Ch 5 Test Bank

Chapter 5: Activity-Based Costing and Cost Management Systems MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Consider the following statements regarding traditional costing systems: I. Overhead costs are applied to products on the basis of volume-related measures. II. All manufacturing costs are easily traceable to the goods produced. III. Traditional costing systems tend to distort unit manufacturing costs when numerous goods are made that have widely varying production requirements. Which of the above statements is (are) true? A. I only. B. II only. C. III only. D. I and III. E. II and III. Answer: D LO: 2 Type: N 2. The following tasks are associated with an activity-based costing system: 1—Calculation of cost application rates 2—Identification of cost drivers 3—Assignment of cost to products 4—Identification of cost pools Which of the following choices correctly expresses the proper order of the preceding tasks? A. 1, 2, 3, 4. B. 2, 4, 1, 3. C. 3, 4, 2, 1. D. 4, 2, 1, 3. E. 4, 2, 3, 1. Answer: D LO: 2 Type: RC 5. Alamo's customer service department follows up on customer complaints by telephone inquiry. During a recent period, the department initiated 7,000 calls and incurred costs of $203,000. If 2,940 of these calls were for the company's wholesale operation (the remainder were for the retail division), costs allocated to the retail division should amount to: A. $0. B. $29. C. $85,260. D. $117,740. E. $203,000. Answer: D LO: 3 Type: A

124

Hilton, Managerial Accounting, Sixth Edition

Use the following to answer questions 6-14: HiTech Products manufactures three types of DVD players: Economy, Standard, and Deluxe. The company, which uses activity-based costing, has identified five activities (and related cost drivers). Each activity, its budgeted cost, and related cost driver is identified below. Activity Material handling Material insertion Automated machinery Finishing Packaging Total

Cost $ 225,000 2,475,000 840,000 170,000 170,000 $3,880,000

Cost Driver Number of parts Number of parts Machine hours Direct labor hours Orders shipped

The following information pertains to each product line of DVD players for next year:

Units to be produced Orders to be shipped Number of parts per unit Machine hours per unit Labor hours per unit

Economy 10,000 1,000 10 1 2

Standard 5,000 500 15 3 2

Deluxe 2,000 200 25 5 2

6. What is HiTech's cost application rate for the material-handling activity? A. $1.00 per part. B. $2.25 per part. C. $6.62 per labor hour. D. $13.23 per part. E. An amount other than those listed above. Answer: A LO: 3 Type: A 7. What is HiTech's cost application rate for the automated machinery activity? A. $24.00 per machine hour. B. $24.50 per labor hour. C. $49.42 per unit. D. $50.00 per machine hour. E. An amount other than those listed above. Answer: A LO: 3 Type: A 8. What is HiTech's cost application rate for the finishing activity? A. $5.00 per labor hour. B. $5.00 per machine hour. C. $5.00 per unit.

Chapter 5

125

D. $7.50 per unit. E. An amount other than those listed above. Answer: A LO: 3 Type: A 9. What is HiTech's cost application rate for the packaging activity? A. $4.86 per machine hour. B. $5.00 per labor hour. C. $10.00 per unit. D. $100.00 per order shipped. E. An amount other than those listed above. Answer: D LO: 3 Type: A 10. Under an activity-based costing system, what is the per-unit cost of Economy? A. $141. B. $164. C. $225. D. $228. E. An amount other than those listed above. Answer: B LO: 3 Type: A 11. Under an activity-based costing system, what is the per-unit cost of Standard? A. $164. B. $228. C. $272. D. $282. E. An amount other than those listed above. Answer: C LO: 3 Type: A 12. Under an activity-based costing system, what is the per-unit cost of Deluxe? A. $272. B. $282. C. $320. D. $440. E. An amount other than those listed above. Answer: D LO: 3 Type: A 13. Assume that HiTech is using a volume-based costing system, and the preceding manufacturing costs are applied to all products based on direct labor hours. How much of the preceding cost is assigned to Deluxe? A. $456,471. B. $646,471. C. $961,176. D. $1,141,176. E. An amount other than those listed above. Answer: A LO: 2 Type: A

126

Hilton, Managerial Accounting, Sixth Edition

14. Assume that HiTech is using a volume-based costing system, and the preceding manufacturing costs are applied to all products based on direct labor hours. How much of the preceding cost is assigned to Standard? A. $456,471. B. $646,471. C. $961,176. D. $1,141,176. E. An amount other than those listed above. Answer: D LO: 2 Type: A 15. Activity-based costing systems: A. use a single, volume-based cost driver. B. assign overhead to products based on the products' relative usage of direct labor. C. often reveal products that were under- or overcosted by traditional costing systems. D. typically use fewer cost drivers than more traditional costing systems. E. have a tendency to distort product costs. Answer: C LO: 3, 4 Type: RC 19. Of the following organizations, activity-based costing cannot be used by: A. manufacturers. B. financial-services firms. C. book publishers. D. hotels. E. none of the above, as all are able to use this costing system. Answer: E LO: 6 Type: RC 20. Which of the following statements about activity-based costing (ABC) is false? A. ABC cannot be used by service businesses. B. ABC, in conjunction with activity-based management, can help a company eliminate (or reduce) non-value-added costs. C. In comparison with traditional-c os t i ngs y s t e ms , ABCr e s ul t si nl e s sc os t“ a v e r a g i ng ” of various diversified activities. D. In comparison with traditional-costing systems, ABC results in more costs being classified as direct costs. E. ABC tends to reduce cost distortion among product lines. Answer: A LO: 6 Type: N

Chapter 5

127

EXERCISES Activity-Based Costing, Traditional Costing 22. The controller for Mitchell Supply Company has established the following overhead cost pools and cost drivers:

Overhead Cost Pool Machine setups Material handling Quality control inspection Other overhead costs Total

Overhead Cost Pool Machine setups Material handling Quality control Other overhead

Budgeted Overhead Cost $150,000 52,500 37,500 90,000 $330,000 Budgeted Level for Cost Driver 100 setups 50,000 units 1,000 inspections 15,000 machine hours

Cost Driver Number of setups Units of raw material Number of inspections Machine hours

Overhead Rate $1,500 per setup $1.05 per unit $37.50 per inspection $6 per machine hour

Order no. 610 has the following production requirements: Machine setups Raw material Inspections Machine hours

5 setups 10,000 units 12 inspections 600 machine hours

Required: A. Compute the total overhead that should be assigned to order no. 610 by using activity-based costing. B. Suppose that Mitchell were to use a single, predetermined overhead rate based on machine hours. Compute the rate per hour and the total overhead assigned to order no. 610. C. Discuss the merits of an activity-based costing system in comparison with a traditional costing system. LO: 2, 3 Type: A, N

128

Hilton, Managerial Accounting, Sixth Edition

Answer: A. Overhead Cost Pool Machine setups Material handling Quality control Other overhead costs Total B

Predetermined Overhead Rate $1,500 per setup $1.05 per unit $37.50 per inspection $6 per machine hour

Level of Cost Driver 5 setups 10,000 units 12 inspections 600 machine hours

Cost $ 7,500 10,500 450 3,600 $22,050

$330,000  15,000 machine hours = $22 per hour; $22 per hour x 600 hours = $13,200

C. Activity-based costing (ABC) uses multiple cost drivers, more closely aligning individual costs with the factors that are creating them. Traditional systems, in contrast, use fe we rdr i ve r sa ndt h e r e f or er e s ul ti n“ l ump i ng ”ofun l i k ea c t i vi t i e s together. The end result is that ABC tends to eliminate the cost distortion that sometimes arises with traditional systems, more specifically, the under- or overcosting of products.

Chapter 5

129

Activity-Based Costing: Analysis Emphasis 23. Lennox Industries manufactures two products: A and B. A review of the company's accounting records revealed the following per-unit costs and production volumes:

Production volume (units) Direct material Direct labor: 2 hours at $12 3 hours at $12 Manufacturing overhead: 2 hours at $93 3 hours at $93

A 2,500 $ 40

B 5,000 $ 60

24 36 186 279

Manufacturing overhead is currently computed by spreading overhead of $1,860,000 over 20,000 direct labor hours. Management is considering a shift to activity-based costing in an effort to improve the firm's accounting procedures, and the following data are available:

Cost Pool Setups General factory Machine processing

Cost $ 240,000 1,500,000 120,000 $1,860,000

Cost Driver Number of setups Direct labor hours Machine hours

Cost Driver Volume A B Total 100 20 120 5,000 15,000 20,000 2,200 800 3,000

Lennox determines selling prices by adding 40% to a product's total cost. Required: A. Compute the per-unit cost and selling price of product B by using Lennox's current costing procedures. B. Compute the per-unit overhead cost of product B if the company switches to activity-based costing. C. Compute the total per-unit cost and selling price under activity-based costing. D. Lennox has recently encountered significant international competition for product B, with considerable business being lost to very aggressive suppliers. Will activity-based costing allow the company to be more competitive with product B from a price perspective? Briefly explain. E. Will the cost and selling price of product A likely increase or decrease if Lennox changes to activity-based costing? Why? Hint: No calculations are necessary.

130

Hilton, Managerial Accounting, Sixth Edition

Answer: A. Direct material Direct labor Manufacturing overhead Per-unit cost Markup ($375 x 40%) Selling price B.

$ 60 36 279 $375 150 $525

Setups: $240,000 ÷ 120 setups = $2,000 per setup General factory: $1,500,000 ÷ 20,000 direct labor hours = $75 per direct labor hour Machine processing: $120,000 ÷ 3,000 machine hours = $40 per machine hour Overhead cost for product B: Setups: 20 setups x $2,000 General factory: 15,000 labor hours x $75 Machine processing: 800 machine hours x $40 Total

$

40,000 1,125,000 32,000 $1,197,000

Overhead per unit: $1,197,000 ÷ 5,000 units = $239.40 C.

Direct material Direct labor Manufacturing overhead Per-unit cost Markup ($335.40 x 40%) Selling price

D.

Yes. The switch to activity-based costing results in a lower cost being assigned to product B ($335.40 vs. $375) and thus a lower selling price.

E.

Because less overhead cost is assigned to product B under activity-based costing, more will be assigned to product A. A higher cost translates into a higher selling price.

Chapter 5

$ 60.00 36.00 239.40 $335.40 134.16 $469.56

131

Activity-Based and Traditional Costing; Cost Distortion 24. Scott, Inc., manufactures two products, Regular and Deluxe, and applies overhead on the basis of direct labor hours. Anticipated overhead and direct labor time for the upcoming accounting period are $1,600,000 and 25,000 hours, respectively. Information about the company's products follows. Regular— Estimated production volume: 3,000 units Direct materials cost: $28 per unit Direct labor per unit: 3 hours at $15 per hour Deluxe— Estimated production volume: 4,000 units Direct materials cost: $42 per unit Direct labor per unit: 4 hours at $15 per hour Scott's overhead of $1,600,000 can be identified with three major activities: order processing ($250,000), machine processing ($1,200,000), and product inspection ($150,000). These activities are driven by number of orders processed, machine hours worked, and inspection hours, respectively. Data relevant to these activities follow.

Regular Deluxe Total

Orders Processed 320 180 500

Machine Hours Worked 16,000 24,000 40,000

Inspection Hours 4,000 6,000 10,000

Required: A. Compute the application rates that would be used for order processing, machine processing, and product inspection in an activity-based costing system. B. Assuming use of activity-based costing, compute the unit manufacturing costs of Regular and Deluxe if the expected manufacturing volume is attained. C. How much overhead would be applied to a unit of Regular and Deluxe if the company used traditional costing and applied overhead solely on the basis of direct labor hours? Which of the two products would be undercosted by this procedure? Overcosted? LO: 2, 3, 4 Type: A, N

132

Hilton, Managerial Accounting, Sixth Edition

Answer: A. Order processing: $250,000 ÷ 500 orders processed (OP) = $500 per OP Machine processing: $1,200,000 ÷ 40,000 machine hours (MH) = $30 per MH Product inspection: $150,000 ÷ 10,000 inspection hours (IH) = $15 per IH B.

Order processing, machine processing, and product inspection costs of a Regular unit and a Deluxe unit: Activity Regular Deluxe Order processing: 320 OP x $500 $ 160,000 180 OP x $500 $ 90,000 Machine processing: 16,000 MH x $30 480,000 24,000 MH x $30 720,000 Product inspection: 4,000 IH x $15 60,000 6,000 IH x $15 90,000 Total $700,000 $900,000 Production volume (units) 3,000 4,000 Cost per unit $233.33* $225.00** * **

$700,000 ÷ 3,000 units = $233.33 $900,000 ÷ 4,000 units = $225.00

The manufactured cost of a Regular unit is $306.33, and the manufactured cost of a Deluxe unit is $327.00:

Direct materials Direct labor: 3 hours x $15 4 hours x $15 Order processing, machine processing, and inspection Total cost C.

Chapter 5

Regular $ 28.00

Deluxe $ 42.00

45.00 233.33

60.00 225.00

$306.33

$327.00

Overhead rate: $1,600,000 ÷ 25,000 direct labor hours (DLH) = $64 per DLH Regular: 3 hours x $64 = $192 Deluxe: 4 hours x $64 = $256 Regular is undercosted by this procedure, as the more accurate ABC figure is $233.33. In contrast, Deluxe is overcosted because the ABC figure for overhead amounts to only $225.

133