Chapter 2 - Purposive Communication

 

  OMMUNI ATION AND GLOBALIZATION

CHAPTER 2

 

OBJECTIVES   O M M U N I A T I O N A N D G L O B A L I Z A T I O N

At the end of this chapter, the students would be able to: 

CHAPTER 2

Explain how cultural and global issues affect communication

  Appreciate the impact of communication on society and the world

 

CHAPTER OUTLINE LESSON 1- The Meaning of Globalization   O M M U N I A T I O N A N D G L O B A L I Z A T I O N

LESSON 2- Intercultural Communication and Ethics LESSON 3- Communication Approach to Intercultural Communication LESSON 4- Barriers to Intercultural Communication

CHAPTER 2

LESSON 5- Characteristics of Intercultural Communication

 

THE MEANING OF GLOBALIZATION

LESSON 1

 

G L O B A L I Z A T I O N https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJ0nFD https://www .youtube.com/watch?v=JJ0nFD19eT8 19eT8

 

It is the communication and assimilation among

GLOBALIZATION

individuals, ethnicities, race, institutions, governments of various nations supported by technology and compelled by international trade.

 

Due to globalization, the more you become exposed to diversity--- the valuing of uniqueness of differences in gender  preference, color, color , age, religion, affiliation, affiliat ion, ethnicity, education, social, economic status, and political beliefs.

GLOBALIZATION

 

  Globalization is not a new process or concept. Years before the advent of technology, people had been purchasing and selling each other’s properties, goods, and other objects or certain value.

GLOBALIZATION

 

C O N N E C T E D

B U T

A L O N E

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7Xr3As https://www .youtube.com/watch?v=t7Xr3AsBEK4&t=339s BEK4&t=339s

 

1. Financial 1.Financi al Globalization Globalization 2.Economi 2. Economicc Globalization Globalization 3.Technological Globalization 4. Political 4.Polit ical Globalization Globalization 5.Cultur 5. Cultural al Globalization Globalization 6.Sociol 6. Sociological ogical Globalization Globalization 7.Ecologi 7. Ecological cal Globalization Globalization 8.Geographi 8. Geographical cal Globalization Globalization

TYPES OF GLOBALIZATION

 

T Y P E S

O F

G L O B A L I Z A T I O N

 

T Y P E S

O F

G L O B A L I Z A T I O N

 

T Y P E S

O F

G L O B A L I Z A T I O N

 

T Y P E S

O F

G L O B A L I Z A T I O N

 

T Y P E S

O F

G L O B A L I Z A T I O N

 

T Y P E S

O F

G L O B A L I Z A T I O N

 

T Y P E S

O F

G L O B A L I Z A T I O N

 

T Y P E S

O F

G L O B A L I Z A T I O N

 

CONCEPT GROUNDING  

Communication has since been increasingly global, blurring national boundaries. The ability to communicate effectively in a global context, a general understanding of the differences in conducting communication from one country to another or from one culture to another helps avoid miscommunication.

 

  People’s

CONCEPT GROUNDING

beliefs

and

experiences influence their view of the world and the values, beliefs, and behavior  patterns assumed to be good.

 

Review communication principles.

Analyze the message receiver.

STRATEGIES TO Be open to accepting other’s culture.

Learn about cultures and apply a pply what is learned.

Consider language needs.

BECOME EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATOR (KRIZAN, 2004)

 

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION  A N D ETHICS LESSON 2

 

IDENTIFYING  YO  Y OUR CULTURE

Philippines is a broad category that includes three major island groups: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao and a large mixture of different cultural groupings.

 

IDENTIFYING YOUR CULTURE So when someone sports a bumper sticker “I am from the Philippines” neither the connections being claimed (what major island of the Philippines) nor the particular subset of beliefs and characteristics of the larger category  being asserted is immediately obvious.

 

IDENTIFYING YOUR CULTURE

Identifying society and culture in such ways makes the simple mistake of assuming, for example, that everybody from the same nation or country has the same set of assumptions and beliefs.

 

IDENTIFYING YOUR CULTURE Yet most countries have regions regarded as different and distinctive (Ilocanos, Bicolanos, Davaoenos, Kapangpangan). The belief system in this smaller and diverse groups are often recognized as somewhat different and distinct from those within the larger society (Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao) or a nation. So which culture represents the Philippines?

 

IDENTIFYING YOUR CULTURE Lesson 2 discusses cultural differences very  broadly and categorically: categorically: If you are “Asian” or “Western”, you will behave and communicate in a certain way way.. Although Although such broad-brush ideas are very helpful when travelling to other countries, dealing with international relationships, or discussing the clash of cultures and/ or diversity , it is important to go beyond the broad ideas and add some finer details.

 

IDENTIFYING YOUR CULTURE Consider how your membership in such large categories or broad groups will affect your communication. Only then can you go on to see how communication serves to perform membership of smaller cultures, groups, and networks.

 

ETHICS  AC  A CROSS CULTURES (KALE, 1997)

 

ETHICS ACROSS CULTURES (KALE, 1997) 

Ethical address

communicators people of other

cultures with the same respect that they would like to receive themselves. Intercultural communicators should not demean or belittle the cultural identity of others through verbal or non-verbal communication.

 

ETHICS ACROSS CULTURES (KALE, 1997) 

Ethical communicators seek to describe the world as they  perceive it as accurately as  possible. What is perceived to  be the truth may vary from one culture to another, truth is socially constructed. This  principle means that ethical communicators do not deliberately mislead or deceive.

 

ETHICS ACROSS CULTURES (KALE, 1997) 

Ethical communicators encourage people of other cultures to express themselves in their uniqueness. This principle respects the right of people to expression regardless of how popular or unpopular their ideas may be.

 

ETHICS ACROSS CULTURES (KALE, 1997) 

Ethical communicators strive for identification with people of other cultures. Intercultural communicators should emphasize the commonalities of cultural  beliefs and values rather than their differences.

 

COMMUNICATION  A P P R O A C H T O INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

LESSON 3

 

PERSONALITY STRENGTH The main personal traits that affect the intercultural communication are self-concept, self-disclosure, self-monitoring, and social relaxation.

 

 It refers to the way in which a person SELF-CONCEPT

views the self.

COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY STRENGTH

 

SELF-DISCLOSURE

  It refers to the willingness of individuals to openly and appropriately reveal information about themselves to their counterparts.

COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY STRENGTH

 

SELF-MONITORING

  It refers to using social comparison information to control and modify your self-presentation and expressive behavior.

COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY STRENGTH

 

It is the ability to reveal a little

SOCIAL RELAXATION

anxiety in communication. Effective communicators must know themselves well and through their self-awareness, initiate positive attitudes. Individuals must express a friendly personality to be competent in intercultural communication.

COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY STRENGTH

 

COMMUNICATION SKILLS Individuals must be competent in verbal and nonverbal behaviors. Intercultural communication skills require message skills, behavioral flexibility, interaction management, and social skills.

 

MESSAGE SKILLS

  It refers to the ability to understand and use the language and feedback.

COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS

 

BEHAVIORAL FLEXIBILITY

  It is the ability to select an appropriate  behavior in diverse contexts.

COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS

 

INTERACTION MANAGEMENT

COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS

  It emphasizes a  person’ss other  person’ other-oriented -oriented ability to interaction, such as attentiveness and responsiveness.

 

  These

are emphaty and identity maintenance. Emphaty is the ability to think the same

SOCIAL SKILLS thoughts and feel the same emotions as the

other person. Identity maintenance is the ability to maintain a counterpart’s identity by communicating back an accurate understanding

of that person’s identity. In other words, a competent communicator must be able to deal COMPONENTS OF with diverse people in different situations.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

 

PSYCHOLOGICAL  A  AD DJUSTMENT Effective Communicators must  be able to acclimate to new environments. They must be able to handle the feelings of “culture shock” such as frustration, stress, and alienation in ambiguous situations caused by new environments.

 

CULTURAL  AW  A WARENESS To be competent in intercultural communication, individuals must understand the social customs and the social system of the host culture. Understanding how  people think and behave is essential for effective communication with them.

 

I NBTAERRRCIUE LRTSU TROA L COMMUNICATION

LESSON 4

 

 AN NX IE T Y   A When you are anxious  because of not knowing what you are expected to do, it is only natural to focus on that feeling and not be totally present in the communication transaction.

 

 A  AN NX IE TY   For example, you may have experienced anxiety on your very first day on a new college campus or in a new  job. You You may be conscious of  being new- and out of placeand focus so much of your attention on that feeling that you make common mistakes and appear awkward to others.

 

 AS SSUMING  A SIMILARITY INSTEAD OF DIFFERENCES Each culture is different and unique to some degree. Boucher (2004), as stated by Jandt (2010), has shown how cultures differ as to whom it is appropriate to display emotions. If you assume the display of emotions is similar to your culture, you might see  people of diffe different rent culture culturess in certain circumstances as lacking emotions

inappropriately.  

 AS  A S S U M I N G S I M I L A R I T Y INSTEAD OF DIFFERENCES The INVERSE can be a  barrier as well. ASSUMING DIFFERENCES INSTEAD OF SIMILARITY can lead to your not recognizing important things that cultures share in common.

 

 AS  A S S U M I N G S I M I L A R I T Y INSTEAD OF DIFFERENCES   It is better to assume nothing. It’s better to ask, “What are the customs?” rather than assuming they are the same- or differenteverywhere.

 

ETHNOCENTRISM The third barrier to effective intercultural communication is ethnocentrism, or negatively judging aspects of another culture by the standards of one’s own culture.

 

ETHNOCENTRISM   The third barrier to effective intercultural communication is ethnocentrism, or negatively judging aspects of another culture by the standards of one’s own culture.

 

ETHNOCENTRISM   To be ethnocentric is to believe in the superiority of one’s culture. Everything in a culture is consistent to that culture.

 

STEREOTYPING The term “stereotype” is the broader term commonly used to refer to negative or  positive judgments made about individuals based on any observable or believed group membership.

 

STEREOTYPING

 The word “stereotyping” was first used by journalist Walter Lippman in 1992 to describe judgments made about others on the basis of their ethnic group membership.

 

STEREOTYPING

  Today, the term is more broadly used to refer to judgments made on the basis of any group membership.

 

STEREOTYPING

AS YOU KNOW IT

  Although you may think of stereotypes as  being negative  judgments, they can also  be positive. Some people hold positive stereotypes of other individuals based on their professional group membership. For example, some people assume that all doctors are intelligent and wise.

 

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF STEREOTYPING ON COMMUNICATION

 

They can cause us to assume that a widely held belief is true when it may not be.

Continued use of stereotype reinforces the belief.

Stereotypes also impede communication when they can cause us to assume that a widely held belief is true of any individual.

The stereotype can become a “selffulfilling prophecy” for the person stereotyped.

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF STEREOTYPING ON COMMUNICATION

 

PREJUDICE  Prejudice refers to the irrational dislike or hatred of a particular group, race, religion, or sexual orientation (Rothenerg, 1992). Persons in the group are viewed not in terms of their individual merit but according to the superficial characteristics that make them part of the group.

 

CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

LESSON 5

 

MOTIVATION The desire to communicate successfully with strangers is an important start. For example,  people high in willingness to communicate with people from other cultures report a greater number of friends from different  backgrounds than those who are less willing to reach out. Having the proper motivation is important in all communication,  but particularly so in intercultural

interactions

 because they challenging.

can

be

quiet

 

TOLERANCE FOR  AM  A M B I G U I T Y    Communicating with people from different backgrounds can  be confusing confusing.. A tolerance for ambiguity makes it possible to accept, and even embrace, the often equivocal and sometimes downright incomprehensible messages that characterize intercultural communication.

 

TOLERANCE FOR  AM  A M B I G U I T Y  For instance, a native American who to workNative with colleagues raisedhappens in traditional American co-cultures may find them much quieter and less out-going than they are used to. The first reaction might  be toof think of this th is reserved attitude as lack friendliness. However, it may  be a reflection of a co-culture in which a reserved nature is valued more than extroversion and silence more than being talkative. In crosscultural situations like this, ambiguity

is fact of life and a challenge.  

OPENMINDEDNESS In some parts of the world, you may find that women are not regarded with the same attitude of equality that is common in the West.you Likewise, other cultures, may beinamazed at casual tolerance of poverty  beyond anything at home. Or with practices of bribery that don’t jibe with other culture’s

notion of what is ethical.  

OPENMINDEDNESS In

situations

like

these,

 principled communicators are not likely to compromise deeply held beliefs about what is right. At the same time, competence requires an attitude that recognized that people who  behave differently are most likely following rules that have governed their whole lives.

 

KNOWLEDGE  AN  A ND SKILL One way to boost your understanding of cultural differences is via mindfulnessawareness of your own behavior and that of others. Communicators who lack this quality blunder through intercultural encounters mindlessly. Oblivious of how their own behavior may confuse or offend others, and how behavior that they consider weird may be

simply different.

 

KNOWLEDGE  AN  A ND SKILL  Communication Theorist Charles Berger outlines three strategies for moving forward to a more mindful, competent style of intercultural communication: 

Passive Observation



Active Strategies



Self-disclosure

 

KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL

3 Strategies for f or Competent Intercultural Communication

PASSIVE OBSERVATION

It involves noticing what behaviors embers of a different culture use and applying these insights to communicate in ways that are most effective.

 

ACTIVE STRATEGIES

KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL

It includes reading, watching films, and asking experts and members of the other culture hoe to behave, as well as taking academic courses related to intercultural communication.

3 Strategies for Competent Intercultural Communication

 

KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL

3 Strategies for f or Competent Intercultural Communication It involves volunteering  personal information to people from the other culture with whom you want to communicate. One type of selfdisclosure is to confess your cultural ignorance: “This is very new to me. What’s the right thing to do?” This approach is

SELF-DISCLOSURE

the of may the three since someriskiest cultures not value candor and self-disclosure as much as others. Nevertheless, most people are pleased when strangers attempt to learn the  practices of their culture, and they are usually more than willing to offer information and

assistance.

 

Agustin, Racquel, et.al. Communication in  Multicultural Contexts: Meanings and Purposes. Purposes.   Panday-Lahi Publishing, Inc. 2018 Wakat, Geraldine S. et.al., et.al., Purposive  Purposive Communication.  Communication.  Lorimar Publishing, Inc.,2018 Article "Communication and Globalization- A Challenge for Public Policy" by Marc Raboy

REFERENCES

Eight Types Types of Globalization https://slideplayer.com/slide/15024256/ Video "Connected but Alone?" in TED Talk  https://www.youtube.com/results?search.query=connec ted+but+alone Video “Globalization” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJ0nFD https://www .youtube.com/watch?v=JJ0nFD19eT8 19eT8

 

C O M M U N I C AT I O N A N D GLOBALIZATION

END OF CHAPTER 2  Prepared  Prepa red by: Ms. MARY LYKA ROTAIRO, LPT Faculty Member