Certificate of Proficiency in English 4

ffi

Cambtid.g. Cerrifrcar.of Profrcren cy in EÉïish

4

WITH ANSWERS

Examination p ap ers 'Càm from (J niu ersity of bridg, ESOL Examinations: English_for Speakers Other Languages

CavrnRrDcE UNIVERSITY PRESS

of

Contents Thanks and acknowledgements

Introduction Test

1

Paper Paper Paper Paper

.f

1 Reading B 2 Writing 18 3 Use of English 4 Listening 2g

Paper5 Speaking Test 2

Paper Paper Paper Paper

Test 3

Test 4

Test

1

Test 3 Test 4

Test 4

59

1 Reading 60 2 Writing 70 3 Use of Engtish 72 4 Listening g0 5 Speaking BJ Paper 1 Reading 86 Paper 2 Writing 96 Paper 3 Use of English gB Paper 4 Listening 106

Paper 5 Paper 5 Paper 5 Paper S

Key and Key and Key and Key and

i

111

frames 112 frames 115 frames 119 frames 12'3

Marks and Test 1 Test 2 Test 3

46

Paper Paper Paper Paper Paper

Paper5 Speaking Test 2

33

1 Reading 34 2 Writing 44 3 Use of English 4 Listening 54

PaperS Speaking

20

results

transcript transcript transcript transcript

Sample answer

12g

140 152 L63 175

sheets

Visuaf materials for paper

1g7

S

colour section

r I I I

1

Th ank"s

and ack"nowledgements

The author and publishers are grateful to rhe aurhors, publishers and others who have given permission for the use of copyright material identified in the text. It has not ahvays been possible to identify the source of material used or to contact the copyright holders and in such cases the publishers would welcome information from the copyright owners. For the extracr on p. 10: adapted from 'Visible energy proves a sensual wonder' by Lynn MacRitchie, TDe Financidl Times,22 July 2000, O The Financial Times Ltd; for the extract on p. 1 1: ftom Dauid Hockney by Nlarco Livingstone, O 1,981, 1.987 and 1.996 Thames & Hudson Ltd, London. Reprinted by kind permission of the publisher; for the exrracr on p. 13: fron.r pp. 4 and 6, History of Art - 3rd Edition by Nlarcia Pointon, published by Rourledge, 1997. Reprinted by permission of T&F Informa; for the extract on p. 16: from '\fords of a Feather' by Paul Evans, published by BBC \Torldwide Ltd, March 2000; for the extract on p. 36: from 'A Luddite's Lament' by Simon Jenkins, The Times,24 January, 1998, O NI Syndication; for the exrract on p. 37: irom \il/hit by Iain Banks, published by Abacus. Reprinted by per:mission of Time \Warner Book Group UK and Mic Cheetham Agencl', O Iain Banks 1996; for the extract on pp. 40-4I: irom Caugbt in the Light by Robert Goddard, published by Bantam Press. Used by permission of The Random House Group Limited and The Peters, Fraser and Dunlop Group Limited O Robert and Vaunda Goddard; for the text onp. 62: adapted from 'A swân song for my brief brush with celebrity' by Richard Eyre, published in the Guardian, 2.1 December 2000, and the texr on p. 65: adapted from 'Perfect Theatre' by Richard Eyre published in the Obseruer, 10 December 2000, O Richard Eyre; for

the text on pp. 66*67: adapted from 'Joanna's lessons, b.v Peter I(ingston, published by the Guardian,26 Ma,v 2000, O the Guardian; for the text on p. 72: from tl"re cover of Food for a Future, byJon \fynne Tyson. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. O Jon Wynne Tyson, 1988; for the extrâct on p. 88: adapted from 'Getting away fr:om it all' by Alain de Botton, published in The Sunday Times,2 July 2000. Reprinted by permission of The PFD Group Ltd, O Alain de Botton; for the text on p. 89: from Flying Visits by Clive James, published by Jonathan Cape. Reprinted by permission of Macmillan UK Ltd, O Clive James, 1984; for the extract on p. 94: from Hare Brain, Tortoise Mind by

Guy Ciaxton. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Ltd, O Guy Claxton, 1997. The publishers are grateful to the following for permission to include photographs:

AA \forld Travel Library for p. C7 (t & b); Corbrs for pp. C8 (b), C9 (t & mr); Empics for p. C9 (b); Getty Images for pp. C8 (t), C9 (m1); Imagestate for p. C6 (b); Life File Photo Library for pp. C5 (t), C7 (m); Bryan Lowry / Alamy for p. C4 (tl); Jeff Morgan i Alamy for pp. C4 (b), C6 (t); Photolibrary.com for p. C6 (m); Popperfoto.com for p. C5 (b); Punchstock / Digital Vision for p. C8 (m); Rex Features for p. C3; \Torldwide Picture Library I Alamy for p. C4 (tr). Picture research by Kevin Brown Cover design by Dunne Scully The recordings which accompâny this book were made at Studio AVP, London.

Introduction This collection of four complete practice tests comprises past papers from the University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE) examination; students can practise these tests on their own or with the help of a reacher. The CPE examination is part of a group of examinations developed by Cambridge ESOL called the Cambridge Main Suite. The Main Suite consists of five examinations which have similar characteristics but are designed for different levels of English language ability. \Tithin the five levels, CPE is at Level C2 in the Council of Ewrope's Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, dssessment. It has also been accredited by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority in the UK as a Level 3 ESOL certificate in the National Qualifications Framework. The CPE, examination is recognised by the majority of British universities for English language entrance requirements, and is taken by candidates in over 100 countries throughout the world. Around 75'A of the candidates are 25 years of age or under, whilst around 12"Â are 31 years old or over.

Council of Europe Framework Level

Examination

Certificate

., orÎl.t.".y

in English

CAE Certificate in Advanced English FCE

First Certificate in English PET Preliminary English Test

KET Key English Test

UK National Qualifications Framework Level

WL

rtl:'

C1

2

B2

1

I

B1

Entry

A2

Fnrrrr )

3

Further information The information contained in this practice book is designed to be an overview of the exam. For a full description of all of the abovè exams including inJormation about task types, testing focus and preparation, please see the relevant handbooks which can be obtained from Cambridge ESOL at the address below or from the website at: rvww.CambridgeESOL.org University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations 1 Hills Road Cambridge CB1 2EU United Kinsdom

Telephone: +44 1223 553355

Faxt +44 1223 460278 e-mail : [email protected]

I

Introduction

The structure of CPE: an overview The CPE examination consists of five papers:

1 Reading t hour 30 minutes This paper consists of four parts with 40 questions, which take the form of three multiple-choice tasks and a gapped text task. Part 1 contains three short texts, Part 2 contains four short texts and Parts 3 and 4 each contain one longer text. The texts are taken from fiction, non-fiction, journals, magazines, newspapers, and promotional and informational materials. This paper is designed to test candidates' ability to understand the meaning of written English at word, phrase, sentence, paragraph and whoie text level. Paper

Paper2 Writing 2hours This paper consists of two writing tasks in a range of formats (e.g. letter, report, review, article, essay, proposal). Candidates are asked to complete two tasks, writing between 300 and 350 words for each. Part 1 (Question 1) consists of one compulsory task based on instructions and a short text or texts. Part 2 (Questions 2-5) consists of one task which candidates select from a choice of four. Question 5 has a task on each of the three set texts. Candidates choose one of the tasks in Question 5, if they want to answer on a set text. Assessment is based on achievement of task, range and accuracy of vocabulary and grammatical structures, organisation and appropriacy of register and format. Paper 3 Use of English t hour 30 minutes This paper consists of five parts with 44 questions. These take the form of an open cloze, a word formation task, gapped sentences, key word transformations and two texts with comprehension questions and a summary writing task. The two texts are from different sources and reoresent different treatments of the same topic. This paper is designed to assesi candidates' ability to demonstrate knowledge and control of the English language system by setting tasks at both text and sentence level. Paper 4 Listening 40 minutes (approximately) This paper consists of four parts with 28 questions, which take the form of two multiple-choice tasks, a sentence-completion task and a three-way matching task. Part 1 contains four short extracts and Parts 2 to 4 each contain one longer text. The texts âre audio-recordings based on a variety of sources including interviews, discussions, lectures, conversations and documentary features. The paper is designed to assess candidates' ability to understand the meaning of spoken English, to extract information from a spoken text and to understand speakers' âttitudes and opinions. Paper 5 Speaking 19 minutes The Speaking test consists of three parts, which take the form of an interview section. a collaborative task and individual long turns with follow-up discussion. The standard test format is two candidates and two examiners.

.-

Grading The overall cPE grade is based on the total score gained in all five papers. It is rx)t necessary to achieve a satisfactory level in all five papers in order to pass ùe examination. Certificates are given to candidates who pass the exarnination wiù grade A, B or c. A is the highest. The minimum successful performance in order to achieve a grade c corresponds to about 60o of the total marks. D and E are failing grades. Every candidate receives a Statement of Results which includes a graphical profile of their performance in each paper and shows their reJativg performance in each one. Each paper is weighted to 40 marks. Therefore, the five CPE papers total200 marks, after weighting. For further information on grading and results, go to the website (see page 5).

Test

1

PAPER

1

READTNG (1 hour 30 minutes) Part

1

For questions 1-18, read the three texts below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Fashion Fashion is often seen as a modern phenomenon, entirely (1) .. .upon nineteenthand twentiethcentury capitalism for its development. Most historians of fashion are at (2). ... to point out, though, that fashion, at least in the (3) . ... of style and design, has a very long history. They often (4) . . .. the rise of the market and mercantile trade in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as their startino point.

As societies have developed in complexity, populations have expanded, and multiple technologies for producing an increasing variety of clothing and physical adornment have been discovered, so

the meanings attached to dress have also increased in their complexity and significance. Consequently, it is difficult to say with any (5) .. .of certainty today what any item of ctothing or adornment actually means. For example, a man's suit, (6) .... an indicator of the most extreme uniformity, actually conveys very differing meanings in different contexts and to different people.

1 A responsible 2 A effort 3 A scale 4 A take 5 A ratio 6 A definitely

B subject B pains B frame B get B element B supposedly

':.'.,1 .:f

C conditional

D dependent

C agony

D trouble

C sense

D aspect

C put

D make

C degree

D shadow

C evidently

D obviously

i.:

/

:,:-

n

":),i,^

Paper

1

Reading

Writer '

,

sivspaper reports of publishers in (7)

..

..

wars over whizz-kid manuscripts have resulted in a skewed

::a

of what life is like for your average novelist. Down at my end of the business - i.e. not exactly lists - there are two ways of making ends (8) .. .. . The wisest among us write - :re evenings and have other full{ime jobs that will still be there even if the book doesn't immediately

:::cing the best-seller

;:t (9) .... up and turned into a film. Those such as myself, however, are literary odd-jobbers, (10) :- a bit of teaching, the occasionalworkshop and articles like this. I have (11) .... tellof an in-house .

,''iing

opportunity offered by a chocolate factory, but l've never managed to get anything like that. 3:rnehow, though, by (12) .... of juggling part-time jobs and credit cards and also, more often than

-:l

thanks to the generosity of those names you find in Acknowledgements, the novel gets written.

7 A petitioning 8 A join 9 A swallowed 10 A subsisting 11 A noted 12 A way

B bidding B meet B gobbled B enduring B heard B attempt

C tendering C connect C sucked C abiding C received C dint

D proffering D tie D snapped D prevailing D experienced D reason

Sudden Fame

-ie

small (13) .. we were performing at around the country were all beginning to sell (14) .. .. and :xtra bouncers were having to be called in to hold back the growing legion of screaming girls. We ':und ourselves having to use secret entrances to the village halls and ballrooms we were playing

I

prevent ourselves being mobbed by fans. On the few nights a week when we were not working,

,',e found

':

it difficult to leave the house without being pursued through the streets by

adoring

lowers. In a (15) .... of days, we had been transformed into celebrities. Our moves were monitored

: i our admirers and all of our needs (16) . .. for by our management and other interested parties. l'"en though the shyness that had always accompanied me never quite went away, it was replaced : / a strange naive over-confidence that only naturally shy people who have been thrust into similar s ruations can (17) .... to. In short, I was emotionally totally out of my (18) .

13 A sites '14

A out 15 A course 16 A answered 17 A identify 1 8 A depth

B venues Bup B question

B catered B relate

B extent

C scenes C off c spell c afforded c ally c level

D abodes

Don D matter D granted D connect D

reach

r

Test

1

Part2 You are going to read four extracts which are all concerned in some way with art. For questions 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Kinetic Art -

the well-nigh impossible has happened: London's austere Hayward Gallery has been transformed into a place full of wonder. And not, thankfully, by some hugebudget, mega-hyped, multi-media extravaganza, but by a charmingly idiosyncratic investigation into an almost forgotten aspect of the last 60 years. A new exhibition traces the history of kinetic art - that is art which is concerned with movement - in the twentieth century. In the process, it reveals that making artworks which either move by themselves or investigate the idea of movement in some way has been a consistent if largely unrecognised theme of some of the most fascinating creative activity of this century. And not only that - the marvellous range of paintings and drawings, documents and fllms on kinetic art assembled by curator Guy Brett, who has made a life-long study of the subject, are presented largely unmediated by text. Visitors, unharried by explanations, are left to have the pleasure of making connections and discoveries for themselves. Rejoice

19

The writer likes the fact that the new art exhibition seems

A B C D 20

Which of the following does the writer say about kinetic art?

A B C D

lr

perplexing. colourful. unoretentious. unambitious.

lt lt lt lt

is stimulating social change.

has not received the attention it deserves. is likely to become more popular in the future. has informed some better known works from the mainstream of art.

Paper

1

Reading

David Hockney Hockney's work oppeols to o greot mony people who might otherwise disploy little interest in ort. lt moy be thot they ore ottrocted to it becouse it is figurotive ond, therefore, eosily occessible on one level, or becouse the subiect motter of leisure ond exoticism provides on escope from the mundonities of everydoy life. Perhops it is not even the ort thot interests some people, but Hockney's engoging personolity ond the verbol wit thot mokes him such good copy for the newspopers. He moy, in other words, be populor for the wrong reosons. But does this negote the possibility thot his ort hos o serious sense of purpose?

ln the view of some respected critics, Hockney is nothing more thon on overroted minor ortist. To this one con counter thot Hockney might seem minor becouse it is unocceptoble todoy to be so populol rother thon becouse his work is locking in substonce. Hockney himself is not selfdeluding; he is owore of his limitotions ond thinks thot it is beside the point to dismiss his work becouse it does not meosure uo to on obstroct concept of greoTness. Hockney does noT cloim To be o greoT orTisT ond is owore thot only posterity con form o finol iudgement on his stoture.

21

In the first paragraph, the writer considers the possibility that Hockney's work

A B C D 22

is difficult for critics to appreciate. is not the main reason for his fame.

makes important points about human activity. does not orovide much for iournalists to write about.

What is Hockney's own view of his work?

A B C D

lt is not intended to have much substance. lt bears comparison with that of earlier great artists. lts true value will only become apparent in the future. lt does not define him as a'great artist'.

t1

Test

1

'Window-shopping'

- â11 artexhibition

In the last few years I have seen loads of to be art. Sam Cole's knitted cals exhibitions of contemporary art, ancl barmy chasing each other

amongst them brilliance and mecliocrity. What always bugs me, though, are shows that seem to push an underlying agenda, suggesting there is a common attitude among certain artists. Sometimes it works: we really are made aware of nerv trends running through apparently unrelated work. More often, though. we are alerted to a dubious angle or a forced concept. This lecl me, as a curator. to attempt a shorv which stands as an antithesis to this.

Together with seven artists I took over a space in an empty warehouse. .Window_ shopping' was intended as a collection of individual artworks that related to each other purely through the fact that they proclaimed

23

of contemporary art practice, but there probably aren't any to be made about what is basically an individual about the nature

activity

in

which artists set their

own

parameters.

a current tendency in some exhibitions the poor standard of some exhibitions the cosy insularity of some artists the political message of some artists

what point does the writer make about art in the second paragraph?

A B C D

L:

contrast, gave something to each other. OK, so I haven't made any grandiose statements

What was the writer making a statement against in the show called,Window-shopping,?

A B C D 24

went

round on a toy train track. In contrast Matthew Crawley,s tttrning on a video camera, opening it up and poking around in there until it breaks flickered, flashed and disappeared on the monitor in the corner. These works certainly didn't fit into the 'an exhibition exploring the theme of ...' category, and wouldn,t usually be seen together in the same show. but why not? They did not impede each other and actually, I hope, through their

Artistic goals are fundamentally elusive. lt is impossible to reflect realitv in art. The human spirit should not be limited by artistic rules. Creating a work of art is a very personal experience.

Paper

1

Readittg

Art History People who enjoy paintings are sometimes reluctant to analyse them for fear of spoiling the richness and spontaneity of their experience. lt has been suggested that some of the work done by art historians, whose concern is with theory rather than practice, ignores and indeed denies the aesthetic experience, the fundamental pleasure of looking, as well as the very special act of artistic creativity. This view is a bit like the notion that knowing the ingredients of the recipe, recognising the method of cooking and seeing the utensils employed detracts from the taste of the dish.

Acknowledging the importance of enjoying something does not, of course, preclude a thorough knowledge of the object that is arousing pleasure. lt might in fact be more pleasurable if we know more about the object we are viewing. Moreover, pleasure is not a simple matter. The arousal of our senses - and how we recognise and register it - is itself open to interrogation. lt is also historically located. Why we like particular characteristics of certain sorts of objects at any one time is not simply the result of our genes or our own particular personalities but is determined by values promoted within the society of which we are a part. So, while no one seeks to underestimate the importance of sensuous and instinctive responses to art objects, the notion that the sensuous is undermined by the intellectual is a legacy from a period in the past which promoted art as an alternative to thought.

In likening art history to food, what is the writer implying?

A B C D

Only experls should give opinions on works of art. There is no harm in being fully informed about art history. Art historians cannot appreciate basic simplicity. There is a lot of very mundane popular art.

What does the writer say in the second paragraph aboul our reaction to a picture?

A B C D

lt should be based purely on instinct. lt is difficult to be completely objective. lt is purely personal and may simply be wrong. lt stems in oart from the beliefs of former times.

1-l

Test

1

Part 3 You are going to read a short story. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the story. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (27-33). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

REMOVAL Dnv With her children now grown, widowed Susan faces leaving the family home

The van said, Susan noticed, 'Removers

of

anyway, while little Robert looked on enthralled, and

Distinction', and indeed, every distinguishing feature of the house was being removed. Everything which made it particular was being wrapped in newspaper and packed in boxes by Fred the removal man, his enormous fingers like sausages tenderly handling all

young Francesca wailed, 'We can't live in a house without a piano! We can't! l'd rather die!'And of course they couldn't; not with a musical daughter destined to be a concert pianist. They had to find a way to get it in: and a wav had been found.

the breakables; and his team of helpers, not so gentle.

When told that they had bought this house, Robert, then five, had asked thoughtfully,'Mum, when you buy a house, how d'you get it home?'You could miss a little boy in the physical presence of the adult he had become; Robert was here, helping, and in particular

making sure she didn't let on about the piano. Francesca was here too, also helping, in her bossy

Then, from the quay below the house, where fish were unloaded from the inshore boats, a little crane was borrowed, and dragged up the hill by means of the local farmer's tractor. Finally, the piano was wrapped in blankets, hooked to the crane and gently swung safely through the gaping window, while the entranced children danced with joy at the sight of it.

way, stubbornly certain that nobody but she, the family

daughter, would

be careful enough over a

fine

instrument like a Steinwav piano.

28 She could easily imagine.

Left to herself, Susan would have warned the removers about the piano before accepting the estimate. Robert had said sternly that it was their business to see the problem, and their bad luck if they

The children were increasingly too busy to come home at weekends, and Susan was no longer so mobile in the house, and puffing as she climbed the stairs. The thought of the stairs interrupted her daydream. The banister rails were still not quite parallel; they had not been put back perfectly all that time ago. She ought to have warned the removers, surely she ought. But now il was too late. Any moment now they would find it. She looked around, dazed and panic-stricken.

didn't. The piano now stood in solitary glory in the upstairs sitting room, the best room in the house.They

would leave it till last, naturally. Sitting on the bottom

stair, for all the chairs were gone now, she

Truth to tell she was just on the edge of them. How odd

remembered the time thev had arrived.

that simply moving things made them matter. Chairs and cups and things, hundreds of things, that one never noticed or gave a moment's thought to while

They brought it up to the turn of the stairs, and down agarn. and cut out banister rails, and got it jammed 1+

they stayed put, now they were displaced, were full of pathos, crying out to be cared about - and she would have cried, in a moment, surely she would.

Paper

It was Robert who laughed first, but then they couldn't stop laughing, relieved that it was all over. All three of them, helplessly, leaning against each other, gasping

A

1

Reading

for breath and laughing more.'What's the joke, then?' asked Fred, but he merely started them off again. So that, as they went, the three of them, arm in arm down the path for the last time, the only tears she shed were tears of laughter.

'She doesn't look like she's going to cry on us, observed Fred. 'That's something.' 'Do people

Peter. her late husband. had come home to the crisis and had resolved it. The oiano had been left in the garden while the other furniture was brought in - there was much less of it then; they had been relatively young and hard up. And next day, to everyone's surprise, a builder had been engaged to take out the first floor window.

cry?' Susan asked, intrigued.'You'd be surprised,' sald Fred. 'They go around merry as magpies helping out till it's all in the van, then you look round and there they are, crying in the middle of an empty room. They're fine when we get to the new place, mind. lt's just seeing everything taken apart that upsets them.'

To the children's undisguised pleasure, the piano

was miraculously unharmed after its bumpy As soon as the going was safe.

journey.

It was a lovely house that she was leaving, an elegant four-storeyed building overlooking a tiny

Francesca celebrated with an impromptu recita. so full of happy relief that it moved her mother to

harbour. The years she had spent there, the years

of the children growing up and leaving, hung

tears.

around in the air, faintly present like agitated dust. Only just then the piano appeared, lurching at the top of the stairs, with Fred backing down in front of

G

it and one of the others behind. lt tipped slightly.

'Easy does it!' cried Fred, and they carried it smoothly down the stairs and out of the front door, and put it down behind the removal van on the

However, the whole process had cost so much it was months before they could afford to have the piano professionally tuned.'That's that,' Peter had said.'That's there for ever.'But for ever is a lono time.

roao. H D

The day she was living through now was like that

'Are you all right, love?' Fred was saying. 'Mind yourself, it's just the piano to come now, and then we'll be on our way.' She moved from the bottom

day filmed and run backwards - the piano had been carried in first. And it had got stuck on the stairs. For nearly two hours the team of removal

stair, heart beating. Robert and Francesca had both appeared, standing in the back of the hallway to watch,'No tears then?' Fred said, conversationally.

men struggled manf ully with it, until it seemed they would simply have to give up.

15

lI

rest

1

Part 4 You are going to read an extract from a magazine article. For questions 34-40, choose the answer (4, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the texl.

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Love them, fear them, worship them; human culture has always had a lot But what does that say about us? Paul Evans reports

to say about birds.

There'sabump,bump,bumpcomingfromthegreenhouseasa ittlebrownshuttlecockbouncesagainsttheglass.

ltturns

out to be a wren: an ominous bird, a bird of portent, augury and divination, ls it spelling out some sort of message from a world at the very edges of my imagination? 0r is it just a poor bird stuck in a greenhouse? Depending on your point of view, both could be true, Wrens have been flitting through the undergrowth of British culture ever since it began. In medieval times, a complicated system of observing the directions in which wrens flew determined the sorT of luck the observer would experience. In modern trmes, the image of the wren remains in pictures and ceramics in many British households, Even though the early beliefs may have been watered down or even forgotten, the wren still has a perch in our consciousness and a nest in our affections. A wood without wrens is a sad, impoverished place,

Ihis is almost certainly because there is a rich vein of folklore running through our relationships with many birds which reaches back to a tirne when people read the world around them differently. Where people are, necessarily, hitched more directly to natural processes for their very survival, they develop an ecological and cultural Language through which the significance of other creatures is communicated. This significance is, of course, prone t0 cultural shi{ts that cause malor i mage changes for the creatures i nvolved, A good exa mple of thls is the red kite. Duri ng the early sixteenth century, foreign visitors t0 London were amazed lo see red kites swooplng down to take bread from the hands of children. These birds were protected and valued urban scavengers. But it was not long before they began to be seen as vermin, and as a result were soon wiped out in most areas apart from Wales. Gradua ly red kites began to assume a romantic personality linked

t0 this Celtic stronghold and they have now become totemrc birds of British conservation, protected again

and

reintroduced with a viewto helping them regain the r org nal distributron.

0ur relationship with other creatures is more than cultural and goes way back to the evolution of human nature. Though the first human birdwatchers may have been acutely observant of brrd behaviour because it announced approaching predators, bad weather, and the availability of food, and a so offered a supernatura link to the world of their dreams, there is more to it. When we ask why birds are so important to us, we are also asking what it is to be us. Flight,

song,

freedom-ourfascination,envyandemulationoftheavianworld

line22

ssurelyameasureof ourownidentityagainstthatof

the wildness of nature. Some might dismiss these feelrngs as vestigia attachments, usefui to us in an earlier phase of our evolution, irrelevant now. But, like the appendix and wisdom teeth, they're still very much part of us and osing them trêurnatic.

is

That is probably why, in recent years, birds have become the barometers of envlronmental change, indicators of ecological quality: the warning bells of environmentallsm, Conservationists in Britain cite the endangering of 30 species, a figure that is depressing not only because it spells out the oss of feathered curiosities, but because it is a massive cultural oss too.These birds carry a huge amount of cul'tural baggage. For example, the skylark, turtle dove and lapwing signify love, romantic love and magic, Anyone who has read Shelley's poems, Shakespeare's sonnets and Robert Graves's lhe Whtte Gaddess will feel more than a tug of remorse at the loss of these once commonplace birds.

spiritual

whi e the loss of these birds is lamented, the loss of others which don't figure in either literature or folklore is virtually ignored. Fo klore is so important. The stories, legends and rhymes which persist through time, with their obscure origins, constant revisions and reinventions, somehow have a greater living bond with their subjects than cold, sclentific terms a bond that is strengthened by the everyday language in which they are understood and communicated. This gives them a oolver to sun.rmon up feelings and attitudes from a consciousness buried under all the stuff of modern life,

line 25

line 30

Yet

-

',1,/rether we watch wild ife films on TV or birdtab es in the backyard, what we're doing and the excitement we get from ,, " êt \\/e see cannot adequately be captured by scientific reason. Birds are engaging in ways we still find hard to Tathom,

..

a o're art culate, and so the stories we tell about them seem like ways of interpreting what blrds are telling us.

-: . ':- '

'.-''-1,-

:he gr.eenhouse weaves an intricate knot, tying an imaginary thread between the here and now and a deep,

--: , -o;,'gtl-etreeenoiritsso'gardescapingintothefurure- ariddlethat\eepsreg-essng.

line 35

Paper

34 In paragraph 2, the writer affirms that the wren A has been given exaggerated importance. B was once used as an aid to navigation. C has lost its significance as society has become D is still firmly esiablished in collective memory.

1 Reading i

less superstitious.

35 What point is the writer illustrating with the example of the red kite? A Most birds have symbolic and poetic associations. B Human and avian life are inseparably linked. C A society's attitude to wildlife is not fixed. D Wildlife can threaten human societv with disease. 36 The writer uses the words'there is more to it'(line 22) to introduce the idea that A birds enable us to analyse the nature of human existence. B birds extend our knowledge of evolution. C bird behaviour accurately predicts danger. D bird behaviour is surprisingly similar to human behaviour. 37 With the reference to'the appendix

and wisdom teeth'(line 25), the writer is drawing

attention to the fact that

A B C D

humans and birds have some common anatomical details. being separated lrom deep-rooted emotions can be a painful experience. humans cannot explain their biological inheritance. bonding with the natural world is as vital as maintaining physical health.

38 In what sense do some birds carry'a huge amount of cultural baggage'? (line 30) A They are weighed down with people's false assumptions. B They are believed to symbolise environmental destruction. C They figure prominently in literature through the ages. D Their disappearance will herald the loss of cultural identity. 39 In paragraph 6, the writer draws a comparison between'cold, A obscure origins. B everyday language. C feelings and attitudes. D stories, legends and rhymes. 40

scientific terms'(line 35) and

The writer feels that the appeal of birds is

A B C D

difficult to express or explain. heightened by detailed study. underslandable in a psychological context. enhanced by media presentation. 17

Test

L

PAPER

2

WRITING (2 hours) Part

1

You must answer this question. Write your answer in 300-350 words in an appropriate style.

1 A major international

sports competition is about to take place and your class has been talking about the advantages of such events. During the discussion the following points were made.Your tutor has asked you to write an essay evaluating the advantages of major international sports competitions and expressing your views on the comments made during the discussion.

Just an opportunity for the TV companies to fill the screens with boring sport...

... where the largest countries always win all the medals and the rest don't stand a chance ...

Write your essay.

I

18

Paper

2

'Writing

Part2 "

::

a^ answer to one of the questions 2-5 in this part. Write your answer in 300-350 words in an

t--'--.:iê

et\/lâ

- -,'

ocal newspaper has invited readers to send in articles entitled

"

-,-ans

and machines

-

who is in control?'

':

- cecide to write an article describing the role that machines such as computers and robots : :., ,n our lives, and saying whether you think there are any long-term dangers in our : =:=^dence on machines.

::

', "

your article.

: --: -usic magazine High Nofes has asked readers to write a review of a concert of their favourite . -: of music:for example, classical, jazz, rock or pop.You recently attended such an event.You ::: re to write a review of the concert focusing on what made the music so memorable. ,

-:Ê vour review.

,

ork as a journalist for the travel section of a newspaper. You have recently visited a holiday =:': to find out more about it. Write a report oT your visit which will be printed in the newspaper. , 1- r youf report you should include information on the hotel you stayed in, local restaurants : entertainment facilities. You should also describe the suitabilitv of the resort as a familv :ay destination. ,',

::

,-

your report.

s:C on your reading of one of these books, write on one of the following:

I

Anne Tyler: The AccidentalTourist Your local newspaper has invited readers to contribute an article to their literature column entitled 'Sad, but f unny'. Write an article aboul The AccidentalTourlsf, mentioning what aspects of the novel you find sad and how humour is reflected in the characters and their actions.

Write your article. Brian Moore: The Colour of Blood You belong to a book club which has asked members to submit reports on books which cortray strong leaders.You decide to write a reporl on The Colour of Blood.You should focus

on the character of Cardinal Bem, and say how far you think he develops as a leader ::roughout the book. Write your report.

,

L P Hartley: The Go-Between

did not occur to me that they had treated me badly.'Write an essay for your tutor briefly Jescribing Leo's relationship with Marian Maudsley and Ted Burgess and saying how you 'eel he was trealed bv these two adults. 1t

\,Vrite your essay.

19

PAPER

3

USE OF ENGLISH (1 hour 30 minutes) Part

1

For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only

one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Examp'e:

-lrtrrEME -' IIIIIIIUI Getting Away From The Land

By the start of the lwenty-first century, Britain had (O)...PFÇ.Ç.MF... a highly urbanised country, with

only a small proportion of the population in touch (1)............the working life of the countryside.

(2)............ means always been the case. At the end of the nineteenth century, in excess (3)............ a million people were employed in agriculture, five (4)............ today's figure. But this has by

Even

(5).....

however, the tolal was significantly below that in most European countries, high

factory wages having already tempted people to leave lhe countryside in favour of the industrial cities. In (6)............

1o

this, the English custom of primogeniture, by

(7)............

1and is inherited

only by the eldest son, served (8)............ further accelerate the rural exodus. During the war years of the 1940s, at a time (9).,..........food was short, people seized whatever

opportunities (10)............ were to improve their diet (11)............ growing their own vegetables.

(12)............ appeal once the war was over, as (13)............ other temporaryexpediencies, such as keeping chickens in town gardens.(14)............ is more, mixed However, this practice soon lost

arable and livestock farming, once the norm, became rare, so that even ever were involved in aoriculture.

t0

(15)...

people than

Paper

3

[Jse

of English

Part2

::'

:-estions 16-25, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the

-==

::

'-:

form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

,,our answers in CAPITAL LETTERS

rrarnp'e:

tr

on the separate answer sheet.

rErtrtrtrtrtrtrtrIlllllllI Fast Brain Waves

- :' half a century ago, scientists found they could record the : :,,=::Klçôf. signals of the brain at work. What at first appeared a random ELECTRTC '-':- potch of activity became a pattern of elegant waves (16)............ RHYTHM :=':-nined. Ever since, scientists have wondered whelher

:-; *

secrets of our thoughts, (17)............ and

5 r .. .,

--=

even

PERCEIVE

........ itself might be hidden in the patterns of our brain waves.

question of why we have brain waves is, (19)............ , as hotly

CONSCIOUS

debated

-:1., as it was when the patterns were discovered. But the meaning, and even r*. :xrstence, of fast rhythms in the alert brain is highly (20).. -

: -

=:

: rcld

The

(21)............ SEARCH

(22)............ that the significance of these brain waves should

:= t23)............

--=

CONTROVERSY

is problematic is that you can't perceive these rhythms directly, they are so

-rdden in the noise created by other brain activity, but many ,,

ARGUE

not

.

ESTIMATE

atest suggestion is that the rhythms could be (24)............ in

detecting

:'::esses going on in different regions of the brain. Some believe that these --,:-rns might even interact, and in doing so help the brain to package --:'ration into (25)............ thoughts. How we bring together these related : :-als in the brain

CONVINCE

DECIDE

COHERE

is a puzzle as yet unresolved.

21

Test

1

Part 3 For questions 26-31, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. Here is an example (0).

Example:

0

Some of the tourists are hoping to get compensation for the poor state of the hotel, and I think they have a very ......... case. There's no point in trying to wade across the river, the current is far too

ll

]':::::i:::':

iffl":lr'J:;ididates

shourd set rhe job' r'm afraid I don't have anv

tr TEtrENTITTTTTITTTTTT Write only the missing word in CAPITAL LETT€RS on the separate answer sheet.

26

The police were given the

tl::ï.oi

o::ol":

....

.

ilJ'ffiej;J,o.l:

.... to break up gatherings of three or more people.

n"u" been used in erectricitv seneration if

The Chairman of the company was reluctant to hand over of Directors in his absence.

27

Demand for beach toys is very weather.

..

..

nucrear

...... to the Board

....... this year because of the bad summer

The villagers were angered when the council spokesperson put forward

a

rather

... argument for closing the local school. This tea's far

28

too

There's no point

....... ; there's too much water in the pot.

in

raising the matter again;

I

have no intention

of changing my

Bettina has worked there for ten years and thinks she should have been offered a better in the company by now. The airline's

financial

is healthier now than it has been for many years.

Paper

29

| think what you said yesterday on anything.

The

lecturer

..................

3

Use of English

how difficult it is to get anyone to agree

........ his talk with a really colourful selection of slldes.

It was universally agreed that the book which won the photography prize was beautifully

30

The party will never succeed until it manages to ease the tensions between its conservative and liberal The consortium agreed that

the

.... for the aircraft would be made in Canada.

The hotel consists of a larqe block with two

31

Sally always joins me for a

.........

.

Our house is near the end of the postman's about 9.30.

smaller

. on each side.

...... . of golf on Saturday mornings.

.......

Management are meeling with the unions for avert the threatened strike.

another

..... , so he doesn't get here until

of negotiations to

23

Test

1

Part 4 For questions 32-39, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).

Example:

0

Do you mind if I watch you while you paint?

objection Do

you

......you while you paint?

0

Write only the missing words on the separate answer sheet.

32

Anne's dedication to her work has always been exemplary.

herself Anne

33

..

....... the most exemplary

The delay is a nuisance, but l'm sure Sam can solve our problems.

come The delay is a nuisance, but l'm sure Sam can to our oroblems.

34

Henrik was very pleased to be selected for the team.

delight Much

24

.

....... for the team.

way.

Paper

35

3

Use of English

Yoshi wanted to make sure that everything was as it should be on the big day.

leave Yoshi

36

didn't

on the big day.

The treasurer called a meetinq to discuss the club's finances.

purpose The

treasurer's..........

to discuss the club's

finances.

37

lt may seem strange, but the composer has no formal training in music.

lacks

Strange

.............. kind of formal training in

music.

38

I've never thought of asking the hotel staff for advice about restaurants.

occurred It has ..... restaurants.

39

In spite of all my efforts, I couldn't persuade Soraya to come to the concert.

hard No

matter

....

, I couldn't persuade Soraya

to come to the concert.

25

Test

7

Part 5 questions 40-43, answer with a word For question s 4o-44,read the following texts on language. For question 44' write a summary or short phrase. You do not need to write complete sentences' For according to the instructions given.

sheet' Write your answers to questions 40-44 on the separate answer

of ours? So how did it all begin, this powerful, weird communication system 5,000 years Frustratingly, we do not know. Our earliest written records are around at least 50'000 old, though most are more fecent. Yet language must have evolved recently' how Until years ago, and most expefts propose a date 1OO,0OO years ago' it all began was an unfashionable question, a playground for cranks' curious theories abounded. Tâke the views of Lord Monboddo, a Scottish how to aristocrat, who in 1773 published a book claiming that humans learned

line 6

and how to sing spin and weave from spiders, how to construct dams from beavers,

and speak from birds. avoided by As absurd claims mushroomed, the question of language origin was one serious scholars. Yet scholarly disapproval did not stop speculation. of language academic, in fact, has counted twenty-three 'principal theories' are origin. Another acidly commented: 'The very fact ... that human animals of essentially ready to engage in a great "garrulity" over the merits and demerits humans and gap between unprovable hypotheses, is an exciting testimony to the

other animals.'

The origin of language is like a juicy fruit dangling just out of reach. Human their minds: 'Few beings have a natural curiosity about it seemingly built into questions in the study of human language have attracted so much attention, that of prouok"d so much controversy, or resisted so resolutely their answers as the origin of language,' noted a recent writer' abounded.'? (line 6) Which phrase tater in the text repeats the idea of 'Curious theories

41

26

What does 'it' in line 18 refer to?

line 18

Paper

3

Use of English

Vhen we humôns ever bother to think ôbout what makes us different from all other :rimals, we quickly focus on language. we use it to conjure up imôges in our mind, '",theTher for a solo drift in a daydream, or collectively, as we tell each other stories. Quite simply, language ts our medium. In spite of this, how it evolved remains amongst :he most speculative areas of investigation into human origins. No wondeç then, that anthropologists' speculations have long been as contentious as

rllley are imaginative. unfortunately, of all human behaviour, the spoken word is practically invisible in the archaeological record.lt doesn't manifest itse lf legibly in the

ways that technological skills show themselves in the complexity of toolkits, or as cognitive and organisational skills imprint themselves on patterns of hunting practice. But language surely influences how these skills are used, in the standardisation of tool types or in the cohesive ness of a tribal Sroup searching for food. But how lo know any of these things: that's the challenge .

In a recently published book, an American linguist has offered us a state-of-the-art review of the work carried out on the origins of language. Among the patte rns he sees

emerging is that modern spoken language, as a tool of highly efficientcommunication, was the key to the success of onatomically modern humans who appeared around 150,000 yeôrs ôgo. lt was, he argues, a simultaneous evolution of linguistic competence and a capaciÇ for complex thought that gave us an evolutionary edge over other animals.

12

Explain the paradox in the relationship between language and humans described in paragraph 1

43

Explain in your own words what two factors in human evolution, mentioned in paragraph 3, gave human beings an advantage over other animals.

44

In a paragraph of 50-70 words, summarise in your own words as far as possible why it has been so difficult to investigate the origins of language, as described in both texts. Write your

summary on the separate answer sheet.

27

Test

1

PAPER 4

LISTENING (40 minutes approximately) Part

You will hear four different extracts. For questions

1

1-8, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best

according to what you hear. There are two questions for each exlract.

Extract One You hear a radio programme in which a man is talking about mountaineering.

1

The speaker feels the press coverage of mountaineering is

A B C 2

untrue. unfair.

unkind.

E

He suggests that people are attracted to climbing because of

A B C

the level of regulation in the sport. the atmosphere amongst the participants. the contrast it provides with other activities.

ffi

È*tt*1r*o You hear an educational psychologist talking at a public meeting about parents'concerns for their

school-age children.

3

What is the psychologist doing when she speaks?

A B C 4

According to the psychologist, what should parents do if their children ask for help with their homework?

A B C 2B

describing her research with parents giving some reassurance to parents advising parents to improve their skills

listen and offer encouragement suggest alternative aPProaches supply answers to a difficult task

Paper

4

Listening

I

Extract

-

,

Thrê,e,,,,,,,1 i :| l '..1

^ eat part of a radio interview in which a social scientist, Ricardo Benetti, talks about

--e

- A B C

interviewer says that, in Benetti's view, self-deception has been misunderstood as a conceot. is a strategy employed by developed cultures. is a product of moral uncertainty.

3enetti gives the example of the watch to show that self-deception is

A B C

seltdeception.

essentiallypointless. surprisinglycomplex. generally effective.

':u hear a musician

ffi ffi

talking about classical music.

She refers to a documentary on the Renaissance period in order to

A B C

emphasise her point about modern attitudes towards music. compare popular appreciation of music and painting. praise certain television programmes about music.

ffi

What is her attitude towards present-day musicians?

A B C

She regrets their level of musicianship. She criticises their lack of imagination. She believes their needs are not being met.

[l*t

29

Test

1

Part2 You will hear part of a radio programme about penguins - birds which live in Antarctica. For questions 9-17, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

Amanda Newark has been studying penguins as part of a project run by the

9. Scientists have found some evidence of what is known as amongst penguins in Antarctica.

10

Amanda explains that the relationshio between heart rate

,iït.

and

:

is similar in penguins and humans.

In the experiment she describes, Amanda placed a

ïË''l

containing a sensor in a penguin's nest.

Amanda explains that, for this experiment, it wasn't necessary to

the penguins. To identify the penguin she had approached, Amanda put

on its front. Amanda found that the penguin's heart rate increased when groups of more than

humans approached it.

Larger groups of people did not upset the penguin as long as

they remained

,iL6,,i

when thev were close to it.

Amanda feels that the arranoements made bv l.i*T.

30

have been very good so far.

Paper

4

Listening

Part 3 ïilru will hear the owner of a very unusual house, and his architect, talking to a visitor to the house. choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.

fuqtestionslE-22,

rl

The owner feels that contemporary architecture

A B C D

t Ë

For the owner, one problem of living in the house is

A B C D ,

ls

t

I lir

the state of the walls. the number of storeys. the size of the rooms.

used readily available materials. dug extensive foundations. chose a soft piece of ground. built on a flat piece of land.

The present kitchen was originally used for

A B C D

fiL

the oosition of the kitchen.

The architect thinks the original builders were economical because they

A B C D

SL

has been impressive in London. is better than it used to be. has provided beautiful things to look at. produces work of lasting value.

keeping provisions. storing arms and weapons. dining and entertaining. holding prisoners.

The architect feels he has

A B C D

improved on the originqldesign. preserved the original function. letl a puzzle for f uture generations. given the house a viable future.

rû

tu

31

Test

1

Part 4 been to people, Louisa and william, who have you will hear part of a radio discussion between two expressed by decide whether the opinrons are ià-zg, questiont For museum. afl a new modern the speakers agree' onfy on" of the speakers, or whether

Write L

W B

or

for Louisa, forWilliam, for Both, where theY agree'

23

the museum' lt rs not easy to find your way round

24

current ideas in art' The title of the main exhibition reflects

25

reaction' True art need not provoke an extreme

26

of doubtful artistic value' The sculpture at the entrance is

27

The exhibition is too showY'

28

Art should sometimes be soothing'

32

ffi re ffi ffi ffi ffi

Paper

PAPER

5

5

Speaking

SPEAK|NG (19 minutes)

-^ere are two examiners. One (the interlocutor) conducts the test, providing you with the necessary -aterials and explaining what you have to do. The other examiner (the assessor) will be introduced -: you, but then takes no further part in the interaction.

Part 1 (3 minutes) -ne interlocutor first asks you and your partner a few questions which focus on information about ,lurselves and personal opinions.

Part2 (4 minutes) r

this part of the test you and your partner are asked to talk together. The interlocutor ptaces a pictures on the table in front of you. There may be only one picture in the set or as many as 'et of :even pictures. This stimulus provides the basis for a discussion. The interlocutor firsl asks an rtroductory question which focuses on two of the pictures (or in the case of a single prcture, on

aspects of the picture). After about a minute, the interlocutor gives you both a decision-making task

:ased on the same set of pictures. The picture for Part 2 is on page C3 of the cotour section.

Part 3 (12 minutes) /ou are each given the opportunity to talk for two minutes, to comment after your partner has spoken and to take part in a more general discussion. The interlocutor gives you a card with a question written on it and asks you to talk about it for :wo minutes. After you have spoken, your partner is first asked to comment and then the nterlocutor asks you both another question related to the topic on the card. This procedure is repeated, so that your partner receives a card and speaks for two minutes, you are given an

cpportunity to comment and a follow-up question is asked. Finally, the interlocutor asks some further questions, which leads to a discussion on a general iheme related to the subjects already covered in part 3. The cards for Part 3 are on pages c2 and c1o of the colour section.

1a

.).)

Test 2 PAPER

1

READING (1 hour 30 minutes) Part

1

(A, B, C or D) best fits texts below and decide which answer For questions 1-18, read the three eacn gap. answer sheet' Mark your answers on the separate

Citizen Kane its (1) ' ' ' in 1 941 ' despite the brouhaha that attended when the lilm citizen Kane tinally appeared its (2) " " subject' of the harm william Randolph Hearst' - delayed because of distributors' fears mightdotothem_and|arge|yecstatlcreviews,itwasnotacommercia|success.ltwastelevtston others' that has lt is perhaps the one film' above all that brought it bacl< to the public consciousness' it was orson welles's This is all the more astonishrng since inspired people to become film-makers. no idea of what he was or its success arose from his having first film. welles always (3) . . that (4) ' " ' had an extraordinary team at his and did it' But he wasn,t allowed to do: he just went ahead

wizard Herman J' Mankiewicz' and the special-effects cameraman Gregg Toland, screenwriter

LinwoodDunn.WhenWe||esandMankiewicz(5)'...ontheideaofportrayinganewspapermagnate whobothWaSandwasn,tHearst,We|lesrea|isedthathehadfoundaperfectvehicleforhimse|fboth whirlwind' his chance with the energy of a as dtrector and actor, and (6) " ' '

1 A issue 2 A attested 3 A maintained 4 A disPosat 5 A latched 6 A griPPed

B release B admitted B upheld B invitation B jumPed B plucked

C publication C alleged C detailed C hand C caught C seized

D broadcast D affirmeo D specified D oPtion D hit D wrenched

Dermot and Carmel had said that he might be rather odd that morning' Twice he Dermot thought that carmel was

late

andnottoworryifhe(7)....intothego|fc|ubonthewayhome'HehadtohaveanatterwtthSomeon( amiably and distantly as if shi have it. Twice she had (g) and that was the best place to

hadn't reallY heard or understood' 1À

.

her head

Paper

,',/l1l

I

Reading

you be all right? What are you going to do today?'he had asked.

3re had smiled.'Funny you should ask that. I was just thinking that I hadn't anything to do all day =: I was going to (9) ....down town and look at the shops. I was thinking that it was almost a sinful :-ing, just

(10)

.. away the day.'

Jermot had smiled back.'You're (11) .. to enjoy yourself. And as I said, if I'm late lwon't want .rything to eat. So don't (12) .... to any trouble.' fits

o^t

\o, that's fine,'she

7 A Tell 8 A nodded 9 A pace 10 A drifting 11 A sanctioned 12 A take

said.

B bumped B gestured B tread B killing B entitled B get

C dropped C shrugged C step C easing C justified

cgo

D D D D D D

cut stirred stroll idling rightful put

;ion ttdù

sor zarg tdtu

coth

Title Race Tea boy? Do you mind, I'm a mobile lukewarm beverage resource facilitator.

Human nature provides the most divine of comedres. (13) . . . a recent study which has informed the nation that job titles are a prime cause of envy and unrest at work. A survey by a leading firm of recruitment consultants found that 90% of employers and70"/o of employees admit that titles create (14) .. among colleagues. Most shockingly, the survey found that 7O'/" of

off

in favour of a more'motivational'or'professional'

ice workers would be willing to (15) .... a pay rise job title. lf our vanity is (16) .... such proportions

that even basic greed is being overwhelmed, we are indeed in dire straits. The truth is that in these brave new days of the early twenty-first century, nobody is content to be (17) .... subordinate. The titles under discussion (18) .. the emphasis on ability (speciatist, coordinator) but are, in fact, little more than euphemisms.

)one

'sne

13ACorroborate BTestify l4Acompartments Bdemarcations 15Aforgo Brevoke 16Aattaining Breaching lTAdefined Bmarked place 18 A B set

C Confirm C divisions C forbear C touching C labelled C fix

D Witness D partitions D resign D finding D identified D allocate 35

Test 2

Parl2 in some way with modern technology' You are going to read four extracts which are all concerned D) which you think fits best accordtng to the For questions 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or text.

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet'

Writing bY hqnd qnd on screen effort is in geleral read r'vithout Dr.Johnson maintained that ''vhat is rvritten u'ithout hard. Looking back through mv pleasure,. 'I'he conr,.erse is that goocl rvriting comes the,v contained' Today halclrvritten school essays I1,as surprised at hor'v feu' crossings-out that thev rvere I u,ourld have rer,vritten them fir,e times orrer. I am sure the reason r'vas hand disciplined the brain' \vhat n'ouid be ph,vsically hard to r,r,rite. The slorvness of the facility of the computer ieads difficult to alter or elase rvas r'r,ritten rvith care. The casual the time spent correcting early to sloppiness. Nlost r,r,riters using r,r,ord plocessors find spent on handr'vritten text' drafts more or less equates with the time originally ponderous' This the e-mail, unlike the handr'r,ritten letter, is emotionally Equall.v,

the love letter' \'Iillions of these missives electronic Eros is said to har''e reYived the art of rvas onlf idle chatter' Hurrah for that' nou, flor,r, dor,vn the iines, r,r,here previously there ancl a sort of grammar' But'nyords At least these e-mails are \r,ritten, in a s6rt of' English r'r'riters are often unaccustomed printed on a Screen pack a monotonous punch' Their to 'flare '' Their meaninq to the porver o1' the written rvorcl and tencl, in computerialgon)

And printed r'vords u'ritten in iraste becomes exaggerated and distortcd in transmission' lack the care and character of handlvritine'

19

Whatpointdoesthewriterfeelisillustratedbyhisschoolessays?

A

too many times' lt is a mistake to change what you have written

BThestandardofwhatyouwriteisbetterifitcannoteasilybechanged.

quality of what they have written' word processors give writers a false impression of the DCompUterSmaxewriterschangetheirviewconcerningwhatconstitutesgoodwriting.

c 20

e-marls? Which of the following does the writer imply about

A|tisun|ikelythattheywil|rematnacommonwayofsending|ove|etters.

B C

informative' They are sometimes entertaining rather than letters' handwritten to They bear some relation

DItiscommonforpeop|etoincludecomputertermino|ogyinthem' t6

Paper

1

Reading

The CD . :ut down my cup and went to inspect the cD. The case was disappointing :-rt the rainbow-silver disc inside looked interesting. ''\'onderful little things, aren't they?'Mr warriston said, coming back into the :.rùm. I agreed, gingerly handing the disc to him. 'Amazing they manage to squeeze seventy minutes of music onto them,' he continued, bending to the hi_ - device. He switched it on and all sorts of lights came on. He pressed a button :nd a little drawer slid out of the machine. He put the disc inside, pressed the :.rtton again and the tray glided back in again. 'of course, some people say :hev sound sterile, but I think they...' Do you have to turn them over, like records?, I asked.

\\'hat? No,' Mr Warriston said, straightening. 'No, you only play one side.' '\\'hy?' I asked him. ,{e looked nonplussed, and then thoughtful. 'you know,'he said, 'I've no idea. don't see why you couldn't make both sides playable and double the capaciry...' He stared down at the machine. 'you could have rwo lasers, or just :urn it over by hand... hmm.' He smiled at me. 'yes, good point.' He nodded çr\'€r ât my wooden chair. 'Anyrvay. Come on, let's get you sitting in the best place for the stereo effect, eh?'

i

I smiled, pleased to have thought of a technical question Mr Warriston could not answer.

21

What do we learn about the narrator from the extract?

A B

c D

22

He was keen to prove that Mr warriston could be wrong about some things. He was not very good at understanding technical matters. He already had a low opinion of CDs. He had never operated a CD player himself.

What do we learn about Mr Warriston from the extract? A B

c D

He liked to be knowledgeable about how machines worked. He found the narrator's questions annoying. He was more impressed by the way cDs worked than the sound thev made. He was pretending to know a great deal about CDs.

37

r Test 2

Books Yersus Electronic Text In comparing books and electronic text, the author Malcolm Bradbury was spot on when he said that if matches had been invented after cigarette lighters, we'd have marvelled at the improvement. Most

of the propaganda, dazzled by newness, states that electronic text is a change comparable to the lnvention of printing and that it is already nearly completed. It ignores the fact that shifts in

So far, so wrong. Reading

anything lengthy on a screen is such a miserable experience that most never do it and, in any case, the organisation of what resides in computers encourages people to dip into text. Techno-proselytisers have extracted virtue here by claiming that inherent flightiness leads to new forms

of

narrative and imaginative space. But there's nothing new about 'nonconsciousness take generations and such Iinearity'. Lots of books have never been rhetoric falls into the trap of read from beginning to end - most chronocentricity, the egotism that one's religious texts, dictionaries and poetry own generation sits on the very cusp of collections spring to mrnd. What is new history. Tâke this treasure from Mighty is not so much the branchings of Micro, a book from 1979 'The 1980s electronic text as that computers don't will see the book as we know it, and as invite the joined-up thinking of reading our ancestors created and cherished it, anything in its entirety. begin

a

slow and steady slide to oblivion.'

The writer uses the quote f rom Mighty Micro lo illustrate

A B C D

the speed at which propaganda can have an effect. people's tendency to overlook the disadvantages of change. people's desire to feel that they are living in a period of great change. the view on new inventions expressed by Malcolm Bradbury.

The writer implies that electronic text will not completely replace books because

A B C D

38

it is not suited to people's desire to read some things all the way through. it will lead to a style of writing that many people will find unappealing. only certain kinds of books will be presented in the form of electronic text. dipping into text can require more effort than reading something right through.

Paper

1

Reading

The Office l:rarles walked through the office door and into a perfect world of order. The :a:pet was clear of the paper avalanche which had buried it on the very day it was ::t down, and the naked desk was dark wood, just as he remembered it from the Sctheby's auction of flve weeks ago. Neat file-holders were being put in their proper :lawers. Twelve years of trade journals now fllled the shelves on one wall. :'athleen strained to close the door of the filing cabinet and then turned on him. \bu have to go to computers, Charles. This is just too much.'

Ilello, Kathleen. Oh, this is amazing.' He was admiring the room, its antique :urniture. He was not visualising a computer or any other mechanical device in it, :"rot even a pencil sharpener. 'Simply amazing,'he said, altogether skirting the issue rf computers. Cver the two years he had known her, they'd had this conversation many times. She could never understand his resistance to the technology when he was so adept at computers and had even published an important paper on computer-mode giftedness. She had been the inspiration for that paper. Via the keyboard, she could dip her f,ngers into the stuffing of any software and make it into a new animal that could sit up and bark at the moon if she wished.

What particularly pleased Charles when he first entered the office?

A B C D

Kathleen was working hard to tidy it up. The furniture had been rearranged. There were no longer any mechanical devices there. lts decor was now clearlv visible.

to What do we learn about Kathleen from this extract?

A B C D

She did things on computer that Charles did not approve of. She could do things with computers that Charles considered exceptional. She had computer skills that even Charles could not understand. She had become resigned to Charles's attitude to computers.

39

Test 2

Part 3 You are going to read an extract from a book. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (27-33). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

The Vienno Assignmenf I

was in Vienna to take photographs. That was the reason I was anywhere then.

generally

Photographs were more than my livelihood.They were part of my life. The way light fell on a surface never failed to tug at my imagination. The way one picture, a single snapshot, could capture the essence of a time and place, a city, a human being, was embedded in my consciousness.

27

photographer, Rudi Schûssner, had walked out on the

job in Vienna for reasons nobody seemed to think needed to know about. Rather than call in someone

I

new, they offered me the substitute's role.

30 They put me up at the Europa, on Neuer Markt, in the heart of the old city. l'd last been to Vienna for a long weekend with my wife: a midsummer tourist scramble round just about every palace and museum in the joint.

l'd come close once, when some weird aptness in the

It had been hot, hectic and none too memorable.

knotted shape of a smoke plume from a burning oil well made my picture the one newspapers and magazines all over the world suddenly wanted. Brief glory from an even briefer moment" Just luck, really. But they say you make your own - the bad as well as

hadn't even taken many photographs. On my own, in a cold hard January, it was going to be different, though.

the good.

28

The first day I didn't even try. I rode the trams round the Ringstrasse, getting on and off as I pleased to sample the moods of the place. The weather was set,

Irozen like the vast baroque remnants But, still, I was taking photographs. And I was being paid to do it. lt didn't sound bad to me. The assignmenl

was actually a piece of happenstance. I'd done the London shots for a glossy coffee{able picture book: Four Cities in Four Seasons - London, Paris, Rome, Vienna, a European co-publishing venture that netted me a juicy commission to hang round moody locations in my home city in spring, summer, autumn, and winter. l'd given my own particular slant to daffodils in

Hyde Park and heat haze and traffic fumes

in

Piccadilly.

It was just after an obliging cold snap over Christmas and New Year that I handed in my London-in-winter

batch and got the message that the Austrian

.+0

I

of

the

redundant empire that had laid the city out. I hadn't seen what Schûssner had done with spring, summer or autumn. I hadn't wanted to.

92

Next morning,

I

was out at dawn. Snow flurries

overnight meant Stephansplatz would be virginally white as well as virtually deserted. I hadn't figured out how to cope with the cathedral in one shot. lts spire stretched like a giraffe's neck into the silver-grey sky, but at ground level it was elephantine, squatting massively in the centre of the city. Probably there was no way to do it. l'd have to settle for something partial. In that weather, at that time, it could still be magical. But then, there's always been something magical about photography.

Paper

ever. Perhaps that's =.en when you know why it happens you don't mystery. That stays with you for

why

1

Reading

what happened

at

Stephansplatz that morning failed in some strange way to surprise me.

:-e sense of its

--e

Austrian publishers had liked what they'd .=en of my stuff, apparently. Besides, I was free. ,,,rereas the French and ltalian photographers ,',eren't. And I was glad to go. Things at home ,', eren't great. They were a long way short of that I rveek snapping snowy Vienna didn't have to be :'essed up as a compliment to my artistry for me

I went freelance after that, which should have been a clever move and would probably have worked out that way, but for life beyond the lens taking a few wrong turnings. The mid-nineties weren't quite the string of triumphs l'd foreseen

::

than anywhere even faintly newsworihy.

when my defining image made it to the cover of Timemagazine.That's why I was in Vienna, rather

go like a shot.

-rrs was going to be

my Vienna, not his. And it

l'd also reconciled myself to the best and truest of

,,,as going to give itself to me. I just had to let it : rme" A photograph is a moment. But you have to

what l'd delivered being tossed aside. lt was, after

all, only a picture book. lt wasn't meant to challenge anyone's preconceptions or make them see instead of look.

the moment to arrive. So I bided my time and looked and looked until I could see clearlv. And then I was ready. ,,,ait for

G

always shied clear of accessories, arguing that all you needed to do the job were a good pair of eyes and a decent camera. Plus spontaneity of oourse, which you don't get fiddling with tripod egs. I just prowled round the square, looking for rhe right angle, for some way to give scale as wel as atmosohere to the scene. C

It certainly seemed that way to the nineteenthcentury pioneers, before the chemistry of it was

properly understood. Pictures develop

and

strengthen and hold by an agency of their own You can stand in a darkened room and watch a

One day, one second, I might close the shutter on

the perfect photograph. There was always the chance, so long as there was film in my camera. Finish one; load another; and keep looking, with eyes wide open. That was my code. Had been for a long time.

I knew that the moment I climbed off the shuttle bus from the airport and let my eyes and brain absorb the pinky-grey dome of light over the snow-sugared roofs of the city. I was going to enjoy myself here. I was going to take some great oictures.

blank sheet of paper become a photograph.

41

r Test 2

Part 4 You are going to read an extract from a novel. For questions 34-40, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits besl accordinq to the text. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Simon Costello knew that the purchase of the house rn Pembroke Square had been a mistake within a year of his and Lois's moving in. A possession which can only be afforded by the exercise of stringent and calculated economy is best not afforded at all. But at the time it had seemed a sensible, as well as a desirable, move. He nao had a run of successful cases and theywere coming in with reassuring regularity. Lois had returned to her job at the advertising agency within two months of the birth of the twins, and had been given a rise which took her salary to thirty-five thousand. lt was Lois who had argued the more strongly for a move, but he had put up little resistance to arguments which at the time had seemed compelling: the f lat wasn't really suitable for a family; they needed more room, a garden, separate accommodation for an au pair. All these, of course, could have been achieved in a suburb or in a less fashionable part of London than Pembroke Square, but Lois was ambitious for more than additional soace. Mornington Mansions had never been an acceptable

address for an up-and-coming young barrister and a successful businesswoman, She never said it withour a sense that even speaking the words subtly diminished her standing, socially and economically. Lois had decided that a necessary economy was for one of them to travel by public transport. Her firm was on the other

of London; obviously Simon must be the one to economise. The overcrowded tube journey, started in a mood of envious resentment, had become an unproductive thirty minutes of brooding on present discontents. He would recall his grandfather's house in Hampstead where he had stayed as a boy, the smell of dinner from the kitchen, his grandmother's insistence that the returning breadwinner, tired from his exhausting day in cou11, should be given peace, a little gentle cosseting, and relief from every petty domestic anxiety. She had been a'lawyer's wife', indefatigable in legal good causes, elegantly present at all lawyers'functions, apparently contentwith the sphere of life which she had made her own. Well, that world had oasseo for ever. Lois had made it plain before their marriage that her career was as important as his. lt hardly needed saying;this was, after all, a modern marriage. The job was important to her and important t0 them both. The house, the au pail their whole standard of living depended on tuiro salaries. And now what they were precariously achieving could be destroyed by that self-righteous, interfering Venetia. side

A)

Venetia must have come straight from the court to their offices and she had been in a dangerous mood. Something or someone had upset her. But the word 'upset'was too weak, too bland for the intensity of furious disgust with which she had confronted him. Someone had driven her to the limit of her endurance. He cursed himself. lf he hadn't been in his room, if he'd only left a minute earlier, the encounter wouldn't have taken place, she would have had the night to think it over, to consider what, if anything, sne ought to do. Probably nothing. The morning might have brought sense. He remembered every word of her angry accusations.

'l

defended Brian Cartwright today. Successfully. He told me that when you were his counsel four years ago you knew before trial that he had bribed three of the jury. You did nothing. You went on with the case. ls that true?' 'He's lying. lt isn't true.'

'He also said that he passed over some shares in his company to your fiancée. Also before trial. ls that true?'

'l tell you, he's lying. None of it's true.'

The denial had been as instinctive as an arm raised to ward off a blow and had sounded unconvincing even to his own ears. His whole action had been one of guilt. The first

cold horror draining his face was succeeded by a hot

flush, bringing back shameful memories of his headmaster's studv, of the terror of the inevitable punishment. He had made himself look into her eyes and had seen the look of contemptuous disbelief. lf only he'd had some warning" He knew now what he should nave said: 'Cartwright told me after the trial but I didn't believe him. I don't believe him now. That man will say anything to ma ke himself important.' But he had told a more direct, more dangerous lie, and she had known that it was a lie. Even so, why the anger, why the disgust? What was that old misdemeanour to do with her?

Who had sent Venetia Aldridge to be guardian of the conscience of their legal practice? 0r of his, come to that? Was her own conscience so clear, her behaviour in coun always immaculate? Was she .iustified in destroying his career? And it would be destruction. He wasn't sure what exactly she could do, how far she was prepared to go, but if this got about, even as a rumour, he was done for.

lirp

Paper

,-i

Reading

: -= -eason why Simon Costello had agreed to buy the house in Pembroke Square was that

a 3 I lr i

1

I

-:

A 3 0 D S

-crs persuaded him that he had a tendency to be too cautious. :-e idea arose at a time when he was optimistic about his earning capacity.

-e had not dared to dispute The reasons Lois had given him for doing so. .e had felt that neither he nor Lois would have difficulty economising later. reason why Lois had wanted to buy the house was that she felt that Mornington Mansions reflected poorly on her status. f'4ornington Mansions was a place that other people had not heard of. she had never been happy living in Mornington Mansions. Mornington Mansions was in a particularly unpopular part of London.

ron

A 3 C D

recalled that the atmosphere in his grandparents' house had been marked by

his grandfather's dislike of everyday household matters. a clear understanding that his grandmother was the dominant figure there.

apprehension as to what mood his grandfather would be in. his grandmother's understanding attitude towards his grandfather.

,",/hen Simon compared his own marriage with that of his grandparents, he

A B C D

was resentful that Lois did not have the same attitude as his grandmother. realised that his grandmother had been less content than she had seemed. wondered why he and Lois had not discussed her career plans more thoroughly. resigned himselT to the fact that his own situation was inevitable.

Simon 'cursed himself ' (line 51) when he thought about his confrontation wilh Venetia Decause

A B C D

he had {ailed to anticipate how angry she would be on her return from court. he had not given her time to reflect on the situation in a more measured way. he fett that it had been the result oT nothing other than his own bad luck. he realised that he had not appreciated how much pressure she was under.

During the conversation about Brian Cartwright, Simon had

A B C D ,tn

looked like someone who was being dishonest. thought of responses but felt unable to give them. been puzzled as to why his responses had seemed dishonest. felt the need to control his own temper.

Which of the following did Simon wonder about Venetia?

A B C D

why she had such a good reputation whether she had something to hide why she liked spreading rumours whether she was actino out of character 43

Test 2

PAPER

2

WRITING (2 hours) Part

1

You must answer this question. Write your answer in 300-350 words in an appropriate style.

1 An area

in the centre of your town is to be redeveloped. The Town Council has published the following suggestions and asked for proposals from residents. You decide to write a proposal addressed to the Town Council in which you discuss the advantages of each suggestion and justify your choice of one of the options.

Town Redevelopment a leisure centre, which will not only update the existing sports facilities, but also include new cinemas and restaurants

hotel and conference centre designed to attract visitors and increase opportunities for employment locally a

a supermarket

with a multi-storey car park

and some new homes for local peoPle

Write your proposal.

44

Paper

2

Writing

Part 2 ,',/rite an answer to one of the questions

2-5 in this part. Write your answer in 300-350 words in an

rrpropriate style.

A magazine is running a series enlitled Musical Memories. Readers are invited to send in articles

explaining why a piece of music reminds them of a particular occasion, and saying why the lne JSdl

ano

occasion is imoortant to them. Write your article. A new magazine has been published to promote tourism in your country. Readers have been invited to send in reviews of an annual public event in their area, such as a festival. You decide to send in a

review briefly describing your chosen event, and explaining its significance for local life and culture.

Write your review. The following headline appeared in Feelgood, a lifestyle magazine, introducing an article about the attitudes of young people.

Being young

-

it's not fun

You decide 1o write a letter to the magazine based on your own experience, and giving reasons for your views.

Write your letter. Based on your reading of one of these books, write on one of the following:

(a)

Anne Tyler: The AccidentalTourist Your local English-language newspaper has invited readers to send in reviews oT books featuring characters who set about changing their lives. You decide 1o write a review oT The Accidental Tourist, focusing on how Macon's character develops as a result of his misfortunes, finally allowing him to break free from his past. Write your review.

(b)

Brian Moore: The Colour of Blood 'Joy filled him. At last, he knew peace.'Write an essay for your tutor briefly describing the events that take place in the church at Rywald.You should analyse the reasons Tor Cardinal Bem's feelings at the end of the book.

Wrile your essay.

(c)

L.P. Hartley: The Go-Between Your local English-language newspaper is planning a series of articles on the role of the weather in fiction.You have read The Go-Between and decide to submit an article which assesses the imoortance of the weather to the storv. You should consider how it affects the course of events at Brandham Hall.

Write vour article. 45

Test 2

PAPER

3

USE OF ENGLISH (1 hour 30 minutes) Part

1

For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space' Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Write your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

EXAMPE:

trtrMtrtrMTTTITTITTTTTTT Advertising

(1).'......'..' other kind of image confronts us (2)............ anything like the same frequency. Never in history (3)............there been such a concentration of visual messages. The brain cannot help (a)...'........ take these messages Each and (0)..EYEKY. day we see hundreds of advertising images.

in, and for a moment they stimulate the imagination

(5)............ virtue of their appeal to memory or

expectation.

Advertising is usually justified as a competitive medium of benefit (6)...'........ the public and efficient manufacturers. (7)............ it may be true that, in advertising, one particular brand competes against another, it is also just (8)............ true that such publicity images confirm and enhance others. That there are choices to be made (9)...'..'..... without saying but, ultimately, advertising as a system makes a single proposal- namely (10)..........'. we transform ourselves, or our lives, by buying something more.we are led to believe that, by (11)......'..... doing, we will

in (12)............way or another become richer- but in fact we will become poorer, (13)..........'. spent our money. Advertising shows us people who have apparently been transformed into a new state and are, as a is result, enviable. The state of being envied is (1a),........... constitutes glamour. And advertising in the business

+6

(15).....'....'. manufacturing glamour.

Paper

3

Use of English

Part2 ::.' :;estions 16-25, read the text below. Use the word given -= s

in capitals at the end of some of the :o form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

3 your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS on

ITAMPIE:

trtrNtrtrtrtrTtrtrUtrtrITTITTT Science

--:'e

the separate answer sheet.

-

is it only for the specialist?

was a time when, as an educated person, you would have been expected

: : scuss any (0).lNIE.L.t.qçLuA.L=

or cultural topic. You would have read the

INTELLECT

(16)............

CONVERSE

,-=st novel, been familiar with the work of poets, and been wholly

-

the current state of art and music. You would have felt equally relaxed

. ;:ussing philosophical ideas in some (17)............ , should the subject of the

DEEP

: -:ussion have changed. This would have meant the (18)............ of issues

INCLUDE

. ated to the results ',,,,ever,

'cult = d.

of scientific research.

as significant discoveries accumulated, it became (19)............

for any one person to keep abreast

oT

INCREASE

developments across the entire

A point was reached where the pace of progress was so great that a single

-a

n became completely (20)............ to absorb the wealth of information. : entists could no longer (21)............ switch back and forth between

POWER CONFIDENCE

,.ciplines as before. They became specialists.

rroadly-educated person today can still have a general (22)............ of most

'the specialisms, but not in the (23)............ detail in which research workers

AWARE INTRICACY

'e themselves immersed.Trapped inside their own special areas, the pitfall for

- rst research scientists is an (24)............ to communicate with those working :'r areas bordering their own, let alone totally (25)............ areas.

ABLE CONNECT

47

Part 3 For questions 26-31, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in allthree sentences. Here is an example (0).

Example:

0

Some of the tourists are hoping to get compensation for the poor state of the hotel, and I think they have a very ..... case. There's no point in trying to wade across the river, the current is far too

:l

1":::::i:l:':i:ii;ir'J:;ididates

tr trtrtrtrNtr

shourd set the job' r'm afraid I don't have anv

IT ITI]TNTT I I TT

Write only the missing word in CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

26

Pia's under a lot of stress because she's in the

....

.. of applying for a new job.

The company was trying to develop a new manufacturing

....

. in an attempt

to cut costs. Many people buy cosmetics in an attempt to slow down

27

The managing director would like to beginning the individual interviews.

.....

the

........ of ageing.

.... the candidates as a group before

I'm not sure what to do - it's not the sort of problem we expect to have allthis modern technology.

The union officials said the management had agreed to

.......

......

.. now we

... the majority of

their demands.

28

The party leaders got together to plan their

next

in the election campaign.

Chrysoula hated playing chess with Yannis because he always took so long when it was his

It's high time we made

48

a

:there's so much to do.

Paper

D

The censors cut one

particular

3

Use of Englisb

from the film before it was released.

I'd rather go to the cinema; l'm afraid opera isn't my .... We couldn't get to sleep because we could hear the neighbours making a ......

I

After lunch, we had a

......

His grandparents had a time.

of cards, just to pass the time.

.........

... in Luca's upbringing, as his parents worked full-

Mrs Spencer opened the door and said, 'lf you lay a be trouble.'

tl

The city is keen to shake off its

:l*i: :":i

....

-]::::'::":T"i:',îiii:

.

. on my son, there'll

....... as a post-industrial problem area. in the 1e20s that peopre besan to regard the movins

Throughout the trial, Hopkins was the very

......

..... of respectability.

i

49

Part 4 For questions 32-39, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the wcird given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).

Example:

0

Do you mind if I watch you while you paint?

objection Do

you

You while You Paint?

Write only the missing words on the separate answer sheet.

32

The police had to let the suspect go because new evidence was produced.

light The police had to let the suspect go .... evidence produced.

33

The cost of building materials has gone up a great deal recently.

sharp There has

been

building materials

recently.

34

Maria didn't tell John the news until he had finished his meal.

i

for ll

Maria

50

....

....... telling him the news.

Paper

S

3

Use of English

Don't let her relaxed manner deceive you; she's an extremely shrewd businesswoman!

taken Don't let extremely sh rewd businesswoman

f

...... her relaxed manner; she,s an !

Unless the weather changes dramatically overnight, we'll be leaving at dawn.

no

Providing

the weather overniqht. we,ll

be leaving at dawn.

g

Werner found it hard to get used to the fact that he'd lost his job.

terms Werner found it hard lost his job.

t

.......

the fact that he,d

Simon does not intend to visit his aunt aoain. has

Simon !

...... his aunt again.

They gave Despina the impression that she would win first prize.

believe

Despina

.... she would win first prrze.

51

Test 2

Part 5 For questions 4O-44, read the following texts on journalism. For questions 40-43, answer with a word or short phrase. You do not need to write complete sentences. For question 44, write a summary according to the instructions given. Write your answers to questions 40-44 on the separate answer sheet.

The news business relies heavily on high technology, but there is nothing scientific about, it. 'Feel' is the oldest tool in journalism. Journalists are guided by hunch, gut

instinct and assumptions dating back to the dawn of civilisation. This is admirably demonstrated in Evelyn Waugh\ novel Scoop, wrirten in 1936, in which two journalists are sent off to report on a war in a far distant country, foreign correspondents called away from journalistic jobs, which each knows are more important. At home, one covered politics and scandal, and the other wrote about the countryside. This order of priorities hasn't changed much, I fear.

tine

I

News is about the exceptional, something which threatens, benefits, outrages, enlightens, titillates or amuses. Preferably it carries a headline: 'Pop star becomes astronaut!' or 'Killer bees invade small town!'. But it might also be a slow pattern of details, like a deadly virus gradually spreading into a worldwide epidemic.

There is no shortage of news reports. An average newspaper editor might sift through a million words of news daily, but have room for only a few thousand. Decisions are not made about what is fit to print. They are about what fits. And where space is tight, news from far away is always the loser.

40

According to the writer, what is paradoxical in the first paragraph about the process of news oroduction?

41

52

Which phrase later in the text echoes the idea behind'This order of priorities hasn't changed much'? (line 8)

Paper

3

Use of English

\-ewspaper rePorters must often work on their own, but some prefer the security of comparing notes with those {rom other organisations. The resulr can be the lies end trash of which the tabloids are ofcen accused, bur in rhe quality press rhis is, io -y opinion, rare and exceptional.

\\'hy?

reporting of news is not a series of 'almost random reactions ro random evenrs', ro use a much misused quote. It is a highly organised, systematic resPonse based on years of personal experience among senior journ"lists. This is, of course, an artificial human invention, because th"r" ,r" no God,-given, ultimare, objective means of measuring news prioriries. But it is one to which mosc iournalists and most broadcasters bring a srrong sense of public responsibility. Because the

Iournalists may often be unaware of the way their own social srarus or personal beliefs can affect their judgements or their phrasing. consciously or t'nconsciously, however, they generally base their choice and ffeatment of news on rwo criteria: firsrly, what is rhe politicaf social, economic and human significance of the event, and secondly, will it interesr, excite and entertain the readers? The first takes precedence over the second, but both matrer. No newsPaPer can succeed unless it strikes a chord with its readers and keeps in tune ç'ith them.

Which two phrases in the text reflect a very negative view of newspaper articles and their

contents?

In your own words, explain how an individual reporter's social status or personal beliefs can affect his or her reporting.

In a paragraph of 50-70 words, summarise in your own words as far as possible the basis

on which news stories are selected for publication, as described in both texts. Write vour

summary on the separate answer sheet.

53

Test 2

PAPER 4

LISTENING (40 minutes approximately) Part

1

You will hear four different extracts. For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best

according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.

You hear a woman talking about tourism.

1

What characterised the holidays provided by tour companies in the late twentieth century?

A B C 2

They were tailored to the particular destination. They had inadequate safety precautions. They were in a predictably uniform environment.

Why did the tourists fail to find out about the countries they visited?

A B C

The resorts were in isolated olaces. Tour companies made no provision for this.

Host countries were unprepared for them.

You hear a woman talking about a 16th-century map of London.

The map is not a true reflection of London because

A B C

the only public buildings shown were churches. the pieces of the map did not make up a whole. the map-makers had limited drawing skills.

Æ

What was the main purpose of the map?

A B C

54

to patronise the arts to promote business in the city to reflect the buyers'status

Æ

Paper

ku

t

4

Listening

hear part of a radio discussion about a new film.

What do the speakers agree about?

A B G a

the reason for making the film the effectiveness of the action scenes the inadequacy of the script

fUhat is the man's main criticism of the film?

A B C

lt lacks suspense. lt lacks direction. lt lacks originality.

lfrr,l hear part of a radio programme about the l gth-century composer Handel.

t

According to the speaker, Hande|s operas were, untir recentry, regarded as models for modern composers. too conventional to stage. historical curiosities.

A B C I

The speaker feels that the rigid l gth-century musical conventions can be used to emphasise the emotions of the singers. overcome by the development of modern singing styles. made less effective by different staging and direction.

A B C

55

Test 2

Part 2 you will hear part of a radio programme about the difficulties faced by witnesses and by the police the sentences with a word or short after a crime has been committed. For questions 9-17, complete phrase.

which witnesses often need to remember details of fast-moving events

g,

happened in verY

10

A

situations.

analysis was the basis of the old'photofit' identitY system'

Witnesses now build up facial features on a 11.

to create a good likeness.

The police practice of conducting 12

has not proved verY successful.

the same Witnesses are generally more able to recognise someone of 13

SurprisinglY, the

14

from among the susPects.

of witnesses is not alwaYs a good indication of their reliabilitY.

Experiments have shown that

15, memory deteriorates

rn older people.

Older people are often con{used about the

î6

of their memory.

witnesses Additional communication problems between police and may be caused bY both age and 56

17,

differences.

Paper

4

Listening

Part 3 hear a radio interview with Diana Boardman, the manager of an orchestra. ;tions 18-22, choose the answer (A, B, c or D) which fits best according to what you hear.

Dana feels that her orchestra is special because

A B C D

it benefits from a long history. her players are skilled in many areas. it is known for a particular type of music. she has associated with the right people.

Efiana says that her concerts

A B C D

t

According to Diana, it is important to

A B C D ,l

move towards a change in musical traditions. distinguish classical music from other art forms. understand the past influences on music. recognise the role of women in the historv of music.

Diana feels that the number of men in classical musrc audtences

A B C D z2

are better attended than most. consist of a mix of music types. can be interpreted in two ways. have a high risk element to them.

should come as no surprise. is generally underestimated. reflects how things have changed. is difficult to explain.

why did Diana decide to make arts administration her career?

A B C D

lt was a subject she had studied. lt proved to be satisfying. She likes a competitive atmosphere. Influential colleagues recommended it.

57

Test 2

Part 4

;

You will hear Colin Beattie, the presenter of a radio arts programme, talking to Annie Watson, a critic,

m

about a new TV drama series which stars an actor called Richard Garrard. For questions 23-2g, decide whether the opinions are expressed by only one of the speakers, or whether the speakers

Ërt

I

agree.

Write or

23

24

A C B

È

for Annie, for Colin, for Both, where they agree.

Garrard plays villains particularly well.

There is little new about Garrard's latest role.

m lDll

lffi trffi

lr mril

rt ID

illl

m b

-ï

25 One point in favour of the new series is its location.

Æ

È

lbu

26

one part of the series has been successfully exploited for promotional purpose.

F l-ffi

11

p

ib 27

im

The first episode of the series was quite moving at times.

Æ

wF &il

l|l

28

58

The new series moves at too leisurely a pace.

Æ

Paper

qAPER

x

5

5

Speaking

SPEAKING (19 minutes)

-'-:'= are two examiners. One (the interlocutor)conducts the test, providing you with the necessary - :-:- als and explaining what you have to do. The other examiner (the assessor) will be introduced

:: :-. but then takes no further part in the interaction.

sart 1 (3 minutes) *-= rterlocutor first asks you and your partner a few questions which -

focus on information about

-'-:elves and personal ooinions.

z-art 2 (4 minutes) " -- s part of the test you and your partner are asked to talk together. The interlocutor praces a ';- ,f pictures on the table in front of you. There may be only one picture in the set or as many as ,; :r pictures. This stimulus provides the basis for a discussion. The interlocutor first asks an -:':Juctory question which focuses on two of the pictures (or in the case of a single picture, on 1":::cts of the picture), After about a minute, the interlocutor gives you both a decision-making task :,=ed on the same set of oictures. -re pictures for Part 2 are on pages C4-C5 of the colour section.

P'art 3 (12 minutes)

:- are each given the opportunity to talk for two minutes, to comment after your partner

has

l::(en and to take part in a more general discussion. -he interlocutor gives you a card with a question written on it and asks you to talk about it for " : minutes. After you have spoken, your partner is Tirst asked to comment and then the -.:rlocutor asks you both another question related to the topic on the card. This procedure is =:eated, so that your partner receives a card and speaks for two minutes, you are given an :::ortunity to comment and a follow-up question is asked. Finally, the interlocutor asks some further questions, which leads to a discussion on a general -:me related to the subjects already covered in Part 3. The cards for Part 3 are on pages C2 and C10 of the colour section.

59

Test 3 PAPER

1

READING (1 hour 30 minutes) Part

For questions eacn gap.

1

'l-18, read the three texts below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet'

Amateur AstronomY 30 years ago, there Many things have changed in astronomy over the past half-century. Until about and there were few was a great (1) . of charts and catalogues. Telescopic equipment was limited equipment covers books on practical astronomy. Today, the range of off{he-shelf telescopes and one could need. Electronic calculators and computers have revolutionised

almost everything the publication of almanacs and chart production, and (2) .... the analysis of observations and results.

All this must surely make this the golden (3)

'

.

of amateur astronomy' Well, perhaps' but a great

comparable to that found deal has been lost as well. Now one may have to travel 80 km to find a sky trails which in urban areas 50 years ago. The daytime skies are now (4) .... by aircraft condensation (5) for hours and often spread out to form amorphous clouds, making solar observations

can

....

impossible and (6).... night-time observation too'

1 A deficiencY 2 A facilitated 3 A period 4 A bothered 5 A proceed 6 A hamPering

B shortfall B maximised B age B plagued B pursue B smothering

G inadequacY

D shortage

C cultivated

D upheld

C time

D term

C troubled

D badgered

C

D persist

Prolong

C overcoming

D combating

Too Much Choice too many options' too many Society is becoming 'overchoiced'. There are too many things to do, or next big thing is an opportunities. In the new economy, the desire for the new product, service 60

r Paper

r : r---,

1

Reading

and technology simply accelerates the (7) .... of change: the noise, the (8) .... of new

I : = :"d services, offering more and more choice. No sooner has the new product emerged off ' '-al productionlinethanthenextoneisabouttobe(9).....Theheadspins,thebrainraces, ' " :-lie (10) .... ;the disconnection from life begins. ':

::

s the mantra of the new economy, but more choice means more stress, less time and more

*

: :rity. Hence a new trend is (1 1) .. . The search is on for 'simplexity' - the simple things that ; -:aning in an increasingly complex world, But simplifying your life is not easy in an age of

rst fits

" -

:--

.

:

-tc

excess. There are more basic brands of detergent and breakfast cereals than we can ever

: r want, more software upgrades, features and calling plans than we can keep (12) .... of.

*Anotion iAproliTeration lAinitiated I A sets in -Aaground lAtrack

. rçtg

;

Tew

,!'ulù

rn of

Bstep Bescalation Bembarked B gives in Bafoot Bsight

Cextension

Cinstituted

C

sets up

Cabreast

Ctrace

D movement D augmentation D launched D gives up D aJire D hold

!,llcAndrews Hotel

: :'y summer we spend a fortnight r rnÀ

Cpace

in McAndrews Hotel in North Mayo, lreland.

11

is a family

' : tion, (13) . .. by my grandmother, and by now it has achieved a certain sacredness. Nothing is :'ved to interfere with the ritual, We are of a kind, McAndrews clientele: old-fashioned, odd ::-îaps, some would say snobbish. I do not like the bad manners, the insolence of shop assistants -:h (1a) .... for egalitarianism in this present age; I resent chummy overtures from waiters who - : retimes appear to (15) .... themselves wilh difficulty f rom slapping one on the back. I know most :-ny fellow-guests'names - like me they have been coming here since they were children - yet

,

ons

=r (16) .... assured that when I meet any of them in any part of the hotel, I shall be spared all social -:ercourse (17) .... a civilword of greeting. Such respect {or dignity and personal privacy is (18) ....

:

- come by in commercial establishments these davs.

itl

A constructed 1A A passes A restrict 16 A stand 17 A on top of 18 A slow

B B B B B B

prompted poses repress rest

rather than rare

C heralded C claims C restrain C stay C as much as C hard

D instigated D serves D retract D keep D apart from D seldom

61

Test 3

Part2 you are going to read four extracts which are all concerned in some way with acting. For questions 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text' Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet'

The Actor's Craft of this Derision and contempt afe sprayed at actors from time to time' Much by their disdain is fuelled by the actors themselves when they're compelled interviews' film/theatre companies to talk about their craft (and themselves) in her what she They should give the dancer Pavlova's reply to the man who asked dance it'' 'I meant when she was dancing: 'If I could tell you,' she said' wouldn't or into the But instead they all too easily fall into ponderous clichés, silly truisms \X/e should all pay heed to what Paul Scofield prurient jaws of the gossip machine . work has life and said in a lerter to a fiiend of mine: 'I have found that an actor's and become interest only in its execution. It seems to wither away in discussion audibility)' emptily theoretical and insubstantial. It has no rules (except perhaps \ilith wery play and evefy playwright the actor starts from scratch, as if he or she pro...ds to learn afresh every time - growing with the knows nothing "nd the play has relationships of the .Ànr".,.r, and the insights of the writer' When which is' I finished its ,,rn, he's empty until the next time. And it's the emptiness find, apparent in any discussion of theatre work''

19

what does Pavlova's remark reveal about artists and performance?

A B C D

Many artists are inarticulate. The performance speaks for itself' Artrsts are unwilling to share the secrets of their craft' Indirect comments best describe their work'

actors are held? what justification does the writer find for the disrespect in which

A B

Actors refuse to tell the truth about what they do' to' Actors tell interviewers what their employers want them

cActorsgiveinterviewerstheSensetheyareactingundercompulsion.

D

62

Actors are unable to avoid making rnappropriate remarKs'

Paper

1

Reading

A review of Hamlet {,:ian

Lester's Hamlet is poised precariously between boyhood and manhood, and it is of thrilting simplicity and assurance. His handling of the texr and his

: -Cormance

:r-'-sical al}d psychological selÊcontrol take him, in one leap, from brilliantly promising :: :ontline piayer: an actor with the intelligent confidence.to be almost selÊeffacing. -.:ter plays an edgy, tetchy young man who feeds on a banked-down sense of anger; 4-e, rçatchful and driven, he deploys a sense of acid wit and generous

-'kes him both formidable

humour that

and lovable. Although played down, rhe virruosiry of this :rJbrmance is unmisrakable. observe Lester's body, the way his arms hang stiffly, giving ;'i:'r a sense of a figure waiting to be animated. Handy's portrayal of Horatio girr"r-yo, s;:rilar feeling of a body being moved by an inner force that he both " knows and does not cou-' So what is acting? What is behaviour? Is the former an imitation or an evocation :: rhe latter? who and what animares these bodies, morally and physically? That is the :=rrral question about the tife of the theatre.

!t

How has Adrian Lester's status been affected by playing the rote of Hamlet?

A B C D n,

He is confident enough to act simply. He continues to exhibit potential as a performer. He can now be regarded as a mature actor. He has no need to flaunt his skills.

ln his performance of this role, Lester demonstrates

A B C D

the power of anger on stage. that great performances can be subdued. the approach of a primarily comic actor. that character emerges through interaction with others.

63

(

Test 3

One directgr's qpproqch to reheorsql The first stoge of this direcTor's reheorsol process is known os 'dropping in', o procedure which goes something like this,The stoge monoger projects the script onto o screen, The octors sit quietly while someone else is speoking, finding ouT whot effect Ihe words ore hoving, When iT is iheir turn To speok, they glonce of the screen, digest the first phrose, think oboui whot it meons to them, woit to find the impulse - Ihe reoson to speok - then speok, For exomple, the line is,'Queuing oll nighT, The roin. do you remember?' Breothe. Let fhe thought drop in with your breoth, A memory, o vision, on impression. Some people will imogine o queue, moybe of o bus stop on Ihe woy To reheorsols or for o rock concert in their youth, Hoving visuolised The scene, find The impulse to speok it - whot this director colls'The polhwoy To The line'. lmpulses con come from without or within, Look in the eyes of the oTher octor listening, Consider your chorocter's situolion, This director tolks of 'dropping in'os o meons of finding ouT whoT is going on, Don'T pre-plon or pre-judge, Dore To go down There wiTh on empty mind ond Trust ThoT somelhing will hoppen to you,

23

What individual input is required of the actor in the method known as'dropping in'?

A B C D 24

to generate interaction with the other actors to out trust in the director's method

Be{ore the actors start'dropping in', the director requires them to

A B C D

64

to produce a menlal image to support the words to consider how the other actors are performing

study the whole text of the play. work out a preliminary view of their part. build up confidence about the eventual performance. abandon all preconceptions about their role.

V

Uisual materials for Paper 5

C1

TEST

1

Which is preferable for a big company?

- working for yourself or working

. risks and rewards . status . personality TEST 2

How important is it to go away on holiday?

. relaxation . learning r variety

TEST 3

How do the media help people to enioy life?

.

.

r

escapism knowledge variety

TEST 4

What abilities does a leader need?

. knowledge . social skills . strength C2

Visttal materials for Pttper 5 -":

Sr 1 PAPER 5

New website

*_t

ég

..4

4

='

:ê-. 'Êa:

=?*-ke*

t

-,:

-

promoting cycling

TV Series

- lmportance

of the past

Viswal materials

for Paper 5

C5

TEST 3 PAPER 5

C6

Calendar Promotion - Tourism

Visual materials for paper 5

C7

TEST 4 PAPER 5

CB

Book cover

- Changing

status of women

Visual materidls for Paper 5 4D

* e *

'

..--.:

a',..-:

'

s,, 3t1;=;i ': -.4'

W: *.ë#'

+....-*

C9

r

TEST

1

Prornpt card

lb

When interviewing applicants for a job, what do

employers look for?

. . .

knowledge experience image

TEST 2

Which is a better way of escaping boredom, watching television or reading books?

. time . the subject

.

imagination

TEST 3

What can affect people's enjoyment of city life?

. atmosphere . facilities . size

What is the point of learning a foreign language?

. . .

work travel cultural reasons

c10

Visual materials for paper 5

is it more important to develop, creative or skills?

rt

bne

Ëure

cl1

Paper

1

Reading

The Perfeet Theatre The perfect theatre should make you feel as if your presence has made a difference. Going to the theatre, going to any live performance, is an event and the staff need to have a sense of that, too. It's terribly alienating if you feel that it's just any old job for the people working front of house. The theatre itself needs to create a relationship between the performer

and the audience - no one in the audience should feel that they're getting an unreasonably prejudiced view of the actor. It's important that they're not too far away, they can hear, they can see, they can feel in some sense in contact with what's going on on stage. The proportions of an auditorium are important. They have to respond to the human voice and the scale of the human body. If an auditorium dwarfs the human body, there's something wrong with it because you can't deny the human form at the heart of drama. A lot of theatres in the late nineteenth century got it right because they managed to shape an auditorium that somehow embraces the stage.

I like theatres that have a sense of the past in them. Like worn stone steps in a church, you get the sense of layers of human presence. From the point of view of the plays, you can't have something for everybody. You can't second-guess an audience because they don't know what they're going to want to see. When you visit the theatre, you want something done in a way you can't imagine, otherwise you may as well have stayed at home.

What does the writer regard as being essential from theatre personnel in contact with an audience?

A B C D

an efficient approach to the job they do treating members of the audience as individuals a feeling that they too are also performers fostering a feeling of a special occasion

Why might the audience lack involvement with a play?

A B C D

They They They They

arrive with a negative viewpoint. do not have the seats they expected. are put off by the design of the theatre. fail to relate to the play being performed. 65

Test 3

Part 3 You are going to read an extract from a newspaper article. Seven paragraphs have been removed

from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (27-33). There one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

is

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

T JOarrniats Lessons Joanna MacGregor has a hectic schedule as a concert pianist. So why has she added the task of writing books for young children learning the piano?

Even a member of that mythical species, the completely tone deaf, could not fail to be stirred by a Joanna MacGregor performance. Simply to see her zipping around a keyboard grabbing fistfuls of notes at the behest of some unfeasible contemporary score is to watch a pianist pushing the human frame to its limits.

How many veterans of the concert hall platform would be floored by such a request? For Joanna MacGregor, though, it was simply a hoot.'ln his eyes, until I played that, I hadn't passed the test" I wasn't a proper pianist.' Needless to say, she sailed through and doubtless logged the experience for her next children's recital.

28

the piano. Some kids have a flair and make !'apid progress. She is fascinated by the others: those who chug along at varying rates of progress, enjoying it for a while, but all too often giving up. This falling ofhappens at any stage. Some kids find the beginning

too frustrating. Others rebel further down the

line

when the stakes get higher and parental pressure

is

driving them'to be like those children on the telly'"

The production of her own training manual begs ar

There hardly seems to be a festival this summer she is not gracing. Tomorrow she is in the thick of an allday collaboration between nine young composers and

artists. She runs her own recording label, Sound Circus. And by her own admission, she cannot meet an artist of any sort without being tempted to suggest a joint project. So why on earth take on the extra burden of writing a book? _

rl

Just as everyone should be able to learn how to swin or to speak a smattering of French, so, in her view should everybody be able to make a stab at learning

obvious question. Does she have a poor opinion of the existing corpus of tutor books, or indeed of the genera

quality

of piano teaching? 'l'm very

reluctant tc

criticise other people's teaching or others'tutor books she says. What she does do is readily accept that he'

books, colourful and eye-catching though they are

are by no means the only books on the

marke:

designed to make the first steps enjoyable. -1--'32

29

In producing the first three books, MacGregor is drawing on vivid experience. Between the ages of 18 and 25, before she was getting concert engagements as a pianist, she taught a stream of beginners the piano. But most important in her make-up now as a musician who is unsurpassed in the breadth of her eclectic repertoire was the endless procession ol small boys and girls traipsing into her childhood home, where her mother taught the Piano.

66

'You have to allow them to improvise and give them a reason to play at either end of the keyboard and on the black notes and use the pedals.'As progress is made bigger obstacles loom. Children need to be coaxec quite hard to read the music rather than rely on ear Having relied for so much of her own childhood on he' very keen ear, MacGregor has considerable sympath' on this score.

Paper

1

Reading

secret, whether you do it for twenty minutes or five hours, is to work out beforehand what it is you are enormous sympathy with people who find it I don't think people talk about it enough.'The

aiming to do, she says. Other tips: treat yourself - play the whole piece through, however many wrong notes. And mix hard with easy.

'=:Gregor

is rare among top{light concert : arists for the interest she takes in how young :- Cren learn the instrument. She has just :-:lished her own elementary piano tutor for :-

for kids. Like the rest of the audience, he had been cascaded with bits and bobs of pieces in every style from her vast repertoire of classical, jazz, ragtime, blues, techno, African, etc. He'd coolly watched her dive under the lid of the concert grand to pluck the wires - normally a surefire knockout for kids. Then as she drew breath and invited questions, he piped up: 'Can you play Match of the Day?'

Jren: Joanna MacGregor's Piano World. And

:-e has managed it :

But even her dazzling virtuosity was not enough to

wow one small boy at a recent concert she gave

despite

a

crippling work

:'equte.

I -: she believes the single most important factor . :ractice. How can children be persuaded to play

: :assage even once again, let alone many times -,er? She admits to not having practised -

And so the odyssey begins. lt's a long journey but the f irst task for the young enthusiasts is easy, find the Cs - they're always to the left of the two black keys. In Book 2, the characters fall inside the piano and open up opportunities for making a whole lot of weird noises. Something parents, unlike MacGregor and the youngsters, may find a strain on the eardrums.

;orously until she went to the Royal Academy of

.'..;sic, where

she began building up

a formidable

:, rtemporary repertoire whose : -iculties demanded oractice. Now she loves

it.

--e eight hours a day that she geis through are '-3 core of her musical life, she says, more - Jortant than oerformances. '.ot onlywas lfiddling around atthe keyboard, but

'-?re were all these other children of

all

G

-er own special wheeze for

luring these

-eophytes, the fives, sixes and sevens, through :-ose bewildering times is to weave a storyline into :^e books and their accompanying CDs. The :rallenge at this fragile stage is to make the work "teresting. And so, from lesson one, there are =ccompaniments in a variety of styles for teacher ir parent - to play beneath a child's line. For kids ,,, hose parents aren't pianists the accompaniments

:re

'l worry that some people use music, like sport, as

a way of making their children achieve things, rather than just saying: it's music, it's there to

:-ckgrounds wanting to play every sort of music : :s of classical, jazz, pop, improvisation. I wasn't :art of that hothouse thing of forcing exceptional :e ent. I grew up with the idea of trying to make -rsic available to people of all abilities.'

enjoy. The reason children fall by the wayside is because they feel they are not going to match up

to their parents' expectations.' H

'People who know me are clearly surprised. But I think the very first lessons are absolutely crucial. It says a lot about the music profession that we tend to concentrate on the top end. on this idea of the child as nascent virtuoso. Most people's interest in music is much more ordinary and everyday. I find that far more interesting.'

recorded on the CDs. Learning should be

,nadulterated fun, MacGregor insists.

67

Test 3

Part 4 you are going to read an extract from a novel. For questions 34-40, choose the answer (A, B, or D) which you think fits best according to the text'

C

Mark vour answers on the separate answer sheet.

We ore Tolking Big Boots here. Reolly BIGTIME BooÏs. Arizono deserl sond. Money no obiect. I stood in my 8gg-dollor.eoch designer-lobel cowboy boots on the rocks of on old formolion in the

wore the whole truly cowboy outfit ond

if

you hod the outfit you might be o cowboy. BuT I wos noT.

I

lT wosn't working. I squinted into the

morning sun looking out ot the Arizono mounToins ond I hod lo odmiT, I wos not of home on the ronge. sky. The feeling didn't Flying in from Denver lust ofter down, I hod the feeling rhot I iust might poss for on ol' cowhond coming in from The lost posf the

fint reol cowboy in ihe luggoge holl of Phoenix oirport. He wos weoring

o sweol'$oined T*hirt, needed o shave, and wos hoi$ing

roised one eyebrow ond moved off o dirTy convos bog off the cgnveyer belt when he cought sight of my brond new cowboy boots. He slowly

out of the door wiThouf looking bock. put on wiÏhoui feeling like he is from onoTher There ought to be, somewhere, honging in o closet, o suit of clothes on ex-rocing driver con plonet. Something he could weor so thot wherever he goes he doesn't get the feeling thot everybody is folking onother longuoge ond doing

con. I om oddicted to it ond it is ol whotever they do at holf speed. I liked, no, not liked... I flotout /orledbeing o rocing driver, driving rocing The meon, ru$toloured rock of the I know how to do. BuT I don't do it ony more. I couldn't if I wonTed to. Oue$ion is, I thought, looking into

mountoins in the disTonce, whot do I do now? I did, but when I reoched fo' A rocing driver should hove one or two folfbock identities lined up for when he climbs out of his cor. I Thought

them they iust disoppeored. How obouf: on ex-rccing driver odds colour to

The commentory direct

from the trockside? 'We got fifleen guys,

c

commentotors. We'll coll you of them former lndy ond Formulo One driven, fifteen guys in front of you, Forrest, $onding in line to be colour

with phone calls, lunches Well then, how obout: on ex-rocing driver ioins o portnenhip to sellclosic con? Thot losted neorly ollwinter list. So in the enc lowyen ond mee1ngs with bonkers. But iTwos fte yeor nobody wos buying old Ferroris ond Hondo wos'reviewing'irs dealer

'ex' onything is depressing work. I meon you Tell me; how bodl. I grocefully withdrew before There wos nothing to withdrow from. Being on do you wont

To

'olmo$'. And even if I hod bee' heor obout how I wos olmo$ the World ihompion? Nobody wonts lo heor o $ory fioT ends in

wo1d chompion you could probobly ju$ obout stond to li$en to

fie story for five minuÏes

before your eon turned to cement. Lo$ yeor's chompio-

wos lo$ yeor. Not Thot I won1 sympothy. Which is iu$ os well, since I don'T get ony. Well, why should

l? I hod o good run, mode money ond hung on tl

mochine with seven hundred horsepowe. enough. But oh, mon, I miss the heot of slipping inio thot groceful, elegont, shrink'wropped super-tech on eyelosh of killing myself every r0(Ê behind my neck. lero fo o hundred ond fifty miles on hour in 4.9 seconds. And yes, I miss coming within Being fomous, even in o minor woy, isn'' or so. I miss the bright ond gorgeous people ond the reporters who octed os if whot I soid monered.

to geÏ my outogroph. And oll bod. Businessmen ond politicions bragged to fieir friends thot ihey knew me. Little boys slid under fences I hove lime in thot I don't drive o rocing cor... 0nly lo$ week the phone rong twice. I hove time In the morning ond

iu$ check, but I think tomorrow

no',',

The ofternoon. And leT

m.

is free. So much empty time.

buzzords. But o couple of little brown bird, I looked up inTo the sofT blue morning sky. No buzzords overheod. Moybe Arizono doesn't hove

'get owoy from our ne$ before we sing our heorts ouT'' in o soguoro cocfus ju$ in front of me r,vere giving me odvice; something like never occurred to me thoT the desert hod songbirds. lt did occur to me

68

ThoT

o bogus cowboy in designer boots hod o loT To leorn.

lT hcr

Paper

1

Readins

-row did the cowboy at Phoenix airport react to the narrator's appearance?

A B C D

He was shocked. He was unimpressed. He was angered. He was disturbed.

According to the narrator, ex-racing drivers in the company of others feel a sense of

A B C D

s

superiority. pride.

alienation. failure.

The narrator did not get the first new job he tried for because

A B C D

he was not so well qualified as others. his contacts had misinformed him. he applied at short notice. his experience was not unique.

Why did the narrator give up selling cars?

A B C D }E

when the narrator was a racing driver, he

A B C D 1q

He could see the future of the operation was bleak. He did not enjoy the constant entertaining involved. He felt unequal to the demands of the job. He did not feel comfortable as a salesman.

enjoyed having his opinions respected. was embarrassed by the attention he received. used his position to make influentialcontacts. had occasional fears for his personal safety.

what impression does the narrator try to create by using the phrase ,And let me iust check'

the penultimate paragraph?

A B C D 40

in

that he regrets finishing as a racing driver that he is not open to new opportunities that he has a busy schedule that he is not enjoying tife

As he looked at the birds on the cactus, the narraror

A B C D

came to terms with his new life. realised the extent of his ignorance. felt apprehensive about making a new start. decided this was not the place for him. 69

Test 3

PAPER

2

WRITING (2 hours) rilUii

Part

1

You must answer this question. Write your answer in 300-350 words in an appropriate style.

l I

1 You see the announcement

below on your college notice board and decide to submit a proposal.

The college will be putting on an exhibition entitled Great Achieuers. The exhibition will include famous people from all over the world who have made contributions to public life in, for example, the arts, the sciences, entertainment or sport. Please submit a proposal suggesting a person whose achievements you think should be considered for the exhibition. Say

o who you have chosen and why

.

what aspects of his/her life should be included

.

how the exhibition could best reflect his/her achievements.

Write your proposal.

70

Paper

2

.Writing

Part 2

-: an answer to one ,lit:,r: ':: aiate Stvle. Ll'

of the questions

2-5 in this part. Write your answer in 300-350 words in an

-

internalional magazine for young people is running a series of articles on wedding : :brations in different parts of the world.You decide to write an article for the magazine in which : - describe a typical wedding in your country, and explain what makes such weddings so special

-:

memorable.

,'te

vour article.

' :ne film magazine Take one, there is a section where readers are invited to send in reviews of :ry popular films.You wish to contribute by writing about a film you have seen which you think still be watched for many years to come, explaining why the film will continue to be succàssful.

,','rte your review.

'r 'lJ have recently read an article in your local newspaper

about the fact that many people do not

-se the town library. Write a letter to the newspaper suggesting ways of attracting more peopte

:: the library. In the letter you should give possible reasons why people do not use the library. you -'ould include suggestions for improving existing facilities and providing new services. ,','rrte your

i

letter. Do not write any postal addresses.

3ased on your reading of one of these books, write on one of the followino:

ia)

Brian Moore: The Cotour of Btood Your student magazine is running a feature on political thrillers and has asked readers to send in reviews of books of this type which capture the interest of the reader. you decide to send in a review of The Colour of Btoodlocusing on two episodes in the book, stating why

these two are particularly successful in building suspense and maintaining the reader,s lnterest.

Write your review.

(b)

L.P. Hartley: The Go-Between 'Rather than bringing the people of the village together, the cricket match was a reminder that the society of Leo's childhood was still clearly divided by social class.,Write an essav for your tutor considering how far you think this statement is rrue.

Write your essay.

(c)

Chinua Achebe: Things Fail Apart Your local reading group wants to study some books set in west Africa. write a report for the reading group suggesting Ihlngs Fatt Apart.Your report should focus on the way the lives of the people in Umuofia are governed by the beliefs and customs of their clan. Write your report. 71

Test 3

USE OF ENGLISH (1 hour 30 minutes)

PAPER 3

Part

1

For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example al the beginning (0).

Write your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Examp'e:

tr

MEEtrtrrlrrrrllrrrrrJ Food for a Future

Jon Wynne-Tyson was an original thinker (O).Wl.l.q.?E. best-known book'Food for a Future'was published in 1975. In this classic work, a case was (1)............ forward for (2)............ can only be

described as a more responsible and humane attitude towards the world's food resources. ll had gradually (3)............ clear to Wynne-Tyson that the economics and ecology of meat production did not

(4)............ sense. What justification was (5)............ , he argued, for using seven tonnes of

cereal to produce one tonne of meat?

(6)............ his approach is basically an emotional one, Wynne-Tyson goes to great lengths lo back (7)............ every statement with considerable supporting evidence and statistical data. Thus, even (8)............ of us Even today, the book's succinct style makes it compulsively readable

who are widely read (9)............ the subject of vegetarianism will gain f resh insights f rom this book

It is generally agreed that his mosl skilTul achievement is the slow revelation of his main thesis (10)............ the arguments unfold. The book concludes that a move away from an animal-baseo diet to (11)............ which is based on plant sources is inevitable in the long term, in (12)............

of the fact that there is no sound nutritional, medical or social justification for meat-eating (13)............ of whether you agree with (1a)............ a conclusion or not, the book certainly makes (1

5)............ lascinating read.

72

Paper

3

use of English

Part2 ::'questions 16-25, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the -es to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

!,-:e your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

ITAMPIE:

tr

trtrtrtrNtrNtrtrTTTTT[[TTT The Desire to Know

l -- osity goes back to the dawn of human (0)..F.XI?,T.F.NÇ8. . ffris irrepressibte EXIST rcs re to know is not a (16)... of inanimate objects. Nor does it seem to CHARACTER :e :tlributable to some forms of living organism which, for that very reason, we

x- scarcely bring ourselves to consider alive. A tree, for example, does not r:; ay (17)............ curiosity, nor does a sponge or even an oyster. lf chance

RECOGNISE

s,iElts bring them poison, predators or parasites, they die as (18)............ as CEREMONIOUS

te.

lived.

:.*y' in the scheme of life, (19)............ motion was developed by some

DEPEND

:,::nisms. lt meant an (20)............ advance in their control of the environmenl. ORDINARY r *cving organism no longer waited in stolid (21)............ for food to come its RIGID u,e, but went oul after it. The individual that hesitated in the

r' 'ood, or that was overly (23)............

(22)............ search ZEAL

in its investigation, starved.

CONSERVE

-E crganisms grew more complex, more messages of greater variety were 'a:eived from and about the (24)............ environment. At the same time, the

ROUND

-Ê-,,oLrs system,

the living inslrument that interprets and stores the data :r: ected by the sense organs, became (25)............ complex. INCREASE

73

r Test 3

Part 3 For questions 26-31, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. Here is an example (0).

Example:

0

Some of the tourists are hoping to get compensation for the poor state of the hotel, and I think they have a very ......... case. There's no point in trying to wade across the river, the current is far too

ii

ï:::::i:::

T:Tffl;i^'J,"-:ididates

shourd set the job' r'm afraid I don't have anv

tr trtrtrENtr[TITTINTTITTI Write only the missing word in CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

26

When he was in his nineties, the famous writer's health began to lf the potato crop were to people. Please do

27

ln the

........

not

, it would create many problems for the local

...... to check the safety precautions for this device.

..

....... term, this new proposal could mean a property tax with substantial

rebates for the ooor. Running up the stairs left her

The kids made

28

Sven was the

.

star

...

.. of breath. ... work of the cakes and ice-cream at the party.

...... in the school revue with his impersonations of all the

teachers. It'll be

mv

.... to cook a meal for us both next weekend.

Don't drive too fast as you approach the embankment.

74

next

..... because there's a sharp

Paper

lg

When you take into did well to come second.

3

Use of Englisb

the difficulties they faced, you must admit the ream

After he had visited the theme park, Trevor gave us a attractions.

detailed

...... of the

Clara asked the shop assistant to charge the jacket to her

30

| thought I had a good solution to the problem, but my plan director, who said it would be too expensive.

In many parts of the country, black clouds whole towns were cast into semi-darkness.

was

completely

Enrico had to take a different route home because the main road a lorry which had overturned.

31

by the

out the sun, ano

was

.........

Dy

when I hesitated over the price, the saresman came up with a special There is a

great

of rubbish at the bottom of the garoen.

The two sides tried and failed to come to a

75

Test 3

Part 4 For questions 32-39, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the firsr sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).

Example:

0

Do you mind if I watch you while you paint?

objection Do

You

. you while you paint?

Write only the missing words on the separate answer sheet.

32

selena really has no idea of the difficulty of finding a parking place. how Little

33

does

... find a parking ptace.

The first candidate impressed the interviewers immediatelv.

made The first candidate

34

the interviewers.

| felt relaxed at Gita's house because her parents greeted me so warmry.

ease Gita's parents

76

.....

...... the warmth of their greeting.

Paper

l5

3

Use of English

The area was completely devoid of vegetation.

whatsoever There

s

the area.

No matter what happens, we wit never do business with that firm again.

ever Under

ï7

with that firm again.

John concluded that he should take the iob.

came John

38

he should take the job.

Oskar didn't feel like going out last night.

mood Oskar

39

... tast night.

The news that the prime Minister had resigned came as a great shocK to evervone.

aback Everyone

. Prime Minister's resignation.

77

Test ,)

Part 5 For questions 4O-44, read the following lexts on motoring. For questions 40-43, answer with a word or short phrase. You do not need to write complete sentences. For question 44, write a summary

according to the instructions given. Write your answers to questions 40-44 on the separate answer sheet.

How noisy do you like a car to be? For me, the quieter the better, but evidently not everyone feels as I do. Recent research in the US and Europe has shown that 80% of motorists like to hear some noises - especially from the engine - as they drive. Approximalely 60% welcomed the blinking of indicators which provide audible as well as visible confirmation that these are working. Other noise sources - among them the horn and the sound of braking - were rated relatively unimportant, as indeed was tyre rumble, which I for one find very surprising. Cars have become so quiet mechanically, and far less prone to create wind noise, that the boom and roar made by tyres running on coarsely-textured road surfaces is now firmly at the top of my list of motoring dislikes. In the aforementioned research, participants were asked to listen to sound samples obtained from a variety of engines running under different conditions. The researchers wanted to know which engine-produced sounds pleased drivers most. The results clearly showed that scientifically measured and subjectively perceived sound qualities are not the same thing. The difficulty facing car designers must be in deciding just how such customer tastes vary according to the kinds of cars they have in mind. The buyer of a top-of-the-range sports car would, they conclude, feel cheated if the powerful engine did not sing like an operatic tenor at moderate speeds, and bellow like a wild animal when the needle neared the red line. Such noises might, I suppose, be anathema to the driver of a luxury saloon car, however.

rine

rine

8

16

40

In your own words, explain why the writer is annoyed by what he calls'tyre rumble'. (line B)

41

Explain why'scientifically measured and subjectively perceived sound qualities are not the same thing'. (line 16)

7B

Paper

3

Use of Englisb

A recent poll set out to discover the top ten driving tunes favoured by motorists. The winner was Bohemian Rhapsody by the rock band Queen, which heads a list of similarly rousing numbers from the era of heavy rock music. Such ear-punching anthems have psychologists shaking their heads - not in time to the beat, but in dismay. For this sort of music, they warn, can cause aggressive driving. Armies used to play martial drum beats to stir their troops into battle, and the effect works in traffic too. lf you hear pounding music that makes you want to drive forward when all you can see is the back bumper of the car in front, it's quite likely to raise both your blood pressure and your

line 7

frustration levels. On the open road, fast music is going to make you want to drive faster. It's also going to make you more aggressive, and that's probably going to mean that you're tempted to take more risks. These arguments are

supported by earlier research which examined the performance of young people aged between 17 and 25. The report concluded that unsafe drivers in this age group are more likely to go for up-tempo music with a heavy bass. But that wasn't all. There was also evidence that loud music played in a confined space, such as a car, could have the effect of blanking out that part of the brain that performs logical reasoning.

Which word from the text best sums up the scientists'attitude towards the results of the recent poll?

Which word, used earlier in this text, anticipates the idea which is introduced bv the verb'to

stir'in line 7?

In a paragraph of 50-70 words, summarise in your own words as far as possible the various ways in which, according to the research described in both texts, different types of sound affect drivers. Write your summary on the separate answer sheet.

79

Test 3

PAPER 4

LISTENING (40 minutes approximatety) Part

1

You will hear four different extracts. For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits besl according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.

You hear a radio presenter introducing an item on transport.

1 What does the consultation

A B C 2

document deal with?

increased regulation of air traffic control difficulties facing the aviation industry economies to be made in airport managemenr

Æ

What is the transport minister's aim when she speaks?

A B C

to predict areas of potential national investment to discourage the public from flying so much in future to reduce people's expectations of government action

ffi

In a radio play, you hear a woman talking about birthdays.

3

How did she react when her husband forgot her birthday?

A B C 4

How does her birthday make her feel these days?

A B C

80

She realised that it was of no consequence. She became rather depressed. She felt slightly disappointed.

sentimental optimistic regretful

re ffi

Paper

'r':;r-

A ts C

man differs from the woman in hrs opinion of the contents of a particular museum. the educational value of museums. the way museum exhibitions are designeo.

-he woman supports her argument by

A B C

drawing on personalexperience. supplying a series of examples. relying on research evidence.

':u hear a reviewer tarking about 7 which aspect

A B C I

Listening

-s31'a radio discussion about science and technology museums.

5 --e

i

4

re ffi

a historicar nover which she has read recently.

of the book does she singre out for crticism?

the accuracy of the historical background the styte in which it is written the writer's attempts at comedy

What overall impression of the book does she express?

A B C

lt's an insult to her intelligence. lt shouldn't be taken too seriously. lt must have been written as a ioke.

81

Test 3

Part2 You will hear part of a radio talk about a small mammalcalled the brown hare. For questions 9-17, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

The brown hare has often provided both with ideas for their worx. A fall in the number of hares in Britain is a cause of concern for !i:t

During the day, hares are often found in areas wnere give protection.

The behaviour known as'pursuit deterrence'is said to save the :qE;

of hares and foxes alike.

In Britain, hares are easiest to see in the month of

partly because the days become longer. Researchers were surprised to find that hares did not seem better off as a result of developments in

*in

The population distribution of hares across Britain is described as

5 An organisation called the

has set up projects aimed at helping hares"

What's referred to as a

has been produced to try to reverse the fall in hare numbers in Britain

82

Paper

4

Listening

Part 3 '':'-

-: --

'0

,vill hear an interview with a British film director, Ann Howard, who has recently made a film in ,nvood. For questions 18-22, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which f its best according to what tudt.

Why did Ann go to work in Hollywood?

A B C D '3

What does she see as the main problem with the film she made in Hollywood?

A B C D ,rt''l]

She liked the studio system. She needed to work independently. Her aim was to make a film about Hollvwood. Her films were successful.

lt was set in America. lt was not meant to be a comedy. lt was rewritten in parts. lt used American actors.

On balance, she found the experience of directing the film

A B C D

depressing. confusing. rewarding. fascinating.

What is her main criticism of the preview system?

A B C D

The audience is made up of film critics. The films are not previewed in enough places. The audiences go with the wrong attitude. The questions asked are not appropriate.

a. She feels that film previews are useful

A B C D

as a marketing tool. if the director uses the information. when the audience pays to see them. before films are shown on television.

83

Test 3

Part 4 I

You will hear part of a radio discussion in which two friends, Frieda and Martin, are being interviewed

about tidiness. For queètions 23-28, decide whether the opinions are expressed by oÀy one of the speakers, or whether the speakers agree.

Write

F

M B

for Frieda, for Martin, for Both, where they agree.

23

Tidiness was instilled in me as a child.

@

24

The decision to keep things isn,t based on their usefulness.

K

25

Parents'attitudes to tidiness influence their children's character.

@

26

Everyone has a different idea of what tidiness is.

K

27

Tidying doesn't get in the way of work.

28

A person's appearance is not a reliable indicator of their tidiness.

B4

@ @

Paper

BAPER Cii:,

--e'e

5

5

Speaking

SPEAKING (19 minutes)

are two examiners. One (the interlocutor) conducts the test, providing you with the necessary

*::erials and explaining what you have to do. The other examiner (the assessor) will be introduced : _,cu, but then takes no further part in the interaction.

rhrt 1 (3 minutes) --: interlocutor first asks you and your partner a few questions which focus on information

about

:-rselves and personal opinions.

, .>1

Part2 (4 minutes) . :his part ol the test you and your partner are asked to talk together. The interlocutor places a

24

:e: of pictures on the table in front of you. There may be only one picture in the set or as many as ie ,,en pictures. This stimulus provides the basis for a discussion. The interlocutor first asks an -:'oductory question which focuses on two of the pictures (or in the case of a single picture, on :scects of the picïure). After about a minute, the interlocutor gives you both a decision-making task :,ased on the same set of pictures. The pictures for Part 2 are on pages C6-C7 of the colour section.

Part 3 (12 minutes)

'lu

26

.ra

æ

are each given the opportunity to talk for two minutes, to comment after your partner has =:oken and to take part in a more general discussion. The interlocutor gives you a card with a question written on it and asks you to talk about it for -,,,o minutes. After you have spoken, your partner is first asked to comment and then the -terlocutor asks you both anolher question related to the topic on the card. This procedure is ':peated, so that your partner receives a card and speaks for two minutes, you are given an :oportunity to comment and a follow-up question is asked. Finally, the interlocutor asks some further questions, which leads to a discussion on a general :.eme related to the subjects already covered in Part 3. The cards for Part 3 are on pages C2 and C10 of the colour section.

B5

Test 4 PAPER

1

READING (1 hour 30 minutes) Part

1

For questions 1-18, read the three texts below and decide which answer (A, B, G or D) best fits each gap. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Photography When a photographer takes a photograph, he or she makes a selection of visual information that is (1) by his or hertechnical and aesthetic skills, personalviews and experience, togetherwith a

(2) .... of social and cultural norms. And in the (3) .. .. of this book we shall see how these factors no: only affect the style, content and expression of a photograph, but also how those images are perceived and responded to by the viewer. For example, we might consider that the (4) ....reader of a newspaper will have an implicit understanding of the photographic images reproduced on the page. But rather than accepting the photograph at face (5) ...., we might question whether i:

accurately recorded the scene as it would have looked at the time. Or, in contrast, does i: communicate the photographer's point of view? ls it the (6) .... instant recorded that is of particular importance, or should the photograph on the page be understood as a symbolto represent a state of affairs in the world?

1 A concluded 2 A group 3 A course 4 A shallow 5 A regard 6 A accurate

B imposed

C determined

D directed

B SEI

C band

D batch

B progress

C means

D process

B casual

C slight

D random

B esleem

C respect

D value

B definite

C precise

D absolute

More than a game Sport for me has always been more than just a game. The most successful people in sport have total self-belief. You need tunnel (7) . . if you want to succeed in sport. There's only one route tc

86

Paper

:e ^g the best and you have to put everything else to one (8) : ;cing to do it for you. lt's sink or (9) .... .

i:,:rt

..

.

1

Reading

Sport is ruthless and no one etse

has taught me personal discipline and determination, but it can also teach you the benefits of

ru,':"(ing as one of a team. My sport allows and encourages you

to (10) .... individually, yet it is a

::.t.t game and you have to balance these two aspects. lt's very much like life - you can succeed

r.

an individual, but you must never forget there are others around you.

i:

crt has given me a great deal

-

and not just f inancially. lt has opened

1)

for me and opened -., eyes, and l've seen things around the world that others will never see. But you also have to give -: a lot for those (12) . .. .

TAsight Bview EAmargin Bside 9Aswim Bfloat '0Aoutdo Bsurpass '1 A gates B doors '2Asupplements Btips

C vision C part C sail C outshine C windows C perks

(1

D outlook

D edge D drift D excel D barriers D complements

Tuning in 3:me experiences

(13)

.. themselves so sharply on our memory that they form islands of clarity

- cur recollection. For me, such a momentous (14) .... took place one night in California many years ::o. when I lay awake listening to the rapturous strains of a mockingbird singing from an invisible

5) in one of the tall trees that were (16) ... around the suburban neighbourhood. I don't suffer *:n insomnia - it was the exquisite artistry of the singer that kept me awake. As I followed his 1

.

-:'icately woven melodies, lfound myself (17) .... into an unexpected aesthetic environment.

In

:'ler to follow the patterns that issued f rom the bird, I had to call on my experien ce of jazz and Indian ::ssical music. The bird had me (18) .... that I was being treated to an ad lib performance of the

-:st breathtaking

improvisational acrobatics. lgroaned and lcheered as one improbable musical :'iation followed another through the open window where I lay listening, until finally I fell asleep.

t3 A etch 1{ A proceeding 15 A venue 16 A spotted 17 A engaged 18 A prevailed

B scratch B circumstance B location B dabbed B captivated B proved

C C C C C C

trace

D cut

developmenl

D occasion

situation

D area

dotted

D flecked

pushed

D drawn

convinced

D confirmed B7

Test 4

Part2 You are going to read four extracts which are all concerned in some way with holidays and travel

Forquestions 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you thinkfits best according to the text.

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Holidoy reoding Summer promises us two of life's great joys: escaping home and reading books joyt that are, of course, intimately connected. Books may help us to feel more at home in the

world at large. We can relate our experiences to those described in great books written long ago or in distant lands because there are fewer human types than there are people. In the books of others, we find our own thoughts, embarrassments and dramas. Authors can locate words to depict a situation we thought ourselves alone in feeling, or can express

our very own thoughts, but with a clarity and psychological accuracy we could not match. What was shy and confused within us is unapologetically and cogently phrased in them,

all the more strikjng if the work was written by someone in a far-flung place or in another age. We feel grateful to these strangers for reminding us of who we are. a congruence

Through reading and travel, we escape the deadening effect of habit. Our eyes are never more open than during our first few days in a new place: except perhaps during our reading of a great book, which guides us to the interest of things we had previously ignored. Our mind is like a radar newly attuned to pick up certain objects floating through consciousness. Our attention is drawn to the shades of the sky, to the changeability of a face, to the hypocrisy of a friend, or to a submerged sadness about a situation that we had previously not even known we could feel sad about.

19

What does the author find especially remarkable about great books?

A B C D 20

their emotion and sentimentality their subtlety and complexity

What beneficial effect do holidays and books share?

A B C D 88

their uniqueness and creativity their timelessness and universality

They They They They

heighten people's sensitivity. transport us into a new world. restore balance to people's lives. make people more positive in their outlook.

Paper

1

Reading

Author's Note travel reflections were all published as articles in the Obseruer newspaper over a seven-year period. Here and there I have restored some small cuts by the editor, which had to be made if the piece was to fit the page, but otherwise I have added very little. The occasional outright howler has been corrected,, but only if it was a matter of detail which I should have got right in the first place. Hindsight would have allowed further improvements, but there would have been no end to the process. In the second article about China, for example, it seemed likely at the time,, and for some time after, that the Hong Kong dollar would hold up. A year hese

later it fell. If I were to rewrite the piece so as to predict this fact, it would become a claim to prescience, or at any rate no longer a report written at that moment. But like any other flying visitor, in South East Asia or anywhere else, I was there at that moment, ignorant as to what would happen next, and fully occupied with making the most elementary sense of what had happened already. That has been the real story of mass jet travel: the world opening up to people who have no qualifications for exploring it except the price of a ticket. But I have never been able to believe that all my fellow

travellers were quite blind. Even a postcard can be written with a purpose.

In making his articles suitable for publication in a book, the writer has

A B C D

incorporated some comments from his editor. shortened some pieces for design reasons. combined some shorter extracts. changed some factual mistakes.

Why did the writer decide against further improvements to the articles?

A B C D

He fears any changes might be inaccurate. He wanted to retain his original feeling of discovery. Changes would have been too difficult to make. The differences in stvle would have been too obvious.

89

Test 4

Ecotorrrism lf there were awards for tourism phrases that have been hijacked, diluted and misused, then 'ecotourism' would earn top prize. The term first surfaced in the early 1980s, reflecting a surge in environmental awareness and a realisation by tour oPerators that many travellers wanted to believe their presence abroad tine4 would not have a negative impact. lt rapidly became the hottest marketing tag a tine5 holiday could carry. These days the ecotourism label has broadened out to cover anything from a two-weel< tour living with remote tribes, to a one-hour motor boat trip through an Australian gorge. ln fact, any tour that involves cultural interaction, natural beauty spots, wildlife or a dash of soft adventure is likely to be included in the tine10 overflowing ecotourism folder. There is no doubt the original motives behind the movement were honourable attempts to provide away for those who cared to tine 12 make informed choices, but the lack of regulations and a standard industry definition left many travellers lost in an ecotourism jungle.

23

Which words imply support of certain holidaymakers?

A B C D 24

In the extract as a whole, what point is the writer making about the term'ecotourism'?

A B C D

90

wanted to believe their presence abroad (line 4) became the hottest marketing tag (line 5) included in the overflowing ecotourism folder (lines 10-1 1) cared to make informed choices (lines 12-13)

lt is becoming less acceptable. The initial intentions were misguided. There is a lot of uncertainty about what it means. A more precise term was originally rejected.

Paper

1

Reading

Transylvanian |ourney The notebook covering the Transylvanian leg of my journey was lost for 50 years, and only restored a few years ago by a great stroke of luck. It has been a great help

it to print, but not the unfailing prop it should have been. For in Transylvania I found myself having a much easier to me in reconstructing that period and committing

than I had planned, drifting from one hospitable country house to another, often staying for weeks. When I came to a standstill during those long halts, writing stopped too; as I was keeping a journal of travel, I wrongly thought there was nothing to record. I was often slow to take it up again when I moved on and, even then, jotted notes sometimes took the place of sustained narrative. Fearing some details might have got out of sequence when I started writing the present book, I sunounded these passages with a cloud of provisos and hedged time of

it

bets. Then the thought that these pages were not a guidebook persuaded me that

it

didn't matter very much, so I let the story tell itself free of debilitating caveats.

.ô Which of the following statements about the writer's notebook is true?

A B C D 26

lt was not a completely reliable account of his journey. lt was published 50 years after the journey took place. Much of the information in it was not relevant. The handwriting proved difficult to read.

ln the second paragraph, what course of action did the writer take?

A B C D

He worked on reordering some of the facts in the notebook. He stated in the book that some of the facts might not be correct. He abandoned his attemot to revise the text of the book.

He put in anecdotes to enhance the narrative of the book.

91

Test 4

Part 3 You are going to read an extract from a short story. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (27-33). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Farnily Business 'Look here, it's no good!'said my Dad. We were in the

car on the way back to London. My father, with my brother Maurice in tow, had just collected me and my trunk from the posh girls' school I attended. He had also just sat through Parents' Day, in the course of which I was presented with the Latin prize and the prize for the girl who had done best in her end-ofschool exams. He had had a long conversation with my headteacher, and now here we were bound for home and holidays.

27 'So?'

I

said, brazening it out. 'Mightn't that

It

was not as if my mother was around to lend a han:

- she had died early in my childhood and my father ha: brought me and Maurice up. It/laurice was two year: younger than I was, and because he was motherless early in our lives I got into the habit of taking care chim. lt was not a hardship. I loved Maurice. Because th: business was so successful we lived in a good deal :' luxury - in a big house in London, posh schools for bo:of us, nice clothes, parties, theatres, operas. My fatht knew all kinds of people - politicians, actor. businessmen - and our house buzzed with good ta ' and interesting encounters.

be

usef ul?'

'l am also given to understand,'he went on, and then I knew the confrontation was coming, 'that you have ambitions to be a barrister. A barrister of all things!'My father knew quite a lot about barristers and the law. 28

'OK,' I said, relieved to be spared immedia:choices and decisions, and especially the bout : depression and sulks my father would sink into ' opposed him. This was the way he controlled us. Sc

happened. In my last term at school, and then :vacations from university, I lent a hand, never rnc': than about twice a year, and always on the sa'=

assignments. 'l don't know about that,' I said.'All I know is what see in television dramas.'

I

'Be that as it may,' he went on, pulling himself together, 'l feel your heart's never going to be in the business now. Obviously, you'll go to Oxford University, and after that I can't see you fancying it.'

29

1

'lt's too soon to know,'l said feebly. 'l tell you you're not going to want to join us,'said my father, who had an annoying way of usually being right in such prophecies, 'and it's a pity because you've got the gifts - the brains, the nerves, the vision.'

92

I

became one

of the smaf ::

undergraduates, with a little house of my own, a sn': but powerful white car, designer clothes, and a bla:" dress with a Paris label that I intended to wear whetook my final exams.

This was not to be. My father told me that, in ab: a week, he needed me to do one last assignmeni ': him, that it was the most important piece of busine.: the family firm had ever attempted, and that he wc - : see that it was more than worth my while.

'But Dad,'

I protested,

'l've got my final exa*:

coming up, and I just need to concentrate on that - : really important that I do well and I don't want to h. : to think about anything else just nowl

Paper

,i :.

i.

--:: was not all. As he described the orocedures tili ri rore clearly than ever before the single'rr -::Cness of my father the clarity and I

:-

t

I

bowed to that in him. lt made my own plans and hopes seem less imoortant. 'All right,' I said.'l'll do it.'

ltl

*iliù

I

j a chat. There were only a few weeks to go. My

get a First Class degree (in I knew if I kept my head and spent and that -:,',,),

|l

rnil

::

I could tell that such pressures were simply beyond my father's imagination (or was it that he was somehow jealous of my life away from him?) and that he would interpret a refusal from me as a heartless betrayal in his hour of need.

sed, confident, concentrated.

--e

trouble was that, like most children of

-:'editary trades, I did feel confined by the family

:'3ectations.

I

could see there were various

:',-fessions open to me, and I wanted to explore

I

business.'Anyway,' I went on, 'you could always use me as a sort of consultant.'

--:lr predicted I would

-'3rmation in my mind, he might well be right. I felt

i. l'l

ii:ii

1l

ill,iùiilill

ùt

*: possibilities. At the same time, like a coward, : :r't want to upset my father. I wasn't as --;htened of him as Maurice was | was the -:, curite but I found him formidable. I

"',

li

rat isn't?'l said, though I had guessed the trend

:' ris thoughts from my father's unusual

-:

silence.

was a talkative man as a rule.'You can't fool You'll do what you want now,' he said. 'What :r all those certificates. I was told you will get a ,.: - olarshio to Oxford.'

-:.

iil,,

r alÏtillit,'r,

I said, sullen. My father We both knew Maurice hated the

'There's still Maurice,'

snorted.

*:se last precious days carefully arranging

lq ilf"*:

Reading

resourcefulness with which he set about his life's work, the dynamic energy, the perfect self-control of the man. In his way he was a sort of genius, and

: ,','as in my last term that my father came up to ::? me and drove me out to a village for a meal "t "'rx

1

G

'l just said that,' I said.'l couldn't think of anything else to say!' 'And apparently,'he went on,'you have the right sort of personality - you can pick the bones out of a mass of material pretty quickly, you have the gift of the gab and you enjoy performing.'

'l tell you what,' my father

continued our

conversation. 'You can go on helping us out in holidays until you leave Oxford, and then if you decide to leave us you can. lt will give you a bit of pocket money, and be a real help to me.'

:itMllllNrr

ruilnNlfl' l$lltmiiillil

,,,as

*:rr

studying hard one day when a letter arrived

Maurice. He mentioned that a friend had

him to join him in setting up a business, that ,'/as really attracted to the idea, but that Father as against iI. He wrole that Father was a danger :: us both and did not care about us as much as -: cretended. He wondered whether now was the , -e for him to break free of Father.

::{ed

$lfitlllliiilT1

-:

illlflilfru

,,

ilml

ïll

rlltl

rFlliilluli

llllÏilLû,

1l

liii4lun

u

mi, l' ''ilur

rlt

93

Test 4

Part 4

J.

You are going to read an extract from a book about the mind. For questions 34-40, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Tiere ore some odivilies lhol iusf will nol be rushed. Ihey toke lhe lime lhey loke. lf you ore lole for o meeting, you con hurry. Bul if you ore impolienl with the moyonnoise ond odd fhe oil too quickly, il turdles. lf you $orl lugging wilh frusJrotion on o tongled fishing line,

fie

knot iu$ beromes tighler.

The mind, loo, works ot different speeds. Some of its funcions ore performed ot lightning speeds; olhers loke seronds, minutes,

hours, doys 0r even yeors 10 complete their rourse. Some con be speeded up

-

we (0n berome quicker ol solving crossword puzzles

or doing mentol orilhmelic. Bul olhers ronnol be rushed, ond if fiey ore, lhen they will breok down, like the moyonnoise, or ger tongled up, like the fishing line. 'Think fosl; we need lhe resuhs' moy somelimes be os obsurd o nolion. or ol leosl os

if

counlerprodurlive, os lhe oilempl lo crom o nighl's rest into holf the lime. We leorn, lhink ond know in o voriely of woys, ond lhese modes of the mind operule at different speeds, ond ore good for different mentol iobs. 'He who hesilotes is losl,'soys one proverb. 'Look belore you leop,' soys onother. And both ore

lrue.

tine

1

0

Roughly speoking, lhe mind poseses ùree different proressing speeds. The first is foster thon thought. Some situolions demond

on unselfconscious, in$onloneous reoclion. When my motorbike skidded on o wel rood in London some yeors ogo, my broin ond my body immediotely choreogrophed for me on inlricole ond effedive sel of movements Û01 enobled me lo keep my seol ond

-

il

lhol my ronsrious mind ond my emolions $orled lo rolrh up. Neilher o roncerl pionist nor lime lo figure oul whd lo do nexl. There is u kind of intelligence' thot works more ropidly thon thinking.

wos only oiler lhe odion wns oll over

on 0lympir fencer hos

This mode of fost physicol intelligenre rould be called our 'wils'. (The five senses .,vere originolly known

os'lhe five wits'.)

Then there is lhoughl itself: the sort of intelligence which does involve figuring mollers oul, weighing up the pros und rons, conslrucling orguments ond solving problems. A merhonic working oul why on engine will nol fire, o srienlisl lrying lo inlerprel on

inlriguing experimenlol resuh, o $udenf wre$ling wilh on osignment: oll ore employing o woy of knowing lhot relies on reoson und logic, on deliberote consrious thinking. We often coll this kind of intelligenre'inlelled'. Someone who is good ot solving these sorls of problems we coll

'brighl'0r'(lever'.

Bul below lhis, lhere is onolher menlol regisler lhol proreeds more slowly slill. ll is ofien les purposeful ond cleor-rul, more ployful, leisurely or dreomy. In this mode we ore ruminoting or mulling lhings over; being conlemplolive or medilofive. Perched on o seoside rotk, Iosl in the sound ond The molion of the surf, or hovering iusl on lhe brink of sleep or woking, we ore in o different menlol mode from lhe one we {ind ourselves in os we plun o meol or dicote o letter. This leisurely, opporenlly oimless, wuy of knowing ond experiencing is iusl os inlelligenl os lhe olher, fosler ones. Allowing the mind time lo meonder is nol o luxury lhol con sofely be cut bork os life or work geb more demonding. 0n lhe controry, thinking slowly is o vitol port of lhe cognitive

ormoury.

We need the lorloise mind iusl os murh os we need the hore broin.

Some kinds of everydoy prediromenl ore befier, more effeclively upproothed wilh o slow mind. Some mysteries con only be

penelroled

wifi o reloxed,

unquesling menlol oililude. Recenl scienlific study shows convinringly

lhol lhe more polienl, les

deliberote modes of mind ore porlitulorly suited to moking sense of siluotions lhol ore inlrirole, shodowy or ill defined. Deliberote

thinking works well when the problem is eosily roncepluolised. When we ore frying to deride where to spend our holidoys, it moy well be perfecly obvious whol lhe poromelers ore. Bul when we ore nof sure whol needs lo be loken inlo orrounl, or even whkh queslions lo pose

-

or when the isue is loo subtle to be roptured by the fomilior rolegories of conscious thoughl

-

we need retourse

lo lhe lorloise mind. lf the problem is how besl to monoge o diffirult group of people ot work, or whelher lo give up being 0 monoger

tomplelely ond relroin os o leocher, we moy be better odvised lo sil ond ponder lhon

1o seorrh

fronlitolly for explonolions

ond

solulions. This type of intelligenre is ossorioled wilh whot we coll creolivily, or even 'wisdom'. Poels hove olwoys known lhe limitotions of consrious, deliberote thinking, ond hove soughl lo rultivole lhese slower, mislier woys

of knowing. Philosophen hove wrillen oboul the reolms of lhe mind thot lie beyond ond beneoth the conscious intellect. lt is onry recently, however, fiol scienlists hove slorled lo explore diredly lhe slower, les deliberote woys of knowing. The hybrid discipline of 'rognilive srience' is reveoling fhol lhe unronsrious reolms of the humon mind will surtesfully orromplish o number of unusuol, inleresling ond imporlonl losks if they are given rhe \ime.Ihey will leorn potlerns of o degree of subtlety whkh normol constiousnes connol even see; moke sense oul of siluolions lhot ore loo complex lo onolyse; ond gel lo more sutcesfully lhon

94

fie

quesling inlelled.

ùe botlom of rerloin difficult

issues murh

rine 2i

Paper

1

Reading

rVhat point is the writer making when he says 'both are true, (line 10)?

A B C D

At least two different approaches to a problem are normally essential. No one approach is appropriate for all problems. Even contradictory sayings can be equally true. Success in problem-solving is determined by speed.

Ïhe writer mentions the concert pianist and the Olympic fencer to demonstrate that

A B C D

exceptional mental and practical skills are evident in different fields.

there is a mental process which functions faster than conscious thought. emotions are not involved in complex physical activity. the body functions independently of the mind in stressful situations.

The writer believes'cleverness'is rooted in

A B C D

skills acquired through practice. the ability to explain the thinking process. the power of the subconscious mind. the power of rational thought.

The writer uses the phrase'On the contrary' (line 27) to emphasise that a slower mode of thought is

A B C D

an alternative approach to managing stress. indispensable to our mental apparatus. a relaxing way of avoiding problems. physically undemanding as a means of escape.

The writer implies that deliberate thought copes poorly with

A B C D

comolex situations. any situation involving people. trivial daily routines. tasks with a strictly imposed time limit.

The writer advises ihat it is better to'sit and ponder'a career change because this decision

A B C D

will have long-lasting implications. will have a major elfect on other people. cannot be based solely on rational thought. cannot be made without reviewing one's abilities.

In the final paragraph it is clear the writer believes 'slow thinking'enables us to

A B C D

gain valuable insight into the past. maintain our mental and emotional well-beino. outperform faster-thinking rivals. acquire new insight in a range of disciplines. 95

Test 4

PAPER

2

WRITING (2 hours) Part

1

You must answer this question. Write your answer in 300-350 words in an appropriate style.

1

You have read the extract below in an international environmental magazine which has asked its

readers to contribute articles to a feature, entitled Crisis, what crisis?. You decide to write ar article responding to the points raised and expressing your own views. 'Some scientists have suggested we are facing an

uncertain future and a possible global crisis. The way many people live is seriously damaging the

environment and we know that some natural resources are rapidly disappearing. Perhaps it is not too late for people to change their lifestyle and their attitudes to prevent further environmental damage.'

Write your article.

96

Paper

2

'Writing

Parl2 lr - .tê

ân answer to one of the questions 2-5 in this part. Write your answer in 300-350 words in an

l:cropriate style.

I You have read a series of articles in an English

language newspaper in which differenl writers lescribe certain possessions, such as an old watch or a favourite item of clothing, which they ,vould never want to replace. The newspaper has asked readers to write letters about an object rf their own which they are equally fond of. Write a letter describing such an object and saying ,'uhy you want to keep it forever. ',Vrite your

i

letter. Do not write any postal addresses.

A large old building in your area is to be modernised and used for young people. The council has

nvited proposals for the future uses of the building. As the representative of your local youth Jroup, you decide to send in a proposal.Your proposalshould recommend two main functions for :he building and comment on how these would improve life Tor young people in the area. Write your proposal.

I

You have read an article in an English language magazine entitted lt all worked outwell in the end.

The writer described a difficult situation which ended up by being a positive experience. The magazine has invited readers to send in articles with the same title. You decide to write an article Cescribing a similar experience of your own. Write your article.

3

Based on your reading of one o{ these books, write on one of the following:

(a)

Brian Moore: The Colour of Blood In an essay for your tutor, you have been asked to choose three locations in lhe Colour of Blood to show how Cardinal Bem's character is revealed in the wav he behaves in these olaces. Write your essay.

(b)

L.P. Hartley: The Go-Between

Your local newspaper has invited readers to send in reviews of novels about children and childhood.You decide to submit a review of The Go-Between Your review should focus on Leo, and comment on how he relates to the adult world which he encounters during his stay at Brandham Hall. Write your review.

(c)

Chinua Achebe: Things Fall Apart

Your college library is planning an exhibition entitled When Different Cultures Meet, featuring books exploring this theme. Write a report for the librarian on Things Fall Apart. You should describe the different cultures, represented by Okonkwo and his people on the one hand, and the missionaries and colonial governors on the other, assessing to what extent they learn to understand each other in the course of the story. Write your report. 97

Test 4

PAPER 3

USE OF ENGLISH (1 hour 30 minutes) Part

1

For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use on one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0).

,

write your answers in cAPlrAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Examp'e:

tr

WEtrTtrIIIITIIIIIIIII The Changing English Language

All languages change over a period of time, for reasons (O)..WLl.ÇH.. are imperfectly understooc Speech is really so integral (1)............ form of human activity that it cannot be regarded as aentity (2)............ itself. For this reason, it is more exact to say that (3)............ generation behave. linguistically in a slightly different manner from (4)............ predecessors.

(5)............ they often consider to be the stilted vocabulary a.: pronunciation of (6)............ elders, and like to show (7)............ up-to-date they are by using i-: latest slang. (8)............ , as the years go by, some of that slang becomes standard usage. ln a-, case, people slowly grow far (9)............ receptive to linguistic novelties, (10)............ that by:-: Young people are impatient of

time they reach their forties, they decry the slovenly speech of the younger generation.

In this respect, language is a little (11)............ fashions in dress. The informal clothes of c-* generation become the everyday wear of the

(12)..

.

Similarly, just as many young doct:':

and office workers (13)............ out their duties in casual clothes, so expressions which were o.:Ê

confined (14)............ slang and familiar conversation are assimilated (15)............ their vocabularv.

98

nor-:

Paper

3

Use of English

Part2 i':ir :-estions 16-25, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lrrl5r " form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). ril

1""': .,'our answers in

iærp'e: pl

cAPlrAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. ,r-

EltrNlut4blu![_]t_ll

iI[ _ r_t-_]!l

Mount Mulanje

ur-,-' Mulanje in Malawi is the highest mountain in (o).ÇEN.r.KAl. Rtrica, part

CENTRE

: : 'ange which comprises no fewer than twenty peaks over 2,500 metres. The :-:e

;

1

:r:

is readily (16).......,.... by road and a day,s drive allows

7)............ circumnavigation. More energetic visitors, particularly walkers climbers, are rewarded with an experience that is (19)............ .

,l- anje is a (19)............ sight, visible for miles around. The giant slab of rock il:ears to protrude almost vertically f rom the plain. This impression is borne out

ACCESS LEISURE FORGET BREATH

:'

:re existence of the longest sheer rockface in Africa, demanding for even the ":st skilled (20)............ . The explanation for this dramatic geography lies in

rock:a hard granite, very resistant to (21).........,.. , which contrasts with the r::er rocks of the plains.

"i'-€

MOUNTAIN ERODE

',r:st visitors remain on the lower, gentler slopes, making use oT forest huts for :,ernight accommodation. The trek up the foothills, along clearly defined paths,

s not overly (22)............ but may take up to a week. As the climate cools ;'adually, almost (23)............ , with every few metres of altitude

CHALLENGE PERCEPTIBLE

:ained, so the full (2a)............ of fauna and flora is revealed in all its

DIVERSE

i25),...........

SPLENDID

.

99

Test 4

Part 3 For questions 26-31, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. Here is an example (0).

Example:

0

Some of the tourists are hoping to get compensation for the poor state of the hotel, and I think .............. case. they have a very

There's no point in trying to wade across the river, the current is far too

il

::::::::::

*:iHi":lri,"-"#didates

shourd set the job' I'm arraid

I don't have

a*

tr trtrtrENtr[TTTTTTTTTTTT Write only the missing word in CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

26

The two boys were sent home from school but told to

...'.

.. back the ner

morning. The journalist was asked to

......

My brother seemed unwilling to

27

on what had happened the previous night"

.....

.... the damage done to his car to the police

Mr Brown has only recently been elected to To my mind, an presenr.

ironing

the

..'.. of directors.

is a very mundane thing to give as a weddiry

The wood of this tree provides the basic raw material from which various types C are manufactured.

2g

ability than the current champion; his succesn Many athletes have more ...... is due to his positive attitude and good coaching' It's

only

Honey is a completely the immune system.

100

... to feel embarrassed when you do something stupid.

...........

....... product with an excellent reputation for

boosnrng

Paper

It

Yesterday morning, the Prime Minister made his first elections.

3

Use of English

public

..... since the

You should never jùdge people by their

ïhe Winslow family gave

t

every

. of being rich.

Once the ship gets out into open sea, the captain will island.

This is a specialtype of cement that be able to walk on it.

should

The new sales manager is determined

tl

My Spanish is not all that The food was

to

...

so

The robbers drove off with the police

...

a course forthe

.. very quickly, and then we'll

new targets for the company.

........ now as I haven't used it for ages. that it seemed to be burning my tongue.

in

... pursuit.

101

Test 4

Part 4 For questions 32-39, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the firs' sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.You must use between three ar: eight words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).

Example:

0

Do you mind if I watch you while you paint?

objection Do

you

....You while You Paint?

Write only the missing words on the separate answer sheet.

g2

Without the new training programme, Fred would never have made the first team.

it Had

.... the new training programr:

..

Fred would never have made the first team.

33

'lt's none of your business what I do with my money!' Dimitra informed her father.

concern Dimitra informed her father that what she ... of his.

94

I was about

to leave the office when Tomasso phoned.

point r

102

.......

....... whenTomasso phoned.

Paper

3

Use of English

I had only just got into my car when I remembered I hadn't switched off the kitchen light.

sooner No

....

I remembered I hadn't switched off

the kitchen light.

Denise completely ignored her elder sister's advice.

notice

Denise

her elder sister's advice.

Sally has run away from home before.

time This

is

...... awav from home.

People know more about the books Henri writes than the songs he sings.

better

Henri's

than as a singer.

I have been told that you have been late for work every day this week.

brought

It

.........

that you have been late for work

every day this week.

103

Test 4

Part 5 For questions 40-44, read the following texts on brands. For questions 40-43, answer with a word or short phrase. You do not need to write complete sentences. For question 44, write a summary

according to the instructions given.

Write your answers to questions 40-44 on the separate answer sheet.

Brands now dominate our shopping habits, working lives and leisure actrvities. Coqporaie logos abound, and this'brandscape'in which we live

is

global: walk down a street in any city in the

world

and there will be enough brands to make you feel at home.

not iust physical: it is mental and spiritLral. Research and surveys repeatedly show that brands generate more trust than any institution. A successful brand offers consistency of

The intrusion

is

quality, a point of certainty in an uncertain world; insecure, we latch on to the familiar and predictable. Brands are no longer simply about the qualities of the product or service they sell, but are

promoted

as a set of values.

Consequently, we use brands and we decode the use of brands to

estabhsh the status ofothers.

Now,

as

brands take on good causes, they are implicitlybidding to legitimise the corporation as a

morallyar-rd sociallyresponsible institution.The aim isthatthe audience will overlookthe human

erploitation and environmental waste invariably involved in the production of the goods, and believe that the corporation is a good thing. Brands have become a philosophy, and when consumers buy the brand, they buy into the philosophical stance of the corporation.

40

Explain why the writer has invented the word'brandscape'. (line 2)

41

Which verb in the text reveals that we judge people according to the brands they buy?

1,04

line 2

Paper

3

IJse

of English

Cn o Fridqy ofternoon in o huge open-plon office in o customer coll centre locoted in o windy business pork, fwenty minutes from the neorest shop, there subdued murmur of concerned customer service representotives hondling confused, demonding, onxious customers. Their potience does not folter. lt hord, emotionol lobour for oll I ,700 representotives ond it goes on for eighthour shifts with holf on hour for lunch ond fwo fifteen-minuie breoks. lt requires them to set oside every ospect of their chorocter except on obliging, cheerful, nothing-is-ony-trouble monner. How do you motivote someone to be thot potient on whot is o very low storting solory? The onswer is the brond: if your employees love the brond they'll work much, much horder. is the

is

rine 4

Bronds in the post decode hove shifted from being solely obout the relotionship between producer ond customer to becoming one of the most importont tools

ro monoge your workforce. The internol customers ore os imporlont

on

oudience for the brond os the externol customers - you not only sell the brond to the public, you ore olso selling it to your workforce, constontly. In this office, desks ore decoroted with positive thinking slogons; the teoms of welve toke oll their breoks together ond sociol committees orgonise riotous evenings out. The gool is to turn every employee into o brond chompion, ond whot the monogement wont now from their workforce is possionote loyolry.

42

What does the pronoun 'lt' refer to at the beginning of the sentence in line 4?

+3

Explain, in your own words, how the function of brands has changed over the past ten years.

+4

50-70 words, summarise in your own words as far as possible what both texts say about the way in which brands influence our thinking. Write your summary on the separate answer sheet. In a paragraph of

105

Test 4

PAPER 4

I

LISTENING (40 minutes approximately) Part

1

tla

You will hear four different extracts. For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best

according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.

dl

t

You hear part of a radio interview in which a writer, Jim Burrett, is talking about science fiction.

1 Why, according

A B C 2

to Jim Burrett, do critics not consider science fiction to be literature?

The subjects are often too technical. They consider it as a lesser form of writing. lt fails to explore the complexities of human interaction.

t

Jim Burrett explains that his science fiction writino deals with

A B C

ancient and universal themes.

'tEr

what is going to happen to the world. the effect of technology on humans.

7

You hear part of a radio programme in which an academic is giving a talk on cats.

3

In the speaker's opinion, how did domestic cats become part of human communities?

A B C 4

Cats chose to live in them. Farms offered a useful shelter for cats. Cats were introduced onto farms.

What is the speaker doing when he speaks?

A B C

106

comparing wild and domestic cats describing the impact of cats on society giving historical information about cats

m m

Paper

4

Listening

': r hear part of a discussion in which lan Johnson, a photojournalist, is talking about the problems -=:ing his profession. What, according to lan, are the prospects for photojournalism?

A B C

The quality of work produced seems to be declining. The demand for serious professional work is falling. The financial rewards demanded by the young are increasing.

In what way does lan think the public attitude to news is changing?

A B C

People don't want to read about disasters any more. The public want to get hold of news items instantly. Readers get bored of any news story very quickly.

":u hear part of a talk on the subject of sound quality in concert halls. l

-

What is the speaker involved in?

A B C 3

managing the finances of a concert hall designing venues for musical performances recording concerts for classical orchestras

r$l

What is the speaker doing when she speaks?

A B C

describing existing techniques suggesting innovative ideas comparing rival approaches

ffi

I

t

1,07

r Test 4

Part2 You will hear part of a radio programme about wildlife in which a researcher, Kevin Nelson, talks about a type of duck called the mallard, which he has been studying. For questions 9-17, complete the sentences with a word or short ohrase.

Yot

aut

18

At first, Kevin assumed it was the male duck's

Ëiffi

that attracted females

The female ducks are attracted to males whose bills are coloured and have no blemishes The ducks find their food on the of the rivers and lakes where thev liræ

ïhe coloration

n

of the male duck's bill can change according to its

12 The female ducks are more likely to be attacked by predators in the

Amongst the ducks, there is a disproportionate number d males Kevin describes the seldom hearQ call of the male duck as

compared to that of the femah The female duck provides ducklings with both protection and during their first week of lrie Interestingly, when a mother is in i:!ts.i,f

108

she frequently deserts her ducklingm

Paper

4

Listening

Part 3 : - .'irll hear an interview with Roland Brundy, the new chairman of the television channel GTV. For :-==:ions 18-22, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.

According to Roland Brundy, what will be the result of competition within the media?

A B C D

a narrower range oT programmes on GTV the development of new technology an increase in GTV's staff numbers greater potential for creativity

Roland feels thal in order to have 'artistic'standing, a channel needs

A B C D ]f

accomplished actors.

to buy expensive programmes.

According to Roland, the main problem in reacting to competition is that

A B C D

I

an awareness of history. to build up expertise.

it is hard to avoid copying others. all solutions are open to criticism. viewers object to change. it is hard to interpret the market accurately.

How does Roland feel about the impact of technology?

r,

tltl

A B C D

sceptical undecided negative feadul

illlil{ilt,

Roland says that one problem with his type of work is that it is hard to

utilm

A B C D

adapt to change. operate objectively. judge its importance. measure your success.

ilh

m r09

Test 4

Part 4 You will hear part of a radio discussion in which two actors, William and Sonia, talk about their profession. For questions 23-28, decide whether the opinions are expressed by only one of the speakers, or whether the speakers agree.

Write W

for William,

or

for Sonia, for Both, where they agree.

S B

23

Learning the lines before rehearsals start is not the priority.

24

Preparing for a role tends to be demanding.

25 Good acting depends

on interaction with the other actors.

E

26

| generally play a character in the same way in every pedormance of a play.

[tr

27

Actors have more control in plays than in films

E

28

Detail is more significant in films than in plays.

[tr

110

Paper

pAPER

--:'e

5

5

Speaking

SPEAKING (19 minutes)

are two examiners. One (the interlocutor) conducts the test, providing you with the necessary

- =::rlals and explaining what you have to do. The other examiner (the assessor) will be introduced - ,:,;. but then takes no further part in the interaction.

Part 1 (3 minutes)

*-:

nterlocutor Tirst asks you and your partner a few questions which focus on information about : -'selves and oersonal ooinions.

aafi 2 (4 minutes) -

.^,s part of the test you and your partner are asked to talk together. The interlocutor places a on the table in front of you. There may be only one picture in the set or as many as ,";,:n oictures. This stimulus provides the basis for a discussion. The interlocutor first asks an -:'-rCuctory queslion which focuses on two of the pictures (or in the case of a single picture, on :=:ects of the picture). After about a minute, the interlocutor gives you both a decision-making task :;:ed on the same set oT oictures. -re pictures for Part 2 are on pages C8-Cg of the colour section.

,.' rf pictures

eart 3 (12 minutes) are each given the opportunity to talk for two minutes, to comment after your partner has :;: -