Chapter 1 Overview

AANK Qiayxmr}

A`k|rix Dni Edbixn Nirvdxc Qiayxmr} R`xikrq

Oiqqdn \oknnmnf • R`mq oiqqdn q`dyob rkci 1%: `dyxq rd |xiqinr • R`i oiqqdn q`dyob mnaoybi oiaryxi/ biednqrxkrmdnq/ bmqayqqmdn knb kqqiqqeinr • R`i oiqqdn akn hi rkyf`r mn |ixqdn dx yqmnf xiedri mnqrxyarmdn

Ekgdx Adnai|rq • Xkrmdnkoi jdx nirvdxc qiayxmr} • Bkrk adnjmbinrmkomr}/ mnrifxmr}/ kzkmokhmomr} • Xmqcq/ r`xikrq/ zyonixkhmomrmiq knb adynrixeikqyxiq • Eir`dbdodf} dj k qrxyaryxib krrkac • Qiayxmr} edbio EaAyehix ayhi• Qiayxmr} |domamiq/ qrknbkxbq knb fymbiomniq • Qioiarmnf knb me|oieinrmnf adynrixeikqyxiq • Nirvdxc qiayxmr} biqmfn

Oiqqdn Dhgiarmziq Y|dn ade|oirmdn dj r`mq oiqqdn/ r`i qyaaiqqjyo |kxrmam|knr vmoo hi khoi rd7 ;. Biqaxmhi r`i xkrmdnkoi jdx nirvdxc qiayxmr} 8. Biqaxmhi r`i r`xii |xmnam|oiq dj nirvdxc qiayxmr} 1. Mbinrmj} xmqcq/ r`xikrq/ zyonixkhmomrmiq knb adynrixeikqyxiq 2. Bmqayqq r`i r`xii qrkriq dj mnjdxekrmdn knb mbinrmj} r`xikrq knb k||xd|xmkri adynrixeikqyxiq jdx ika` qrkri 9. Bmjjixinrmkri hirviin qiayxmr} |domamiq/ qrknbkxbq knb fymbiomniq

Oiqqdn Dhgiarmziq :. Biqaxmhi r`i bmjjixinai hirviin qrxyaryxib knb ynqrxyaryxib nirvdxc krrkacq 6. Biqaxmhi r`i qrkfiq knb rddoq yqib mn k qrxyaryxib krrkac 0. Mbinrmj} qiayxmr} dxfknmwkrmdnq r`kr mnjoyinai knb q`k|i nirvdxc qiayxmr} =. Mbinrmj} akxiix q|iamkomwkrmdnq mn nirvdxc qiayxmr}

V`kr mq Nirvdxc Qiayxmr}4

Nkrmdnko Qiayxmr} Rioiadeeynmakrmdnq knb Mnjdxekrmdn Q}qrieq Qiayxmr} Adeemrrii (NQRMQQA-

Nirvdxc qiayxmr} mq r`i |xdriarmdn dj mnjdxekrmdn knb q}qrieq knb `kxbvkxi r`kr yqi/ qrdxi/ knb rxknqemr r`kr mnjdxekrmdn. Nirvdxc qiayxmr} inade|kqqiq r`dqi qri|q r`kr kxi rkcin rd inqyxi r`i adnjmbinrmkomr}/ mnrifxmr}/ knb kzkmokhmomr} dj bkrk dx xiqdyxaiq.

Xkrmdnkoi jdx Nirvdxc Qiayxmr} Nirvdxc qiayxmr} mnmrmkrmziq knb nirvdxc qiayxmr} q|iamkomqrq akn hi jdynb mn |xmzkri knb |yhoma/ okxfi knb qekoo ade|knmiq knb dxfknmwkrmdnq. R`i niib jdx nirvdxc qiayxmr} knb mrq fxdvr` kxi bxmzin h} ekn} jkardxq7 ;.

Mnrixnir adnniarmzmr} mq 82$6 knb mq vdxobvmbi

8.

Mnaxikqi mn a}hix axmei

1.

Me|kar dn hyqmniqq knb mnbmzmbykoq

2. Oifmqokrmdn * omkhmomrmiq 9. \xdomjixkrmdn dj r`xikrq :. Qd|`mqrmakrmdn dj r`xikrq

A}hix Axmei • Jxkyb$ Qakeq Qakeq • Mbinrmr} R`ijr • A`mob \dxndfxk|`} • R`ijr dj Rioiadeeynmakrmdnq Qixzmaiq • Ioiarxdnma Zknbkomqe/ Rixxdxmqe knb Iprdxrmdn

VKQ@MNFRDN/ B.A. ‑‑ Kn iqrmekrib 1.: emoomdn `dyqi`dobq/ dx khdyr 1 |ixainr dj koo `dyqi`dobq mn r`i nkrmdn/ oikxnib r`kr r`i} `kb hiin r`i zmarme dj kr oikqr dni r}|i dj mbinrmr} r`ijr byxmnf k qmp%ednr` |ixmdb mn 8