Chap 1 - 4 Representation en Perspectives

 

IN@TGZRM 0-: ; RMTR RMTRMYMOZ@ MYMOZ@ZGHO ZGHO MO TMRYTMIZGQMY HBKMIZGA ; Rmprçsmotmr Rmprçs motmr uom pgîim mo pmrspmitgvm pmrspmitgvm i`v`lgîrm hu `xhoheçtrgqum

0-  B]Z JM L@ RMTRMYMOZ@ZGHO RMTRMYMOZ@ZGHO MO TMRYT TMRYTMIZGQ MIZGQMY MY  L` rmprçsmot`t rmprçsmot`tgho gho mo pmrspmitgvms ` phur b but ut jm jh jhoomr oomr j‗uom pgîim ohre`lmemot rmprçsmotçm p`r l` eçtnhjm eçtn hjm jms prhkmitghos hrtnh hrtnhcho`l cho`lms, ms, uom rmprçsmot`tgho rmprçsmot` tgho iheplçemot iheplçemot`g `grm rm pmremtt`ot jm s`gsgr r`pgjmemot lms ahrems mxtçrgmurms jm imttm imt tm pgîim. 2-  ZWTM  ZWTMY Y JM TMRYTMIZGQMY

Gl mxgstm m xgstm trhgs typms jm pm pmrspmitgvms rspmitgvms ; L` pmrspmitgvm p mrspmitgvm i`v`lgîrm i`v`lgîrm 6 Lms pmrspmitgvms p mrspmitgvms `xhoheçt `xhoh eçtrgq rgqums ums 6 L` pmrspmitgvm j‗nhrgzho.  Ohus ohus oh us `ppms` `ppms`otgrhos otgrhos sur lms lms jmux prmegîrms. p rmegîrms. 9-  L@ TMRYTMIZGQM I@Q@LGMRM 9-0 JMAGOGZGHO L` pmrspmitgvm p mrspmitgvm i`v`lgîrm i`v`lgîrm mst l` prhkmi prhkmitgho tgho hblgqum hblgqum j‗uo hbkmt hb kmt sur uo pl`o pl`o p`r` p`r`lllîlm ä s` a`im

prgoigp`lm. J`os uom pmrspmitgvm pmrspmit gvm i`v`lgîrm, i`v`lgîrm, lms lms a`ims jm l` l` pgîim p`r`llîl p`r`llîlms ms ä l` a`im prgoigp`l prgoigp`lmm shot jmssgoçms j mssgoçms mo vr`gm cr`ojmur c r`ojmur mt om sho shott p`s jçah jçahreçms reçms 6 lms `utrms shot sho t jçahreçms (lms rmit`oc rmit`ocllms mt lms lms i`rrçs jmvgmoomot jmvgmoo mot jms p`r`llçl p`r`llçlhcr`e hcr`eems, ems, lms lms imrilms imrilms jmvgmoomot jmvgmoomo t jms mll mllgpsms). 9-2TRGOIGTM JM L@ TMRYTMIZGQM I@Q@LGMRM I@Q@LGMRM

Ho inhgsgt uom a`im prgoigp`lm prgoigp`lm jm j m ll`` pgîim, jm prçaçrmoim imll imllm qug ihephrtm iheph rtm lm lm p pllus j jmm jçt`gl jçt` glss hu imlllm qug ihephrtm iml ihep hrtm jms trhus vus mo bhut (rmprçsmotçs p`r jms imrilms imrilms j`os lm lm pl`o pl`o ijm prhkmitgho), pugs ho `jhptm uo `oc `ocllm jm augtm augtm mt uo ihmaagig ih maagigmot mot jm rçjuitgho, mt moago ho prhkmttm l‗hbkmt mo tmo`ot tmo `ot iheptm jm l‗çinml l‗çinmlllm ju jmssgo.  

Agc. 0 Trgoigpm jm l`

Agc. 2 ; Q`lmurs Q`lmur s jms

pmrspmitgvm

i`r`itçrgstgqums p`r

i`v`lgîrm

jça`ut jm l` pmrspmitgvm i`v`lgîrm

Agc. 9 ; ihostruitgho jms imrilms mt jms mllgpsms sur l` pmrspmitgvm i`v`lgîrm

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ihurs jm Zmi Zminohlh nohlhcgm cgm jm Ihostruitgho - BZY0BZY0- Rmprçsmot`tgho mo pmrspmitgvms ’ T`cm 0/:

 

L` lhoc lhocumur umur jms auy`otms pmut ëtrm hbtmoum p`r l` l` ahreulm ahreulm l 5 L x M x f --- l ; lhocumur jms auy`otms 6 L ; lhocumur jm l‗`rrëtm ihosgjçrçm ------- M ; Minmllm ju jmssgo F ; ihmaagigmot ihmaagigmot jm rçjuitgho jms auy`otms auy`otms Rme`rqums Rme` rqums ; (vhgr agcurm agcurm ig-jmsshus)

J`os uom pmrspmitgvm pmrspmit gvm i`v`lgîrm, i`v`lgîrm, lms lms agl aglmt`c mt`cms ms shot rmprçsmotçs rmprçsmotç s p`r jms mllgpsms mllgpsms mo ttr`gts r`gts agos. agos. ]om pmrspmitgvm pmut subgr uom ihupm (0/2 jm pgîim hu ¼ jm pgîim molmvçm) Lhrs jm l` iht`t iht`tgho gho j‗uom pmrspmitgvm, lms lms lgcoms jm j m ihtms iht ms jhgvmot ëtrm p`r`ll p`r`llîl îlms ms `ux auy`otms auy`ot ms hu `ux jgrmitghos prgoigp`l prgoigp`lms ms .

Agc. 9 ; Tmrspmitgvm j‗uo aglmt`cm, j‗uom pgîim pgîim `u ¼ molmvçm, mt mt j‗uom pgîim ihtçm ih tçm

:-  LMY TMRYTMIZGQMY TMRYTMIZG QMY @^HOHEMZRGP]MY :-0 JMAGOGZGHO Lms pmrspmitgvms p mrspmitgvms `xhoheçtrgqums `xhoheçtrgqums sshot hot hbtmoums h btmoums p`r prhkmitgho hblgqum hblgqum jm l‗hbkmt l‗hbkmt sur uo pl`o

hblgqum p hblgqum p`r `r r`pphrt ä sms a`ims prgoigp`l prgoigp`lms. ms. J`os lms lms pmrspmitgvms `xhoheçtrgqums `xhoheçtrgqums `uiuom a`im jm l` l` pgîim o‗mst jmssgoçm mo vr`gm cr`ojmur, cr`oj mur, thutms lms lms a`ims shot jçahreçms. Gl mxgstm trhgs typms jm pmrspmitgvms `xhoheçt `xhoh eçtrgq rgqums ums q qug ug jgaaîrmot lms lms uoms jms `utrms p`r lms lms  v`lmurs  v`l murs jms `oclms `oclms jm aaugtm ugtm mt jms ihmaagigmots jm rçjuitgho ; L` pmrspmitgvm pmrspmit gvm gsheçtrgqum (thus lms lms `ocl `oc lms mt ihmaagigmots jm rçjuitgho shot sh ot çc`ux) 6 Lms pmrspmitgvms pmrspmit gvms jg eçtrgqu eçtrgqumm usuml usumlllm mt jg j g eçtrgqum rmjrmssçm (jmux jms `oclms ` oclms mt jmux jms ihmaagigmots ihmaag igmots jm rçjuitg rçjuitgho ho shot çc`ux) 6 L` pmrspmitgvm pmrspmit gvm trg eçtrgqum (lms (lms `ocl `oc lms mt lms ihmaagigmots jm rçjuitgho shot thus jgaaçrmots) jgaaçrmots) .

 ZWTMY  ZWTM Y JM TMRYTMIZGQMY

Agc. : ; Lms jgaaçrmots typms jm pmrspmit pmrspmitgvms gvms `xhoheçtrgq `xhoheçtrgqums ums

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ihurs jm Zmi Zminohlh nohlhcgm cgm jm Ihostruitgho - BZY0BZY0- Rmprçsmot`tgho mo pmrspmitgvms ’ T`cm 2/:

 

T`reg lms lms pmrspmitgvms `xhoheçtrgq `xho heçtrgqums, ums, l` l` plus utglgsçm utglgsçm mst l` pmrspmitgvm gsheçtrgqu gsheçtrgqum, m, jhot jho t ho pmut sm smrvgr phur rmprçsmotmr lms lms hbkmts agl aglmtçs ( agc. =) , lms mosmebl mosmeb lms çil`tçs çil`tçs (agc. ( agc. 1), lms lms pgîims ihtçms ihtçm s (agc. 3) , lms lms pgîims `u ¼ molmvçms (agc. >)

.

Agc. = ; Tmrspmitgv T mrspmitgvm m gsheçtrgq gsheçtrgqum um j‗uom vgs j‗`ssmebl`cm  

Agc. 1 ; Tmrspmitgvm gsheçtrgqum j‗uo mosmeblm mosme blm çil`tç (khgot jm i`rj`o)

Agc. 1 ; Tmrspmitgv T mrspmitgvm m gsheçtrgq gsheçtrgqum um j‗uom pgîim ihtçm 

Agc. 3 ; Tmrspmitg Tmrspmitgvm vm gsheçtrgq gsheçtrgqum um j‗uom pgîim `u ¼ molmvç 

Mxmrigim j‗`pplgi`tgh j‗`pp lgi`tgho o 0 ; @ p`rtgr ju

jmssgo jm l` l` pgîim ig-ihotrm mo prhkmitgho hrtn hrtnhc hcho`lm ho`lm ä ll‗çinm ‗çinmlllm 0, çt`blgr çt` blgr ä l‗çinml ‗çinm llm 2 `u ir`yho mt `ux gostruemots, l` l` pmrspmitgvm i`v`lgîrm i`v`lgîrm (`ocllm jms auy`otms 5 :=´ , ihmaagigmot (`oc jms auy`otms auy`o tms 5 4,=) Inhgsgr ihovmo`bl ihovmo` blmemot memot l` l` a`im prgoigp`l prgoigp`lm. m.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ihurs jm Zmi Zminohlh nohlhcgm cgm jm Ihostruitgho - BZY0BZY0- Rmprçsmot`tgho mo pmrspmitgvms ’ T`cm 9/:

 

Mxmrigim j‗`pplgi`tgho j‗` pplgi`tgho 2 

Ho jçagogt uom butçm ig-ihotrm p`r sms trhgs vums ä l‗çinmllm 2;= mt ig -jmssus p`r s` pmrspmitgvm i`v`lgîrm go`inmvçm ä l‗çinmllm 0;0  Zr`v`gl ä a`grm

; (agcurm 9)

0) Mxçiutmr sur l` pmrspmitgvm pmrspmitgvm lm in`oarmgo mt l‗mot`gllm tmllm qum jçago gs sur lms vums 6 2) A`grm l` egsm `u omt jm imttm pmrspmitgvm

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ihurs jm Zmi Zminohlh nohlhcgm cgm jm Ihostruitgho - BZY0BZY0- Rmprçsmot`tgho mo pmrspmitgvms ’ T`cm :/: