Chapter 1 Introduction

Lecture Notes

S.S.Sehgal

Energy Conservation and Management Terms:Energy Management EM: - The EM is the practical science of techniques and dynamic processes of setting/obecti!e setting/obecti!ess "tas#s$% planning% organi&ing% organi&ing% arranging material/ material/ finance/ human and other  requir required ed resou resource rces% s% e'ecut e'ecutin ing% g% super super!is !ising ing mo moni nitor torin ing% g% remo!i remo!ing ng bottl bottlen enec# ec#ss to achie achie!e !e obecti!es and to set ne( obecti!es. Thee ener Th energy gy mana manage geme ment nt in!o in!ol! l!es es%% plan planin ing% g% dire direct ctin ing% g% and and cont contro roll llin ing g the the supp supply ly and and consumption of energy to ma'imi&ed producti!ity and comforts and to minimi&e the energy costs and to minimi&e the pollution% (ith consensus% udicious and effecti!e use of energy. 3 steps of EM

Energy )udit Energy *onser!ation Measures "E*MS$ +aste +aste ,ecycling ,ecycli ng

Steps of Energy Management:

Strategies.



)dm )dminis inistr trat ati! i!ee acti action ons. s.



0olicy

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2rga 2rgani ni&a &ati tion onal al char charge ges. s.

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Trai Trainin ning g and and a(a a(aren reness ess progra programm mmes. es.

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)ssoc )s socia iati tion on of (or#i (or#ing ng pers person onnel nel55s.

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Energy )udit.

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Ener En ergy gy cons consec ecra rati tion on m mea easu sure res% s%

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E!al E! aluat uatio ion n of the pres present ent ene energ rgy y consum consumpti ption. on.

9 mplem mplementa entation tion of E*Ms.  Monitori Monitoring ng of E* efforts efforts..

EC: - t in!ol!es (astage of energy and adsorption of methods to conser!e energy% (ithout

affecting producti!ity ; comforts% more energy efficient processes should be replaced by less efficient processes. Energy Conservation opportunities ECOs.

These Th ese are are the a!enu a!enues/ es/ opp opport ortuni uniti ties% es% (hic (hich h are open open to imple impleme ment nt energ energy y conser conser!a !ati tion on acti!ities.



Lecture Notes

S.S.Sehgal

Energy Audit:-

t is an official scientific study/ sur!ey of energy consumption of a region/ organi&ation/ process/  plant/ equipment aimed at the reduction of energy consumption and energy costs% (ithout affecting producti!ity and comforts and suggesting methods for energy conser!ation and reduction in energy costs.

Steps involved in energy management.

 Energy management as policy and commitment 

Management commitment

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Selection of the Energy Manager  ,esponsibilities of Energy Manager:-

Energy planning

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Energy consumption monitoring

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0laning energy conser!ation

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mplementing energy conser!ation measures

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2rgani&ation of ormulation of supply strategies and energy conser!ation plans

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)(areness and n!ol!ement.

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ntroduce suggestions% schemes and a(ard schemes.

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)ppoint or select energy )udit Team or consultants.

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To obtain report on E* measures.

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To obtain technical assistant report "T)-report$ nstructions in T) report a$ E* measures  b$ =o or =on5t c$ 2peration and maintenance instructions. d$ ,ecommendation of a ne( technology.

9 mplementation of T) report and E* measures.  mplement E-optimi&ed operation and maintenance practices.  Establish practice of monitoring energy consumption and effecti!eness of E*M5s.  ,ecycling of scrap% (aste material% etc. 1 To re!ie( and optimi&e ne( design of the plant and equipment and to allocate finds for  retro fitting. 

Lecture Notes

S.S.Sehgal 0o(er sector "Electricity$

Energy strategies (planning)

Supply side management

2il or ?as   *oal Non commercial ;

rene(able *onsumption/ demand side

     

ndustrial sector  )gricultural ormulate the long/ medium/ short term plan Organiation Stru!ture

Listing of essential acti!ities ?rouping of acti!ities B (hether it is related to space heating% po(er% fuel% etc. =ecision of responsibilities nterfacing bet(een the groups Organiation

 Non- energy "They ust consume energy ; produce  products$

Energy ntensi!e "(hich are using% as (ell as producing energy C products$

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Lecture Notes

S.S.Sehgal

on- Energy Organiation C"art

0lant Manager 2peration ; maintenance manager (ith additional ,esponsibilities of EM

Line Managers

=elegation

nterfacing

Energy *ntensive Organiation C"art

0lant Manager

Energy *onsultants

Energy manager for E.M

2 ; M Manager

)udit team

Testing Team

E* Measures Team

Engg. ; =ocumentation Team

Monitoring Team

Strategies Adopted +y *ndian ,overnment for E.M

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)pply ,eforms to Energy ; 0o(er sectors% (ith de-control% pri!ati&ation and the international help for raid gro(th.

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)ccelerate production and supply of energy though fast-trac# energy routes e.g. unbundling the potential in e'isting industries particularly those% (hich are generating their o(n po(er by impro!ing plant load factor "0L>$ and carrying out reno!ation and 4

Lecture Notes S.S.Sehgal moderni&ationD impro!e energy management systemD accelerate fast- trac# liquid ; gas fuel supply.  1

ncrease the per capita energy consumption rural sector. mpro!e efficiency and plant load factor "0L>$ from the present 49 to 73 and reduce the transmission losses from 9-3 to 9-.

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Encourage E* Measures and impro!e energy demand side management and recycling of  the (astes.

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,educe the energy imports and achie!e self-reliance in energy.

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Encourage the use of non-con!entional energies in industries and other sectors.

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Encourage rural-electrification.

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Encourage pri!ati&ation in energy sector.

9 ,educe or minimi&e the pollution.  Encourage the forest de!elopment.  Encourage the con!ersion of Aio-(aste to useful energy.  Encourage the , ; = in energy sector for energy efficiency prospects and for finding alternati!es for the future.

Terms: Energy Management: EM: T"e EM is t"e pra!ti!al s!ien!e of te!"ni'ues and dynami! pro!esses of settingo+e!tives (tas/)0 planning0 organiing0 arranging materialsfinan!e"uman and ot"er re'uired resour!es0 e1e!uting0 supervising0 monitoring0 removing +ottlene!/s to a!"ieve o+e!tives and o set ne# o+e!tives.

The energy management in!ol!es planning% directing% controlling the supply and consumption of  energy to ma'imi&e the producti!ity and comforts and to minimi&e the energy costs% and to minimi&e the pollution% (ith consensus % udicious and effecti!e use of energy.  steps of EM: . Energy )udit . Energy *onser!ation Measures "E*Ms$ . +aste recycling Steps of Energy Management: . Strategies . )dministrati!e actions . 0olicy 1. 2rgani&ational changes 3. Training and a(areness program 4. )ssociation of (or#ing personals 6

Lecture Notes 6. Energy )udit 7. Energy *onser!ation Measures 8. E!aluation of the present Energy *onsumption 9. mplementation of E*Ms. . Monitoring of E* efforts.

S.S.Sehgal

T2E A45E O6 EE7,8 MAA,EMET

Ausiness% industry and go!ernment organi&ations ha!e all been under tremendous economic and en!ironmental pressures in the last fe( years. Aeing economically competiti!e in the global mar#etplace and meeting increasing en!ironmental standards to reduce air and (ater pollution ha!e been the maor dri!ing factors in most of the recent operational cost and capital cost in!estment decisions for all organi&ations. Energy management has been an important tool to help organi&ations meet these critical obecti!es for their short term sur!i!al and long-term success. The problems that organi&ations face from both their indi!idual and national  perspecti!es include: F Meeting more stringent en!ironmental quality standards% primarily related to reducing global (arming and reducing acid rain. Energy management helps impro!e en!ironmental quality. >or e'ample% the primary culprit in global (arming is carbon dio'ide% *2. Equation .% a balanced chemistry equation in!ol!ing the combustion of methane "natural gas is mostly methane$% sho(s that .63 pounds of carbon dio'ide is produced for e!ery pound of methane combusted. Thus% energy management% by reducing the combustion of methane can dramatically reduce the amount of carbon dio'ide in the atmosphere and help reduce global (arming. *ommercial and industrial energy use accounts for  about 13 percent of the carbon dio'ide released from the burning of fossil fuels% and about 69  percent of the sulfur dio'ide emissions from stationary sources. *igure .. E!en more sa!ings ha!e been accomplished by some programs.

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Lecture Notes Lo( cost acti!ities first year or t(o: 3 to 3 Moderate cost% significant effort% three to fi!e years: 3 to 9 Long-term potential% higher cost% more engineering: 9 to 39 6igure 9.9 Typi!al Savings t"roug" Energy Management

S.S.Sehgal

• • •

Thus% large sa!ings can be accomplished often (ith high returns on in!estments and rapid  paybac#s. Energy management can ma#e the difference bet(een profit and loss and can establish real competiti!e enhancements for most companies. Energy management in the form of  implementing ne( energy efficiency technologies% ne( materials and ne( manufacturing  processes and the use of ne( technologies in equipment and materials for business and industry is also helping companies impro!e their producti!ity and increase their product or ser!ice quality. 2ften% the energy sa!ings is not the main dri!ing factor (hen companies decide to purchase ne( equipment% use ne( processes% and use ne( high-tech materials.