CHAPTER 1 - Advent of A National Hero.docx

CHAPTER 1: Advent of A National Hero DR. JOSE RIZAL Full name: Jose Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda Date of Birth: June 19, 1861, Wednesday Place of Birth: Calamba Laguna Province, Philippines Time of Birth: between eleven and midnight (11:00 – 12:00) Parents: Don Francisco Mercado Rizal Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda th

(Rizal is the 7 of the eleven children of his parents)

Date of Baptismal: June 22, 1861 Age during Baptismal: 3 days old Presider during Baptismal: Fr. Rufino Collantes (Batangueño) Godfather: Fr. Pedro Casanas Parish Priest of Calamba: Leoncio Lopez DR. JOSE RIZAL AS A MANY-SPLENDORED GENIUS -

Physician Poet Dramatist Essayist Novelist Historian Architect Painter Sculptor Educator Linguist Musician Naturalist Ethnologist Surveyor Engineer Farmer businessman

Summary on Life and Works of Rizal

-

Economist Geographer Cartographer Bibliophile Philologist Grammarian Folklorist Philosopher Translator Inventor Magician Humorist Satirist Polemicist Sportsman Traveler Prophet

Ron Cabz© (2013)

CHAPTER 1: Advent of A National Hero  Rizal has a big head  According to Father Collantes: “Take good care of this child, for someday he will become a great man.”  September 28, 1862 – Parish books were burned  Docket No. 1 of Baptisms, p. 49 – Where to be found LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JOSE LEMERY - Governor general when Rizal was born - Former senator of Spain (member of the upper chamber of the Spanish Cortes - February 2, 1861 – July 7, 1862 is his tenure in office - June 19, 1861 (same as Rizal’s birthday) he sent an official dispatch (message) to the Ministry of War and the Ministry of Ultamar in Madrid denouncing (reproved or criticizing) Sultan Pulalun of Sulu and several powerful Moro datus for fraternizing (associating) with a British Consul - Achievements: o fostering the cultivation of cotton in the provinces o establishing the politico-military governments in the Visayas and in Mindanao RIZAL’S PARENTS Francisco Mercado Rizal (1818-1898) Place of Birth: Biñan, Laguna Date of Birth: May 11, 1818 Date of Death: January 5, 1898, age 80, Manila Studies: Latin and Philosophy, College of San Jose in Manila Date of Marriage: June 28, 1848

Summary on Life and Works of Rizal

Ron Cabz© (2013)

CHAPTER 1: Advent of A National Hero Others: -tenant-farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda during his early manhood following his parent’s death - hardy and independent-minded man - talked less and worked more - strong in body and valiant in spirit - “a model of fathers” according to Rizal in his writing entitled Memoirs of a Student in Manila - lost his father at the age of 8 and grew up to manhood under the care of his mother - met Teodora Alonso Realonda while studying in Manila - he and his wife settled down in Calamba where they engaged in farming and business and reared a big family Teodora Alonso Realonda (1826-1911) Place of birth: Manila Date of Birth: November 8, 1826 Date of Death: August 16, 1911, age 85, Manila Studies: College of Santa Rosa, a well-known college for girls in the city Others: - remarkable woman - refined culture - literary talent - business ability - fortitude of Spartan women - mathematician - was offered a life pension by the Philippine government but declined it - a worthy mother of a national hero Summary on Life and Works of Rizal

Ron Cabz© (2013)

CHAPTER 1: Advent of A National Hero THE RIZAL CHILDREN - 11 children (2 boys, 9 girls) 1. Saturnina (1850-1913) – oldest among them; oldest sis of R Nickname/Petname: Neneng Spouse: Manuel T. Hidalgo from Tanawan, Batangas 2. Paciano (1851-1930) Date of Death: April 13, 1930, old bachelor, age 79 Mistress: Severina Decena (2 children, boy & girl) Others: – older brother and confidant of Rizal – part of the Philippine Revolution and a combat general after Rizal’s execution – gentleman farmer and retired to his farm in Los Baños after the Revolution 3. Narcisa (1852-1939) Nickname: Sisa Spouse: Antonio Lopez, nephew of Fr. Leoncio Lopez and also a school teacher of Morong 4. Olimpia (1855-1887) – older sister of Rizal Nickname: Ypia Spouse: Silvestre Ubaldo, telegraph operator in Manila 5. Lucia (1857-1919) Spouse: Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, nephew of Fr. Casanas Cause of Death of Herbosa: Cholera (1889), denied of Christian burial for the reason that he was Rizal’s brother-in-law 6. Maria (1859-1945) Summary on Life and Works of Rizal

Ron Cabz© (2013)

CHAPTER 1: Advent of A National Hero Nickname: Biang Spouse: Daniel Fautisno Cruz of Biñan, Laguna 7. Jose (1861-1896) Nickname: Pepe Pertinent Facts: - greatest Filipino hero, peerless genius - lived with Josephine Bracken during his exile in Dapitan On Bracken: - Irish girl from Hong Kong - mother of the son of Rizal but this baby-boy died a few hours after birth; he was named “Francisco” after Rizal’s father and was buried in Dapitan 8. Concepcion (1862-1865) Nickname: Concha Cause of Death: Sickness, age 3 Others: Her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life 9. Josefa (1865-1945) Nickname: Panggoy Others: Died an old maid, age 80 10. Trinidad (1868-1951) Nickname: Trining Others: Died an old maid, age 83 11. Soledad (1870-1929) Nickname: Choleng Spouse: Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba Others: Youngest of the Rizal children Summary on Life and Works of Rizal

Ron Cabz© (2013)

CHAPTER 1: Advent of A National Hero FACTS ON RIZAL CHILDREN - affectionately cordial was the sibling rel. bet. Them - Doña or Señora (if married) and Señorita (if single) was the term added by Rizal to his sisters when he grew to manhood e.g. Doña Ypia, Señora Saturnina, Señorita Josefa and Señorita Trinidad for his unmarried sisters - Paciano was ten years older to Rizal - Paciano was not just a brother to Rizal but also a second brother to him - Paciano was respected by Rizal throughout his life and greatly valued his sagacious advice - Paciano was the wise Pilosopo Tasio in Rizal’s first novel, the Noli Me Tangere - Letter to Blumentritt, June 23,1888, London: Paciano was regarded by Rizal as the “most noble of Filipinos” - Letter to Blumentritt, October 12, 1888, London: Paciano was described by Rizal as more serious than he is, bigger and more slim that he is, not so dark, nose that is fine, beautiful and sharp, but is bow-legged RIZAL’S ANCESTRY - Rizal was a product of the mixture of races like a typical Filipino - east and west blood flowed in Rizal veins (Negrito, Indonesian, Malay, Chinese, Japanese, and Spanish) - a predominant Malayan and a magnificent specimen of Asian manhood

Summary on Life and Works of Rizal

Ron Cabz© (2013)

CHAPTER 1: Advent of A National Hero

Domingo Laméo (Domingo Mercado in 1731) - Ines de la Rosa

Franciso Mercado - Cirila Bernacha

Juan Mercado (one of their sons) Cirila Alejandro

Francisco Mercado (13 children, with Francisco as the youngest) - Teodora Realonda

RIZAL’S PARENTS!

Summary on Life and Works of Rizal

Ron Cabz© (2013)

CHAPTER 1: Advent of A National Hero Lakundala (said to be)

Eugenio Ursua - Benigna

Regina - Manuel de Quintos Brigida (one of their daughters) - Lorenzo Alberto Alonso Narcisa

Teodora

Gregorio RIZAL’S MOM!

Manuel

Jose Alberto Summary on Life and Works of Rizal

Ron Cabz© (2013)

CHAPTER 1: Advent of A National Hero Domingo Laméo - Rizal’s great-great grandfather on his father side - full-blooded Chinese - Chinese immigrant from the Fukien city of Changchow who arrived in Manila about 1690 - became a Christian - married to Ines de la Rosa - assumed the surname Mercado (the mercado Spanish term means “market”) during 1731 and is appropriate for him as he is a merchant Ines de la Rosa - well-to-do Chinese Christian girl of Manila - married to Domingo Laméo Francisco Mercado - son of Ines de la Rosa and Domingo Mercado - resided in Biñan and is married to Cirila Bernacha - elected gobernadorcillo (municipal mayor) of the town Cirila Bernacha - a Chinese-Filipino mestiza Juan Mercado - Rizal’s grandfather - one of the son’s of Francisco Mercado and Cirila Bernacha - married Cirila Alejandro, having 13 children, the youngest of which is Francisco Mercado who is Rizal’s father - also elected as a governadorcillo of Biñan like his father - a Capitan Summary on Life and Works of Rizal

Ron Cabz© (2013)

CHAPTER 1: Advent of A National Hero Cirila Alejandro - Chinese-Filipino mestiza - married Juan Mercado - a Capitana Lakandula - the last native king of Tondo Eugenio Ursua - Rizal’s maternal great-great-grandfather and of Japanese ancestry - married to Benigna Manuel de Quintos - a Filipino-Chinese lawyer from Pangasinan Lorenzo Alberto Alonso - a prominent Spanish-Filipino mestizo of Biñan THE SURNAME RIZAL - the real surname of the Rizal family was Mercado - Mercado as surname was adopted in 1731 by Domingo Laméo - the second surname Rizal was given by a Spanish alcalde mayor (provinvial governor) of Laguna who was also a family friend - in a letter to Blumentritt, Rizal said to him that he is the only Rizal as at home, his family preferred their old surname and that there are also many Mercados in the Philippines who are not related to their family

Summary on Life and Works of Rizal

Ron Cabz© (2013)

CHAPTER 1: Advent of A National Hero Ambassador Leon Ma. Guerrero - distinguished Rizalist and diplomat - stated that “his choice was prophetic for Rizal in Spanish means a field where wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again” THE RIZAL HOME - one of the distinguished stone houses in Calamba during the Spanish times - two-storey building, rectangular in shape, built of adobe stones and hard-woods, and roofed with red tiles - behind the house were the poultry yard full of turkeys and chickens and a big garden of tropical fruit trees e.g. atis, balimbing, chico, macopa, papaya, santol, tampoy Dr. Rafael Palma - one of Rizal’s prestigious biographers - gave a description of the Rizal’s home (see p.6) A GOOD AND MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILY - the Rizal family belonged to the principalia, meaning, a town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines - one of the distinguished families in Calamba - from the farms which were rented from the Dominican Order, they harvested rice, corn, and sugarcane and they raised pigs, chickens, and turkeys in their backyard (farming and stockraising) -Doña Teodora managed a general goods store and operated a small flour-mill and a home-made ham press

Summary on Life and Works of Rizal

Ron Cabz© (2013)

CHAPTER 1: Advent of A National Hero Evidence of their Affluence: - Rizal’s parents were able to build a large stone house situated near the town church and to buy another one - they owned a carriage which was a status symbol on the ilustrados in Spanish Philippines - they owned a private library which is the largest in Calamba and which also consisted of more than 1000 volumes - they sent their children to the colleges in Manila HOME LIFE OF THE RIZALS - simple, contented, and happy life - family ties were intimately close - their parents loved them but never spoiled them - strict parents and trained their children to love God, to behave well, to be obedient, and to respect people, especially the old folks - if the Rizal siblings got into mischief, they were given a sound spanking and they believed in the maxim: “Spare the rod and spoil the child.” - they hear Mass in the town church every day esp. during Sundays and Christian holidays - they prayed together daily at home (Angelus at sunset and the Rosary before retiring to bed at night - after the family prayers, all the children kissed the hands of their parents - they were given ample time and freedom to play (merrily in the azotea or in the garden by themselves) - the older ones were allowed to play with the children of other families

Summary on Life and Works of Rizal

Ron Cabz© (2013)