CHAPTER 2- Fire Safety & Prevention System

CC608- CHAPTER 2 FIRE SAFETY & PREVENTION SYSTEM By :

COURSE OUT!"E 2.1 Know about fire safety safety and and prevention prevention system 2.1.1 Describe the sources of fire and the spreading of the fire. 2.1.2 Explain fire prevention system in a  building 2.1.3 Identify the types of the fire extinguisher

COURSE OUT!"E 2.1 Know about fire safety safety and and prevention prevention system 2.1.1 Describe the sources of fire and the spreading of the fire. 2.1.2 Explain fire prevention system in a  building 2.1.3 Identify the types of the fire extinguisher

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2.1.1 SOURCE OF FIRE THE FIRE TRIANGLE • Fire is the state of combustion resulting from a chemical reaction that reuires the presence of three elements in proper combination ! " a fuel source #anything that burns$% " oxygen oxygen #a  #a component of air$% and " an ignition source such as heat or a spar& ' in order to  begin and develop. • (his is often referred to as a #$ire Trian%&e#. Trian%&e#.

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2.1.1 SOURCE OF FIRE THE FIRE TRIANGLE • For a fire to start three conditions must be met at the same time!

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2.1.1 SOURCE OF FIRE i) FIRE IGNITION (Ny!" #i)

• Ignition in most fires is a process of transition from the input of heat to the stable propagation of thermal )ave supported by heat release from combustion. • It occur only )hen there is initial heat input from an ignition source and is then follo)ed by combustion reaction sufficient to establish a thermal )ave • Ignition refers to the appearance of a flame in the volatile gas stream evolved from a solid exposed to external ignition sources such as a flame or an electrical spar&.

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2.1.1 SOURCE OF FIRE i) FIRE IGNITION

*ome typical sources of ignition include!" • Exterior and natural sources such as lightning% proximity to forest% bush or grass fires% exposure to ad+acent burning  buildings or exterior trash containers% etc., • Electrical sources such as faulty or overloaded )iring% electrical panels% electrical euipment and appliances% and -/0 #heatingventilationair conditioning$ systems, • roximity of combustible materials to a heat source such as portable heaters, • pen flames such as candles and food )armers used during catered events,

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2.1.1 SOURCE OF FIRE i) FIRE IGNITION

*ome typical sources of ignition include#04(5$!" • 6Interpretive fires6 such as fireplaces% coo& stoves% candles%  blac&smith shops% etc., • 0onstruction and renovation activities such as hot )or& #i.e. )elding% paint removal% cutting% etc.$% the use of casting materials that produce heat% etc., • Improper use% storage% andor disposal of flammable liuids such as paint thinners, • *mo&ing materials, • 7as lea&s, and •  /rson.

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2.1.1 SOURCE OF FIRE ii) FUELS

• Fuels are materials that burn. • (he higher the temperature% the easier and uic&er they  burn. • 0ommon fuels include! "" *olvents such as acetone% alcohols% and toluene  "" 7ases such as acetylene and propane  "" *olids such as )ood and paper

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2.1.1 SOURCE OF FIRE iii) O$I%IERS

• xidi8ers! xygen or other substances capable of releasing oxygen to a fire • 0ommon oxidi8ers include! 9 acids% especially nitric and perchloric acids 9 chlorine dioxide 9 thers such as potassium permanganate and potassium chlorate

2.1.1 SPREA%ING OF FIRE Fi' i #'* +y ,' ,/* i. Conve'tion( )pero&a*an+ ii. Condu'tion( )pen%a&iran, *ondu*si+and iii. Radiation )pan'aran, radiasi+.

2.1.1 SPREA%ING OF FIRE Fi' i #'* +y ,' ,/* i. Conve'tion •

Fire and smo&e spread by convection is the most dangerous and causes the ma+or proportion of in+uries and deaths.

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 :hen fire starts in an enclosed space such as a building% the smo&e rising from the fire becomes trapped by the ceiling and then spreads in all directions to form an ever"deepening layer over the entire room space.

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(he smo&e )ill pass through any holes or gaps in the )alls% ceiling and floor into other parts of the building.

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(he heat from the fire gets trapped in the building and the temperature rises

2.1.1 SPREA%ING OF FIRE Fi' i #'* +y ,' ,/* ii. Condu'tion *ome materials% such as metal can absorb heat readily and transmit it to other rooms by conduction% )here it can set fire to combustible items that are in contact )ith the heated material.

iii. Radiation • •

;adiation transfers heat in the air in the same )ay that an electric bar heater heats a room.  /ny material close to a fire )ill absorb the heat until the item starts to smoulder and then burn

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2.1.1 E$AMPLE OF FIRE INCI%ENT

Figure 2: The fire in this museum was caused by a gas leak. Of these sources, the risk of fire from electrical, arson, and construction or renovation sources tend to be the most common in cultural institutions.

2.1.2 FIRE PREVENTION SYSTEM Fi' C/",'/!

Fire Protection

Fire Prevention Education/ knowledge

Penguatkuasaan

Engineering

"aintenance

afety !ontrol

Passive

Esca&e (oute

#ood $ouse %ee&ing

 'ctive )uilding structure

istem bantuan menentang kebakaran

"engesan

"emadam

"engawal

 'maran

2.1.2 FIRE PREVENTION SYSTEM Fi' P'",i/" Sy, i. $!RE --R S/STE ii. S0R!"KE S/STE iii. SOKE ETECTOR  iv. CO"TRO ROO  v. $!RE  E3T!"4U!S5ER 

2.1.2 FIRE PREVENTION SYSTEM Fi' Sy,

• (he fire systems in a building are many.

• (here are euipment and systems for monitoring% communication% fighting fire% indication% raising alarm% diverting smo&e and many others. • 7enerally they can be classified into t)o categories!  -+ $ire 0rote'tion System B+ $ire $i%6tin% System • Fire systems fall under the fire codes for buildings. •  /s fire codes may vary in different countries% no attempt is made to specify the fire codes. • *ometimes% there is an overlap of functions " the systems may contain elements of both fire protection and fire fighting.

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2.1.2 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM • $ire prote'tion systems are used to alert people that a small fire or some overheating has occurred% and that there is a danger of fire happening soon. •  /ctive fire protection refers to installing euipment% systems% and devices that reuire po)er to function such as fire detection% fire alarm% and fire suppression systems. •  :hile the cost of professionally designed% installed% maintained% and monitored fire protection may seem large% the cost of not installing them could be even greater.

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2.1.2 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM • For small to mid"si8e institutions% conventional systems that are simple% reliable% and economical to install and maintain% )ill suffice. • rooms. • (hese signals are collected in the ;> before being sent to the 0> to indicate a normal status% a line fault% or an alarm. • (he output signals are sent to the actuators. • (hese can be contactors or motors to stop /->% lifts% activate roller shutters% alarm bells% pressuri8ation fans% smo&e spill fans% and fire dampers. • (hese signals are controlled by the 0> before being dispatched through ;> to the correct location

2.1.2 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM A,i,i/" /3 3i' !' •  :hen the fire alarm panel is activated by either brea&glass% smo&e detector or sprin&ler flo) s)itch% the follo)ing )ill occur immediately! i. (he printer )ill print out the exact location and time the event occurred% ii. / )ill send signals to! 9 *top the /-> on the floor the alarm occur 9 *tart all the smo&e spill fans and open the motori8ed fire dampers on the concerned floor and close those on the other floors 9 *tart the ressuri8ation fans for all the lift lobbies and regulate the pressure in the lift lobbies of the concerned floor using the lift lobby differential pressure device and the associated motori8ed fire damper. 9 *tart the alarm bell continuously for the concerned floor and intermittently for the floor above and belo). 9 0lose the roller shutters of the concerned floor after three minutes time. 9 Indicate the signals sent on the fire alarm display panel )ith niform =uilding =y  ==