 语 语 D,E 语 语 support by labor 补 补 (by sb. 修 发 的 是 发发 ) 语 support of/from someone语语语语 D. 用一般发 在发 也是合理的，发发 没有发发 ；发发 的用 consistent语语support改 发 原句含 发 ； receive support by labor发发，正确搭配是support of/from labor E. 补 consistent语语support改发原句含发；receive support by labor语语

语语语语语 Prep08版着发有几个地方 A句的含 发发发 不更改 ，基本可以有发发的发发：如果 A句发发含发合理，发没有特殊原因 (补 补 补 A句发发含发相同的发发都有明发发发)，那么就不可以随意更改句意。

202. (GWD-27-Q7) Providing initial evidence that airports are a larger source of pollution than they were once believed to be, environmentalists in Chicago report that the total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles at O’Hare International Airport is twice as much as that which is being emitted annually by all motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area. A. as much as that which is being emitted annually by all B. as much annually as is emitted by the C. as much compared to what is annually emitted by all D. that emitted annually by all E. that emitted annually compared to the 语 语 语 语 语 Providing initial evidence..., environmentalists…the total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles at O’Hare International Airport is twice….

语语语 1. 补 补 补 补 2. 倍数表发： twice (as much as) sth.; X times adj. than; X times as adj. as; double sth. 3. as,than可以做比发从句的主发，例： In one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862, four times as many Americans were killed as would later be killed on the beaches of Normandy during D-Day. As语 语 语 americans补

语语语语语 A语 is being 发发 ，且 as可以做比 发 从句的主 发 ， 发 去 being后可以直接用 as much as is emitted annually；但是即便如此amount X is twice as much as amount Y也不如直接twice amount Y语 语 B语 annually位置发发，发发放在is emitted语 语 语 语 emitted C语 as…compared to语语语语语what is annually emitted by all补what的范发大于the total amount of pollutant，而且其发可以发化 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

D语 Correct语twice后面可以直接接名发，twice as much as语 语 语 语 E语 compared to 多 余 ， 且 compared to 的 比 发发 端 不 平 行 ， 一 发 是 pollutants ， 一 发 是 motor vehicles

203. (T-4-Q29) In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls. A. due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing B. due to moisture that tourists had exhaled, thereby raising its humidity to such levels that salt from the stone would crystallize C. because tourists were exhaling moisture, which had raised the humidity within them to levels such that salt from the stone would crystallize D. because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists raising the humidity within them to levels so high as to make the salt from the stone crystallize E. because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing 语语语语语C…were closed….because moisture had raised the humidity… to such levels that…

语语语 1. Because of 后只能加发发的名发发发，because of sb’s doing 语 语 语 语 语 because 发种情况同发适用due 于 to语 despite补in despite of语语 as a result of 2. 语 语 语 语 3. Such/so…that固定搭配。Such … so that搭配发发。

语语语语语 A. due to moisture语 语 语 语 closed for cleaning and repair的直接原因；用which引 发 非限定性定 从不能表发出发有的意思；such…so that固定发发使用发发；its无所指代。 B. due to moisture 语 语 语 语 closed for cleaning and repair 的 直 接 原 因 。 thereby raising 补 补 awkward 语 its语语语语 such that + would( 情发发发 ) 是表 发 目的， 发发 含 发发发 ； stone would crystallize补 fungus was growing on the walls不平行。 C. tourists were exhaling moisture语 语 语 语 closed for cleaning and repair的直接原因；Which语 GMAT里面不可以指代前面整个分句（至今没有一道官方发目有 which指代前面整句）；Such that + would(情发发发)是表发目的，发发含发发发； them语 语 语 tourists语语语stone would crystallize 补 fungus was growing on the walls不平行。 D. because of moisture语 语 语 语 closed for cleaning and repair的直接原因；so … as to make语语 语语语语fungus was growing on the walls不平行； that was exhaled没有必要 发 出 that was，累 补补 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

E. Correct. humidity within them...tourists身体里面不可能包含有humidity，而且by tourists在从 句的介发短发里，是不会被指代的，所以them不会指代混乱。

语语语语语 根据发发含发本发可以迅速得出发发： 语语were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair 的原因，只有一个，就是“潮气引发了什么”而使得 它需要修理了，只有E表发了发个意思，其他发发，看前三个发，就可以排除。A,B,D表发的是，是因发“潮 气”本身，使得他发要修。C表发的是，旅客发呼出潮气，所以他发要关发整修，也是不发的。只有E，表发 出了潮气引起了湿度上升，所以chambers要关发整修。

204. (T-9-Q16) (OG12-53) The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his “Essay on Heat and Light,” a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found. A. a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a B. a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a C. a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well D. critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of E. critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of 语语语语语 “essay on heat and light”语a critique of…as well as a vision of…

语语语 句子发发（grammatical construction补 补 补 补 补 补 parallelism补 发发意思（logical predication补 1. 语语语 同位发发发的形式: (参 考白勇发法) 1) 名发性同位发, 名发解发名发: n. , n. ; n. , a/an + n.语 a/an + n. , n. 2) that引发同位发发发: 抽象名发(evidence, result, principle补 补 ) + that语语, that从句发抽象名发发行具体化解发 3) 概括性同位发发发 : 用一个概括性的名 发 去概括前面的解 发发 象 ;语语/句子 , a program/ an advance/ a practice that… 4) 名发重复性同位发发发: n. , n.(重复所修发的名发) + that…语 n. , the same n.(重复所修发的名发) that… 2. as well as前后发称，并且发当注意的是在A as well as B的用法中，发发的是A补

语语语语语 A. correct语a critique 语“essay on heat and light”的同位 发 ； a critique补 a vision语as well as语语语 语 B. critique补 his envisioning不平行；envisioning有具体的名 发 形式即 vision， 发 直接用名 发 ； his语 代不清 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

C. critique补 envisioning不平行；and…as well混搭累发； envisioning有具体的名发形式即 vision，发直 接用名发。 D. critiquing做伴随状 发 修 发 前面分句 发发 ； critiquing补 a vision语and also前后不 发 称。 From… forward不发发，不如直接用since补 E. done语 语 语 envisioning发发同B语his own语语语语语all the chemistry补 his own envisioning语 语 语 语语Davy批判的是他自己；

OG12-53 语语语 Parallelism; Rhetorical construction The main objective of the sentence is to describe “Essay on Heat and Light” as Davy’s presentation of his own experiments and to further explain that the essay served as both a critique of previous chemistry and a vision of a new kind of chemistry. The clearest, most effective form for providing this explanation of the essay’s function is to make critique and vision both appositives of “Essay on Heat and Light,” and to present them in a parallel structure. A. Correct. Th e phrases describing the essay’s function are presented in parallel form. B. Critique and his envisioning are not parallel; the phrase and also his envisioning is unnecessarily wordy; it is also unclear to whom his refers. C. The two descriptors are not parallel. D. The two descriptors are not parallel. E. The meaning is confused in the assertion that Davy critiqued his own vision of chemistry. Th e correct answer is A.

205. (T-9-Q15) The commission’s office of compliance, inspections, and investigations plans to intensify its scrutiny of stock analysts to investigate not only whether research is an independent function at brokerage firms, but also whether conflicts result when analysts own the stocks they write about or when they are paid for their work by a firm’s investment banking division. A. to investigate not only whether research is an independent function at brokerage firms, but also whether conflicts result when analysts own the stocks they write about or when they are B. to investigate not only whether research is an independent function at brokerage firms, but also if conflicts result when analysts own the stocks they write about or they are C. to not only investigate whether or not research is an independent function at brokerage firms, but also if conflicts result when analysts own the stocks they write about or are D. not only to investigate whether or not research is an independent function at brokerage firms, but also whether conflicts result when analysts own the stocks they write about or are E. not only to investigate whether research is an independent function at brokerage firms, but also whether conflicts result when analysts own the stocks they write about or when www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

语 语 语 语 语 The commission’s office of compliance and investigations plans to…to investigate not only whether…, but also whether… when analysts…or when they are…

语语语 补补补 补 补 parallelism补 发发用 idiom补 发（ 1. not only…but also 重新摘发一下前面提到发的用法： 语语Not only…..but (also)表示的关系是发发, 补补also可以省略……….But/but also表示的是发折. not only ...but also表示并列，不能表示 发折，不要有先入发主的感发发发 not only...but also 必发一起出发。发独出发but also是可能的。 1) 在正常发序中: not only … but also 发发接发个相发称的并列成分。 在正常 发 序中 : 短 发 本身不可以加入其它成份，比如 发 成： not only...but it also...语语语语 （因发破坏了平衡）。 2) not only … but also 发接发个主发发，发发发发要和与其最近的主发保持人称和数的一致。 3) not only … but also 不能用在否定句中。 4) not only … but also 发接发个分句，并且 not only 位于句首发，第一个分句中的主发和 发发要部分倒装。 2. whether or not的使用：(补the handbook of good english) 1) 在引发发从的发候只能发用whether，而不能加or not，否发累发 2) 在引发状从的发候必发加上or not语语whether or not. 3. whether表示列发发候的用法： Whether A, B, or C.

语语语语语 A. correct补Not noly…but also语 语 语 语 语 Whether补 补 补 or not语语语Or前后平行发称。 B. if 在发 面发 中不能表示 “ 是否 ”，只能表示 “如果 ”，所以 发发 使用 whether，且not only…but also补 补 语 语 语 语 Or前后不发称。 C. whether or not语语语语If发发同B语not only后面跟了发发，but also语 语 语 语 语 语 Or发发同B补 D. whether发发同C语or发发同B补 E. not only…but also语 语 语 语 语 语 or发发同B补

206. (GWD-21-Q29) While studying the genetic makeup of corn, a new class of mutant genes was discovered by Barbara McClintock, a discovery which led to greater understanding of cell differentiation. A. a new class of mutant genes was discovered by Barbara McClintock, a discovery which led B. a new class of mutant genes in corn were discovered by Barbara McClintock, leading C. Barbara McClintock discovered a new class of mutant genes, and it led D. Barbara McClintock discovered a new class of mutant genes, a discovery that led E. Barbara McClintock, who discovered a new class of mutant genes, leading

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

语 语 语 语 语 while studying the genetic makeup of corn 语 Barbara McClintock discovered…,a discovery that led…

语语语 发发意思（logical predication补 句子发发（grammatical construction补 1. 状发从句的省略： 1补 语语语 语 语 语 语 第一点是毫无疑发的：发发主发等于句子主发 第二点也是必发的：从句的发发必需是 be（没要求主句发发 也必需是 be！发句发发 状从的省 略可以看成是省略了一个be），且从句主发和发发要么同省，要么同留。 2补 补 补 (1) 补 补 补 补 : 补补语语/语语/语语/语语语 语 语 (when/while/if/unless/although/even though/even if) + 语语语语语/-ing 语语/-ed 语语 (语语语语语语语语语语) (语 语 when a child/ when children 语语语语 if + n.语 语 语 语 ) (2) 发发 形式 :表示发发 /补补/语 语 语 语 语 + 语 语 语 语 /语 语 语 语 (although just inside the orbit of Jupiter 语语语)(OG10-69) (3) 补补补补:once 可以加语语语语/语 语 语 语 ; whatever 可以加名发短发 2. 同位发发发

语语语语语 A. While studying状发从句的省略在句首， studying的发发 主发发 句子主发，发行 studying发作的发 发是人， a new class of mutant genes发发；要用 that引发限制性定发从句。 B. 发发主发发发同A补leading在句尾做伴随发果，与主发Barbara McClintock无法搭配（发然伴随发果 状发没有发发，但是状发与被修发分句主发发合有意发）。 C. It不能指代前面整句因此无指代发象，最好用同位发。 D. Correct ； 发发 主 发 正 确 ； A discovery 作 发 同 位 发 指 代 前 句 ， that 引 发 限 定 性 定 发 从 句 修 发 a discovery E. who…genes作发插入发出发；整个句子缺少发发发发。

207. (T-4-Q30) Unlike the short flights of the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which carried sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries, a permanently orbiting space station will have to generate its own electricity. A. the short flights of the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which carried sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries, B. the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, with sufficient enough power in fuel cells and batteries for their short flights, C. the short flights of the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which enabled them to carry sufficient enough power in fuel cells and batteries, D. the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which were capable of carrying sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries for their short flights, E. the flights of the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, whose shortness allowed them to carry www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries, 语语语语语 Unlike the shuttle and earlier spacecraft 语 … ., a permanently orbiting space station…

语语语 补补 1. 2. 3.

补 comparison补 比发发发双方发发等（看发是比发考点发，最重要的是找到比发发象）。 with补 补 补 同发发重复。

语语语语语 A. 比发发 象不发等Unlike后的关 ， 发字是the short flights，而比发发象是a space station B. Sufficient补 enough同发发 重复With引 ； 发独立主格发发有修发歧发 C. 比发发 象发发 同 A语which语 语 语 语 shuttle and earlier spacecraft，它发发发 上无法成发enable语 语语语语语语them指代不清晰；sufficient补 enough同发发 重复 D. Correct；句子含发发shuttle补 spacecraft有能力发足发完成短程发行的power E. 比发发 象发发 同 A语whose语 语 flights语them指代不清晰；发发发发 ，并不是短程允发了他发可以发 语语语power，而是他发能发足发的power来完成短程行 发

语语语语语 1. 关于发心修发 (by aeoluseros)语 所以歧发修发，是因发引发了不同的理解，而并不是发法上是否会有不同的修发，所发发 心修发也是 发个原发。很多人发“发心修发”都有发一个发解，发发S, v-ing, V. + O.语 语 语 语 v-ing既可以往前修发S语 也可以往后修发V就是发心，而发发上发心并不是“可以往前修发S，也可以往后修发V” 语语S, v-ing, V. + O.发发的表发中，v-ing发定俗成只伴随修发发发，发下例： prep 2-104 The yield per acre of coffee berries varies enormously, because a single tree, depending on its size and on climate and altitude, is able to produce enough berries to make between one and twelve pounds of dried beans a year. 发个句子里 depending不能改发dependent，因发depending补 dependent的区发在于，前者伴随修发 发发发发is able to produce，后者发是修发名发single tree，会造成发发上不发。用dependent语语"语语 语size的一发发能发发出足发的发果"补 补 depending发，“一发发取决它的size来做到发出足发的发果”。 2. Windmaple：以下redunancy word list兼出自官方发料： lag behind, by xx% (less) from ... (down/up) to rise (higher) then .. (subsequently) now .. (currently) (to someone,) Paris is someone's home enable someone to (be able to) continue, and (have already done) (up) until… per capita consumption ... (per person) each year ... (annually) www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

(consistently) ... doing sth. also ... (as well) the more ..., the more ..., become (increaseingly) there is (continuous) sth occurring someone is doing sth (continuously) (so) in order to then (later) then (subsequently)

208. (GWD-11-40) Scientists who studied the famous gold field known as Serra Pelada concluded that the rich lode was not produced by the accepted methods of ore formation but that swarms of microbes over millions of years concentrated the gold from jungle soils and rivers and rocks. A. not produced by the accepted methods of ore formation but that swarms of microbes over millions of years B. not produced by the accepted methods of ore formation but instead swarms of microbes over millions of years that C. not produced by the accepted methods of ore formation but swarms of microbes over millions of years that D. produced not by the accepted methods of ore formation but by swarms of microbes that over millions of years E. produced not by the accepted methods of ore formation but that swarms of microbes over millions of years 语语语语语Scientists studied the famous god filed not by…but by…

语语语 补补补 补 补 parallelism补 1语not…but…后面要平行，如not by…but by…

语语语语语 A. not produced by…but that不平行 B. not by…but swarms 语语语语语but instead 发发 重复； that位置 发发 ，使得状 发over millions of years修发发象不清 C. not by…but不平行 D. correct语Not by…but by补 补 E. 发发同A

语语语语语 1. 看发发发发发的考平行的发，可以迅速看发发发发。 2. windmaple: 补 补 but后面接名发是不能有instead的，因发but是介发；但是如果but后面接发发就发成 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

了 发发 ，中 发 加副 发 instead没 发发 。 Prep07 1-73语Evolutionary psychology holds that the human mind is not a "blank slate" but instead comprises specialized mental mechanisms that were developed to solve specific problems human ancestors faced millions of years ago.

209. (T-3-Q7) In Scotland, the number of wild salmon have been reduced because of uncontrolled deepsea and coastal netting, by pollution, and by various other threats to the fish’s habitat. A. number of wild salmon have been reduced because of uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting, B. number of wild salmon is reduced because deep-sea and coastal netting is not controlled, C. numbers of wild salmon has been reduced because of uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting, D. wild salmon’s numbers are reduced by deep-sea and coastal netting that is not controlled, E. wild salmon’s numbers have been reduced by uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting, 语语语语语In Scotland语wild salmon’s numbers have reduced by…by….and by…

语语语 补补补 补 补 agreement补 补 补 补 补 补 parallelism predication补 发发意思（logical construction补 1. the number of+复数名发，发发用发数；a number of +复数名发，发发用复数。 2. and补 补 补 补 补

语语语语语 A. have发发，主发不一致；because of 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 by不平行 B. because语 语 语 语 语 语 语 by不平行 C. the numbers 语 语 (MANHATTAN SC 语 语 语 语 Never select an answer choice containing the phrase THE NUMBERS OF)语and平行发发同A D. that is not controlled不如uncontrolled语语 E. correct语语语number补 numbers无需做发多区分，只要保持主发一致即可（有一种发法发发因发发数 量的持发改发所以要用复数 numbers，有一定道理，不发未发理发发发）

语语语语语 Number 语语语语语 — by Mayanist语 几种用法之发区发：非核心发与核心发；number 的意发；number 与相关成分的发复数一致关系。 1) a number of / numbers of + 语语语语语语 + 语语语语 可以理解发量发发发，a number of 语语语语语numbers of 语语语语 of 后面的复数名发才是核心发，发发发发因此语语补 补 Many students arrived early, but only a number of them worked on their www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

exercises. The lake produces a good number of (=a lot of) salmon each season. Numbers of birds fly across the lake. 语语语any number of 用于非正式发合，表示大量 There could be any number of (=many) reasons why she's late. OG237. It seems likely that a number of astronomical phenomena, such as the formation of planetary nebulas, are caused by the interaction of two stars orbiting each other at close range. OG152. When the technique known as gene-splicing was invented in the early 1970’s, it was feared that scientists might inadvertently create an “Andromeda strain,” a microbe never before seen on Earth that might escape from the laboratory and kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it. 709. The Coast Guard recently redesigned channel markers in the Chesapeake Bay to accommodate large numbers of ospreys, whose huge nests formerly obstructed the lights. 829. The speculative fever of the Roaring Twenties infected rich and poor alike; great numbers of people were dangerously overextended, credit was absurdly easy to obtain, and most brokerage houses required only ten percent cash for stocks bought on “margin.” 2) the number of + 语语语语语语 + 语语语语: number 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语补补 可数物品累发起来的 语 语 , 可数名发需用复数形式 语语number 是核心发，可以被具体化发一个数字，如 50 或者100语发发发发因此语语 发数 The number of students who participated the interview was 100. Today’s case brings the number of successful prosecutions in the region to thirtyfour. [ 发 里有个疑 发 有待考 发 ：是否可以从例子派生出 The numbers of girl and boy students are respectively 30 and 70? 如果可以，发发发发 ：the number(s) of + n.( 发是复数 ) + v.(发数 或者复数 -语语语 number 的形式)]补 OG-verbal-5. A Labor Department study states that the number of women employed outside the home increased by more than thirty-five percent in the past decade and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian work force. 492. Los Angeles has a higher number of family dwellings per capita than does any other large city. 有 人 发发 什 么 不 发 (D) higher numbers of family dwellings per capita than do other large cities. ETS语the plural numbers is incorrect in that there is only a single number of such dwellings. 发发是什么发候用发数，什么发候用复数 number 的好例发： ETS 的意思是，因发人均住房面发 只用一个数发就可以表示了，例如 20 语语语/语语语 number 就是发个数，所以 number 和发发发发 发发 都用 发 数。 发 外，比 发发 higher 补 补 补 LA 语 number 和其他城市相发的 number 相比： one number is larger/greater/higher than the other number. 3) numbers 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 530. New Jersey has one of the five highest numbers of reported cases of Lyme www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

disease in the United States. 908. Upset by the recent downturn in production numbers during the first half of the year, the board of directors, at its quarterly meeting, raised the possibility of adding worker incentives. 因发每个公司的生发指发有很多，所以用复数形式的 production numbers补 补 补 补 No.492语语语语 family dwellings per capita 只可以被具体化发一个数。 发 些 情 况 下 ， 如 果 明 确 知 道 有 多 个 数 字 ， 就 用 numbers 。再例D 如on't judge a team by its numbers.不能 发发 从数字（指 发 ）上判断一个 发 （的好坏）。如 NBA 发伍中每个球发rebound, 都有 assist, turnover, score 等指发，球发有发率，排名等指发。发些指发就是由多个数字表发的，所 以即使 team 是发数，但是 its + numbers 是最合理的。上面的句子也可以改写发：Don’t judge a team by those numbers listed on its website. 4) numbers 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 OG-verbal-72. The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with (A) extinction; its numbers are now five-times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970’s. 因发发发是复数，所以可推知 numbers 语number 的复数形式，而不是什么固定用法。 TTGWD9-Q7: In Scotland, the (E) wild salmon’s numbers have been reduced by uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting, by pollution, and by various other threats to the fish’s habitat. 发外，一些发发中发： numbers 是复数做 “人数，发群”发。 Longman 语语语Visitor numbers increase in the summer.　游客人数在夏季增加。发Birds 代英发发 gather 典： in large numbers beside the river. 发儿一群群地聚在河发。但是发然后面一个例子中 in large numbers 是做副发用，参发 5)补 发一发用法是最发的，发没有找到最有发服力的解发。但是作发的发候，我发可以借用其他方面的 发索，排除发发发。 5) in number(s) 语语语: 语 downturn/decline in number(s)语语语语语语语语语语 In number adv., prep., n.发共，在数目上 They were printed in limited numbers. Young people have been leaving the countryside in large numbers for urban areas. [leave … for …] The condors have dwindled to an estimated sixty in number. 48(non-OG). The golden crab of the Gulf of Mexico has not been fished commercially in great numbers, primarily because it lives at great depths – 2,500 to 3,000 feet down. 550. Once common throughout the Western plains, black-footed ferrets are thought to have declined in number as a result of the poisoning of prairie dogs, their prey. 发发主要是考察发发关系：black-footed ferrets (is) common throughout …, 补 补 A 补 补 补 看来 in number 或者in numbers 在某些情况下，并不需要发格区分，发竟 GMAT 发要求找最佳 答案。或发 550 补 补 numbers 也没发。 6) the number (s) of + 语语语语语语语语 + 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 语语number 是核心发， number、物品、发发发发三者的发/补 补 补 补 补 补 补 The numbers of the machine parts A and B are respectively 201 and 203. 机器零件 A 补 B 的发号分发是 201 补 203补 补 补 补 The number of machine part A is 201. 语语number 补 numbers 互发发复数的关系。注意，发里。 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

The numbers of the machine parts are not available. 发些机器零件的号发找不到了。

210. (GWD-1-Q2) 语语语 By merging its two publishing divisions, the company will increase their share of the country's $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks. A. their share of the country's $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging B. from 6 percent to 10 percent its share of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges C. to 10 percent from 6 percent in their share of the $21 billion book market in the country, a market ranging D. in its share, from 6 percent to 10 percent, of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges E. to 10 percent from 6 percent its share of the country's $21 billion book market, which ranges 语 语 语 语 语 the company will increase (to x from y) its share of [( ) market, (which ranges .... )]

语语语 指代一致（agreement补 发发意思（logical predication补 1. the company是主发，指代也用发数。 2. which语 语 语

语语语语语 A. their语 语 the company语语 补 B. which可以跳 发 指代，但是此 发which离其指代 发 象隔了一个状 发in the country，而且country补 ranges语gramatically matched的，故B不佳。 C. their发发同A语ranging发发同A补 D. which发发同B语of和要发接的发象离的太发不好。 E. correct语which离其指代发象比 B更近，因此更好，发 住发发 是比出来的； to…from…补 补 补 to 10 percent提前以示发发 ；发发 上发，一个国家的发发 市发不可能只有从 from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks，所以which语 语 语 语 语 its share of the country's $21 billion book market补补补

语语语语语 Which语语语语—by aeoluseros语 以下收发官方材料中能发于which的使用，可以发发which的指代其发并没有固定死发发，不一定只指 代最近的名发，跟所有代发一发，有就近指代的的发向，但是具体修发发象，发发根据各种发索或者发发 含发来判断： 1. 语语A of B的发发 ， which没有就近修发。 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

561.One pervasive theory explains the introduction of breakfast cereals in the early 1900s as a result of the growing number of automobiles, which led to a decline in horse ownership and a subsequent grain glut; by persuading people to eat what had previously been horse feed, market equilibrium was restored. 2. which不一定跳发插入发指代： 462.Judge Lois Forer’s study asks why some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between rich and poor. 3. 通发发复数判断which的所指： 80. Changes in sea level result not only from changes in water temperature, which affect water density, but also from the melting of glaciers. 44. The survival of coral colonies, which are composed of innumerable tiny polyps living in a symbiotic relationship with brilliantly colored algae, is being threatened, experts say, not only by pollutants such as agricultural runoff, oil slicks, and trash, but also by dropped anchors, probing divers, and global warming. 173 (GWD-10-Q18) In analyzing campaign expenditures, the media have focused on the high costs and low ethics of campaign finance, but they have generally overlooked the cost of actually administering elections, which includes facilities, transport, printing, staffing, and technology. 205. (GWD-9-Q17) Unlike most other mergers in the utility industry, which have been driven by the need to save money and extend companies’ service areas, the merger of the nation’s leading gas company and leading electric company is intended to create a huge network for marketing the utilities in question as states open their utility markets to competition. 216. (GWD-13-1) Although she had been known as an effective legislator first in the Texas Senate and later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which were televised nationwide. 4. 通发发发区发which的所指： 488.Like the government that came before it, which set new records for growth, the new government has made laissez-faire capitalism its cornerstone. Stoneren语语which指代的一个发点： OG10-114: From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage yet was so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids. 补 which 的潜在指代发象是语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 发，且其指代发象的修发成分比发发发，那么定发 发重于指代核心名发（在没有发法和发发发发的前提下）。

语语语语语语 语语from…to…倒用的合理性： 127. (31278-!-item-!-188;#058&004418) www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

After decreasing steadily in the mid-1990's, the percentage of students in the United States finishing high school or having earned equivalency diplomas increased in the last three years of the decade, up to 86.5 percent in 2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999 and 84.8 percent in 1998. (A) finishing high school or having earned equivalency diplomas increased in the last three years of the decade, up to 86.5 percent in 2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999 and (B) finishing high school or earning equivalency diplomas, increasing in the last three years of the decade, rising to 86.5 percent in 2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999 and from (C) having finished high school or earning an equivalency diploma increased in the last three years of the decade, and rose to 86.5 percent in 2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999 and from (D) who either finished high school or they earned an equivalency diploma, increasing in the last three years of the decade, rose to 86.5 percent in 2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999 and (E) who finished high school or earned equivalency diplomas increased in the last three years of the decade, to 86.5 percent in 2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999 and 语语语E

211. (GWD-8-Q39语OG12-136) Whereas in mammals the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes form a random pattern. A. Whereas in mammals the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes B. Whereas the tiny tubes for the conveying of nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in mammals in parallel lines, birds have tubes that C. Unlike mammals, where the tiny tubes for conveying nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, birds’ tubes D. Unlike mammals, in whom the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, the tubes in birds E. Unlike the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells, which in mammals are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes 语语语语语Whereas in mammals…., in birds…

语语语 补补补 1.

comparison补 语语语 (1) whereas = while补while前后句子之发发要求并列相发）

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2.

(2) whereas发接的平行比发只要求发比的核心发发上有发称关系，不要求发称位置必发是发称名发语 下面句子中主从句的主发分发是energy补 nuclear power并不是发称名发，但是发比的核心都是 “核能发发占发发出能量的份发”： 补OG12-131 Over 75 percent of the energy produced in France derives from nuclear power, whereas nuclear power accounts for just over 33 percent of the energy produced in Germany. *：但是如果whereas后面接介发短发，那么主句的开发也必发需要是介发短发(whereas语 语 语 介发短发或者状发都会非常发称 )，如果whereas后接发发 主发发 （或主系表），主句也要 语语 用发发 的主发发 （或主系表）来发发 ，除非同下面 GWD 18-2一发后半句主发即已发可完全表 发出“发称”的含发（ each language occupies a distinct area of the brain是主发发发 全； language areas overlap是主发，没有发发。但发个分句依然算是平行，因发发发已发平行。）语 prep1-29 Pine trees thrive in relatively wet climates, whereas oaks prefer drier ones. prep1-54 In cooking, small quantities of spices are used, whereas in medicinal usage spices are taken in large quantities in order to treat particular maladies. prep2-102 Whereas a female grizzly bear in the Rockies typically occupies a range of 50 to 300 square miles, a male will cover 200 to 500 and occasionally as many as 600. prep1-194. Whereas the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed and cannot be retracted from the skin, the yellow jacket’s stinger is comparatively smooth, and can therefore be pulled out and used again. 语语933. Whereas owners of condominium apartments have free and clear title to their dwellings, owners of cooperative apartments have shares in a corporation that owns a building and leases apartments to them. GWD18-2 According to findings derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the area of the brain in which a second or third language is stored depends on the age of the language learner; whereas each language occupies a distinct area of the brain in an adult learner, language areas overlap in a young child. (3) 发准发面发中， like/unlike语 语 语 语 语 (不一定具体名发)表比 发，不能加不定式短发,语 语 语 语 (prep 1-54 unlike cooking with speices语),句子或介短。（后面接发些发西的发候unlike补 补 补whereas补 补 补 补 (4) like/unlike是发格的硬发发 比发，比发发 象必发发 格发 等，中发尽量不能插入任何成分（比如有 一个发目是:Unlike A, in 1990 B...就算 A语B可比，但发发 就是不佳的表发，因发发 会发发 者花发 发发胞去找unlike和发个在比。最好的句子一定是排版最发发、最遵循发发的句子，一定是发起来最省 力的句子），但是非限制性定发从句发一发非常明确是发跟着前面的名发的修发成分是可以的。 关系代发用法

语语语语语 A. correct语whereas后的介发需要位置上平行发 称，在此 in mammals补 in birds平行；本句比发的是 mammals的血管和birds的血管；除了A发发，其他发发发发上都很混乱 B. 补补whereas不要求发 称位置必发 是发 称名发 ，但本发发 主从句核心含发 不发 等，一个是 tiny tubes语 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

排列，一个是birds用怎么发的tubes，比发主体成了 tubes补 birds，因此发发 ； the tiny tubes for the conveying of nutrients to bone cells表发 不清晰，不如用定发 从句来修发 ： the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed C. mammals补 tubes不发等； mammals不是地点、位置，用关系代发where语 语 mammals语语语the tiny tubes for the conveying of nutrients to bone cells表发不清晰同B D. mammals补 tubes不发等； in whom关系代发发发，要用in which E. 主句主发 tubes语 语 语 语 语 语 in birds，需要改发tubes in birds语which语 语 cells语 语 语 语 the tiny tubes are arrayed in parallel lines，此句 发 成了 bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines，改 语语语

语语语语语 1. who, whom 只能指人，不可指物（如 language，要用 which 指代）；which 只能指物，不可指人 2. 发发发法发定 that 不能用于指人，而只能用 that 指思想发点、发物或不具有生命的物体 (植物属于不 具有生命的物体)，要用 whose, whose 可以指人也可以指物(prep1-192) 3. OG11-130 里面发 that 不能指代人，只能用 who 语 语 语 补(发然发代英发用法中 that 可以用于不同情形) 4. 本发发 OG12-136语OG 解发发： Idiom; Rhetorical construction; Parallelism

Whereas introduces two contrasting situations or events and should be followed by parallel structures. In this sentence, whereas is immediately followed by a clause beginning with the prepositional phrase in mammals; this means that the second part of the sentence must also be a clause that opens with a preposition that functions in the same way—in this case, in birds. This structure clarifies that the things being contrasted are the tubes in mammals and the tubes in birds. Incorrect versions of the sentence grammatically contrast tubes and birds, mammals and tubes, or birds and mammals. A Correct. Parallel structures make clear that the tubes in mammals are being contrasted with the tubes in birds. B The faulty parallelism results in a sentence that is confusing and unnecessarily wordy. C The sentence compares mammals and birds’ ubes. D Because of faulty parallelism, this sentence also compares mammals and tubes in birds. E This structure is wordy and confusing because of faulty parallelism. Th e correct answer is A.

212. (GWD-10-Q1) According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association of American Medical Colleges, minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice in socioeconomically deprived areas. A. minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice B. minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than other graduates who plan on practicing C. minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

practicing D. it is nearly four times more likely that minority graduates rather than other graduates will plan to practice E. it is nearly four times as likely for minority graduates than other graduates to plan to practice 语语语语语According to…, minority graduates are…four times as likely as…to plan on…

语语语 发发用发（idiom补 发发意思（logical predication补 1. as+adj/adv+as语more than固定搭配： 2. Plan的用法： plan to do something语 He said he planned to write his essay tonight. plan on doing something语 When do you plan on going to Geneva? plan something语 The former president is planning a return to politics. 3. be likely to do 很容易、发向于做某事。 4. 发发句的发发是：It +be +语 语 语 语 + that (who) + 主发句。 发发句的发发只有发个，that补 who补 当发发的部分是人，且发句子的主发发，才用"who"，其余用that。发发句中it无所指。 *：区发发发句型和其他从句的最好方法是“发发法”。也就是发，如果把句子中“ It be…that…”发一框 架去掉，句子的剩余部分（可以发行位置上的发整）发发完整，意思通发，合乎发发 ，发 that引发的 是发发句型，否发发其他从句。例如：It was at nine yesterday that we met the film star. 　　发 用“发发 法”，此句可改写发 ： We met the film star at nine yesterday. 发 然，句子发发 完 整，意思通发，故发发发句型。

语语语语语 A. 主系表发发的比发中，如果是主发比发，系发发 要省略， are语 语 语 be likely in doing用法发发，发 补be likely to do… B. who plan on practicing发成定发从句修发graduates，使得be likely to发发不完整 C. 语语语 four times as likely as…补 four times more likely than…都是可 以的，且 含 发 相同 ； Be likely to do...语语语语语plan on doing…补 补 补 补 D. 发里是发发句型， It is likely that…句型可以用(OG 10-237)语more…than比发 句型不完整，使得 minority graduates不知道和发比，发发发 么写 minority graduates一定不是和other graduates 比，合适的 发发发发 是 it is X times more likely that A will happen than that B will happen 语 不发更合适的是'A is X times more likely to happen than B’ E. four times as…than…语语语语语语语for minority graduates补 other graduates不平行(补 than 发原发 as后即可发发)

语语语语语 1. 关于倍数的表发----by balabaladou7语 语语语GMAT发法全解》中发发“...times + 语 语 语 /副发比发发 + than.....”属于有争发的发发，因发发 生歧发。发准发面发中避免使用此发发。“....times + as+语 语 语 /语语+as" 发常用。 但好像发道真发法上有 :--6补 发 OG例子发明发个发种表发都可以。 five times as...as 补 five times more/greater than...是表 发相同的数量概念的 . 发是英发 国家的 发言发发，不能用中文硬翻理解. 发道真发法 P384/发尾注发。 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

*：发个发法点 manhattan语语语P260上指出来发发发 者意思是不同的，一个是 5倍一个是6倍，并且 比发发的用法是发发避免。大家借发性吸收。 2. as语than引发比发从句中的省略原发----form 白勇发法 1) 比发从句发发与主句发发相同，可用do语did语does代替。 2) 比发从句发系发发be与主句发系发发be相同，可以省略be，也可以不省略。 3) 主 发发发发发 短 发 使 用 “ 助 发发 （ 如 have 语 has 语 had 语 will ） 或 情 发发发 补can语could语may语should补 +verb”形式发，比发从句往往省略verb，保留助发发或情发发发。 4) 比发从句的主发和发发与主句的主发和发发 相同发，可以全部省去，常常保留做状发的介发短发 或状发从句。 5) 比发从句的主发与主句主发相同，可以省略。 3. It is likely that是可以用的，只是需要看清楚发里的it是形式主发发是指代。 4. 关于更多发发发发发：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-22751-1-1.html

213. (GWD-3-Q34) Shoppers in sporting goods stores, unlike in department stores, do very little impulse shopping, not buying a pair of skis and a boomerang when they come in for a basketball, but they leave with a basketball only A. in department stores, do very little impulse shopping, not buying a pair of skis and a boomerang when they come in for a basketball, but they leave with a basketball only B. in department stores, shop impulsively very little; someone who comes in for a basketball will leave with a basketball only and not also buy a pair of skis and a boomerang as well C. those in department stores, do very little impulse shopping, do not buy a pair of skis and a boomerang when they come in for a basketball, but leave with only a basketball D. those in department stores, do very little impulse shopping; someone who comes in for a basketball will leave with a basketball only and not buy a pair of skis and a boomerang as well E. department stores, shop impulsively very little; someone will not buy a pair of skis and a boomerang when they come in for a basketball but will leave with only a basketball 语 语 语 语 语 Shoppers in in sporting goods stores, unlike those in department stores, do…语someone…

语语语 补补 1. 2. 3. 4.

补 comparison补 发发意思（logical predication补 like/unlike比发发象要发发发等。 各个分句之发的发发关系。 语 语 语 语 语 not… but… 语语的修 发 位置： even修发 比发发发 ，放在比 发发 之前。 ever放在助 发发 之后。 only语first放在被发发 的 成分之前， alone放在被发发的成分之后。

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语语语语语 A. Unlike后面不可以加介发短发，即便省略也不能省去 those语not…but…不平行，发改发but leaving with a basketball only，但 发发 改了也有 but leaving语语they come in for a basketball的歧 发， 发是不好 B. Unlike后面不可以加介发短发，即便省略也不能省去 those语shop impulsively very little语 语 语 语 含发 ：冲 发地 发一些小 发 西 (little可以作发adj.，不一定是adv.)，所以发 是 do very little impulse shopping更明确； also语as well语语语leave with only a basketball 发发的是发走的是一个发球，而不 是发个或者更多，而leave with a basketball only发发的是发走的只是发球 C. do very little impules shopping补 do not buy a pair of skis一个是概括，一个是发化，功能不同 无法平行，而且but不能发接三个并列成分，只能发接发个，所以即便不考发发发 上的发次， do not buy之前也要加上and D. correct；发语语语语语语语语的句 个 子用 semicolon 发接是最合适的。 And…as well在此并不重复， as well语语 语 语 and 后 面 的 发发发发 buy 补 补 补 补 prep 2-166 发 充 发 明 中 发 but instead 的发明）； Only 语 adj. 语语 basketball E. shoppers补 department stores不发等； shop impulsively very little 发发同B语they语 语 语 语 语 only补 语a basketball前发发含发改发，同B

214. (T-9-Q31) Scholars who once thought Native American literatures were solely oral narratives recorded by missionaries or anthropologists now understand this body of work to consist of both oral literatures and the written works of Native American authors, who have been publishing since 1772. A. Scholars who once thought Native American literatures were solely oral narratives B. Scholars thinking of Native American literatures once solely as oral narratives, and C. Scholars who once had thought of Native American literatures solely as oral narratives and D. Native American literatures, which some scholars once thought were solely oral narratives E. Native American literatures, which some scholars once, thinking they were solely oral narratives 语语语语语 Scholars who once thought (that) NAL were narratives … now understand…

语语语 句子发发（grammatical construction补 发发意思（logical predication补 1. some scholars thought是一种特殊的发法发发，叫做“嵌入式关系分句”，具体发后面发充发明。 2. 发去完成发的使用必发有发发上的参照点，以发示发作发生在发去的发去。 3. 定发从句作定发与分发短发作定发的区发 (1)定发从句发发 具体发发 具体发 作,以及发 作的一次性 ;分发短发发发发发 不确定的发发,抽象 /语 语 /补 补 补/多次性的行发  故定发从句发发分发发会少掉发发 (2)都可以接受发,分发短发发于定发从句(语语语),定发从句要尽量发发发分发短发(但不能引起歧发)

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(3)定发从句包含情发发发发不能发化发分发短发 (4)ing分发的完成发发不能充当名发的定发,必发发 化发定发从n.+ 句 having donen. that… 4. think of sth. as sth.(Longman): to consider that someone or something is a particular thing or has a particular quality

语语语语语 A. correct B. 用分发短发来代替定发从句去掉了发发指示发； once语 语 语 solely as oral narratives的歧发；and 的插入使得前半句没发发 C. 发 去完成发表示发去的发去，在此没有必要使用发去完成发； think of sth. … as... 意思是“把…看作 …”，而原句表发的是“发发…是…”，故直接用think (that)语语语语and补 recorded修发发 象不明确 D. 未划发部分发发 understand语 语 语 语 Native American literatures语语 E. “which some scholars once, thinking they were solely oral narratives”发发混乱，且 which 引发的定发从句没有发发。

语语语语语 语语语语语语语语语—by tankobe语 OG12-118. The world wildlife fund has declared that global warming, a phenomenon most scientsts agree to be caused by human begings in burning fossil fuels, will create havoc among migratory birds by altering the enviroment in ways harmful to their habitats. a) A phenomenon most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels, b) a phenomenon most scientists agree that is caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings, c) a phenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human beings' burning of fossil fuels d) which most scientists agree on as phenomenon caused by human beings who burn fossil fuels, e) which most scientsts agree to be a phenomenon caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings 发了很多发（国内和国外）， C 发发的解 发 发都是半斤八发，看得我一发发水！（发什么一个定发从句里有发个发 语agree 补 is补 一个普遍的发发是：发 most scientists agree 是插入发，发然是没加逗号语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 今天我翻遍章振邦的《新 CD 上有下 发英 发发发 ），在 法》（ 1193—1395 发赫然发发一个发法发条——语语语语语语语语语语语语语 “有一种关系分句（即语语语语），它既是先行发的后置修发发（即语语），同发又是发外一个语语语语语语语语语 语语语语补 ”此分句发发就被嵌入在定发从句中，即嵌入式关系分句。 语 语 语 语 语 In his breast-pocket he had a patch of scarlet, which i suppose was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief. 语语语语语 1语语语 which was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief 语 语 语 patch of scarlet 语语语语语补 2语语语 which补patch of scarlet补 was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief 语 语 i suppose 语语 语语语语语 I suppose 补that补 the patch of scarlet was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief 补 发上所述，当一个定发从句同发是发一个主发发发的发发从句是，就可以写发嵌入式关系分句。

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

215. (GWD-3-Q3) A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits. A. which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing B. which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing C. which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of D. including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing E. including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of 语 语 语 语 语 A study urged to undertake remedies to…, including establishing…, closing…语and requiring….

语语语 句子发发（grammatical construction补 发发意思（logical predication补 1. 定发从句关系代发which语 语 语 2. and补 补 补 补 补 3. limit做发发发的固定搭配：limit to + 界限； limit on doing sth.(做某事的限制) 语 语 语 size limits 大小、发模限制 4. urge的固定搭配：urge sb. to do sth. a quantity of fish that has been caught at one time 5. shark catches: 捕发量，此 catch意发 发

语语语语语 A. which 离 其 发发 上 所 指 的 remedies 太 发 ， 且 如 果 指 代 remedies 不 发 用 发 数 includes 语 the establishment of不如发发establishing发发，而且与后面的closing不平行。 B. which补 includes 发发 同 A语limits to the size of sharks that can be caught 不 发发发 ，直接用 size limits补 shark catches就行 C. which发发同A语the establishment of补 the closing of名发短发不发发且和requiring不平行 D. correct语including语语remedies语including是介发，其跳发能力比which语 E. limits to the size of sharks that can be caught 不发发发 ，直接用 size limits 补 shark catches 就行； the establishment of 补 the closing of 名发短发不发发且和 requiring 不平行

216. (T-3-Q39) (语语-7-39, OG12-18) Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than are fungi, in the form of carbon dioxide, and converting it to energy-rich sugars. A. Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than are fungi, B. Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than fungi, C. Plants are more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon, D. Plants, more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon,

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

E. Plants acquire carbon more efficiently than fungi, 语语语语语Ps are more efficient than Fs at doing sth., …, and doing sth. …

语语语 补 补 补 comparison补 发发意思（logical predication补 1. 比发双方要发等。

语语语语语 A. 语语语in the form of carbon dioxide语 语 语 语 语 语 fungi语converting补 补 补 acquiring补补 B. Than后面需要发are，否 出 发 有 acquiring fungi的歧 发 ；后面的 in the form of carbon dioxide语语语 语语语fungi语converting补 补 补 acquiring补补 C. Correct语in the form of carbon dioxide语语carbon D. “, more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon,” 作 发 插入 发 ，使得句子没有 发发发 西，并且 and没有平行发象 E. 比发发象发发会发致carbon补 fungi发比的歧发；修发发发同A

语语语语语 1. OG12-18语语 Logical predication; Grammatical construction This sentence compares how efficiently plants and fungi acquire carbon and convert it into sugars. The sentence construction needs to make clear that plants and fungi are the two topics being compared, and it must also clarify that in the form of carbon dioxide refers to carbon rather than to either plants or fungi. A According to the sentence grammar, in the form of carbon dioxide describes fungi, which is nonsensical. B This sentence claims that plants acquire carbon more efficiently than they acquire fungi, which is also nonsensical; the form of carbon dioxide still modifies fungi. C Correct. The sentence clearly compares plants to fungi, and in the form of carbon dioxide correctly modifies carbon. D This sentence is grammatically incomplete; there is no verb for the subject plants. E As in B, this sentence claims that plants acquire carbon more efficiently than they acquire fungi; it is also grammatically incomplete because and converting does not clearly refer to anything. The correct answer is C. 2. 关于比发，摘自prep发发 1-128补 语语-语语语语 1. 发主发发全的句型主发比发： A do sth than B do.补AB发发等名发，加do是发了发示发是一个可以发出 发作的名发，因而确定是主发，发而确定是主发发比）。发发要据后定。There be 句型等同于一般的主 发发俱全的句型。 主发若相同，可省，但助发发不能省。如： As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate, [fewer people] will enter the labor force [in the 1980’s] than (people补 补 ) did [in the 1960’s and 1970’s], a twenty-year period during which people born after the war swelled the ranks of workers. 2. 发只有主发（如果主发有定发成分，必发要 that/those来指代），没有发发的句子，因发没有发发，只 可能有主发比发，因而不需要重复do来确发发是一个可发出发作的主发，所以其比发形式如下： I eat faster than you. 注意与下句区发 I eat apple faster than you do 语 语 语 语 I eat apple faster than www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

you 语GMAC的理解，从发法上就发成我吃苹果比吃你快，成了发发比发。发发上发然不通。 3. 主系表发发的比发与主发发发相同。如果发发不一致，发需发出助发，如： The economy of Florida is more diversified than it was ten years ago

217. (T-3-Q17) (语语-7-14) Not one of the potential investors is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were not to be concluded. A. is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were B. is expected to make an offer for buying First Interstate Bank until they sign a merger agreement including a provision for penalties if the deal was C. is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement be signed by them with a provision for penalties if the deal were D. are expected to make an offer for buying First Interstate Bank until it signs a merger agreement with a provision for penalties included if the deal was E. are expected to be making an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until they sign a merger agreement including a provision for penalties if the deal were 语 语 语 语 语 Not one of n.s is expected to do sth. until a MA is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were not to be concluded.

语语语 补补补 补 补 agreement补 发发用发（idiom补 1. (not) one of the+名发复数+发数形式发发；Not one of =none of补 2. 虚发发气：与将来事发相反，条件从句的 be发发一律用 发发 were to+发发原形。 3. 被发发发未必比主发发发差，被发发发有其特殊功能，比如可以避免写出发作发出者来避免发发或累发补

语语语语语 A. Correct语a merger agreement引发的句子并不是if the deal were的主句， If the deal were语语If语 语 理解发“in case (that)”，后接虚发发 气，由此可发虚发条件句不一定非要虚发主句才能使用（ if the deal were 发 个用法其 发 也和 if any 发 似，作 发 独立成分出 发 在句中）； a merger agreement is signed that includes补that没有直接与a merger agreement相发而且跳发了发发发发 修发，发发 明关系代发短距离跳发指代是允发的 B. 表示发作的目的用to do补 for buying更好，表示一个发作发向；they无指代；虚发发气用用was语语 C. be signed语语语语语with a provision语语be signed，意思成了需要一个条例来发范”语语”发一发作，而不 再是发署有发一条例的发发； them补 an offer发复数不匹配，一个投发者只能有一个 offer，并不需要 写出 by them D. are发发，主发不一致；For buying发发同B；虚发发气用was语语语It语 语 语 E. are 发发，主发不一致；they 补 an offer 发复数不匹配，一个投发者只能有一个 offer，发发发么写好 像在发只要一有投发者，那么所有的潜在投发者都要发署 agreement，所以最好的写法是通发被发发 发来避免直接写出发作行使者 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

语语语语语 1. 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 发发发指代，如本句a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision语 2. 语语none of(by windmaple)语None可以等于not one（ 发发 用 发 数），也可以等于 not any（发发用 复 数 ） ， 发 个 是 有 争 发 的 ， Manhattan Review SC 语 语 SANAM 补 none 要 看 情 况 定 发发发 复 数 ； manhattan forum上的发发是：因发none语OG语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语

218. (GWD7-Q4) Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—less than those killed by bee stings. A. movies—less than those B. movies—fewer than have been C. movies, which is less than those D. movies, a number lower than the people E. movies, fewer than the ones 语 语 语 语 语 Only seven people this century have been killed by … --- fewer than have been killed…

语语语 语语 语 comparison语 语 语 语 语 语 idiom语 1. 比发双方发等。 2. people作发人民发的发候是复数名发，所以用 few语 语little语 3. 破折号在本发中有语语语语语语语的含发：被蜜蜂发死的人比被发发吃人的白发吃掉的人发多。破折号其他 语语 语 prep 1-182 4. as,than语语语语语语语语语语(语prep 1-202)

语语语语语 A. less语语语seven people语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 fewer语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 seven people，后文用those语 语 语 语 语 people，失去了”语 语 语 语 ”，所以是发发的，唯一一个好的解决方 语 语 than后面省略主发，后面发出 have been，发省略的主发自发发有”语 语 ”语语 B. correct语than可以即做发发又做代发 （当然 发 可以做介 发 ），即 than作发比发发发的同发 指代了 people(语prep 1-202)；发外破折号的使用是适合的 C. which语 语 语 the great white shark(或者也可以发是指代 man-eater，其发发发 上无区发，所以可 以 发 是指代等价的 )，使得 发发发发 ，并不是 shark less than…语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 seven people are fewer than…语less语 语 语 语 A语than语语语语have been语语A语 D. a number 同 位 发 与 其 所 修 发发 象 seven people 语 语 语 number 语 语 语 people 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 people语语语”语 语 语 语 ” E. the ones语语”语 语 ”概念，无法与seven发行数发上的比发； than后面发发用句子与前面意群平行。

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

语语语语语 语语语语 aeoluseros 比发发发是 SC 里面的重中之重与必考知发点。比发发然只是一个知发点，但其考法发化多发，一会发 发比发，一会主发比发，一会状发比发，而在比发中发要看比发双方是否具有可比性，比发发发中是否可 以省略等等。GMAT 发于比发也一直没有非常明确的用法发明：什么发的形式是可以接受，什么发的发不 可以。即便分析完所有自从大全到 OG12 的发目，也发下定发发以后比发的考法，以后不会再出新的花发。 不发不发如何，到发在位置比发发出发了不下百次，发上百个比发发的分析发我发多少也能发 GMAT 的发 度发发一二。不同的人看待比发的发角不同，可能有不同的解发，但是就如果股市里的技发指发一发，我 发不是追求看法的发发正确性，而是追求发看法、发点是否适合自己，是否能发自己发利、做发发。当然， 补补 GMAT 发法里的不确定性发发比那些股市技发指发要小，因此多看一些前发关于比发的发发，我发或发 能得出几乎接近”语 语 ”的比发发做法。我在此列出的发点亦发代表个人，予大家以批判参考。 OG10-19. In addition to having more protein than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet. (A) the protein in rice is higher quality than that in (B) rice has protein of higher quality than that in (C) the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in (D)rice protein is higher in quality than it is in (E) rice has a protein higher in quality than In this sentence, the initial clause modifies the nearest noun, identifying it as the thing being compared with wheat. By making protein the noun modified, choices A, C, and D illogically compare wheat with protein( 语 语 In addition to having more protein than wheat does 语语语语语语) and claim that the protein in rice has more protein than wheat does. In C and D, the comparative structure higher in quality than it is in wheat absurdly suggests that rice protein contains wheat. B, the best choice, logically compares wheat to rice by placing the noun rice immediately after the initial clause. B also uses that to refer to protein in making the comparison between the proteins of rice and wheat. Choice E needs either that in or does after wheat to make a complete and logical comparison. 语 E 可以看出，用 than that in wheat 语 than does wheat 都可以， 但发并不能发明在其他的比发发发中也能用 that in，而不是用主发(语)发发来与 than 前面的发发平行。 在发个句子里：Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than have been killed by bee stings.后面的比发成分是不可以 语语less than those killed by bee stings 的。具体原因如下： 语 rice has a protein higher in quality than that in wheat 发个句子里，比发发象是 protein 语 that语that 语 语 语 语 语 protein语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 protein语rice has 不在比发成分之内，比发的是 protein 的属性），所以允发平行。而在 Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …语语语 语 语 Only seven people语 语语语 this century have been killed by the great white shark 也都在比发发象里面，所以后文不能用 those killed by bee stings，而发发用平行的发发 than have been killed语 再比如发个句子(GWD-29-24)语According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than (that of) livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health. 发个句子不发。其在 livestock 前加上 that of…比发的发象是 animals has less fat 语 that语that 语 语 fat，而事发上比发的发发是 wild animals 语 livestock 的属性，即发有 fat 的多少 语 补 补 than 后面也发发用平行的句式，即主发发形式。正确句子发：According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health.。要注意的一点：在此省略了相同的发发和发发（因发不会 语 wild animals have livestock 的歧发，只要发发上基本成立，GMAT 并不发发所有没有发出发发发发 的形式都是”ambiguities”的）。（原句不发的发外一个发据： more of a kind of fat 语 语 语 语 语 (than…)，而省略的部分发发和 less total fat than 后面的发 句是一致的，发发 才能省略 发发发 上看省略的必发 语livestock，而不能是 that of livestock，因此 less total fat than 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 livestock语语

219. (GWD-12-Q20) Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established the Library of Congress. A. Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established B. The act of Congress, which was approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established C. The act of Congress approved April 24, 1800, which made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., and established D. Approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., the act of Congress also established E. Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also establishing 语语语语语Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for sth…., also established

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 logical predication语 语 语 语 语 语 grammatical construction语 1. 语 语 语 语 语 2. The acts of Congress：国会立法案(act不需要大写 )语语public laws语语语private laws。本发只要理 解国会立法案不发发只有一个就能作出答案。 3. 限定性修发与非限定性修发的区发。 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

语语语语语 A. Correct语the act of Congress是主发也是发发 主发；法律法发的具体的内容要用 ving语 语 语 语 语 语 发发 定捕的 发 必 发 小于一定尺寸，但此 发made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C. 意发“提供了政府迁移的相关条 款” ，并没有发明法律法发的具体内容，所以限定性定从更合适。 B. that引发的限定性定发从句不能被改发 which引发的非限定性定发从句，因发“发发的立法案是特指搬 迁首都的那个” ，因此必发用 that引发的非限制性定发从句（如果用 which引发的非限定性定发从句， 补imply了“国会立法案就只有1800年发布的那一个” ，发背常 making作 发）；发伴 approved的 随 发果状发，发发意思不 合理，其发发是发明act语 语 语 语 语 语 act C. which指代太发不及A语语and的插入使得前面分句没有发发，后面分句没有主发。 D. 主 发 前面部分冗 发awkward语making作 发 非限定性修 发 ，使得句子表 发 的是 act of Congress只有那 么一个，发背常发。 E. The act of Congress少了限定性定发 从句的修发 ，使得句子表发 的是 act of Congress只有那么一 个， 发 背常 发 ； establish语make provision 发发 上是同一 发 次的，不 发发 把 establish作发伴随发果 (补补 含发也发得不合理)，所以要不把also establishing语语and also establish，要不改发同A发发一发。

220. (GWD-24-8, OG12-86) The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years. A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen 语语语语语The results … are evident in its profits, which have increased 5% during the first three months of this year…

语语语

语 语 语 语 语 grammatical construction语 语 语 语 语 语 logical predication语 1. with独立主格发发： 语“with ＋发发＋发发” 发成的复合发发，在句中可作状发，表示伴随。发一发发中的发发发足发可由发在分发、发 语语语 E.g.: Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline. E.g.: He used to sleep, with the door open. 他发去常开着发睡发。（形容发） E.g.: With a boy leading the way语they started towards the village. （发在分发） E.g.: With the work done语he went home. （发去分发） E.g.: With you to help us语we will finish the task in time. （不定式）

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

2. 发发发发。 3. AlienX: after having done something是不可能发的 1) after已 表 示 the sequence of events. 没有必要用having done来表示前后 2) 语 语 after someone/something has/have done something语acceptable; 如果发成 after someone/something did something也可以

语语语语语 A. Increased语have increased都可以，只是表 发的意 发不同，如果发句发写于今年 3月底，那么就用 have increased，要是写于4月及以后就用increased(补 补 补 OG12的解发略有不同)语it语 语 profits语语 语语语语after it fell语语语after it had fallen补 over the last two years搭配，但是不如 after falling语语 B. it语 语 语 A；发发发发 ，主句用are evident一般发 在发 ，从句和主句发发 上不能有 gap(manhattan SC #4 P111)，因此从句不能用 发 去完成 发which had increased，正确写法 发发 是 which have increased C. Correct语after falling发发，状发从句的省略 D. with独立主格修发 前面的分句，而不是 its profits语 语 语 语 语 语 falling的 发发 主 发 也成了 results语语 语语 E. with语 语 语 D语after having done语 语 语

语语语语语 OG12-86补 补 Verb form; Agreement; Idiom This sentence describes two sequentially ordered indicators by which the results of a company’s cost cutting measures can be seen. The first indicator to be identified, a 5 percent increase in profits, occurred after the indicator mentioned next. The sentence therefore needs to clarify the sequence by presenting the first-identified indicator in a clause with a verb tense that indicates a later time period than the verb tense in the clause presenting the second-identified indicator( 发 发 发 发 区 分 发 作 先 后 发 序 ). The subject of the relative clause, which, refers to the plural noun profits, so subsequent pronouns referring to these profits must also be plural. A The verb tenses do not distinguish between the times at which these indicators occurred; the singular it does not agree with the plural profits. B The verb tenses do not distinguish between the times when the indicators occurred; the singular it does not agree with the plural profits. C Correct. The verb tenses clearly indicate the sequence of events. D It is not clear what connection is being described by with; the prepositional phrase makes the sentence wordy and unclear. E It is not clear what connection is being described by with; the prepositional phrase makes the sentence wordy and unclear.

221. (GWD-12-Q34) In an attempt to guarantee the security of its innovative water purification method, the www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

company required each employee to sign a confidentiality agreement prohibiting that its water purification methods be disclosed to companies using an analogous purification process. A. prohibiting that its water purification methods be disclosed to companies B. prohibiting them from the disclosing of its water purification methods to any company C. prohibiting disclosure of its water purification methods to any company D. that would prohibit them from disclosure of its water purification methods to companies E. that would prohibit its water purification methods to be disclosed to a company 语 语 语 语 语 In an attempt to do sth., the company require employee to do sth. prohibiting disclosure of sth. to any company using an analogous purification process.

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 idiom语 1. prohibit语 语 语 语 语 prohibit sth语prohibit from doing语prohibit sb from doing 2. 指代发发。

语语语语语 A. prohibit that语语语语语 B. prohibit sb from doing，发里prohibit sb from sth语语语the disclosing语语语语disclose有其名发形 式，直接用disclosure语them无指代，前面的employee语语语 C. correct语prohibit sth.是 发 用法；因 发 后面未划 发 部分已 发 用了 analogous，所以前面只需要any company，而不必any other company来特意把自己公司排除开来 D. 语语agreement的内容用发在分发作定发修发更合适；them语 语 语 语 prohibit sb from sth语语 E. 语语agreement的内容用发在分发作定发修发更合适；prohibit sth. to be done语语

222. (GWD-1-Q34) Although people in France consume fatty foods at a rate comparable to the United States, their death rates from heart disease are far lower in France. A. people in France consume fatty foods at a rate comparable to the United States, their B. people in France and the United States consume fatty foods at about the same rate, the C. fatty foods are consumed by people in France at a comparable rate to the United States's, their D. the rate of fatty foods consumed in France and the United States is about the same, the E. the rate of people consuming fatty foods is about the same in France and the United States, the 语 语 语 语 语 Although people in France & US consume fatty foods at about the same rate, the death rates from heart disease are far lower in France. www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 logical predication语 语 语 语 语 语 grammatical construction语 1. 比发发象。 2. 语 语 语 语 语

语语语语语 A. rate语US比发，比发发 象不发等their ； 发完全指代，故 their语 语 people in France, 代入句中即death retes of people in France…are far lower in France，发发重复 B. Correct C. Their语 语 People in France发发；被发的使用awkward语the United States's后面的省略无法发原语 比发发 象不明确 D. the rate of fatty foods 发 ，不是 foods语rate语 语 语 语 语 consuming foods语rate语consumed in France and the United States语 语 语 语 语 语 the United States语 语 in语 语 语 语 语 rate语语语rates语 且发发发发改发 are E. the rate of people 发发 ，不是 people语rate 语 语 语 语 the rate of consumption 语 语 语 rate 语语语 rates，且发发发发改发复数，在the United States语 语 in

223. (GWD-23-Q23) After several years of rapid growth, the health care company became one of the largest health care providers in the metropolitan area, while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its payment to doctors and hospitals. A. while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its payment to B. while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business and fell months behind in its payment to C. but then it proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its paying D. but then proving unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in paying E. but then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in paying 语语语语语 the company became one of the largest providers, but then proved unable to handle sth., falling months behind in panying

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 idiom语 语 语 语 语 语 grammatical construction语 1. 同一个发发的语语语语语语语语形式含发不同。通常来发，名发形式比发名发形式发发: payment语paying补语 development语developing好，发于没有发发名发形式的发发，再发发用发名发。 2. While在表示发折发比发，有发件events同发发生的含发。

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

语语语语语 A语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 while语语”at the same time“的含发在里面，与then矛盾，并发句意发成了 the health care company expanding and falling 是 同 发发 生 的 ， 但 是 发发 上 发发 是 先 became largest，然后再fell语its payment没有发发，只是没有in paying to语语 B语 while语 语 语 语 A语fall用发名发形式做伴随状发更好，因发fall语handle并不属于同一发次，而是属于 unable to handle的发果； its payment没有发发，只是没有in paying to语语 C语 语语语it多余，可以省略 (effctiveness)语in its paying，使得paying从发发发成了发名发，不发发，且 paying 发个 发作就是 the health care company 发行的，所以不用加上 its语prep.+one’s+doing语 往是不发发的，要多加留意 D语 proving发发，发发直接用prove E语 Correct语Proved通常用主发表示被发，but语 语 语 语 语 it语 语 语 语 语 语 语

语语语语语 1. but后面本来是发发加句子的，但是在主发相同的情况下可以省略主发。

224. (GWD-12-Q13) Although energy prices have tripled in the United States over the last two years, research indicates few people to have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do, nor are they making fuel efficiency a priority when shopping for cars. A. few people to have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do, nor are they making B. few people having significantly reduced the amount of driving they do or made C. that there are few people who have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do, nor having made D. that few people have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do and are not making E. that few people have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do or made 语语语语语Although…, research indicates that few people have reduced the amount of driving they do or made fuel efficiency a priority when shopping for cars.

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 logical predication语 平行发发（parallelism语 1. the amount of driving they do语语they do是定 发从句，先行 发the amount of driving在定从中 语 语 语 语 语 that，发原也即do the amount of driving，发似于do a lot of homework/driving语语 formal problem里出发do driving发发“不太正式”的发发其发发是有点令人发异的。 2. 比发发发中的省略。 3. Nor语语语语语语 1) nor用在否定句中表示“也不”的意思 2) neither A nor B后面跟的发发发发由B语语: Neither we nor they want it. (来自 AHD的例子)，发明由B语 语 语 语

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

再看发个来自jukuu的例子： 1. Neither menus nor dialog boxes have this immediate property. Each one requires an intermediate step, sometimes more than one. 2. Neither the salesman nor the supervisor has been notified of the sale. 语语语语neither语语语语 They were not in Shanghai at that time. Neither (nor) were we. They are not from England. Neither (nor) is she. 4. indicate语 语 语 语 语 语 indicate (to sb.) something/that… 发示，展发

语语语语语 A语 indicate few people to have done语语语语语they语 语 few people，已 发是否定含发 了不需要再有 nor，只要用or就好； are making语reduced语 语 语 语 语 语 语 made B语 indicate语 语 语 A语having done是非发发发发中发在分发的完成式，使得从句没有发发发发。 C语 there are语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 (语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 )语 having made语have reduced不平行；因发前后主发都是few people，不需要用 nor来发接。 D语 and前后不平行，并且后面半句发成了 few people are not making…于原句意思相悖；and语 语 语 句中是“或”的意思，要用or来表示“和”。 E语 correct语made语 语 语 语 have语have reduced语have made平行，也即 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 have语

225. (GWD-1-Q24) By sucking sap from the young twigs of the hemlock tree, tree growth is retarded by the woolly adelgid, causing needles to change color from deep green to grayish green and to drop prematurely. A. tree growth is retarded by the woolly adelgid, causing needles to change color from deep green to grayish green and to drop B. tree growth is retarded by the woolly adelgid, and this causes the color of needles to change from deep green to grayish green, and their dropping C. the woolly adelgid retards tree growth, which causes needles to change color from deep green to grayish green, and dropping D. the woolly adelgid retards tree growth, causing needles to change color from deep green to grayish green and to drop E. the woolly adelgid retards tree growth, and this causes the color of needles to change from deep green to grayish green, and then their dropping 语语语语语By sucking sap from tree …, the woolly adelgid retards tree growth, causing needles to change color … and to drop prematurely.

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 logical predication语 平行发发（parallelism语 1. 发在在句首，发发主发发等于主发。 2. and语 语 语 语 语 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

3. which不能指代前面整句发，但是in which case就可以，因发是固定搭配

语语语语语 A. tree growth语语suck sap from tree，因此sucking的发发主发发发 B. sucking语语语语语语语this不能裸奔，如果要指代前面整句，需加上发的概括性名发发成 this + n.语 their dropping补 to change语 语 语 语 their语 语 语 C. GMAT发法中Which无法指代前面整句；dropping语to change语 语 语 D. Correct语causing作伴随发果； to change语to drop语 语 E. this语 语 语 B语cause the color of needles to change语 语 cause needles to change color语语语 and语 语 语 语 语 their语 语 语

226. (GWD-3-Q1) The four-million-year-old fossilized skeleton known as Lucy is so small compared with many other skeletons presumed to be of the same species, and so some paleontologists have argued that Lucy represents a different lineage. A. presumed to be of the same species, and so B. presumed to be of the same species that C. presumed that they are of the same species, and so D. that they have presumed to be of the same species, so that E. that they have presumed are of the same species, and 语语语语语The skeleton is so small compared with many other skeletons presumed to be of the same species that some Ps have argued that…

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 idiom语 1. so….that补 补 2. 发发有效性 3. Presume语 语 语 语 语 语 presume的固定搭配，表示假发的发候就发三种用法： presume that I presume we'll be there by six o'clock. presume somebody/something to be somebody/something (补 补 补 From the way he talked, I presumed him to be your boss. be presumed to do something The temple is presumed to date from the first century BC.

sth. presumed to be)

语语语语语 A. B. C. D.

so…that语 语 语 语 语 语 and so发用没发发 correct语so…that比发发，但不可忽略 语presumed to be更发发 ；后and 面 so语语语so…that语 语 语 they have presumed中是主发，但发发发当是被发；so…so that语 语 语 语 语

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

E. they have presumed中是主 发 ，但 发发发 当是被 发 ； have presumed are 发 个 发发发发发发 ； so…that语 语 语 语 语 语

227. (GWD-3-Q41) In ancient Thailand, much of the local artisans' creative energy was expended for the creation of Buddha images and when they constructed and decorated the temples that enshrined them. A. much of the local artisans' creative energy was expended for the creation of Buddha images and when they constructed and decorated the temples that enshrined them B. much of the local artisans' creative energy was expended on the creation of Buddha images and on construction and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined C. much of the local artisans' creative energy was expended on the creation of Buddha images as well as constructing and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined D. creating images of Buddha accounted for much of the local artisans' creative energy, and also constructing and decorating the temples enshrining them E. the creation of Buddha images accounted for much of the local artisans' creative energy as well as construction and decoration of the temples that enshrined them 语 语 语 语 语 … energy was expended on the creation of Buddha images and on construction and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined.

语语语 平行发发（parallelism语 语 语 语 语 语 logical predication语 语 语 语 语 语 idiom语 1. and前后要平行 2. expend语 语 语 语 语 expend sth. in/on (doing) sth. 3. enshrine语语语语语enshrine in语be enshrined in (enshrine通常用被发发发)

语语语语语 A. for the creation of Buddha images 语 when they constructed 语 语 语 ; they constructed 补 constructed 发 发 用 被 发 发 发 ； expend for 语 语 语 语 语 temples enshrine them 语 语 语 unidiomatic语enshrine通常用被发发发 B. correct；大平行发着小平行，因发which语 语 temples，所以they就无歧发的指向之前唯一一个复数 语 语 images C. A as well as B 有 主 次 发 序 ， A 语 语 语 语 语 B 是 次 要 的 ， 改 发 句 意 ； construct 有 发发 的 名 发 construction，不发发用—ing形式，而且要平行也要在前面加个on语 D. construct 语 decorate 有 发发发发 的 名 发 ； and 前 后 也 不 平 行 ； temples enshrine them 语 语 语 unidiomatic语enshrine通常用被发发发 E. as well as语 语 语 C；平行少on语temples enshrine them语语语unidiomatic语enshrine通常用被发发 补

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

228. (GWD-8-Q2) Thelonious Monk, who was a jazz pianist and composer, produced a body of work both rooted in the stride-piano tradition of Willie (The Lion) Smith and Duke Ellington, yet in many ways he stood apart from the mainstream jazz repertory. A. Thelonious Monk, who was a jazz pianist and composer, produced a body of work both rooted B. Thelonious Monk, the jazz pianist and composer, produced a body of work that was rooted both C. Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk, who produced a body of work rooted D. Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk produced a body of work that was rooted E. Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk produced a body of work rooted both 语 语 语 语 语 Jazz pianist and composer TM produced a body of work that was rooted in s-p tradition of WS and DE, yet …

语语语 平行发发（parallelism语 语 语 语 语 语 logical predication语 1. both…and平行发发，正确的搭配是Both X and Y 语 Both in X and in Y. 2. 关于发位、称号的同位发的用法，发发充发明

语语语语语 A. 用非限定性定发从句不如用同位发发发；both…and…语 语 语 语 语 语 B. Thelonious Monk, the jazz pianist and composer 语 语 Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk语语语both语 语 语 A语 C. “, who…Duke Ellington,…”，句子发发发成了“主发+定发从句 +发折句”，中发没有发发。 D. Correct语 E. both语 语 语 A

语语语语语 关于同位发用法中的the和逗号（如B发发中的TM, the jazz pianist and composer语--摘 自Manhattan语 1. if you preface someone's name with a noun describing their occupation (or other word describing what that person does), WITHOUT AN ARTICLE, OR WITH THE DEFINITE ARTICLE "THE", you DO NOT use a comma. 如果把发位、称号放在人名前面，语 语语语语语语语语语语语语，就不用逗号（本发的情况）。 example: Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk ... --> correct 语语语 (1)if you are using "THE (description) (name)" to introduce someone for the first time, then you DON'T use a comma.但有要注意：当发位、称号前是定冠发发，如果是第一次提到某 人，是不必用逗号的 example: The author Ernest Hemingway was known for his drunken and violent escapades. www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

--> here we are introducing hemingway, so we don't use a comma. (2)if you have already introduced two or more people, but you are using "THE (description) to single out one of them, then you DO use a comma. example语 Among her friends were an author and a painter; the author, Ernest Hemingway, went on to become an icon of American literature. --> we've already introduced "the author"; this time we use a comma to single him out. 2. if there's an indefinite article (a/an), you DO use a comma. 如果前面有不定冠发，就要用逗 语语 example A jazz pianist and composer, Thelonious Monk ... --> correct 3. if it's an adjective, you DO use a comma. 如果前面不是发位、称号，而是一个形容发，那就要用 语语语 example: Creative and original, Thelonious Monk ... --> correct

229. (T-9-Q34) Just like the background in art history needed by an archaeologist in order to evaluate finds of ancient art, the nautical archaeologist needs specialized knowledge of the history and theory of ship design in order to understand shipwrecks. A. Just like the background in art history needed by an archaeologist in order to evaluate finds of ancient art, the B. Just as an archaeologist who needs a background in art history to evaluate finds of ancient art, a C. Just as an archaeologist needs a background in art history to evaluate finds of ancient art, so a D. Like the archaeologist who evaluates finds of ancient art and requires a background in art history, so the E. As evaluating finds of ancient art requires an archaeologist who has a background in art history, so the 语语语语语Just as an archaeologist needs a BG in …, so a nautical archaeologist needs knowledge of…

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 idiom语 1. just as A do, so B do平行比发发发的发发搭配：意思是：就如同A…B… *: 语语语as是不能用 like,whereas语 语 语 语 like…so…不符合搭配发发，发发去掉 so… *: just as with语just like都是很 wordy语 2. 下面五种形式都发（后三种发烈发气，不可以随意发掉 so）前后都要用语语，不能只用短发。 Just as A do, B do. www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

A do, just as B do. Just as … , so … Just as you sow, so you will reap 主从句要尽量形式发称 Just as … , as … Just as you sow, as you will reap 主从句要尽量形式发称 Just as … , so too … 主句要部分倒装(so too 后是主句) Just as you sow, so too will you reap  so with 是发发发发。(prep 1-15)  as with 的发发在日常发法中是发的 (语 语 语 “正如……的情况一发”语 语 语 语 as is the same with 的省略式，with 后面常跟名发、发名发或 what 从句 )语 (1) As with other forward contracts, the cash settlement amount is the amount necessary to compensate the party who would be disadvantaged by the actual change in market rates as of the settlement date. (2) As with most diseases and disasters, the young suffer the most. 就像大部分的疾病和灾发一发，最遭罪的是年发人。 (3) As with drawing a picture, you should be patient and careful in doing this job. 正如画画一发，你发发耐心并且发真做发发工作。 (4) As with what I said, he failed again. 正如我所发的，他又一次失发了。 语语语 GMAT 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语: 补 补 938. With diamonds, as with all gems, you should ask for a written description of your purchase; the description may prove useful later if you have reason to believe the jeweler misled you. 语 语 语 as with the case + prep. (of/with/in) + sth. 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 as is the case + prep. (of/with/in) + sth. prep 1-39 As is the case with traditional pharmacies, prescriptions are the cornerstone of a successful on-line drugstore, since it is primarily prescriptions that attract the customers, who then also buy other health related items.  in the same way that…, as/so…也是发发发发  like…, so/as…也是发发发发：like 的比发必发是发格发称的 3. to 语 in order to 语 语 语 语 语 prep1-13 1-65 1-144语 (1) in order to 语 语 to 发发，但是 in order to 有发发含发，所以未必发。 prep1-101 Many environmentalists, and some economists, say that free trade encourages industry to relocate to countries with ineffective or poorly enforced antipollution laws, mostly in the developing world, and that, in order to maintain competitiveness, rich nations have joined this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution. (2) in order for sth. to do/be语in order that 语 in order to do sth.都可以。 I am saving money in order that I can buy a house. 我正在发发，以便我能发一所房子。 (3) in order to 不能做主发，只能做状发；不定式可以做主发，因发它可以做名发成分。 (4) in order to 因发只做状发，所以不会修发前面名发， to do 可以做定发，所以有修发前面名发的 语语语 Prep1-13 Unlike most severance packages, which require workers to stay until their last scheduled day in order to collect, the automobile company's severance package is available to workers. www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

(5) in order to 语 to 都不用考发发发主发。 Prep1-1 To meet the rapidly rising market demand for fish and seafood, suppliers are growing fish twice as fast as they grow naturally, cutting their feed allotment by nearly half and raising them on special diets. 201. To be successful, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should begin within one to four minutes after a cardiac arrest. 957. In order to protect the public, by law only a qualified physician can prescribe medicine. Manhattan CR 语 To help regulate the internal temperature of the tree, the outermost layers of wood of the Brazilian ash often peel away when the temperature exceeds 95 degrees Fahrenheit, leaving the tree with fewer rings than it would otherwise have.

语语语语语 A. B. C. D.

just like补 补 wordy语 the background语the nautical archaeologist语 语 语 语 in order to语 语 to语语 just as语语语语so/as/so too搭配，比发发发发发 just ； as后面句子主发不完整 correct like…, so… 比发发发发发 ； evaluates finds of ancient art and requires a background in art history打破了原来的目的状evaluate语语语 发发发， requires a BG in art history的目的 E. as…, so...比发发发发发；前一个分句更改原句合理句意；as…,so…语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语

语语语语语 语语语语just as语语语—by aeoluseros what = just as,意发“恰像，犹如，好比”用作发发,引发比发状发从句 (1) 发用句式是：A is to B what C is to D. 语 语 “ A补 B而言正如C补 D一发”例如： Air is to us What water is to fish. 空气发于我发 (语语to语语语语语语语) 犹如水发于发。 (2) 语语“A is for B what C is for D.”句式。例如： Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 厨发离不了家禽正如画家离不开画布一 语语for语语 “ 语 … 语语 ” 语 发。（ (3) what 引发的从句也可以放在句首,语 语 语 语 : What C is to D, that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.) 在发一发发中，发体在前，主体在后，相当于“ just as...,so...”补 补 ,语 语 语 语 “ A补 B而言正如C补 D一发”例 语: What blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation. 语=Just as blood vessel is to a man's body, so Railway is to transportation.）发路发于发发,好比血管发于人体 一发。 (4) 需要注意的是what不可以直接被just as语 语 语 just as需要有遵循属于自己的平行比发格式。 如下 OG12-58语 发 A leading figure in the Scottish Enlightenment, Adam Smith’s two major books are to democratic capitalism what Marx’s Das Kapital is to socialism. (A) Adam Smith’s two major books are to democratic capitalism what (B) Adam Smith’s two major books are to democratic capitalism like (C) Adam Smith’s two major books are to democratic capitalism just as (D) Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism similar to (E) Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism what www.chasedream.com

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Idiom; Logical predication A leading figure in the Scottish Enlightenment describes Adam Smith, not his two books, so the name of Adam Smith must immediately follow the opening phrase. The comparison between Smith’s books and Marx’s book is expressed as a ratio, so the correct idiomatic expression is x is to y what a is to b. A The opening phrase is a dangling modifier because it describes Smith, not his books. B The opening phrase is a dangling modifier; like is an incorrect word for making the comparison. C The opening phrase is a dangling modifier; just as is an incorrect term for the comparison. D Similar to is an incorrect conclusion to the comparison introduced by are to. E Correct. The opening phrase is followed by the subject that it modifi es, Adam Smith, and the comparison of the two men’s work is presented idiomatically.

230. (T-4-Q4) Turning away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, in 1909 Selma Lagerlöf was the novelist who became the first woman and was also the first Swedish writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. A. Turning away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, in 1909 Selma Lagerlöf was the novelist who became the first woman and was also the first Swedish writer to win B. She turned away from literary realism and wrote romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, and novelist Selma Lagerlöf in 1909 became the first woman as well as the first Swedish writer that won C. Selma Lagerlöf was a novelist who turned away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, and in 1909 she became the first woman in addition to the first Swedish writer winning D. A novelist who turned away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, Selma Lagerlöf became in 1909 the first woman and also the first Swedish writer to win E. As a novelist, Selma Lagerlöf turned away from literary realism and wrote romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, in 1909 becoming the first woman and also the first Swedish writer that won 语语语语语A novelist who…, Selma Lagerlöf became…writer to win…

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 logical predication语 语 语 语 语 语 idiom语 1. 分发短发与发发主发之发插入发西不好。 2. the first…to do something语 “ 语 语 +不定式”，发用法。

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

语语语语语 A. in 1909语语Selma前面不好， turning away的修 发发 象 Selma语 语 语 语 (也是一个典型发发 )语in 1909 Selma Lagerlöf was the novelist荒的 发发SL语语语1909年才从发发 主发文学成发浪漫小发 家， 语语语1909年成发first woman…语and后面的多发了was语 语 语 语 语 语 SL是第一个女人，意思不发，发 补补was B. She语 语 语 语 and novelist Selma使得 发 个分句分裂成 发 个人的事； turn away from…to…语语语 from…and… 少 了 “ 弃 前 取 后 ” 的 发发 关 系 ； as well as 有 主 次 之 分 ， 分 开 了 first woman 语 first Wewdish writer 的平等关系，使得 that 语 语 语 语 Swedish writer ，使得前面 became the first woman成发第一个女人，意思不发 C. the first…winning语语语语语语语in addition的存在同发使句子含发犯了成发“第一个女人”的发发。 D. Correct；在 发 里如果去掉了 also反而不好了，如果就 X and Y语语语是用于指 发 个不同的人， 语语语语 also语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 ，不 发 去掉 also 发发 也不大； first woman语first Swedish writer补补 平起平坐 (凭发点就能排除 A,B,C)语the first…to do sth语语语语 E. from…and语 语 语 B语in 1909的位置不好，最好是放在becoming语语语that不能指代人；句子发发 上 主次发倒了，重心放到了前半部分。

语语语语语 who, whom只能指人，不可指物（如language语语语which语 语 语 语 which只能指物，不可指人 发发发法发定 that不能用于指人，而只能用that指思想发点、发物或不具有生命的物体(植物属于不具有生 命的物体)语语语whose, whose可以指人也可以指物(prep1-192) OG11-130里面发 that不能指代人，只能用who语 语 语 语 (发然发代英发用法中that可以用于不同情形下)

231. (T-9-Q38) The globalization of financial-services companies has been a boon to money launderers, because of allowing money placed in a bank in a less regulated jurisdiction to be transferred to a branch in a more regulated one. A. of allowing money placed in a bank in a less regulated jurisdiction to be transferred B. of allowing the transfer of money placed in a bank in a less regulated jurisdiction C. it allows that money placed in a bank in a less regulated jurisdiction is transferred D. it allows the transfer of money having been placed in a bank in a less regulated jurisdiction E. it allows money placed in a bank in a less regulated jurisdiction to be transferred 语语语语语The globalization has been a boon, because it allows sth. to be done.

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 idiom语 1. because of 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 2. allow语 语 语 语 语 语 (1) allow that语 语 /allow for补 补 补 , 补补/allow sb. to do sth.语语语 (2) allow sth. to be done也是发的；

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

(3) allow + sb. + 语 语 语 语 语

语语allow + 语 语 语 语 语

语

语语语语语 A. because of后面累发，混乱，awkward B. because of后面累发； allow sth.后所接的一发串发于累发 C. 语 语 allow 意 发 允 发 ， 发 需 要 用 allow sb. to do sth. 语 语 语 If "allows that" did mean "permits," you'd have to change the "is transferred" to "to be transferred,"语 D. Allow sth.后所接的一发串发于累发；having been不能做限定性修发 E. Correct

232. (TTGWD4-Q1) The Acoma and Hopi are probably the two oldest surviving Pueblo communities, both dating back at least a thousand years. A. both dating B. both of which have dated C. and each has dated D. and each one dating E. each one of which date 语语语语语A&P are the two oldest communities, both dating back at least 1000 years.

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 grammatical construction语 语 语 语 语 语 idiom语 1. each 型独立主格,语 语 语 语 语 语 ,语语语: 补补 + 复数名发发尾, each +语 语 语 语 /语 语 语 语 语 /-ed补补/-ing补补 2. 独立主格独立主格发发 （ Independent Genitive）有发部分发成，前一部份是名发或者代发，后一 部分是非发发发发(不定式、发名发和分发)或形容发、副发、或介发短发。前后发部分具有发发主发关系。 在句子中作状发，表示发发、原因、条件、伴随、目的、语语语语语 语

语语语语语 A. correct语both dating独立主格在此表示发充发明，与 each型独立主格同一原理；发里 both语each语 替代也可以；dating语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 B. which 语 语 语 语 two oldest surviving Pueblo communities ， 发 入 即 both of two oldest surviving Pueblo communities可以发发both语two语语语date的发在完成发有潜在含发发 “以后都不 是追溯到 1000年以前了”，要用一般发在发或者分发形式，分发形式的潜在发发与主句一致。 C. 语and作发并列发发割裂了前后关系；发在完成发发发同B D. and后面句子不完整(fragment) E. each one of which非限定性定发从句发发用发数，且定从不如同位发发发

233. (GWD-12-Q32) www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

Prospecting for gold during the California gold rush was a relatively easy task, because of erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds thrust to the surface by volcanic activity put gold literally within reach for anybody with a pan or shovel. A. because of erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds thrust to the surface by volcanic activity put gold literally within reach for B. because of erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and volcanic activity that thrust ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds to the surface, and putting gold literally within reach of C. owing to erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and volcanic activity that had thrust ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds to the surface, and putting gold literally within reach of D. since erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and volcanic activity that thrust ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds to the surface, putting gold literally within reach for E. since erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds thrust to the surface by volcanic activity put gold literally within reach of 语语语语语P was an easy task, since X, Y, and Z put gold within reach of… 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 语语语语

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 logical predication语 语 语 语 语 语 idiom语 1语 其他条件都发 足的情况下，一般表示原因用because，当后面的原因是推发的发候用for语 语 语 语 语 后面的原因是大家看到就知道(语 语 语 语 )语语as/since语 语 语 语 2语 reach for sth.：伸手抓某物；reach of sb.：在某人能触及到的范发内

语语语语语 A. because of不能接句子(发发发发是put)，且通常接发发的名发；reach for anybody语语语语 B. because of 后 的 核 心 名 发 是 erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and volcanic activity that thrust ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds to the surface ，而并不是”补补”， 发发 含 发发发 ； volcanic activity 语 语 语 put gold within reach of anybody 的 直 接 原 因 ， 而 是 gold-breaing riverbeds thrust to the surface的直接原因，所以第三个并列名发发发 是 ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds而不是volcanic activity语and putting和前面的名 发 短 发erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and volcanic activity that had thrust ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds to the surface发发上不能并列，发发上后者三个名发是Put的行发主使。 C. owing to语because of用法相似，发发亦同 B语语because of语had thrust用发去完成发表示了 thrust 发生在主句之前，thrust是个 可 发慢持发，至今仍在发生的发程，用发去完成发不合适； volcanic activity语 补 补 补 补 erosion语prehistoric glacier movement语 语 语 语 and putting语 语 语 B D. since从句没有发发发发 ， putting语语语put语reach for语 语 语 A；并不是火山发发 把金子放到触手可及 的地方，而是被火山发发能发推到地表的河床。 E. correct语since表示 发 其自然的原因，用在此最合适； erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds三者并列没有发发，三者确发都是行使put发一发作的事物， 发然前发个是抽象性名发，后者是具体的发物名发，但功能相同（发点，很容易因发发一点而排除了 E语语thrust在此发发去分发

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

语语语语语 小技巧： 发 于 发发 比 发发 的句子， 发发 名 发 可以 发发 忽略，就比如 发 里 erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds三者的并列完全可以只用X,Y,AND Z语 语 语 语

234. (GWD-24-36) The Industrial Revolution, making it possible to mass-produce manufactured goods, was marked by their use of new machines, new energy sources, and new basic materials. A. making it possible to mass-produce manufactured goods, was marked by their use of B. making possible the mass production of manufactured goods, marked by the use of C. which made it possible that manufactured goods were mass-produced, was marked by their using D. which made possible the mass production of manufactured goods, was marked by the use of E. which made the mass production of manufactured goods possible and was marked by using 语语语语语The IR, which made possible sth., was marked by the use of X, Y, and Z.

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 grammatical construction语 平行发发（parallelism语 1. make sth. adj语 语 语 语 语 sth.发发，可以发发发致：make adj. sth.语 2. and语 语 语 语 语

语语语语语 A. their无所指，若指代goods发发发意思发发；发然make it possible to do sth.搭配没有发发，但to mass-produce不定式表示发作发发 ，而 mass-produce goods是已发发 生的事发，所以用名发the mass production of manufactured goods更发恰当 B. 全句缺少发发发发，发在 marked语 语 was C. 语that引 发名 发性成分累发 ； manufactured goods were mass-produced( 发品 都 是 量 发 )改 发原句合理含 补(语语语语 )语their语 语 语 语 语 语 by their using发作发出者不明by ； one’s using补 补 D. correct语语make it possible to mass-produce语make possible the mass prodcution都没有发 补 E. 整个句子只有一个主发，没有发发；make sth. adj.语语语sth.太发通常后置adj.语语using的 到 发作发出者成了 Industrial Revolution，不合发发

235. (GWD-9-Q1) A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer's Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

A. Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man B. Black Americans—including Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison C. a Black American—including Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man D. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man E. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright's Native Son and Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man 语语语语语…, Book C… -- Book NS and Book Invisible Man…

语语语 平行发发（parallelism语 语 语 语 语 语 logical predication语 1. 主发是发，平行发称发发也是发。 2. 破折号在发里的用发是发充发明主句的内容

语语语语语 A. 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 Cane发本发，后面平行的也需要发发是发而不是人，所以后面的平行发发；发法 补 a black american语black americans都没有发，但在此用发数更 发清晰，明确指出了一本发 是一 个人写，而没有多个人写的歧发 B. Richard Wright's Native Son语Jean Toomer's Cane不发发称，不如 E好；发法上 a black american语 black americans都没有发 ，但在此用发数更发清晰，明确指出了一本发 是一个人写，而没有多个人 写的歧发 C. 破折号后面的平行发发同A D. 破折号后面的平行发发同A E. Correct语the others being用法正确， Jean Toomer's Cane语Richard Wright's Native Son语Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man平行的最漂亮完美：不发发都是发，而且都用了所有格。

语语语语语 1. being+n.不一定发。本发破折号后可以发原发句子：The others are RW’s NS and RE’s IM. 2. 语 语 语 Black Americans 语 语 语 a Black American ： 日 常 写 作 中 用 Black Americans 语 a Black American都可以，发发和发法都没有发发， GMAT家似乎发向于使用后者，更加清晰指出一本发是一 个人写。

236. (GWD-1-8 OG 12-66) The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whales and in fact include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting pods. A. include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is B. include the animal known as the killer whale, growing as big as 30 feet long and www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

C. include the animal known as the killer whale, growing up to 30 feet long and being D. includes the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow as big as 30 feet long and is E. includes the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and it is 语语语语语The 32 species are related to W and in fact include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for…

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 logical predication语 平行发发（parallelism语 语 语 语 语 语 idiom语 主发一致（agreement语 1. 如果前面主句是主发发发发(非主系表发发)，发在分发在句尾做状发。 2. grow as big as 40 feet语grow to be 30 feet long语 语 语 语 语

语语语语语 A. Correct语which语 语 the killer whale语grow to语is famous for语语语 B. growing做伴随状 发 修 发 了 发发发发 include语 语 语 语 the 32 species语语语语as big as语long语语语语 一个就好(size语length语 语 语 语 语 )语 C. growing语 语 语 B语being+adj.语 语 语 D. includes 发用复数形式，因发主发是 the 32 species，且与其平行的发发发发 用了 are语grow as语语 语B语 E. includes语 语 语 D语which从句中犯了run-on sentence语语语it发发发去。

语语语语语 OG12-66 语语语 Rhetorical construction; Agreement

The subject of the sentence is the 32 species that make up the dolphin family, and the sentence makes two claims about them: Th ey are closely related, and they include the killer whale. The relative pronoun which restates the object of the second verb, reintroducing the animal known as the killer whale as the subject of a relative clause followed by two parallel verbs: can grow and is famous. A Correct. In this concise sentence, verbs agree in number with their subjects and the relative pronoun which indicates clearly that the animal known as the killer whale is the subject of the verbs in the dependent clause. B Changing the verb to the participial growing introduces ambiguity, because it could refer back to the subject of the sentence (32 species). C The participial growing might refer to the 32 species; the introduction of being is unnecessarily wordy and adds nothing in terms of meaning. D as big as is an idiomatically incorrect expression of the comparison; the plural verb form include is needed to match the plural subject the 32 species. E It simply restates the subject of the previous phrase, introducing more words but no additional meaning; the singular verb form includes should be the plural form include. The correct answer is A.

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

237. (GWD-8-Q16) (GWD-13-15) Concerns about public health led to the construction between 1876 and 1904 of three separate sewer systems to serve metropolitan Boston. A. Concerns about public health led to the construction between 1876 and 1904 of three separate sewer systems to serve B. Concerns about public health have led to the construction of three separate sewer systems between 1876 and 1904 to serve C. Concerns about public health have led between 1876 and 1904 to the construction of three separate sewer systems for serving D. There were concerns about public health leading to the construction between 1876 and 1904 of three separate sewer systems serving E. There were concerns leading between 1876 and 1904 to the construction of three separate sewer systems for serving 语 语 语 语 语 Conerns…led to construction between 1876 and 1904 of three separate sewer systems to serve Boston.

语语语 句子发发（grammatical construction语 发发用 idiom语 发（ 1. 语语语语语语语语语语to do语 语 construct sth. to do sth.语 *: for doing语语语语语语语语语语语语 to do 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语for doing有持久性的发发语 语to do往往是一次性行发

2. 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语

语语语语语 A. Correct语between 1876 and 1904语语construction(三个系发的建造前后跨越28语) B. lead发 生在发 去，不发发 用发 在发发 （发 在完成发 ）， have lead语语语concern至今依然持发；Between 1876 and 1904语 语 语 systems的歧发，意思发成了systems语语语1876语1904年之发存在 C. have led发发发发语have lead语语语concern至今依然持发Between ； 1876 and 1904语语lead语语语语lead语语 1876语1904年期发发 致了construction语语1904年以后又发致了其他事情，改发句意语语语语语语语语语to do语语语for doing语for doing补 D. there are表示的是自然存在，语语语语concerns语语语Leading发发发 E. there are语语语D语between 1876 and 1904语 语 语 C语for doing语语语C

语语语语语 Windmaple: 1. 发发状发通常位于句首或句尾，即便无法位于句首或句尾，也发发尽量靠向发发，不发注意一点：放句 尾要小心，因发很可能前面就是个名发，然后就发定发了。 2. prep.+ n.的位置非常容易引起歧发，因发它既可以做定发也可以做状发，不管在句中发是句尾，只要 是在名发后面都要特发小心。 3. 语 语 语 语 语 S1 V1 that S2 V2 at the same time 引起歧发的：如果 at the same time 语 语 语 语 语 语V1，而距离上却离 V2 更近，所以发生了修发 V2 的歧发（或者有发被形容发既可以修发 V1，也可以修

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语V2语 语

238. (GWD-4-4) A new hair-growth drug is being sold for three times the price, per milligram, as the drug's maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient. A. as B. than C. that D. of what E. at which 语 语 语 语 语 A new drug is being sold for three times the price___the drug’s maker charges…

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 grammatical construction语 语 语 语 语 语 logical predication语 语 语 语 语 语 idiom语 1. times语 语 语 语 语 语 语 1语X times+as+adij./adv.+as 2语X times+the+n. 3语X times more than 3. charger a price for sth 语 That seaside hotel charges exorbitant prices during the summer holidays.

语语语语语 A. times+the+n.+as语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 times+as+adij./adv.+as语as不能只有发只出发 B. times+the+n.+than语语语语语语than必发要与比发发搭配 C. correct语that语 语 price 引发限定性定发从句，发里“ , per milligram,”是个插入发，要用 that来发接 限定性定从； 发 然 that在定从中做 发发 ，但是 发 了更 发 清晰地表 发 后面部分的定从地位 that语语语语 发出，切不可因发that没有省略就判C语 D. the drug's maker语语charges的 发西就是 price，所以what语语price，那么price of what就成了 price of price，发发发发 E. price语charge的直接 发 象（ charge a price），所以不需要再加介 发 ，直接 that语语语charge at a price语语语语sell sth. at a price倒是可以的(补 补 price出发在at后面常表示代价)

语语语语语

语语语语语语语 1补 twice 语语语语 twice as many…as; twice as much…as; twice + n.(可以是代发，比如 that); twice + what 语语; *：一个大家常发会的句子： The farm has more than twice as many cows as it has pigs.: 发发有多于猪发倍多的牛的数量（发发牛的 发倍发要多）。（很多人会发发发猪比牛多。） www.chasedream.com

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解 发 方法：可以 发 比一下 A has B twice as many as C 发 个比 发 句型也可以写 发 A has twice as many B as C. 所以句子的核心是 A has B，即：The farm has cows. 发发解发 twice ： as …as 语语语语 as 是副发，more than twice as 语语many语语 as it has pigs 语语 as 语 语 语 语 发发，所以后面跟的是一个 adverbial clause（状发从句/副发从句），而as…as 句型比发特殊，后 语语 as 要与前面as 所修发的内容相呼发，所以 as it has pigs 发发与前面as 所修发的发象 many 相呼发，即 as it has pigs 语 语 语 语 语 many。不管怎么发 as it has pigs 都不是核心成分。 发发翻发发来就是发发有牛，相当于发倍多的猪。故，牛多猪少。 2、用发发表发倍数： double/triple/quadruple/quintuple/sextuple ---- 》 发 些 发发 可 以 做 形 容 发 (double 发能做adv, predeterminer) sth. double sth.; sth. is doubled; sth. double(adj.); 语语语语语语语语语语 (1)produce double语 (2)as much as twice the apples(much 补 apples 语语)语 语 语 语 twice as many apples as; sth. double sth.语 *语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 as 语语;语语语语语语语语语语语语语 *语语语语语语语语语 "a doubling of" "produce a doubling" 语语语语语 语语"a doubling of X" 语语 "..., doubling X"语语语 X 不能是具体名 发，例如 apples, students 而发发发 似发发 的 发发 ： number, amount, quantity, speed, frequency, rate (of), rates (for), price, concentration, ... 语-babybearmm语 3补 …times(或数字) as + 形容发或副发+as; 4补 sb. be + 语语语 + more likely (to do sth.) than to do sth.(语语语 to do 能省，后面的不能省) 语语at least fifty percent less likely than those who are sedentary to die of a heart attack 5语 语 语 语 语 语 “ … times + more +adj.+than语… time as +adj.+as”都正确 6、三发 表示倍数的形容发发 ： twofold, threefold, fourfold, tenfold 等。以 twofold 发 例，其意思发 two times as much or as many of something。发发发发形容发，多用于发成形容发＋名发的发发语 语语a threefold increase in revenue，少用于比发发个事物之发的倍数关系。 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 i. x times(twice) + the + n. (twice 发能做 determiner) ii. x times adj. (比发形式) than iii. x times as adj. as 语语语语语 adj.要和前面的名发匹配 A do x times as adj. … x as B do iv. x times + what 补 补 (名发性从句相当于名发) v. x-fold vi. double, triple, quadruple, quintuple, sextuple

239. (GWD-12-Q3) Were it not for the fusion-powered heat and radiation that rush from its core, instead its own weight would cause a star to collapse. A. instead its own weight would cause a star to collapse B. instead a star would have collapsed under its own weight C. a star would have to be collapsing under its own weight www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

D. a star would collapse under its own weight E. its own weight would have caused a star’s collapse 语 语 语 语 语 Were it not for heat and radiation, a star would collapse under its own weigth.

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 grammatical construction语 1. 虚发发气： 虚发条件句 的 四 种 形 式 ： But for N, S + should/would/cold/might + V / (have Vpp.) 语语语 N, S语语…. = If it were not / (had not been) for N = Were it not for N / (Had it not been for N) = Without N（介发只有 without可表虚发发 气） 2. 虚发发气的发发： 发发 从句发发 形 式 主句发发形式 (be 语 were) 发发发去式 语语 should + 发发原形 would / should / might / could + 发发原形 were to + 发发原形 would / should / might / could + 发发原形 语语 发发发去式(be 语 were) had +发发发去分发 would / should / might / could have + 发发发去分发 发去 3. 语 From Manhattan 语 if a possessive pronoun PRECEDES a possessive noun, then the assumption is that it DOESN'T stand for that noun.

4. simple example: his mother talked with joe's father. 5. in this sentence, the implication is that someone else's

mother - i.e., NOT joe's mother - talked to joe's

father. if it were joe's mother, then the sentence would be written, much more naturally, as joe's mother talked with his father.

语语语语语 A. 语语it指代后面主句的主发，成了指 its 代 own weight，发发；发发的虚发发气句子，主句必发一开发就是主发，而 不能是发发发 、 ，因此instead语语语 副 its指代不清 B. Instead语语语A；本句子描述的是当下的一个假发 情形下的一个假发发 果，要用 发 在 发发 ，用 would have collapsed表示了与 “ 发去相(也就是表示 反 发去没崩发)”语语语 C. Would have to be collapsing是很混乱的 发发 ； would have to是不很肯定的 发 气，其表 发 的是 have to do 的内容只是一个假发，并不是真的“必发 ”，而have to表发的意思是，要做的事情非常重 要，“必发”去做 D. correct E. it语语语its own weight语 语 语 语 its指代不清；would have caused语语语B语

240. (GWD-12-Q30) According to public health officials, in 1998 Massachusetts became the first state in which

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

more babies were born to women over the age of thirty than under it. A. than B. than born C. than they were D. than there had been E. than had been born 语语语语语…, M became the first state in which more babies were born to women over the age of thirty than under it.

语语语 比发发发 comparison语 （ 1. 完整被发主发发发发的比发。 2. be born into/to/of sth. (=be born in a particular situation, type of family etc.) e.g.: 语One-third of all children are born into single-parent families.

语语语语语 A. correct 语than语 语 语 语 语 babies born to women 语语语 under补 over的平行， it语语语语 the age of thirty.(发句发发，有了 Under就能知道 than语 语 语 语 语 语 women了，不用像C语语they were语) B. under it语语语born，发发意思荒发：孩子发生下来发小于30语语 C. 根据比发的平行 they 语语 babies，但发发 出 they were 补 补 were 是助发发发 是系发发 不清楚，系发 发的发under ， it 语语语 they， 发发发发 ，助 发发 的发 ， they were 语 语 they 语 语 发指向 babies 而不是指向 30 发 以上母 发 剩下的 babies， 发 似的例子如： In Japan elderly people are treated with far greater respect than they are in most Western countries.they 语语语语 Japan 的老年人，而是 就老年人） D. had发发发发，比发双方是同发发生的，发发都用一般发去发；there语 语 语 语 语 语 E. had发发发发同D语

语语语语语 语语语语语语语—by cwang 发主发发全的句型 语语语 语 语 A do sth than B do.语AB发发等名发，加 do是发了发示发是一个可以发出发作的名发， 因而确定是主发，发而确定是主发发比） 语 语 语 语 语 A do sth of C1 by D1 than of C2 by D2.语C1C2语D1D2语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 A do C1 than C2.(C1C2发发等名发） 语 语 语 A语 do 语 sth than usual/everbefore/people expected(直接加状发） ETS就发几下子，原发就是清楚地指示什么跟什么比。 按照发个原理，发下一种句型只有主发，没有 do来确 发发发发 的句子，因 是一个可 发发 没有 出发 发发 作的主 ，只可能有主 发，所以其比 发比发形式如下： ，因而不需要重复 I eat faster than you.补 补 补 补 补 补 补 I eat apple faster than you do 如果写成 I eat apple faster than you 语ETS的理解，从发法上就发成我吃苹果比吃你快，成了发发比发。发 发上发然不通。

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

AS族的比发大同小异， as 可 发独引发 比发 ，也可以复合成 as many as, as hard as 等形式，但ETS语 旨不发，如 Sand road costs twice as many to build as to manintain( 发似于介发比发） Sand road costs twice as many to build as stone road do(语语语语,语 Sand road costs the govement twice as many to build as the residents.(语语语语语 ETS语语AS比发的发发用法（不受上述限制，如下） AS poor as they are, they can not afford a car. They have 800million students, as many as have enrolled in our school. (注意以上都是用逗号隔开的句子，AS在发里的作用更发似发发，发接一个主句和一个从句） 补 补 AS有发不表比发的如as you work hard, you will pass the exam.语 语 语 语 语

There be 句型等同于一般的主发发俱全的句型 OG89 There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as there were four years ago(语语语语) There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as DVD player(语语语语) There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as for school teachers.(补 语语语) There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as in china(语语语语) 以上的发发代入EST语OG几乎都成立，在我发次发发中也成立，但GWD中有一发是例外的，也就是发并没有放之四 语ETS的最高宗旨。

241. (GWD-9-Q39, OG12-131) Over 75 percent of the energy produced in France derives from nuclear power, while in Germany it is just over 33 percent. A. while in Germany it is just over 33 percent B. compared to Germany, which uses just over 33 percent C. whereas nuclear power accounts for just over 33 percent of the energy produced in Germany D. whereas just over 33 percent of the energy comes from nuclear power in Germany E. compared with the energy from nuclear power in Germany, where it is just over 33 percent 语 语 语 语 语 Over 75 percent of the energy produced in France derives from nuclear power, whereas nuclear power accounts for just over 33 percent of the energy produced in Germany

语语语 语语语语语 logical predication语 平行发发 parallelism语 （ 1. whereas/while发种发发发接的比发成分不要求含发上发发的平行，具体发prep 1-211语 2. 1) they, their, it都是完整指代，即指代包含了被指发象的所有修发成分 **语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

In Japan elderly people are treated with far greater respect than they are in most Western countries.如果前面的 elderly people没有其他修发，后面发可以用they语语语语语 2) one语that语those是核心发指代。 3) that , one , it 的区发发发充发明。 3. 1) compared with直接跟在逗号后面可以修发逗号前面名发短发的核心发： Example语 In the United States, while the number of foreign-born residents and their children is higher than ever, the percentage of the population they represent is not; in 1910 this group made up 35 percent of the population, compared with 20 percent in 2000. 2) Compared with也可以修发前面整个分句，compared with后面的名发与主发比发： Example:  Today, more than 43 percent of Californians under the age of eighteen are Hispanic, compared with about 35 percent a decade ago.  In the United States, Fifty-two percent of high school graduates go on to college, compared with thirty-five percent in Canada and fifteen percent in Great Britain, Japan, and West Germany.  One baby in four is now born to a mother aged thirty or older, compared with just one in six in 1975. 3) as compared to/with补as指代前面整句的核心含发： A recent review of pay scales indicates that, on average, CEO's now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio in 1980.

语语语语语 A. it语语语语75 percent of the energy produced in France，意思发发 ；在比发 成分前后都是句子的 情况下，前面分句是主发发发发表发发作，后面分句是主系表发发表发状发，功能上不平行，发发 B. compared to比发不平行：75%语Germeny语 语 语 33 percent所指代的事物不明确 C. Correct；前后都是主发发发发 ；介发短发充当地点状发前后发称，位置正确；比发了法国和德国各 自的来自于核能的能量 D. 语 语 in Germany语语语语语语语nuclear power，就发成了“在法国，超发33%的能量来自于德国生发的 核能”；同发失去了比发的意味, 发个发发里用的 whereas是没意发的。 E. 补 补 wordy语it指代不清 OG12-131语语语 Rhetorical construction; Logical predication

This sentence compares percentages and uses the prepositional phrases in France and in Germany to distinguish the percentage of energy in each country coming from nuclear power. This information is most efficiently and clearly presented in two clauses joined by the conjunction whereas, which signifies a difference between the situations in the two countries. Each clause must identify what the percentage refers to—that is, the portion of the respective country’s energy that comes from nuclear power. A While is somewhat ambiguous, since it might indicate simultaneity rather than contrast; the referent of it is ambiguous, raising questions about just what two things are being www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

compared. B This sentence compares 75 percent to Germany; it is not clear what 33 percent refers to. C Correct. Th e two clauses joined by whereas indicate clearly that the comparison is between the diff erent percentages of energy coming from nuclear power. D The use of the definite article the makes it seem as though the energy being referred to in this part of the sentence is that of France. E This construction is wordy and unclear; the referent of it is ambiguous. The correct answer is C.

语语语语语

that , one , it 语语语--aeoluseros: I. it语one 语that 三者均可用作代发 , 指代前面提到的名发。一般发来, it 指代同名同物; one 补 that 发指代同名异物。 I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it. （发句中 it 就是指前面的 my umbrella语 I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. 语one 在发句中表泛指, 语语 my umbrella 已发发 了） The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. 语 语 语 that 语 在发句中特指“the umbrella I bought”, 补 补 补 “ the umbrella you bought”语 II. one 补 that 发可用来指代同名异物 , 补 one 发泛指, 语 语 语 a语an语 语; 语that 发特指, 语 语 语 the ＋名发。所以 one 语语语 的名发的修发发一般发 a语an 语some 语any; that 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 the 语this 语that语 A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. （发句中 one 可以发成 a chair语 The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （发句中 that 可以发成 the water语 III. one 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 , 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 ones; that 既可以代替不可数名 , 语发 语 也可以代替可数名 语语语语语语 发发数 语语 those语 I like this pen more than that one. 语one 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 pen语 There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. 语ones 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 people语 Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter. 语that 代替不可数名发 handwriting语 These pictures are more beautiful than those. 语those 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 pictures语 IV. one 既可代替事物, 语 语 语 语 语 , that 只能代替事物而不能代替人。有发可以用 the one 语 the ones 语 语 that 语 those语 The one 语That on the table is mine. （发句中 The one 代替事物, 并且也可以用 That语 He is the teacher, the one who is loved by the students. （发句中 the one 语 语 语 , 语语语 that语 He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones 语 those that had the best color. （发句中 the ones 代替事物, 并且也可以用 those语 V. one 一般有前置修发发, 有发也可有后置修发发或不用修发发。而 that 不能有前置修发发, 但可有后置 语语语语 Cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of his sailors. The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river. VI. it 可以替代句中的不定式或从句等, 充当形式主发或形式发发。one 补 that 语 语 语 语 语 语 It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month. I found it hard to get on with her. VII. it 补 that 均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容, 语one 语ones 发不可以（本条发日常发法中常用，而 GMAT 补 it 补 that 无法指代上文全句，）。 He has saved my life; I'll never forget it. 语it 代替第一分句） www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

Tom is painting his house. I am told he does it every four years. 语it 代替前面分句的部分内容 painting his house语 Let's say we meet here at three o'clock. That ought to give you

242. (GWD-1-Q38) Retail sales rose 8/10 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in the July-September quarter more than doubled that of the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter. A. that personal spending in the July-September quarter more than doubled that of B. that personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double C. of personal spending in the July-September quarter, that it more than doubled D. of personal spending in the July-September quarter more than doubling that of E. of personal spending in the July-September quarter, that it would more than double that of 语 语 语 语 语 … , intensifying expectation that PS in J-S quarter would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate in PS for the previous quarter.

语语语 发发形式（Verb form语;语语语语语 Logical predication语 1. expectations表发将来发发的含发，用同位发从句更能体发发发的精准，而且如果用了 of从属发发发 得冗发累发，句意表发不清。 2. more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate，其中double是发发，more than是副发。 3. 语 语 more than doubled语is more than doubled的区分技巧：把more than脱去不看， doubled语 一般发去发，而is doubled是被发发发

语语语语语 A. that语语expectations后面表示具体内容；expectations的内容没有发发 ，不能用发去发； that语 语 语语语 B. correct语Would在发里表示expectation的内容没有发发。 C. 整个句式awkward语that 发 同位 发 从句引 发发 与 of平行共同修发 expectations，其 发 没有必要先 发 一遍 topic再接着B一 发述，像 发直接发述即可；doubled发发发发 D. Of短发无法明确表明expectations的核心内容，发发用同位发从句 E. 补 补 awkward语语语C

OG12-16 语语语语 Verb form; Logical predication The sentence explains the expectations that resulted from a past retail sales trend. Since expectations look to the future but are not yet realized, the relative clause explaining these expectations should be conditional, employing the auxiliary verb would. A The simple past-tense verb form does not express the forward-looking sense of expectations. www.chasedream.com

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B Correct. By using the verb would double, this concise sentence indicates that the expectation has not yet been realized. C This construction is awkward, announcing the topic (personal spending) and then elaborating in a relative clause that restates this topic as it. D Although this option is not technically wrong, it is less clear and graceful than B. E Like option C, this sentence is awkward and unnecessarily wordy, announcing the topic and then using an additional clause to elaborate on it.

语语语语语 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语--from语 语 一，限制性定发从句： 限 制 性 定 发 从 句 发 先 行 发 起 限 制 、 修 发 的 作 用 ， 关 系 代 发 有 that,which,whom,who,whose 以 及 关 系 副 发 when,where等，没有明发的逗号把从句与主发分开，表发的意思发被修发发的一个定发。 语语语 Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? Where is the book which I bought this morning? 二，非限制性定发从句： 作用相当于一种插入发或者发先行发的一种解发，和先行发之发只有比发松散的关系，文字中常常用逗号 将其与主句分开，用法其发与限制性定发从句极发相似，只是不能用that语 语 语 语 语 语语语 This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet. Englishi is an important subject, which every students should study well. The building, in front of which sat a boy, was a school.

243. (GWD-10-Q8) Sulfur dioxide, a major contributor to acid rain, is an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system's ability to deal with all other pollutants. A. an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system's ability to deal B. an especially serious pollutant because of diminishing the respiratory system's capability of dealing C. an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the capability of the respiratory system in dealing D. a specially serious pollutant because it diminishes the capability of the respiratory system to deal E. a specially serious pollutant because of diminishing the respiratory system's ability to deal 语语语语语Sulfur dioxide, … , is…pollutant because it diminishes…ability to deal with…

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 idiom语 语 语 语 语 语 grammatical construction语 www.chasedream.com

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1. capability to do语GMAT语语capability of X-ing/in X-ing语wordy/awkward语语 2. ability语sb's ability to do sth语ability of sb/sth to do sth 3. capability to do语语ability to do发发，但不可就此判发。

语语语语语 A. Correct语ability to deal语 语 语 语 语 respiratory system's ability可以 B. because of后发发 复发， awkward语because of后面如果跟发 名发发 一般是累发 的）； capability of dealing语语语语 C. in dealing有做状 发 修 发 整个从句的歧 发 ，含 发发发 Sulfur dioxide语dealing with的 发 候 发 少了 respiratory system的能力，而不是原 发想要表 发的， 发少了 respiratory system语deal with…语 能力 capability如果后面要加in ； doing,语语语语capability，避免歧发 D. especially 语 语 语 语 语 语 specially 发 发 特 殊 性 ， 根 据 原 发 ， 发 especially 语of the respiratory system的插入，发致to deal可以修发发发diminish，歧发 E. especially语 语 语 语 语 语 specially发发特殊性，根据原发，发especially语because of语语语B语

语语语语语 1. specially 语especially 区发（发住发种小点，有益于快速解发） Especially is most often used to emphasize something, or to say that something is more worth mentioning or more important than the other things you are talking about: It can be especially difficult for drivers to see cyclists at night. | The town is especially crowded in the summer (=much more than in winter). I hate interruptions, especially when I'm trying to work (=I do not mind as much at other times). Specially is usually used when you do something that is different from what you usually do for a particular purpose. It is often used with the passive form of a verb: a specially made/designed/adapted etc car | I bought it specially for you 语语 especially 语 语 语 语 语 语 specially 发发特殊性！ especially 是表示程度 specially 补 补 补 补 2. capability语ability语 语 语 ability to do语capability to do区发 ，在 发发 某人 /物天生具有某种能力用 ability语语capability可能发发的是能不能做某事（跟天生没什么关系），如 government'capability 语transport system's capability语语 1) If we don't take great care, SARS could become established in the poorest nations places like Burundi, Nigera or Malawi - which have neither the high-tech capability of Toronto nor the totalitarian muscle of China to contain it 2) capability of sth. to be done表一种属性, 非一种主发的能力。 3) capability (of sth.语to do/of doing. 3. sth’s ability可用在无生命主体: Additional evidence was provided by negative findings: drugs called adrenergic antagonists, which block peripheral adrenaline receptors, disrupted adrenaline’s ability to regulate memory but did not affect memory enhancements produced by glucose that was not stimulated by adrenaline.

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244. (GWD-10-Q39) In Japan, a government advisory committee called for the breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, the largest telephone company in the world, so it would be two local phone companies and one long-distance provider. A. In Japan, a government advisory committee called for the breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, the largest telephone company in the world, so it would be B. The breakup of the world's largest telephone company, Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, was called for by a government advisory committee in Japan, so it would be C. A government advisory committee in Japan called for the breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, the world's largest telephone company, into D. The breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, the world's largest telephone company, was called for by a government advisory committee in Japan, so it would be E. Called for by a government advisory committee, the breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company in Japan, the world's largest telephone company, was to be into 语语语语语A government advisory committee called for sth into…

语语语 语语语语语 logical predication语 语 语 语 语 语 grammatical construction语 1. 主从句的主发发位指代，即当从句的主发是代发发，往往指代主句的主发—但也不发发。 2. Call for：叫 (语语)来；要求，需要 3. 同位发修发名发发发A of BG是不一定是修发其中的核心发，可能就近修发。

语语语语语 A. so it would be语语it指代歧发，本身发指代the largest telephone company，但是发里指代了主发 a government advisory committee语 语 语 B. it语语语breakup语语语the world's largest telephone company 语describtion语Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company才是主体，发发用前者作发插入发修发；没有特殊原因，没有必要用被发 发发，反而不发发。 C. correct语“,the world’s largest telephone company,”语语语语语 D. it语 语 语 语 语 语 B；没有特殊原因，没有必要用被发发发，反而不发发。 E. “,the world’s largest telephone company,”同位发被in Japan隔开没有发接其修发的发象，发发语 was to be into补 补 awkward语

245. (GWD-18-Q11) In no other historical sighting did Halley's comet cause such a worldwide sensation as did its return in 1910–1911. A. did its return in 1910–1911

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B. C. D. E.

had its 1910–1911 return in its return of 1910–1911 its return of 1910–1911 did its return in 1910–1911

语语语语语In no other sighting did HC cause such a sensation as in its return of 19101911

语语语 比发发发（comparison语 1. an event of + 年份，正确表发。 2. 语语语语语语语no other即看出比发的是状发。

语语语语语 A. 比发双方不发等：HC语its return B. 比发双方不发等：HC语its return；助发发had发发，要用一般发去发 C. Correct；原句可 发 原 发 Halley 's comet did cause(caused) such a worldwide sensation in no other historical sighting as in its return of 1910-1911. 相当于状 发 的 发 比： in no other historical sighting 语in its return of 1910-1911 的 发 比 ， 比 发发发 中 的 内 容 是 ： ” such a worldwide sensation in no other historical sighting as in its return of 1910-1911” ，后面部 语 语 语 语 语 a world wide sensation语its return of 1910-1911语语1910-1911的回 发 ，介 发 用 of补 语 语 语 语 语 语 in也可以 D. 比发双方不发等：HC语its return E. 比发发象不发等：介发短发In no other historical sighting语语语语语its return in 1910–1911语语

语语语语语 1. 补 补 补 补 +语语 Halley's comet did not cause such a worldwide sensation in other historical sighting as (a world wide sensation) in its return of 1910–1911 2. OG12-138语语语 Parallelism; Verb form; Logical predication

The single subject of this sentence is Halley’s Comet, and its single verb phrase is did cause. The comparison presented by the sentence is between adverbial phrases describing times when the comet was seen. Grammatically, the items being compared are parallel prepositional phrases beginning with the preposition in: in no other sighting and in its return in 1910–1911. This is the clearest, most economical way of presenting the information. The options that introduce a second verb (did or had) violate the parallelism and introduce a comparison between the comet itself (subject of the verb did cause) and the comet’s return (subject of the verb did or had). A This sentence implies a comparison between the comet and its return. B This sentence implies a comparison between the comet and its return; had is the wrong auxiliary verb form because it must be followed by caused instead of cause. C Correct. The parallel prepositional phrases in this sentence correctly compare times when the comet was sighted. www.chasedream.com

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D This sentence implies a comparison between the comet and its return. E This sentence violates parallelism, implying a comparison between a prepositional phrase and a noun phrase. Th e correct answer is C.

246. (GWD-9-Q27) Scientists have identified an asteroid, 2000 BF19, that is about half a mile wide and, if it strikes Earth, it can do tremendous damage to part of the planet but probably not cause planetwide destruction. A. and, if it strikes Earth, it can do tremendous damage to part of the planet but B. and, if it would strike Earth, part of the planet could experience a tremendous amount of damage but it would C. and that, if it were to strike Earth, could do tremendous damage to part of the planet but would D. and that, if Earth is struck by it, can do part of the planet tremendous damage, but it would E. and that, if it strikes Earth, it could experience a tremendous amount of damage but 语 语 语 语 语 Scientists have identified an asteroid that is… and that, if it were to do sth., could do…but would not cause…

语语语 平行发发 parallelism语 （ 语 语 语 语 语 grammatical construction语 1. 虚发发气的几种形式再重复： If + Present , future 'if X happens, Y will happen' If + past, would /could + verb 'if X happened, Y would happen' 'if X were to happen, Y would happen' If + past perfect , would/could + have + verb 2. 指代发发。

语语语语语 A. strikes用了发在发，没有体发出假发 的发 气，同发can也不发，it并没有发生，所以只能 could语But 后面同发需要有情发发发，could/would语 B. if语but语语语it语语语part of the planet，发个都指代发发；if条件句里的虚发发气发发形式发发，表示可 能与将来事件相反，发发用“语语语语语(be语were)语should + 语语语语(should语语语语语语语)语语were to + 语语语语”语 C. correct；定发从句的平行。 D. do part of the planet tremendous damage补 补 awkward,易有歧发，是理解成 do part of 语the planet tremendous damage语 语 it多余，发和前面 can语语语It语语语asteroid, 但发发上却和前面一致，指代了 earth语 语 语 E. 没有体发出假发的发气，strikes用了发在发；but后没有情发发发 ，表发不出假发的发气；发个主从 语 语 语 it从发发上发指代了不同的发西，发发；有了前面 that关系代发做主发，it could语语it语 语 语 语 www.chasedream.com

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发从句已发有主发that语

247. (GWD-3-Q39) Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less, get better gas mileage, allow passengers to get in and out more easily, and have a smoother ride. A. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less, B. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, they cost less, C. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers, in comparison with most sport utility vehicles, and have a lower cost, they D. Minivans, carrying as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less, E. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles the cost is lower, and they 语语语语语Minivans carry…and, [compared with…, cost…, get…, allow…, and have….] ...V1 and语语语语语语V2...

语语语 平行发发 parallelism语 （ 语语语语语 logical predication语 1. 按照发发 意思可以发发 ，发作carry 和后面几个发作并不平行。发个句子的发发关系是，“Carry”发个发 作没有参加“ compared” ，而是自成一个发次，而发外四个发发 是“ compared”的发目，它发发 外发 成了一发串的发发平行发发。故而A中的第一个“and”是必要的。 2. compared with语 语 语 prep1-241

语语语语语 A. B. C. D.

Correct语carry和后面的四个发作是大平行，cost语get语allow and have是小平行 and语 ； 语语语语 语 语 语 Minivan语they语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 compared with修发发象成了前面的定发从句。 Run-on sentence，发套主发发发发；打破了原来发发含发合理的各发发平行发发。 曾发的争发发发 ； compared with 发发有修发前面carrying 的 as many as seven passengers的歧发语 squinting modifier语 E. 前 半 个 分 句 有 发 个 主 发 Minivans 语the cost 语Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers成了发垂发发；打破了原先发发含发合理的各发发平行发发。

248. (GWD-9-Q32) The United States minted about 857 million silver-colored “Susan B. Anthony” dollars between 1979 and 1981, but the coin proved unpopular because it looked and felt too much like a quarter. www.chasedream.com

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A. The United States minted about 857 million silver-colored “Susan B. Anthony” dollars between 1979 and 1981, but the coin B. About 857 million silver-colored “Susan B. Anthony” dollars were minted as coins in the United States between 1979 and 1981 but C. About 857 million silver-colored “Susan B. Anthony” dollars that were minted between 1979 and 1981 in the United States D. About 857 million silver-colored “Susan B. Anthony” dollars that the United States minted between 1979 and 1981 E. Between 1979 and 1981 the United States minted about 857 million silver-colored “Susan B. Anthony” dollars, which 语语语语语The US minted about # dollars between 1979 and 1981, but the coin proved unpopular because it …

语语语 语语语语语 logical predication语 语 语 语 语 语 grammatical construction语 1. 未划发部分的代发是关注重点之一。

语语语语语 A. Correct；发里的 between 1979 and 1981做发发状发修发minted语 B. 语 语 语 语 语 语 it语语语语语语it语语but后面要加上一个 发数名发做主发与状发 从句的it语 语 语 were minted 被发发发不如主发发发发发。 C. 语 语 语 语 语 语 it语 语 语 语 were minted被发发发不如主发发发发发。 D. 语 语 语 语 语 语 it语 语 语 语 dollars语语语that多余，关系代发在定从中做发发可以省略。 E. which语语dollars，使得 it语语语dollars，发复数不一致发发。

249. (GWD-10-Q36) (GWD-11-19) In Hungary, as in much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many of which are in middle management and light industry. A. as in much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many of which are in B. as with much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women works, many in C. as in much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many of them in D. like much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women works, and many are E. like much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many are in 语 语 语 语 语 In H, as in much of EE, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many of them in middle management and light industy.

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语语语 比发发发（comparison语 语 语 语 语 语 grammatical construction语 1. as比发发发参考prep1-212 2. 语语like比发发发要确定发点： 1) like后面接的是名发，不能接介发短发或者句子等等。 2) like后面接的名发是在与发随句子/分句的主发做比发。 3. "an overwhelming proportion of ..."是一个数量表发，发发上本身发然是发数，但是发法上却发发 复数，，因 发 它所代表的 women是复数的，发 有很多发 似的表 发 比如 percentages, proportions, fractions语语

语语语语语 A. B. C. D. E.

Which语that都只能指代物，不能指代人。 as with比发不发称，发发；works语语语语语语语语work语 correct语them语语women，同位发后置；发里的as的比发发象平行。 an overwhelming proportion of women语much of Eastern Europe语 语 语 语 语 works发复数形式 发 语发 ； an overwhelming proportion of women语much of Eastern Europe不能比 发 ；逗号不能 发 接 发 个句子，中发需要有发发，run-on sentence语

250. (GWD30-Q29) Researchers agreed that the study of new treatments for heart attack patients was extremely important but more research was needed to determine that balloon angioplasty preceded with ultrasound was or was not any better for heart attack patients than the balloon procedure by itself. A. more research was needed to determine that balloon angioplasty preceded with ultrasound was or was not any better for heart attack patients than B. more research was needed for determining whether or not balloon angioplasty preceded by ultrasound is any better for heart attack patients than is C. that more research was needed to determine whether balloon angioplasty preceded by ultrasound is any better for heart attack patients than D. that more research was needed to determine that balloon angioplasty preceded with ultrasound was any better for heart attack patients than E. that more research was needed for determining that balloon angioplasty preceded by ultrasound is or is not any better for heart attack patients than is 语语语语语Researchers agreed that … was … but that … more research was needed to determine whether A is better for C than B.

语语语 平行发发 parallelism语 （ 语语语语语 logical predication语 语 语 语 语 语 idiom语 1. agree that…but that…，发发从句的平行that不能省，使句子更加清晰。 2. need语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语

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need (sb.) to do sth语 need sth for sth语 sth needs n./doing/to be done(接名发性成分)语 3. whether or not的使用： 在引发发从的发候只能发用whether，而不能加or not，否发累发； 在引发状从的发候必发加上or not，即whether or not语 4. precede语 语 语 语 语 语 语 A preceded by B（意思发 B先发，然后A语语语

语语语语语 A. but语 语 语 that语 语 语 语 ”that…was or was not” wordy不如直接用 whether语preceded with语语语 B. but语语语语that语语语whether or not累发，直接用 whether语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 be语 语 is语 语 语 语 语 语 语is不会heart 发生 attack patients补 the balloon procedure比发的歧发，如果发者要比发发 必发 后者也 要发出介发for语need for doing语语need to do明确发作发向。 C. correct ；“同意A确发很不发了，但是也同意发是需要做 B的”，发发 没有发发 ； is用发在发没有发发语 determine的内容如果发在发未最发决定下来发，is用发在发成立 D. determine that..."补 补 "语 语 /语语"己有发果，要用determine whether来表示发果未确定；preceded with语语语determine的内容 发 生在主句 agree之后，所以 发发 用 agree向后推移的 发发 ：一般 发 在 发 is，而不能用一般发去发was语 E. need语 语 语 语 语 That…is or is not语wordy语Than语语语is可以省略。

语语语语语 1. 一般的介发只能接疑发发引发的发发从句，不能接that引发的发发从句。但是but that=except that语 in that=because(发是有不同 ) 发三个介发+that从句属于例外，发定俗成的用法。-----from 语 语 语 语 2. whether表示列发发候的用法： whether A, B, or C.

251. (GWD-1-Q29) Faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places have been cited by a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, which estimated that they did not count 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast. A. Faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places have been cited by a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, which estimated that they did not count 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast. B. Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election has estimated that 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted. C. Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted in the 2000 United States presidential election, a new study estimates. D. A new study has cited faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places in estimating that 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes that were cast had not been counted in the 2000 United States presidential election. www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

E. A new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, has estimated 4 million to 6 million votes had not been counted of the 100 million votes cast. 语语语语语Citing A, B, C, and D, a study of sth. has estimated that…

语语语 语语语语语 logical predication语 语 语 语 语 语 grammatical construction语 1. --ing分发作句首，发发主发等于主发。 2. 所发的“原句”，“合理重心”，都是根据发发意思判断的。特发发于发句子，能发在发发发迅速判断合理 重心，是加快做发速度、提高正确率的第一利刃。 3. estimate语 语 语 语 语 语 estimate (that)（不需V语 加原 estimate + N + to be N(adj) (prep 2-51) estimate + N + at/to be +数量发 *语Manhattan中发发估价的发要用to be语 语 语 RIGHT: She ESTIMATES the cost TO BE ten dollars. WRONG: She ESTIMATES the cost AT ten dollars. 语语40 to 44 million years是发发概念，要用estimated to be 40 to 44 million years old.

语语语语语

A. 句子合理重心发发是发发发 主句，发成发发的发作发程发发 ，所以主从发倒；定发从句中的 they补 补 语语 B. Correct语Citing在句首，a new study是发发主发也是主发；句子重心合理。 C. citing 发 发 主 发 发 发 ， 同 发 致 使 本 发 发 是 核 心 成 分 的 a new study estimates 成 了 插 入 发 ； estimates用发在完成发或者一般发去发发发都不大。 D. 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 votes that were cast累 发 ，因 发发发 一致，可以省略 that were语had been 发去完 成发发发，没有发发发比发明count发个发作发生在发去的发去(补 补 count是个瞬发发发，但是在否定句中瞬发发 以和表示一段发发的状发、发发发用，而是用完成发发)语 E. had not been发发发发；主发相隔太发不好；复发的句式estimate语语语语that更好。

252. (GWD7-Q1) Although producer prices rose at an unexpectedly steep rate in September, analysts said that the increase resulted mostly from temporary factors and not necessarily foreshadowing that there would be a resurgence of inflation. A. factors and not necessarily foreshadowing that there would be B. factors and not necessarily that it foreshadowed C. factors and did not necessarily foreshadow D. factors, while not necessarily a foreshadowing of E. factors, while it did not necessarily foreshadow that there would be 语 语 语 语 语 Although…rose…, analyst said that the increase resulted mostly from www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

temporary factors and did not necessarily foreshadow sth.

语语语 语语语parallellism语 语语语语语 logical perdication语 1. 平行中后面部分省略的发西必发前面有重复的，使省略点能发发出。 2. 状发从句省略的形式： 1) 补 补 补 补 : 表示发发/补 补 /补 补 /发步的发发 (when/while/if/unless/although/even though/even if) + 语语语语语/-ing语语/-ed语语 *语(发发主发等于句子主发) (补补when a child/ when children语 语 语 语 if + n.语 语 语 语 ) 2) 发发: 形式 表示发发/补 补 /发折的发发 + 语 语 语 语 /语语语语 (although just inside the orbit of Jupiter语语 语)(OG10-69) 3) 补补补补:once可以加介发短发/语语语语; whatever可以加名发短发

语语语语语 A. and补 补 resulted语forshadowing语语语语 foreshadow that there would be不如直接 forshadow + noun语语语 B语 语语语语语A；平行的后半部分没有发发，necessarily没有修发发象。 C语 Correct语 D语 前后句没有 发 折 发 比或者 发 步的含 发 ，不 发 用 while语 语 语 while引 发 的 状 发 从句 省略 发发 ； a foreshadowing of语语语 E语 there would be语语语A语while语 语 语 语 D语

253. (GWD 4-Q13) A leading figure in the Scottish enlightenment, Adam Smith's two major books are to democratic capitalism what Marx's Das Kapital is to socialism. A. Adam Smith's two major books are to democratic capitalism what B. Adam Smith's two major books are to democratic capitalism like C. Adam Smith's two major books are to democratic capitalism just as D. Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism similar to E. Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism what 语 语 语 语 语 A figure, Adam wrote two books that are to DC what Marx’s DK is to socialism.

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 grammatical construction语 语 语 语 语 语 idiom语 语语语语语 logical predication语 1. a leading figure同位发修发发象发发是人。 2. A is to B what C is to D，其中what补补just as,意发“恰像，犹如，好比”用作发发,引发比发状发从句。

语语语语语 A. 同位发修发发象发发，修发成了发。 B. 同位发修发发象发发；like后面不能加主发发发。 C. 同位发修发发象发发。 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

D. similar to是介发短发后面只接名发，不能接句子。 E. correct；定发从句中的发发即A is to B what C is to D语

语语语语语 Due to语similar to语differing from等有形容发性发GMAT中一般不能出 的介发， 发在句首。

254. (GWD-29-Q36) Section 301 of the 1988 Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act enables the United States Trade Representative to single out a country as an unfair trader, begin trade negotiations with that country, and, if the negotiations do not conclude by the United States government's being satisfied, to impose sanctions. A. by the United States government's being satisfied, to impose B. by the United States government's satisfaction, impose C. with the United States government's being satisfied, imposing D. to the United States government's satisfaction, impose E. to the United States government's satisfaction, imposing 语语语语语… enables the USTR to single out..., begin...and, if…, impose...

语语语 平行发发 parallelism语 （ 语 语 语 语 语 idiom语 1. do (sth.) to one’s satisfaction固定搭配，做某事以使人发到发意的程度。 2. conclude语 语 语 语 语 语 (1) conclude by doing sth./ conclude with sth. ：以……发束，借此后面接的是发束的方式、行发 She concluded by saying she was proud to be from Salford. Each chapter concludes with a short summary. (2) conclude to ：发成……而发束 *:conclude可以做及物发发也可以做不及物发发

语语语语语 A. by one’s being satisfied 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 Impose 语 语 语 语 to ， 平 行 的 是 begin 语 impose语 B. by one’s satisfaction语语语 C. with one’s being satisfied语语语Imposing补 begin语语语 D. correct；本发conclude是不及物 的 发发 ，后面跟的不是某个具体的方式，而是某个语语语语语，不发发 用 conclude by/with，所以A,B,C就直接排除了。 E. imposing语语语语语

255. (GWD-12-Q19) Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear. A. Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear. B. An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear. C. An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past. D. Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear. E. Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear. 语 语 语 语 语 Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that…, is likely to make…when they… 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 语

语语语 语语语语语 logical predication语 语 语 语 语 语 grammatical construction语 1. one是核心发指代，且发泛指。 2. 句式发发“行发一”发致“行发二”也是一种大平行。 3. a course of action 行发 /语 语 /发行发程

语语语语语 A. commitment语语committed好，因发后面miss signs or misinterpret是发作，前面也是发作更加发 语(语 语 语 )语miss语misinterpret的行 发 者不清楚，至少要改 发"makes it likely that the executive will miss..."才行；个 发 it距离发于接近，使得后面一个 it发人理解起来有些模糊：是和前一个it指代一致，发是做形式发发指代 语语语to miss signs of …语语语语语 B. 句子表 发 的含 发 是 “ 发 理使得 missing signs语misinterpreting ones more likely”，是发missing signs语misinterpreting补补补；第一 one就近 个 指代 a course of action没发发(相当于同位发，后接同位发从句)语 语 语 语 ones语 语 语 语 signs，而不是signs of incipient trouble(one 是核心 发 指代，且 发 泛指 )语 when they do appear的修发发象发发，发发直接修发misinterpreting，发在却成了整个句子的发 语语语语语语makes语语they语 语 语 语 C. when they do appear修发 了平行的发发miss or misinterpret不合发发 ，明miss语 明 语 do appear语语语 especially if it has worked well in the past 发离它修发的 course of action，使得 it离所指的a course of action太发不好。 D. 语 语 Executives' being heavily committed to a course of action 语 语 语 to miss 语 misinterpreting 语语语；第一 them 个 语 语 语 语 语 语 executives 语 语 语 语 signs 没 有 发发 ， 因 发 一 个 作 发 misinterpret语语语(executives/语语语them)语 语 语 语 语 misinterpret语语语(signs/语 语 语 them)；第三个 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

they发发上就近与前一个them所指一致，所以没什么发发。 E. Correct语Being发发是一个发作， gerund phrase语 语 语 语 语 语 a course of action是泛指，后面发发 用 One 指代而不是it更发合适；has worked well in the past语in the past完成发和发去发都可以用，因发 Past可以是发去的一瞬发。

语语语语语 1. 关于秒发：其发本发可以秒发，越是发句子越容易秒发----所发秒发就是从某一个判发点出发瞬发排除 其他所有的发发，发句子往往可以通发理解了句子的各部分含发后，重发出自发发句子重心、含发，最 合理的句子，通发4-1 split得出唯一的正确发发；如本发，只要看出最合理的意思是“非常遵从发去的 行发”使得“发理犯发”（行发一发致行发二），就可以迅速建立答案发向发E，发发不发发上发

256. (T-4-Q1 TS-7-41) Scientists have dated sharp-edged flakes of stone found in the fine-grained sediments of a dry riverbed in the Afar region of Ethiopia to between 2.52 and 2.60 million years ago, pushing back by more than 150,000 years the earliest date when it is known that humans made stone tools. A. when it is known that humans made B. at which it is known that humans had made C. at which humans are known to have made D. that humans are known to be making E. of humans who were known to make 语语语语语Scientists have dated A found in B to # years ago, pushing back by # years the earliest date at which humans are known to have made.

语语语 1. be known to have done sth的发发：当be known 语do sth的发生的发发一致发，用be known to do sth语语do sth语语语be known之前发，发要用be known to have done sth语 1. 补 补 748语...few people are known to have recovered from the disease once the clinical symptoms have appeared. 2. 补 补 849语...few people have been known to taste it for the first time without requesting more. 3. og49语......satellites now known to orbit the distant planet. *：事发上在看发发个发发发，可以把be known to发个发似助发发的成分去掉；由于跟在be known to后面的发发 要用原型，所以去掉 be known to以后就可以发发 地比发have done语do语have done 所表示的发生发发比do所表示的发生发发要早，如果事件发生在发去就用 have done，发生在发在就 语do语 语 语 语 语 be known to do/have done sth后面接状发 那么修发 的是 do/have done，而不是 known. 2. date to/at补 补 1) date….to 可追溯sth补...几年，发发发生的发发点，后面是ago 2) date….at 年代判定、发发/年份有….年之久，发发发生到 old 发在发发的发发有多发，后面是 *：具体发后面发充发明。 www.chasedream.com

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语语语语语 A. 语 语 语 语 语 when语at which都是可以的；此 发发 表 发 的意思是 A fact is known at the earliest date，发发含发发发。 B. at which it is known表发的意思是A fact is known at the earliest date，发发含发发发；主发从 句的发发用发去完成发不发合理。 C. Correct 语 the earliest date at which humans are known to have made stone tools.=humans are known to have made stone tools at that date (the earliest date) – AlienX. D. 定 发 从句关系代 发发发 ； are known to be doing sth.语 语 unidiomatic，要表示正在 发 行也只要 are known to do语语语 E. date of + noun用法发发，其后面那个名发都是在某个发发出发的事件，如： date of birth补date of departure补date of marriage语 语 date of humans不是什么事件，所以不能发 date of语语语语are known to have made语 语 语 known是发生在发在make语语语known语语语 ，

语语语语语 1. A 语 语 语 语 语 语 when 的正发： From Ron(Manhattan)语 I'm pretty sure that either "when" or "at which" would be acceptable. (clearly, the latter is acceptable -- it appears in the correct answer, after all -- but i wouldn't object to the former.) If you want to get really subtle, i think (not 100% sure) that "the date when" is used for actual, precise calendar dates, whereas "the date at which" is used for the usually more vague dates of historical events, such as the one in this problem. But i'm sure the test is not going to depend on this sort of nuanced difference. 2. 补 补 date to 语 语 语 ago语 语 date at 语 语 语 old语 date…..to 语语语 sth 语...语语语语语语语语语语语 P1-129

The teeth and jawbones found in Tanzania by Dr. Mary Leakey and dating to 3.75 million years ago are the oldest reliably dated human fossils.

G21-34

Scientists have dated sharp-edged flakes of stone found in the fine-grained sediments of adry riverbed in the Afar region of Ethiopia to between 2.52 and 2.60 million years ago, pushing back by more than 150,000 years the earliest date at which humans are known to have made stone tools.

date….at 语语语语语语语/ 语语语….语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 G31-28

Rock samples taken from the remains of an asteroid about twice the size of the 6nuke-wide asteroid that eradicated the dinosaurs have been dated at 3.47 billion years old and thus are evidence of the earliest known asteroid impact on Earth.

G13-28

Fossils of the arm of a sloth, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, have been dated at 34 million years old, making the sloth the earliest known mammal on the Greater Antilles islands.

3. 补补 date 语 OG 之可发用法如下： date back: have its origin date from: to reckon from some point in time

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

语3

Native American burial sites dating back 5,000 years indicate that the residents of Maine at that time were part of a widespread culture of Algonquian-speaking people语 语语 5000 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 Algonquian-speaking people 语语语语语语

语 90

The concept of the grand jury dates from the twelfth century, when Henry II of England ordered panels of common citizens to prepare lists of suspected criminals in their communities. Many of the earliest known images of Hindu deities in India date from the time of the Kushan empire and were fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or from Gandharan grey schist.

发外附上 prep中涉及到此知发点的发句： Prep 1-232. (TTGWD4-Q1) The Acoma and Hopi are probably the two oldest surviving Pueblo communities, both dating back at least a thousand years. Prep 2-215 (GWD31-Q28) Rock samples taken from the remains of an asteroid about twice the size of the 6-nukewide asteroid that eradicated the dinosaurs have been dated at 3.47 billion years old and thus are evidence of the earliest known asteroid impact on Earth.

257. (GWD6-Q30) Though subject to the same wild-animal control efforts that killed off almost all the wolves in North America over the past century, the coyote's amazing ability of adapting to the presence of humans has enabled it to expand its range into Alaska and Central America. A. coyote's amazing ability of adapting to the presence of humans has enabled it to expand its B. coyote, because of its amazing ability of adapting to the presence of humans, have been able to expand their C. coyote, because of its amazing ability to adapt to the presence of humans, has been able to expand its D. amazing ability of the coyote to adapt to the presence of humans have enabled it to expand the E. amazing ability of the coyote to adapt to the presence of humans has enabled it to expand the 语 语 语 语 语 Though subject to…, the coyote, because of sth., has been able to expand its range into…

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 grammatical construction语 语语语语语 logical predication语 主发一致（agreement语 1. 语语语语语 ability to do sth.有能力做某 ability 事 ； of sth./sb. 某某某的能力。 2. Be subject to sth语If someone or something is subject to something, especially something bad, it is possible or likely that they will be affected by it. 补补subject是形容发。

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #1

语语语语语 A. 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 subject to… 的发发 是一个人或物，而不是一种能力； it语its语语语语语the coyote语 但发法上却指代了the ability语ability of doing语语语语语 B. have语their与主发和指代发象coyote发发数不一致；ability of adapting--unidiomatic语 C. correct语 D. subject to的发发主发发发； have用了复数主发不一致； the range用了定冠发，可是前面并没有提 语语语range，因此定冠发使用发发 E. 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 the range语语语D

258. (GWD-9-Q2) In an attempt to produce premium oysters, a firm in Scotland has developed a prototype of a submersible oyster farm, sitting below the surface of the ocean, and it provides ideal conditions for the mollusks' growth. A. farm, sitting below the surface of the ocean, and it provides B. farm, sitting below the surface of the ocean for providing C. farm that sits below the surface of the ocean and providing D. farm that sits below the surface of the ocean and provides E. farm that is sitting below the surface of the ocean and it provides 语 语 语 语 语 In an attempt to do sth., a firm has developed a prototype of a farm that sits…and provides…

语语语 语语语语语 logical predication语 平行发发 parallelism语 （ 1. in an attempt to需要考发发发主发。 2. 定发从句发发的平行，不需要发出 that，相当于共享了句子成分，如在本句中共享了主发；不似发发 从句发个名发性从句的平行需要发出从句引发发，如that/whether语语

语语语语语 A. it provides与前面整个分句并列，所以it语 语 语 语 语 a firm，发发 意思发发 ，发发 指代 submersible oyster farm语sitting引发的短发做状发修发前面的分句，而不再是做限定性定于修发farm，发发发发语 B. sitting语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 A；表发作的目的用不定发比用for doing好，所以用for providing语语语 C. and语 语 语 语 语 语 D. correct语sits语provides语语语 E. 定发从句可以前后共享主发，不需要再发出 it；用了发在发行发表示了一种潜在含发：以后发个 farm 可能会移发，发发意思荒发。

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

Practice Test #2 Sentence Correction (152-235)

152. (OG10-245) (OG11-95) Unlike Schoenberg's twelve-tone system that dominated the music of the postwar period, Bartók founded no school and left behind only a handful of disciples. A. Schoenberg's twelve-tone system that dominated B. Schoenberg and his twelve-tone system which dominated C. Schoenberg, whose twelve-tone system dominated D. the twelve-tone system of Schoenberg that has dominated E. Schoenberg and the twelve-tone system, dominating 语语语语语Unlike Schoenberg, whose…, Bartók….

语语语 语 语 语 comparison语 1. 比发发象要发等。 2. 语语语语语 3. 发发 --发在完成发。

语语语语语 A. 比发发象是Bartók语Schoenberg’s twelve-tone system，不发等。 B. 比 发发 象是 Bartók语Schoenberg and his twelve-tone system比 发 ，不 发 等；关系代 发which语语语 发非限定性定发从句， which语语语”Schoenberg 且 and his twelve-tone system”语语语 C. correct。比发发象是Bartók语Schoenberg’s语 D. 比 发发 象是 Bartók 语the twelve-tone system ，不 发 等； 发 在完成 发 表示了 system 语 语 语 语 语 dominate music，发发发发。 E. 语 语 语 语 语 B ， 不 发 等 ； dominating 语” squinting modifier” 修 发发 象 不 明 ， 既 可 以 向 前 修 发 Schoenberg and the twelve-tone system，也可以向后修发Bartók语

语语语语语 1补CD上发发 http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-64467-1-1.html 帖： 2补OG11-95的解发： Comparison + Modification The original sentence makes the logical error of comparing Bartok to the 12-tone system. The lack of clarity results in the implication that the system might have founded a school or left behind disciples. The sentence must clearly indicate that it is the individuals, Bartok and Schoenberg, who are being compared. It must also make it plain that it was the system that dominated the music of the postwar period. A. Illogically compares Bartok to the 12-tone system, rather than to Schoenberg

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

B. Incorrect use of and illogically compares Bartok to the system; incorrect pronoun use C. Correct. This sentence makes the logical comparison between the individuals, and the relative clause clarifies that it is the system that dominated the music of the postwar period. D. Illogically compares Bartok to the system, rather than to Schoenberg, perfect verb form has dominated distorts the meaning by indicating that the system continues to dominate music today E. Incorrect use of and illogically compares Bartok to the system as well as Schoenberg; introduces confusion about what dominating modifies The correct answer is C. 3补OG10补补补(菜发手册第 245补 ) C, the best answer, is the only choice that makes a logical comparison: Unlike Schoenberg, .. . Bartok. In A, B, and D, Bartok, a person, is compared either to Schoenberg's twelve-tone system or to Schoenberg and his twelve-tone system as a unit. Such comparisons are neither logically sound nor seman-tically parallel. Consequently, A and D illogically suggest that Schoenberg's twelve-tone system founded a school and left behind many disciples. Choice B suggests that Schoenberg and his twelve-tone system together accomplished these feats. In E, the comparison is illogical and the modification is ambiguous (dominating). Schoenberg and his system, as a unit, are not only compared to Bartok, an individual, but also credited with having formed a school. The verb phrase dominating ... is called a "squinting modifier" because it looks in both direc¬tions: given the structure of the sentence, it could be meant to modify either Schoenberg and the twelve-tone system or Bartok. 4. 语语misplaced modifier, dangling modifier, squinting modifier语语语: Traceback: http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/modifiers.htm (1)MISPLACED MODIFIER: Some modifiers, especially simple modifiers — only, just, nearly, barely — have a bad habit of slipping into the wrong place in a sentence. (In the sentence below, what does it mean to "barely kick" something?) Confusion: He barely kicked that ball twenty yards. Repair Work: He kicked that ball barely twenty yards. (2)DANGLING MODIFIER: When we begin a sentence with a modifying word, phrase, or clause, we must make sure the next thing that comes along can, in fact, be modified by that modifier. When a modifier improperly modifies something, it is called a "dangling modifier." This often happens with beginning participial phrases, making "dangling participles" an all too common phenomenon. In the sentence below, we can't have a car changing its own oil. Confusion: Changing the oil every 3,000 miles, the car seemed to run better. Repair Work: Changing the oil every 3,000 miles, Fred found he could get much better gas mileage. *: An infinitive phrase can also "dangle." The infinitive phrase below should probably www.chasedream.com

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modify the person(s) who set up the exercise program. Confusion: To keep the young recruits interested in getting in shape, an exercise program was set up for the summer months. Repair Work: To keep the young recruits interested in getting in shape, the coaching staff set up an exercise program for the summer months. (3) SQUINTING MODIFIER: A third problem in modifier placement is described as a "squinting modifier." This is an unfortunate result of an adverb's ability to pop up almost anywhere in a sentence; structurally, the adverb may function fine, but its meaning can be obscure or ambiguous. For instance, in the sentence below, do the students seek advice frequently or can they frequently improve their grades by seeking advice? You can't tell from that sentence because the adverb often is "squinting" (you can't tell which way it's looking). Let's try placing the adverb elsewhere. Confusion: Students who seek their instructors' advice often can improve their grades. Repair Work: Student who often seek their instructors' advice can improve their grades. Repair Work: Students who seek their instructors' advice can often improve their grades.

153. For centuries, people on sea voyages washed their clothes by placing the dirty laundry in a strong cloth bag, then toss it overboard, and let the ship drag the bag for hours. A. then toss it overboard, and let B. then toss them overboard, and they let C. tossing it overboard, and letting D. tossing them overboard, and let E. tossing it overboard, and let 语语语语语People washed clothes by placing…, then tossing…, and letting....

语语语 语 语 语 语 语 reference语 平行发发 parallelism语 （ 1. 语 语 语 语 语 2. and平行发发 。

语语语语语 A. toss, let和前面的 placing语语语语 then多余，不发发在第二个并列成分中出发。 B. toss, they let语语wash的发作，发发 与前面的 placing平行都用发在分发； them语语by后面的意群，不 能指代到by语语语their clothes 发 上去，所以无所指， 发发 用 it语语语the dirty laundry in a strong cloth bag语 C. correct语By+发在分发表示方式，and语 语 语 语 语 D. them语语语B语语and语 语 语 语 语 语 www.chasedream.com

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E. and语 语 语 语 语 语

154. There is nowhere in early American literature where the influence of Jane Austen is so apparent as the novels of James Fenimore Cooper. A. There is nowhere in early American literature where the influence of Jane Austen is so apparent as B. In early American literature, nowhere is Jane Austin's influence so apparent than in C. It is nowhere more apparent in early American literature that Jane Austen was an influence as in D. Nowhere in early American literature is the influence of Jane Austen more apparent than in E. Nowhere in early American literature is it more apparent that Jane Austen had an influence than 语语语语语Nowhere in … is sth. more apparent than in … Jane Austen语语语语语语语语语语语语James Fenimore Cooper语语语语语语语语语语语

语语语 语语语comparison语

1. 比发发发发志发：nowhere…than… ; any other places … than… 2. 语语 语 语 (语 语 语 语 语 )语 3. James Fenimore Cooper (September 15, 1789 – September 14, 1851) was a prolific and popular American writer of the early 19th century. He is best remembered as a novelist who wrote numerous sea-stories and the historical novels known as the Leatherstocking Tales, featuring frontiersman Natty Bumppo. Among his most famous works is the Romantic novel The Last of the Mohicans, often regarded as his masterpiece.

语语语语语 A. Nowhere语语语语there be语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语where…so…as…in the novels，其中关系副发where 语语in early American literature没有发发 B. in early American literature是修发nowhere语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语so…than语语语语 语语语语语语 C. more…as语语语语语in early American literature语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 the 语 语 influence 语 语 语 of Jane Austen语语语 句句式复发 (awkward) D. correct ； 原 句 可 发 原 发 ： The influence of Jane Austen is more apparent nowhere in early American literature than in the novels of James Fenimore Cooper. (nowhere…than…)语语语语语语语 的完全倒装 E. 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 than语 语 语 语 语 in语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 the influence of Jane Austen语语语语语

语语语语语语 语 语 540.Nowhere in Prakta is the influence of modern European architecture more apparent www.chasedream.com

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than their government buildings. (A) more apparent than their (B) so apparent as their (C) more apparent than in its (D) so apparent than in their (E) as apparent as it is in its Key补 C

语语语语语 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语GMAT语语语语– by charlesxiepeng 语语语语语语 1.

语语语语语语语语

·语语语语/语语语语/语语语语语+语语语+语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 1)

语语语语语语语 Among the people was a man named Brown. 在发些人中有一个叫布朗的人。 On the top of the hill stands an old temple. 发山发上有一座发。 From the valley came a frightening sound with some cries. North of the city lies/is a new airport.

2)

分发作表发 ·发去分发（有发发成被发发发的发去分发）提前到句首，引起倒装 ·发成发行发发的发在分发也可以提到前面来 ----语语语(正常发序看是 ) 发行发发 Helping them raise their artistic level are various professorial organizations. Visiting the Great Wall were 200 American college students. Coinciding with the development of jazz in New Orleans in the 1920's was one of the greatest periods in blues music. (toefl 语语语语coinciding with…语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 ·发在分发提前到句首引起倒装要和发名发作主发区发开来 ·下面例句是发名发Teaching 作主发： English is my job. / Visiting the Great wall is worthwhile.

3)

形容发短发放句首 Present at the meeting is our English teacher. (Present 语语语语语语语) Gone are the days when we had a good time at the mountain village. (Gone 语语语)

2.

语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. ·主发有发多修发发亦可采用完全倒装 Noteworthy is the fact that he has talent for music.

语语语语语语 1.

一些表示发率的副发(语 many a time, often 语)位于句首发 ,句子部分倒装. Often did we go for walks together. Many a time have I told him about it.

2.

语语“no sooner…than…, hardly…when…补 not until 等发发中” No sooner had he arrived than someone called him.他一到就有人发他打发发

3.

用于省略 if 的虚发条件状发从句(语 were, had, should 放在主发前发成倒装) Were I you ( = If I were you ), I would not accept his present. Had you ( = If you had ) studied hard, you might have passed the exam this time.

4.

语语“语语语/语语/语语+as (though)”引发的发步状发从句，例如：

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·语语语语Pretty as she is语=As pretty as she is=though she is pretty语, she is not clever at all. ·语语语Try as he could, he might fail again. ·语语语Child as he was, he had to sell newspapers in the streets. 5.

否定副发 never, （ not…, seldom, hardly, neither, nor, scarcely, rarely, no longer, barely, little语 Barely did he have time to catch the bus. Never have I been to Beijing.

6.

So / Such 引发的倒装句 So kind is she that she deserves all my respect.(语语语) So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.

7.

Only 在句首发发状发 Only when the meeting is over can we know the decision.

155. With surface temperatures estimated at minus 230 degrees Fahrenheit, Jupiter's moon Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with 60 square miles of water thought to be frozen from top to bottom. A. Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with B. Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, its C. Europa has long been considered as far too cold to support life and has D. Europa, long considered as far too cold to support life, and its E. Europa, long considered to be far too cold to support life, and to have 语 语 语 语 语 … , Eruopa has long been considered far too cold to do sth, its 60 square miles of water thought to be …

语语语 平行发发 parallelism语 （ 发目发发（ grammatical construction语 1. and语 语 语 语 语 2. consider A B语语A语 语 语 B，中发不加as语to be，其中B发名发或形容发。 3. 独立主格（发发充发明）。

语语语语语 A. and前后不发称，前面是完整句子，后面是一个介发短发。 B. correct语its 60 square miles of water thought to be…语been considered的伴随状发做发充发明 语语语语语语 C. consider … as语 语 语 语 has 60 square miles语consider语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 D. and前后都是sentence fragment，而不是完整句子；consider…as语语语 E. consider to be语 语 语 and前后都不是完整句子，发发。

语语语语语 独立主格： B 语 语 语 语 语 语 its 60 square miles of… 是 一 个 独 立 主 格 发发 。 具 体 可 以 参 考 以 下 内 容 ： http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/phrases.htm#absolute www.chasedream.com

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ABSOLUTE PHRASE Usually (but not always, as we shall see), an absolute phrase (also called a nominative absolute) is a group of words consisting of a noun or pronoun and a participle as well as any related modifiers. Absolute phrases do not directly connect to or modify any specific word in the rest of the sentence; instead, they modify the entire sentence, adding information. They are always treated as parenthetical elements and are set off from the rest of the sentence with a comma or a pair of commas (sometimes by a dash or pair of dashes). Notice that absolute phrases contain a subject (which is often modified by a participle), but not a true finite verb. • • •

Their reputation as winners secured by victory, the New York Liberty charged into the semifinals. (charge into 语语语) The season nearly finished, Rebecca Lobo and Sophie Witherspoon emerged as true leaders. The two superstars signed autographs into the night, their faces beaming happily.

When the participle of an absolute phrase is a form of to be, such as being or having been, the participle is often left out but understood. • •

The season [being] over, they were mobbed by fans in Times Square. [Having been] Stars all their adult lives, they seemed used to the attention.

Another kind of absolute phrase is found after a modified noun; it adds a focusing detail or point of focus to the idea of the main clause. This kind of absolute phrase can take the form of a prepositional phrase, an adjective phrase, or a noun phrase. • • •

The old firefighter stood over the smoking ruins, his senses alert to any sign of another flare-up. His subordinates, their faces sweat-streaked and smudged with ash, leaned heavily against the firetruck. They knew all too well how all their hard work could be undone — in an instant.

It is not unusual for the information supplied in the absolute phrase to be the most important element in the sentence. In fact, in descriptive prose, the telling details will often be wrapped into a sentence in the form of an absolute phrase: • •

Coach Nykesha strolled onto the court, her arms akimbo and a large silver whistle clenched between her teeth. The new recruits stood in one corner of the gym, their uniforms stiff and ill fitting, their faces betraying their anxiety.

A noun phrase can also exist as an absolute phrase: (GMAT 语语语语语语语语) •

Your best friends, where are they now, when you need them? • And then there was my best friend Sally — the dear girl — who has certainly fallen on hard times. It might be useful to review the material on Misplaced Modifiers because it is important not to confuse an absolute phrase with a misplaced modifier.

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156. Deborah Aguiar-Velez, founder of Sistemas Corporation, has written a computer textbook in Spanish for people who speak Spanish and so then do not have to rely on translations from English. A. for people who speak Spanish and so then B. for people who speak Spanish, and then they C. for people speaking Spanish who D. so that people who speak Spanish E. so that people can speak Spanish and then 语语语语语DA-V has written a textbook in Spanish so that…

语语语 发发意思 logical （ predication语

语语语语语 A. DA-V发那些“发西班牙发的，并且因此之后不用依发从英发（向西班牙发）翻发的人 ”语 语 语 语 语 语 语 一本发发教科发，发发意思不合理。 B. DA-V发那些“发西班牙发的人”用西班牙发写了一本发发教科发，并且之后他发不再依发从英发（向西 班牙发）的翻发，前后发个分居是并列的不符合句意，而且前面的分句发得是一句发发 ---发西班牙发 的人写了一本西班牙发的发算机教材（不是发发西班牙发的人写的，发道发是发发中文的人写的发）。 C. Who语 语 语 语 语 语 speaking并列修发 people，使得发发矛盾。 D. Correct语people who speak Spanish语people speaking Spanish并没有很大区 发；最合理的含发 在此：以至于人发能发发西班牙发并且之后不用依发从英发（向西班牙发）的翻发。 E. So that + 情发发发表示目的，目的不是发了发人发会发西班牙发，所以发发发发。

语语语语语 本发是发发含发做发的典型代表，发5个句子在发粹的发法上都是发的通的，但是翻发成中文后，或者从 句子发发意思的角度看，只有D发发的意思才符合发发。

157. The striking differences between the semantic organization of Native American languages and that of European languages, in both grammar and vocabulary, have led scholars to think about the degree to which differences in language may be correlated with nonlinguistic differences. A. that of European languages, in both grammar and vocabulary, have B. that of European languages, including grammar and vocabulary, has C. those of European languages, which include grammar and vocabulary, have D. those of European languages, in grammar as well as vocabulary, has E. those of European languages, both in grammar and vocabulary, has

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

语语语语语 The striking differences …, in both grammar and vocabulary, have led scholars to think about…

语语语 发法发发（grammatical construction语 发发意思（logical predication语 主发一致（agreement语 1. 句子的主发是the striking differences，发发用复数。 2. 语语语语语the semantic organization，是个发数比发发象，指代发发用that语

语语语语语 A. Correct语“differences (between A and B) in + 某个方面 ”语语语语语 B. has发发，发发是复数；differences including grammar and vocabulary不合理。 C. those指代发数名发semantic organization语语Which离其修发发 differences太 象 发，而有修 Europoean 发 languages 的歧发。 D. those语语has语语As well as有一个主次之分，用在发里不合适。 E. those语语has语语both…and语语语and语语语语in语

158. (OG12-121) Sales of wines declined in the late 1980s, but they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease A. they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease B. after the 1991 report that linked a reduced risk of heart disease with a moderate alcohol consumption, particularly red wine, they began growing again C. in a 1991 report, moderate alcohol consumption, and particularly of red wine, which was linked with a reduced risk of heart disease, caused them to begin to grow again D. with a reduced risk of heart disease linked in a 1991 report with moderate alcohol consumption, in particular red wine, they began growing again E. a reduced risk of heart disease linked to moderate alcohol consumption in a 1991 report, and in particular red wine, started them growing again 语 语 语 语 语 Sales declined in the late 1980s, but they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked A, …,with B.

语语语 代发指代（reference）平行发发（parallelism）发发意思（Logical predication语 1. link…with/to…语语语语 2. 代发若离其所指代发象太发，发会造成指代不清的情况。

语语语语语 A. correct语They是完全指代，指代sales of wines语and particularly of red wine语 语 语 and语 语 语 语 www.chasedream.com

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B. C.

D. E.

(and 可放在插入 发 前 ， 不 影 发发发 — lcy19812000) 语begin to do 补 begin doing 语 语 语 语 in particular在本发不如particularly有效，因发介发太多句式会复发。 red wine语alcohol consumption概念不同，不能同位修 red wine后面也 发，发发 在 发 上 consumption语they离其所指代的 slaes太发，使得句子理解起来不清晰，awkward语link A with B语A语B发在前并不要发。 in a 1991 report补补but后整句，使句意荒发：在发告里，酒的发量开始上升；which语语语语red wine语语语 (which通常就近指代 )语particularly of red wine 语moderate alcohol consumption 不平行，后者 发 改 发 moderate consumption of alcohol语cause语语语语consumption，发发 意思很荒发，正确的主发发发 是 report语 red wine不能同位修发alcohol consumption，要在red wine前面加上of语they began growing语语 they离其指代发象sales语语语 in a 1991 report有修发moderate alcohol consumption的歧发，好像 consumption是发生在 report 里，发是A的表发最发明确；in particular red wine无法修发 alcohol consumption语语语语语语start语语语语risk语语语 start them语语them指代不清。

语语语语语 1. OG12-121解发： Logical predication; Rhetorical construction This sentence explains why a trend of declining wine sales reversed after the publication of a 1991 report suggesting that moderate consumption of red wine correlated with reduced risk of heart disease. The phrase particularly of red wine modifies consumption of alcohol, and the sentence must make clear that it is moderate consumption, not red wine that the report links to reduced risk. A. Correct. In the second clause, they refers correctly to sales of wines; the relative clause beginning with that clearly indicates that the report linked moderate consumption … with a reduced risk. B. Particularly red wine cannot describe consumption—the preposition of is needed; the placement of they so far from the position of the antecedent Sales makes the sentence awkward and difficult to decode. C. The clause beginning with which refers to red wine in this construction, erroneously suggesting that wine rather than moderate consumption of alcohol correlates with reduced risk of heart disease; particularly of red wine is not parallel to moderate alcohol consumption; it needs to follow moderate consumption of alcohol to make sense. D. Without the preposition of, the sentence indicates that red wine is a kind of consumption— which makes no sense. E. The incorrect placement of the modifi er in a 1991 report suggests that wine is being consumed (albeit in moderation) in the report itself. The correct answer is A.

2. 本发的秒发方法：只A语语but前后 有 才是平行发称的S.V.O+介 ， 发短发做发发发 状 but ， S.V.O.+介发短发做发发状发。如此平行 的发发，发发在第一发发发A建立好感。其次再用平行发发确发发发的排除。

语语语语语 GWD24-Q23: Discussion of greenhouse effects has usually focused on whether the Earth would warm and by how much, but climatologists have indicated all along that the most obvious effects, and those that would have the largest impact on people, would be www.chasedream.com

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extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess. A. the most obvious effects, and those that would have the largest impact on people, would be extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess B. the effects that are the most obvious ones, extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, would be those impacting the most on people C. those effects to have the largest impact on people, extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, are what are the most obvious effects D. extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, the most obvious effects, that they would have the largest impact on people E. extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, which are the most obvious effects, are those to impact the most on people 此发似发与本发的相似之those 发 在于： that前面多了一个and， 发 似于 particularly of red wine前面多了一个 and语语 a 语nd都是起到发发发气的作用。 全句含发：发温室效发的发发发是集中在地球发暖了多少，但是气象学家指出，那些最明发的影发，（和那些影发人 语语carina的发比：我发发A发发是发发一个发发，发句中文发例：最大那个苹果，语语语语最发的那个苹果 是我想吃的。主句是最大那个苹果是我想吃的，中发成分，那么发发好它也是最发的。 所以需要有 and，也就是发和用非限定性定从发气上有区发。 key: the first choice.

159. The first detailed study of magpie attacks in Australia indicates that by the time they had reached adulthood, 98 percent of men and 75 percent of women born in the country have been attacked by the birds. A. by the time they had reached adulthood, 98 percent of men and 75 percent of women born in the country have been attacked by the birds B. by the time they reach adulthood, 98 percent of men and 75 percent of women, who were born in the country, had been attacked by the birds C. by the time they reached adulthood, 98 percent of men and 75 percent of women born in the country had been attacked by the birds D. 98 percent of men and 75 percent of women that were born in the country were attacked by the birds by the time they reach adulthood E. 98 percent of men and 75 percent of women who were born in the country, by the time they reached adulthood had been attacked by the birds 语 语 语 语 语 The first study of magpie attacks indicates that by the time they reached adulthood, 98%of men and 75% of women had been attacted by the birds.

语语语 发法发发（ grammatical construction语 发发意思（ logical predication语 1. 主句用一般发在发并不意味着发发 从句也要用发在发，相反地，主句用一般发去发也不意味着发发 从句也要用一般发去发；发从的发发 往往会独立于主句发发 。

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

语语语语语

A. 发发发发 ，前面是 had reached adulthood，后面是have been attacked by，而事发上前者发生在后 者的后面，发发 混乱，而且人发 在 reach adulthood之后不会再有成发发 段，所以不 had reached 发发 用adulthood语 而发发 用一般发去发；再者由于 be attack补 补 补 reach adulthood前面，所以有明发的发发发 比，发发be attack用发去完成发had been attacked语 B. reach的发发发发，同发使得had been attacked没有发发发 be attack是 比来发明发生在发去的发去 Who引 ； 发的定发从句是非限制性修发 使得发发含发发发。 C. correct；在第一次发发句子的发候 they发然有向前指代 attacks的发向，但看到了reached adulthood，即可排除 发个发向，而判断they是向后指代men and women语 语 语 语 by the time放在发发从句的最前面是最合理的，因发要 个截止的发发点。 D. that were可以省略，而且 that发用于指代非人发 were 事物； attacked语reach语 语 语 语 语 E. who were语 语 语 语 语 adulthood后面少了逗号，发发，独立的修 by the time插 发成分必 在句子中 发用awkward语 发， 个逗号隔开；把 发得很

160.(OG12-23) In a previous design, the weight of the discus used in track competition is concentrated in a metal center, but now it is lined with lead around the perimeter, thereby improving stability in flight and resulting in longer throws. A. In a previous design, the weight of the discus used in track competition is concentrated in a metal center, but now it is B. According to a previous design, the weight of the discus used in track competition was concentrated in a metal center, but now it is C. Once designed with its weight concentrated in a metal center, the discus used in track competition is now D. The discus used in track competition, once designed with its weight concentrated in a metal center, but now E. The discus used in track competition was once designed having its weight concentrated in a metal center and now 语 语 语 语 : Once designed with…, the discus … is … now lined with…, thereby improving… 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语, 语语语语语语语语语语…

语语语 1. 语语语语 2. line: vt. to cover the inner surface of

语语语语 : (A) it语语weight of the discus语语语语语语语is concentrated语语语语语语语语语 (B) it指代发发，同A语According to改发了原文的发发意思，原文不是想发根据，只是 语 发述客发事发 (C) Correct语Designed语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 the discus，发发正确。

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(D) 全句缺少发发发发语 (E) design固定搭配，没有 design doing语语语语having concentrated 完成发使用没必要； 后半句没有and 发发发发 now， 发发发and now is 发发改发，因此不能直接并列，前半句使用的是发去发发was. 语语: discus n.(语语) 不发发做discuss Perimeter n. 周发，发发 OG12-23 语语 Verb Form; Grammatical construction; Logical predication

The sentence requires two tenses—past tense to describe the previous design and present tense to describe the current design of the discus. In the sentence presented here, the grammatical subject is weight, not discus, so the pronoun it grammatically refers to weight, which makes no sense. A. The verb tense describing the previous design should be past, not present; the pronoun it refers to the subject of the fi rst clause, weight, and it does not make sense to say that the weight of the discus is lined with lead. B. Although the tense of the verb in the fi rst clause is appropriately past, the pronoun in the second clause is still referring to weight instead of discus. C. Correct. The introductory phrase describes the past design of the discus with a past participle (designed) that modifies the subject of the main clause (the discus); the main verb is lined is in present tense. D. This version of the sentence is a fragment because it has no main verb. E. The sentence is missing a main verb in the final phrase; was once designed must be followed by is now lined. The correct answer is C.

语语语语 : 1.design语语语语语:: design something to do something be designed for somebody/something be designed as something be designed with sth 2.According to 语 In accordance with的区发： 首先 According ： to是介发。发者的含发及句子示例，如下： In accordance with This expression emphasises the rule, principle, law etc, which is followed, and which states what should happen. This is shown in the following citations: 1. The Commission insists that these funds must be spent in accordance with all the Community's most sacred environmental principles, to say nothing of its legislation. 2. Last month, the bank's management submitted a detailed plan for making changes in accordance with the review's findings. 3. The court may in accordance with law grant a dissolution of the marriage provided that the court is satisfied that adequate and proper provision will be made for any dependant spouse and for any child. 4. Existing Sidewinders follow a preset path with the help of sets of rigid fins, at the front www.chasedream.com

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and back, that alter position in accordance with instructions from an on-board computer. 5. The UN's peace plan rests on Mr Rabbani's willingness to relinquish office next month in accordance with one of the many peace pacts he has concluded. 6. If such a question arises for the first time in a lawsuit, the judge will have to decide the meaning in accordance with the recognized rules of interpretation, and his decision will be a binding authority for all future cases in which the same question arises. According to This expression emphasises the basis for doing something, or for believing something: 7. Air pollution is growing worse in Britain, according to the latest set of detailed statistics compiled by the Department of the Environment. 8. Our Galaxy contains at least 100 million black holes, according to calculations by a Dutch astrophysicist. 9. Most organochlorine pollution in the Baltic is declining, according to a joint study by scientists at Ehime University in Japan and the University of Gdansk in Poland. 10. According to Alkenbrecher, Binning's theory is that true creativity is a result of disordered thoughts. 11. Each of the 10,000 most common words in English is ranked according to its frequency in everyday use. 12. Japanese oil tankers constructed according to a modern design with high-tensile steel have been recalled for emergency repairs to cracks. Notice that there is some overlap between the two expressions: so 11 and 12 could equally as well have been written (语 1 语1语12也是一个rule): 13. Each of the 10,000 most common words in English is ranked according to its frequency in everyday use. 14. Japanese oil tankers constructed according to a modern design with high-tensile steel have been recalled for emergency repairs to cracks. 语语语 语语XX号文发定，发发怎发 According 怎发，我发to 一开始都写： Circular *** 公司发了发 editor， 个老外 发发帮我发挑 发 告中不 发 范的英 发 用法。然后老外就向我 In accordance 发 提出来 发 ，with，不能用 发 个地方要用 according to。他发的理由是，according to后面要跟法发的具体内容，而如果发发是根据什么什么法发补 语语语in accordance with语 语语语 语 according to 一般要发 更发 具体的内容，通常放在句首，或者句中作插入 发 ，根据目前的 Gmat语语语 需要发发 一致。

161. Deserts are inhabited with several distinct animal species, with each their own method of adapting to long periods of moisture shortage. A. with several distinct animal species, with each their B. with distinctly several animal species, each with its C. by several distinct animal species, each with its D. by several distinct animal species, having each its www.chasedream.com

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E. by several distinct animal species, that each has their 语 语 语 语 : Deserts are inhabited by serveral distinct animal species, each with its own… 沙漠里居住发几种不同的发物，每一种都有其自身的方法发期适发湿气不足的发境。

语语 : 主发一致，固定搭配（ idiom语, 发发表发（ Logical Predication语 1. with语each可以引发独立主格发发，独立主格发发的形式，需要注意其所表发的发发意思。 2. 主发deserts，发发inhabit的被 是 发发，each 引发独立主格发发，发一步发明每一发animal species 均有的一中特性。 With补 补 补 补 补 补 each，表示具有某种性发。 3. inhabit vt 补 补 补 . 固定搭配：be inhabited by e.g: The woods are inhabited by many wild animals. 4. 语 语 语 语

语语语语 : (A) inhabited with语语语语语each发发复数their语语语each型独立主格形式发发。 (B) inhabited with语语语语语distinctly副发修发形容 several 发 发发发发。 (C) Correct语 (D) having发在分发短发做状发修发发发发发 deserts语 与主语发 语 (E) each发发复数their语语语that无法引发非限定性定从引 that each互成同位 发发；没有必要 发 each型独立主格只需要直接跟在逗号 ， 后面即可。

语语语语 : 1. method的用法： (1) method of/for (doing) something 发于 the method to补 "a method of protecting would be more idiomatic than a method to protect" 语语OG10-39语 发中的一句发.(http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-30091-1-1.html) 例句： Today’s methods of birth control make it possible for a couple to choose whether or not to have a child. effective methods for the storage and retrieval of information 例发： 137. Coronary angiography, a sophisticated method for diagnosing coronary disease involving the introduction of a dye into the arteries of the heart, is now administered selectively, because it uses x-rays to observe cardiac function. (A) for diagnosing coronary disease involving the introduction of a dye into the arteries of the heart, is now administered selectively, because it uses (B) for diagnosing coronary disease involving the introduction of a dye into the arteries of heart, is now administered selectively, because of using (C) for diagnosing coronary disease, involves the introduction of dye into the arteries of the heart and is now administered selectively, because it uses (D) to diagnose coronary disease that involves the introduction of a dye into the arteries of the heart, is now administered selectively, because it uses (E) to diagnose coronary disease involving the introduction of a dye into the arteries of the www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

heart, which is now administered selectively, uses Key: C (2) 语语method的内容发可以用不定式表示：the method/way is to do… OG12-11. There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used method has been the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid in the wall in mud mortar. (A) the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid (B) forming the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them (C) having bricks formed from mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they were laid (D) to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them (E) that bricks were formed from mud or clay, which, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, were laid Key: D (以平行判发)

162. Such orb-weaving spiders like the argiope build webs in an essentially wheel-like structure, with an outer rim and a number of spokes emanating from the hub. A. Such orb-weaving spiders like the argiope build webs in an essentially wheel-like structure B. Such orb-weaving spiders as the argiope builds webs with what is essentially a wheellike structure C. The argiope spider, in the same way as other orb-weaving spiders, build webs in a structure that is essentially wheel-like D. Orb-weaving spiders such as the argiope build webs that are essentially wheel-like E. Like other orb-weaving spiders do, the argiope builds webs as essentially wheel-like 语语语语语Orb-weaving spiders such as the argiope build webs that…. ,with …… 球形发网的蜘蛛如 argiope，所发的网很像发发：有个外部的发发，发有从中心发散到外沿 的很多个 发 似 发发 的 发。主发 是the argiope，发发发发 是 build语that引 发 定 发 从句修 发 web,with 引发独立主格发发，发充句子含发。

语语 : 固定搭配(idiom)，比发发等，主发一致 1) like不发例，发例用such as 2) like 用于比发发发中发，做介发用其后不能加句子，like sth do是发发发发 3) such A as B的发发，发发发复数情况与A一致，因发B只是发例的内容。 补 补 OG11#55: Doctors generally agree that such factors as cigarette smoking, eating rich foods high in fats, and alcohol consumption not only do damage by themselves www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

but also aggravate genetic predispositions toward certain diseases.

语语语语 : (A) 补补补such as语such … like语语语语语with an outer rim短 发 修 发 前面整句， 发发 主 发 是 orb-weaving spiders语 语 语 (B) 主发不一致，such spiders as … 发发发发bulid补 补 such spiders as语spiders such as语 语 语 语 语 以 某 种 形 状 建 造 发发 是 build in certain structure 语 build with *** structure 语 语 语 语 语 what is essentially a wheel-like structure语 语 语 语 (C) 语语the argiope spider 语 other orb-weaving spiders 补 in the same way as 发接发发like ，发语用 in the same way as用于比发发 个事件； build主发不一致；webs in a structure that is wheel-like累发，直接 webs that are wheel-like补 补 (D) Correct语with型独立主格可以伴随情况，在此伴随修发that are essentially wheel-like (E) 表比发发，like后只能加名发，不能加发发do语build…as + adj.补 补 补 补

语语语语 : 1. in the same way as/that/(that)的使用方式： 语语312. Because new small businesses are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to them in the same way as to established big businesses. 语 语 884. The use of gravity waves, which do not interact with matter in the way electromagnetic waves do, will, it is hoped, enable astronomers to study the actual formation of black holes and neutron stars. GWD26-Q3: Deliberately imitating the technique of Louis Armstrong, jazz singer Billie Holiday used her voice in the same way that other musicians use their instruments, in that she ranged freely over the beat, flattening out the melodic contours of tunes, and, in effect, recomposed songs to suit her range, style, and artistic sensibilities. GWD30-Q16: Researchers are using computer images to help surgeons plan difficult operations and to develop programs that will work for doctors and nurses in the same way that flight simulators do for pilots, letting medical personnel practice their techniques and test their reflexes before they ever see a patient. Prep1-118. Scientists have found new evidence that people initially register emotions such as sadness or anger in much the same way as they experience heartburn--by monitoring what's going on within their bodies.

163. Because there are provisions of the new maritime code that provide that even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas, they have already stimulated international disputes over uninhabited islands. A. Because there are provisions of the new maritime code that provide that even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas, they have already stimulated www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

B. Because the new maritime code provides that even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas, it has already stimulated C. Even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas under provisions of the new maritime code, already stimulating D. Because even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas under provisions of the new maritime code, this has already stimulated E. Because even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas under provisions of the new maritime code, which is already stimulating

语语语语语Because….., it has already stimulated…. 由于新的海事法发定，即使是微小的小发，也可以要求在很大的海域发有捕发和建立石油的发利，它已发刺

语语 : 指代一致，发发意思、发发(Concise) 1. 指代要注意 1) 是否会出发多个可能的指代发象，造成发发模糊； 2) 指代明确的情况下，发发含发是否正确。 2. this 指代除非特发明发，否发通常不可发独指代，需要加上具体名发 （即 this 语 语 adjective），如 this code 等，才是正确的指代形式。同理 those/these 在指代发，通常均需发充名发。 4 that\those 用于比发发发中，避免重复，和发独指代要区发开来 5. which 只能指代前面出发发 的名发而不能指代整个句子， which 指代前面句子表发的意思常作发伴随 副发的混淆发发出发。 6. 发发上，句子发会有属于自己最合理的中心，因此而不能随意改发句子重心。 7. provision n. 条 款（provide的名发形式，provide补 “语 语 ”的意思）

语语语语 : (A) 语语wordy: there be在此发冗余；provision语provide发发重复；they指代不清，有指代islets的歧 语 (B) Correct语Because原因状发从句， it主从发位指代 the new maritime code，发发发发 ： stimulate语 语 成发发，符合发发。 (C) 原本的主句被改成了修发成分 ,句子重心改发； stimulating发发主发成了 tiny islets 发发；由于前面 是主系表发发，所以stimulating不做伴随发果状发，割裂前后因果关系；under provisions of the new maritime code补 补 补 补 sea areas (D) this不可发独指代，发加上具体名发；under provisions of the new maritime code补 补 补 补 sea areas (E) 缺少主发发发 ，发目发发 不完整：原因状发从句， +which引发的非限定性定发从句。句子重心改发语 stimulating成发 修发 成分；发发 由完成发发发发 在发 行发 ， already是完成发发 的发 志发 之一，发 发意思不正确；under provisions of the new maritime code补 补 补 补 sea areas

语语语语语 OG12-113解发： Logical predication; Grammatical construction

In this sentence, the there are … that … construction contributes nothing more than www.chasedream.com

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unnecessary words. Th e sentence needs to make clear whether provisions or code is the subject of the main verb stimulated. A. The there are … that … construction is unnecessarily wordy; in the predicate nominative instead of the subject position, provisions is not an obvious referent for the pronoun they. B. Correct. In this sentence, the new maritime code is clearly the antecedent of it in the main clause and thus the subject of has already stimulated. C. Under provisions of the new maritime code is a misplaced modifier, seeming to describe sea areas; the sentence does not make clear what is stimulating … disputes. D. The referent of this is unclear. E. The sentence is a fragment, opening with a dependent clause (Because … code) and concluding with a relative clause, but lacking a main, independent clause. The correct answer is B.

语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 -- by dxwei2008 GMAT发法中常常考发前一个分句的整体发后面一个发象的作用发果，一般发可的正确答案是使用发 在分发做伴随状发。发外发有一种发用情况是，发个发作同发发生。在平发的发法中，我发常常使用发发 and来发接发个发作，可是在GMAT发法中常常使用伴随状发。老发在它的发座里发的一个例子就是： She is sitting on the tree and reading a book. (补 补 补 补 ) She is sitting on the tree, reading a book.(GMAT补 补 ) 所以我发在以下发个情况下要使用伴随状发 1. 前一个分句的整体发后面某一个发象的作用 2. 发个同发发生的发作 ，发充主发的发作 1补 正向考法 正向考法就是要你发发出前一个分句是从整体上发后一个分句的发发发生作用。例如： He scored 100, making him the best student. 语语语making发作的发发主发就是前一个分句的整体。既不是前分句的主发也不是前分句的发发，所以 只可以使用伴随状发。 2补 反向考法 既然一个考点可以正向考，如果不反向也考一考就没有发度了。反向的考法是，当前一个分句本来没有发后一个分 做。例如： He went into the classroom and sat on the chair.( 发发上很合理，只有发了教室才可以坐在椅 语语) ETS的干 发发发 ： He went into the classroom, sitting on the chair.( 发发 上就很荒 发 了，在 发 教室发个发作发生的发候，他一直坐在椅子上) He scored 100 in the 1st test and scored 99 in the 2nd test.( 发发上很合理) ETS的干发发发 ：He scored 100 in the 1st test, scoring 99 in the 2nd test.( 发发上很荒发， 语语语语语 100发致第二次考99) 语语these语语语语语 prep2-34 语 语 语 http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-336111-1-1.html Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's. (A) hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these www.chasedream.com

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have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's (B) hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, like exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect that is like morphine (C) hot sauces and exercise both stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine (D) the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated both by hot sauces and exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's (E) the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated by hot sauces, just as with exercise, and these have a pain-relieving effect like that of morphine Key补 A  these 补 补 endorphins语

小发： 1) 除非很明发，this\these 不能发独指代，要发出后面的名发。 2) they 指代前面出发的发象， these 指代离它最近的发象，指代都要发足发发符合，主发一致的要 语语 3) 语 they 前出发发个以上主发符合的发象发，发其发指代不清。而 these 前出发发个以上主发符合 的发象发，可以就近指代，比 they 语 语 语

164. Mixed with an equal part of water, ethylene glycol, a compound commonly used as an automotive antifreeze, is effective at temperatures as low as –30 degrees Fahrenheit. A. temperatures as low B. temperatures so low C. as low temperatures D. as few E. as little 语 语 语 语 :Mixed with …, ethylene glycol, a compound…, is effective at temperature as low as…乙二醇，作发混有同发体发的水的化合物，通常作发30度的 汽发防发发 发候才有效。 使用，在低发发氏

语语 : 1. 比发发发 as adj. a noun. as... 补 as....as之发是可以加 adj+noun的，不发好像只限于几种形式(语语语)补 as+adj.+不定冠发+补 补 补 补 +as I haven't seen as old a car as this for years. as+adj.+零冠发 +不可数名发+as 发发 prep2-9 (发发似 ) 发发接 as+adj.+零冠发+复数可数名发+as I don't smoke as expenesive cigarettes as those. 2. as adj. (a) noun. as = (a) noun. as adj. as，其中第一个as语adv.

语语语语 : (A) Correct语语语语 ethylene glycol补mixed 发去分发前置修发有被发的含发， Mixed 的发发 主发即句子 语语语 ethylene glycol语a compound 引发同位发从句，Be effective 发句子发发。 (B) so as只用于否定句中。 (C) at后面缺少名发作发发 www.chasedream.com

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(D) at后面缺少名发作发发；few不能形容温度 (E) at后面缺少名发作发发；little不能形容温度

语语语语语语 prep 2-9 The Environmental Protection Agency frequently puts mandatory controls on toxic substances that present as little risk as one in a million chances to cause cancer. (A) as little risk as one in a million chances to cause (B) as little risk as one chance in a million of causing (C) as little risk as one chance in a million that it will cause (D) a risk as little as one chance in a million for causing (E) a risk as little as one chance in a million for it to cause Key: B 补补D语E改成 a risk as little as one chance in a million of causing也就发了

165. (OG10-243) Some scientists have been critical of the laboratory tests conducted by the Federal Drug Administration on the grounds that the amounts of suspected carcinogens fed to animals far exceeds those that humans could consume A. far exceeds those that humans could consume B. exceeds by far those humans can consume C. far exceeds those humans are able to consume D. exceed by far those able to be consumed by humans E. far exceed those that humans could consume 语语语语语Some scientists have been critical of…. on the grounds that….. …… 一些科学家已发发FDA所发行的发发室发发感到不发，因发发发中发物所食用的可疑致癌物 的量已发大大超发人发可能消耗的数量。

语语 : 比发发等，主发一致 1语far exceed引发比发发发要求比发发象要发等。 2语can语be able to不需要从意思上（能力发是可能性）加以区分，只要注意发发看发个更合适，又没有 明发发发就行；http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-121279-1-1.html 3语Be critical of ..语 语 语

语语语语 : (A) amounts 语exceeds主发不一致。 (B) amounts 语exceeds主发不一致；exceed by far不如far exceed补补 (C) amounts 语exceeds主发不一致；those后面的关系代发that可以省，但在此发了句意更加清晰而发 补 (D) exceed by far不如far exceed语语语those able to be consumed好像在发食品能发主发地被人吃 语 发发上很荒发；be consumed by 被发发发，wordy www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

(E) Correct；主 发 是 Some scientists， 发发 是 have been critical of语on the grounds that 引发原因 状发从句；can语could不发发在发发上有差发，在肯定程度上也有差发， could发气发弱，发者发区 发在本发不成考点；因发those的存在，that的发出使得定发从句更发清晰，即便 that在定从中做发 语语

语语语语语 10-243 解发： Choice E is best. The plural verb exceed agrees in number with its subject, amounts, and the phrase those that humans could consume conveys the intended meaning clearly and without unnecessary wordiness. In choices A, B, and C, the singular exceeds does not agree in number with its plural subject, amounts. Choices B and C omit the conjunction that -- an omission that is grammatically acceptable, but in the case of this sentence diminishes clarity. In D, the use of the passive voice in the phrase those able to be consumed by humans is unjustified, as it increases wordiness while stating the meaning less precisely: it is accurate to call humans "able,' but not to call those [amounts] "able."语语语语语语语语语 语语 Ets 自己发，主发比被发要好，因 ( be 发被 able 发发to 起来 be 发发 done ，而且表 语语语) 发不发准确

166. The period when the great painted caves at Lascaux and Altamira were occupied by Upper Paleolithic peoples has been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are the use to which primitive peoples put the caves, the reason for their decoration, and the meaning of the magnificently depicted animals. A. has been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are B. have been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are C. have been established by carbon dating, but that which is much more difficult to determine is D. has been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine is E. are established by carbon dating, but that which is much more difficult to determine is 语 语 语 语 语 The period …. has been established….., but what is much more difficult to determine is ……….. 旧石器发代的人居住在位于 Lascaux 语Altamira的巨大的壁画洞的发期已发通发发发发法确发，但更发确定 的是原始人使用什么工具开发石洞，发什么他发要装发以及发些发发 的被描发 出的发物所 代表的含发。 主发The ： period，发发发发 ：be establish, 完成发发符合发发， when引发发发状发从句 修发 主发 。 but 引 发 并列句子， what引发 主发 从句，发发发发发 be difficlut的比发 形式， use www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

,reason, meaning并列做发部分发发。

语语语 主发一致： 1. what引发的名发性从句中语语语语语语的发复数情况： what语 语 “补 补 补 补 补 补 补 ,什么发候用复数”根据发发后面的名 . 发的发复数来定 2. what引发的名发性从句做主发发，语语语语语语用发数一定是正确的： ********有发也参照下面的发复数发发： (1)What在从句中做 语 语，主句发发由what语语语语语语 语 语 1) What is difficult to understand is A.语What are difficult to understand are A and B. (2)what在从句中做 语 语，主句发发由语语语语/语语语 语 what they want are XX,XX&XX语 2) What his father left him are a few English books. 3. carbon dating 语(14)语语语语语语语语

语语语语 : (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

but后分句发发发发用发数形式is语what is difficult语is决定主句发发用发数is the use to …. The period语have主发不一致；but后分句发发发发用发数形式is The period语have主发不一致; that which=what，用what更发发发 Correct语what is difficult语is决定主句发发用发数is the use to …. The period语are主发不一致; 随意改发句子发发 ，完成发发发 在发； that which 相当于一个从句中 发个主发，发目发发发发

语语语语语 1. 补who, why, how, whether补 that引发主发从句，发发发发用发数 补 补 Why she did this is not known. 2. 前面发被后面替发小发： which that, that which, the thing that= what not any = no not ever = never which is that=that the only thing that=all (the only thing that has to be done  all one has to do) at the time after=after while being=as (as 表发程，随着…) A is what is the B 补 what is 可以省略, A is the B wanting to do=to do what the effects=the effects otherpeople/things=others that of his own=his own (前者双重所有格) something of whom=whose sth. but instead=but (windmaple: but 后面接名发是不能有 instead 的，因发 but 是介发；但是如果 but 后面接发发 就发成了发发 ，中发加副发 instead 没发发 。例老 prep SC1 73补 Evolutionary psychology holds that the human mind is not a "blank slate" but instead comprises specialized mental mechanisms that were developed to solve specific problems human ancestors faced millions of www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

years ago.) with the exception of = except up until=until (until 语 语 语up 语语 的含发。 until: conj.(=up to the time when)补 ...发发止； prep.语语语语Up to the time of语Before (a specified time):用在否定句 ) with none of = without but still=but wanting to do=to do different from that which=different than (不同于 different from(补 different from 语语)) His way of living is different than ours.他的生活方式跟我发的不同。 German cars are different than ours.德国造的汽发和我发的不一发。 You look different than before.你看上去跟从前不同了 . date at which = when in the event that = if

语语语语语语 语语 851. The work of mathematician Roger Penrose in the early 1970s, on the geometry of what are called aperiodic tiles, turned out to describe the architecture of a previously unknown class of crystals. (A) what are called aperiodic tiles, turned out to describe (B) what is called aperiodic tiles, describes (C) aperiodic tiles, describing (D) so-called aperiodic tiles, describe (E) aperiodic tiles, it turned out to describe key: A. what语语“补 补 补 补 补 补 补

,什么发候用复数”根据发发后面的名发的发复数来定。

167. On August 13, 1868, the warship U. S. S. Wateree, anchored in the harbor of Arica, off the coast of what is now northern Chile, rode on the crest of a tsunami (seismic sea wave) and coming to rest in the Atacama Desert, it was some three miles up the coast and almost two miles inland from its initial anchorage. A. rode on the crest of a tsunami (seismic sea wave) and coming to rest in the Atacama Desert, it was B. rode on the crest of a tsunami (seismic sea wave), while it came to rest in the Atacama Desert, C. rode on the crest of a tsunami (seismic sea wave) and came to rest in the Atacama Desert, D. riding on the crest of a tsunami (seismic sea wave), to come to rest in the Atacama Desert E. riding on the crest of a tsunami (seismic sea wave), it had come to rest in the Atacama Desert, which is www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

语 语 语 语 语 On August.., the warship … rode on and came to…, some three miles up the….语 主发the 是 warship，发发是rode on and came to 语some three miles up the coast and almost two miles inland from its initial anchorage语desert的同位发 . anchored是发去分发,补补the warship. 1868语8语13语, 语语U. S. S. Wateree语Arica港口抛发，发港口在智利北部的沿岸 , 发发遭遇海发引发的浪潮，被冲至 Atacama Desert语

语语语 平行发称，发发表发，发目发发 1. 一个完整的句子之中只能有一套主发，当句子中有发发插入发发，要注意是否出发了发个主发，或没 有发发发接的多个发发发发的情况。 2. and引发的并列，通常要求发性、发发、发复数、发发等都要平行。

语语语语 : (A) coming语rode语anchored语语语语It was 多余造成发套主发，run-on sentence (B) while改发了原句发发 意思，原意发”碰到海发，并被刮到沙漠 ”，发改发发”当它在沙漠里休息的发候碰到了海 补” (C) Correct，形式发称，发发正确 (D) riding语coming语anchored不平行， 发发 一用一般 发 去 发 ； desert后面缺少逗号，使后面some three miles up the coast 发成限定性修发，改发原句合理发发含发 (E) 发套主发，run-on sentence语riding语anchored语语语语had come没必要使用发去完成发发，破坏了 其发发 含发which ； is可省略

168. The first shots of the American Revolution, fired at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, were, according to legend, heard around the world, but news of these shots, which were sent by swift messenger, took four days in reaching New York City as well as another additional eleven days to reach Charleston, South Carolina. A. shots, which were sent by swift messenger, took four days in reaching New York City as well as another additional eleven days B. shots that was sent by swift messenger took four days in order to reach New York City, and also another eleven days C. shots that were sent by swift messenger took four days to reach New York City and another eleven days D. shots took four days by swift messenger in order to reach New York City and another eleven days in addition E. shots took four days by swift messenger to reach New York City and another eleven days 语语语语语 The first shots ... were … heard around the world, but news of these shots took four days by messenger to reach NYC and another eleven days to reach… www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

主发是 The first shots ， 发发 hear, but 做 发发 引 发发 折 句 ， 句 子 主 发 news , 补 补 take ， 发发 four days/eleven days +不定式状发。

语语语 指代一致，发发表发，平行发称 1) as well as 语and 的意思不完全一致，作发发发用作介发发，as well as的涵发是“补 补 ”补 “不但 …补 补 …”。 发得 语 语 语 语 语 语 A as well as B的发发里，发意的重点在 A语 语 语 B。因此，要注意句子想要表发的发发 语语语 2) 句子发发 ，but发发，如果发接句子，发需要主发发发发全，因发发发发接的句子不一定主发 相同， 省略发可能不符合发发。

语语语语 : (A) Which were语语were语语which语 语 语 语 these shots，而发发 上发发 指代news，所以定发从句的发 发发发 不是 were语语was；没有 take some days in doing sth的 发发 ，且 in reaching语 语 语 语 to语语语 发称，发改发take some days to do sth.语as well as不用于同一发次并列。 (B) 用了限定性定发从句修发news，意思成了是“信使所遣送的 news”，发发，发发用非限定性修发；in order to 在此发to语also语another语语语 直接 用 (C) 用了限定性定发从句修发news语语语B；同发由于news是不可数名发，that were语语语that was语 (D) in order to 不发发，可以直接用to语another语in addition发发重复。 (E) Correct语by swift messenger最发发发。

语语语语语 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 – by genimix 定发的限定与非限定并非是 XDF 和很多前人发发 的那发是“局 部”补 “语语”的区发，发发发上是一种曲解 特发是不能发发化的发：某个发发（介发短发）就一定是限定性，发一发发（发在分发）就一定是非限定性。 限定性与非限定性发发是：有发修发发，修发发象的外延是否有发化，如果发小了就是限定性，如果没发就是非 限定性。 形式上发发的看，有没有逗号是明发发志。有逗号就是非限定性，没有逗号就是限定性。

发发上发在分发作定发如果没有逗号也是限定性，只是因发在 GMAT 中发在分 “客状 发 发发”补 本身具有 “语语语语”意味，没有多种发发发发（发也正 不做定发的原因），才使得其具有表发“重复多次性"意味的功能；而定发 从句能发 表发 多种发发 ，因而发 向于表发”语语 一次性 “意味。 因此把限定性与非限定性发成是”局部 “语”语语“的关系，不能发完全不发，但至少也是曲解了限定性与非限定性的本意

169. (GWD-3-Q11) Retailers reported moderate gains in their November sales, as much because of their sales of a year earlier being so bad as that shoppers were getting a head start on buying their holiday gifts. A. of their sales of a year earlier being so bad as that B. of their sales a year earlier having been as bad as because C. of their sales a year earlier being as bad as because D. their sales a year earlier had been so bad as because E. their sales of a year earlier were as bad as that www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

语语语语语Retailers reported …, as much because … as because ….. . 零售商发告其在11月发售温和上发，一方面因发他发去年同期发售很糟糕，发一方面因发发 物者都开始发发的发日礼物。 主发 Retailer,补 补 report, as much because … as because并列引发原因状发。发去完成发 在发里使用是可以的，是在reported的发去，完成的事发。

语语语 平行发称 1. as much because …as because …语as …as 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 2. so bad可以发独使用做形容发，而as bad发后面必发再加比发成分，并不完整as bad as语语语 3. Shopper = customer 发客，发物者 4. Head start = 语语语语语

语语语语 : (A) as much…as…语语语语语语because of后面 发发 复 发 ，核心 发 只有 their sales， 发发 改 发because语 发从句来清晰发明原因。 (B) as much… as…语语语语语语as much… as bad as…补 补 补 补 -- so bad是可以自己发 独使用的，但是 as bad的发后面必发再跟一个as语because of语语语A语 (C) as much… as…语语语语语语as much… as bad as…语语语B语because of语语语A语 (D) Correct；发去完成发以后面的were getting发照，发明a year earilier语sales发生在发去的发去； so bad语 语 语 语 语 as搭配，而是前面的as much语as补补 (E) 语语语语语, as much as语so bad,此发搭配混乱；第一个原因状发从句用发去完成发更发切，因发第一 语because是发生在去年，在第二个because之前，发发亦需要提前。

170. (GWD21-Q12) Birds known as honeyguides exhibit a unique pattern of behavior: the bird leads another animal, such as a honey-badger or a human, to a bees’ nest with their chattering when they fly ahead; after the larger animal takes honey, the bird eats the wax and bee larvae. A. with their chattering when they fly B. with chattering and its flying C. by chattering as it flies D. by chattering and its flying E. by chattering as they are flying 语语语语语the bird leads sth , , to a bees’ nest by chattering as it flies 主发the 是 bird，发发发发lead sth to some place, by+分发发发发方式状发，as引发发发状发从句。

语语语 指代一致，发发表发 1. with语by的区发： (1) 做某事发通发什么语语语语语补by补 do something by (doing) something语 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

(2) 表示使用有形工具 发 ，通常用 with补 补 补 补 write with a pen, see with naked eyes, strike with a hammar (3) 补 ”补”语语语by语with的区发在于： with表示行发发 作的工具，后面的名发一般要有冠发； by语 语 语 作的手段，后面的名发一律不用冠发。 2. as语when引发的发发发 状 含发不同： (1) as补 补 "语……补 ""语语……语语"语"随着 "。具体用法如下： 1语 补 补 "语……补 "补 "语……同发 "。常指从句的发作未发束，主句中的发作就已发生。从句中多用表 示发作的发发，而不用be发发或表示感发、理解、知道发发发发。 e.g. As he stood there, he saw two men enter the bar. She dropped the glass as she stood up. 2语 用于平行的发作中，表示"语语……语语……"。常指一个主发同发发行发个发作。 e.g. The students took notes as they listened. 3语 用于平行发展的发发中，表示 "随着 ……"。常指一个行发是发一个行发的发果，或一种状发 随发一种状发发化。句中的发发多表示状发的发展发化。 e.g. As the wind rose the noise increased. As it grew darker it became colder. As he grew older he became more confident. (2) when补 补 “语……的发”。从句中既可用延 候 发性发发，又可用非延发性发发，发些发发既可以表示发 作，又可表示状发。从句中的发作既可和主句的发作同发发生，又可在主句的发作之前或之后发生语 When I came into the room, I found him lying there asleep. < 表示发 作，主从 发作同发 补补> Mary was having dinner when I saw her. When you meet a word you don't know, consult the dictionary. She was beautiful when she was a girl. *：所以，when引发的发发是最发发的发发状发，在要表示语语语语的发候，用as比用 when语 语 语 语 语

语语语语 : (A) they补补their和前面未划发的the bird指代不一致，发发发 数 it；通发某某方法要用 by，而不是with语 when引发的发发状发从句没有伴随的含发，发发用as语 语 语 (B) 通发某某方式要用 by，而不是with语chattering and its flying不平行；发发状发改发平行发发 少了 伴随、同发发生的含发。 (C) Correct，发as语“一面 里 发”，上面 一面喋喋 发到的as引发发发状发发的第2语 语 语 语 (D) chattering and its flying不平行；发发状发改发平行发发少了伴随、同发发生的含发。 (E) the bird发发发数，指代发要用it语

171. (GWD-10-Q2) (GWD-11-10) Marconi's conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience. A. Marconi's conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

B. Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which is C. Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become D. Marconi conceived of the radio to be a tool for private conversation, a substitute for the telephone, which has become E. Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, other than what it is, 语语语语语Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool ….; instead, it has become …. 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 Marconi，发发conceive of sth as sth.语as a tool语 语 语 发发足发，由定发从句发一步修发；后句主发是it语 语 语 radio，发发发become的完成发发 ， 语语 a tool语

语语语 代发指代，固定搭配，发发表发 1. Opposite 补 补 补 补 补 a person or thing that is as different as possible from someone or something else opposite of 语 What's the opposite of 'optimistic'? 语 She's quite shy, the exact opposite of Becky. 语 The two men were complete opposites - Simon tall and fair, Clive short and dark. 语 If anything, the opposite was true. 语 Is it sensible to think of masculine/feminine as polar opposites (=exactly or completely opposite) ? 2. conceive语 语 语 语 语 (cannot) conceive of (doing) something conceive that 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 conceive of something/somebody as something conceive what/why/how etc conceive sth. (such as idea) 3.

other than = With the exception of; except (for); besides:

语语语语 : (A) Marconi's conception of the radio 语 语 awkward 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 conceive of 语 语 语 conception语substitute语 语 语 语 as语as语语语A 语 语 语 语 tool语语语语radio，但位置上却修发telephone语It语 语 conception,语 语 语 语 语 语 (B) A tool语语语语 radio，但位置上却修发telephone语But语语which语 语 语 语 语 语 but语语语语语 语 语语语语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 (C) Correct语conceived of…as…用法正确；That语 语 a语 tool(语 语语语语语语 语 语 语 )语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 that从句放后面，如果把for private conversation语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 it语 语 radiothe ratio has become the opposite发展成了发立面 (D) conceived of…to be…语 语 语which语 语 语 语 语telephone 语语语

(E) conceived of…to be…语语语语语A tool语语语语radio，但位置上却造成修发telephone语 语 语 语 other www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

than后面的句子，使得句意完全改 发 ； other than=except语语“语 语 …以外 ”的意思，other than语语语 rather than语 语 语 “语语语…”语what it is语语it语 语 radio没有发发，用了一般发在发表示 “语 语 radio成了什 ”语 么 发发上没发，但是使得句式复发 the opposite语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 what的同位发，而后面再跟一 个同位发 a tool语语语the opposite，发在太发复发awkark语

172. (GWD7-Q40) Since February, the Federal Reserve has raised its short-term interest rate target five times, and because of the economy's continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will be raised again in November. A. because of the economy's continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will B. with the economy's strength continuing, analysts predicted for weeks that the target C. because the economy continues strong, analysts predicted for weeks that the target would D. due to the economy's continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target E. due to the fact of the economy's continued strength, analysts predicted for weeks that the target will 语语语语语Since February, the Federal Reserve has raised….five times, and because of …, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will be…….. 语语Federal Reserve，发发raise的完成发发，and引发发个并列的分句

语语语 1. 本发主要考察的发发和虚发发气。发发上， for weeks语for有持发的含发，所以用发在完成发正确；同 语 语 since February. the Fed 发发 5 次加息，那么 在 发 持 发 加 息 的 日 子 中 分 析 家 也 就 持 发 predicting，所以完成发行发正确。 2. 语语will语would。发里的意思表示，很肯定的断定**发生，没有虚发，没有与发在相反的发境，所以，用 will语 语 语 Predict是要搭配will的，不同于expect to do。除了用在 发 去 发发 中， would用在虚发里 （与发发相反），不用在肯定发境中。

语语语语 : will语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 (A) Correct语have been predicting表发的意思是(语 语 语 语 )至今仍在发发，而且与后面的 是以后的 事； because of strength 发发是正确的，因 发 because of 后面成功地 接了 核心 意思 strength，如果改发because of economy that continues strength语 语 语 语 (B) predicted一般 发 去 发发发 ，句首 Since February，后面的for weeks是完成 发发 的 发 志，不能 发 analysts predicted for weeks 语predict 从句用将来 发 ，不用虚 发发 气； with the economy's strength continuing语continuing用了 发 在 发发发发 ， 发发 改 发that continues语 语 语 with语语语 发，少了因果发气。 (C) predicted一般 发 去 发发发 ，句首 Since February，后面的for weeks是完成 发发 的 发 志，不能 发 analysts predicted for weeks语predicted是个短发发完成的发作），同发， predict不可能发生在 www.chasedream.com

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continue前面，不能用一般发去发，发是先果后因。 (D) due to不放在句首作状发，due to在发面发中一般作表 caused 发或后置定 by语predict从句用将来 发，相当于 发，不用虚发发 气，不能直接用be语 (E) predicted一般 发 去 发发发 ，句首 Since February，后面的for weeks是完成 发发 的 发 志，不能 发 analysts predicted for weeks语due to the fact of语语语due to不放在句首做状发 ，因 发due to语 语 语 语 语 语 语 (adjective)语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 (preposition)语due to在发面发中一般作表发或后置定 语语

语语语语 : 1. 以下发发发发从句需要用虚发发气：都要省略should语 1) 表示建发： advocate/advise/move/recommend that ... do ... sb. suggest/propose that ... do ...(如果是物作主发就不需要虚发，发发是“暗示 ”的意思) 2) 表示命令： order/decree/mandate/command/demand/direct that ... do ... 3) 表示要求：request/require/insist that ... do ... 2. 介 发发发 ： on account of语 because of语 despite (in despite of)语as a result of语 due to语语语 跟发发的名发发发（发名发短发也属于名发发发）。

173. (GWD-10-Q18) Analyzing campaign expenditures, the media has had as a focus the high costs and low ethics of campaign finance, but they have generally overlooked the cost of actually administering elections, which includes facilities, transport, printing, staffing, and technology. A. Analyzing campaign expenditures, the media has had as a focus B. Analyses of campaign expenditures by the media has been focused on C. In analyzing campaign expenditures, the media have focused on D. Media analyses of campaign expenditures have had as a focus E. In their analysis of campaign expenditures, the media has been focusing on 语语语语语In analyzing.., the media have focused on …., but they have overlooked…. 句子主发，the media 是复数形式，发发发发 focus的完成发发 ，接 but引发的发折句，主 语they语 语 语 the media，发发overlook的完成发发。But的前后形式一致，平行发称。

语语语 主发一致，发发有效 1. Media语GMAT中不做集合名发，而是medium的复数，故发发发发需用复数。 2. 发在分发在句首，其发发主发发发和后面的主句主发一致。 3. 语 语 语 语 语 语

语语语语 : (A) media是复数形式，原型是medium语has主发不一致发发；has had sth. as a focus(sth.在此因发 发发而后置)补 补 wordy,可以直接使用focus语 语 语 语 语 (B) analyses 发发发发发发 是复数形式， has语语语语语they语 语 analyses语 语 analyses是否可以focus补 www.chasedream.com

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overlook，仍需等待GMAT发一步发明家(发 语 语 语 语 语) 语 语 语 语 语 (C) Correct；从形合的角度来看，focus补 overlook语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 have发是表明特性，所 语语focus更发合适； (in) analyzing发在分发与主句用发在完成发并不矛盾。 (D) has had sth. as a focus(sth.在此因 发发发 而后置 )补 补 wordy，可以直接使用focus语 语 语 语 语 语 they语 语 analyses语 语 analyses是否可以focus补 overlook，仍需等待GMAT 发一步发明家发 ( 语语语语语 语语语 语 语 ) (E) media是复数形式，原型是medium语has使用 发发 ，主 发 不一致； has been focusing on，没有必 要使用完成发行发，它不是一段发发 内持发发 行的事儿，发目中没有相关的发发发 志发，且根据 but 前后发发发称也发发用发在完成发

语语语语 1. The media = all the organizations, such as television, radio, and newspapers, that provide news and information for the public, or the people who do this work 2. windmaple: Speaking of plurals, [index] 's is definitely an outlier 做目发的发候是indexes, 做下发的发候是indices语

语语语语语语 大全 447. It may be that by focusing primarily on a patient’s mental condition and on vague and often very speculative psychodynamic factors, predications about the patient’s future behavior decrease in accuracy. (A) predications about the patient’s future behavior decrease in accuracy (B) mental health professionals lessen the accuracy of their predications about the patient’s future behavior (C) the accuracy of predications about the patient’s future behavior lessens (D) a decrease in accuracy is seen in predications about the patient’s future behavior can be predicted less accurately (E) the patient’s future behavior can be predicted less accurately Key补 B focus语 语 语 语 语 语语B语Professionals语 语 people才能发行使 focus语 语 语 语 A语predication语语focus，故排除。 关于 prep2-173语语B语D语语语they语 此 语 analyses是否正确： 日常英发中analysis, report可以行使focus, overlook，但是如果GMAT中可以的发，D发发发法上 语语语语correctiveness发发了，而且包括本发后的“发似发发接”中 A发发的排除理由即predications语 法行使focus发发。但predications语analyses发究不同，一个是 google中基本没有搜索 发发（ 发果），一个是 语语语google语语report, analysis语focus/focuses的搭配有上百万的发果），所以或发173语语D发发确 发 就那么一个 ineffecitve point 。 发 上， analyses是否可以 focus补 overlook，仍需等待 GMAT 发一步发 明家发。

174. (GWD-30-Q30) An exceptionally literate people, more Icelanders publish books per capita than do the people of any other nation. A. more Icelanders publish books per capita than do the people of B. more Icelandic books are published by Icelanders per capita than by the people of www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

C. Icelanders publish more books per capita than do the people of D. Iceland’s per capita publication of books is higher than that by E. the per capita publication of Icelandic books is higher than that in 语语语语语 Icelanders publish more books than do the people of…. 语语语Icelanders，发发publish语 语 语 more than的比发发发，发出助发发，避免引起相发 语publish book 语publish语 语 语 any other nation 语 语 语 语 An exceptionally literate people作发同位发，决定了发跟其的主发需要和people语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语

语语语 发发表发，同位发 1) 同位发前后的发象必发概念发等。 2) 语语语less/more adj … than… ，比发发象要发等，发出助发发以避免发生歧发，介系发不可省略， 常发的发发用法有：缺少助发发；发出的助发发与前面不一致。 3) per capita语语adj.语 语 语 语 语 adv.语

语语语语 : (A) 发发 意思 发发 ， 发发 是 per capita（每个人 发 ）出版的 发多，而不是更多的人出版 发；同 发发发 用 more books…per capita语 语 语 more icelander…per capita语语语语 (B) 语语by Icelanders per capita than by the people of 的比 发 ， 发发 意思 发发 更多 Icelandic的发是由 其他国家的人出版的，改发原发 (C) Correct；不发同位发，发是比发发发都很合理 (D) people语publication不能 发 成同位 发 关系； that语 语 per capita publication，比 发发 象上没有 发 语语by发发与前面的发发不平行。 (E) people语publication 不能 发成同位 发关系； “发 的人均出版量 ” 概念上很荒 发 ； that语 语 per capita publication语than后面发是per capita publication in any other nation“他国的人均出版量”，概 念上与“某国人的人均出版量”并不成发比，“他国的人均出版量”或发包括其他国家的人在发国的出版物 语语语GDP语GNP区发）

语语语语语语 1. 语语that语 语 per capita publication语 语 语 语 语 语 publication，一道相似的发目： 大全 177补 Bihar is India’s poorest state, with an annual per capita income of $111, lower than in the most impoverished countries of the world. (A) lower than in (B) lower than that of (C) and lower than that of (D) which is lower than in (E) which is lower than it is in 解析：从比发发象，和发发性考发只有 B语 语 语 语 语 that语 语 语 语 annual per capita income语That语 中心发指代，发明annual per capita都是属于中心发不可缺少的部分。

语语语语语 语语语 one, ones, that, those 语语语语语语语语语语语—语语语语语语语语 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 noun phrase head语语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 one语ones语that 语 those语 I语 语 语 语 one 语 ones 的用法： 1语one 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 one 的复数形式 ones 只能替代复数名发。例如： My child doesn't like this book语Show her a more interesting one语 2语 语 语 语 one 语ones 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语, 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 one 语ones 在用法上的一个重要特征。例如： I don't like this book语I'd like a more interesting one语 3. 语 语 语 语 one 语ones 发有后置修发发发，它发前面发有定冠发。例如： Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before语 4. 语 语 语 语 one 语ones 在形容发比发发、最高发以及某些限定发如 this语that语which 和序数发等 语后，可以省略。例如： This book is much better than that语one语语 5语 语 语 语 one 语ones 通常不用在物主代发和名发所有格之后。如不可发 my one语s语 语 your one语s语 Peter's one语s）等等。one 语ones 语 语 语 语 own 语 之后。 但是，如果有了形容 one语s）可以和物主代 发， 发及名发所有格发用。如： My cheap camera seems to be just as good as John's expensive one语 6语one 作替代发发，在 of 语 语 语 语 语 the one 来表示所属关系和发似概念。如不可发： 语He put down his gun and picked up the one of Henry语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 He picked up Henry's语 7．当发个形容发表示发照的意思发，不能使用替代发 one。发在其中一个形容发后加上名发即可语 补补 Don't praise the younger child in the presence of the elder语 8语 语 语 语 one 如果不发任何前置修发发，即它的前面既没有限定发，又没有形容发发，便不是 语语语 发发发的中心发，而是替代整个名发发发。发发，one语a＋发数名发。例如： A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of rice语语one 语a cake语 one 的发种用法是泛指同发事物中的任何一个，相当一个不定冠发，因此它没有复数形式。要泛 语 复数事物，只能用 some。例如： Here are a few apples语Would you like some语语some of them语语 1. II语 语 语 语 that语those的用法： 2. 1.that语those通常用作指使代发，也可用作替代发。它发发是伴随着限定性的后置修发发，分发等于 the one 语 the ones。例如： The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor语 2.that语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 the one发不能。例如： The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin one语 以上发例中的that语 语 语 语 语 the one语 3.that作替代发，只能指物，不能指人。those作替代发，既可指物，也可指人。例如： 4.The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with语 发句中的 the one语 语 语 语 that语 5.that语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 “语”可以不一致。替代发数名发发，只替代“the 语 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

语 语语语”语 语 语 语 语 “a语 语 语 语 语 ”。例如： The song by Schubert is more tuneful than that by Britain语语that语the song语song语语语语语语语 发注意，发里发的 that语语语“the 语 语 语 语 语 ”语 语 语 语 语 “a 语 语语语语语语语that在句子中发发的作用，并 非要求它在句子中所代表的前面出发的发发必发是 “the 语 语 语 语 语 。例如： In those days they lived a life worse than that of a beast of burden语 在发句中，前面出发的发发发a life语语that替代的却是the life语 that作发替代发，它不能用于零关系分句（即没有关系代发的定发从句）之前。例如： The problem confronting us today is not dissimilar from that which the nation confronted in the 1930s语

175. (GWD-9-Q3) Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasingly common, many people now using their mobile phones to make calls across a wide region at night and on weekends, when numerous wireless companies provide unlimited airtime for a relatively small monthly fee. A. Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasingly common, many people B. As the cost of wireless service plummeted in the last year and as mobile phones became increasingly common, many people C. In the last year, with the cost of wireless service plummeting, and mobile phones have become increasingly common, there are many people D. With the cost of wireless service plummeting in the last year and mobile phones becoming increasingly common, many people are E. While the cost of wireless service has plummeted in the last year and mobile phones are increasingly common, many people are 语语语语语With …., many people are now using…..,when With引 发 独立主格 发发 作原因状 发 ，主 发many people,语语use的 发 行 发发 ,when引发发发 状发修发发发发发。

语语语 发目发发 1）在主从复发句子中要注意主句和从句的主发发发是否发全，常发的发发发发是缺少主句发发。

语语语语 : (A) and前后的分句 发发 都不完整； because of补 as不平行发称； because of后面核心 发 只有 costs，无法表 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 awkward语 (B) 缺少主 发成分，句子 发发 不完整； in the last year通常与发在完成发搭配；未划发部分的 provide语 的是 一 般 发 在 发 ， 发 as mobile phones became increasingly common 语 语 became 语 语语 语语 语 在发语 ； 语 as引发的原因状发从句并列 (C) and 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 and 后 面 句 子 run-on 的 发发 ； 此 发 there be 句 型 不 及 主 发发发 更 有 效 语 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

wordy 语 in the last year 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 the cost of wireless service plummeted 发发修发整句 发，造成发发发发 (D) Correct 语 with 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 as 语 语 语 语 ( 发 发 充 发 明 ) 语 语 语 become 语 increasingly 语 语 语 语 语 increasingly语语语语语more and more语语语语become语more语语语语语 (E) while引发 的从句要与主句发 生在同一发发 ，可是 wireless service has plummeted与主句不是同 一发发发生的，用while语 语 语 语 语 语 as表示原因或伴随更发合适

语语语语语 1. with语语"语 语 "的意思：(the following explanations are from Longman dictionary) 语语: because of a situation that exists: With John away there's more room in the house. 语语: with something doing something I can't do my homework with all this noise going on. 2. 语语in last语in the last的区发： e.g. : Did you see the game on TV last night? 昨天晚上 e.g. : Interest in golf has grown rapidly in the last ten years. 最近十年 再如大全 242. Despite the recent election of a woman to the office of prime minister, the status of women in Pakistan is little changed from how it was in the last century. (A) is little changed from how it was (B) is a little change from how it was (C) has changed little (D) has changed little from how it has been (E) is little changed from the way it was Key补 C语last 此发意思发"最近的"语语语"语语语",否发就不必用the.

176. (GWD17-Q12) Mauritius was a British colony for almost 200 years, excepting for the domains of administration and teaching, the English language was never really spoken on the island. A. excepting for B. except in C. but except in D. but excepting for E. with the exception of 语语语语语 Mauritius was a British colony…., but except in the domains…., the English language….. Mauritius 语语语a British colony 语语语but 发 接 发 折分句， except + in the domains 语语 语 语 语 语 语 the English language was never really spoken on the island整个句子。

语语语 句子发发 1语 语 语 excepting补 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

OG11 verbal review #13语Excepting usually appears in negative constructions;

The use of excepting is considered by many people to be acceptable only after not, only, always, or without. Everyone helped, not excepting John We must all obey the law, not [without] excepting the king. Elsewhere except is preferred: Every country agreed to the proposal except (not excepting) Spain; He was well again except for (not excepting) a slight pain in his chest. excepting 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语

语语语语 : (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

语语语语,一句发中出发发个独立的句子；for the domains语 语 语 语语语语,一句发中出发发个独立的句子。 正确。发里的 in语语语语except语 语 语 语 语 in the domains of. 意思是，排除发一发域…. excepting常用于否定句中e ，xcepting语 语 语 ing的形式，那么发发主发是language, 语 语 语 语 语 语语语语,一句发中出发发个独立的句子; with引发的从句有修发前半句或者后半句的起发

语语语语 语语Except语语语语语 1. except for: 用于非同发事物，它的发发与前述发象完全是发回事。 例 如： The room was very cold and, except for Jack, entirely empty. 发个房发很阴冷，而且除了杰克，完全是空发发的。 本句中，前述发象是"补 补 "，而除去的发象是"Jack"，发者毫无关系。 2. except:指同一发事物的发体中除去一部分，发发的是除去。 例如： He gets up early every day except Sunday. 除星期天外，他每天早起。 有发except 语 except for 可 以 发 用 ， 例 如 ： Except for(=except) John, the whole class passed the test. 全班同学除发翰外，全都通发了考发。 *语1.2.语GMAT语语语语语GMAT语语语语语except语except for语语语语语语语语 3. except that语 语 语 语 语 语 except近似，只是后面要跟从句。 例：He has always been in good health except that he has had a slight headache in the past few days. 除了在发去几天里有些发痛之外，他身体一直很好。 4. but:语语语 except互发，发发 "语 语 语 语 "语 例：Everyone attended the meeting but Mary.大家都出席了发次会发，但发发不在其列。 5. besides:补 补 "除此之外，发包括"语 例：She can speak French and Japanese besides English.除英发外，发发会发法发和日发。 6. apart from:其含发主要依据上下文而定，有发可与except发用，有发可代替besides. 例：Apart from the coat, the hat doesn't suit me.除价发太发，发帽子也不适合我戴。

语语语语语 13. Except for a concert performance that the composer himself staged in 1911, Scott Joplin’s ragtime opera语Tree monisha语was not produced语until 1972语sixty-one years after its completion语 (A) Except for a concert performance that the composer himself staged www.chasedream.com

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(B) (C) (D) (E)

Except for a concert performance with the composer himself staging it Besides a concert performance being staged by the composer himself Excepting a concert performance that the composer himself staged With the exception of a concert performance with the staging done by the composer himself Idiom + Rhetorical construction This sentence requires attention to idiom and to conciseness 语 Except for is correctly followed by a noun语concert performance语that the composer staged himself is a clause that dearly and concisely describes the performance语 A. In this sentence语the correct idiom is used in a clear and concise expression语 B. With…it is an ungrammatical construction语staging suggests ongoing action rather than action completed in 1911语 C. Being staged suggests ongoing rather than completed action 语 the passive voice is wordy and awkward语 D. Excepting usually appears in negative constructions 语 it is not the correct idiom in this sentence语 E. This sentence is awkward and wordy语 The correct answer is A语

177. (T-4-Q12) For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing an average of 2,275 gallons of milk each per year. A. providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing B. providing them with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces C. provided with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing D. provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces E. provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, Holstein cows will produce 语 语 语 语 语 For the farmer who … to keep them cool, provided and milked…., Holstein cows will produce……. cool语provided语milked三者并列做 keep的发发的发足发

语语语 句子发发，指代一致 1补 要明确句子的主发，找分发的发发主发发，发先考发句子的主发。同发注意修发发与被修发发象所发成 的修发关系是否符合发发含发。 2补 “will + 发发原型 ”除了表示将来发，发可以表示常常发生的事情。

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

语语语语 : (A) providing补 milking语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 keep， 发发 上 发发 ；无理由使用 are producing补 行发发，native speakers of english will recognize "are producing" at once as awkward语 (B) providing与 发外 发个成分不平行；指代不一致 ,前面用的them，发发 复数形式，所以不发发 是 the holstein cow；注意也不能发成the Holstein cows，因发是泛指牛，所以不发发加冠发。 (C) milking与发外发个成分不平行；“are producing”awkward语 (D) 指代不一致,前面用的them,发发复数形式，所以不发发是the holstein cow语 (E) Correct语

178. (GWD-1-Q21) That twenty-one ceramic dog figurines were discovered during the excavating of a 1,000year-old Hohokam village in Tempe, Arizona, has nearly doubled the number of these artifacts known to exist. A. That twenty-one ceramic dog figurines were discovered during the excavating B. Twenty-one ceramic dog figurines discovered at the excavation C. Discovering twenty-one ceramic dog figurines at the excavating D. Ceramic dog figurines, twenty-one of which were discovered during excavating E. The discovery of twenty-one ceramic dog figurines during the excavation 语语语语语The discovery ….has doubled the number of…

语语语 发发表发 1）名发的表发形式，如果发发本身有名发表发式，发不用 +ing的形式表示名发；同发，发名发发发发作 语 只能和发名发并列，不能和发发发果的名发并列。 2）注意发发表发是否合理。

语语语语 : (A) excavating不好，在表发 一件已发 完成的事情的 发 候，除非发 个发发 没有 -tion的形式，一般都用tion语语语语(语excavation),语 语 语 doing语语语(语excavating)语doing语 语 语 语 语 that语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 发和发法上都没有什么发发，只是不发发发。 (B) 主发不一致，如果figurines做主发，在未划发部分的发发发发has发发复数。 (C) discoveringdiscovery; excavatingexcavation (D) 用非限定性定发从句修发，改发原句含发；excavatingexcavation (E) Correct语discovery语 语 语 double语 语 语 .语语OG10-49语

语语语语语 49. The cameras of the Voyager II spacecraft detected six small, previously unseen moons circling Uranus, which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting the distant planet. (A) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting

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(B) doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known to orbit (C) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known in orbit around (D) doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting (E) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known that orbit The pronoun which should be used to refer to a previously mentioned noun, not to the idea expressed in an entire clause. In A, C, and E, which seems to refer to a vague concept invol¬ving the detection of moons, but there is no specific noun, such as detection, to which it can refer. Also in E, the use of the phrasing the number... now known that orbit is ungrammatical and unclear. B and D use the correct participial form, doubling, to modify the preceding clause, but D, like A, uses known as orbiting rather than known to orbit, a phrase that is more idiomatic in context. B, therefore, is the best answer.

179. (GWD-9-Q15) (OG12-36) Dressed as a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff, Deborah Sampson, the first woman to draw a soldier's pension, joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve. A. 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become B. 22, was injured three times, while being discharged in 1783 because she had become C. 22 and was injured three times, and discharged in 1783, being D. 22, injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she was E. 22, having been injured three times and discharged in 1783, being 发 目 发发 ： Deborah Sampson…joined…, was injured …, and was discharged….because she had become ……

语语语 平行发发；发发含发 1补 发去发用于描述发去发生的事件，发去完成发用于描述发去某一发点或发发之前发生并完成的事件。 发去完成发的使用首先要有明确的发发点发行提示，第二要合理的体发出“语语语语 ”的含发。 2补 当并列的短发中都包 is/was/were 含 发，只有当其表示相同意发，即都发be发发或助发发发，才可省略。

语语语语 : (A) Correct；需要找一个joined..., was injured..., and was discharged....的平行发发 ，只有此发发 符合要求；使用 发 去完成 发 表明了 she become too ill to serve 语 语 语 语 was discharged in 1783语语语she become too ill to serve 就是发修发最后半个句子，所以作者在发里特意用逗号把后 半个句子和前面区分开发了避免歧发，because语语语语语语语语语语语语，所以放在最后。 (B) was discharged语was injured 发发 不是发生在同一发发，使用 while发发状发发发，同发 破坏句子 语 语 语 语 语 being语语语语语while being发 成了被发发发 的发 去发 行发发，发个发作发发 是一个发 去式 语语语 (C) 语语语and多余，发改发逗号； discharge发发使用被发发发； being语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 discharged补 伴随发果，发发不合理。 (D) 发发并列， injured发发用被发，前要发出 was才能与joined补 was discharged语语语because she was语 www.chasedream.com

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用了一般发去发也是可以的。 (E) 语语having been injured…and discharged 做 前 面 主 句 的 伴 随 状 发 ， 表 明 be injured and discharged语语语joined语语语语语语语语and前面没有逗号隔开使得in 1783的修 发发 象改 发 ，原文是在 1783年退役，发在是被发了 3次及退役都发生在1783，同发 being语 语 语 语 语 语 be injured也包括了发 语语

语语语语 OG12-36解发： Parallelism; Logical predication This sentence introduces Deborah Sampson with a description of Sampson when she first enlisted, and goes on to describe her career in the Continental Army. The information about her historical significance interrupts the chronological flow of the sentence and must therefore be set off with commas. The sequence of events that marks her career must be presented as a parallel series of items. A. Correct. The phrase that describes Deborah Sampson as the first woman to draw a soldier’s pension intervenes between the subject and predicate of the main verb and thus is appropriately set off with commas; the three verbs in the main clause are in parallel form. B. While being … indicates that Sampson was injured at the same time she was discharged from the Army. C. Discharged should be in passive voice—was discharged—because Sampson did not do this herself. D. Injured needs to be in passive voice. E. having been injured … indicates that all Sampson’s injuries as well as her discharge occurred in 1783.

180. (GWD-11-39) When working with overseas clients, an understanding of cultural norms is at least as important as grasping the pivotal business issues for the global manager. A. When working with overseas clients, an understanding of cultural norms is at least as important as grasping the pivotal business issues for the global manager. B. When they work with overseas clients, understanding cultural norms is at least of equal importance to the global manager as grasping the pivotal business issues. C. For global managers working with overseas clients, understanding cultural norms is at least as important as grasping the pivotal business issues. D. For global managers working with overseas clients, an understanding of cultural norms is at least as important to them as that they grasp the pivotal business issues. E. Global managers working with overseas clients find an understanding of cultural norms to be equally important as grasping the pivotal business issues. 语语语语语For managers …, understanding … is at least as… as grasping …...

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

语语语 主发一致平行发称（ Parallelism补 1. as…as引发的平行发发中，每个平语语语语语语语 语 语 语 语 语 语 2. 状发从句的省略: a)

语语语 语 : 语语语语/语语/语语/语语的发发(when/while/if/unless/although/even though/even if) + 语语语语语/-ing 语语/ed 语语 (语语语语语语语语语语) (语语 when a child/ when children 语 语 语 语

b) c)

if + n.语语语语)

语语语语:表示发发/语语/发折的发发 + 介发短发/名发短发(although just inside the orbit of Jupiter 语语语)(OG10-69) 语 语 语 语 :once 语语语语语语语/名发短发 ; whatever 可以加名发短发

d) 状发从句省略的条件： 第一点是毫无疑发的：发发主发等于句子主发 第二点也是必 发 的：从句的 发发 必需是 be（没要求主句 发发 也必 发 是 be！，发句发发可以看成是省略了 be语语语 从句主发和发发要么同省，要么同留。

语语语语 : (A) when working语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 an understanding语语语语understanding做名发意发“理解”， 不同于做发名发发的“了解”，用名发的含发不符合发境； at least as...as语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 前面是an understanding名发，后面是grasping语 语 语 语 语 (B) when working语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 an understanding，发发不匹配；they无明确指代发象，发 发上指代manager，但是 manager是发数；as...as语语语语语at least后面缺少as语 (C) Correct语understanding补 grasping完美发称，at least as ... as发发完整 (D) to them冗余，与句首的for global managers重复；understanding做名发意发“理解”，不同于做发 名发发 的“了解”，用名发的含发不符合发境，且 an understanding与后面的that从句形式上不平行语 that从句也发于复发 (E) equally important as 不 符 合 发发 ； as ... as 发 发 不 完 整 ； find 引 发 的 句 子 发 于 繁 发 ； understanding做名发意发“理解”，不同于做发名发发的“了解”，用名发的含发不符合发境；at least as...as比发发发前后发象不发等，前面是an understanding名发，后面是grasping语 语 语 语

181. (GWD-24-38) In January 1994 an oil barge ran aground off the coast of San Juan, Puerto Rico, leaking its cargo of 750,000 gallons into the ocean, while causing the pollution of the city's beaches. A. leaking its cargo of 750,000 gallons into the ocean, while causing the pollution of B. with its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaking into the ocean, and it polluted C. and its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaked into the ocean, polluting D. while it leaked its cargo of 750,000 gallons into the ocean and caused the pollution of E. so that its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaked into the ocean, and they were polluting 语语语语:..an oil barge ran aground, and its cargo leaked……., polluting

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语语语 发目发发，发发表发 1. while的用法： while引发的从句： 1) 意思是 “补 …补 ”，放句首或句中 2) 意思是 “发折发比contrast”发，多放在句中，也可以放在句首。 while表示发比概念的发候，发个事 物要是同 发发 生（但是 while本身并没有at the same time的意思，所以while at the same time语 语 语 prep 1-96语 语 3) 意思是 “语语语语语”（发步）发，多放在句首。(=although) 4) 补 补 补 补 ,语语"语 语 ",其意思和用法相当于as long as语while可位于句首,也可位于句中。 2. 发在分发的用法，发在分发在句中可用作表发、定发、状发、发发，如 1) 作表发 :The situation is quite encouraging. 2) 语 语 语 语 :Do you know the girl sitting under the tree? She is a charming girl. 3) 语语:The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing. 4) 语语:Don’t keep us waiting for a long time.I heard him singing in the classroom. 语Gmat中，常发分发做定发及状发的发发。一点要注意的发在分发和发去分发不可以做句子主发(语 果放在句首发要考发是否倒装 )，发名发和不定式可以，发名发做主发往往表示一个概念，不定式表示 一个概念或者一个即将发生的发作。 3. 发在分发在句尾用逗号与主句隔开发，可以做伴随发果状发和伴随发作状发；当其在做伴随发果状发发 语 并没有发发主发（但是与主句主发发合要有意发，具体发本发后面发充发明）。

语语语语语 A. leaking语 语 ran aground off的 发 果状 发 不如并列合理（ ran aground语 语 语 语 leaking语语while causing中暗指被省略的causing语 语 语 语 barge语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 while语 语 语 causing和前面分 句的关系不合理(不管是引发发状、发是发折、发是发步、发是条件)语causing the pollution语 语 语 语 polluting做发果状发表发有效； B. and后面的it语 语 barge语语语barge不能造成发染，而是撞发并泄露的事才造成发染，所以 and发发的 发发并列关系不成立。 C. Correct语 D. it leaked its cargo of 750,000 gallons语 语 语 语 语 caused的发作发者是barge发发上不合理，发 发是泄漏发件事情发致；用while来表发前后分句的发发关系发发；caused the pollution of语 语 语 语 E. they只能指代前面唯一的复数gallons，但 gallons只是一个 发位，无法发 致发 染， 发发 含发发发 (语语 解发发they无所指)语语so that前不发有逗号，而且 its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaked into the ocean语语语an oil barge ran aground off the coast of San Juan 的必然 发 果，所以 发发 上用 so that发接不合适。

语语语语语 语语语语语语语语语语语 a) 分发短发在句首作状发:发 发发=主句 主 主发 b) ing 分发短发在句尾:  表伴随发作/语语/语 ,语与句子发发发作同发发生 ,发发主发 =句子主发  语语语语语,语语语语语语语,语语语语语语语语,语语语语语.可以在分发前加 thus/thereby/in effect/in fact 补, 也可以不加语OG10-259语语

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*：注意无发前面是主发发是被发发发 ，发在分发短发修发的都是主发，如下面 manhattan 语 Ron 大神所示例子： My brother tricked me, disappointing Dad --> implies that dad is disappointed in my brotherfor tricking me (and not necessarily disappointed in me for being tricked). I was tricked by my brother, disappointing Dad -->implies that dad is disappointed in me because i fell for my brother's trick(and not that he's disappointed in my brother for tricking me).

c) ed 分发短发在句尾,一般发先就近作定发,语 语 语 语 [OG10-127] d) ing 语语语 ed 分发在句中：发先作定发修发就近的名发[OG10-191] e) 介发或介发短发 +ing 语语: in addition to/in/by/without/besides+doing…,补 补  在句首 ,发发主发 =句子主发  在句尾,发发主发可能是句子主发也可能不是 语语语语语语语语语语 – by tigercaiqun 1.当 发去分发 在句末发 ，不管有无逗号， 语语语语语语语语语语 ; 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards. 语语语语语语语语语语 2.发在分发在句末发，无逗号是就近修发的名发的定发； 3.当发在分发在句尾且前有逗号发,修发发近句子的主 ,做主发 发的伴随状发或做句子的伴随发果.因此不能用句尾发 在分发修发前面句尾的名发. 语语OG127 语C 语语:"the phrase having been assigned...is uncertain in reference,making the sentence unclear."-->语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 employee 语, 语语语语语语语语 governments 语. (语语语 GMAT 语 ,having been done 语语语语语 ,语语语语 done) 避免上述发发 的方:语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 法 --OG127 语语语语 B (语语语语语语语语语语语语语.语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 , 语语语语语语语语(语语语语语语语,语语语语语语语语语语)语语语语语语语语)语语 OG120 语语语语语语:语语语语语语,语语语语 A 语语语语语.E 语语语语语语语语语语语. 4.语 语 语 /发去分发在句中且前没有逗号,修发前面发发名发; 5.语 语 语 /发去分发在句中且前后都有逗号,语 语 语 :1)修发前面发发的名发,2)向后修发后面句子的主发 . 语语语语语 GMAT 语语语,语语语语语语语语,语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 .语语语语:1)语语语语语/语语语语语语语语语语.2)语语语 语语语语语,语语语语语语语语语语语语语语-->语语语语语语语语语语语语.语 OG179 6.在前面有多个名发如语语 1+语语 +语语 2 语语,语语语语语语语语语 1 语,语语语语语语语语语语 1 语语语语语语语:语语 1+语语 +语语 2,语语 1+语语 .语 OG208语

182. (GWD-18-Q17) Rivaling the pyramids of Egypt or even the ancient cities of the Maya as an achievement, the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang, China's first emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete them. A. took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete them B. took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete it C. took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete D. 700,000 artisans took more than 36 years to complete E. to complete them took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years

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语语语语语the army is …. and took …. years to complete

语语语 发目发发，指代一致 1. 不定式的用法：当不定式修发其发发发发发 ，如 Can you give me some work to do? 语 语 语 语 语 面是不能发发发的。(具体不定式用法发发充发明) 2. Run-on sentence语

语语语语 : (A) 当不定式修发其发发发发发 ，不定式的后面是不能发发发 的：发个句子里 to complete语 语 语 语 语 语 语took语 语 语 语 语 语 语 the army of terra-cotta warriors，所以其后面不能再发发发；them与所指 语语the army of terra-cotta warriors 发复数不一致。 (B) it必发省略，原因如A语 (C) Correct语 (D) 700,000 artisans重新引出新的句子，and前缺少逗号，形式上是造成了 run-on sentence；同发 因发主发不一致，complete后面发发加发发it语 语 语 the army of terra-cotta warriors语 (E) to complete提前使句式awkward，常用发发表发是sth. took sb. some time to do语them与所指 语语the army of terra-cotta warriors 发复数不一致。

语语语语语 OG12-61语 Rivaling the pyramids of Egypt or even the ancient cities of the Maya as an achievement, the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete. (A) the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang, China’s fi rst emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete (B) Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, was protected in his afterlife by an army of terracotta warriors that was created more than 2,000 years ago by 700,000 artisans who took more than 36 years to complete it (C) it took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to create an army of terra-cotta warriors more than 2,000 years ago that would protect Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, in his afterlife (D) more than 2,000 years ago, 700,000 artisans worked more than 36 years to create an army of terra-cotta warriors to protect Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, in his afterlife (E) more than 36 years were needed to complete the army of terra-cotta warriors that 700,000 artisans created 2,000 years ago to protect Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, in his afterlife Logical predication; Rhetorical construction The opening modifier, Rivaling the pyramids … describes the army of terra-cotta warriors, which must immediately follow the modifier. The placement of the predicates that follow is important; they must clarify two things about the army of terra-cotta warriors: how old it is www.chasedream.com

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and how long it took to complete. The clearest and most effective way to express these two assertions is as parallel verb phrases, is more than 2,000 years old and took … more than 36 years to complete. A Correct. Th e opening phrase correctly modifies the subject, the army of terra-cotta warriors; the placement of modifiers and predicates in the main clause makes the meaning of the sentence clear. B Opening phrase is a dangling modifier because it does not describe the subject Qin Shi Huang; in addition, the sentence is awkward and unclear. C Opening phrase is a dangling modifier because it does not describe the subject it; the sequence of information presented is confusing and unclear. D Opening phrase is a dangling modifier because it does not describe the subject 700,000 artisans. E Opening phrase is a dangling modifier because it does not describe the subject more than 36 years. The correct answer is A.

语语语语语 1. 不定式做状发的含发： (1) 不定式常常作语语状发、语语状发、语语状发等。 (2) 不定式作状发发，要注意不定式的发发主发发与句子的主发保持一致。 2. 不定式做定发的含发： (1) 不定式在句中作定发，置于被修发的语语语语语之后。如： 1

The next train to arrive is from Washington.

2

Have you anything to be taken to your sister?

3

Do you have anything to say on the question?

4

Would you please give me some paper to write on?

5

My wish to visit France has come true at last.

(2) 不定式短发作定发和被修发发之发表示以下关系： 1)

语语语语的发作（例语）。

2)

与被修发发之发语语语语语，如是不及物发发，发需加介发（例语）。

3)

与被修发发之发有发发关系，同发与句中其它发之发又语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 （例语语语 如 只有发发 关系，而与句中其它发语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语（例语）。

183. (GWD-6-Q22) Charles Lindbergh, for his attempt at a solo transatlantic flight, was very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he therefore refused to carry even a pound of mail, despite being offered $1,000 to do so. A. Charles Lindbergh, for his attempt at a solo transatlantic flight, was very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he therefore B. When Charles Lindbergh was attempting his solo transatlantic flight, being very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he C. Since he was very reluctant to carry any extra weight on his plane when he was www.chasedream.com

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attempting his solo transatlantic flight, so Charles Lindbergh D. Being very reluctant to carry any extra weight on his plane when he attempted his solo transatlantic flight was the reason that Charles Lindbergh E. Very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane when he attempted his solo transatlantic flight, Charles Lindbergh 语 语 语 语 语 Very reluctant to have any extra weight ….., Charles Lindbergh refused to …….., despite…..… 语语语Charles Lindbergh，形容 发 引 发 的不定式前置，修 发 主 发 ， 发发发 refuse to do sth语despite引发的状发从句，修发发发，表发折。

语语语 句子发发 1. Attempt语 语 语 : 做及物发发发： attempt to do sth. attempt sth. 做名发发： an attempt at (doing) sth. an attempt to do sth. 但是不及attempt to do sth.发发有效

语语语语 : (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

缺少发发发 ， 套主发发发therefore是 ，注意 副发，不能做发发 用 for引 ； 出目的状发发发 不发合理，发发发 状 即可。 being语语语being very reluctant to引发的成分发心修发。 since补 so发意重复，且发句发发个发发发发。； 句式发发复 clumsy&awkward语 发， Correct语

语语语语语 语语语despite的偏发：despite语语语语语语n.+语语语语语语语语语语语语语 语 语 . Very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane when he attempted his solo transatlantic flight, Charles Lindbergh refused to carry even a pound of mail, despite being offered $1,000 to do so. prep1-183. Despite recent increases in sales and cash flow that have propelled automobile companies' common stocks to new highs, several industry analysts expect automakers, in order to conserve cash, to be more conservative than they have been in setting dividends. OG11-92. Despite protests from some waste-disposal companies, state health officials have ordered that the levels of bacteria in seawater at popular beaches be measured and the results published. prep2- 209. (GWD-10-Q21) Despite the growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machines, many travelers will still use travel agents.

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184. (GWD-10-Q41) (OG12-48) In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced the greatest translation in any language. A. his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced B. his translation of the Iliad, a work that took him seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced C. his translation of the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it as D. translating the Iliad, a work that took seven years until completion and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it as E. translating the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it 语语语语语 Alexander Pope began his translation …, a work that …. and that…. a work引发同位发从句，修发the Iliad语that…and that…语 语 work，第二个that语 语语 语语语语 语语that(语语a work)语pronounced语 语 语 语 the greatest translation…是发发。

语语语 平行发称，发发发 表 1. 发发表发，修发同一发象的成分必发用发发发接使其平行，否发会发生修发歧发。 2. 平行发称，出发发发and要注意句子的平行发象是否合理并且符合原句意思。 : pronounce sb/sth sth/adj: 3. pronounce固定搭配 e.g. The victim was pronounced dead on arrival. 语 I now pronounce you man and wife. 4. 不定式的用法，参照前面182语语

语语语语 :

(A) taking him seven years until completion做了插入 发 ，使得 a work that后面的 that从句没有主干内容； take sb. some time until completion语语completion的发作发出者不明。 (B) Correct语sth. that sb. pronounce sth.语pronounce语 语 语 that已发前置，同发也发明了定发从句先行发在定 在考发平行、无歧发的情况下，有发需要发出关系代发。 (C) 使用发 去完成发发发发 ，发 去完成发 表发 了 had taken语语语began以前： “发 在开始翻以前就被翻 ”，很荒发 ；发 take 好了 seven years to complete 语take后面省略发发 him语语语语 complete不清楚，好像是指所有人； pronounce it as …it多余，且固定搭配发发，pronounce sb/sth sth语语语as语 (D) a work 发 成了同位修 the Iliad语 发 语 语 语 the translation语 语 语 语 take后面省略发发him语语语语complete语 语语语until completion补 take语complete的关系割裂，造成completion的发作发出者不明，同发使 得前 take 面 seven years语 语 语 语 语 pronounce it as …it多余，且固定搭配发发， pronounce sb/sth sth语语语as语 (E) a work 发成了同位修发the Iliad语 语 语 语 the translation，发发 ；使用发去完成发发发发 ，发去完 成发表发了 had taken语语语began以前：“发在开始翻以前就被翻发好了 ”，很荒发； and后面并没有

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采用与前面 that平行的方式，而是重新起了一个分句，使得句式awkward, weird&unclear语

语语语语语 OG12-48的解发： Logical predication; Grammatical construction

Pope’s translation of the Iliad, not the Iliad itself, took seven years to complete. Th e main point of the sentence is that Pope began this translation in 1713, and every other comment about it must be subordinated to that opening claim, in parallel relative clauses. A. work that … requires a verb; without it, the sentence is a fragment. B. Correct. Pope’s translation is described as a work, which is then described concisely in two dependent clauses. C. The pronoun it after pronounced is redundant, an ungrammatical reference to a work, which has already been referenced by the relative pronoun that. ungrammatical reference to a work, which has already been referenced by the relative pronoun that. D. The appositive phrase a work … incorrectly refers to the Iliad, not Pope’s translation. E. The appositive phrase a work … incorrectly refers to the Iliad; the coordinating conjunction introduces inappropriate emphasis on Johnson’s description, and the expression is awkward and unclear.

185. (GWD-8-Q41) When drive-ins were at the height of their popularity in the late 1950s, some 4,000 existed in the United States, but today there are less than one-quarter that many. A. there are less than one-quarter that many B. there are fewer than one-quarter as many C. there are fewer than one-quarter of that amount D. the number is less than one-quarter the amount E. it is less than one-quarter of that amount 语 语 语 语 语 when drive-ins were…, 4,000 existed in the United States, but today there are fewer than one-quarter as many.

语语语

比发发发，发发表发，句子发发 1.4000发个发独的数字不可能 existed in the United States，且数字可以做代发，故4000语 语 语 4000 driveins，后面要用复数形式的发发发发。 2.amount的用法：GMAT补 补AMOUNT的用法解发是： amount is for undifferentiated masses such as sand or water，即 amount用于修 发 不可分割的物体，即修 发 不可数名 发 ，因 发4000 drive-ins语 4000个不同的个体所以that amount语 语 语 语 语 4000。发外amount语less补 补 3.比发。发发：less/fewer than X percent of Y语less补 fewer的发用取决于Y是否可数，本发的比发发象 语drive-ins。既然全句比发的是可数名发，相发地，需要用are语fewer补 many/number等与可数名发复数形式相一 www.chasedream.com

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致的表述。 4.as many语 语 语 (语语Longman): as many=a number that is equal to another number 表示同发的数字 They say the people of Los Angeles speak 12 languages and teach just as many in the schools. in as many days/weeks/games etc. A great trip! We visited five countries in as many days (=in five days). *: "twice as many", "one-quarter as many", etc.都是非常常发的用法，发住发发的表发。

语语语语 : (A) one quarter加后面的部分发发 less修 是一个可数 发不可数名 发，而 发，且用 less的发 ，前面要用 there is，故用less语语语 that many的表发 unidiomatic语 (B) Correcet ； 发 全 省 略 即 there are fewer than one-quarter as many (as there were at the height of their popularity in the late 1950s)语 fewer修发可数名发正确；one-quarter在此做副 语 语 语 as many，后面不用再加of语 语 语 语 twice as many/much as语 (C) amount修发不可数名发，不能用来修发4,000语drive-ins）发个可数的量。 (D) the number指代不清；the amount指代不清，只能修发不可数名发； the number is less语 语 语 语语less补 smaller都可以修发数字。 (E) it语 语 语 语 语 语 语 that amount语语4,000 drive-ins语语amount只能用于修发不可数名发。

语语语语 : 1. 语 语 A语 语 语 语 that many发有一种解发that ：如果是 many，发不能直接跟在副发one-quarter后面，发发在 that many前加上of，使得one-quarter作发代发身份出发：one-quarter of of that many语 2. D发发不看未划发部分，不考发指代来发是没有发发的，the number is less than one-quarter the amount. one-quarter 语 语 语 语 语 / 语 语 语 the 语 语 amount 语 ， 中 发 并没 有 缺 少 of. 语 语 amount 语 语 语 语 语:4000 drive-ins是可数的 . 3. 语 语 less, fewer, amount and number: (http://www.english-for-students.com/Less-1.html) This is a vast subject. I will try to limit the number of words I expend on it so as not to use up too great an amount of space. The confusion between the two categories of words relating to amount and number is so pervasive that those of us who still distinguish between them constitute an endangered species; but if you want to avoid our ire, learn the difference. Amount words relate to quantities of things that are measured in bulk; number to things that can be counted. In the second sentence above, it would have been improper to write “the amount of words” because words are discrete entities which can be counted, or numbered. Here is a handy chart to distinguish the two categories of words: amount number quantity number little

few

less

fewer

much

many

You can eat fewer cookies, but you drink less milk. If you eat too many cookies, people would probably think you’ve had too much dessert. If the thing being measured is being considered in www.chasedream.com

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countable units, then use number words. Even a substance which is considered in bulk can also be measured by number of units. For instance, you shouldn’t drink too much wine, but you should also avoid drinking too many glasses of wine. Note that here you are counting glasses. They can be numbered. The most common mistake of this kind is to refer to an “amount” of people instead of a “number” of people. Just to confuse things, “more” can be used either way: you can eat more cookies and drink more milk. Exceptions to the less/fewer pattern are references to units of time and money, which are usually treated as amounts: less than an hour, less than five dollars. Only when you are referring to specific coins or bills would you use fewer: “I have fewer than five state quarters to go to make my collection complete.”

186. (GWD-6-Q41) The greatest road system built in the Americas prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus was the Incan highway, which, over 2,500 miles long and extending from northern Ecuador through Peru to southern Chile. A. Columbus was the Incan highway, which, over 2,500 miles long and extending B. Columbus was the Incan highway, over 2,500 miles in length, and extended C. Columbus, the Incan highway, which was over 2,500 miles in length and extended D. Columbus, the Incan highway, being over 2,500 miles in length, was extended E. Columbus, the Incan highway was over 2,500 miles long, extending 语语语语语The greatest road system…,the Incan highway was over…, extending from… to…

语语语 句子发发发发发 ， 表 1. 句子发发，有分句的发复发句子，要注意分句的主发发发是否完整，分句之发是否有正确的发发发接， 整个句子是否有主句，常发的发发是只有从句无主句，或者把形容发发发发成主句内容。 2. extend后面接adverb/preposition/distance发，是不及物发发，无被发发发，如： + across/over/through etc 语 The River Nile extends as far south as Lake Victoria. extend 100 km/30 yards etc (from sth) 语 The shelf extends 20 cms from the bookcase.

语语语语 : (A) which引发的定发从句缺少发发发发 (B) extended 发 得 与 前 面 分 句 发 发 was 并 列 ， 而 发发 上 Incan highway 多 少 发 ， 多 少 米 并 列 修 发 highway最合理； entend语 语 语 语 语 the greatest road system语 语 语 ”the greatest … Clumbus” 都只是描述成分，核心 发发发 是 Incan highway，所以the greatest road system语语extend语语语 不合适 www.chasedream.com

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(C) 整个句子缺少发发发发 ；extended语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 highway被延伸了，发发上延伸是 highway主发发 出的 语语语in length语 语 语 语 语 语 语 long语 语 语XXX 语 语 miles in length的表发形式是正确的 (D) being语语wordy语in length语 语 long语语语extended语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 highway语 语 语 语 语 语 发是“一路延伸到某个发度”发个感发 (E) Correct语Extending语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 in length语long日常英发中表发发度发(GMAT中待 基本没有区 定 )发

187. (GWD-1-Q32) To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility. A. have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic B. have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical C. would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical D. would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic E. would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic 语语语语语To develop…, demographers would have to…more than now they do about…

语语语 语语语语 1.关于 economic语economical economic 语”语语语语”语economical语”语语语”语 1)economic [only before noun]PE relating to trade, industry, and the management of money Economic growth is slow. the government's economic policy Economic reform is needed. In the current economic climate (=conditions), we must keep costs down 2) economical =cheap or not wasteful.

语语语语 : (A) a great deal语now补 补 (than后面只有一个成分now，所以a great deal只有与其发行发比)语 语 语 语 语语now作发状发没有与其平行的副发，所以 than后面需要有成分能发与 a great deal语 语 语 语 语 好的解决方法是than后面发出主发，使than前后形成句子的平行，发出发发 的原因是使比 发发 象没 语语语 语 (B) economic 的 意思是： relating to trade, industry, and the management of money ， 而 economical发便宜 or发 省的意思，根据发发含发发发用economic语 (C) economical语 语 语 语 语 (D) Correct；本句使用would have to语语have to语语语(发发发 )语充发明 (E) a great deal语now语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 www.chasedream.com

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语语语语语 1. would have to know是不很肯定的发气，其表发的是have to do的内容只是一个假发，并不是真的“补 补”语 语 have to表发的意思是，要做的事情非常重要，“补补”去做。在本发中发种含发都合理，因此没有必 语语语 语 语 语 语 语

语语语语语语 语 语 10. A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago. (A) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago (B) and make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago (C) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it was five years ago (D) to make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago (E) in making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it as five years ago Key: C

语语语语语 The animosity between those who regulate and those who are regulated has never been more pronounced than in recent debates over environmentalism and pollution control. 语 语 语 语 语 never 语 in recent debates 语 语 语 语

188. (GWD-7-Q33) The health benefits of tea have been the subject of much research; in addition to its possibilities for preventing and inhibiting some forms of cancer, the brewed leaves of Camellia sinensis may also play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. A. in addition to its possibilities for preventing and inhibiting B. in addition to its possibilities to prevent or inhibit C. besides the possibility that it prevents and inhibits D. besides the possible preventing and inhibiting of E. besides possibly preventing or inhibiting 语 语 语 语 语 besides possibly preventing or inhibiting …, the leaves ..may also play a role in …

语语语 发发表发，指代一致,固定搭配

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

1. preventing语inhibiting之发是用 or语语and补 prevent: to stop something from happening, or stop someone from doing something inhibit: to prevent something from growing or developing well 语语语语prevent语inhibit的关系就如 destroy语damage的关系 语语语语语语 prevent语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 inhibit 是抑制，即发 少。所以不可能既完全阻止又发 少，更不可能先完全阻止后 发少，所以 prevent and inhibit在发发意思上发发发，只能用 prevent or inhibit语 语 语 语 语 语 ACD，再用its语语B补 补 补 2. Possibility语语语语语: possibility (that) There's always a possibility that he might go back to Seattle. possibility for/of (doing) something exciting possibilities for reducing costs 语 Archer began to explore the possibilities of opening a club in the city. 发发搭配：possibility to do sth.

语语语语 : (A) it指代发发，不能指代复数名发 brewed leaves，有疑似指代subject的嫌疑； (B) possibility语to do的搭配发； it指代发发 ，不能指代复数名发brewed leaves，有疑似指代subject 的嫌疑； (C) 语 语 语 语 语 possibility that不如possibility of doing 发发；prevents and inhibits 不符合 发发 ， 发 语语or补 it指代发发，不能指代复数名发brewed leaves，有疑似指代subject的嫌疑； (D) 补 possible preventing不如possibly preventing；和主句的in doing不能保持平行 (E) Correct补 preventing or inhibiting和主句的reducing保持平行（形合），从发一点上可以发上排 除其他发发，而不用去考发preventing语inhibiting之是 发 用or语语and

189. (GWD3-Q30) (语Prep2-131) Today’s technology allows manufacturers to make small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any time in their production history. A. small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any time in their B. small cars that are more fuel-efficient than they were at any time in their C. small cars that are more fuel-efficient than those at any other time in D. more fuel-efficient small cars than those at any other time in their E. more fuel-efficient small cars now than at any time in 语语语语语Today’s technology allows … to…

语语语 语语语语语语语语语 1. 语语more + adj. + n.的发发，往往都有修发歧发，因发more可以做形容发也可以做副发，不知 more 是修发adj.，发是修发n. 补more fuel-efficient small cars可能有下面发种意思：  more [fuel-efficient small cars]语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语  [more fuel-efficient] small cars：更发发省油的小发 www.chasedream.com

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语语语语 : (A) 比发的是发发状发，比发发象发成now语at any time，发代科技能使小发”在发在比在发去”省油，发发存在 发发发发 ； today语Now重复；at any time没有将自身排除在外，发发 any other time补 their语语语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 cars，可发法上更发向于指代manufacturers补 (B) that are more fuel-efficient发然表发比发繁复，但使意思清楚，没有歧发； they语语cars that are more fuel-efficient(语语small cars的修发发)，表发了前后是同一批cars，既出发在发在，发要出发 在任何生发史的发段，发发用 those来指代前面的 cars语those发核心发指代）at ； any time没有将自身排 除在外，发发any other time补 their语 语 语 语 语 A补 (C) Correct补 that are more fuel-efficient 发 然表 发 比 发 繁复，但使意思清楚，没有歧 发 ； those语语 的指代了cars，使比发发 象发等； at any other time排除了比发的发一段 —today，合理；发发 目 句子合理的意思发发是，发在造出的发，比汽发生发史上其它任何发候造出来的发要更省油；比如发语 2005年造出来的发 2004年造出来的 子比 发子省油。而不是某一既定的发子在发在比在发去省油，打个比方发语 不发发是某发发子A语2005年比在它在2004年省油。在发造发个句子发，我发一定要注意发一点，避 免形成发似的歧发 / 发发发发 。避免 发 种 发发 的方法在于，保发 句子是名发 或代发cars/those语语语语 发，而不是表发发的副发或介发发发发的比发 。 smallcars that are more fuel-efficient than…语 种定发从句发发是没有歧发的。 (D) more fuel-efficient small cars补补adj补补补补补more补 补 补 补 fuel-efficient，也可修发cars补 their发发 语A补 (E) more fuel-efficient small cars补补adj补补补补补more补 补 补 补 fuel-efficient，也可修发cars；比发发 象 补 补 now语at any time补 at any time没有将自身排除在外，发发any other time补

190. (GWD-28-Q24) Until the passage of the Piracy and Counterfeiting Amendments Act in 1982, a first-time charge of copyright infringement was merely a misdemeanor charge, federal prosecutors being unlikely in pursuing criminal copyright infringers, while offenders were subject to relatively small penalties. A. charge, federal prosecutors being unlikely in pursuing criminal copyright infringers, while offenders were B. charge, with federal prosecutors who were unlikely to pursue criminal copyright infringers, offenders being C. charge, federal prosecutors unlikely to pursue criminal copyright infringers, while offenders were D. charge; therefore, federal prosecutors were unlikely in pursuing criminal copyright infringers and offenders being E. charge; therefore, federal prosecutors were unlikely to pursue criminal copyright infringers, and offenders were 语 语 语 语 语 a first-time charge was merely a misdemeanor charge; therefore, federal prosecutors were unlikely to pursue…., and offenders were subject to …. “盗版发发是不良行发；所以发察官不怎么会追究侵发者，而盗版人所受的发发也很少”

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

语语语 句子发发发发发 ， 表 1. 独立主格发发独立主格 做伴随状发发 发：是由一个名发或代发（作发发短发发发的发发主发），加上一个分发、形容发、 副发、发发不定式或介发短发（作发发短发发发的发发发发）发成 . 独立主格发发放在句首或句尾，起状发作用，表伴随语语 语 语语 语 语语 补 1)一般独立主格 ,与主句形成松散的发发关系，与主句描述发作、状发同发发生或存在，形式发 : n语+ n.; n. + -ed/ing 语语; n. + 介发短发;n. +形容发短发 2)with 型独立主格 ,与主句形成发密的发发发系,语 语 语 : 语“with＋发发＋ ”发 发发 成的复合发发，在句中可作状发，表示伴随，修发发近分句主发， with后面发发发 与主发相关的发西。发一发发中的发发发足发 语 语 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语等来充当。 例：Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline. 注：伴随型的状发之所发叫做“伴随”是因发发 个状发的发生因发前面某个发作的发生而存在 -->语语 随状 发 ，修 发 的是 发发 ，更确切地 发 是 “ 发 作 ” 。因此在此 with短 发 修 发 的是 sleeping语 语 sleeping的发发 主发monkeys，因此with短 是 发的发发主发就成了Monkeys补 语语语补 补 补 补 with + noun. + modifier其发是发发的介发短发，而不是独立主格发发，一定要注意 从发发上发行区分（如果从发法上入手区分会太耗发发发也没有必要，特此再次发发要从发 发 看 发 法的 重要性），比如 发 个正 确的句子 OG13-7 补The intricate structure of the compound insect eye, with its hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, helps explain why scientists have assumed that it evolved independently of the vertebrate eye. 语语called ommatidia 并不是表示 miniature eyes的发 作、状发 等独立主格表示出来的发发 ，本发 上 with its hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia并非独立主格发发 ，而是发发 的介发短发 ，介发 短发 修发 的是其 发近的名发或名发短发，在此根据发发 with短发修发发近的the compound insect eye补 3)each型独立主格,发发句尾名发 ,语 语 语 : 句子 + 复数名发发尾, each + 介发短发/形容发短发/-ed语语/-ing 形式。 语语语 ：独立主格并不包括 with “ + n. + 语 语 语 语 ” 语 “ n. + 定发从句”的形式，发个形式做的是非限定性修发前 面名发的定发，因发发个形式就相当于n, with + n.，或者是n., n. + that概括性同位发。 2. 同位发与独立主格最主要的区发在于：同位发描述的是事物的具体内容、特征，是一种解发；独立主格 发是表示一种伴随状发，描述与所描述分句同步发生的事情。 3. 固定搭配：unlikely to do

语语语语 : (A) being多 余；unlikely in doing用法发发；while offenders were成了主句的发发状发从句，发发发发补 (B) who were多余，发发省略；with federal prosecutors who were是定发发发，非限定性修发就近 语 语 语 a misdemeanor charge，发发不符；being多余；句式不好，独立主格修发介发短发里面的 语语语awkward；而且割裂了were unlikely to pursue criminal copyright infringers, offenders being subject to relatively small penalties与主句的关系。 (C) 前后不是伴随关系，而发发 是因果关系； while offenders were成了主句的发发 状发 从句，发发发 补补 (D) unlikely in doing用法发发；being发发，不发发用发在分发，而发发直接做发发。 (E) Correct

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

语语语语语 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 一、分发短发做伴随状发：发在分发短发和发去分发短发都可以做伴随状发，发在分发短发表示与主句的 主发在发发上有主发关系，即表主发意发；而发去分发短发发表示与主句的主发在发发上是发发关系 语 即被发意发。 例如： 1语“Can't you read语”Mary said angrily pointing to thenotice. 2语He sent me an e-mail hoping to get further information. 3语He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards语 二、形容发短发做伴随状发： 形容发短发做伴随状发发，通常表状发。例如： 1语Full of apologies, the manager approached us．发理向我发走来，嘴里不停地发着抱歉的发补 2语He was too excited, unable to say a word．他太激发了，一句发也发不出来。 3语He stared at the footprint, full offear．他发着脚印，发心恐惧。 三、发个形容发做伴随状 个形容发发 做伴随状 ： 发也表示状发，不表发作。例如： 1语He sat there, silent．他一声不发地坐在那儿。 2语Breathless, she rushed in through the back door．穿发后发，他气喘吁吁地冲了发来。 3语He went to bed, cold and hungry．他又冷又发地上床睡发了。

191. (GWD-10-Q24) For the last five years the Dutch economy has grown faster than Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained well below that of the other three countries. A. Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained B. have those of Britain, France, or Germany, and the unemployment rate remaining C. have Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained D. the economy of Britain, France, and Germany, with the unemployment rate that has remained E. the economies of Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained 语 语 语 语 语 the Dutch economy has grown faster than the economies … ,and the unemployment rate has remained………

语语语 平行发称，比发发 等 1. 比发句要求比发发象发等，发发含发合理，且句子没有歧发。 2. 关于指代：前面是发数名发，后面如果要指代，只能用 that，如果需要表发复数意思，那么只能重复发 一名发的复数形式，如economy-economies,不能随意改成those, ets发之发指代发发。 (1)语 语 语 语 --- that/语 语 语 语 语 语 语 (2)语 语 语 语 --- those

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

语语语语 : (A) 比发发 象不发等，将发发 和国家发 行比发； with的发发主发是 Dutch economy，发发 ；发在完成发的发 补 补 补 having remained不可以做限定性修发，发发。 (B) those没有所指代的发；and后不是一个整句，没有发发发发。 (C) 比发发象不发等，将发发和国家发行比发。 (D) with的发发 主发Dutch 是 economy，发发。 (E) Correct补

语语语语语 Aeoluseros语D的看法： 补补D最大的发发发发在于后面 with引发的伴随状发的发发主发 Dutch economy发发，其次： 个人 发发 the 用 economy of Britain, France, and Germany 语the economies of Britain, France and Germany都是可以的。 语GMAT中曾发有一发提到发发似用法，用的是 : 发数 A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer's Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by a Black American—the others being Richard Wright's Native Son and Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man. 发明发数和复数的搭配并没有发发。 而 本 发 后 半 句 the unemployment rate has remained well below that of the other three countries中后面没有用unemployment rates，按照发发比发发发中发复数不一致、发发不一致都是要 重新发出的，但是发里用了that，发明后面用的是发数。并且GMAT不会那么荒发地发发那三个国家公用 一个 unemployment rate，所以发明发使用that即已可以表发出三个国家各自的增发率。 而且在日常英发 ( 补 GMAT 发 境 )补the economy of Britain, France and Germany语the economies of Britain, France and Germany 都是可以的， 发 似的有 birds have four-chambered hearts 语birds have a four-chambered heart都发，因发语语语语语语语语语补

192. (GWD-7-Q20) The first trenches that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with but independently of the more celebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq. A. that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with but B. that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously with but also C. having been cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously but D. cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence of centrally

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arising simultaneously but also E. cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arose simultaneously with but 语语语语语The first trenches …, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that ….. societies (…) arose simultaneously with but independently of the more celebrated city-states …….. simultaneously with语independently of语but前后，发成并列。 语S语TH地方发出来的 500英发的发极好地发明了，中央集发的复发社会在中发的北部地区与更发著 名的城邦南美索不发米发（发在的南伊朗）同发但是独立地出发了。

语语语 发发表发，平行发称，发发有效 1. 在表示发发、理发、发象等等的内容发，用that引发发发的同位发从句是比发好的发发。从句可以很清楚 地发明发象、理发的内容，避免大量的介系发、代发，使句子发发清晰。 2. evidence后面要跟同位发从句来发明 evidence的具体内容，而evidence for后面是要跟某个theory 补 idea语语语evidence支持 theory补 发 idea的。如"evidence FOR evolution"是指支持发化发的发据。 3. 发去发行发与一般发去发的发比： 发去发行发与一般发 去发 ，发 者都表示发去发生的发作 ,但发去发行发表示在发去某一特定的发发 点 或发发段正在发行的发作,而一般发去发表示在发去发发完成的发作语 例如 : I was typing a letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信 语(可能没打完) I typed some letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信语(已发打完) 4. 发在完成发发与一般发在发： yield 用 发 在完成 发 与一 般 发 在 发 都 发 得通，但是 含 发 不一 发 ，用 have yield 发 明了 the first trenches是 发 去 发发 的，至今仍能提供 发 据，而 yield的 发发 是 发 明是 发 在 发发 的，所以用 have yield语语语 5. 固定搭配： simultaneous(ly) with independent(ly) of

语语语语语 (A) that were cut不如直接done做后置定发发发；evidence后面要跟同位发从句来发明evidence的具 语 语 语 语 语 evidence for后面是要跟某个theory补 idea语语语evidence支持发theory补 idea的； were arising发发发，好像在表发rise在那段发发之后发没有发束，发发用一般发去发更合理；第二个 that补 补补补northern regions的歧发。 (B) that were cut 不如直接done做后置定 发发发 ； yields 发 ，主 发 一致 trenches发发yield补 were arising发发不发，发发是发去发；yield用发在完成发才合理；but (also)没有发发。 (C) having been不能做限定性修 发 ， 发发 ； were arising 发发发 ； simutaneously后面要跟上with补 能加名发，并且才与indenpendently of补 补 补 (D) 主发一致yields发； simutaneously后面缺少with补 yield用发在完成发才合理。 (E) Correct补

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193. (T-3-Q2) As the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing the bee to sustain a fatal injury. A. As the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing B. As the heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes C. The honeybee’s stinger, heavily barbed and staying where it is inserted, results in the fact that the act of stinging causes D. The heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, and results in the act of stinging causing E. The honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed and stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes 语语语语语The honeybee’s stinger is…barbed and stays…, with the result that…

语语语 发发表发，指代一致 1. this ,that ,those 在表示指代发，通常需要发充名发，且不可指代前面整个句子的意思； 2. 句子 发发 重心要合理。 C语E的不同之 发 在于 C的主干是 Stinger...results in the fact that ... E 的主干是 Stinger is heavily barbed and stays where it is 发整一个特征事发with the result that ... 关发 在于是“语语”发致了后面的发果，发是 “语语”的发些特点（heavily barbed, stay where it is）发致了后 文的发果。很发然， E更合理。 3. with the result that Sara wasn't at school last week, with the result that she missed an important test. 前面半句发的整个事发发致了后面缺考的发果。 4. result in: to make something happen ... an accident that resulted in the death of two passengers

语语语语语 (A) this不能指代前面 发 个句子的意思； result in +n.后面 发发 复 发 ，且无法表 发 出 result的整体内容语 awkward，不如直接result + that从句；分发引发的状发staying where it is inserted在句子中发语 发致 dangling modification，既可以向前修发as引发的从句也可以向后修发this引发的主句； (B) 句子 发发 不完整，没有主句； as引 发 的原因状 发 从句中因 发 heavily barbed语stays where it is inserted 的原因，发发and可以表发暗含的因果，所以发个特征发发并列并以and发接最发合理。 (C) 原发的意思是蜜蜂的刺倒勾并留在扎入的地方，发件事发致了后面的发果，发里的意思是蜜蜂刺本身 发 致了后面的事， 发发 不合理； staying where it is inserted做非限定性修 发 ，暗示了 stinger补 补 无刻都是 staying语insert的，很荒发；results in the fact that the act of语wordy补 (D) The heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee results in 发发 意 发发发 ， 同 C 语result 语语语语语 语 语 语 语 示发果(补 补 补 with the result that或发在分发引发的resulting that做伴随状发 )补 (E) Correct；重心明确，且with the result that语语语语“发果是，因此，从而”，如果是resulting that也可 补补

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语语语语语

1.背景知发： 发什么蜜蜂螫人后就会死掉：蜜蜂的螫发上有一些很尖的倒发。蜜蜂螫人发，发倒发的螫发，牢牢地扎在人的肌肉 掉了身上的螫发以后，蜜蜂很快就会死去。

194. (GWD-11-32) Since 1975 so many people have been moving to Utah such that Mormons who were once 75 percent of the population are now only accounting for half of it. A. so many people have been moving to Utah such that Mormons who were once 75 percent of the population are now only accounting for half of it B. many people have been moving to Utah, so Mormons once 75 percent of the population are now accounting for only half C. that many people have been moving to Utah, such that the Mormons that were once 75 percent of the population are now accounting for only half of it D. many people have been moving to Utah such that the Mormons, who once represented 75 percent of the population, now only account for half E. so many people have been moving to Utah that the Mormons, who once represented 75 percent of the population, now account for only half 语 语 语 语 语 so many people have been moving … that the Mormons, who…, now account for Who非限定性定发从句作发插入发，发发发发个逗号发的部分可以发发拿掉

语语语 固定搭配，平行发称 1. 关于so…that…语such…that… (1) such…that表发的是发发含发，与so…that的含发不同(prep 1-131)补 (2) so…that后面不加情发发发表示发果，后面加情发发发表目的。 (3) so…that不能修发介发短发与名发，只能修发发作。 (4) so…that 用来 发 明做某事的目的，所以其前面 发发 是 “ 做某事 ” ，而不能是介 发 短 发 。 (GWD-30170) (5) such + adj. + that发发such必 ， 发修发名发，可以是such+adj.+noun.+that。发such表示of 里 a kind补 2. such that发用发的用法： (1) A rule of correspondence between two sets such that there is a unique element in the second set assigned to each element in the first set. (such 语语语语 a rule of … sets ) 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 (2) Her interest with him is such that she governs him absolutely. (such 语语 her interest) 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 (3) The format of the meeting was such that everyone could ask a question. (such 语语 the format of the meeting) 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 (4) choose x and y such that x + y = 10 (such 语语语语 x and y)

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语语语语语 (A) so语such that混用，so…such that 发发Mormons ； who were once 75 percent of the population 中 发发发发 使 用 发发 ， Mormons 不 是 一 个 人 数 ， 所 以 发发发发 不 能 用 were ， 而 发发 用 represented补 account 用一般 发 在 发 表示某种事 发 ，用 发 行 发 没有必要，反而累 发 ； it语语语语语 population，而是整个名发短发75 percent of the population，发发。 (B) 同位 发 前面需要逗号隔开： Mormons once 75 percent of the population are 语语语语Mormons, once 75 percent of the population, are ， 但 是 同 发 用 人 口 数 量 (once 75 percent of the population)来同位修人 (发 Mormons)，概念上不能合理修发； are now only accounting 发在发行发 没有 补 补 补 only account for half发发意思发发，only做副发发要发跟修发的发，并向后修发，所以发发放 语half前面；用 so…来表示因果关系不合理，发发用用so…that…来发发发果； (C) that引发的名发性从句做主发，是的发发 含发不合理，而主发不一致： that…are now accounting for only half of it ，也即 that 出 发 在 句 首 ungrammatical 补 such that 语 语 such 指 代 发 象 是 many people语语Utah不清；Mormons that were once 75 percent of the population ，摩 发 教徒 =语 口数，发发 含 发发发 ；关系代发that不能指代人，要用who，同 发不 发发 使用限定性修 发，且 that were wordy补 are now only accounting 发在发行发没有必要； it语语语语语population，而是整个名 发短发75 percent of the population，发发。 (D) such that 使用 发发 同 C补 only 位置发发 B补 同 run-on sentence ，句子有 发 个 发发发发 ： have been 语 account. (E) Correct补 once represented语now account发发，75 percent of the population语only half发发补

195. (GWD-24-Q19) In archaeology, there must be a balance between explanation of the value and workings of archaeology, revealing the mysteries of past and present cultures, and to promote respect for archaeological sites. A. between explanation of the value and workings of archaeology, revealing the mysteries of past and present cultures, and to promote B. among explaining the value and workings of archaeology, revealing the mysteries of past and present cultures, and promoting C. between explaining the value and workings of archaeology, the revealing of the mysteries of past and present cultures, and when promoting D. among explaining the value and workings of archaeology, the revelation of the mysteries of past and present cultures, and to promote E. between explaining archaeology's value and workings, in the revealing of the mysteries of past and present cultures, and in promoting 语 语 语 语 语 there must be a balance among explainin….., revealing ….., and promoting…. 在考古学中，必发在解发考古的价发与发作方式，揭示发去和发在文化的奥秘，以及促发尊重考 古址 发 中发求一种平行。 there be是倒装句型，真正的主发是随后的名发发发a balance语 语 explaining语revealing 语 promoting三个是发名发短发作发发发成among引发的介发短发。

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语语语 平行发称， 1. between …and 发者之发并列；among…and三者及以上；

语语语语语 A. Between…and使用发发，三者以上并列用 among补 explanation语revealing语to promote语 语 语 语 不平行。 B. Correct补 C. Between…and使用发发 ，三者以上并列用among补 explaining语the revealing语when promoting 不平行。 D. Among后面的三个成分形式不平行。 E. Between…and使用发发，三者以上并列用among补 Among后面的三个成分形式不平行。

196. (GWD-1-Q41) Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process. A. as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established B. as a method of the extraction of minerals well established C. was a well-established method of mineral extraction D. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was E. had been a method of mineral extraction, well established

语语语语语Leaching, the recovery …语was a well-established method..., but…miners did not realize that ….. Leaching语语语was语语语a well-established method of mineral extraction语语语but引发发 折分句，miners语语语did not realize语语语that bacteria take an active part in the process 发发从句。 发发，即从drainage water of mines中发原发的方法，早在18世发就是一种发物开采所行之 有效的方法，但直到发25年前，发工发发没有发发到发菌在发一发程中所发发的发极作用。

语语语 句子发发，发发有效，发发表发 1. 一个句子只能有一套主发发发，即一个主发，一个发发，一个发发（发发从句）。 2. 完整的句子必发包含主发及发发发发。 3. 发去完成发需要发发上的发比，以表示发去的发去。 4. as early as不是比发，而是发定发发范发的固定用法。

语语语语语 (A) but前的分句有leaching补 it发个主发，发发 (B) but前的分句没有发发 (C) Correct补 as early as the eighteenth century副发性短发修发but前的分句

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(D) that语语语语method补 mineral(根据发发含发发发指代发象)，但修发method语mineral句子发发 意思都不发 (E) well established做非限定性修发method 发发 含 发发发 ， 发发 用限定性修 发 来 发 明句子所提的 method是早在18世发就建立的那个，即去掉逗号；发去完成发使用发发

197. (GWD-1-Q16) Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than it was in any previous election. A. a greater proportion than it was B. a greater proportion than C. a greater proportion than they have been D. which is greater than was so E. which is greater than it has been 语 语 语 语 语 Soaring television costs accounted for … half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than in any previous election. Soaring television costs语语语accounted for语语语a greater proportion 发 同位 发 ，修 发 前 面整个名发短发。

语语语 指代一致（Agreement补 1. which就近指代名发，不能指代完整的一句发； 2. it在文中，会发承被指代发象的特性，发即本文中，it 语语语语 a great proportion语 语 the spending ，都发承了a great proportion语 语 the spending 语语语presidential campaign of 1992的特性， 造成比发的发发关系发发，要引以注意。 3. 比发发象的内容，发发关系，发发含发均要发等。

语语语语语 (A) it语语语语a greater proportion整个短发，发发，发发用 that语语语proportion，但是因发只是名发短发 语语语语that可以省略而不发任何歧发。 (B) Correct；原句发完整：Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than 语 the proportion 补 语television costs had accounted for of the spending补 in any previous election； 发 个句子 中只是发个名发(proportion)的比发，所以不需要考发than后面发出主发，只发出介发短发就发了， 不用担心后面的介发短发in any previou election没有平行发象 (C) 发在完成发使用发发， in any previous election 发明发用发去完成发； they语语soaring television costs，使发发意发发发，比发发发 需要比发发象发等，前者发a great proportion 是一个量发不能 和具体的发用发比，而且其他的 election语 语 语 语 soaring的；同发have been与前面的accounted for不平行，只要也要用have done补 (D) Which不能指代前面整个idea补 so用于省略重复的发作，使用发发。 (E) Which不能指代前面整个idea补 it指代不清，且has been 发发与后面的 in any previous election语 补补 www.chasedream.com

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语语语语语语语 OG10- 198. Although Napoleon's army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days. (A) they had in their previous campaigns (B) their previous campaigns had had (C) they had for any previous campaign (D) in their previous campaigns (E) for any previous campaign If than is followed by a clause referring to army, the subject of that clause must be singular (it). Furthermore, the verb of that clause will need to be in the past perfect form (had had) because it refers to a time before the simple past of entered. Finally, the preposition for is more precise than in because supplies are gathered for an upcoming campaign. Choices A and C incorrectly use the plural they and the simple past had. Moreover, A uses the less precise in. Choices D and E wisely dispense with the full clause and use a simple prepositional phrase. D, however, uses the imprecise in and the plural their. Only E, the best choice, avoids all the errors mentioned above.

198. (GWD-18-Q31) Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950. A. Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture B. Between 1990 and 2000 the growth of the global economy was more than that during 10,000 years, from when agriculture began C. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds that which had been for 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture D. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds what it has been for 10,000 years, from when agriculture began E. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeded what it did for the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture 语语语语语the global economy grew more than it did ….from ..to…. 1990年至2000年全球发发增发量的超发了它在从发发开始到1950语10000年的增发量。

语语语 比发发等，发发有效 1补 比发发象的内容，发发关系，发发含发均要发等。注意代发指代。

语语语语语 A. Correct补 it语语语语the global economy，并不特指1990补2000语 语 语 语 global economy B. the growth of sth. was不如sth. grew 发发； from when agriculture began to 1950的不如from www.chasedream.com

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the beginning of agriculture to 1950 好 （ 发 有 一 待 发发发 法 ： from when 发发， when 前面接介发 awkward 补 补 that 指代 发发 ，无法 指代 the growth of the global economy 整 个短 发 ，只能 指代 growth补 from when做非限定性修发发发；发发用during the 1000 years来特指那1000语 C. that which had been补 补 awkward， 发发发发 （一般 发 去 发 即可），且 that指代 发发 ，无法指代 the growth of the global economy 整个短 发 ，只能指代 growth补 for 1000 years 发发 ， 发发 在 1000 years 前 加 上 定 冠 发 以 特 指 那 1000 年；exceeds 发 发 发 发 ， 发 发 用 一 般 发 去 发 （ 比 如 Shakespears was an English poet.也用一般发去发） D. exceeds发发发发，发发用一般发去发；it语语the growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000发发；发在完成发使用发发，发改发发 去发发(一般发去发或发去完成发)补 for 1000 years 发发，发发在1000 years前加上定冠发以特指那1000年； from when做非限定性修发发发发发 E. it语语the growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 发发what ； it did含发发发 ， growth 不会做任何事情；did没有所指代的发发

语语语语语 As 补 than语 语 语 语语语语中的省略原发（摘自白勇发法）： 1.比发从句发发发与主句位于相同，可用do,did,does代替。 2.比发从句发系发发be与主句发系发发be相同，可以省略be,也可以不省略。 3.主发发发发发短发使用 ”助发发 have,has,had,will语 （如 语 语 语 语 语 语 can,could, may,should补 +verb” 形式发，比发从句往往省略verb,保留助发发或情发发发。 4.比发从句的主发和发发与主句的主发和发发相同发，可以全部省去，常常保留作状发的介发短发或 状发从句。 5.比发从句的主发与主句主发相同，可以省略。

语语语语语语语 Since 1990 the global economy has grown more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950. A) Since 1990 the global economy has grown more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture B) Since 1990 the growth of the global economy has been more than that during 10,000 years, from when agriculture began C) The growth of the global economy since 1990 exceeds that which had been for 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture D) The growth of the global economy since 1990 exceeds what it has been for 10,000 years, from when agriculture began E) The growth of the global economy since 1990 exceeds what it did for the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture. Key: A

199. (GWD-1-Q19) Recently physicians have determined that stomach ulcers are not caused by stress, alcohol, or rich foods, but a bacterium that dwells in the mucous lining of the stomach. A. not caused by stress, alcohol, or rich foods, but www.chasedream.com

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B. C. D. E.

not caused caused not caused not caused not

by by by by

stress, stress, stress, stress,

alcohol, alcohol, alcohol, alcohol,

or rich foods, but are by or rich foods, but by and rich foods, but and rich foods, but are by

语语语语语Recently physicians have determined that …. are caused not by …,but by… Recently physicians 语语语have determined 语语语that 引发发发 从句， 第二 that 个 dwells in the mucous lining of the stomach 是做定发修发前面的bacterium。最近医生已发确定，胃发 发不是由发力，酒精，或者发多的食物引起的，而是由寄居在胃黏膜上的发菌造成的。

语语语 平行发称（发发发） 1补 not by….but by…,注意否定句中不用and补 or

语语语语语 A. not caused by stress语but a bacterium不平行。 B. not caused by stress语but are by a bacterium不平行。 C. Correct补 D. 否定句中要用or来表示“和”；not by stress语but a bacterium不平行。 E. 否定句中要用or来表示“和”；not by stress语but are by a bacterium that不平行

200. (GWD-6-Q8) Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are almost certain to leave interest rates unchanged for the foreseeable future. A. Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are B. Reserve, now viewing the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation and are C. Reserve who, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are D. Reserve, who now view the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation, will be E. Reserve, which now views the economy to be balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, is 语语语语语Many financial experts believe that policy makers..., now viewing..., are

语语语 语语语语( logical predication); 主发一致(agreement); 语 语 语 语 语 Grammatical Construction补 1. 固定搭配：view sth. as sth. 语view sth. to be sth.发发。

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语语语语语 A. Correct 补 viewing 做伴随； balanced 后 面 省 略 的 economy 语 view the economy as balanced economy补 B. view sth as sth补 between that of语语that无所指；and are没有并列发象；policy makers缺发发 。 C. policy makers缺发发发发；who做限定性修发使得发发上不合理。 D. view sth as sth补 between that of语语that无所指；will be发发发发，be certain是发生在发在的发 补补 E. view sth as sth.补 which补补补补Reserve; is 语语语语 are, 语语policy makers 是主发

201. (T-3-Q18) Spanish poet Juan Ramón Jiménez, who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1956, so embarrassed in his later years by what he considered the excessive sentiment in the poems in his first two collections, he destroyed every copy he could find. A. so embarrassed in his later years by what he considered the excessive sentiment in the poems in his first two collections, he destroyed B. and was so embarrassed in his later years by what he considered as the excessive sentiment in the poems in his first two collections that he destroyed C. in his later years he was so embarrassed by what he considered as the excessive sentiment in the poems in his first two collections, destroying D. was so embarrassed in his later years by what he considered the excessive sentiment in the poems in his first two collections that he destroyed E. because he was so embarrassed in his later years by what he considered as the excessive sentiment in the poems in his first two collections, destroying 语语语语语Spanish poet Juan Ramón Jiménez,...,was so...that he destroyed...

语语语 句子发发 （ Grammatical Construction补 1. so…that…语语语语

语语语语语 A. he destroyed前面的成分被发挂；so...that 发发，缺少 that补 B. and was无并列发象；consider sb/sth sth，中发不能加as语to be补 C. in his later years前面的成份被 发 挂； consider sb/sth sth，中 发 不能加 as语to be补 so...that语语语 补 补 补 destroying伴随发象不明确。 D. Correct补 E. 缺少发发发发；consider sb/sth sth，中发不能加as语to be补 destroying伴随发象不明确。

语语语语语 语语语语语语语语语语语语语 - serendipityh 1) so/such...that...表示发果，可以用在发一主发发发中，也可以用在复发主发发发中，不用考发发发主

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发。 such 后一般不加抽象名发. 特发发明：so/such...as to...表示发果，用于发一主发发发中，发发主发等于句子主发，即句子主发可 以发行 as to 后发发的发作。such后一般不加抽象名发. 2) so that语 语 语 语 : 从句中出发情发发发, so that表示目的；从句中没有出发情发发发， so that表示发 补 补 such that状发从句；表示发果。so / such that 从句不用考发发发 主 .发 So that 不能修发名发短发 Such...that such 后加被修发的名次 特发发明：so as to 可以表示目的也可以表示发果，用于发一主发发发中，发发主发等于句子主发，即句 子主发可以发行as to后发发的发作。so as to修发发发 。 so...as的搭配只用在否定句中, So…as to 后一般不 加被发发发

202. (GWD-3-Q27) Competition in the mid-nineteenth century by large western farms gradually caused farmers in Pennsylvania to turn to livestock raising, but before that it was predominantly grain-producing. A. Competition in the mid-nineteenth century by large western farms gradually caused farmers in Pennsylvania to turn to livestock raising, but before that it was predominantly grain-producing. B. Once predominantly a grain-producing state, competition in the mid-nineteenth century from large western farms gradually was causing Pennsylvania’s farmers to turn to livestock raising. C. Pennsylvania’s farmers were gradually caused to turn to livestock raising by competition from large western farms in the mid-nineteenth century, but before that it was predominantly a grain-producing state. D. It was once predominantly grain-producing, but competition in the mid-nineteenth century by large western farms was gradually causing Pennsylvania’s farmers to turn to livestock raising. E. Pennsylvania was once a predominantly grain-producing state, but competition in the mid-nineteenth century from large western farms gradually caused the state’s farmers to turn to livestock raising. 语语语语语Pennsylvania was once a state, but competition from sb...caused sb. to turn to...

语语语 语语语语( logical predication) 1. 发发搭配： competition from sb./sth. 语competition by sb./sth.发发。 2. cause sb. to do sth. 3. livestock raising: 发牧发，畜禽养殖发

语语语语语 A. competition from sb/sth补 that不能指代整个句子；it语语competition补 补 补 B. grain-producing state无法同位修发competition，概念不同；cause用发去发行发发发，好像在发 www.chasedream.com

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19世发中叶那段发发cause发没有发束。 C. that不能指代整个句子；it指代有发；前分句被发发发不好，累发；in the mid-nineteenth century 补补补large western farms发发，发发发跟competition补 D. it语语competiton不合理； competition from sb/sth补 cause用发去发行发发发。 E. Correct补

203. (GWD-9-Q26) Growing evidence that coastal erosion occurs continuously, not in just such calamitous bursts like hurricanes, has led scientists and planners to urge a stringent new approach to limiting development along the nation's shoreline. A. coastal erosion occurs continuously, not in just such calamitous bursts like hurricanes, has B. coastal erosion occurs continuously, not just in calamitous bursts such as hurricanes, has C. coastal erosion is continuously occurring, not in just calamitous bursts like hurricanes, having D. there is continuous coastal erosion, not just in calamitous bursts such as hurricanes, which has E. there is continuous coastal erosion occurring, not in just such calamitous bursts like hurricanes, has 语语语语语growing evidence that....,..., has...

语语语 发发用发 1. such as固定搭配； such… like搭配发发 2. there be补 补

语语语语语 A. such...as，表示发例不能用like B. Correct补 C. such...as ， 表 示 发 例 不 能 用 like ； 缺 少 发发发发 ； is continuously occurring ， 发 在 发 行 发 与 continuously重复。 D. 全句缺少发发发发；由于后面的has，本句里面which是跳发插入发修发erosion的。 E. such...as，表示发例不能用like补 occurring语there is语语语is occuring语continuous重复。

语语语语语 关于there be补 1. there be用于发述事物客发存在。 2. there be句型不与发在发行发搭配，发个句型本身就暗含了正在发行的含发 3. 在正式文体特发是文学中，There be句式中的be也可以用其它意发的发发或发发取代。它发通常是： exist, live, stand等表示存在或位置的 发发 ； come, go, run, walk等表示 发发 或方向的 发发 以及 www.chasedream.com

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4.

certain to be, sure to be, appear to be, happen to be等发发。发种there语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 人称、数的形式与主发发保持一致。例如： 语GMAT语语there be句型极少，因发发种表示存在状发的句型往往不能准确地表发出发作的施受发象 语 或者不发发发。从发发和有效上发，there be+ 形容发发化的名发＝形容发，there be+发发发化的 名发＝发发，there be发 发发 不 发。

204. (GWD-8-Q23) A New York City ordinance of 1897 regulated the use of bicycles, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required of cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it granted pedestrians right-of-way. A. regulated the use of bicycles, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required of cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it granted B. regulated the use of bicycles, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, granting C. regulating the use of bicycles mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists that they keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it granted D. regulating the use of bicycles, mandating a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, requiring of cyclists that they keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and granted E. regulating the use of bicycles mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and granted 语语语语语A NYC ordiance regulating sth. mandated…, required…, and granted…

语语语 语语语语(parallelism); 1. right-of-way: 发先通行发

语语语语语 A. regulate语mandate, require并列发发 意思不合理and语 ； 语 语 it granted没有平行 发象， it发发省略； Require sb. to do sth B. regulate语mandate语require并列 发发 意思不合理；三个 发发 并列，最后一个 发发 前 发发 加 and补 granting 做伴随发发 意思不合理 C. mandate语require语grant并列， it发发省略； sth require of sb that...do... 补 Require +that 语语(使用发发 原形表示虚发发气) D. regulating语mandating语requiring并列 发发 意思不合理，就算并列， requiring补 补 补 补 and补 补 补 regulating 语mandating语requiring语grant并列， grant语语语granting；如果四个发发并列，发句子就缺 语语语 语 语 E. Correct补 www.chasedream.com

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语语语语语 1. Require 语语语语语语(语语语语语语语语语语语语语语) (1) Require sb./sth. to do sth. (语语语语语语语语语) (2) Require (of sb.) that + 语 v 语语 475.

 Require sb. doing…语语

语语语语语语语 (要求,语语[(+of)][O2][+that])

Legislation in the Canadian province of Ontario requires of both public and private employers that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are usually held by men.

(3) N. is required (of sb./sth.) to do sth.

某物发某人做某事来发是必发的

语 N. required of sb./sth. to do. 语语语 required 是发去分发） 语语 166.

Because of the enormous research and development expenditures required of firms to survive in the electronics industry, an industry marked by rapid innovation and volatile demand, such firms tend to be very large.

Windmaple 的 例 句 ： This leaves open an "in-between" position: The efforts required of someone to prevent the consequences of his non-negligent act could be greater than what would be required of any bystander, but not as great as would be required to avoid an act than is known to cause the harmful consequences. (4) require doing (require 语语语语语语语)：如 A require making known to B. A 语语语 B 语语 *: GMAT 中出发发的发发表发： Require of sb. to do 语require of sb.语语语语 that语语语 require sb.语 sth. is required of sb.后面才是加 to do 的） Require sb. that

语require 语语 that 搭配，发跟 sb.语语语语 of补

Require sb. doing…语语

2. 定发从句作定发与分发短发作定发的区发 (1)定发从句发发具体的发发，具体的行发，以及发作的一次性；分发短发发发发发的、不确定的发发语 抽象的、客发的、重复性的、多次性的行发。 (2)分发短发比定发从句更发发; 补 补 补 补 补 , 分发短发比定发从句发先使用 ; 补 补 补 补 , 定发从句要尽可 能发化发分发短发。 (3)有情发发发的定发从句不能发发发分发短发。 (4)如果定发从句发发发分发短发后发生歧发，发不能发发。

205. (GWD-9-Q17) Unlike most other mergers in the utility industry, which have been driven by the need to save money and extend companies’ service areas, the merger of the nation’s leading gas and electric company is intended to create a huge marketing network for the utilities in question with states opening their utility markets to competition. A. and electric company is intended to create a huge marketing network for the utilities in question with states opening B. and electric companies are intended to create a huge network for marketing the utilities in question as states open C. and electric companies are intended to create a huge network that will be marketing the utilities in question, with states opening

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D. company and electric company are intending to create a huge marketing network for the utilities in question, with states opening E. company and leading electric company is intended to create a huge network for marketing the utilities in question as states open 语语语语语Unlike most other mergers..., which... , the merger.....is...

语语语 指代一致（Agreement补 ; 语语语语语Logical Predication补 1. Unlike sb./sth成分和主发之发可以相隔一个插入发。

语语语语语 A. leading gas and electric company 发发 , 因 发 一个公司不可能 merger， 发 发发 成 是 gas company and electric company分开写； with短发前面没有逗号发做状发表发的是“与开放公用事发市发的州一同来 create a network”，发发发发，注意在此with短发不会做定发，因发前面的the utilities in question不可能被 with states补 补 补 opening语states的限定性修发，表示只有几个州open utility markes，发发发发 ； marketing network语语unidiomatic补 B. are语语语语 is，因发主发是merger补 C. are 语语语语is，因 发 主 发 是 merger 补 with states opening 伴随修发 be marketing 发发； that will be marketing繁发而且文中没有将来发行发发的意思。 D. are语语语语is，因 发 主 发 是 merger补 be intended to do sth要用被 发发发 ， merger不能 发 出 发 作； marketing network语语语unidiomatic补 E. Correct补 as states open伴随着各州开放公共事发市发的发争。

206. (GWD-13-30) For the first time in the modern era, non-Hispanic Whites are officially a minority in California, which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago. A. which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago B. which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when it was nearly three-quarters C. and that amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when they were nearly three-quarters D. amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly threequarters a decade ago E. amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from what it was a decade ago by nearly three-quarters 语语语语语.., non-Hispanic Whites are...., amounting to..., down from...

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

语语语 句子发发

语语语语语 A. which无所指，前面没有成分可以与amounts to语 语 语 the numbers of non-Hispanic Whites in California补 补 补 补 补 only补补a decade ago发发。 B. which无所指；down from a decade ago发发意思不合理it无所指。 ； C. and that amounts补that无所指；they无指代发象。 D. Correct补 amounting做状发修发前面整个主系表发发；发于only的省略发“发充发明” E. down from what it was a decade ago比发发 象不合理, 发发是人口数与人口数比,而不是人口与发 发； it无所指；what it was语wordy and awkward补 down from…by改发原句含发。

语语语语语 1. 代发指代： 代发不一定是就近指代（但发发一定不好），通常代发指代发象的发找发序发： (1) 主从句中：先指代主发的核心发，再指代发发或表发的核心发，最后指代修发发中的名发。 (2) 并列句中：有2补 补 3个句子并列，第2补 补 补 3个句子中的代发发发发先指代第1句中主句的名发。 2. only 发发副发，至于其是否省略，要根据其作用而定。 down from ... 本来就是一分句，不是主要成分，所以only在其中的作用也有限，发是发发发发 状发 而已。 所以，是否发发from a decade ago没有发著区发。

207. (GWD-24-34) Studying the fruit fly, a household nuisance but a time-honored experimental subject, has enabled the secrets of how embryos develop to begin to be unraveled by scientists. A. Studying the fruit fly, a household nuisance but a time-honored experimental subject, has enabled the secrets of how embryos develop to begin to be unraveled by scientists. B. By the study of the fruit fly, a household nuisance and also a time-honored experimental subject, it was possible for the secrets of how embryos develop to begin to be unraveled by scientists. C. By studying a household nuisance but a time-honored experimental subject, the fruit fly enabled scientists to begin to unravel the secrets of how embryos develop. D. By studying the fruit fly, a household nuisance and also a time-honored experimental subject, the secrets of how embryos develop are beginning to be unraveled by scientists. E. The study of the fruit fly, a household nuisance but a time-honored experimental subject, has enabled scientists to begin to unravel the secrets of how embryos develop. 语语语语语The study of the fruit fly,...., has...

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语语语 发发，发发含发 1. enable固定搭配：enable sb. to do sth. 发发搭配：enable sth. to be done by sb.

语语语语语 A. studying的使用awkward，咋 发发 人感 发a household nuisance是发发主发，也有可studying语has 能 enabled发成句子，所以发发用名发study更发清晰； enable sth. to be done发发。 B. 文中并不清楚究竟是发做了study；被发发发awkward补 and also改发句意 C. the fruit fly语by studying的主发发发 意思不合理；不fruit 是 fly使得科学家，而是发fruit fly的研究使得科学家 如何如何；一般发去发表示了发在已发不enable了，发发。 D. the secrets 语 by studying 的 发发 主 发发发 ， 且 studying 与 主 发 之 发 距 离 太 发 ， 咋 发 有 修 发 a household nuisance的歧发，句式不好； and also改发句意；发在发行发发 少了原句中发有的含发语 原句用了has enabled发在完成发表示了早先就enable补 补 E. Correct

语语语语语 后面不接被发发发的发发或发发短发： lead; cause; enable; become; receive; visit; Lack; enter; cost; possess; resemble; last; like; enjoy; notice; watch; look at; listen to; pay attention to; suit; fit; contain; so as to do; be able to do; be likely to do

208. (GWD-24-17) (OG12-63) The yield of natural gas from Norway's Troll gas field is expected to increase annually until the year 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day, which will allow such an extraction rate at least for 50 years' production. A. 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day, which will allow such an extraction rate at least for B. 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day, an extraction rate that will allow at least C. 2005 and then stabilizing at six billion cubic feet a day, with such an extraction rate at the least allowing D. 2005, then stabilizing at six billion cubic feet a day, allowing such an extraction rate for at least E. 2005, then stabilizing at six billion cubic feet a day, which will allow such an extraction rate for at least 语语语语语The yield of natural gas...is expected to... and then to..., an extraction rate that...

语语语 发发意思，句子发发，发发形式

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语语语语语 A. which 不能修 发 整个句子，在 发 里 which 指代 了 the extraction rate ， 发发发发 ； at least 补补 50 years’ production才合理。 B. Correct补 to increase and to stabilize并列发发 合理。 C. then stabilizing语to increase不平行； with引 发 的伴随状 发发发 ； at the least 发发发发 ， 发发 是 at least补 at least补补allowing不合理。 D. then stabilizing语to increase的伴随状 发发发发发 ； allowing引 发 的短 发 修 发发 象不明，可以做 stablizing的伴随状发 (此 发 嵌套的修 发awkward)，也可以做主句的伴随状发(此发 allowing语 语 语 语 语 and)补 E. stabilizing做发果或伴随发发意思不合理；which补补补补the extraction rate发发意思不合理。

语语语语语 OG12-63的解发： Rhetorical construction; Verb form; Logical predication The sentence is about predications that Troll gas field’s yield would increase until it stabilized at a particular extraction rate in 2005. The term extraction rate refers to six billion cubic feet a day, so it is redundant and confusingly circular to rename six billion cubic feet with the relative pronoun which in the subject position and then reintroduce extraction rate as the object. A The relative phrase beginning with which is nonsensical, since the pronoun reference is inaccurate, and the phrase essentially says that the extraction rate enables the extraction rate. B Correct. The infinitive to stabilize parallels to increase; information about the six billion cubic feet a day is expressed clearly and concisely in an appositive phrase containing a relative clause (an extraction rate that will allow …). C The phrasing is awkward and unclear; stabilizing is an incorrect verb form; it should be an infi nitive to parallel to increase. D Stabilizing is an incorrect verb form; it should be an infinitive to parallel to increase; the subsequent phrase is awkward and confusing because it is not clear what noun allowing is supposed to modify. E Stabilizing violates the requirement of parallelism, and which introduces a nonsensical redundancy, effectively making the claim that the extraction rate (six billion cubic feet) enables the extraction rate. The correct answer is B.

209. (GWD-10-Q21) Despite the growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machines, many travelers will still use travel agents. A. growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to

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B.

C.

D.

E.

automatic teller machines, many travelers will growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machines, that many travelers would growing number of people purchasing plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers as compared to automatic teller machines, many travelers will fact that the number of people purchasing plane tickets online is growing, airline executives are convinced, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers as compared to automatic teller machines, that many travelers would fact that the number of people who purchase plane tickets online are growing, airline executives are convinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers compared with automatic teller machines, many travelers would

语 语 语 语 语 Despite the growing number...., airline executives are convinced that, just as..., many travellers...

语语语 句子发发 ，平行发发 1. just as…, as/so…发发中as/so语 语

语语语语语 A. Correct补 B. just as语many travelers will…并列，所以发发放在that后面；would表示不确定性或，发去发发， 发种可能性都不发，所以would用法发。 C. 发在分发短发作定发发发作的多次性、重复性和客发性，无明确发发概念，而发票通常只是一次性概念补 are convinced补 补 that补 prefer A as compared to B发发prefer ， A to B是正确发发。 D. Despite the fact that语语语语despite后面发发直接加发步的内容；文中发尽管数字增发而不是尽管某 语语语语-ing分发短发作定发发发作的多次性、重复性和客发性, 无明确发发概念，purchasing表示始发 在网上发机票的人，不合理，发发 是表示“网上发机票的人”； that语语语convinced后面；prefer A as compared to B是发发；would发发 B 同 E. Despite the fact that 不发发the ； number of people 语 语 语 语 are 语语语语is 补 prefer … compared with…发； would发发 B同

210. (GWD-12-Q31) Emily Dickinson’s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering her letters to anyone else. A. Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering B. Dickinson were written over a period that begins a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ended shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber www.chasedream.com

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C. Dickinson, written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and that ends shortly before Emily’s death in 1886 and outnumbering D. Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother, ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, and outnumbering E. Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber 语语语语语Emily Dickinson’s letters, which..., outnumber

语语语 句子发发 ; 语语语语

语语语语语 A. 本发发发 法上没有 发发 ，但是发发 上不正确： outnumbering做发果状发，而 outnumbering和前面 语were written并没有直接因果关系，were written语outnumber是发件完全独立、不相关的事情，所 以彼此之发不发发有修发关系 B. end语begin并列， begin发发不正确；outnumber没有主发 C. and that没有并列发象，发发不平行；句子缺发发发发 D. outnumbering没有并列发象；句子缺发发发发 E. Correct

211. (GWD-5-Q34) Many entomologists say that campaigns to eradicate the fire ant in the United States have failed because the chemicals that were used were effective only in wiping out the ant's natural enemies, which made it easier for them to spread. A. which made it easier for them B. which makes it easier for it C. thus making it easier for them D. thus making it easier for the ant E. thereby, it was made easier for the ant 语语语语语Many entomologists say that campaigns.....have failed...., thus making....

语语语 句子发发

语语语语语 A. which补补补补enemies，发发 意思不合理them无指代 ； 发象。 B. which补补补补enemies发发；第一个it所指代的发西在第二个it之后，发得很笨拙。 C. them无指代发象。 D. Correct补 making做发果状发 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

E. thereby是副发 ，而且只是插入成分，发 句发发 没有发发 ， run-on sentence补 it was made easier for the ant to spread补it指代后面的to spread，但是表发太拙劣，而且 make的发作发出者不明，割 补补thereby前后句子的关系。

语语语语语 1. 发在分发短发在句尾: 表伴随发作, 补 补 , 功 能, 与句子发发发作同发发生，发发主发等于句子主发，表伴 随发果，整个句子是原因，发致分发发作发生，无发发主发。可以在分发前加thus语thereby语in effect 等副发，也可以不加。 2. 发去分发短发在句尾，一般发先就近作定发修发名发，–ed分发短发在句首,其发发主发等于句子的主发补

212. (GWD-26-Q23) Trans World Entertainment Corporation, which owns the Record Town and Saturday Matinee retail chains, announced that since sales of up to one-fourth of its stores are poor, they will be closed. A. that since sales of up to one-fourth of its stores are poor, they will be closed B. it is closing up to one-fourth of its stores, which accounted for its poor sales C. it was closing up to one fourth of its stores because of poor sales D. to be closing, on account of poor sales, up to one-fourth of its stores E. having poor sales, such that up to one-fourth of its stores will be closed 语语语语语TWEC announced it was …… because of……

语语语 1. 发发要（根据句子意思）保持一致 2. 语语语语 3. 固定搭配：account for补to be the reason why something happens ·Recent pressure at work may account for his behavior. 4. announce固定搭配： (1) announce something to somebody 语 语 announce to somebody something ( 语 语 语 语 语 补补 ) (2) announce a decision/intention/plan (在 发 个 发 候如果 plan等后面接to do不会 发 生 to do做状发 补补announce的歧发)*:The government has announced plans to create 10,000 new jobs. (3) announce (that) (4) announce somebody/yourself 语语...的到发;语语...已准发好（注意发个短发有发发意思） 发发用法： (1)announce to do/be sth. 5. 句子以发发有效发美 6. such that 表发的是发发含发，与 so that表发目的（后面加情发发发发 ）的含发不同： so语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 such是名发，一般指代前面的名发。

语语语语语 A. 发发发发, TWEC announced that since sales……are poor, they will…, announced 语are, will www.chasedream.com

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发发不一致；此外，they在发法上可以指代sales，但是在发发上发发指代its stores，存在歧发，不 补补补 B．发发发发，同A语 语 语 语 语 语 which只有指代了前面整句发发才合理，但which语GMAT里面无法指代前 面整句。其次即便which能指代前面整句，which account for:发明（解发）…的原因，此发将句意发 发了 “关发是poor sales的原因”，所以不正确。 C语Correct语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 that不发出，依然能使正常发者清晰断句，且 announce后面常常不发 补补 D语announce to do是发的，正确用法是announce sth.语 语 announce+从句；（ on account of是否可用语 补 补 GMAT发外发明，从未在正确句子中出发发）。 E语announce having poor sales补补(having是一个发名发gerund)语unidiomatic补 will发发发发，同 A补 such that用法发发。

语语语语语 1. 原 句 ： related source:http://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/08/business/company-briefs029980.html TRANS WORLD ENTERTAINMENT CORP., Albany, which owns the Record Town and Saturday Matinee retail chains, announced that it was closing up to one-fourth of its stores because of poor sales. The company closed 180 stores last year. 2. because of语on account of补 because of语 语 "由于，因发"，发发因果关系，在句中发作状发。because of 既可表示好的原因语 也可表示坏的。大多数情况都是用于造成不太好发果的原因。 on account of语because of同发，但发气发发正式。on account of 非常客发的表示原因，适用 于任何情况，可作状发、表发，不作定发。

213. (GWD-30-Q2) Caribou are wary animals with excellent hearing, so stalking them over the treeless landscape, getting close enough to kill it with nothing but a handheld lance, as Dorset people did, required exceptional hunting skill. A. so stalking them over the treeless landscape, getting close enough to kill it B. so to stalk them over the treeless landscape and get close enough to kill one C. so in order to stalk them over the treeless landscape and get close enough to kill one D. and so in order to stalk it over the treeless landscape, getting close enough to kill it E. and so stalking them over the treeless landscape and getting close enough in order to kill it 语语语语语Caribou are……, so to stalk …… and get …… required…….

语语语 1. one语it的用法。it指代上文提到发的那个发西，而 one泛指那一发发西的某一个。根据上下 kill的并不是具体的 发境，要 某一 Caribou，而是任何一个，并且it只能指代在句子中出 个 发的发数名发。

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语语语语语 A. stalking语getting缺少发发 ； it发发，其无法指代caribou(caribou语语语)，发发用one表示泛指。 B. Correct补 so语语语语to stalk and get语语语语required是 发发 ；不定式作名 发 短 发 未必需要并列出 to补 补 不定式作主发发是用发在分发作主发差发不大，但仍有些发区发，在此作发假发的发作用不定式发得更 补 补 补 (依此点可以直接发出B)补 C. in order to do是目的状发，不能做发名次成分，使得后半句没有主发，而且 in order to do不如直接 to do来得发发，发发。 D. and后半句没有主句，只有so引发的发果状发，其发and多余，发发发去；且so语in order to发发重复补 in order to目的状发无法修发发发主发getting close enough，且发发发发；it发发 A补 同 E. and后半句没有主句；in order to kill不如to kill发发，且enough in order to语语unidiomatic补

214. (GWD-8-Q1) (GWD-13-13) Being that she was secretary of labor, Frances Perkins' considerable influence with Franklin D. Roosevelt was used preventing him from restraining strikes by longshoremen and automobile workers. A. Being that she was secretary of labor, Frances Perkins' considerable influence with Franklin D. Roosevelt was used preventing B. As secretary of labor, Frances Perkins' considerable influence with Franklin D. Roosevelt was used to prevent C. Being secretary of labor, Frances Perkins' considerable influence with Franklin D. Roosevelt was used preventing D. As secretary of labor, Frances Perkins used her considerable influence with Franklin D. Roosevelt to prevent E. Secretary of labor, Frances Perkins' considerable influence was used with Franklin D. Roosevelt preventing 语语语语语As…, Frances Perkins used……to do……

语语语 1. (1)Doing sth., SVO.发发中doing分发作伴随状发，其发发主发发主句主发，即是 doing的发作由S语 补 (2)Being sth., SVO.发发中being分发做形容发，直接修发主句主发。 (3)as+n, SVO.主句主发与as后的名发是发等概念，表发“语语”补 as是最佳，being语that补 补 补 补 2. considerable:相当多的； considerate：体发的，体发的 3. 语语语语 use to do语prevent sb. from doing. 4. 冠发与逗号的使用发发：参发prep sc1-228语 语 语 语 5. influence (with sb) ability to obtain favourable treatment from sb, usu by means of acquaintance, status, wealth, etc. 语语; 语语; 语语: use one's influence (with sb) 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 She has great influence with the manager and could no doubt help you. 语语语语语语语语语, 语语语语语语.

语语语语语 A. being that发发use固定搭配用法 ； 发。

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B. influence语secretary of labor概念不发等use用了被 ； 发发发，使得influence的发作发出者不明。 C. being secretary of labor补补influence发发，概念上不发等；use发发 B补 同 D. Correct； 发发 从主 发 修 发 成分即可排除 A语B语C语E而 发 留下 D补 as secretary of labor补 补 补 as语语 随之意，即伴随发明”语Frances Perkins语语secretary of labor发发生的事情”补 E. Secretary of labor同位修 influence 发 发发，而事发上即便改发Secretary of labor, Frances Perkins语 是不太恰当的，因发如果把发位、称号放在人名前面，如果没有冠发，或者有定冠发，就不用逗号；而 补be use doing sth.搭配 发发 ； influence was used with FDR preventing补influence with sb.语 配发发；use固定搭配用法发。

215. (GWD-31-Q28) Rock samples taken from the remains of an asteroid about twice the size of the 6-mile-wide asteroid that eradicated the dinosaurs has been dated to be 3.47 billion years old and thus is evidence of the earliest known asteroid impact on Earth. A. has been dated to be 3.47 billion years old and thus is B. has been dated at 3.47 billion years old and thus C. have been dated to be 3.47 billion years old and thus are D. have been dated as being 3.47 billion years old and thus E. have been dated at 3.47 billion years old and thus are 语语语语语Rock samples ……have been dated at x years old and thus are……

语语语 1. 主发一致，名发复数作主发，其发发也用发数 2. Date的固定搭配：date to 语 语 语 ago，且to后面直接接年代数字（不需要接be补 补 date at 语 语 语 old搭配。 (补补补补prep1-256)

语语语语语 A语 B语 C语 D语 E语

语语has语is发，主发是 rock samples，发发要用复数；dated to be 3.47 billion years old搭配发发。 has主发不一致；and前后发发不一致，不发发省略后面的be发发； be dated to be语语be dated to语old语 语 语 date as being搭配发发；and前后发发不一致，不发发省略后面的be语语 Correct补

216. (GWD-13-1) Although she had been known as an effective legislator first in the Texas Senate and later in the United States House of Representatives, not until Barbara Jordan’s participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon in 1974 was she made a nationally recognized figure, as it was televised nationwide. A. later in the United States House of Representatives, not until Barbara Jordan’s participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon in 1974 www.chasedream.com

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B.

C.

D.

E.

was she made a nationally recognized figure, as it was later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which were later in the United States House of Representatives, it was not until 1974 that Barbara Jordan became a nationally recognized figure, with her participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which was then also later in the United States House of Representatives, not until 1974 did Barbara Jordan become a nationally recognized figure, as she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, being then also later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which was

语语语语语Although she had been known……语Barbara Jordan did not……语when she……

语语语 1. then语later语 语 语 语 2. 定发从句可以根据发发的发复数形式来发发跳发修发，使句子符合发发 语语语impeachment 是一种法律程序，impeach的英文解 发发 ： If a government official is impeached, they are formally charged with a serious crime in a special government court: e.g.语The governor was impeached for using state funds improperly. 因此发发直播的只能是有关发一法律程序的听 which从句只能修发hearings，而不是 发会，所以 发一法律程序本身。 3. 主从句发位指代：如果主从句主发相同，那么当主句在前发，主句主发要用名发，从句主发要用代发 补 当从句在前是，从句主发可以用名发也可以用代发，当从句主发用代发发 ，主句要用名发，当从句主 发用名发发，主句主发用代发指代从句主发。

语语语语语 A. 打破主从句发位指代发发 awkward——补 ，句式 she语although引发的发步状发从句的主发，那么最好主发一开发 语 语 she 所 指 代 的 发 象 ， 也 就 是 Barbara Jordan 语 语 语 语 not until 补 she made a nationally recognized figure发口发化，用become补 补 补 hearings是复数，不能用it指代。 B. Correct；句式发发明确，发发发发(很明发的正确发发特征)，且符合主从句发位指代发发。 C. 主句主发用Barbara Jordan比发好； with引发的独立主格做伴随发发 意思不合理；定发从句的发发发发 was主发不一致，发发用were补 D. 主句主 发 用 Barbara Jordan比发好； then语later用 发 重复；用 as来引 发 伴随状 发发发 含 发 不合理； being做伴随状发，其发发主发是she，发发含发发发。 E. 发发 DC 同

语语语语语 本发存在部分倒装： 原 句 ： not until Barbara Jordan's participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon in 1974 was she made a nationally recognized figure, 正 常 发 序 是 she was made a nationally recognized figure not until Barbara Jordan's www.chasedream.com

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participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon in 1974

217. (GWD-8-Q11) There are no legal limits, as there are for cod and haddock, on the size of monkfish that can be caught, a circumstance that contributes to their depletion through overfishing. A. There are no legal limits, as there are for cod and haddock, on the size of monkfish that can be caught, a circumstance that contributes to their depletion through overfishing. B. There are no legal limits on the size of monkfish that can be caught, unlike cod or haddock, a circumstance that contributes to depleting them because they are being overfished. C. There are legal limits on the size of cod and haddock that can be caught, but not for monkfish, which contributes to its depletion through overfishing. D. Unlike cod and haddock, there are no legal size limits on catching monkfish, which contributes to its depletion by being overfished. E. Unlike catching cod and haddock, there are no legal size limits on catching monkfish, contributing to their depletion because they are overfished. 语语语语语There are……语as there are……语a circumstance that…… 没有像发发和黑发发发那发有关于捕发尺寸的法律保发是安康发被发度捕发的原因之一

语语语 1. like/unlike A, S.V.O. 补S语A一定要可比，发发发称。 2. which/it不能指代一句发，常用同位发发发行替发，例如可以使用discovery/fact等名发发发一句发 3. limit的固定搭配： n. : limit on sth.; limit to do sth. limit for sb./sth. There's a limit on the time you have to take the test. The time limit for making claims is three months. There's no age limit for applicants. There's a limit to what we can do to help. vt.: limit sb. to sth.; limit sth. (to sth.); be limited to sth

语语语语语 A. Correct补 monkfish语 语 语 语 语 (语 语 语 语 语 )语their语语monkfish补 there be句型的平行要发出 there be补 B. unlike的发个发 象不可比(size v.s. monkfish)，且放在中 发，易发生修发歧发；depleting them语 主发发发，可是发作发出者又不明，发发；用because引发的原因状发从句来表示方式太发于累发。 C. which不能指代一句发；发发用their语语语monkfish，因发monkfish前面没有冠发，所以是复数。 D. unlike比 发 双方不可比； its语 语 语 语 语 语 monkfish 发发； by不如through补 补 being overfished补补补 contributes语contributes的发发 主发 which，不合理。 E. Unlike比发双方不可比；前面 there be句型是主系表发发，所以后面 contributing不能表示伴随发发语 而是作发形容发修发前面的名发catching monkfish补 补 because引发的原因状发从句来表示方式太发 www.chasedream.com

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补补补 补

语语语语语 1. through语by的区发： through doing往往是指发成、做到一个语语所做的行发，如本发的depletion就是一个发果。 by doing往往是指发了做某事而行使的行发。 发 者差 发发 微，却可以用于迅速判 发 ，如本 发 用 depletion语through搭配更合理，可以得出D语语语 补A语C补 补 补 2. 关于monkfish, fish的发复数发发： if "fish" is singular, it must be used WITH AN ARTICLE ("a", "the", etc.) i saw a fish swimming beneath me --> singular (1 fish) i saw fish swimming beneath me --> plural (multiple fish)

218. (T-4-Q33) In attempting to solve the problems caused by a lowering of the price of oil, oil companies operating in the North Sea have taken a variety of approaches, which includes their reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently from smaller fields, and finding innovative ways to cut the cost of building and operating platforms. A. which includes their reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently B. which includes reducing employment, using new technology to be more efficient in pumping oil C. which include reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently D. which include the reduction of employment, their using new technology to pump oil more efficiently E. including a reduction of employment, their use of new technology to be more efficient at pumping oil 语 语 语 语 语 In attempting to solve…… 语 oil companies have taken…… 语 which ……语using……

语语语 1. 平行发发中要注意平行发象要发等（形式和功能），发作性名发不能和名发性名发平行并列 2. (1) “a variety of/ a number of + 语 语 语 语 ”后面发发用复数形式； (2) the number of / the variety of + 复数名发作主发发，发发发发用发数； (3) “a body of/a collection of/an arrary of/a series of/a set of/a portion of/a group of/ a constellation of/a team of + 语 语 语 语 ”作主 发后面发发 都用发 数形式，因发 body/collection 等被发作集合名发(collective noun)，后面是of引发的介发短发做形容发。

语语语语语 A. a variety of + 复数 名 发 ， 发发发发 用复数， 且 which 引 发 的定 发 从句修 发 approaches ，所以 includes发； their reducing补their语语(有效性发发)补 www.chasedream.com

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B. includes主发不一致发发 ； using new technology to be more efficient改发句意， 发得不合理 (补 加有效率地使用新技 发 ，合理句意 发发 是新技 发 使得 pump语 语 语 语 语 )；在做某事有效率要用at doing sth.补 C. Correct补 reducing, using, finding三者平行。 D. reduction语their using语finding不平行 E. reduction语use语finding不平行； use of new technology to be more efficient改发句意，发得不合 语(更加有效率地使用新技发，合理句意发发是新技发使得pump语 语 语 语 语 )

语语语语语 1. In attempt to语in attempting to没有区发 2. Efficient at语efficient in doing sth.补 At:语语语语语语语 Their equipment was not as efficient at finding gold as today's machinery. In:语语语语语语语语 The heating system is very efficient in its use of of fuel.

219. (GWD-8-Q34) (GWD-13-28语OG 12-78) Fossils of the arm of a sloth found in Puerto Rico in 1991, and dated at 34 million years old, made it the earliest known mammal of the Greater Antilles islands. A. sloth found in Puerto Rico in 1991, and dated at 34 million years old, made it the earliest known mammal of B. sloth, that they found in Puerto Rico in 1991, has been dated at 34 million years old, thus making it the earliest mammal known on C. sloth that was found in Puerto Rico in 1991, was dated at 34 million years old, making this the earliest known mammal of D. sloth, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, have been dated at 34 million years old, making the sloth the earliest known mammal on E. sloth which, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, was dated at 34 million years old, made the sloth the earliest known mammal of 语语语语语Fossils……have been dated ……语making……

语语语 1. 定发从句：限制性定发从句与非限制性定发从句 2. 主发一致

语语语语语 A. dated 语 found 都是 发 去分 发 ， 共同 修 发 fossils 语and 前面不 需 要 逗号； fossils 使得 sloth 语语earliest known mammal 发发 意思不 发 ， 发发 是年份发 定的 发 果使之成发earliest known mammal补 it语语 不清楚，代发发以指到介发的发发 B. that they语语they无指代； that引发的是限制性定发从句，与先行发之发不能加逗号，且当先行发在定发 从句中做发发发 关系代发不必发 出； has语语fossils是复数名发，发发 使用 have补 it指代不清；主句与 伴随状发 making it…无因果关系，不发用thus C. that was可以省略，且发发用that were；发发发发发发用复数形式；this语 语 语 www.chasedream.com

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D. Correct补 found补补fossils补 have been dated是句子的发发部分，主发是fossils语making伴随表发果补 be dated at/to … years old都是发的。 E. 非限制性定发从句前发发加上逗号；定发从句发发发发形式发发，发发用复数

语语语语语 OG 12-78补补补 Agreement; Logical predication The subject of the sentence is the plural fossils, not sloth, and therefore requires a plural verb. It therefore does not have a singular antecedent. To clarify the identification of the oldest known mammal, the noun the sloth must be explicitly identified. A Because sloth is the object of a preposition and not the subject of the sentence, there is no reasonable antecedent for the pronoun it; in this construction, the subject of made is fossils, but it makes no sense to say that the fossils made it the earliest known mammal. B The introduction of the mysterious they, a pronoun without a reference, adds confusion to this sentence; the singular verb does not agree with the plural subject. C The relative clause that was … is wordy and awkward; the singular verb does not agree with the plural subject. D Correct. The plural verb agrees with its plural subject, and the sloth is explicitly identified as the earliest known mammal. E The singular verb does not agree with the plural subject.

220. (GWD-6-Q31) The fact of some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely they vary considerably on a spectrum of genetic relatedness. A. The fact of some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely they vary considerably B. That some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly while others look quite dissimilar highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely that they vary considerably C. With some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar, it highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely considerable variation D. With some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar, it is a fact that highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely a considerable variation E. Because some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly and others look quite dissimilar, this fact highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternaltwin pairs, namely they vary considerably 语语语语语That……highlights……语namely that…… www.chasedream.com

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语语语 1. one语another搭配； some语others搭配； each语the other搭配； each other语others语语 2. namely的用法十分灵活：（=that is to say, along with补 . 它是副发，后面不能直接加句子 语 1 ） 发 充 发 明 前 面 离 它 最 近 的 名 发 成 分 ； e.g.: The other change, namely the increase in electronic equipment, has slowed down. 语 2 ） 发 充 发 明 句 子 主 发 ； e.g. 补 One group of people seems to be forgotten, namely pensioners. 语 3 补 namely 后 面 跟 从 句 解 发 前 面 的 名 发 成 分 ； e.g.: On the next trip, I solved part of the problem, but after discussing the situation with AB on the phone an alternative solution was at hand; namely, that from 1987 onwards I would spend my winters playing for Queensland.

语语语语语 A. the fact后面用of补 补 补 补 补 补 fact的内容， 发发 用 that引 发 的同位 发 从句，来 发 明 twins 发生了什么 fact(更多发发发充)补 namely是副发，后面直接加句子发，发发加上发发that补 B. Correct 语 语 语 语 namely 上 述 的 第 2 种用 法， 本句 亦可 发发发 序 改 发 第一 种用 法： That some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly while others look quite dissimilar, namely that they vary considerably, highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs. 从形合的角度， that…, namely that… 更 发发 称，直接只剩下 B补 补 补 补 语语"namely that they vary..."语"namely considerable variation" 发 法上都是没有 发发 的， 发 一 点直接排 A,E，留下B,C,D，再根据需要 除 发明 variation的主体，所以用they vary语 语 语 语 语 C,D补 some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly语others looking quite dissimilar是成发比的发 发事物，用 while发接比用and补 补 补 补 补 C. It 无 所 指 ； some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly 语 others looking quite dissimilar是成发比的发发事物，发发用while补 补 补 补 补 with独立主格的发发主发发发；variation语 feature并不发等，因此namely无发充发明发象。 D. It指代正确，因发是发发it is a fact that 发发的一部分，发发句； a fact无所指；with独立主格发发 语C补 namely无发充发明发象。 E. Because引发的是原因状发从句，而并不是名发性从句，使得 this fact无所指；namely语 语 语 语 语 that补

语语语语语 the fact of语GMAT中从未成发发正确发发，必发用that引发同位发从句修发fact，例： 1. Chronic low-level leaking and the routine discharge of drilling mud and mineral salts present considerable environmental risk during offshore oil drilling. (A) Chronic low-level leaking and the routine discharge of drilling mud and mineral salts present considerable environmental risk during offshore oil drilling. (B) The reason offshore oil drilling presents a considerably environmental risk is because of chronic low-level leaking and the routine discharge of drilling mud and mineral salts. (C) A considerable risk to the environment is presented during offshore oil drilling, where low-level leaks are chronic and the routine discharge of mud and mineral salts. (D) Offshore oil drilling presents a considerable risk to the environment due to the fact of chronic low-level leaks, and mud and mineral salts are routinely discharged.

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(E) Chronic low-level leaking, along with the routine discharge of drilling mud and mineral salts, are what make offshore oil drilling environmentally risky. 语语语语语 A 2. Darwin was not the first to advance a theory of evolution; his tremendous originality lay in the fact that he proposed the idea of natural selection as the means by which evolution worked. (A) lay in the fact that he proposed the idea (B) lay in the fact of his proposing the idea (C) laid in the fact of his proposing the idea (D) laid in his proposal (E) lay in his proposal 语语语语语 E 3. A discussion of our nation’s foreign policy must begin with the fact of there being an independent Western Europe which now thinks of itself in trans-nationalist terms. (A) A discussion of our nation’s foreign policy must begin with the fact of there being (B) Beginning any discussion of our nation’s foreign policy must be the fact of there being (C) Any discussion of our nation’s foreign policy must begin with the fact that there is (D) Any discussion of our nation’s foreign policy must begin by acknowledging the existence of (E) To begin discussing our nation’s foreign policy thee must be an acknowledgment of the fact that 语 语 语D语 语

221. (GWD-7-Q2) The first commercially successful drama to depict Black family life sympathetically and the first play by a Black woman to be produced on Broadway, it was Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun that won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award in 1959, and was later made into both a film and a musical. A. it was Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun that won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award in 1959, and was later made B. in 1959 A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award and was later made C. Lorraine Hansberry won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for A Raisin in the Sun in 1959, and it was later made D. Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award in 1959 and was later made E. A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award in 1959, and later made it 语语语语语The first drama……语CH’s A Raisin in the Sun won……and was later made……

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

语语语 1. 同位发要能发互相解发，且中发尽量不能隔开。 2. 语语语语

语语语语语 A. drama语play是句子主发 的同位发 ，所以 it语语(it是 发发 句的引发发 ，无指代 )补 and was语it was并列， 语语语语that won并列，除非去掉and前面的逗号，并改发and that was补 B. in 1959语 语 语 语 语 语 drama and play语A Raisin in the Sun补 C. drama and play不能成发Lorraine Hansberry的同位发；it指代不清晰。 D. Correct补 E. A Raisin in the Sun不能把自己发发发影和音发发，因此make语 语 语 语 语 语 it无所指。

222. (GWD-12-Q14) In 1914 a total of 469,000 cars and trucks were produced in the United States, but in 1929 almost twice the numbers of trucks alone came off the assembly lines. A. the numbers of trucks alone B. that number of trucks alone C. the number of trucks by themselves D. as many trucks themselves E. as many trucks by themselves 语 语 语 语 语 In 1914 a total of 469,000 cars and trucks were…… 语 but in 1929 almost twice that number of trucks…… 1914语cars语trucks补补补补469000语 语 语 语 1929语语trucks发独就有原来发数发倍那么多从发装发上下发。

语语语 1语 twice只能作副发, 在句子中表发的意思却是比发, 发发的发目, 首先要弄清楚比发的双方是否合理 , 补 果合理的发, 补补twice作发副发的位置 : 语语语语as..as或比发发 之前 , 也可以放在比发点的名发之前 , 补 补 补补twice前后的 发 要能直接搭配 (副 发 的作用 ).eg: He is twice the man he was. = He has twice the strength he had =He is twice as strong as he was. 2语 Number的用法：a number of（大量的），the number of语……的数量）， numbers of （发多）。发 补补prep1-209（发发P43补

语语语语语 A. the numbers 发发twice后面要跟 ， 发数的 number，即 twice the number语 语 语 语 语 the number语语 指代特定的数字发是用that number更发明确 B. Correct补 that number指代前面 发 和的 469000，如果是the number，没有指代 发 象，似乎 发 是 the number of trucks C. the number指代不清；by themselves是指卡 发 出售 发 没有附 发 配件，即 发发 出售，与 alone语语 并不相同。 D. 补 as many trucks 发 ，整个句子的意思是 “ 1914年汽 发 和卡 发 一共生 发 了 469,000语 语 语 1929语语

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

倍的卡 发 下了生 发发 ” ，句子前后并没有直接 发发发 系，前面句子并没有 发 卡 发 有多少 发 ； trucks themselves发发的发发（ X itself语 语 语 themselves语语语语语语trucks的同位发，表示发发 是 trucks语 已，我发往往可以看作没有反身代发，就如同同位发往往与句子主成份无关一发。 E. as many trucks发发 D补 同 by themselves发发 C 同

223. (T-4-Q16) Humans have been damaging the environment for centuries by overcutting trees and farming too intensively, and though some protective measures, like the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great increases in population and in the intensity of industrialization are causing a worldwide ecological crisis. A. though some protective measures, like the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great increases in population B. though some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, were taken decades ago, great increases in population C. though some protective measures, such as establishing national forests and wildlife sanctuaries having been taken decades ago, great population increases D. with some protective measures, like establishing national forests and wildlife sanctuaries that were taken decades ago, great increases in population E. with some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great population increases 语语语语语Humans have been damaging……语and though some protective measures…… were taken……语great increases……are causing……

语语语 1. like只表示比发，不表示发例，发例用such as补 2. though引发发步状发从句，其后面跟完整句子。 发发分析： A. like用法发发；though引发的不是一个完整的句子。 B. Correct补 measure语 语 语 the establishment搭配是最合适的，都描述一个方法，与establishing语 配不好。 C. Such as后的发个发象不平行；though引发的不是一个完整的句子；great population increases语 and in the intensity不平行。 D. Like用法发发；with引发的是介发短发做attributive phrase补补increases，发发 不合理。 E. 后半个句子中，分句和主句是发折关系，用 with来引发伴随状发发发 上不合理； great population increases语and in the intensity不平行。

语语语语语 1. with复合发发的用法: with复合发发在句子中作状发，表示语语语语语语语语语语语语语语补 补 语1补 With+语语+介发短发 语2补 with+语语+语语语语(发发与发发之发是被发关系) 语3补 with+语语+发在分发(发发与发发之发是主发关系) www.chasedream.com

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语4补 with+语语+todo(不定式做发发有“语 语 ”的含发) 语5补 with+语语+语语语/语语 语6补 with复合发发的作用

224. (GWD-8-Q17) Fossils of a whale that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and was subsequently butchered by hominids have been recovered by paleontologists. A. that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and was subsequently butchered by hominids have B. that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and then was subsequently butchered by hominids has C. that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago, which was subsequently butchered by hominids, has D. having been beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and subsequently butchered by hominids, have E. having beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and then subsequently were butchered by hominids have 语语语语语Fossils of a whale that beached … and was subsequently butchered ... have been recovered …. 语 语 Fossils 语 语 语 have been recovered 语 that 从句修发 whale ， 其 中 beached 语 was subsequently butchered并列

语语语 主发一致 补 补 补 补 平行发称 1.发在分发的完成式having done不做后置定发

语语语语语 A. Correct，用定发从句来表示发去发比用分发形式好。 B. has与主发 Fossils不一致；then语subsequently重复。 C. has与主发 Fossils不一致；which非限定性修发whale发发，发发用非限定性修发。 D. having been beached，发 在分发 的完成式 having done不做限定性修发，只能做非限定性修发， 而且限定性的having been down补 补 补 补 补 done替代； been beached用了被发发发发发 E. having beached ， 发 在 分 发 的 完 成 式 having done 不 做 限 定 性 修 发 ； having beached 语 were butchered不平行； then语subsequently重复。

225. (GWD-3-Q39) Minivans carry as many as seven passengers, and compared with sport utility vehicles, most cost less, get better gas mileage, and make it easy for passengers to get in and out, and have a smoother, more car-like ride. www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

A. B. C. D. E.

and make it easy for passengers to get in and out and allow passengers to get in and out easily and allow passengers to get in and out more easily make it easier for passengers when getting in and out allow passengers to get in and out more easily

语语语语语Minivans [carry …,] and [compared with sport utility vehicles, most cost …, get better …, allow …, and have …] 发个分句的平行：第一个分句主发minivans，第二个分句主发most语语语minivans补 compared with sport utility vehicles，做状发修发其后面的分句。

语语语 平行发称发发含发 1. 一发元素平行发，必发并且发在最后一个元素前加 and补

语语语语语 A. 划发部分第一个 and破坏了平行 发发 ， 发发 平行的最后一个元素是 have a smoother, more carlike ride；划 发 部分的 easy没有比 发发 ，也是破坏了平行； make it easier for passengers语语语 补E发发。 B. 划 发 部分第一个 and破坏了平行 发发 ， 发发 平行的最后一个元素是 have a smoother, more carlike ride；划发部分的easy没有比发发，也是破坏了平行。 C. 划发部分第一个and破坏了平行发发。 D. it语 语 语 语 语 make it easier for passengers发发不如E发发。 E. Correct补

语语语语语 make语allow是同发发，在本发的发境下可以互发使用，只是 allow sb. to do sth. easily语make it easy for sb. to do sth.发发，前者不需要用到形式发发it语语语to do sth.补 (1) make补to cause something to happen, or cause a particular state or condition make sth difficult/easy/possible etc 语 The use of computers has made it possible for more people to work from home. (2) allow 补 to make it possible for something to happen or for someone to do something, especially something helpful or useful allow sb to do sth 语 A 24-hour ceasefire allowed the two armies to reach an agreement.

语语语语语语 1语 prep1-247, GWD-3-Q39 Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less, get better gas mileage, allow passengers to get in and out more easily, and have a smoother ride. A. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less, www.chasedream.com

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B. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, they cost less, C. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers, in comparison with most sport utility vehicles, and have a lower cost, they D. Minivans, carrying as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less, E. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles the cost is lower, and they Key补A 发 然 是相 似 发 ，但 是句 子 发 发 因 发 most 位置 的改 发 ( 语cost 前移到了 ” sport utility vehicles” 补) 而发生了改 发，句子的发发发成了，一个发发与发外四个相同意群的发发并列，compared with语 语 语 and隔开，作 状发向后修发。具体解析发prep1-247补

语语语语语语 2语 OG12语134 Recently implemented “shift-work equations” based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries. (A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised (B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised (C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising (D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised (E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising key: C

226. (GWD-4-34) (OG12-28) Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on cultivating such crops like corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and shellfish, and exploiting other wild and domestic resources. A. based on cultivating such crops like corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and shellfish, and exploiting B. based on the cultivation of such crops as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and seafood, and the exploitation of C. and basing it on the cultivation of crops like corn and beans, harvesting fish and seafood, and the exploiting of D. and they based it on their cultivation of crops such as corn and beans, the harvest of fish and seafood, and exploiting E. and they based it on their cultivating such crops like corn and beans, their harvest of fish and shellfish, and they exploited 语 语 语 语 语 Building on …, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on the cultivation of …, the harvesting of …, and the exploitation of … www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

based on 从句修 elaborate 发 society 补 the cultivation of …, the harvesting of …, and the exploitation of …

语语语 发发用发（ Diction补 ; 语语语语语Parallelism补 1. 只有 such …as…表示发例，没有such…like或者用like来发例。

语语语语语 (A) such…like 搭 配 发发 ， 表 示 列 发 要 用 such…as 补 cultivating…, the harvesting of…, and exploiting…补the harvesting of不平行；。 (B) Correct补 harvest做名发发有三个意思：收发、发量、成果，harvesting发有收发的意思，从OG12语 语语语语语语GMAT并没有区分harvest语harvesting，发者都可。 (C) such…like 搭 配 发发 ； 第 一 个 and 之 后 缺 少 发发 ， 使 得 and 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 the cultivation…, harvesting…, the exploiting不平行。 (D) their cultivation…, the harvest…, and exploiting…不平行；没有必要新开一个分句，发得很累 补补 (E) based it on “their cultivating”表 发 拙劣 (语语+one’s doing往往是很拙劣的表发)补 such…like发发 补 句式 发发 在本 发发 里 发发 了 the Mochica developed…, and they basaed on…, their harvest … and they exploited的平行，但是既然四个发发里面三个发出了 and语语their harvest前面也发发 补 补 and，但即便发出了， their harvest也发发 是一个名发 ，与其他三者不平行；发发 的平行发发 ， 发发上也不太合理。

语语语语语 1. 发发辨析： harvest语harvesting有重发意发： harvest: the act, process, or occasion of gathering a crop harvesting: Synonyms HARVEST 1, cropping, gathering, ingathering, reaping 2. OG12-28的解发： Diction; Parallelism

A. B. C. D. E.

The sentence describes the elaborate society of the Mochica with a series of three features, the first of which contains an example. The three features must be presented in parallel structures—e.g., cultivating, harvesting, and exploiting. The use of such to introduce the examples of crops requires that the comparison be completed with as instead of like. The second item in the series violates the parallelism required for the series; like is the incorrect word to complete the introduction of examples. Correct. The three items in the series are in parallel form, and such crops is correctly followed by as. And basing it on … must come before the main verb in order to make this version a complete sentence. The items in the description of the society are not in parallel form. Like is the wrong word to introduce the examples; based it on their cultivating such crops … is awkward and wordy; they based is parallel to they exploited, but for this sentence to work, and would have to be inserted before their harvest of fish.

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Th e correct answer is B.

语语语语语语语 关于发名发的平行 OG12-130 One view of the economy contends that a large drop in oil prices should eventually lead to lowering interest rates, as well as lowering fears about inflation, a rally in stocks and bonds, and a weakening of the dollar. (A) lowering interest rates, as well as lowering fears about inflation, (B) a lowering of interest rates and of fears about inflation, (C) a lowering of interest rates, along with fears about inflation, (D) interest rates being lowered, along with fears about inflation, (E) interest rates and fears about inflation being lowered, with key补 B Parallelism; Diction The sentence uses parallel structure to describe the anticipated effects of a drop in oil prices. Parallel noun phrases list two eff ects, a rally … and a weakening, so the first effect in the series must be written as a lowering. Lowering is a participle, whereas a lowering is a gerund and functions as a noun. For the sake of both clarity and conciseness, the effects on interest rates and fears should be combined into a single noun phrase: a lowering of interest rates and of fears about inflation. A Each noun in the parallel series should be introduced by the indefinite article a; lowering, a verb form, needs to be made into the noun a lowering; rates and fears should be combined. B Correct. The series a lowering … a rally … and a weakening uses parallel structure correctly; a lowering of interest rates and of fears gracefully combines two effects in this sentence. C Parallelism is maintained with a lowering, but the use of along with makes it unclear that fears is parallel to rates. D Parallelism is not maintained due to use of along with as in the previous option; the phrase interest rates being lowered is awkward. E Parallelism is not maintained; the phrase interest rates and fears about inflation being lowered is awkward. The correct answer is B. OG10-62 Geologists believe that the warning signs for a major earthquake may include sudden fluctuations in local seismic activity, tilting and other deformations of the Earth's crust, changing the measured strain across a fault zone, and varying the electrical properties of underground rocks. (A) changing the measured strain across a fault zone and varying (B) changing measurements of the strain across a fault zone, and varying (C) changing the strain as measured across a fault zone, and variations of (D) changes in the measured strain across a fault zone, and variations in (E) changes in measurements of the strain across a fault zone, and variations among www.chasedream.com

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Answer to Question 62 D, the best choice, describes the warning signs in parallel phrases. Despite surface appearances, the nouns changes and variations are parallel with tilting, but the verbal forms changing and varying in A, B, and C are not: tilting, one of the deformations of the Earth's crust, is used here as a noun that is parallel to fluctuations, whereas changing and varying are used as verbs indicating some action undertaken. Moreover, these verbs are used incorrectly because the sentence mentions no subject that is performing these actions. B and E illogically state that it is not the strain but the measurements that portend danger, and among in E wrongly suggests a comparison of different electrical properties rather than of different behaviors of the same properties.

227. (GWD-7-Q3) The state has proposed new rules that would set minimum staffing levels for nurses, rules intended to ensure that at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients put through triage in a hospital emergency room. A. rules intended to ensure that at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients put through triage in a hospital emergency room B. rules with the intent of ensuring one nurse at least to be assigned for every four patients to be put through triage in a hospital emergency room C. rules intending to ensure at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients in a hospital emergency room put through triage D. with the intent of ensuring that at least one nurse should be assigned for every four patients in a hospital emergency room that are put through triage E. and this is intended to ensure one nurse at least to be assigned for every four patients put through triage in a hospital emergency room 语语语语语The state has proposed new rules that …, rules intended to ensure that … 第二 rules做第一个rules的同位 个 发。

语语语 补补补 补 语语语 语 1. 语 语 语 语 (1) intend 的固定搭配：  intend 的发作发出者必发是生物。 intend somebody/something to do sth. I didn't intend her to see the painting until it was finished. 语 I never intended things to turn out the way they did. intend to do/doing sth. （后面跟 to do 语 ing 补 补 补 补 intend that be intended to do sth.：被用来做某事 be intended for somebody/something：表示发、发影、发品等发发…而发发或制造。 (2) intent 的固定搭配： noun. with intent (to do sth)  语语 intent 前没有 the www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

He is charged with possession of a gun with intent to commit a robbery.

intent of doing The proliferation of so-called cybersquatters, people who register the Internet domain names of high-profile companies in hopes of reselling the rights to those names for a profit, led to the passage in 1999 of the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, which allows companies to seek up to $100,000 in damages against those who register domain names with the sole intent of selling them later. adj. be intent on/upon (doing) sth 补 to be determined to do something or achieve something 语 She was intent on pursuing a career in business. intent on/upon 发注于 语 Intent upon her work, she didn't notice the cold. (3) intention of doing sth. / intention to do sth.  GMAT 中通常不用 intention to do sth.语语 补 intention of doing sth. 语语语语语(from longman)补 !! Do not say 'have no intention to do something' or 'not have the slightest intention to do something'. Say have no intention of doing something or not have the slightest intention of doing something : He had no intention of paying me the money. !! Do not say 'with the intention to do something'. Say with the intention of doing something : He left Manchester with the intention of finding a job in London. (4) ensure 的固定搭配： ensure + n. ensure + that (后面直接跟发述发气，不跟 should be) 发发ensure ： sb. to do sth. 2. 语语语语语语语语: (参考白勇发)法 1)名发性同位,发 名发解发名发: n. , n. ; n. , a/an + n.补 a/an + n. , n. 2) that语语语语语语语: 语语语语(evidence, result, principle补 补 ) + that语语, that从句发抽象名发发行具体化解发 3)概括性同位发发发 : 用一个概括性的名发去概括前面的解发发象; 语 语 / 句 子 , a program/ an advance/ a practice that… 4)名发重复性同位发发发: n. , n.(重复所修发的名)发+ that… 补 n. , the same n.(重复所修发的名)发that…

语语语语语 A. Correct补 “ four patients put through triage in a hospital emergency room”在医院急救室里被分发不同发 的病人。 B. ensure sth. / ensure that svo. 补 ensure sb. to do/be done的用法； at least修发发 象发发 ； to be put through含发发发 ，分配发士的发候，病人发发 是已发被分发发 了，所以发发 直接 put(语 用 语 语 语 )补 C. intending语rules的作者 发 出的而非 rules，只能用A语intended to补 ensure后面的 发发 从句引 发发 that需要 发 出以使句式更 put 发through 明晰； triage是 发 随修 发patients的，不能被地点状发in a hospital www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

emergency room补 补 补 D. with the intent做伴随状发修发前面的分句， rules语语state都 发发 主发不管发 发发； with the intent to do sth.固定搭配； ensure已发有should的意思，后面不能用should be补 that are put through triage修发发象发发。 E.

this不能指代前句；ensure sth. / ensure that svo. 补 ensure sb. to do/be done的用法 补

语语语语语语语 1. Asset allocators create portfolios, often in the form of of mutual funds, with the intention to turn in good results in both “bull” and “bear” markets. (A) with the intention (B) the intention of which is (C) intended (D) and intending (E) so intended as A. with the intention to do sth.用法发发，其修发发象也是allocators语语语语portfolios 补 B. which指代不清。 C. Correct； 发里的 intended to是要修发 portforlios，中发 的 often in the form of mutual funds是插 语语语语prep中有很多发发的句子，搞一个插入成分把发发和所要修发的发拆开迷惑人。 2. Alaska regularly deposits some of its profits from the sale of oil into a special fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves. (A) fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves (B) fund, the intention of which is to sustain the state’s economy after they have exhausted their oil reserves (C) fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted (D) fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after exhausting its oil reserves (E) fund that they intend to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted KEY: C 3. prep2-128. A Food and Drug Administration rule implemented in December 2000 mandates that any new drug that they intend to be used both by adults and children must undergo pediatric study and that its manufacturers list children's doses on the label. (A) drug that they intend to be used both by adults and children must (B) drug whose intended use is for adults and children as well (C) drug intended for use by both adults and children (D) drug, if they intend that it be used by adults and also children, must (E) drug, if intended for use both by adults and children, must A. They 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 must 语 mandate 发发重复， GMAT 语 mandate/order/suggest that somebody do something的发发 ， do语语语语语语语语语语do前面不加 should语must语语语语语语语语语语both… and语语语语语语语语 B. Whose use is for…语语语语语as well的发发 与 and语 语 语 drugs for adults and children as well语 语 语 的重心和表发含发的重点在于发物适用于成人，同发适于儿童只是一个发充信息，而句子原意要表发的是 同发适用于成人和儿童的发。 C. 语语 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

D. They语语语语语语语must语mandate发发重复，同A语语语语语both…and also搭配发发 。 E. must语mandate发发重复，同A语语语语语both…and语语语语语语语语

228. (GWD-5-Q1) So dogged were Frances Perkins' investigations of the garment industry, and her lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent, Alfred E. Smith and Franklin D. Roosevelt recruited Perkins to work within the government, rather than as a social worker. A. and her lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent, B. and lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent, so that C. her lobbying for wage and hour reform persistent, that D. lobbying for wage and hour reform was so persistent, E. so persistent her lobbying for wage and hour reform, that 语语语语语So dogged were Frances Perkins' investigations …, so persistent …, that …

语语语 语 语 语 语发发用发

语语语语语 A. B. C. D.

尾三发，没有呼 so…that 发 发发；划发部分与前面so…industry不平行。 so…so that搭配发发 。 划发部分与前面so…industry不平行。 尾三 发，没有呼发so…that 发发 ；划发 部分与前面 so…industry不平行；缺少发发 ，一个句子 发个 be语语语run-on sentence补 E. Correct；本发主在考so…that…的倒装；发发发充发明。

语语语语语 原文： NYtimes November 14, 1993 http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html? res=9F0CE0D81E3AF937A25752C1A965958260 So dogged were her investigations of the garment industry, and so persistent her lobbying for wage and hour reform, that she was first recruited by Gov. Al Smith, and later by Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt, to work within New York State government, rather than against it. 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语 发个并列分句中，当 become 发发发发发 发，后面一句一定要省略。并且 系发发或者 and一并省略。 发 原 倒 装 ： Frances Perkins' investigations of the garment industry were so dogged, her lobbying for wage and hour reform (was) so persistent, that Alfred E. Smith and Franklin D. Roosevelt recruited Perkins to work within the government, rather than as a social worker. 语语语语语语语语语语语语语NN语语语语语语语语 独立发发/语 ：名+语/语/补 /补 /语语语 So dogged were Frances Perkins' investigations of the garment industry{, so persistent her lobbying for wage and hour reform, }that Alfred E. Smith and Franklin D. Roosevelt www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

recruited Perkins to work within the government, rather than as a social worker. So..that..是个很完美的发发， so persistent her lobbying for wage and hour reform语语语and补 掉 了 ， 发 明 并 不 是 与 前 面 的 So dogged were Frances Perkins' investigations of the garment industry做并列成分,而是做从属伴随成分(独立主格)语语So dogged…的发发发明.但同发因发发 recruited 者都是 Perkins的原因，所以发发用相同发发。 C里面也是独立主格，伴随修 发 前半个分句， 发发 的原因就在于并没有表示出 her lobbying for wage and hour reform persistent语语recruited的原因之一。即便是分句，后面有了that，那么so that 发发发发完整。

229. (GWD-6-Q18) In California today, Hispanics under the age of eighteen account for more than 43 percent, compared with a decade ago, when it was about 35 percent. A. In California today, Hispanics under the age of eighteen account for more than 43 percent, compared with a decade ago, when it was about 35 percent. B. Of the Californians under the age of eighteen, today more than 43 percent of them are Hispanic, compared with a decade ago, when it was about 35 percent. C. Today, more than 43 percent of Californians under the age of eighteen are Hispanic, compared with about 35 percent a decade ago. D. Today, compared to a decade ago, Californians who are Hispanics under the age of eighteen account for more than 43 percent, whereas it was about 35 percent. E. Today, Hispanics under the age of eighteen in California account for more than 43 percent, unlike a decade ago, when it was about 35 percent. 语语语语语Today, more than 43 percent of Californians …, compared with ….

语语语 语语语语 语 语 语 语 1. 数发做指代。 2. compared with做比发。

语语语语语 A. 43 percent 语35 percent语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 many的原理近似（也可以看作43 percent 语 35 percent 后面省略的内容不明）；compared with 修 发发 象不明，主句中没有成分可以与 a decade ago 发发，根据发发 意思重点发发 是 more than 43 percent语35 percent的发比；指代发 语语it指代不明。 B. 43 percent of them语of the Californians重复； it无所指；根据发发 含 发 ，最合理的是 43 percent语 35 percent语 语 语 语 语 语 语 today语a decade ago的发比。 C. Correct补 compared with后面跟的是 35 percent，其发可以直接发了。 D. Compared to修发不清，可以修发today，也可以修发主句；43 percent语35 percent无所指；it补 所指。 E. 43 percent语35 percent无所指；it无所指；unlike a decade ago语语语语Hispanics，比发发象不发 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 43 percent语35 percent语 语 语 语 语 语 语 today语a decade ago的发比。 www.chasedream.com

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

语语语语语 1. E语语today语a decade ago语 语 today语语语adverb, 语语语noun E语语today语 语 语 adverb. Like做发比发要接noun (phrase), 语a decade ago只能是adverb phrase. 补 补 like a decade ago 语 语 语 语 语 (补 search语 语 语 语 OG/Prep补, 也没有一发是有"like X ago"). 2. Like做发比发的位置: 1. X, like Y, V+O; 2. Like Y, X+V+O; 3. X+V+O, like Y. 所有发比的发象 语语X补 3. 正确发发改发发目原意的发发： GMAT中改发原意只是相发性发发，不能做发判断的第一发准，只有在各个发发都没有明发发法发发 的发候才考发改发原意的发发，本发中发多发发的等发都是发高于改发原意的。在OG语PREP中改发原 意的正确发发也多次出发。

230. (GWD-8-Q32) At the annual stockholders meeting, investors heard a presentation on the numerous challenges facing the company, including among them the threat from a rival’s multibilliondollar patent-infringement suit and the declining sales for the company’s powerful microprocessor chip. A. including among them the threat from a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the declining sales for B. which includes the threat of a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and declining sales of C. included among these the threat from a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit as well as a decline in sales for D. among them the threat of a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the decline in sales of E. among these the threat from a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit as well as the decline in sales for 语 语 语 语 语 … , investors heard a presentation on the numerous challenges …, among them …and….

语语语 发发语有效 语 语 语 发发用发 1. 发发有效，include语among意思重复。 2. 语 语 语 语 语 GMAT中发避免指代的歧发与模糊，this/that/these/those语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 )补 3. 发发用发： sales of语 语 语 语 语 语 “ xx的发量”，没有sales for一发。 threat of +抽象概念(xx的威发)语threat from+sb.(来自某人的威发 )

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(注意有例外语

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

语语语语语 A.

① include语among them语 语 语 语 语 ②语语语语sales for不是正确的 发发 用 发 ，只有 sales of语③ threat of +语 语 语 语 语 threat from+sb语suit是抽象概念，所以发发 用 threat of语语declining sales for语 语decline in sales of…语语语语语语the threat of 语语语语语语语both are unfavorable things语

B. 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 补 includes，所以 which语语语语语 company，发发发发 ；A语语补 同 among them语as well as语 语 语 语语语语语语 C. 补 A语②③④语among these语 语 语these不能做direct object，发发用 语语语语语语补 D. Correct；平行 发 称很完美， 发发 ”the [abstract notion] of [concrete business/law concept]” 的平行；在本发中including语among them都可以用，但是不能同发使用，否发重复。 among them语as well as语 语 语 语语语语语语语 E. 补 A语②③语among these语 语 语these不能做direct object，发发用 语 语 语 语语 补

语语语语语 1. among them the threat of a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the decline in sales of语语语语语语 语语语语语语语语语语语 语 语 语 语 语 the threat of a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the decline in sales of the company’s powerful microprocessor chip among them,语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 语 among them语语them语 语 语 语 语challenges更近。 语 语语语语语among them A and B语语语A and B among them语A and B语 语 语 语语语语语语语”语语+语语”语 语语语 语 语 语 语 2. 语 t语hese的发独指代 prep1-34 语 语 语 语 : Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's. 语语these语语endorphins补 OG11-115 语 语 语 语 (语语): George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first European writers to consider the rural poor to be legitimate subjects for literature and portray these with sympathy and respect in her novels. 发发原因 “A To be is unnecessary; these must be replaced by them” 语语语 语 语 (1) these语 语 语 direct object(语 语 语 语 )语34语语these是主发 , 语语语 语 语 语 (2) they指代前面出发的发象，these指代离它最近的发象，指代都要发足发发 符合，主发一致的要 语 语 语 语prep1-34中用了 these是可以的。而本发中these是做 among语语 语 语 语 ，所以不妥。

语语语语语语语 OG10-79 (these vs. them) George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first European writers to consider the rural poor to be legitimate subjects for literature and portray these with sympathy and respect in her novels.

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

(A) to be legitimate subjects for literature and portray these (B) should be legitimate subjects for literature: portray these (C) as being legitimate subjects for literature an portraying them (D) as if they were legitimate subjects for literal; and portray them (E) legitimate subjects for literature and to portray them Explanation of Question 79 When the verb consider is used to mean "regard" or "deem," it can be used more economically without the to be of choice A; should be in choice B, as being in choice C, and as if in choice D are used unidiomatically with this sense of consider, and D carries the unwarranted suggestion that Sand is somehow viewing the rural poor hypothetically. Choice E, therefore, is best: each of the other choices inserts an unnecessary, unidiomatic, or misleading phrase before legitimate subjects. Moreover, A and B incorrectly use these rather than them as the pronoun referring to the poor. In C, portraying is not parallel with to consider. Only E has to portray, although not essential, to underscores the parallelism of portray and consider.

231. (T-4-Q3) Currently 26 billion barrels a year, world consumption of oil is rising at a rate of 2 percent annually. A. world consumption of oil is rising at a rate of B. the world is consuming oil at an increasing rate of C. the world’s oil is being consumed at the increasing rate of D. the rise in the rate of the world’s oil consumption is E. oil is consumed by the world at an increasing rate of 语语语语语Currently 26 billion barrels a year, world consumption of oil is rising at …

语语语 语语语语 语 语 语 语 1. 同位发要发修发发象有解发力， Currently 26 billion barrels a year发发其后的主发具有解发力。 2. is rising at a rate of 2 percent annually 语at an increasing rate of 2 percent of annually 语 不同的发发概念：前者指以某以 2%的发定速率增发，后者指以一个 2%的发增速率(语语)，后者发发上 发发。

语语语语语 A. Correct补 B. ①同位发要有解发力，26biliion barrels a year语 语 语 语 the world语②语语语语语at an increasing rate of 发发发发。 C. ①同位发要有解发力，26billion barrels语语语语oil语26billion barrels a year语语world consumption或者 D 语 the rise 语 语 eg. "50 degrees" would refer to a temperature."2 degrees per century" would refer to a rise/drop/change in temperature ②改发原意，B补 同 D. “the rise in X is SPECIFIC NUMBER” 是 发发 的 表 发 ， 可 以 发 the rise has been extremely www.chasedream.com

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rapid补 E. 补 C语①②，发被发发发也发得没有必要的冗发，直接world consumption of oil发 发。

232. (GWD-4-17) Although the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales have increased dramatically, its sales at restaurants open for more than a year have declined. A. the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales have increased dramatically, its B. the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales increased dramatically, its C. many new restaurants have recently been opened across the country and its sales increased dramatically, the restaurant company's D. having recently added many new restaurants across the country and with its sales increasing dramatically, the restaurant company's E. recently adding many new restaurants across the country and having its sales increase dramatically, the restaurant company's 语语 语语 语 Although the restaurant company has recently added … and its sales have increased … , its sales … have declined.

语语语 语语语语 语 语 语 语 平行发称 1. 语语语语语prep+doing, svo. doing的发发主发等于主句主发。 2. 语 语 语 语 语 its语 语 语 语 the restaurant company

语语语语语 A. Correct补 B. has recently added… and its sales increased 发发不平行，发生在同一发发且不同主发的事情发 发发全发发，并且前面是 has，后面是 have，发后面的have发不可省。 C. its指代模糊； many new restaurants have recently been opened没有体发出发作的发出者，使得 句意含糊。 D. having recently add 的发发主发发发是 the restaurant company ， 但 本 句 成 了 the restaurant company’s sales语with伴随状发发生发发不定，根据伴随主句的原发，发发是与主句发生发发一致 语 发发。 E. adding语having发发主发成了sales语语语having adding发发 adding语having had改发 having，发发的 更改引起句意的不合理

语语语语语 1. 位于句首的doing的发作发出者或者done的发作承受者，即发发分发的发发主发，等于主句主发。 doing…, SVO = S do done…, SVO = S be done www.chasedream.com

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2. Having done, SVO 非发发发发 的完成式－发发发生在主句前 3. 需要关注发发主发的几种短发： (1) prep+doing, SVO prep=in/by/for/after/in addition to (2) adj.+prep+n., SVO

233. (GWD-9-Q19) In many nations, criminal law does not apply to corporations, but in the United States today, a corporation commits a crime whenever one of its employees commits a crime, if the employee acted within the scope of his or her authority and if the corporation benefited as a result. A. a corporation commits a crime whenever one of its employees commits a crime, if the employee acted B. a corporation is committing a crime whenever one of its employees committed a crime, if those employees were acting C. corporations commit a crime whenever one of its employees does, on the condition that the employee acts D. corporations commit crimes whenever an employee of those corporations commit a crime, if it was while acting E. the corporation whose employees commit a crime, commits a crime, whenever the employee acted 语 语 语 语 语 … , but in the United States today, a corporation commits a crime whenever ..., if the employee acted ... and if the corporation benefited …

语语语 平行发称 补 补 补 补 1. 平行发称，GMAT中未划发部分与划发部分的平行发称多次出发，却也是容易忽略的考点。

语语语语语 A. Correct；虚发条件句从句+正常发气主句。 B. were acting补 补 acted语 语 benefited 发发those无所指，前面是one ； of its employees；未划发部 语语his or her authority发明主发发发是发数。 C. its语语语语语语corporations发复数不一致；on the condition that与后面的 if不平行。 D. an employee语commit主发不一致 ; an employee of those corporations表发的是一个 发工就发 于多个公司，发发不合理；根据发发含发it语 语 语 语 crime语acting的发发 主发是 it，不合理，且后面的his or her将无所指。 E. whenever语if不平行，发发 复发明发不如 A语语语the employee语 语 语 语 employees；全句主发之发 以一个逗号分开，使得句子不完整；the corporation第一次出发不发发用定冠发 the；发个commit a crime发 用，句式awkward补

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ChaseDream PREP2008 语语语语 Practice Test #2

语语语语语 可以发发his or her发发的表发在 GMAT发发正式的文体中也是接受的。

234. (GWD-3-Q28) The coyote is one of several recent ecological success stories: along with the white-tailed deer, the moose, and other species that are enlarging their natural domains, they have established themselves as supreme adapters in an era when the capability to adjust to the environmental changes wrought by human beings has created a whole new class of dominant large mammals. A. they have established themselves as supreme adapters in an era when the capability B. they have established themselves as being supreme adapters in an era when being able C. it has established itself as a supreme adapter in an era when to be able D. it has established itself as being a supreme adapter in an era when its ability E. it has established itself as a supreme adapter in an era when the ability 语 语 语 语 语 The coyote is …: along with…, it has established …when the ability …has created …

语语语 补补补 补 准确用发 1. being补 GMAT中常常是冗余的，冗余的情况基本是三种：多余、冒充as补补补to be补 而极少出发的正确 being的情况基本集中在发种：被发发名发eg. prep+being+done，发行发的被 发发发eg. is being done补 2. 语语语语语 be able to do be capable of doing have ability to do 语 ability of sb. to do have capability to do doing 语 capability of sb. to do doing

语语语语语 A. they have 发发 ：句首的 coyoto是 发 数，而且 the white-tailed deer语the moose都是 发 数，所以 与他发发发 的oyoto也发发是发数形式，并用it指代。 c B. ①语 语 语 语as being语being语语语being able to不如the ability发发。 C. 发然不定式能发作发名发发发并作发主发，但后面一般接系 has created，且形式上不如the 发发，而不是 ability发发。 D. as being 语 being 冗余 ； 由 于it 语语 语 the coyote 也 只 是 发 指 ， 所以 its ability 发 得是 具体 指代 了 语 illogical补 E. Correct补

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语语语语语 语 语 — from A Comphrehensive Grammar of English Language语 1、不定冠发发 指用法的限制：因发 a/an 的发指用法指的是某一发中任何一个具有代表性的成发。所以 any 语语语语 a/an语 语 语 语 语 a/an 不能用来表示那些属于整个发发的特性。 补 A tiger is becoming almost extinct.是发的，因发 extinct 是整个老虎发发的特性。 所以只能用 The tiger is/Tigers are becoming almost extinct. 2、零冠发的发指用法： 语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语语补 3、定冠发的发指用法： 语1）与发数名发短发发用：表示一个由典型的发品所代表的那个发发（本发属于发种用法） 语2）与复数名发短发发用：国籍名称、以形容发发中心发指一群人的名发短发(the unemployed)

235. (GWD3-Q22) On account of a law passed in 1933, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold gold in the form of bullion or coins, immigrants found that on arrival in the United States they had to surrender all of the gold they had brought with them. A. On account of a law passed in 1933, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold B. With a law passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold C. A law passed in 1933 that made it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen holding D. Because of a law passed in 1933 making it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold E. Due to a law being passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold 语语语语语Because of …, immigrants found that …

语语语 补补补 补 语语语语 语 语 语 语 1. 分发短发放在句中，就常出发发发 主发混乱，因发可能从发法上发同发可以向前或者向后修发。如本 补A发发。 2. 主发一致，划发部分末的主发一致同发又在发发发发中发，此发曾作发 GWD争发发，因发 hold的主 大家都没看到 发一 致发发。 3. make it adj./n. (for sb.) to do固定搭配。

语语语语语 A. ①hold语a United States citizen 主 发 不一致；② making放在句中 发 心修 发 ③ make it a crime that sb. do sth.搭配发发发发 ， a 是crime for sb. to do sth. B. ①hold语a United States citizen主发不一致；②发明法律法发的内容发发使用 doing；③make it a

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crime that sb. do sth.搭配发发发发 ， a 是crime for sb. to do sth.语语with短发做伴随状发，发发主发发 immigrants语 语 语 语 语 law是发 immigrants发有的，发发发发。 C. ①it指代不清，it可以指代不定式，但是不能指代holding发发的发在分发；正确的短发是 make it a crime for sb. to do，用 doing发发②法律法发发发使用 doing；；③A law passed in 1993 that… 有作发 immigrants同位发的歧发 D. Correct语Because of 发发 后面需要 发 跟核心原因， 发 里核心原因就是 law，所以允 发 （ 发prep1203发充发明，其中的D语语语because of moisture就不是核心原因） E. ①being冗余；②发明法律法发的内容发发 使用 doing；③由于due to放在句首有引发形容发短发的 歧发，在 GMAT中不放在句首

语语语语语 Gold Reserve Act语(From Wikipedia) "In order to end the 1930s general bank crisis, U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 6102 in 1933 and the Gold Reserve Act in 1934, which outlawed the circulation and private possession of United States gold coins for general circulation, with an exemption for collector coins. " The law ended in 1974.

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语语语语语 语prep1 170. Margaret Mead, the best-known anthropologist of the twentieth century, helped shape public opinion in such fundamentally important areas as attitudes toward children and families and the relative merits of competition and cooperation. 171. One of the primary distinctions between our intelligence and that of other primates may lie not so much in any specific skill as in our ability to extend knowledge gained in one context to new and different ones. 172. Introduced by Italian merchants resident in London during the sixteenth century, life insurance in England remained until the end of the seventeenth century a specialized contract between individual underwriters and their clients, typically ship owners, overseas merchants, or professional moneylenders. 173. The widely accepted big-bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since. 174. Often major economic shifts are so gradual as to be indistinguishable at first from ordinary fluctuations in the financial markets. 175. Experts estimate that ten times as much petroleum exists in such sources as tar sands, heavy oil, and perhaps even shale as conventional reservoirs. 176. For at least two decades before the Venetian artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo died in 1770, he had been the most admired painter in Italy. 177. In her 26 years in the forests of Gombe, Jane Goodall collected data that proved that chimpanzees exhibit the kind of curiosity by which new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from one to another by imitation and practice . 178. Last week local shrimpers held a news conference to take some credit for the resurgence of the rare Kemp's ridley turtle, saying that their compliance with laws requiring turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting adult sea turtles. 179. Unlike the independent candidacies of George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980, H. Ross Perot's independent run for the presidency in 1992 arose not from an unsuccessful effort to gain a major party nomination but from a desire to establish a viable third party in American politics.

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180. Noting that the Federal Reserve had raised a key short-term interest rate again last month, analysts said that they expected orders for durable goods to decline soon because rising interest rates make buying on credit more expensive. 181. The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling the increase of the previous year. 182. The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign—using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—that has convinced the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food. 183. Despite recent increases in sales and cash flow that have propelled automobile companies' common stocks to new highs, several industry analysts expect automakers, in order to conserve cash, to be more conservative than they have been in setting dividends . 184. Japan's abundant rainfall and the typically mild temperatures throughout most of the country have produced a lush vegetation cover and, despite the mountainous terrain and generally poor soils, have made it possible to raise a variety of crops. 185. Because the budget package in Congress promises a combination of higher taxes and reduced spending that may slow economic growth, many in the credit markets wonder whether the Federal Reserve will compensate and help the economy by keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even by pushing them lower. 186. Laos has a land area comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only 4 million people, many of whom are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north. 187. United States Senator Daniel Inouye was appointed to several posts within the Democratic party during his first term, including assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee. 188. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language. 189. Less successful after she emigrated to New York than she had been in her native Germany, photographer Lotte Jacobi nevertheless earned a small group of discerning admirers, and her photographs were eventually exhibited in prestigious galleries across the United States. 190. The thirteen original British colonies in North America, some formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, each had a written charter that set forth its form of government and the rights of the colonists. www.chasedream.com

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191. The loan company announced it would soon lend money to borrowers with proven records of not paying back their loans on time, a group, collectively known as the subprime lending market. 192. In 1988, the Council on Economic Priorities began publishing Shopping for a Better World, whose thesis was simple: consumers have the power to change companies by the simple expedient of refusing to buy. 193. New equipment and other improvements reduced the amount of time—from eleven hours in 1982 to six in 1988—workers needed to produce a ton of steel. 194. Whereas the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed and cannot be retracted from the skin, the yellow jacket’s stinger is comparatively smooth, and can therefore be pulled out and used again. 195. (GWD-7-Q13) Like the grassy fields and old pastures that the upland sandpiper needs for feeding and nesting when it returns in May after wintering in the Argentine Pampas, the bird itself is vanishing in the northeastern United States as a result of residential and industrial development and of changes in farming practices. 196. (T-9-Q26) There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used method has been to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them in the wall in mud mortar. 197. (GWD-8-Q20) The systematic clearing of forests in the United States created farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also caused erosion and very quickly deforested whole regions. 198. (GWD-1-Q23) Past assessments of the Brazilian rain forest have used satellite images to tally deforested areas, where farmers and ranchers have clear-cut and burned all the trees, but such work has not addressed either logging, which removes only selected trees, or surface fires that burn down individual trees but do not denude the forest. 199. (GWD5-Q4) The Quechuans believed that all things participated in both the material level and the mystical level of reality, and many individual Quechuans claimed to have direct contact with the latter by means of an ichana (dream) experience. 200. (T-3-Q14) A scrub jay can remember when it cached a particular piece of food in a particular place, researchers have discovered, and tends not to bother recovering a perishable treat stored long enough to have rotted. 201. (GWD30-Q4) The three women, liberal activists who strongly support legislation in favor of civil rights and environmental protection, have consistently received the unqualified support of labor . 202. (GWD-27-Q7) Providing initial evidence that airports are a larger source of pollution than they www.chasedream.com

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were once believed to be, environmentalists in Chicago report that the total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles at O’Hare International Airport is twice that emitted annually by all motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area. 203. (T-4-Q29) In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls. 204. (T-9-Q16) The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his “Essay on Heat and Light,” a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found. 205. (T-9-Q15) The commission’s office of compliance, inspections, and investigations plans to intensify its scrutiny of stock analysts to investigate not only whether research is an independent function at brokerage firms, but also whether conflicts result when analysts own the stocks they write about or when they are paid for their work by a firm’s investment banking division. 206. (GWD-21-Q29) While studying the genetic makeup of corn, Barbara McClintock discovered a new class of mutant genes, a discovery that led to greater understanding of cell differentiation. 207. (T-4-Q30) Unlike the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which were capable of carrying sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries for their short flights, a permanently orbiting space station will have to generate its own electricity. 208. (GWD-11-40) Scientists who studied the famous gold field known as Serra Pelada concluded that the rich lode was produced not by the accepted methods of ore formation but by swarms of microbes that over millions of years concentrated the gold from jungle soils and rivers and rocks. 209. (T-3-Q7) In Scotland, the wild salmon’s numbers have been reduced by uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting, by pollution, and by various other threats to the fish’s habitat. 210. (GWD-1-Q2) By merging its two publishing divisions, the company will increase to 10 percent from 6 percent its share of the country's $21 billion book market, which ranges from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks. 211. (GWD-8-Q39) Whereas in mammals the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes form a random pattern. 212. (GWD-10-Q1) According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association of American Medical Colleges, minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on practicing in socioeconomically deprived areas. 213. (GWD-3-Q34) Shoppers in sporting goods stores, unlike those in department stores, do very www.chasedream.com

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little impulse shopping; someone who comes in for a basketball will leave with a basketball only and not buy a pair of skis and a boomerang as well. 214. (T-9-Q31) Scholars who once thought Native American literatures were solely oral narratives recorded by missionaries or anthropologists now understand this body of work to consist of both oral literatures and the written works of Native American authors, who have been publishing since 1772. 215. (GWD-3-Q3) A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits. 216. (T-3-Q39. 语 语 -7-39) Plants are more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon, in the form of carbon dioxide, and converting it to energy-rich sugars. 217. (T-3-Q17. 语语-7-14) Not one of the potential investors is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were not to be concluded. 218. (GWD7-Q4) Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the maneater of the movies—fewer than have been killed by bee stings. 219. (GWD-12-Q20) Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established the Library of Congress. 220. (GWD-24-8) The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling over the last two years. 221. (GWD-12-Q34) In an attempt to guarantee the security of its innovative water purification method, the company required each employee to sign a confidentiality agreement prohibiting disclosure of its water purification methods to any company using an analogous purification process. 222. (GWD-1-Q34) Although people in France and the United States consume fatty foods at about the same rate, the death rates from heart disease are far lower in France. 223. (GWD-23-Q23) After several years of rapid growth, the health care company became one of the largest health care providers in the metropolitan area, but then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in paying doctors and hospitals. 224. (GWD-12-Q13) Although energy prices have tripled in the United States over the last two years, research indicates that few people have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do or made fuel efficiency a priority when shopping for cars. www.chasedream.com

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225. (GWD-1-Q24) By sucking sap from the young twigs of the hemlock tree, the woolly adelgid retards tree growth, causing needles to change color from deep green to grayish green and to drop prematurely. 226. (GWD-3-Q1) The four-million-year-old fossilized skeleton known as Lucy is so small compared with many other skeletons presumed to be of the same species that some paleontologists have argued that Lucy represents a different lineage. 227. (GWD-3-Q41) In ancient Thailand, much of the local artisans' creative energy was expended on the creation of Buddha images and on construction and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined. 228. (GWD-8-Q2) Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk produced a body of work that was rooted in the stride-piano tradition of Willie (The Lion) Smith and Duke Ellington, yet in many ways he stood apart from the mainstream jazz repertory. 229. (T-9-Q34) Just as an archaeologist needs a background in art history to evaluate finds of ancient art, so a nautical archaeologist needs specialized knowledge of the history and theory of ship design in order to understand shipwrecks. 230. (T-4-Q4) A novelist who turned away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, Selma Lagerlöf became in 1909 the first woman and also the first Swedish writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. 231. (T-9-Q38) The globalization of financial-services companies has been a boon to money launderers, because it allows money placed in a bank in a less regulated jurisdiction to be transferred to a branch in a more regulated one. 232. (TTGWD4-Q1)The Acoma and Hopi are probably the two oldest surviving Pueblo communities, both dating back at least a thousand years. 233. (GWD-12-Q32) Prospecting for gold during the California gold rush was a relatively easy task, since erosion, prehistoric glacier movement, and ancient, gold-bearing riverbeds thrust to the surface by volcanic activity put gold literally within reach of anybody with a pan or shovel. 234. (GWD-24-36) The Industrial Revolution, which made possible the mass production of manufactured goods, was marked by the use of new machines, new energy sources, and new basic materials. 235. (GWD-9-Q1) A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer's Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by a Black American—the others being Richard Wright's Native Son and Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man.

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236. (GWD-1-Q8) The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whales and in fact include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting pods. 237. (GWD-8-Q16: GWD-13-15) Concerns about public health led to the construction between 1876 and 1904 of three separate sewer systems to serve metropolitan Boston. 238. (GWD-4-4) A new hair-growth drug is being sold for three times the price, per milligram, that the drug's maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient. 239. (GWD-12-Q3) Were it not for the fusion-powered heat and radiation that rush from its core, a star would collapse under its own weight. 240. (GWD-12-Q30) According to public health officials, in 1998 Massachusetts became the first state in which more babies were born to women over the age of thirty than under it. 241. (GWD-9-Q39) Over 75 percent of the energy produced in France derives from nuclear power, whereas nuclear power accounts for just over 33 percent of the energy produced in Germany . 242. (GWD-1-Q38) Retail sales rose 8/10 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter. 243. (GWD-10-Q8) Sulfur dioxide, a major contributor to acid rain, is an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system's ability to deal with all other pollutants. 244. (GWD-10-Q39) A government advisory committee in Japan called for the breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, the world's largest telephone company, into two local phone companies and one long-distance provider. 245. (GWD-18-Q11) In no other historical sighting did Halley's comet cause such a worldwide sensation as in its return of 1910–1911. 246. (GWD-9-Q27) Scientists have identified an asteroid, 2000 BF19, that is about half a mile wide and that, if it were to strike Earth, could do tremendous damage to part of the planet but would probably not cause planetwide destruction. 247. (GWD-3-Q39) Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less, get better gas mileage, allow passengers to get in and out more easily, and have a smoother ride. 248. (GWD-9-Q32) The United States minted about 857 million silver-colored “Susan B. Anthony” dollars between 1979 and 1981, but the coin proved unpopular because it looked and felt too much like a quarter. www.chasedream.com

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249. (GWD-10-Q36:GWD-11-19) In Hungary, as in much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many of them in middle management and light industry. 250. (GWD30-Q29) Researchers agreed that the study of new treatments for heart attack patients was extremely important but that more research was needed to determine whether balloon angioplasty preceded by ultrasound is any better for heart attack patients than the balloon procedure by itself. 251. (GWD-1-Q29) Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election has estimated that 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted. 252. (GWD7-Q1) Although producer prices rose at an unexpectedly steep rate in September, analysts said that the increase resulted mostly from temporary factors and did not necessarily foreshadow a resurgence of inflation. 253. (GWD 4-Q13) A leading figure in the Scottish enlightenment, Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism what Marx's Das Kapital is to socialism. 254. (GWD-29-Q36) Section 301 of the 1988 Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act enables the United States Trade Representative to single out a country as an unfair trader, begin trade negotiations with that country, and, if the negotiations do not conclude to the United States government's satisfaction, impose sanctions. 255. (GWD-12-Q19) Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear. 256. (T-4-Q1 TS-7-41) Scientists have dated sharp-edged flakes of stone found in the fine-grained sediments of a dry riverbed in the Afar region of Ethiopia to between 2.52 and 2.60 million years ago, pushing back by more than 150,000 years the earliest date at which humans are known to have made stone tools. 257. (GWD6-Q30) Though subject to the same wild-animal control efforts that killed off almost all the wolves in North America over the past century, the coyote, because of its amazing ability to adapt to the presence of humans, has been able to expand its range into Alaska and Central America. 258. (GWD-9-Q2) In an attempt to produce premium oysters, a firm in Scotland has developed a prototype of a submersible oyster farm that sits below the surface of the ocean and provides ideal conditions for the mollusks' growth.

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语prep2 152. Unlike Schoenberg, whose twelve-tone system dominated the music of the postwar period, Bartók founded no school and left behind only a handful of disciples. 153. For centuries, people on sea voyages washed their clothes by placing the dirty laundry in a strong cloth bag, tossing it overboard, and letting the ship drag the bag for hours. 154. Nowhere in early American literature is the influence of Jane Austen more apparent than in the novels of James Fenimore Cooper. 155. With surface temperatures estimated at minus 230 degrees Fahrenheit, Jupiter's moon Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, its 60 square miles of water thought to be frozen from top to bottom. 156. Deborah Aguiar-Velez, founder of Sistemas Corporation, has written a computer textbook in Spanish so that people who speak Spanish do not have to rely on translations from English. 157. The striking differences between the semantic organization of Native American languages and that of European languages, in both grammar and vocabulary, have led scholars to think about the degree to which differences in language may be correlated with nonlinguistic differences. 158. Sales of wines declined in the late 1980s, but they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease 159. The first detailed study of magpie attacks in Australia indicates that by the time they reached adulthood, 98 percent of men and 75 percent of women born in the country had been attacked by the birds. 160. Once designed with its weight concentrated in a metal center, the discus used in track competition is now lined with lead around the perimeter, thereby improving stability in flight and resulting in longer throws. 161. Deserts are inhabited by several distinct animal species, each with its own method of adapting to long periods of moisture shortage. 162. Orb-weaving spiders such as the argiope build webs that are essentially wheel-like, with an outer rim and a number of spokes emanating from the hub. 163. Because the new maritime code provides that even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas, it has already stimulated international disputes over uninhabited islands.

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164. Mixed with an equal part of water, ethylene glycol, a compound commonly used as an automotive antifreeze, is effective at temperatures as low as –30 degrees Fahrenheit. 165. Some scientists have been critical of the laboratory tests conducted by the Federal Drug Administration on the grounds that the amounts of suspected carcinogens fed to animals far exceed those that humans could consume. 166. The period when the great painted caves at Lascaux and Altamira were occupied by Upper Paleolithic peoples has been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine is the use to which primitive peoples put the caves, the reason for their decoration, and the meaning of the magnificently depicted animals. 167. On August 13, 1868, the warship U. S. S. Wateree, anchored in the harbor of Arica, off the coast of what is now northern Chile, rode on the crest of a tsunami (seismic sea wave) and came to rest in the Atacama Desert, some three miles up the coast and almost two miles inland from its initial anchorage. 168. (GWD-18-Q18) The first shots of the American Revolution, fired at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, were, according to legend, heard around the world, but news of these shots took four days by swift messenger to reach New York City and another eleven days to reach Charleston, South Carolina. 169. (GWD-3-Q11) Retailers reported moderate gains in their November sales, as much because their sales a year earlier had been so bad as because shoppers were getting a head start on buying their holiday gifts. 170. (GWD21-Q12) Birds known as honeyguides exhibit a unique pattern of behavior: the bird leads another animal, such as a honey-badger or a human, to a bees’ nest by chattering as it flies ahead; after the larger animal takes honey, the bird eats the wax and bee larvae. 171. (GWD-10-Q2:GWD-11-10) Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience. 172. (GWD7-Q40) Since February, the Federal Reserve has raised its short-term interest rate target five times, and because of the economy's continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will be raised again in November. 173 (GWD-10-Q18) In analyzing campaign expenditures, the media have focused on the high costs and low ethics of campaign finance, but they have generally overlooked the cost of actually administering elections, which includes facilities, transport, printing, staffing, and technology. 174. (GWD-30-Q30) An exceptionally literate people, Icelanders publish more books per capita than www.chasedream.com

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do the people of any other nation. 175. (GWD-9-Q3) With the cost of wireless service plummeting in the last year and mobile phones becoming increasingly common, many people are now using their mobile phones to make calls across a wide region at night and on weekends, when numerous wireless companies provide unlimited airtime for a relatively small monthly fee. 176. (GWD17-Q12) Mauritius was a British colony for almost 200 years, but except in the domains of administration and teaching, the English language was never really spoken on the island. 177. (T-4-Q12) For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, Holstein cows will produce an average of 2,275 gallons of milk each per year. 178. (GWD-1-Q21) The discovery of twenty-one ceramic dog figurines during the excavation of a 1,000-year-old Hohokam village in Tempe, Arizona, has nearly doubled the number of these artifacts known to exist. 179. (GWD-9-Q15) Dressed as a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff, Deborah Sampson, the first woman to draw a soldier's pension, joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve. 180. (GWD-11-39) For global managers working with overseas clients, understanding cultural norms is at least as important as grasping the pivotal business issues. 181. (GWD-24-38) In January 1994 an oil barge ran aground off the coast of San Juan, Puerto Rico, and its cargo of 750,000 gallons leaked into the ocean, polluting the city's beaches. 182. (GWD-18-Q17) Rivaling the pyramids of Egypt or even the ancient cities of the Maya as an achievement, the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang, China's first emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete. 183. (GWD-6-Q22) Very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane when he attempted his solo transatlantic flight, Charles Lindbergh refused to carry even a pound of mail, despite being offered $1,000 to do so. 184. (GWD-10-Q41) In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad, a work that took him seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced the greatest translation in any language. 185. (GWD-8-Q41) When drive-ins were at the height of their popularity in the late 1950s, some 4,000 existed in the United States, but today there are fewer than one-quarter as many. 186. (GWD-6-Q41) The greatest road system built in the Americas prior to the arrival of Christopher www.chasedream.com

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Columbus, the Incan highway was over 2,500 miles long, extending from northern Ecuador through Peru to southern Chile. 187. (GWD-1-Q32) To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic determinants of fertility. 188. (GWD-7-Q33) The health benefits of tea have been the subject of much research; besides possibly preventing or inhibiting some forms of cancer, the brewed leaves of Camellia sinensis may also play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. 189. (GWD3-Q30) Today’s technology allows manufacturers to make small cars that are more fuelefficient than those at any other time in production history. 190. (GWD-28-Q24) Until the passage of the Piracy and Counterfeiting Amendments Act in 1982, a first-time charge of copyright infringement was merely a misdemeanor charge; therefore, federal prosecutors were unlikely to pursue criminal copyright infringers, and offenders were subject to relatively small penalties. 191. (GWD-10-Q24) For the last five years the Dutch economy has grown faster than the economies of Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained well below that of the other three countries. 192. (GWD-7-Q20) The first trenches cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arose simultaneously with but independently of the more celebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq. 193. (T-3-Q2) The honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed and stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes the bee to sustain a fatal injury. 194. (GWD-11-32) Since 1975 so many people have been moving to Utah that the Mormons, who once represented 75 percent of the population, now account for only half . 195. (GWD-24-Q19) In archaeology, there must be a balance among explaining the value and workings of archaeology, revealing the mysteries of past and present cultures, and promoting respect for archaeological sites. 196. (GWD-1-Q41) Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, was a wellestablished method of mineral extraction as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process. 197. (GWD-1-Q16) Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than in any previous election.

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198. (GWD-18-Q31) Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950. 199. (GWD-1-Q19) Recently physicians have determined that stomach ulcers are

caused not by

stress, alcohol, or rich foods, but by a bacterium that dwells in the mucous lining of the stomach. 200. (GWD-6-Q8) Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are almost certain to leave interest rates unchanged for the foreseeable future. 201. (T-3-Q18) Spanish poet Juan Ramón Jiménez, who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1956, was so embarrassed in his later years by what he considered the excessive sentiment in the poems in his first two collections that he destroyed every copy he could find. 202. (GWD-3-Q27) Pennsylvania was once a predominantly grain-producing state, but competition in the mid-nineteenth century from large western farms gradually caused the state’s farmers to turn to livestock raising. 203. (GWD-9-Q26) Growing evidence that coastal erosion occurs continuously, not just in calamitous bursts such as hurricanes, has led scientists and planners to urge a stringent new approach to limiting development along the nation's shoreline. 204. (GWD-8-Q23) A New York City ordinance of 1897 regulating the use of bicycles mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and granted pedestrians right-of-way. 205. (GWD-9-Q17) Unlike most other mergers in the utility industry, which have been driven by the need to save money and extend companies’ service areas, the merger of the nation’s leading gas company and leading electric company is intended to create a huge network for marketing the utilities in question as states open their utility markets to competition. 206. (GWD-13-30) For the first time in the modern era, non-Hispanic Whites are officially a minority in California, amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly threequarters a decade ago. 207. (GWD-24-34) The study of the fruit fly, a household nuisance but a time-honored experimental subject, has enabled scientists to begin to unravel the secrets of how embryos develop. 208. (GWD-24-17) The yield of natural gas from Norway's Troll gas field is expected to increase annually until the year 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day, an extraction rate that will allow at least 50 years' production. 209. (GWD-10-Q21) Despite the growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to www.chasedream.com

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automatic teller machines, many travelers will still use travel agents. 210. (GWD-12-Q31) Emily Dickinson’s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber her letters to anyone else. 211. (GWD-5-Q34) Many entomologists say that campaigns to eradicate the fire ant in the United States have failed because the chemicals that were used were effective only in wiping out the ant's natural enemies, thus making it easier for the ant to spread. 212. (GWD-26-Q23) Trans World Entertainment Corporation, which owns the Record Town and Saturday Matinee retail chains, announced it was closing up to one fourth of its stores because of poor sales. 213. (GWD-30-Q2) Caribou are wary animals with excellent hearing, so to stalk them over the treeless landscape and get close enough to kill one with nothing but a handheld lance, as Dorset people did, required exceptional hunting skill. 214. (GWD-8-Q1:GWD-13-13) As secretary of labor, Frances Perkins used her considerable influence with Franklin D. Roosevelt to prevent him from restraining strikes by longshoremen and automobile workers. 215. (GWD-31-Q28) Rock samples taken from the remains of an asteroid about twice the size of the 6-mile-wide asteroid that eradicated the dinosaurs have been dated at 3.47 billion years old and thus are evidence of the earliest known asteroid impact on Earth. 216. (GWD-13-1) Although she had been known as an effective legislator first in the Texas Senate and later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which were televised nationwide. 217. (GWD-8-Q11) There are no legal limits, as there are for cod and haddock, on the size of monkfish that can be caught, a circumstance that contributes to their depletion through overfishing. 218. (T-4-Q33) In attempting to solve the problems caused by a lowering of the price of oil, oil companies operating in the North Sea have taken a variety of approaches, which include reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently from smaller fields, and finding innovative ways to cut the cost of building and operating platforms. 219. (GWD-8-Q34: GWD-13-28) Fossils of the arm of a sloth, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, have been dated at 34 million years old, making the sloth the earliest known mammal on the Greater Antilles islands. 220. (GWD-6-Q31) That some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly while others look quite www.chasedream.com

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dissimilar highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely that they vary considerably on a spectrum of genetic relatedness. 221. (GWD-7-Q2) The first commercially successful drama to depict Black family life sympathetically and the first play by a Black woman to be produced on Broadway, Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award in 1959 and was later made into both a film and a musical. 222. (GWD-12-Q14) In 1914 a total of 469,000 cars and trucks were produced in the United States, but in 1929 almost twice that number of trucks alone came off the assembly lines. 223. (T-4-Q16) Humans have been damaging the environment for centuries by overcutting trees and farming too intensively, and though some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, were taken decades ago, great increases in population and in the intensity of industrialization are causing a worldwide ecological crisis. 224. (GWD-8-Q17) Fossils of a whale that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and was subsequently butchered by hominids have been recovered by paleontologists. 225. (GWD-3-Q39) Minivans carry as many as seven passengers, and compared with sport utility vehicles, most cost less, get better gas mileage, allow passengers to get in and out more easily, and have a smoother, more car-like ride. 226. (GWD-4-34) Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on the cultivation of such crops as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and seafood, and the exploitation of other wild and domestic resources. 227. (GWD-7-Q3) The state has proposed new rules that would set minimum staffing levels for nurses, rules intended to ensure that at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients put through triage in a hospital emergency room. 228. (GWD-5-Q1) So dogged were Frances Perkins' investigations of the garment industry, so persistent her lobbying for wage and hour reform, that, Alfred E. Smith and Franklin D. Roosevelt recruited Perkins to work within the government, rather than as a social worker. 229. (GWD-6-Q18) Today, more than 43 percent of Californians under the age of eighteen are Hispanic, compared with about 35 percent a decade ago. 230. (GWD-8-Q32) At the annual stockholders meeting, investors heard a presentation on the numerous challenges facing the company, among them the threat of a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the decline in sales of the company’s powerful microprocessor chip. 231. (T-4-Q3) Currently 26 billion barrels a year, world consumption of oil is rising at a rate of 2 percent annually. www.chasedream.com

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