Chapter 6 Relational Algebra and the Relational Calculus

October 14, 2017 | Author: Moheida Salman Sumail | Category: N/A
Share Embed Donate


Short Description

Download Chapter 6 Relational Algebra and the Relational Calculus...

Description

c           c   pp p

        

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

pp         

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

pp         

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

ppp  pppp p!"#pFundamentals of Database Systems, 5th edition,p$%&'(#p )pp***)*&+,),%-pp c  pp

pp

)p )p )p

)p )p )p

)p

º(p%p%%.p/ 0pp123 0p %p+p%%p4%pp%(p 5(p%p%%.p326!pp768662!p $%p%p%%p 9p%4p:pp%p+p 0p%p,,p 7%p%p,,p (p "*p:%p 9,p ,p++%(p

[   p p p p

%%p4%p%%p%p%p%p 5p4%ppp%p:pp75;p ºp%*p%pp%p%p*% p

p ppp%p+p4%-%,p ,%%p%?p>,%p"?p %p >+p?p>,%%p%?p>+p?p %   &p&p$+p4%pVp %    &p&p2p%4p@A#p>#p>A#p?#p?A#pBACp

%  " &p&p %p"p4%pp+p%p ,%p,%%p,p,%,p+(p$!7#p2#p!20p $,%p%4p/ 0.p $(p>,%p,%%?p(p%p,pptppVp +p+pp p 64p0º#pptpp,p p !%p%"%p4%p,%%p+p p

/ 0pp(p&pp%p%p%p 2%ppp%p,pp"(p

'()*c / 0p,p%p%*p4%pp%p*p,p%p ()*c    +     p !%%.p % &%  &˜ p p&p%p+p9%p*%pppp%p %  &p&p7p+p4%pp%pVp $,%p%4p123 0.p p p p p

%p,%p+p4%p>+p?p %p,pptppVp 6pp%ppp>+p?p %"p,pp

)4)#p,p%D,%p

,-     >?>?Vp %pp p>&p>?Vp

>? p

,. / !%%.p % &j˜

 ' 0˜

0p&pp%pVp%pSpp+p$p%p5p

% &j˜ 0p&pp%pVp%pSpp % &˜

 ' 0˜

0p&pp+p$p%p5p

')     %pVppSpp+p    .p p p

p+p%4p+p ,p,%%pp%4p+ppp%p

pp ) p

'#.[). %&j 6,pppppppVp pSp 7,ppp%"p

'[.c[). %&j 6,pppppp+%pVp pSp

'1[.c˜/[.#0 2j 6,pppppVp+p ppSp pp º!62!pp6!0 062!pp,%"pp%,"p 0p76! pp%p,%"p

''c [ .()1#c˜c)()1#c0  j $,%.p

p p p p

!*p%p %+p"(pp4%pVp*p"(pp4%pSp !+p%4ppAp!+p%4pppVp9p+p%4pppSp $+pApp$+p%4pV#p$+p%4pSpp

pp ) p 24p,p+(p/ 0p-%p123 0p

,       ,*)[. %+ppp4%p*%p%p%ppp%p 7%p+(p>?p !%%p 3%22 % &%    &jp %pV$#p$#p)))#p$ppS5#p5#p)))#p5p pQ$#p$#p)))#p$#p5#p5#p)))#p5pp%pp4%p,p,%+%p%4p#p%p4%p pp%p4%p#p*"pp,%+%p4p>D%p,%%?p %    &p&p>,%%?p$!7p>,%%?p$!7p)))p$!7p>,%%?p *p>,%%?pp$p>0E0$?p5D#p+p%4pVppS,p)#p*pp%p 24#p%p+ppp(p (ppp%ppp4%p (p,%%p%pp 326!pp p%p 2p127º 0p&p,%+%p%4pp4%pVppSp 326!pp  p%p 2p127º 0p&p,%+%p4p>D%p,%%?p 326!pp:"p%p/ 0pp 2p127º 0pp

,'3#[*)[. >D%p,%%?p"%"p%(pAp 1p%4p+pp:p

,'. # $*)[.

>D%p,%%?p"%"p%(pAp pp%(p%p%4pp:pp

,,c             p@>?#p>?#p>,?#p&#p9Cppp,%pp%4p%p+p%%)p / 0#p123 0#pº!62!#p;6!º#pp 2p127º 0p,pp$!Fp%p %p+p%%p Vp>%%?pSp 6!00 062!.pVp>,?SpApVp>,?pSp&pVp&pSp>,?pSp&pVp 326!.pVp>?>,%%?ppAp>?>,%%?Vp9pSp

,4.   - 9.pp )p G,p%%p%pp,%%%p%4p%p%%p p%p,%%pp 0pp,p,%%p%p%p+p9%p /4p%ppp%p%pp:(p 2%ppp%p %%ppp º4p%p,%p%%-p ) p2p%%p ) p9p pp

!  c 5   11  2 2    /  pp p

        

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

pp         

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

pp         

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

View more...

Comments

Copyright ©2017 KUPDF Inc.
SUPPORT KUPDF