Chapter 11

Chapter 11 The revolution: The Second Phase The Relief on Primo de Rivera The succeeding liberal party sent General Basilio Augustin to the Philippines as Primo de Rivera¶s successor. This was unfortunate, for the new governor-general was ignorant of the actual conditions in the Philippines. On April 9, 1898, General Augustin arrived in Manila, and the following day Primo de Rivera turned over the reins of the Philippine government to his successor. Immediately upon his assumption of office, the governor  announced that he would continue Primo de Rivera¶s work of pacification.

American Designs of the Philippines The Spanish- American relations were turning for the worse. The Cuban revolution had drawn the United States to the side of the Cuban rebels. On February 25, 1898, Roosevelt cabled Dewey, now commander of the Squadron, to make Hongkong his base of operations. At the same time, he instructed Dewey to take offensive action against the Spanish Fotilla based in Manila in case of war with Spain. Thus, when the war finally broke out, Dewey was in a position to rush immediately to Manila to destroy the Spanish warships. The coming of the American therefore was not a mere accident of the Spanish- American war, but a planned action.

The Spanish-American War  In the face of the Philippines and the Cuban revolutions, Spain could not antagonize the United States. She therefore tried to heal the rift in order not to draw her into a fatal war  with a rising powerful nation. Spain's ambassador to the United States, Dupuy de Lome, wrote a friend in Havana, Cuba in January 1898, stating that the President William McKinley was a weakling and low politician. This letter was stolen and published in a New York periodical. The result of its publication was that the Americans who had been rouse with anger demanded war against the Spain.

The Battle of Manila Bay With receipt of secretary Long¶s cable announcing the declaration of war with Spain, Dewey sailed from Mirs Bay, near Hongkong, for the Philippines with seven heavily armed ships. Early morning of May 1, 1898, his fleet entered Manila Bay almost undetected by the Spanish shore batteries on Corregidor and Bataan. Dewey Sailed straight toward the Manila Bay shore in the hope that he would find Admiral Patricio Montojo¶s fleet there and give battle immediately. The naval battle that followed was one sided, in fact it was a massacre. The Spanish ships outnumbered those of the Americans, the former were, nevertheless, poorly armed. All in all, the American fleet had more tonnage than the Spanish flotilla. The Spaniards, in the face of absolute defeat, hoisted the white flag in Cavite in token of  surrender.

Renewal of the Struggle   As soon as Aguinaldo had landed the war materials he had brought from Hongkong, rebels from the Bataan came to see him. Aguinaldo handed them copies of his proclamations urging the people to rally once more to the Filipino Flag in the struggle against the Spaniards. The news of his return spread throughout the Central Luzon. A number of Filipino volunteers in the Spanish army defected to the Filipino forces. Aguinaldo ordered them to occupy the Dalahikan, the Cavite shipyard, to prevent the enemy from occupying.

The Spanish-American Secret Agreement On July 17, the second reinforcements, headed by General Francis V. Greene, arrived. With the fresh troops, the Americans were confident that they could easily dislodge the Spaniards from the city. Hope of an easy victory filled their hearts when the third reinforcement headed by general Arthur Mac Arthur arrived on July 31. Preparations were immediately made for the battle that would determine the fate of Manila. Jaudenes like Augustin, believed that the Spanish positions was hopeless in the face of a superior  enemy and in the face of the Filipino; rebels. To save face, he i nsisted that to satisfy the Spanish code of honor there should be a mock battle, after which the Spanish armed forces would surrender. He further insisted that the Filipino rebels should be excluded from participating in the surrender of Manila. This agreement between Jaudenes,on one hand, and Dewey and Merritt, on the other, was so secret that no one else in either  camp knows of its existence.

Beginnings of the Filipino- American Rift   At the time that Dewey was waiting for reinforcements, Aguinaldo and his forces were laying siege to Manila. This situation was favorable to the Americans, for they did not have to be on the lookout for any hostile Spanish maneuver since the job of watching was being done by their Filipino allies. The continuous stream of American reinforcement worried Aguinaldo no end. He wondered why, in spite of the fact that the Spaniards were then at the mercy of the Filipino troops, American reinforcement continue to pour on in numbers. His suspicious of ultimate American intentions, however he kept to himself. But other Filipino military leaders were harboring the same suspicious. General Artemio Ricarete expressed his doubts as to American intentions and warned Aguinaldo ³to be careful because it seems that the Americans want to fool us´ General Pio del Pilar also unburdened him self of  the same feeling to Aguinaldo and suggested that batteries be mounted in certain places to prevent the Americans from passing through them.

Written Summary Report In SocSc103

Submitted to: Mr. Jumawan

Submitted by: Mary Grace A. Garcia Arnold Jansen Manginsay

MARY GRACE A. GARCIA Arsenal Street, Ilaud Tanjay City Negros Oriental 09193257574 [email protected] Applying for: On the Job Training Objectives: To be trained and enhance my skills and capabilities which I have learned in school.

Personal Information:

Age: Date of Birth: Birthplace: Gender: Citizenship: Marital Status: Height: Weight:

19 years old December 9, 1990 Pongtud, Tanjay City Negros Oriental Female Filipino Single 5'2" 110 lbs

Educational Background:

College:

Bachelor of Science in Tourism

St. Paul University Dumaguete  North Road , Bantayan, Dumaguete City 2007-Present High School:

Tanjay City Science High School Opao, Tanjay City Negros Oriental 2003-2007

Elementary:

Plaza Central School Tanjay City Negros Oriental 1995-2003

Trainings & Seminars:

Tourism Marketing Seminar  Conference Room Sidlakang Negros Village Dumaguete City September 15, 2009 Press Relations Unit Skills & Development Training Seminar  " Forming the Essence of a Paulinian Press Relations Unit" Audio Visual Room St. Paul University Dumaguete February 28,2009 ATSC Apprenticeship by Experience School Onboard Learning Program Seminar/Workshop & Practicum Immersion Cebu-Manila-Dumaguete Onboard via M/V Superferry 12 October 20-24,2009 Learnings: - Vessel Familiarization - Hotel Operations & Services - Basic Safety on the Ship World Tourism Month Seminar  " The Protection Of Biodiversity as a Tourism Asset" Foundation University Main Campus September 13, 2010 Events Management Seminar  MAT Building Conference Room St. Paul University Dumaguete September 17, 2010

R eferences:

Mrs. Hilnora Gregorio Dean of the College of Business Education St. Paul University Dumaguete  North Road Bantayan Negros Oriental (035) 2254-1506 Mrs. Mary Joan Fortugaleza HRM-Tourism Instructor  St. Paul University Dumaguete  North Road Bantayan Dumaguete City Mr. Josefino Larena Adviser  DOT Accredited Tour Guide St. Paul University Dumaguete  North Road Bantayan Dumaguete City

October 12, 2010

Dear Sir / Madam:

Greetings of Peace! I would like to apply for an On the Job Training in your establishment this second semester. I am Mary Grace A. Garcia, a resident of Tanjay City Negros Oriental and a fourt h year college student of St. Paul University Dumaguete tak ing up Bachelor of Science in Tourism. I believe that I will be able to enhance my skills that I have learned inside the classroom if given the chance to be trained in your establishment. I am willing to work with the utmost of my capabilities and interest. I am enclosing my resume to further disclose of myself. If an interview is needed at your most convenient time, my contact number is 09193257574. I look forward to hear from you soon.

Respectfully yours,

MARY GRACE A. GARCIA