Cestodes (Table)
May 12, 2017 | Author: Marelle M. Yamzon | Category: N/A
Short Description
Parasitology...
Description
Order SN CN
Pseudophyllidea Diphyllobothrium latum Broad fish tapeworm
Taenia solium Pork tapeworm
Cyclophyllidea Hymenolepis nana Hymenolepis diminuta Dipylidium caninum Dwarf tapeworm Rat tapeworm Dog tapeworm Small intestine Man (DH or IH) Rat, Man (accidental) Dogs, Man (accidental) Xenopsylla cheopis (rat flea) Ctenophalides canis & Ctenophalides canis & felis (dog & cat flea) felis (dog & cat flea) Tribolium spp. (cockroaches, beetles) *With or without IH *Pulex irritans (human flea) Embryonated ova Cysticercoid larva Cysticercoid larva
Taenia saginata Beef tapeworm
Habitat FH st
1 IH
IS
Man, other mammals Cyclops, Copepods spp., Diaptomus spp. nd *2 : Fish (Cyprinidae, salmon, pike, perch, trout) Plerocercoid larva in fish
Man Pig (may be surpassed)
Cattle, cow, carabao
Cyticercus cellulosae
Cysticercus bovis
MOT (source)
Ingestion (infected fish)
Ingestion (infected meat)
Ova
Oblong Golden yellow Unsegmented Operculated Immature 9-‐12 days maturation distinct terminal knob (abopercular knob)
Round, Yellow-‐brown thick shell w/ striations *embryophore Segmented Non-‐operculated
Embryo Scolex
Suckers Strobila Segment/ Proglottid
Geni.Pore Vitellaria
Almond shaped
2 Slit-‐like Bothria/ suctorial grooves Up to 3000 segments 3-‐10m Broader than long Central uterine pore Highly coiled/ rosette-‐ like/ flower-‐like uterus
Ingestion (contaminated food/water) Round to oval Thin shell Bipolar thickenings 4-‐8 polar filaments
*no species identification
Globular Armed rostellum Double rows of 25-‐ 30 hooks
Pyriform Very minute/no rostellum Unarmed/no hooks
Ingestion (contaminated food: wheat, grains, cereals) Round Striated shell, colorless “fried egg/ sunny side up” appearance With polar thickenings No polar filaments
1000-‐2000 5-‐10m 15 or more “tree-‐ like” uterine branches
Ventral Diffuse
PARASITOLOGY – PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES – CLASS CESTODA (CESTODES)
Echinococcus granulosus Hydatid worm
Rat, Man (accidental) Tribolium confusum (flour beetle) Tribolium sp. Tenebrio sp. (rice & flour beetle)
Dog, Fox, Canine spp. Sheep, Ox Man (dead end) Goat, Swine Cattle, Horse Camel Hydatid cyst Embryonated ova
Ingestion
Ingestion (cysts in organs, egg in feces) Round, Subspherical Thick yellow brown striated shell (embryophore) Same with Taenia
Enclosed in egg Spindle shaped membrane/capsule Enclosed in an outer (8-‐15 individual eggs elongated membrane In egg packet) Spherical inner Resembles Taenia eggs membrane (up to 8 eggs only)
Oncosphere/ hexacanth embryo w/ 3 pairs of hooklets Rhomboidal Club/knobs-‐haped Globular Armed rostellum Unarmed Armed rostellum 20-‐30 hooks Retractable rostellum 1-‐7 circlets of spines
4 cuplike suckers 800-‐1000 5-‐10m Dendritic uterus 5-‐13 uterine branches
Ingestion (flea/IH tissue)
Raillietina garrisoni Rat tapeworm
Subglobular Armed rostellum 90-‐140 hammer-‐ shaped alternating hooks
Globular Armed rostellum w/ double rows of 28-‐40 hooks
About 5000 60cm “rice grain appearance” 1 genital pore
3 proglottids only 4.5mm
4 muscular suckers 96-‐200 25-‐45mm Broader than long Sac-‐like uterus Lateral genital pore
800-‐1000 60cm Rectangular Sac-‐like uterus Lateral genital pore
200 60cm Melon/ cucumber/ pumpkin seed-‐shaped Has 2 sets of reproductive organs
Lateral
2 lateral genital pores
*notes: Hydatid Cyst Connective Tissue (host) – outer Laminar layer – middle Germinal layer – inner Brood capsules w/ protoscolices Hydatid sand –in hydatid fluid
Lateral
Compact
3A-‐MT. 2013. MMY
Life Cycle
Egg (feces, mature in water)
Coracidium st (ingested by 1 IH) Procercoid st nd (in 1 IH, ingested by 2 ) Plerocercoid (Sparganum) nd (in 2 IH, ingested by FH)
Pathology
Diphyllobothriasis Sparganosis – due to larva (ingestion of procercoid in cyclops) Brothriocephalus anemia (Pernicious/Megaloblast ic anemia) – due to lack of Vit B12 (cyanocobalamine)
Dx stage
Eggs/ova in stool
Diagnosis
Stool exam – DFS, KK, CT Double slide compression method – flatten/stretch segment b/w 2 slides India ink stain– to visualize branching uterus
Rx
Notes
Egg (in feces, ingested by IH) Oncosphere/ Hexacanth (in intestines of IH) Cysticercus (in muscles, ingested by man) Adult (in small intestine of man) Cysticercosis – due to larva; accidental ingestion of egg; more dangerous Neurocystecercosis (NCC) – migration of larva to the brain; headache, coma Taeniasis solium – due to adult; abdominal discomfort, hunger, malabsorption
*Direct Cycle *No direct cycle Egg directly ingested by man *Indirect cycle: Egg (in feces, ingested by IH) Oncospheres/ Hexacath (penetrate intestinal villi) Cysticercoid (in IH, ingested by man) *Autoinfection: Embryo released in intestines Hymenolepiasis Intestinal irritation (enteritis) Pruritus Diarrhea Abdominal pain Epigastric pain Intestinal Discomfort Nausea Dizziness Vomiting Anorexia
Taeniasis saginata – due to adult *no cysticercosis
Eggs/ova, gravid proglottid/segment Stool exam Double slide compression method India ink Scotch Tape Swab*
Eggs (in feces, ingested by IH, hatches in small bowel) Oncosphere (penetrates intestinal wall, migrate through circulatory system, liver, lungs, organs) Hydatid cyst (ingested by DH)
Dipylidiasis Intestinal/abdominal discomfort Epigastric pain Diarrhea Allergic reactions Appetite loss indigestion Anal puritus -‐ caused by migrating gravid proglottids
Asymptomatic (man is unsuitable host)
Hydatidosis (Cystecercosis) – due to larva Liver: jaundice Lung: bloody sputum, chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath Brain: epilepsy Necrosis of infected tissues, pressure buildup Anaphylactic shock, eosinophilia, allergic reactions MAY CAUSE DEATH
Egg/ scolex Stool exam: ova Gravid segment
Hydatid cysts Biopsy of Hydatid cyst X-‐Ray, MRI, Ultrasound, CT scan Serologic: Casoni Test, ELISA, Western Blot, Indirect hemagglutination
Eggs, gravid proglottids Stool exam Scotch Tape Swab Double Slide Compression India Ink
Eggs/ova Stool exam Stool exam (eggs) (recovery scolex/eggs)
Niclosamide & Praziquantel
Gravid proglottids (intact in feces, in perianal region) Egg (released, ingested by IH) Oncosphere (penetrate IH’s intestine) Cysticercoid (in IH’s homocoel/body cavity, ingested by DH, break lumen of intestine)
Niclosamide, Praziquantel, Bithionol
Taenia saginata asiatica – common in Phils. *accessory ovary – smaller, not yet gravid = bladder cyst
PARASITOLOGY – PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES – CLASS CESTODA (CESTODES)
Smallest tapeworm of man Previously Vampirolepis nana
Other name: Raillietina madagascariensis
Other CN: Double pored tapeworm Pumpkin seed tapeworm
Usually in toddlers because of pets
Surgical Removal of cysts (PAIR) Mebendazole, Albendazole, Praziquantel, Hibitane
Smallest tapeworm Related to E. multilocularis, E. vogeli and E. oligarthrus Puncture (w/ fine needle) Aspirate (hydatid fluid) Inject (protoscolicidal) Reaspirate No local transmission (?)
3A-‐MT. 2013. MMY
PARASITOLOGY – PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES – CLASS CESTODA (CESTODES)
3A-‐MT. 2013. MMY
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