Chapter Eight: Hebrew Imperative, Cohortative and Jussive

Chapter 

8 The Imperative Mood

‫ם‬            ‫ש‬            ‫ב‬           

‫י‬‫ִו ּו‬‫צ‬ 

The Usage of the Hebrew Imperative Mood 8.1 Like the English Imperative, the Hebrew Imperative Mood is used:

‫ו‬            ‫ר‬            ‫ב‬           

• • • •

.

to to to to

express a direct command or request; issue instruction, permission or exhortation; beg for an answer; seek for a direction.

8.2 All of these are general usage of the Imperative. Prohibition in Hebrew is also issued in the Imperative Mood. d e si v er yr a u n a J 1 1 0 2 n

‫ב‬

a ‫ר‬

H

‫ו‬

n ‫ך‬

      ‫ה‬       ‫ה‬       ‫שש‬       

ef ‫ם‬

f S

et

8.3 The Hebrew language allows the use of other ways to express a sense of  immediate, specific commands by placing ‫ָל‬‫א‬  before a verb in the Imperfect Tense.

Hebrew Verbal System 

2 

8.4 Form of the Imperative a. Like many Indo-European Indo-European languages, the subject of the the Hebrew Imperative sentence could only be uttered or written in the second person both genders: singular as well as plural in the conjugation for the Imperative Mood, hence the pronominal afformatives would be confined to (  you lady second lady second person feminine singular, masculine plural and feminine plural; but  you man second man second person masculine singular assumes zero vowel sufformative conjugation). Therefore what we have is: Conjugation for the Imperative is limited to second person both genders, singular and plural.

‫נה‬"‫יו‬

b. A distinction between between dynamic and stative stative verbs shall shall be made in the Qal Imperative Mood, the Qal Imperfect Tense and the Qal Perfect Tense. ‫ב‬ ‫ר‬ ‫ו‬ ‫ך‬ ‫ב‬ ‫ש‬ ‫ם‬

c. There would be no more distinction distinction between dynamic dynamic and stative stative verbs in non-Qal binyanim . d. An Imperative may precede a verb in the Imperfect Tense or Cohortative Mood, a construction that will create a purpose or result clause. In this case, the Imperfect Tense will be marked with the conjunction ‫ ְו‬and enjoys a similar sense like "so that" in English. e. Multiple Imperative Imperative verbs may occur in succession. The The context and backdrop of communication shall determine whether or not . d e si v er yr

NOTE: a u n

Usually, Hebrew grammar textbooks explained that the Imperative mood is formed by removing from the Imperfect Tense the pronominal prexes of the second person, singular and plural, both genders. Be that as it may. Since the basic vowel scheme of the Imperative of all stems are really the same as the innitive construct of each binyan , it is far more logical and natural to teach that the Hebrew Imperative would be formed by adding personal preformatives to the Innitive Construct of each derived stem of the verb.

a J 1 1 0 2 n ‫ב‬

a ‫ר‬

H ‫ו‬

n ‫ך‬

ef

‫ם‬

‫ב‬ ‫ש‬

S

et

f

ּ

CHAPTER EIGHT: The Imperative Mood  ‫ִווי‬‫צ‬

they are related consequentially or sequentially. f. A verb in the the Imperative Mood may be followed by a verb in the Perfect Tense with Waw Conversive. The Perfect verb, in this case, may carry the full force of the preceding Imperative. g. In situation where the use of the the Imperative might not be suitable, at times, as it could be considered as an impolite expression, the Imperative Mood could be replaced by the use of the Imperfect Tense. In the ‫ך‬"‫( תנ‬the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament) the Infinitive Absolute is used in such cases. 8.5 Default vowels of the Imperative The scheme of default vowels for the Imperative patterns after the Infinitive Construct of each ‫בניין‬, both the strong and weak verbs as well as monosyllable verbs. In a way, the the Imperative and the Imperfect are the Infinitive deritives.

           

‫ר‬ ‫ו‬   ‫ך‬

   ‫ב‬    ‫ש‬    ‫ם‬

‫ב‬

 r  a  u  n  a  J  1  1  0  2  n  a  H  n    ef  f    et  S

8.6 The Qal Imperative Verb in Qal Imperative Mood A sample of default vowels using the root: ‫ְׁמר‬ ‫ש‬ totes the same pair of vowels as the yoke used in Qal Infinitive ‫עָתִּיד‬ ‫מי לִבְּנות צִווי‬ Construct [○ ֹ +○ְ ] (‫ָא‬ׁ‫ ְו‬‫ש‬ ְ +‫ֵר‬‫ס‬  ָ‫ח‬  ‫ָם‬‫ל‬ ֹ‫)חו‬, ‫ּשְׁמר‬-ִ‫ת‬ ‫שְׁמר‬ ‫אַתָּה שְׁמר‬ as the vowels expressed in the ‫ּשְׁמְרִי‬-ִ‫אְַתּ שְׁמר שִׁמְרִי ת‬ word ‫ֹת‬‫ְנו‬‫ב‬ ִּ‫ל‬  to build  where the ְ to  is the prosthetic ‫ּשְׁמְרו‬-ִ‫אַתֶּם שְׁמר שִׁמְרו ת‬ consonant ‫ל‬ ‫ּש‬-ִ‫אַתֶּן שְׁמר שְׁמרְנָה ת‬ preposition for Infinitive Construct ‫ְׁמרְנָה‬ in Hebrew, somewhat like the full Infinitive in the English language which employs the preposition to  to depict the Infinitve: to sing, to walk , etc. The Infinitive Construct in ְ , especially so Hebrew, however, may be used without the preposition ‫ל‬ in Biblical Hebrew.

3 

Hebrew Verbal System 

4 

8.7 A comparative scrutiny of the default vowel scheme in the Qal Infinitive Construct, the Qal Imperative and the Qal Imperfect Tense for the word ‫מֹר‬  ְ‫ש‬ ׁ , as a sample, would be enlightening.

8.8 The Qal Imperative: (i) would load the same pair of default vowels the combination of  [○ ֹ +○ְ ] (‫ֵר‬‫ס‬  ָ‫ח‬  ‫ָם‬‫ל‬  ֹ‫חו‬+‫ָא‬‫ו‬ ְ‫ש‬ ׁ ), which is identical with the pair of  vowels used in Qal Infinitive Construct. (ii) The deuce would be used in all strong verbs as well as weak verbs. Only verbs headed by a weak consonant would it be  ]( affected by the presence of contiguous [ ְ○○ ), thus the [○ ) rules shall be b e applicable. Meanwhile, the pillion, stem ְ]( syllable would schlep the vowel [ ○ ֹ ] ( ‫ֵר‬‫ס‬  ָ‫ח‬  ‫ָם‬‫ל‬  ֹ‫ )חו‬as stem vowel ַ ] (‫ַח‬‫ת‬ ּ֫‫פ‬ ַּ ) as stem vowel for stative for dynamic verbs; and [ ○ verbs in the Qal Imperative, as a distinction between these two categories of versb.

‫ש ו וא ים‬

‫ש ו וא‬

‫היריק‬

(iii) In the preceding sampel of vowel template, template, the vowel [ ○ ) ִ]( under preformatives the , the pronominal preformatives, came about as a result of contiguous [ ְ○○  ] (‫)שוואים‬, that is when two coming together in a row, the first would be reduced to [○ ). For the [ ○ ִ] ( ְ ] (‫ )שווא‬under the pillion syllable, it is the result of conjugation by adding personal pronoun suffixes, the , to the verbal root ‫שמר‬, as shown in the sample, sample, which invoked the process of abdication of the hind consonant and shortening of the stem vowel. This occurs mostly in the vocalic sufformative conjugation.

‫ן‬”‫אית‬

‫ש ו ו א ים‬ ‫היריק‬

. d e si

‫נה‬”‫יו‬

v er yr a u n a J 1 1 0 2

8.9 When the head consonant of a root is a weak consonant, rules for contiguous shall be applicable to converse the [ ○ ְ ] (‫ָע‬‫נ‬ ‫ָא‬‫ו‬ ְ‫ש‬ ׁ)

‫ש ו ו א ים‬

n ‫ב‬

a ‫ר‬

H ‫ו‬

n ‫ך‬ ‫ב‬

ef ‫ם‬

S

f ‫ש‬

et

ּ

5 

CHAPTER EIGHT: The Imperative Mood  ‫ִווי‬‫צ‬

(vocal shewa) underneath the head consonant to a ‫ָא‬‫ו‬ ְ‫ש‬ ׁ ‫ָף‬‫ט‬ ֲ‫ח‬  (composite ֲ ] (‫ַח‬‫ת‬  ַ‫פ‬ ּ ‫ַף‬‫ט‬  ֲ‫ח‬  ) for [ ] (‫ִן‬‫ַי‬‫ )ע‬and [ ] (‫ֵית‬‫[ ;)ח‬○ֱ ] shewa) accordingly: [ ○ (‫ֹל‬‫ֶגו‬‫ס‬  ‫ַף‬‫ט‬  ֲ‫ח‬  ) for [‫ֶף( ]א‬‫ל‬  ָ‫א‬  ) and [‫ֵא( ]ה‬‫ה‬  ), at least most of the time.

‫ע‬

‫ח‬

8.10 Exception to this is rule would be [' ] (‫ֶד‬‫מ‬  ָ‫ל‬  ) verbs (‫ה‬"‫ל‬, ‫ע‬/‫ח‬"‫ל‬, ‫א‬"‫)ל‬ and the few standard irregular verbs. In the case of a ‫ע‬/‫ח‬"‫ ל‬verb, the stem vowel would be [ ○ ַ ] (‫ַח‬‫ת‬ ּ֫‫פ‬ ַּ ), as these verbs carried a ‫ָה‬‫ב‬  ‫נו‬‫ַח ְג‬‫ת‬ ּ֫‫פ‬ ַּ (pathach furtive) in the Infinitive Absolute. On the other hand, for ‫א‬"‫ל‬ (III- ) verbs in the Qal Imperative, the pillion or stem vowel will be lengthened to [○ ָ ] (‫)קמץ‬, as the vowels in the sample word: ‫א‬‫צ‬ ָ ‫מ‬ ְ ( you   you  go to ) find ou t. t.

‫ל‬

ּ ּ

‫א‬

8.11 Vowel patterns for the Imperative of all binyamin  would follow the two default vowels given in the Infinitive Construct of each respective binyan . As a general rule, the pillion or stem vowel is such that the active stem would take the vowel [ ○ ֵ ] (‫ֵי‬‫֫ר‬‫צ‬ ֵ )—including the Simple Passive binyan, Imperative of ' ‫ ל‬verb

‫ל ”ה‬

‫ע‬/ ‫ל ”ח‬

‫הִבָּנֵה‬ ‫גַלֵּה‬

           

  ‫ך‬

   ‫ב‬    ‫ש‬    ‫ם‬

‫ב‬ ‫ר‬ ‫ו‬

 r  a  u  n  a  J  1  1  0  2  n  a  H  n    ef  f    et  S

‫הִתְגַלֵּה‬ ‫הַגְלֵה‬

‫שַׁלַּח‬

‫ל ”א‬

Inf Con

stem

‫קְטל‬

‫קָטול‬ ‫נִקְטול‬ ‫הִקָּטול‬

‫הִמָּצֵא‬

‫הִקָּטֵל‬

‫מַצֵּא‬

‫קַטֵּל‬

‫קַטּול‬ ‫קֻטּׁל‬ ‫ הִתְקַטֵּל‬or ‫הִהתְִתקְַקטַטּלֵל‬

ֵ‫הַמְצ‬ ‫אי הַשְׁלַח‬ ‫הַקְטִיל הַמְצִי֫אִ הַשְׁלִ֫יחִי‬

Qal Niph’al Pi’el Pu’al Hithpa’el

‫הַקְטֵל‬

Hiphil

‫הָקְטֵל‬

Hophal

Hebrew Verbal System 

6 

the Niph’al—while the passive and stative verbs and the irregular verbs ַ ] (‫ )פתח‬as theme vowel as well as the III- ‫ע‬/‫ ח‬or ‫ע‬/‫ח‬"‫ל‬ would load [○ verbs where the ‫ָה‬‫ב‬  ‫ּנו‬‫ַח ְג‬‫ת‬ ּ֫‫פ‬ ַּ (pathach furtive) has been used in the ַ ] ( ‫ )פתח‬is also used in Qal Imperative Infinitive Absolute. The vowel [ ○ of Guttural I/II and Stative Verbs.

ּ

8.12 The Imperatives of non-Qal binyanim  generally load [ ○ ֵ ] (‫ )צרי‬as stem vowel for the Active , such as the Pi’el, Hithpa’el, Hiphil, and the Simple Passive the Niph’al. There is no Imperative in the Passive stems, except Niph’al, but as far as the theme vowel is concern, Niph’al Imperative is treated like an Active binyan  where a [○ ֵ ] (‫ )צרי‬is used. By binyan where the nature of the Passive binyanim  (the Pu’al, Hophal, even the Niph’al), binyanim (the it would be impossible to issue instruction or command in the passive inflection.

‫בנ י ינ ים‬

'‫ פ‬verbs ‫ע‬/ ‫צקוולי פ ”ח‬

‫ב‬ ‫ר‬ ‫ו‬ ‫ב‬ ‫ש‬ ‫ם‬

Imperative in

‫פ ”י‬

‫פ ”נ‬

‫פ ”א‬ ‫סר‬  ֹ ֱ‫א‬ ‫ֹל‬‫ֱכ‬‫א‬  ‫מר‬  ֹ ֱ‫א‬

‫מד‬  ֹ ֲ‫ע‬

‫ֵל‬‫צ‬  ָ‫ּנ‬‫ה‬ ִ

Stem

‫ל‬‫ט‬ ֹ ‫ק‬ ְ

Qal (dynamic) Qal (Stative)

‫ֹזק‬ֲ‫ח‬ ‫ֵב‬‫ז‬ ָ‫ֵע‬‫ה‬ 

‫ֵב‬‫ש‬ ׁ ‫ִָּו‬‫ה‬

‫ל‬‫ט‬ ֹ ‫ק‬ ְ

‫לב נ ו ת‬

‫ל‬‫ט‬ ֵ ‫ק‬ ָּ ‫ה‬ ִ

‫ל‬‫ט‬ ֵ ‫ק‬ ָּ ‫ה‬ ִ

Niph’al

‫ל‬‫ט‬ ֵּ ‫ק‬ ַ

‫ל‬‫ט‬ ֵּ ‫ק‬ ַ

Pi’el

. d e si v er

Pu’al

‫ֵל‬‫צ‬ ַּ‫ה‬  ‫ִי‬‫ל‬ ‫ִי‬‫צ‬ ַּ֫‫ה‬  ‫ִי‬‫י֫ב‬‫ש‬ ִׁ ‫ֹו‬ ‫ה‬ ‫ֵב‬‫ש‬ ׁ ‫ה ֹו‬

‫ל‬‫ט‬ ֵּ ‫ק‬ ַ ‫ת‬ ְִ‫ה‬  ‫ל‬‫ט‬ ֵּ ‫ק‬ ַ ‫ת‬ ְִ‫ה‬  ‫ט‬ ֵ ‫ק‬ ְ ‫ה‬ ַ ‫ִי‬‫י֫ד‬‫מ‬ ֲִ‫ע‬ ַ‫ה‬  ‫ י‬‫ל‬ ִ ֫‫י‬‫ט‬ ‫ל‬ ִּ ‫ק‬ ְ ‫ה‬ ַ ‫ִיל‬‫ט‬‫ק‬ ְ ‫ה‬ ַ ‫ֵד‬‫מ‬  ֲ‫ע‬  ַ‫ה‬ 

yr a

Hithpa’el u n a J 1 1 0

Hiphil 2 n ‫ב‬

a ‫ר‬

H

Hophal

‫ו‬

Hophal

n ‫ך‬ ‫ב‬

ef ‫ם‬

S

f ‫ש‬

et

ּ

CHAPTER EIGHT: The Imperative Mood  ‫ִווי‬‫צ‬ 

8.13 The guttural letters ‫ ←( אחהער‬read this way ) do not take ‫ דגש‬and the vowel beneath each one of them would cause changes to the vowel patterns in the by way of compensatory lengthening (cl), which allows the lengthening of the vowel under the preceding consonant as a compensation for not assigning a ‫ דגש‬to the host consonant, or virtual doubling (vd) where no lengthening of the vowel beneath the preceding consonant while having rejected the ‫דגש‬.

‫ניקודים‬

8.14 Once the student has learned up the vowel templates of the the Infinitive Construct of various binyanim  (seven in all), he would be able to manage binyanim (seven other patterns of the verb: the imperative, the jussive, the Cohortative, the imperfect, and the participle. Inflection of the Perfect tense is the least difficult pattern of the Hebrew verb.

8.15 The Cohortative Mood As for its meaning and usage, the Cohortative Cohortative is used by a speaker to express his own will or afrmatives determination, intention or desire to do a certain Plural Singular action, reflectively, in the first person, thus the ‫ָה‬---ְ‫נ‬ ‫ָה‬---ֶ‫א‬ Cohortative is conjugated for the first person only, both singular and plural, both genders, ֶ to embed the Infinitive Construct of a using the same set of affixes ‫ָה‬—‫א‬ root for all . The suffix [ ] (‫ֵא‬‫ה‬  ), however, would not be added to ‫ה‬"‫ ל‬verbs, as this category of the verbs would have already been given a [ ] (‫ֵא‬‫ה‬  ) by default and the consonant [ ] (‫ֵא‬‫ה‬  ) could not be doubled. The rule of propretonic reduction of the first vowel in pluralization is applicable as there would be a shift of accent in this case as the inflection involves adding vocalic sufformatives to the verbal root the ‫שורש‬. Whereas the prosthetic is one from the , being the preformative for the first person singular for both genders in the Imperfect Tense, and [ ] (‫ּן‬‫ )נו‬would be used for the first person plural.

‫בנ י ינ ים‬

‫ה‬

‫ה‬

           

  ‫ך‬

   ‫ב‬    ‫ש‬    ‫ם‬

‫ב‬ ‫ר‬ ‫ו‬

 r  a  u  n  a  J  1  1  0  2  n  a  H  n    ef  f    et  S

‫ה‬

‫א‬

‫נ‬

‫ן‬”‫אית‬

7 

Hebrew Verbal System 

8 

8.16 Under certain condition, the stem Sample of conjugation for vowel for Cohortative Cohortative could take the the Cohortative Mood ְ ] (‫ֹל‬‫ֶגו‬‫ ס‬such as before of a vowel [○ root ‫ב‬‫ת‬ ֹ ‫כ‬ ְ laryngeal in verbs). I  - -‫ָה‬--‫ָה‬‫ב‬  ‫ה‬ ְ ‫כ‬ ְ ‫א‬ ֶ ‫א‬ ֶ 8.17 ‫ָה‬--‫ָה‬‫ב‬  ‫ת‬ ְ ‫כ‬ ְ ‫ ִנ‬‫ ְנ‬We  - -These broad principles shall be applicable to all derived stems of the Hebrew verb: namely, the active and passive of Qal, Qal, the Intensive forms (the Pi'el) and the Causative Causative forms (the Hiphil), both the strong as well the weak verbs.

’‫ל‬

More samples of how Cohortative is used in the

‫ן‬”‫אית‬:

Genesis 31:44

‫ָה‬‫ת‬ ּ֫‫א‬ ָָ‫ו‬ ‫ִי‬‫נ‬ ֲ‫א‬ ‫ִית‬‫ר‬  ְ‫ב‬  ‫ָה‬‫ת‬  ְ‫ר‬  ְ‫כ‬  ִ‫נ‬

let us make a covenant, I and you (you and I). Nehemiah 2:18

‫ִינ ּו‬‫נ‬ ָ‫ּב‬‫ו‬ ‫ּם‬‫ו‬ ‫ָק‬‫נ‬ Let us rise up and build… Numbers 21:22

‫ך‬ ֶָ‫צ‬ ְ‫ר‬  ַ‫א‬  ְ‫ב‬  ‫ָה‬‫ר‬  ְ‫ב‬ ְּ‫ע‬  ֶ‫א‬  Let me pass through you land  8.18 The Jussive Mood Like the Cohortative, the Jussive is used to express a wish or a desire of the speaker but for the third person singular and plural both genders. Often it is used along side the particle ‫ָא‬‫נ‬ for greater emphasis. It has the same effect as the use of two of the English auxiliaries "let …" or "May…". . d e si v er yr a u n a J 1 1 0 2 n ‫ב‬

a ‫ר‬

H

Example: Genesis 16:5

‫ו‬

n ‫ך‬ ‫ב‬

ef ‫ם‬

S

f ‫ש‬

et

ּ

9 

CHAPTER EIGHT: The Imperative Mood  ‫ִווי‬‫צ‬

‫ֶיך‬‫נ‬ ‫ֵי‬‫ּב‬‫ו‬ ‫ִי‬‫נ‬ ‫ֵי‬‫ב‬ ּ ‫ָה‬‫ו‬ ‫ִה‬‫י‬ ‫ט‬‫פ‬ ֹּ ְ‫ש‬ ִׁ‫י‬

May the Lord judge between me and between you (between you and  I).

8.19 The great number of occurrence of verbs in the Jussive Mood in the come in the third person singular: but bu t a small portion of the Jussive come in the second person.

‫ך‬”‫תנ‬

8.20 The same principle of conjugation and The Jussive operative manner as those working in the ‫עָתִּיד‬ ‫צִווי‬ Cohortative Mood and the Imperative ‫שְׁמר‬ ‫שְׁמר‬-ִּ‫ת‬ would be applicable to the formation of  ‫שִׁמְרִי‬ ‫י‬-ִ‫שְׁמְר‬-ִּ‫ת‬ a verb into Jussive mood by adding to ‫שִׁמְרו‬ ‫ו‬-‫שׁמְר‬-ִּ‫ת‬ the root the pronominal prefix from the ‫ְנָה שְׁמרְנָה‬-‫שְׁמר‬-ִּ‫ת‬ for the third person singular and plural, which vowels are already given by defaults in the Infinitive Construct of each respective binyan.

‫ן‬”‫אית‬

           

‫ר‬ ‫ו‬   ‫ך‬

   ‫ב‬    ‫ש‬    ‫ם‬

‫ב‬

 r  a  u  n  a  J  1  1  0  2  n  a  H  n    ef  f    et  S

‫מי‬ ‫אַתָּה‬ ְּ‫אַת‬ ‫אַתֶּם‬ ‫אַתֶּן‬

Hebrew Verbal System 

10 

 .

      ‫ב‬       ‫ב‬       ‫נ‬        ‫נ‬       ‫י‬        ‫י‬       ‫י‬        ‫י‬       ‫ו‬        ‫ו‬

  s    n    l   e    a   w   y    n   o     i   v     b    t    l    h   u   c   a   a    f   e   e   f    d   o   e   t    h    t   c   u   r   e   r    t   a   s   p   n   o   m   C   o   e    C   i   v   :    t    d   i   o   n   o      n    I    M   e   e   h   v   t    i    t    f   a   r   o   e   t   p   a    t   m   h    I    t   e   h    h   i    T   w

   l   a        ‫ק‬ ַ ‫ק‬     ‫ל‬ ‫ל‬    Q     

  r   o   n   e   e   t   o   w   i   c   o   v    f   v   u    i    t    t    i    t    s    p   r   s    t    s    p   a   c    i    t   e      f    m    m      f   m   s   r   n   s      2      2   r   e   a      2      2   e       n   o   h   p   f   n   o    t   n   a    I    C   m  o    f    ְ    ‫ק‬ ‫ק‬    ‫ֹט‬    ‫ט‬         ‫ל‬      ‫ל‬

   l   a        ‫נ‬ ִ ‫נ‬    h        ‫פ‬ ְ ‫פ‬   p        ‫ע‬  ַ ‫ע‬    ’    i          ‫ל‬    N ‫ל‬

   ִ    ‫ה‬ ‫ה‬    ‫ק‬       ָ ‫ק‬ ּ    ‫ט‬     ֵ ‫ט‬     ‫ל‬      ‫ל‬

   l       ִ ‫פ‬ ּ   e    ‫פ‬    ’    ‫ע‬ ֵ ‫ע‬    i        P          ‫ל‬ ‫ל‬

   ַ    ‫ק‬ ‫ק‬    ‫ט‬       ֵ ‫ט‬ ּ     ‫ל‬      ‫ל‬

   l   a        ‫פ‬   ֻ ‫פ‬ ּ    ’    ‫ע‬      ַ ‫ע‬   u     ‫ל‬ ‫ל‬    P     

   ֻ    ‫ק‬ ‫ק‬     ‫ט‬    ‫ט‬     ֹּ     ‫ל‬      ‫ל‬

   l   e        ‫ה‬ ִ ‫ה‬    ’   a        ‫ת‬ ְ ‫ת‬   p        ‫פ‬      ַ ‫פ‬ ּ    h    t    ‫ע‬      ֵ ‫ע‬    i      ‫ל‬    H     ‫ל‬

   ִ    ‫ה‬ ‫ה‬    ‫ת‬     ְ ‫ת‬    ‫ק‬     ַ ‫ק‬    ‫ט‬       ֵ ‫ט‬ ּ     ‫ל‬      ‫ל‬

   l    ‫ה‬ ַ ‫ה‬    i        h        ‫פ‬ ְ ‫פ‬   p        ‫ע‬ ִ ‫ע‬    i    ‫י‬     ‫י‬    H          ‫ל‬ ‫ל‬

   ַ    ‫ה‬ ‫ה‬    ‫ק‬     ְ ‫ק‬    ‫ט‬     ִ ‫ט‬    ‫י‬     ‫י‬     ‫ל‬      ‫ל‬

   l   a    ‫ה‬ ָ ‫ה‬    h        ‫פ‬      ְ ‫פ‬   p     ַ ‫ע‬   o    ‫ע‬     ‫ל‬ ‫ל‬    H     

   ָ    ‫ה‬ ‫ה‬    ‫ק‬     ְ ‫ק‬    ‫ט‬     ַ ‫ט‬     ‫ל‬      ‫ל‬

  n    I    I   w  .   o   e    t    ‫ק‬     ְ ‫ ק‬   h    l    9   t    ‫ק‬ ִ ‫ ק‬       ‫ק‬ ִ ‫ק‬    ‫ק‬     ְ ‫ ק‬           ‫ֹ֫ט‬   t   e    ‫ט‬       u   r    1    ‫ט‬      ְ ‫ט‬    ‫ט‬      ְ ‫ט‬   s   :    ‫ֹט‬    ‫ט‬       n   a     ‫ל‬      ְ ‫ ל‬   i   e     ‫ל‬ ִ ‫ ל‬        ‫ל‬ ‫ל‬        2    ‫נ‬ ָ ‫נ‬     ‫ל‬      ‫ ל‬       e   r    ‫ו‬        ‫י‬ ‫י‬    ‫ ּו‬       ‫ה‬     ‫ ה‬   d   r    3   e   n   e   l   e   h   u   h    i    t    t   o   t    k    ‫ה‬     ִ ‫ ה‬   f    ‫ה‬ ִ ‫ה‬    ‫ה‬ ִ ‫ ה‬       ‫ה‬     ִ ‫ ה‬       ‫ק‬       ָ ‫ק‬ ּ   u   e   z    d    ‫ק‬   ָ ‫ק‬ ּ        ‫ק‬   ָ ֽ ‫ק‬ ּ   y   b   e    ‫ק‬       ָ ‫ק‬ ּ            ‫ט‬      ַ ‫֫ט‬   l    E    l    ‫ט‬ ְ ‫ ט‬       ‫ט‬ ְ ‫ט‬   w  ,    ‫ט‬     ֵ ‫ ט‬        ‫ל‬      ְ ‫ ל‬  a   o     ‫ל‬      ‫ל‬     ‫ל‬       ִ ‫ל‬   n    ‫נ‬      ָ ‫נ‬   m     ‫ל‬      ‫ ל‬       i    h    ‫ו‬    ‫י‬ ‫י‬    ‫ ּו‬      e    ‫ה‬     ‫ ה‬  m   s   r    t   o   s   e   s   n   n    ‫ק‬     ַ ‫ ק‬   t   a   o   b   r    f    ‫ק‬ ַ ‫ ק‬       ‫ק‬ ַ ‫ק‬    ‫ק‬     ַ ‫ ק‬           ‫ט‬       ֵ ‫ט‬ ּ ֫   o   o   d   e    ‫ט‬          ְ ‫ט‬ ּ    ‫ט‬          ְ ‫ט‬ ּ   n   v    ‫ט‬       ֵ ‫ט‬ ּ     ‫ל‬      ְ ‫ ל‬  n     ‫ל‬ ‫ל‬         ‫ל‬ ִ ‫ ל‬       ‫נ‬ ָ ‫ נ‬  e   e     ‫ל‬      ‫ ל‬       e   v   a   h    ‫ו‬        ‫י‬ ‫י‬    ‫ ּו‬       ‫ה‬     ‫ ה‬  r    i    8    t   :    t   a   a   9   r   e    4   d   r   e   u   p   h   n   a    *    *    *    *    t   a   m   a   I    i   e   n   l   m   i   v   a   e   s   y   ’   s    ‫ה‬     ִ ‫ ה‬   b   u   r   e   a    ‫ה‬      ִ ‫ה‬    ‫ה‬      ִ ‫ה‬    ‫ה‬     ִ ‫ה‬    ‫ת‬     ְ ‫ ת‬  e   P   J   p    ‫ת‬      ְ ‫ת‬    ‫ת‬      ְ ‫ת‬   v   e   n    ‫ת‬     ְ ‫ת‬    ‫ק‬     ַ ‫ ק‬   i    ‫ק‬ ַ ‫ ק‬       ‫ק‬ ַ ‫ק‬    i    d    ‫ק‬     ַ ‫ ק‬           ‫ט‬       ֵ ‫ט‬ ּ ֫   s    h   e   s    t    ‫ט‬          ְ ‫ט‬ ּ    ‫ט‬          ְ ‫ט‬ ּ    ‫ט‬       ֵ ‫ט‬ ּ   e   n     ‫ל‬      ְ ‫ ל‬  a    i     ‫ל‬ ‫ל‬         ‫ל‬ ִ ‫ ל‬       ‫נ‬ ָ ‫ נ‬  p   w   n     ‫ל‬      ‫ ל‬        ‫ו‬        ‫י‬ ‫י‬    ‫ ּו‬       ‫ה‬     ‫ ה‬  e   o   o   a  .   m    t   r    h   e   s    i   s   :   a   t   r    t   e   v   s    ‫ה‬ ַ ‫ ה‬   t   o   i    t    ‫ה‬     ַ ‫ ה‬       ‫ה‬ ַ ‫ ה‬      a   n   t   c   i   n    ‫ה‬     ַ ‫ ה‬       ‫ק‬ ְ ‫ ק‬   h    ‫ק‬ ְ ‫ ק‬       ‫ק‬ ְ ‫ ק‬      e   a    t    ‫ק‬     ְ ‫ ק‬      s    j        ‫ט‬      ֵ ‫֫ט‬   a    ‫ט‬      ִ ‫ט‬       ‫ט‬      ִ ‫֫ט‬   r    b   g    ‫ט‬     ֵ ‫ ט‬       ‫י‬ ‫֫י‬    ‫י‬     ‫ י‬       e     ‫ל‬ ְ ‫ ל‬  s   e   o   a    ‫נ‬ ָ ‫ נ‬  m   p   u     ‫ל‬      ‫ ל‬         ‫ל‬ ‫ל‬         ‫ל‬ ִ ‫ ל‬      s    d    ‫ו‬        ‫י‬ ‫ י‬       ‫ ּו‬       ‫ה‬ ‫ ה‬  r    d   m   o       ‫ת‬ ‫ת‬   I   e   e    f    ‫נ‬     ‫ נ‬   l    h    ”   a   t   m    b   r   r    ‫ך‬ ‫ך‬   h   s   o   e      e    f   p   e   o   s   r    *    *    *    *    V   h   a   e    *   T   H  c   p

‫ב‬ ‫ר‬ ‫ו‬ ‫ב‬ ‫ש‬ ‫ם‬

. d e si v er yr a u n a J 1 1 0 2 n ‫ב‬

a ‫ר‬

H ‫ו‬

n ‫ך‬ ‫ב‬

ef ‫ם‬

S

f ‫ש‬

et