Chapter 05 Question

New Biology – a modern approach 1 Chapter 5: Diversity of organisms and classification ____________________________________________________________________________________ (i) A and B are animals in the same phylum but they belong to di erent classes. (1) State ONE structure present in the bodies of both animals which puts them in the same phylum. (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2) Name the class to which A belongs. (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ (3) Name the class to which B belongs. (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ (ii) The population of A in nature is very small. Suggest two methods to maintain or increase the population of this species. (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (iii) B can survive in a cold habitat. With reference to the external features shown in the photograph, state how B lives in the Antarctic Ocean. (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ (iv) C and D are classified into a group di erent from E. State one external feature shown in the photographs for justifying this classification. (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ (v) Both B and C lay eggs. Explain how B shows a higher degree of protection of its eggs than C. (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ ## (i) (1) backbone (1 mark) (2) mammals (1 mark) (3) birds (1 mark) (ii) establish a reserve area (1 mark) educate people how to protect them (1 mark) (iii) B has feathers on the body surface (1 mark) as a heat insulator to keep warm. (1 mark) (iv) C and D have three pairs of legs while E has many pairs of legs. (1 mark) (v) The eggs of B are protected by a hard shell. (1 mark) _________ (9 marks)## |!|EQA00500004|!| The following dichotomous key is used to classify animals into groups. ________________________________________________________________________________________ © Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007 180

New Biology – a modern approach 1 Chapter 5: Diversity of organisms and classification ____________________________________________________________________________________

(1)

Animals without backbone………… ..…..A Animals with backbone………………… .Go to (2)

(2)

Homoiotherms………………………… .. B Poikilotherms……………………… .….. Go to (3)

(3)

Animals with lungs for breathing ………. C Animals with gills for breathing ………... D (i) Give ONE example of A. (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ (ii)Which animal group(s) does B represent? (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ (iii) Among animals in group C, which class of animals use lungs for breathing in adults only? (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ (iv) Refer to the photo shown below: Using the letter in the dichotomous key, identify which letter represents the animal shown.(1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ ## (i) Any ONE example of invertebrates (e.g. bee, dragonfly, jellyfish, earthworm etc.) (1 mark) (ii) birds and mammals (2 marks) (iii) amphibians (1 mark) (iv) B (1 mark) _________ (5 marks)## |!|EQB00500005|!| * In a field study, Alice recorded her observations of three specimens. Two of them can make food in sunlight while one cannot. ________________________________________________________________________________________ © Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007 181

New Biology – a modern approach 1 Chapter 5: Diversity of organisms and classification ____________________________________________________________________________________ Features or others A B C Place where to find land water on decayed wood Colour green green grey Roots present absent absent Stems present absent absent Leaves present absent absent Flowers present absent absent Remark multicellular unicellular multicellular with hyphae and rhizoids (i) Name the substance that makes specimens A and B green in colour. (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ (ii)A, B and C are classified into different kingdoms. Name the kingdom to which each specimen belongs. (3 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (iii) A gives out oxygen in sunlight but carbon dioxide in darkness. Explain. (3 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (iv) Describe how C obtains food materials for growth. (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________

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New Biology – a modern approach 1 Chapter 5: Diversity of organisms and classification ____________________________________________________________________________________ (iii) In sunlight, A undergoes photosynthesis and respiration. (1 mark) Photosynthesis proceeds at a faster rate than respiration. Thus it gives out oxygen. (1 mark) In darkness, only respiration takes place so that it releases carbon dioxide. (1 mark) (iv) C is saprophytic. (1 mark) It breaks down organic matters in the wood to simple compounds for absorption. (1 mark) _________ (9 marks)## |!|EQB00500006|!| * The table below shows some features of four di erent animals: Animal 1 Animal 2 Animal 3 Animal 4 fins limbs hair beak gills lungs wings wings wet scales scaleless skin mammary glands dry scales (i) Can all animals above be grouped into a phylum? Explain. (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (ii)Which of the above animals is a mammal? Explain. (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (iii) Which of the above animals is a bird? Explain. (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (iv) Give an example each of animals 1, 2, 3 and 4. (4 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ## (i) Yes, the animals can be grouped into the phylum of vertebrates because (1 mark) they possess a backbone. (1 mark) (ii) Animal 3 (1 mark)

It possesses mammary glands.

New Biology – a modern approach 1 Chapter 5: Diversity of organisms and classification ____________________________________________________________________________________ Animal 3: Any mammals that have wings e.g. bat. (1 mark) Animal 4: Any birds e.g. pigeon, ostrich. (1 mark) _________ (10 marks)## |!|EQB00500007|!| * Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow: Miss Chan told Mary, ‘There were 100 birds of sample A reared in a farm. A flock of 20 birds of sample B, which was a closely related species to sample A, was introduced into the farm. Female birds of sample B were more attracted to male birds of sample A. Cross- breeding between the two species produced a new variety of fertile bird.’ (i) State TWO external features that distinguish birds from other vertebrate groups. (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ (ii) State TWO reasons, based on the passage, why the samples of birds are considered to be closely related. (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (iii) State the di erence in the source of nutrient during embryo development between birds and mammal. (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (iv) Name the type of fertilisation that takes place in birds. (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ (v) State the di erence in temperature control between birds and reptiles. (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ © Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007 184

New Biology – a modern approach 1 Chapter 5: Diversity of organisms and classification ____________________________________________________________________________________ ## (i) Presence offeathers and abea k . (2 marks) (ii) They cancro ss-b reed and produce fertile offspring . (2 marks) (iii) In birds, the source of nutrients is the yolk in the egg, (1 mark) while in mammals, the source of nutrients is the placenta inside the mother’s body. (1 mark) (iv)internal fertilisation (1 mark) (v) Birds are warm-blooded or homoiothermic (1 mark) while reptiles are cold-blooded or poikilothermic. (1 mark) _________ (9 marks)## |!|EQA00500008|!| The following dichotomous key is used to classify plants into groups:

(1)

Plants that have no vascular tissues…………………… .…A Plants that have vascular tissues………………………… go to (2)

(2)

Plants that do not produce seeds………………………… B Plants that produce seeds………………………………… go to (3)

(3)

Plants that cannot produce flowers…………………… ..…C Plant that can produce flowers…………………………… go to (4)

(4)

Plants that have only one cotyledon in their seeds …..…… D Plants that have two cotyledons in their seeds………… .… E (i) Which group of plants does A and B belong to respectively? Suggest a place where we can find both of them. (3 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (ii) Using the letter in the dichotomous key, identify the group of plants that have cones. (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ (iii)Suggest an external feature that can help to identify D and E in the natural environment. (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ (iv) Give ONE example of plants that belongs to group: (1) D (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ © Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007 185

New Biology – a modern approach 1 Chapter 5: Diversity of organisms and classification ____________________________________________________________________________________ (i) State TWO features, visible in the diagrams, which show that all are insects. (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (ii)Mayfly nymphs are aquatic. State the special adaptation shown in the diagrams that enables them to live in water. (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________

e the key below to identify the species of each mayfly: 1. Rear pair of legs pointing towards tails…………………..….go to 2 Rear pair of legs pointing forwards or sideways…….………go to 3 2. Gills projecting sideways from body………………..…..…..Paraleptophlebia Gills folded over body………………………………..….….Ephemera 3. Each gill being a single flat plate……………………………go to 4 Each gill divided into two strands…………………….…….Potomanthus 4. Tails feather-like in shape…………………………….……..Centroptilum Tails needle-shaped………………….……………….……..Ecdyonurus Using the letters given in the diagrams, complete the tables below: (5 marks) Genus Mayfly nymph Paraleptophlebia Ephemera Potomanthus Centroptilum Ecdyonurus (iv) The key shown in (iii) is dichotomous. Give the meaning of ‘dichotomous’. (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ ## (i) Body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen. (1 mark) There are three pairs of legs. (1 mark) (ii) They have gills for breathing in water. (1 mark) ________________________________________________________________________________________ © Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007 187

New Biology – a modern approach 1 Chapter 5: Diversity of organisms and classification ____________________________________________________________________________________ __________ (10 marks)## |!|EQB00500011|!| * In a field trip, several students made observations of some organisms. Although they were unable to identify them, they reported their observations as follows: Student A: I saw the organism in water. Its body was covered with slimy scales. (Organism A) Student B: The organism stood on the ground when I saw it. It walked on 2 legs which were covered by dry scales. It flew away when I walked nearby. (Organism B) Student C: It was laying eggs under a stone when I found it. The colour of its dry and scaly skin changed from green to brown. (Organism C) Student D: It had a segmented tubular body. It burrowed into the soil immediately when I tried to touch it. (Organism D) Student E: The organism was brownish black in colour. It had a long and segmented body with two pairs of walking legs on each segment. (Organism E) (i) (1) From the above observations, identify which organisms are vertebrates. (3 marks) ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ (2) What is the major di erence between vertebrates and invertebrates? (1 mark) ____________________________________________________________________________ (ii) Among the vertebrates, which organism(s) (1) is / are homoiothermic? (1 mark) __________________________________________________________________________ (2) carry / carries out internal fertilisation? (2 marks) __________________________________________________________________________ (3) breathe(s) with gills in the adult stage? (1 mark) __________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ © Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007 189

New Biology – a modern approach 1 Chapter 5: Diversity of organisms and classification ____________________________________________________________________________________ (iii) Which classes of vertebrates were not mentioned by the students? Name the classes and give ONE example of each of them. (4 marks) _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ## (i) (1) Organisms A, B and C. (3 marks) (2) Vertebrates have a backbone (vertebral column) while invertebrates do not. (1 mark) (ii) (1) Organism B. (1 mark) (2) Organisms B and C. (2 marks) (3) Organism A. (1 mark) (iii) Amphibians, example: frog (or any reasonable answers) (2 marks) Mammals, example: lion (or any reasonable answers) (2 marks) __________ (12 marks)## |!|EQA00500012|!| The picture below shows the structure of a virus: A B DC

(i) Name structures A to D. (4 marks) A:________________________ B:________________________ C:________________________ D:________________________ (ii) Which instrument is needed for the observation of viruses? (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ (iii) Do viruses belong to any of the five kingdoms? Give TWO explanations to your answer. (3 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (iv) Name TWO diseases caused by viruses. (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ © Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007 190

New Biology – a modern approach 1 Chapter 5: Diversity of organisms and classification ____________________________________________________________________________________ ## (i) A: protein coat B: nucleic acid C: sheath D: tail fibre (1 mark each) (4 marks) (ii) electron microscope (1 mark) (iii) No. (1 mark) Viruses do not have all the seven characteristics of living organisms. And they have no internal cellular structure, cell wall or cell membrane. (2 marks) (iv) Influenza, SARS, AIDS, Avian flu (Any two or any reasonable answers) (2 marks) __________ (10 marks)## |!|EQB00500013|!| * STS Connections The import, export or possession of endangered species is strictly regulated by the Animals and Plants (Protection of Endangered Species) Ordinance. Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department received the following endangered specimens of vertebrates: A. Rat-kangaroos (草原袋鼠) B. Golden Toad (金蟾蜍) C. Cui-ui (內華達州呵吸鯉) D. Humboldt Penguin (洪氏環企鵝) E. Sea Turtle (海龜) F. South American Rattlesnake (南美響尾蛇) G. Masked Palm Civet (果子狸) H. Great Egret (大白鷺) (i) Classify the above specimens into di erent classes. (8 marks) A:_______________ B:_______________ C:_______________ D:_______________ E:_______________ F:_______________ G:_______________ H:_______________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ © Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007 191

New Biology – a modern approach 1 Chapter 5: Diversity of organisms and classification ____________________________________________________________________________________ (ii) How is B di erent from the other seven specimens? Name another example in the same class as B. (4 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (iii) State one feature found in Great Egret but not in Masked Palm Civet. (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ (iv) Which of the above vertebrates (4 marks) (1) has / have no legs? ____________________________________________________________________________ (2) is / are homoiothermic? ____________________________________________________________________________ (3) carry / carries out external fertilisation? ____________________________________________________________________________ ## (i) A: Mammals B: Amphibians C: Fishes D: Birds E: Reptiles F: Reptiles G: Mammals H: Birds (1 mark each) (8 marks) (ii) They have moist, scaleless skin. (1 mark) The adults live on land and breathe with lungs and skin. (1 mark) The larvae live in water and breathe with gills. (1 mark) Example: salamander (or any reasonable answers) (1 mark) (iii) Great Egret has feathers covering the body but Masked Palm Civet has hair instead. (or any reasonable answers) (1 mark)

C, F (2) A, D, G, H (3) B, C (½ mark each) (4 marks) __________ (17 marks)## ________________________________________________________________________________________ © Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007 192

New Biology – a modern approach 1 Chapter 5: Diversity of organisms and classification ____________________________________________________________________________________ |!|EQA00500014|!| On a field trip to Sai Kung, a student found a living specimen. Suggest THREE characteristics of this specimen if it is (i) a mammal. (3 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (ii) a fish. (3 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (iii) a reptile. (3 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ## (i) -have hair on skin (1 mark) -have mammary glands in females (1 mark) -have a higher respiratory rate (or any reasonable answers) (1 mark) (ii) -an aquatic cold-blooded vertebrate (1 mark) -the body is covered with wet and slimy scales (1 mark) -has gills for breathing and fins for swimming (or any reasonable answers) (1 mark) (iii) -a terrestrial cold-blooded vertebrate (1 mark) -the body is covered with hard, dry scales (1 mark) -has lungs for breathing (or any reasonable answers) (1 mark) _________ (9 marks)## ________________________________________________________________________________________ © Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007 193

New Biology – a modern approach 1 Chapter 5: Diversity of organisms and classification ____________________________________________________________________________________ |!|EQB00500015|!| * The following list shows a variety of living organisms: A. frog B. jelly fish C. sparrow D. amoeba E. carp F. whale G. turtle H. bacterium I. spirogyra J. bat To which of the above living organisms do the following descriptions apply? (Use letter(s) only to answer each of the following questions.) (i) presence of feathers _____________________ (ii) a mammal _____________________ (iii) unicellular _____________________ (iv) presence of a cell wall _____________________ (v) an amphibian _____________________ (vi) an invertebrate _____________________ (vii) a homoiotherm _____________________ (viii) larvae use gills for gaseous exchange _____________________ (ix) a vertebrate which lays eggs out of water _____________________ (x) presence of scales _____________________ (9 marks) ## (i) C (ii)

F, J (iii) D H

New Biology – a modern approach 1 Chapter 5: Diversity of organisms and classification ____________________________________________________________________________________ (i) (1) Name the group of animals in Room B. (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2) State ONE common external feature of the animals in this room. (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ (ii) The animals in Room A belong to a group di erent from the other animals in the exhibition. What is this group? Suggest an explanation for this. (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (iii) Room D is reserved for the animal shown in the photograph below: (1) Name this class of animal. (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2) If all the animals in Room D belong to the same group, name TWO other animals that you may find in Room D. (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ ## (i) (1) amphibians (1 mark) (2) The body is covered by wet naked skin . (or any reasonable answers) (1 mark) (ii) invertebrates (1 mark) They have nobackbon e . (1 mark) (iii) (1)reptiles (1 mark) (2) crocodile, snake (or any reasonable answers) (2 marks) __________ (7 marks)## ________________________________________________________________________________________ © Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007 195

New Biology – a modern approach 1 Chapter 5: Diversity of organisms and classification ____________________________________________________________________________________ (ii)Identify organisms A, B, C, D and E. Write down the sequence that you work through to arrive at your answers. (10 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (iii)Classify the plants into different groups. (3½ marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (iv)Name and compare the seed-bearing structures in organisms A and D. (3 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ## (i) dichotomous key (1 mark) (ii) A: 1-2-4 maize (1+1 marks) B: 1-3Polytrichum (1+1 marks) C: 1-2-4Bauhinia (1+1 marks) D: 1-2 ginkgo (1+1 marks) E: 1-3-5Volvox (scientific name should be underlined when handwritten) (1+1 marks) (iii) Ferns: B Gymnosperms: D Angiosperms: A, C (name:½ mark each; group name:½ mark each) (3½ marks) (iv) A: fruits, D: cones (½ mark each) (1 mark) The seeds are well protected in the fruits of plant A. (1 mark) The seeds are naked in the cones of plant D. (1 mark) __________ (17½ marks)## ________________________________________________________________________________________ © Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007 197

New Biology – a modern approach 1 Chapter 5: Diversity of organisms and classification ____________________________________________________________________________________ |!|EQB00500018|!| * STS Connections The paragraph below is related to a new plant species which was given a name recently: ‘Balanophora hongkongensis’ grows in the shaded area of a forest on a hill at an elevation of 200 m. It flowers from late November through December. The forest community where the new species was found consists of trees, shrubs and woody vines. The herb grows on the roots of its host plant. Nutrients are taken directly from the host, Bauhinia championii , rather than from the ground or produced by photosynthesis. (i) What are the genus name and the species name of the plant, respectively? (2 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ (ii) From its species name, guess the place where it was first found. (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ (iii) Which class can the plant be grouped into? State TWO features and give ONE example of this class of plants. (4 marks) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (iv) What is the mode of nutrition of this new plant? (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ (v) Suggest ONE reason why the plant was discovered only recently. (1 mark) _______________________________________________________________________________ ## (i) Genus name:Balanophora (1 mark) Species name: Balanophora hongkongensis (scientific name should be underlined when handwritten) (1 mark) (ii) Hong Kong (1 mark) (iii) angiosperm / flowering plant (1 mark) All of them have flowers for reproduction. (1 mark) Their seeds are found inside the fruits. (1 mark) Sunflower / maize (or any reasonable answers) (1 mark) (iv) parasitic mode of nutrition (1 mark) (v) The plant can only be discovered when it flowers. However, it only flowers in a short period of time throughout the year. (or any reasonable answers) (1 mark) __________ (9 marks)## |!|EQA00500019|!|

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New Biology – a modern approach 1 Chapter 5: Diversity of organisms and classification ____________________________________________________________________________________ ## (i) (1) A, C, D (½ mark each) (1½ marks) (2) E (½ mark) (ii) A E B D C

(classifying category: 1 mark each) (4 marks) (Correct lining / drawing: 1 mark) (1 mark) (or any reasonable answers) (iii) A: birds (½ mark) C: mammals (½ mark) (iv) (1) amphibians and reptiles (1 mark) (2) Both birds and mammals are homoiotherms. They can maintain a constant body temperature that allows them to remain active. (1 mark)