Celulas de La Corteza Cerebral

 

attps://www.psfncbntfvb.ncm/ilco/lb-ncrtgzb-ngrgirblmcr`clcofb-afstclcofb-lcnblfzbnfch-`uhnfchbl/

[fpcs kg nælulbs kg lb ncrtgzb ngrgirbl. Lcs kcs tfpcs prfhnfpblgs kg nælulbs kg lb ncrtgzb sch lcs sfoufghtgs: Lbs nælulbs gstrgllbkbs c orbhulbrgs

^ch pgqugòbs hgurchbs kg bxþh ncrtc qug hc sblgh kg lb ncrtgzb4 sch lbs prfhnfpblgs fhtgrhgurchbs ncrtfnblgs. Lbs nælulbs pfrbmfkblgs

Ygnfigh su hcmirg pcr lb `crmb pfrbmfkbl kg su scmb. ^ch hgurchbs qug vbríbh munac kg tbmbòc, y sg pugkgh ghnchtrbr nælulbs pfrbmfkblgs ofobhtgs gh lb ncrtgzb mctcrb, qug sch uhbs kg lbs mâs orbhkgs kgl ^HN.

 

Kgl værtfng supgrfcr, sblg uhb lbrob kghkrftb bpfnbl qug suig abnfb lb supgrnfg kg lb ncrtgzb. Kg lb ibsg kg lb l b nælulb sblgh kghkrftbs ibsblgs qug sg gxtfghkgh acrfzchtblmghtg. Gl bxþh suglg sgr lbroc y sfhbptb nch ctrbs ârgbs ncrtfnblgs c nch gstrunturbs suincrtfnblgs. ^ch lbs prfhnfpblgs hgurchbs g`grghtgs kg lb ncrtgzb. Aby ctrcs tfpcs kg nælulbs gh lb ncrtgzb ncrtgzb,, ncmc sch lcs sfoufghtgs: 





Nælulbs acrfzchtblgs (c kg Nbjbl). Nbjbl). ^ch fhtgrhgurchbs qug sg ghnughtrbh gh lb nbpb mâs gxtgrhb4 suglgh kgsbpbrgngr kgspuæs kgl hbnfmfghtc. Nælulbs `usf`crmgs. `usf`crmgs. [fghgh `crmb kg ausc, sg ghnughtrbh gh lb nbpb ncrtfnbl mâs prc`uhkb y sus bxchgs sblgh kg lb ncrtgzb. Nælulbs kg Mbrtfhcttf Mbrtfhcttf.. ^ch fhtgrhgurchbs qug sg ghnughtrbh pcr tckbs lbs nbpbs y ghvíbh sus bxchgs abnfb lb supgrnfg.

 

@ughtg: aps://psfnclcofbymghtg.ncm/hgurcnfghnfbs/ncrtgzb-ngrgirbl#:~:tgxt=Lb%95nbpb %95pfrbmfkbl%95gxtgrhb%95rgnfig,kg%95prcygnnf%N>%I>h%9N%95bscnfbnf%N>%I>h %95y%95ncmfsurblgs. Fmpcrtbhtg.

Lbs nbpbs kg lb ncrtgzb ngrgirbl

Ncmc sg mghnfchb bhtgrfcrmghtg, bhtgrfcrmghtg, lb ncrtgzb ngrgirbl gstâ `crmbkb pcr nbpbs kf`grghtgs kg tgjfkc hgurchbl  nchcnfkc ncmc mbtgrfb orfs. Nbkb uhb kg gstbs nbpbs pcsgg uhb gspgnfblfzbnfþh `uhnfchbl kf`grghtg y ab sfkc crfofhbkb gh uh mcmghtc kg lb gvclunfþh aumbhb kf`grghtg. Gstc sfohf`fnb qug, b lc lbroc kg hugstrb gvclunfþh y kgsbrrcllc ncmc sgrgs aumbhcs nbpbs abh fkc kg bumghtbhkc gh nbhtfkbk, lc qug ab fmplfnbkc uh gstbs pctghtg kgsbrrcllc hugstrbs nbpbnfkbkgs ncohftfvbs g fhtglgntublgs gh ncmpbrbnfþh nch ctrbs gspgnfgs bhfmblgs. Gstbs nbpbs sch lbs sfoufghtgs. 2. Nbpb mclgnulbr 

Lb nbpb mclgnulbr gs gl mâs gxtgrhc, y pcr lc tbhtc mâs rgnfghtg gh crfogh, kg tckcs lc gstrbtcs kg lb ncrtgzb ngrgirbl. Nchcnfkb tbmifæh ncmc nbpb plgxf`crmg , gs gsghnfblmghtg uhb

nbpb sfhâptfnb `crmbkb pcr uhb gspgsb rgk kg `firbs hgurchblgs. 9. Nbpb orbhulbr gxtgrhb

Lb sgouhkb nbpb qug nch`crmb lb ncrtgzb ngrgirbl gs lb nbpb orbhulbr  gxtgrhb. Gstb gstâ `crmbkb pcr uhb uhb orbh nbhtfkbk kg pgqugòbs nælulbs gstrgllbkbs y pfrbmfkblgs. Lcs bxchgs kg gstb nbpb sg fh`fltrbh gh lb nbpb mclgnulbr ghtrbhkc abnfb zchbs mâs sumgrofkbs kg lb ncrtgzb ngrgirbl, bncplâhkcsg nch kf`grghtgs zchbs kg lb ncrtgzb. >. Nbpb pfrbmfkbl gxtgrhb

 

Lb nbpb pfrbmfkbl gxtgrhb rgnfig su hcmirg kgl tfpc kg nælulbs qug lb ncmpchgh: lbs nælulbs pfrbmfkblgs . Gsbs nælulbs kfrfogh sus bxchgs abnfb ctrbs zchbs kg lb ncrtgzb y abnfb ctrcs kgstfhcs suincrtfnblgs gh `crmb kg `firbs kg prcygnnfþh, bscnfbnfþh y ncmfsurblgs. ;. Nbpb orbhulbr fhtgrhb

Gstb nbpb gstâ `crmbkb gsghnfblmghtg pcr uhb mbsb ncmpbntb kg nælulbs gstrgllbkbs, lb mbycríb kg lbs nublgs rgnfigh b`grghnfbs kg lb zchb kgl tâlbmc. Gstbs `firbs crkghbkbs kg mbhgrb acrfzchtbl sch nchcnfkbs ncmc ibhkb gxtgrhb kg Ibfllbrogr . 7. Nbpb pfrbmfkbl fhtgrhb, c nbpb obholfchbr 

Gstb qufhtb nbpb ghtrbòb uhb orbh nbhtfkbk kg nælulbs pfrbmfkblgs kg mgkfc y orbh tbmbòc, bsí ncmc nælulbs gstrgllbkbs y kg Mbrtfhcttf . ^us `flbmghtcs kfspugstcs gh acrfzchtbl tbmifæh nch`crmbh pbrtg kg lb ibhkb fhtgrhb kg Ibfllbrogr. 0. Nbpb multf`crmg c pclfmþr`fnb

Lb últfmb kg gstbs nbpbs gh lb `crmbkb pcr nælulbs kg tfpc `usf`crmg lbs nublgs kgrfvbh lb fh`crmbnfþh b lb ncrtgzb, bl tâlbmc y b lcs húnlgcs gstrfbkcs. Bkgmâs, tbmifæh fhnluyg nælulbs pfrbmfkblgs kg nugrpc trfbhoulbr u cvcfkg

 

Nælulbs hgrvfcsbs kg lb ncrtgzb ngrgirbl   Lbs nælulbs pfrbmfkblgs rgnfigh su hcmirg pcr lb `crmb kg sus nugrpcs nglulbrgs (`fo. 2), lb mbycríb kg lcs nublgs mfkg ghtrg 25 μm y 75 μm. Hc cistbhtg, tbmifæh aby nælulbs pfrbmfkblgs ofobhtgs qug sg nchcngh ncmc nælulbs kg Igtz, nuycs nugrpcs nglulbrgs pugkgh llgobr b mgkfr abstb 295 μm, y sg ghnughtrbh gh lb nfrnuhvclunfþh prgnghtrbl mctcrb kgl lþiulc `rchtbl. Lcs værtfngs kg lbs nælulbs pfrbmfkblgs gstâh crfghtbkcs crfght bkcs abnfb lb supgr` supgr`fnfg fnfg pfbl kg lb ncrtgzb. Kgskg bllí, gh nbkb nælulb surog uhb kghkrftb bpfnbl orugsb qug sg gxtfghkg abnfb brrfib b trbvæs kg lb píb, kgsprghkfghkc rbmbs nclbtgrblgs. Kgskg lcs âhoulcs kg lb ibsg aby vbrfbs kghkrftbs ibsblgs qug tfghgh uh trbygntc gspfhbs lbtgrbl llgobhkc abstb gl lbs hgurþpflc Nbkb kghkrftb pcsgg humgrcsbs kghkrítfnbs pbrb uhfchgsnfrnuhkbhtg. sfhâptfnbs nch bxchgs kg ctrbs hgurchbs (`fo. 2). Gl bxþh surog kg lb ibsg kgl nugrpc nglulbr y tgrmfhb gh lbs nbpbs ncrtfnblgs mâs prc`uhkbs c, nch mbycr `rgnughnfb, pghgtrb gh lb sustbhnfb ilbhnb kgl agmfs`grfc ngrgirbl gh `crmb kg `firbs kg prcygnnfþh, kg bscnfbnfþh c ncmfsurblgs.   Lbs nælulbs nælulbs gstrgllbkbs gstrgllbkbs,,  qug b vgngs sg kghcmfhbh nælulbs orbhulcsbs pcr su pgqugòc tbmbòc, tfghgh uhb `crmb pclfochbl y sus nugrpcs n ugrpcs nglulbrgs mfkgh gh tcrhc b 1 μm kg kfâmgtrc (`fo. 2).   Gstbs nælulbs tfghgh múltfplgs rbmf`fnbnfchgs kghkrítfnbs y uh bxþh rglbtfvbmghtg ncrtc qug tgrmfhb gh uhb hgurchb ngrnbhb. nælulbs bs `usf`crmgs `usf`crmgs  sg kfr Lcs bxc Lcs xchg hgss lbro lbrocs cs kg lbs nælul kfrfog fogh h vgrtfn vgrtfnblm blmght ghtg g abn abnfb fb lb supgr`fnfg y sg nchnghtrbh prfhnfpblmghtg gh sus nbpbs ncrtfnblgs mâs prc`uhkbs (`fo. 2). Lbs kghkrftbs surogh kg nbkb pclc kgl nugrpc nglulbr. Lbs rbmbs kg lb kghkrftb fh`grfcr sg ghnughtrbh gh lb mfsmb nbpb nglulbr, mfghtrbs qug lb kghkrftb supgr`fnfbl bsnfghkg abnfb lb supgr`fnfg kg lb ncrtgzb y sg rbmf`fnb gh lbs nbpbs mâs supgr`fnfblgs. Gl bxþh surog kg lb pbrtg fh`grfcr kgl nugrpc nglulbr y pghgtrb gh lb sustbhnfb ilbhnb b mckc kg `firbs kg prcygnnfþh, kg bscnfbnfþh c ncmfsurblgs.   Lbs næl nælulb ulbs s acrfzc acrfzchtb htblgs lgs kg Nbjbl  Nbjbl  sch pgqugò pgqugòbs bs næl nælulb ulbss `us `usf`c f`crmg rmgss crfght crfghtbkb bkbss acrfzchtblmghtg, qug sg ghnughtrbh gh lbs nbpbs mâs supgr`fnfblgs kg lb ncrtgzb (`fo. 1-2). Lb kghkrftb gmgrog kg nbkb gxtrgmc kg lb nælulb nch uh bxþh qug tfghg uh trbygntc pbrblglc b lb supgr`fnfg kg lb ncrtgzb y gstbilgng nchtbntc nch lbs kghkrftbs kg lbs nælulbs pfrbmfkblgs.

 

Lbs nælulbs kg Mbrtfhcttf sch pgqugòbs nælulbs multfpclbrgs qug sg abllbh prgsghtgs

gh tckcs lcs hfvglgs kg lb ncrtgzb (`fo. 2). Lb nælulb tfghg kghkrftbs ncrtbs, pgrc gl bxþh sg kfrfog abnfb lb supgr`fnfg pfbl kg lb ncrtgzb, kchkg tgrmfhb gh uhb nbpb qug suglg sgr lb nbpb mâs supgr`fnfbl supgr`fnfbl.. Kurbhtg su rgncrrf rgncrrfkc, kc, gl bxþh kb crfogh b blouhbs rbmbs nclbtgrblgs ncrtbs.   @fourb 2 Urfhnfpblgs tfpcs kg hgurchbs qug sg ghnughtrbh gh lb ncrtgzb ngrgirbl.

 

. Iâsfnbmghtg, gh lb ncrtgzb ngrgirbl pckgmcs lcnblfzbr sfgtg tfpcs iâsfncs kg hgurchbs: b. Hgurchbs acrfzchtblgs kg Nbjbl Ygtzfus i. Hgurchbs pfrbmfkblgs n. Hgurchbs gspfhcsbs k. Hgurchbs kg kcilg icuqugt g. Hgurchbs kg vch Gnchcmc `. Hgurchbs ifpghbnabkbs o. Hgurchbs gh nbhkglbirc Lb lfstb prgsghtb lcs tfpcs kg hgurchbs glgmghtblgs qug sg pugkgh ghnchtrbr kghtrc kg lb ncrtgzb ngrgirbl. Gh prfmgrb fhstbhnfb, lbs hgurchbs acrfzchtblgs kg Nbjbl Ygtzfus, bscnfbkbs b `uhnfchgs prgmctcrbs (sg ghnbrobh kg lb prgpbrbnfþh kg lc qug sgrâh lbs bntfvfkbkgs mctcrbs). Gh sgouhkb fhstbhnfb, gstâh lbs hgurchbs pfrbmfkblgs, rgoulbkcrbs kg lcs mcvfmfghtcs vcluhtbrfcs músnulc-gsquglætfnc. Gh tgrngr luobr, hcs ghnchtrbmcs nch kgl lbs sfstgmb hgurchbs gspfhcsbs, qug `crmbh bprcxfmbkbmghtg gl 6;% kg lbs nælulbs gstrfbtblgs4 su tbrgb prfhnfpbl gs lb kg fhafifr y gxnftbr kfvgrscs nghtrcs kg rgoulbnfþh ncmpcrtbmghtbl y gmcnfchbl. Gh nubrtc luobr, bpbrgngh lbs hgurchbs kg kcilg icuqugt, qug sg cnupbh kg rgoulbr lbs `uhnfchgs olutbmbtærofnbs y nchtrclbh lb mbycr pbrtg kg bntfvfkbkgs nchsnfghtgs c kg vfoflfb gh gl sgr aumbhc. Gh qufhtb fhstbhnfb, gstâh lbs hgurchbs kgl vch Gnchcmc, lbs nublgs, kg `crmb prckfofcsb, sg rglbnfchbh nch lb oghgrbnfþh kgl yc (hugstrb

fkghtfkbk fhkfvfkubl) y kg glgmghtcs tbh rglgvbhtgs ncmc lb gmpbtíb, gl pghsbmfghtc y lcs gstbkcs kg nchnghtrbnfþh. Gh sgxtc luobr, sg cisgrvbh lbs hgurchbs ifpghbnabkbs. Æstbs tfghgh ncmc mgtb prfhnfpbl lb rgoulbnfþh kg kfvgrsbs `uhnfchgs ncohftfvbs y gjgnutfvbs fhkfspghsbilgs pbrb hugstrb nulturb y scnfgkbk. Ucr últfmc, bprgnfbmcs lbs hgurchbs gh nbhkglbirc -sch `uhkbmghtblmghtg fhtgrhgurchbs-, ghnbrobkbs kg lb fhafifnfþh kg gstímulcs. ^f sg kbòbsgh, prckunfríbh b`gntbnfchgs tblgs ncmc gpflgpsfb g, fhnlusc, gsqufzc`rghfb. [ckb gstb vbrfgkbk kg hgurchbs lcnblfzbkbs gh lb ncrtgzb ngrgirbl kgmugstrb uhb rfqugzb hgurcifclþofnb tbh orbhkg qug bpghbs

 

gstbmcs ncmghzbhkc b ncmprghkgr su bhbtcmíb kgskg tckcs lcs nbmpcs pcsfilgs kg lbs hgurcnfghnfbs. Glunfkbr lbs `uhnfchgs gspgní`fnbs y lbs fhtgrnchgxfchgs kg tckbs y nbkb uhb kg lbs hgurchbs, tbhtc kg `crmb fhkfvfkubl ncmc gh rgk y ibjc tckbs sus vbrfgkbkgs y mckblfkbkgs, gs uh trbibjc qug lg llgvbrâ munabs mâs kænbkbsncmplgjfkbk b lbs hgurcnfghnfbs. Uugs hckghtrc pckrgmcs ghtghkgr tckb lb abstb ghcrmg qug sg ghnfgrrb kg hugstrbs nbigzbs qug lbs tænhfnbs kg hgurcfmbogh hc gvclunfchgh gh sus mâs pctghtgs vgrsfchgs tgnhclþofnbs, gh su prgnfsfþh, gh su bltb kg`fhfnfþh y gh fmâoghgs gxtrbíkbs gh nchtgxtcs rgblgs.

Hctb :

Gl olutbmbtc mgkfb lb mbycr pbrtg kg sfhbpsfs gxnftbtcrfbs kgl ^fstgmb Hgrvfcsc Nghtrbl (^HN). Gs gl prfhnfpbl mgkfbkcr kg lb fh`crmbnfþh sghscrfbl, mctcrb, ncohftfvb, gmcnfchbl g fhtgrvfghg gh lb `crmbnfþh kg mgmcrfbs y gh su rgnupgrbnfþh, gstbhkc prgsghtg gh gl 15-65% kg sfhbpsfs kgl ngrgirc. Ucr sf gs pcnc mærftc tckc gstc, tbmifæh fhtgrvfghg gh lb hgurcplbstfnfkbk, lcs prcngscs kg bprghkfzbjg y gs gl prgnurscr kgl OBIB „gl prfhnfpbl hgurctrbhsmfscr fhafiftcrfc kgl ^HN„. ³Ruæ gs gl olutbmbtc3

Ucsfilgmghtg ab sfkc uhc kg lcs hgurctrbhsmfscrgs mâs gxabustfvbmghtg gstukfbkcs kgl sfstgmb hgrvfcsc. Gh lcs últfmcs bòcs su gstukfc ab fkc gh bumghtc kgifkc b su rglbnfþh nch kfvgrsbs pbtclcoíbs hgurckgoghgrbtfvbs (ncmc pcr gjgmplc lb gh`grmgkbk kg  Blzagfmgr), lc qug lg ab nchvgrtfkc gh uhb pctghtg pctghtg kfbhb `brmbnclþofnb gh kfvgrsbs gh`grmgkbkgs.