CELTA Precourse Task New
July 18, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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KJCTI
Rrj-Kaursj Tise
Kagtjgts Mgtraduktmag
9
[jktmag 9
Cjirgjrs igd Tjikhjrs, igd thj Cjirgmgf igd Tjikhmgf Kagtjxt
0
[jktmag 0
Cigfuifj Igicysms igd Iwirjgjss
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[jktmag ;
Cigfuifj [emccs< Pjidmgf, Cmstjgmgf, [pjiemgf igd V rmtmgf
09
[jktmag 4
Rciggmgf igd Pjsaurkjs
0>
[jktmag :
Djvjcapmgf Tjikhmgf [emccs igd Rranjssmagicmso
08
Mgtraduktmag Thj imo an thms tise ms ta mgtradukj yau ta saoj an thj irjis kavjrjd ag thj KJCTI kaursj igd ta pravmdj yau wmth thj appartugmty ta prjpirj nar thj kaursj. Thj tises shaucd `j kaopcjtjd ag i sjpiritj shjjt, igd yau oiy `j isejd ta su`omt mt it it thj stirt an thj kaursj. Icthaufh yau oiy `j isejd ta su`omt yaur kaopcjtjd tise it thj stirt an thj kaursj, mt wmcc gat `j fridjd ar tiejg mgta ikkaugt is pirt an yaur kaursjware. Thj tises shaucd `j thaufht i`aut igd kaopcjtjd mg thj ardjr thjy irj prjsjgtjd, `ut yau irj gat jxpjktjd ta kaopcjtj thj prj-kaursj prj-kaursj tise it agj smttmgf. Mt waucd `j oarj `jgjnmkmi `jgjnmkmicc nar yau ta ware ag thj tise mg i guo`jr an smttmgfs avjr i pjrmad an tmoj. ]au oiy nmgd agj an thj naccawmgf n accawmgf friooir `aaes usjnuc nar rjnjrjgkj< Imtejg, P - Tjikhmgf Tjgsjs (Gjcsag) @acmtha, P & Taocmgsag, @ ‛ Dmskavjr Jgfcmsh ‛ 0gd jdmtmag (Oikomccig) Cjjkh, Krumkeshige & Mvigmď ‛ Ig I-\ an Jgfcmsh Friooir & Zsifj (Cagfoig) Ourphy, P ‛ Jgfcmsh Friooir mg Zsj (KZR) Rirratt, O ‛ Friooir nar Jgfcmsh Tjikhjrs (KZR) (KZR) [wig, O ‛ Rriktmkic Jgfcmsh Zsifj (AZR) [wig, O & Victjr, K ‛ Haw Jgfcmsh Vares (AZR) Tharg`ury, [ ‛ Haw ta Tjikh Friooir (Cagfoig) Mn yau wmsh ta da saoj iddmtmagic rjidmgf rjidmgf `jnarj thj stirt an tthj hj kaursj, thj naccawmgf `aaes oiy `j an mgtjrjst< Fawjr, Victjrs & Rhmcmps ‛ Tjikhmgf Rriktmkj Higd`aae ‛ 0gd jdmtmag (Oikomccig) Hirojr, L. ‛ Haw ta Tjikh T jikh Jgfcmsh ‛ ;rd jdmtmag (Cagfoig) (Cagfoig) Cjwms, O & Hmcc, L ‛ Rriktmkic Tjkhgmqujs nar Cigfuifj Tjikhmgf Tjikhmgf (CTR) Ejgwarthy, L ‛ Tjikhmgf Jgfcmsh Rragugkmitmag (Cagfoig) [krmvjgjr L ‛ Cjirgmgf Tjikhmgf (Oikomccig) Thjrj irj nmvj sjktmags ta thj tise, wmth jikh sjktmag nakusmgf ag i spjkmnmk tapmk irji nrao thj KJCTI sycci`us. Thjsj irj thj ugmts ag whmkh kigdmditjs irj issjssjd durmgf thj kaursj< Zgmt 9 ‛ [jktmag 9 Cjirgjrs igd tjikhjrs, igd thj cjirgmgf igd tjikhmgf kagtjxt Zgmt 0 ‛ [jktmag 0 Cigfuifj igicysms igd iwirjgjss Zgmt ; ‛ [jktmag ; Cigfuifj semccs< rjidmgf, cmstjgmgf, spjiemgf igd wrmtmgf Zgmt 4 ‛ [jktmag 4 Rciggmgf igd rjsaurkjs Zgmt : ‛ [jktmag : Djvjcapmgf tjikhmgf semccs igd pranjssmagicmso
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[jktmag Cjirgjrs rs igd Tjikhjrs Tjikhjrs,, igd thj Tjikhmg Tjikhmgf f igd Cjirgm Cjirgmgf gf Kagtjxt Kagtjxt [jktmag 9 Cjirgj I
Tjikhmgf igd cjirgmgf kagtjxts
Typjs an kagtjxts @jkiusj Jgfcmsh cigfuifj tjikhmgf igd cjirgmgf tiejs pcikj iraugd thj fca`j, thjrj kig `j oigy dmnnjrjgt cjirgmgf/tjikhmgf kagtjxts< •
agj-ta-agj cjssags/cjssags cjssags/cjssags mg fraups
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oagacmgfuic/ouctmcmgfui oagacmgfuic/o uctmcmgfuicc fraups
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kcasjd/apjg fraups
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nucc-tmoj/pirt-tmoj kaursjs
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cjirgjrs wmth cmttcj ar ga prjvmaus naroic jdukitmag
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omxjd/smomcir omxjd/smomc ir i`mcmty fraups
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omxjd/sioj fjgdjr fraups
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cirfj/soiccjr kcissjs
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diy/jvjgmgf kcissjs
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tjikhjrs wmth Jgfcmsh-spjiemgf/gagJgfcmsh- spjiemgf/gag-Jgfcmsh-sp Jgfcmsh-spjiemgf jiemgf `ikefraugds
Gatjs ag thj fraups< Oagacmgfuic Thj studjgts icc spjie thj sioj nmrst cigfuifj, j.f. thj studjgts icc spjie [pigmsh. Ouctmcmgfuic
Thj studjgts icc spjie dmnnjrjgt nmrst n mrst cigfuifjs.
Kcasjd
Thj studjgts usuiccy icc kaoj nrao thj sioj mgstmtutmag igd ga athjr cjirgjrs lamg thjmr fraup j.f. I fraup an Lipigjsj kaccjfj studjgts icc fa ta ig Jgfcmsh-spjiemgf kaugtry ar `usmgjssojg nrao agj kaugtry study mg thj sioj fraup.
Igd wj kaucd kagsmdjr kagsmdjr athjr virmi`cjs virmi`cjs sukh is la`s, mgtjrjsts, rjisags rjisags nar cjirgmgf cjirgmgf Jgfcmsh, igd sa ag. Mt ms i faad mdji ta nmgd aut i`aut thjsj niktars `jnarj yau tjikh yaur nmrst kciss, is mt wmcc hivj ig jnnjkt ag yaur pciggmgf.
Tise 9 9. Mg whit kagtjxt wmcc yau `j damgf thj KJCTI kaursj1 0. Da yau egaw whit kagtjxt yau wmcc `j tjikhmgf t jikhmgf mg intjr yau nmgmsh thj kaursj1
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@
Th Thj j cjir cjirgj gjrs rs”” ku kuct ctur uric ic,, cmgfu cmgfums mstm tmk k ig igd d jd jduki ukitm tmag agic ic `i `ike kefr frau augd gd
Iduct cjirgjrs Tjikhmgf iduct cjirgjrs ms fjgjriccy vjry dmnnjrjgt nrao tjikhmgf yaugfjr cjirgjrs. Aur ippraikh wmcc wmcc gjjd ta tiej mgta ikkaugt thj khiriktjrmstmks an iduct cjirgjrs.
Tise 0 9. Thmge i`aut i`aut why yau djkmdjd djkmdjd ta tjikh iducts. iducts. 0. Thmge i`aut whit whit yau, is ig ig iduct, `rmgf `rmgf ta thms cjirgmgf cjirgmgf smtuitmag. smtuitmag. ;. Caae it yaur igswjrs ta qujstmags 9 igd 0 igd usj thjsj mdjis ta hjcp yau ta wrmtj dawg whit khiriktjrmsjs iduct cjirgjrs.
Nmgdmgf aut i`aut cjirgjrs Vhjg iduct studjgts irrmvj mg i skhaac ar kaccjfj, thjy irj usuiccy fmvjg i pcikjojgt tjst igd thjg fraupjd raufhcy ikkardmgf ta thjmr cigfuifj cjvjc. Mg ardjr ta tjikh thjo sukkjssnuccy, yau gjjd ta nmgd aut i`aut thjo is pjapcj igd cjirgjrs.
Tise ; 9. Vhit waucd yau wigt wigt ta nmgd aut i`aut i fraup an cjirgjrs thit yau hid ta tjikh sa thit yau kaucd pcig yaur cjssags1 0. Haw waucd yau nmgd aut1
K
Oatmvitmag
Oatmvitmags nar cjirgmgf Jgfcmsh Cjirgjrs irj saojtmojs cjirgmgf i cigfuifj nar pjrsagic rjisags ar, vjry akkismagiccy, aut an mgtjrjst ar nar sjcn-frawth. Hawjvjr, oast cjirgjrs irj cjirgmgf i cigfuifj is is i ojigs ta athjr jgds. Is i tjikhjr yau gjjd gjjd ta hjcp cjirgjrs cjirgjrs oavj tawirds tawirds thjmr faics. Jxtrmgsmk oatmvitmag ms oatmvitmag nrao niktars autsmdj thj t hj kcissraao, sukh is thj rjisags nar n ar cjirgmgf Jgfcmsh. Cjirgjrs antjg cjirg Jgfcmsh< • ta fimg ikkjss ta jopcayojgt • ta `j i`cj ta study igd rjsjirkh mg Jgfcmsh • ta `j i`cj ta piss pu`cmk jxios mg ig Jgfcmsh-spjiemgf Jgfcmsh-sp jiemgf kaugtry • ta `j i`cj ta cmvj mg ig Jgfcmsh-spjiemgf Jgfcmsh-spj iemgf kaugtry • ta sakmicmsj wmth gjmfh`aurs • nar kirjjr, stitus igd la` praspjkts • ta mgvacvj thjosjcvjs mg thjmr khmcdrjg”s skhaacmgf QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQ ;
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ta `j i`cj ta ugdjrstigd Jgfcmsh nmcos, T^ igd sagfs ta nmgd aut oarj i`aut thj pjapcj igd kucturj an Jgfcmsh-spjiemgf Jgfcmsh-spjie mgf pjapcj ta `j i`cj ta rjid Jgfcmsh cmtjriturj `jkiusj an prjssurj nrao niomcy ta fimg kmtmzjgshmp kmtmzjgshmp
Idiptjd nrao Hjdfj, Hjdfj, T. (0222) Tjikhmgf igd Cjirgmgf mg thj Cigfuifj Kcissraao Axnard< Kcissraao Axnard< AZR pp. 00-0;
Tise 4 Mn yau wjrj tjikhmgf i fraup an cjirgjrs, jikh an whao hid dmnnjrjgt oatmvitmags nar cjirgmgf Jgfcmsh, whmkh cjirgjrs waucd `j thj oast khiccjgfmgf mg tjros an oatmvitmag1
D
Th Thj jq qui uicm cmtm tmjs js ig igd ds sem emcccs a ann i f faa aad d cci igf gfui uifj fj tj tji ikh khjr jr
Cjirgjrs jxpjkt ta nmgd mg thjmr tjikhjrs saojagj wmth whao thjy kig ware kaonarti`cy igd saojagj wmth thj semccs ta jgi`cj thjo ta ikhmjvj thjmr faics.
Tise : Caae it thj cmst an quicmtmjs igd semccs thit i tjikhjr tjikhjr omfht hivj. Vhmkh da yau thmge cjirgjrs oast antjg ritj mg thj tap t ap nmvj1 • • • • • • • • •
his i sjgsj an huoaur his i kico prjsjgkj `umcds rippart ms ippraikhi`cj egaws haw ta cmstjg wjcc ta studjgts trusts cjirgjrs ms pitmjgt rjspjkts mgdmvmduicmty mgdmvmduicmty fmvjs kcjir mgnaroitmag mgnaroitma g igd njjd`ike
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egaws i`aut cigfuifj igd cjirgmgf mgspmrjs kagnmdjgkj ms sjgsmtmvj ta cjirgjrs is pjapcj pikjs cjssags ta oitkh thj cjirgjrs ms ojthadmkic igd wjcc-arfigmsjd wjcc-arfigms jd pcigs wjcc kig `j iutharmtitmvj iutharmtitmvj wmthaut `jmgf dmstigt ms icwiys cjirgmgf igd djvjcapmgf ms jgthusmistmk igd mgspmrjs jgthusmiso ms nrmjgdcy ms hagjst jopithmsjs wmth thj cjirgjrs dajs gat kaopcmkitj thmgfs uggjkjssirmcy ms sjgsmtmvj ta thj kucturj igd `ikefraugds an thj cjirgjrs
Idiptjd nrao [krmvjgjr, [krmvjgjr, L. 9==4 Cjirgmgf Tjikhmgf Oikomccig/Hjmgjoigg Oikomccig/Hjmgjoigg pp 6-8 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQ 4
[jktma g 0 Cig Cigfui fuifj fj Igicy Igicysms sms igd igd Iwirjg Iwirjgjss jss [jktmag I
Friooir
[jktmag I an thms ugmt imos ta< t a< • • • • • •
hmfhcmfht thj vicuj an jxpcmkmt friooitmkic egawcjdfj mg Jgfcmsh cigfuifj tjikhmgf mdjgtmny dmnnjrjgt ward kcissjs kcirmny thj dmstmgktmag dmstmgktma g `jtwjjg cjxmkic igd iuxmcmiry vjr`s hmfhcmfht dmnnjrjgt vjr` naros kcirmny thj kagstruktmag an dmnnjrjgt vjr` phrisjs mccustritj thj rjcitmagshmp `jtwjjg friooitmkic naro igd ojigmgf.
Avjrvmjw I cat an gjfitmvj kaggatitmags kaggatitmags surraugd surraugd thj ward ‘friooir”. ‘friooir”. Thjy irj antjg issakmitjd issakmitjd wmth cjirgmgf cjirgmgf jxpjrmjgkjs mg Jgfcmsh cigfuifj ar sjkagd cigfuifj kcissjs whjg wj wjrj it prmoiry ar hmfh skhaac.
Tise > Oiej i cmst an issakmitmags yau hivj wmth thj ward ‘friooir”. (Thjy oiy gat icc `j gjfitmvj!)
Friooir ms saojtmojs pjrkjmvjd is `jmgf saojthmgf i`strikt igd dmnnmkuct issakmitjd wmth thj igicysms an vjry cagf sjgtjgkjs. sjgtjgkjs. Vhmcj mt ms passm`cj nar i tjikhjr ta krjitj thms moprjs moprjssmag, smag, friooir ms saojthmgf thit wj usj jvjry diy whjgjvjr wj spjie ar wrmtj. [mopcy put, friooir ms i ‘systjo” thit wj usj ta jxprjss ojigmgf. Vhjg wj hivj i thaufht thit wj wigt ta irtmkucitj mg spaejg ar wrmttjg naro, wj usj thj t hj systjo an friooir ta jgkadj aur mdjis sa thit athjrs wmcc ugdjrstigd thjo. thjo. Vj icsa usj thj vaki`uciry igd pragugkmitmag pragugkmitmag systjos ta idd ta ojigmgf. Oigy an us spjie igd wrmtj Jgfcmsh jxtrjojcy wjcc wmthaut hivmgf igy jxpcmkmt egawcjdfj egawcjdfj an friooir. Hawjvjr, gitmvj spjiejrs da hivj mopcmkmt egawcjdfj egawcjdfj an friooir igd usj mt karrjktcy.
Tise 6 Caae it thj naccawmgf sjgtjgkjs sjgtjgkjs igd djkmdj whm whmkh kh irj karrjkt. Vrmtj i karrjkt vjrsmag an thj jxiopcjs thit irj mgkarrjkt. 9. 0. ;. 4. :. >.
Vj”vj `jjg `jjg caaemgf nar yau yau nar ifjs. M”vj `jjg ta thj oavmjs cist gmfht. Hj antjg kaoj citj. Thjy wjrj wimtmgf `y thj naugtimg. Kig M hivj i kannjj `cike, pcjisj1 Rjapcj wmth 90 mtjos ar cjss kig qujuj hjrj.
I kcjir mgdmkitmag mgdmkitmag an aur mopcmkmt mopcmkmt friooir egawcjdfj egawcjdfj ms aur i`mcmty i`mcmty `ath ta dmstmgfumsh dmstmgfumsh `jtwjjg k karrjkt arrjkt igd mgkarrjkt cigfuifj, igd ta `j i`cj ta karrjkt whit ms mgkarrjkt. Hawjvjr, ta ware is ig jnnjktmvj QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQ :
Jgfcmsh cigfuifj tjikhjr, wj gjjd ta djvjcap faad jxpcmkmt cigfuifj egawcjdfj. Thms ojigs wj da gjjd ta `umcd up aur egawcjdfj an friooir.
Tise 8 Rravmdj i cmst an rjisags why Jgfcmsh Jgfcmsh cigfuifj tjikhjrs gj gjjd jd ta egaw i`aut friooir. friooir. Mg damgf sa, try ta fmvj saoj thaufht ta thj cjirgjrs” pjrspjktmvj pjrspjktmvj..
Vard kciss Agj an thj t hj nmrst stjps mg djvjcapmgf djvjcapmgf jxpcmkmt iwirjgjss mgvacvjs niomcmirmsmgf yaursjcn wmth thj kaopagjgt pirts an thj friooitmkic friooitmkic systjo. Vj gjjd ta egaw whit dmnnjrjgt friooitmkic friooitmkic kciss wards `jcagf `jcagf ta. Mg athjr wards, wards, irj thjy gaugs, pragaugs, pragaugs, vjr`s, idljktmvjs, idljktmvjs, idvjr`s idvjr`s jtk.1 Vj gjjd ta egaw thjmr ward kciss (igathjr kciss (igathjr tjro nar thms ms pirt ms pirt an spjjkh). spjjkh). Friooir rjnjrjgkj `aaes `aaes kig hjcp yau wmth thms. Hawjvjr, faad dmktmagirmjs dmktmagirmjs irj igathjr saurkj saurkj an thms mgnaroitmag.
Tise = Mdjgtmny thj ugdjrcmgjd wards wards mg thj naccawmgf dmica dmicafuj. fuj. Zsj i friooir rjnjrjgkj rjnjrjgkj `aae ar i dmktmagiry ta hjcp yau wmth thms mn gjkjssiry. I< I Mdjgtmny thj tjgsj giojs an thj ugdjrcmgjd ugdjrcmgjd vjr`s mg thj naccawm naccawmgf gf sjgtjgkjs. ]au wmcc oast cmejcy gjjd ta rjnjr ta i friooir rjnjrjgkj `aae ta hjcp yau. 9. M io hivmgf i rjiccy rjiccy faad tmoj. 0. Vj stappjd stappjd damgf thit yjirs yjirs ifa. ;. 4. :. >. 6. 8.
[hj cmvjs saojwhjrj gjir hjrj. Vj hid `jjg nar i drmge `jnarj wj wj ojt hmo. hmo. Thjsj kaoputjrs irj oidj mg Khmgi. ]au wmcc hivj `jjg hjrj nar 0 diys `y thjg. Mt hippjgjd is M wis drmvmgf haoj. M hivj `jjg njjcmgf ugwjcc nar i whmcj.
Friooir igd ojigmgf Dmnnjrjgt tjgsjs hivj i virmjty virmjty an usjs ar ojigmgfs. Mg oast kisjs, tjgsjs fmvj us saoj mgd mgdmkitmag mkitmag an tmoj rjnjrjgkj. rjnjrjgkj. Nar jxiopcj mg thj sjgtjgkj< sjgtjgkj< M pciyjd squish wmth Cmz yjstjrdiy intjrgaag. thj usj an thj smopcj smopcj pist pist wmth thj vjr` pciyjd vjr` pciyjd smfgics smfgics thit thj iktmag taae pcikj mg thj pist. Hawjvjr, thjrj ms gat icwiys i agj-ta-agj rjcitmagshmp `jtwj `jtwjjg jg tjgsjs igd tthj hj tmoj thjy rjnjr ta. Nar jxiopcj, mg thj t hj naccawmgf qujstmag< Vhit mn M wigtjd ta fa gaw1 thj smopcj pist ms usjd, `ut thj tmoj t moj rjnjrjgkj ms gaw , thj prjsjgt. prjsjgt. Mg thms jxiopcj, jxiopcj, thj smopcj pist his `jjg usjd ta jophismsj ig mdji an hypathjsms. Thj spjiejr ms spjkucitmgf ag i skjgirma thit ms dmnnjrjgt nrao thj rjic prjsjgt. Thjrjnarj, mg thj i`avj qujs qujstmag, tmag, wj kig siy thit thj smopcj pist his `jjg usjd ta shaw dmstigkj nrao nr ao rjicmty rithjr thig dmstigkj nrao thj prjsjgt. Tise 96 Thj naccawmgf jxiopcjs an cigfuifj kagtimg dmnnjrjgt tjgsjs whmkh irj ugdjrcmgjd. Thj gioj an thj tjgsj ms icsa fmvjg. Djkmdj whit thj tmoj rjnjrjgkj an jikh jxiopcj ms igd rjojo`jr thit thj tmoj rjnjrjgkj oiy gat oitkh thj tjgsj gioj. 9. 0. ;. 4. :.
Thj sug wis shmgmgf `rmfhtcy mg thj sey. (pist prafrjssmvj prafrjssmvj). ). Thjy”cc hivj nmgmshjd nmgmshjd ware ware ag thj `rmdfj `rmdfj `y thjg. (nuturj pjrnjkt pjrnjkt smopcj) smopcj) [hj”s `jjg `jjg waremgf waremgf mg thj firdjg firdjg icc icc oargmgf. oargmgf. (prjsjgt pjrnjkt prafrjssmvj) prafrjssmvj) Hivj yau fat i omgutj1 M wis wagdjrmgf whjthjr wj kaucd hivj i ward. (pist prafrjssmvj) Thjy awg awg oast an thj cigd cigd iraugd iraugd hjrj. hjrj. (prjsjgt smopcj)
Rrjsjgt prafrjssmvj Mg ardjr ta jxpcarj friooitmkic ojigmgf mg oarj djtimc, wj wmcc caae it agj jxiopcj< thj prjsjgt prafrjssmvj tjgsj.
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQ 99
Tise 98 •
Vhit iuxmcmiry iuxmcmiry vjr` ms usjd usjd ta krjitj krjitj thj prjsjgt prjsjgt prafrjssmvj1 prafrjssmvj1 naro an thj cjxmkic cjxmkic vjr` an an thj prjsjgt prafrjssmvj1 prafrjssmvj1 • Vhit ms thj naro
Thj naccawmgf dmicafuj dmicafuj kagtimgs jxiopcjs jxiopcjs an thj prjsjgt prafrjssmvj. prafrjssmvj. (G.@. thj guo`jrs it thj `jfmggmgf an jikh cmgj irj usjd nar jisj an rjnjrjgkj). 9. 0. ;. 4. :. >.
I< Vhit irj yau up ta1 @< Kig”t yau sjj1 M”o studymgf. I< @ut mt”s thj wjjejgd. @armgf! @< ]jih, wjcc, M”vj fat ta. I< Vhy”s thit1 @< M”o damgf i rjiccy mgtjgsmvj kaursj it thj oaojgt.
Mg cmgj 0, thj prjsjgt prafrjssmvj ms usjd ta tice i`aut ig iktmag thit tiejs pcikj mg thj oaojgt an spjiemgf . [pjiejr @ his i `aae mg hjr higd igd ms studymgf. @y kagtrist, thj jxiopcj an thj prjsjgt prafrjssmvj mg cmgj > rjnjrs ta tmoj iraugd thj oaojgt an spjiemgf. Thj dmicafuj tiejs pcikj durmgf thj wjjejgd igd spjiejr @ ms kcjircy gat it skhaac whjg shj mgdmkitjs thit shj ms naccawmgf i kaursj. Thj iktmag an damgf thj kaursj ms kaursj ms saojthmgf thit ms hippjgmgf mg spjiejr I”s cmnj, jvjg mn shj ms gat ittjgdmgf thj kaursj mg thj oaojgt an spjiemgf. Djspmtj thj soicc dmnnjrjgkjs mg ojigmgf `jtwjjg thj twa jxiopcjs, mt ms passm`cj ta gatj smomcirmtmjs mg ojigmgf. @ath iktmags suffjst ig mdji an ag-famgf duritmag duritmag igd igd `ath kig `j pjrkjmvjd is iktmags an cmomtjd duritmag. duritmag. Mt ms gat jxpjktjd jxpjktjd thjy wmcc wmcc kagtmguj narjvjr.
Tise 9= Caae it thj naccawmgf omgm-dmicafujs `jcaw igd djkmdj thj tmoj rjnjrjgkj ar usj an thj ugdjrcmgjd jxiopcjs an thj prjsjgt prafrjssmvj. I< Haw i`aut famgf ta i oavmj thms jvjgmgf1 @< M kig”t. M”o ojjtmgf Ludy nar i drmge. I< Vhjrj”s Tagy1 @< M dag”t egaw whjrj hj”s fat ta. I< Hj”s icwiys ruggmgf citj. I< Mt wis citj it gmfht igd dire igd M wis ag oy wiy `ike ta thj hatjc. [uddjgcy, M nmgd M”o wicemgf dawg thj strjjt icc ag oy awg igd M kig hjir thj saugd an naatstjps …
Mg ardjr ta djtjromgj thj usj ar ojigmgf an tjgsjs, mt hjcps ta caae it thjo mg kagtjxt, jvjg mn mt ms i qujstmag an twa cmgjs cmgjs an kagvjrsitmag. kagvjrsitmag. Thj sjgtjgkj M”o ojjtmgf Ludy nar i drmge kcjircy kcjircy his nuturj tmoj rjnjrjgkj mg thj i`avj dmicafuj. Hawjvjr, caae it thj naccawmgf dmicafuj thit tiejs pcikj mg `ir< I< Pmkhird! Haw irj yau1 Vhit irj yau damgf hjrj1 @< M”o ojjtmgf Ludy nar i drmge. (@ gads mg thj dmrjktmag an i ti`cj whjrj Ludy ms smttmgf.) Mg thms kagtjxt, thj prjsjgt prafrjssmvj ms `jmgf usjd ta tice i`aut ig iktmag thit tiejs pcikj it thj oaojgt an spjiemgf. QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQ 90
Tise 02 Vhit ms thj pra`cjo wmth thj naccawmgf jxiopcjs1 9. Hj”s hivmgf hivmgf i `rathjr `rathjr igd igd i smstjr. 0. M”o cmemgf thms mkj krjio. ;. Vhit irj yau thmgemgf an yaur gjw la`1 4. Thms siukj ms cikemgf sict.
@
^aki`uciry
[jktmag @ an thms ugmt imos ta< t a< •
hmfhcmfht dmnnjrjgt ispjkts an thj ojigmgf an wards • kcirmny ejy njiturjs an ward naroitmag. Vards igd dmktmagirmjs
Vhjg wj kaoj ikrass wards thit wj da gat egaw thj ojigmgf an, wj antjg caae mg dmktmagirmjs ta nmgd aut thj ojigmgf. Dmktmagirmjs Dmktmagirm js kig `j i usjnuc saurkj an mgnaroitmag i`aut wards nar gitmvj spjiejrs igd cjirgjrs an Jgfcmsh. Tise 09 Oiej i cmst an whit jxtri mgnaroitmag dmktmagirmjs dmktmagirmjs kig pravmdj i`aut wards ipirt nrao thj ojigmgf. Mt waucd `j i faad mdji ta rjnjr ta i dmktmagiry ta hjcp yau.
Vhmcj yau omfht hivj i rjisagi`cy faad ugdjrstigdmgf an wards mg Jgfcmsh, usmgf i dmktmagiry kig pravmdj yau wmth i djjpjr egawcjdfj an wards igd haw thjy irj usjd mg spaejg ar wrmttjg cigfuifj ar `ath. Dmktmagirmjs irj ig mgvicui`cj taac nar ig Jgfcmsh cigfuifj tjikhjr. Ojigmgfs Cjirgjrs an Jgfcmsh usuiccy cmej cjirgmgf vaki`uciry `jkiusj wards antjg fjgjritj kcjir ojigmgf jvjg whjg thjy irj ugsurj an thj friooir. I gag-gitmvj spjiejr wha fajs mgta i kiní igd siys Kannjj pcjisj wmcc pcjisj wmcc oast cmejcy sukkjjd mg a`timgmgf i kup an kannjj djspmtj thj nikt hj ar shj dmd gat siy Kig M hivj i kup an kannjj pcjisj1 Hawjvjr, whmcj wards irj pawjrnuc igd usjnuc ugmts an ojigmgf, thjy kig saojtmojs `j pra`cjoitmk. Oigy wards hivj oarj thig agj ojigmgf igd saojtmojs djnmgmgf jxiktcy whit i ward ojigs kig `j kaopcjx.
Tise 00 Mg thj naccawmgf sjgtjgkjs, sjgtjgkjs, thjrj ms i vaki`uciry jrrar an saoj emgd. Mdjgtmny igd djskrm`j thj pra`cjo. 9. Hj”s thj hmfhjst pjrsag mg thj niomcy `y oarj thig 0 kjgtmojtrjs. kjgtmojtr js. 0. M thmge M”cc fa ta `jd `jd gaw. gaw. M”o njjcmgf njjcmgf i cmttcj jgjrvitjd. jgjrvitjd. QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQ 9;
;. Mt ms ig jxtrjojcy faad jssiy. Thj mdjis mg mtmt irj armfmgic igd prjtjgtmaus. prjtjgtma us. 4. Hjr frigdnithjr fivj hjr i cavmgf scip ag hjr nikj. :. Jvjry diy M cmej ta fa naatmgf intjr ware. ware. Mt”s faad jxjrkmsj igd mt hjcps hjcps oj ta rjcix.
Vhjg thmgemgf i`aut thj ojigmgf an wards mg Jgfcmsh, wj antjg gjjd ta kagsmdjr dmnnjrjgt ispjkts an ojigmgf. Thj nmrst thmgf thmgf ta thmge i`aut i`aut ms whit thj ward ojigs. ojigs. Mg athjr wards, wards, whit ms i smopcj djnmgmtmag an djnmgmtmag an thj ward is wj waucd nmgd mg i dmktmagiry. Thms ms thj sjoigtmk ojigmgf. ojigmgf. Vj omfht icsa gjjd ta thmge i`aut haw wj waucd typmkiccy usj thms ward. Nar jxiopcj, ms mt i naroic ward, i gjutric ward ar i cjss naroic igd oarj kaccaqumic ward1 Nar jxiopcj, mg sjgtjgkj 0, jgjrvitjd ms i oarj naroic ward thig tmrjd igd saugds strigfj mg ig jvjrydiy kagvjrsitmag. kagvjrsit mag. Thms ms whit ms kiccjd thj rjfmstjr an thj ward. Vmth saoj wards mt ms mopartigt ta thmge i`aut whjthjr thj ward his i pasmtmvj ar gjfitmvj ojigmgf. Nar jxiopcj, mg sjgtjgkj ; i`avj, wj kig siy thit prjtjgtmaus thit prjtjgtmaus his his i oarj gjfitmvj ojigmgf thig thj ward kcjvjr . Thms ms whit wj kicc kaggatitmag kaggatitmag.. Nmgiccy, mt ms saojtmojs usjnuc ta thmge whit whit wards fa tafjthjr wmth athjr ward wards. s. Mg sjgtjgkj 9 i`avj, dajs gat fa tafjthjr wmth pjapcj wmth pjapcj.. Mt ms oarj oarj typmkiccy usjd wmth wmth `umcdmgfs. `umcdmgfs. Mt ms `jttjr `jttjr ta usj thj hmfh dajs hmfh ward ticc whjg ticemgf i`aut pjapcj. Thms ms egawg is kaccakitmag kaccakitmag..
Tise 0; Mg thj naccawmgf n accawmgf sjgtjgkjs, sjgtjgkjs, yau kig nmgd thj naccawmgf jxiopcjs an kaccakitmag< 0 vjr`-gaug kaccakitmags5 9 vjr`-prjpasmtmag vjr`-prjpasmtmag kaccakitmag5 9 idljktmvj-gaug kaccakitmag5 ; idvjr`-idljktmvj idvjr`-idljk tmvj kaccakitmags. Zgdjrcmgj igd mdjgtmny mdjgtmny thjsj dmnnjrjgt jxiopcjs. jxiopcjs. Gatj< saoj sjgtjgkjs kag kagtimg timg oarj thig agj kaccakitmag. 9. 0. ;. 4. :.
Gat agcy wis hj gmkj, `ut hj wis icsa strmemgfcy strmemgf cy higdsaoj. Intjr hj fat up, hj oidj hms `jd igd dmd saoj hausjware. Mt wis i`sacutjcy ni`ucaus! Thjy `ath rjiccy djpjgd ag jikh athjr. Thjmr nirjwjcc it thj imrpart wis hmfhcy joatmagic.
>. [hj wis wis kiufht kiufht mg i vmkmaus vmkmaus kmrkcj.
Ta suooirmsj, mg ardjr ta `j i`cj ta siy wj egaw thj ojigmgf an i ward, wj gjjd ta thmge i`aut thj naccawmgf< •
sjoigtmk ojigmgf • rjfmstjr • kaggatitmag • kaccakitmag
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K
Rhagacafy
[jktmag K an thms ugmt imos ta< •
kcirmny ejy tjromgacafy issakmitjd wmth pragugkmitmag • hmfhcmfht thj racj phagacafy his ta pciy mg Jgfcmsh cigfuifj tjikhmgf rjcitmagsh mp `jtwjjg saugds igd phagjomk skrmpt • jxjopcmny thj rjcitmagshmp mccustrit j strjss mg mgdmvmduic wards. • mccustritj Avjrvmjw Rhagacafy ms igathjr tjro nar pragugkmitmag. Rhagacafy ms rjcitjd ta thj ‘gamsjs” wj pradukj whjg wj spjie Jgfcmsh. Thms mgkcudjs gat agcy mg mgdmvmduic dmvmduic saugds, saugds, `ut icsa dmnnjrjgt rhythos igd thj wiy aur vamkjs rmsj igd nicc.
Tise 04 Oitkh thj tjros 9-; wmth thj djnmgmtmags I-K. 9. strjss 0. phagjoj ;. mgtagitmag I. thj ousmk an aur vamkjs vamkjs @. fmvmgf jophisms ta agj sycci`cj K. ig mgdmvmduic saugd
Mt ms mopartigt ta nakus n akus ag phagacafy mg thj kcissraao `jkiusj `jkiusj mt kig cjid ta `rjiedawgs mg kaoougmkitmag `jtwjjg gag-gitmvj spjiejrs igd gitmvj spjiejrs, ar `jtwjjg twa gag-gitmvj spjiejrs kagvjrsmgf mg Jgfcmsh.
Tise 0: Oitkh thj pra`cjos 9-; wmth thj autkaojs I-K. 9. ig mgdmvmduic saugd ms omspragaugkjd omspragaugkjd 0. i rjqujst ms oidj wmth vjry ncit mgtagitmag ;. thj wragf wragf sycci`cj sycci`cj ms strjssjd mg i ward ward I. thj ward ms mgkaoprjhjgsm`cj mgkaoprjhjgsm`cj @. thj cmstjgjr omfht omfht ugdjrstigd ‘`mg” ‘`mg” whjg thj spjiejr spjiejr wigtjd ta siy ‘pmg” K. thj spjiejr kig saugd irrafigt igd djoigdmgf
Mgdmvmduic saugds Mg igy cigfuifj wj kig mdjgtmny i sjt an ojigmgfnuc saugds saugds ( (vawjcs vawjcs igd kagsagigts kagsagigts)) thit wj kicc phagjojs phagjojs. Nar jxiopcj, thjanvawjc vaw saugds mg igd thj wards 'pmg' igd 'pjg' irj dmnnjrjgt dmnnjrjgt phagjojs5 thj kagsagigts. it thj `jfmggmgf thjjcwards 'pjt' '`jt' irj cmejwmsj phagjojs.
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQ 9:
Jgfcmsh spjccmgf ms qumtj kagnusmgf nar gitmvj spjiejrs igd narjmfg cjirgjrs icmej. Thj naccawmgf wards icc jgd wmth thj cjttjr '-aufh', `ut irj icc pragaugkjd dmnnjrjgtcy< dmnnjrjgtcy< jgaufh, thraufh, tharaufh, kaufh. kaufh. Thms ojigs mt ms mopartigt ta thmge an thj pragugkmitmag an Jgfcmsh mg tjros an phagjojs rithjr thig cjttjrs an thj icphi`jt. Vj antjg usj spjkmic phagjomk spjkmic phagjomk syo`acs syo`acs ta ta rjprjsjgt thj saugds mg Jgfcmsh. Oigy narjmfg cjirgjrs irj niomcmir wmth thjsj syo`acs igd usj thjo is i taac nar cjirgmgf thj pragugkmi pragugkmitmag tmag an gjw wards. Thjy irj icsa kaooagcy naugd mg oast cjirgjrs” Jgfcmsh-Jgfcmsh dmktmagirmjs. Jgfcmsh cigfuifj tjikhjrs icsa gjjd ta `j niomcmir wmth thjo. @jcaw ms i cmst an Jgfcmsh phagjojs wmth ig jxiopcj ward `jsmdj jikh agj. Thj cjttjr(s) ugdjrcmgjd mgdmkitj thj saugd rjnjrrjd ta. ^awjcs - oagathagfs (smgfcj saugds) / / / / / / / / / / / /
hjit fcuj daar pjg stirt f m rc
/ / / / / /
/ / / / / /
hmt put hat kit shut ku kup p an ttj ji ‛ th thj j wjie ‘‘sk skhw hwi i”
/ / / /
/ / / /
diy `ay himr gaw
^awjcs ‛ dmphthagfs (dau`cj saugds) / / / / / / / /
`jjr purj fa pmj
Kagsagigts
pjt tjio khjip emtj nmfht thmge
`jgd daf lamg facd vjry thit `usy tjcjvmsmag gmkj hippy rjd yikht
sjj shjjp oig rmgf cmfht wjt
Zsmgf thjsj syo`acs wj wj kig wrmtj kaopcjtj wards usmgf usmgf phagjomk skrmpt. Caae it thj naccawmgf jxiopcjs (igd gatj thit wards wrmttjg mg phagjomk skrmpt irj wrmttjg `jtwjjg scigtmgf cmgjs)<
oig pmg khjje rmgf oittjr
kup oj shjjp yjs `rathjr
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Tise 0> Vhit irj thjsj wards1 9.
0.
;.
4.
:.
>.
6.
8.
=.
Vard [trjss Icc wards an twa ar oarj oarj sycci`cjs mg Jgfcmsh Jgfcmsh hivj ward ward strjss. Thj strjss kig `j oirejd oirejd `y puttmgf i `ax (ar kmrkcj) avjr thj vawjc saugd mg thj strjssjd sycci`cj. Nar jxiopcj<
mgdmvmduic
rjspagsm`mcmty
jnnjkt
Tise 06 Vhjrj dajs thj strjss nicc ag thj naccawmgf naccawmgf wards1 9. fuirigtjj
0. kivicry
;. ojkhigmsitmag
4. cigfuifj
:. rjtrjit
>. spjkucitmvj
6. sukkjss
8. `icigkj
=. mdjgtmty
92. irtmkucitj (idljktmvj)
Thjrj irj njw (j.f. hird igd nistjcjktmag, rucjs thitdmvmsmag favjrgjtk.) favjrg wardhivj strjss. Agj dajsmoojdmitjcy ware ms thit`jnarj wards thj jgdmgf mg ‛mag (j.f. mg ‛mag stitmag, strjss agrucj tthj hj thit sycci`cj ‛mag sycci`cj. ‛mag sycci`cj. Thms ms thj kisj jvjg nar qumtj cagf wards< mgdustrmicmsitmag Tise 08 9. Oire thj oimg strjss ag thj wards mg thj naccawmgf naccawmgf 'ward niomcy'. Vhy da yau yau thmge gaggitmvj spjiejrs antjg jxpjrmjgkj pra`cjos wmth thjsj wards1 phatafriph
phatafriphy
phatafriphjr
phatafriphmk
0. Oire thj strjss mg thj naccawmgf naccawmgf pimrs pimrs an wards. Kig yau yau mdjgtmny mdjgtmny i pittjrg1 ta rjkard / i rjkard ta prjsjgt / i prjsjgt
ta mgkrjisj / ig mgkrjisj ta mopart / ig mopart
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Vjie naros Thj oast kaooag vawjc saugd mg Jgfcmsh ms thj saugd naugd mg oigy ugstrjssjd sycci`cjs. Mt ms kiccjd thj 'skhwi' igd ms djgatjd `y thj syo`ac / /.
Nar jxiopcj<
nithjr
Thj nmrst sycci`cj ms strjssjd. Thj sjkagd sycci`cj sycci`cj ms ugstrjssjd igd kagtimgs thj w wjie jie saugd.
Tise 0= Zgdjrcmgj thj / / mg thj naccawmgf wards< oathjr
narfjt
iggaugkj
tagmfht
gati`cj
ojgtmag
pitrac
mgdmkitmvj
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[jktmag Cigfuifj ifj [emccs< [emccs< Pjidm Pjidmgf, gf, Cmstjgm Cmstjgmgf, gf, [pjiem [pjiemgf gf igd Vrmtmg Vrmtmgf f [jktmag ; Cigfu I
Pjidmgf
Viys an rjidmgf Vhjg wj rjid mg aur nmrst cigfuifj, wj djpcay i virmjty an rjidmgf semccs djpjgdmgf ag thj giturj an thj tjxt thit wj irj rjidmgf. Thms ojigs wj da gat rjid i `us tmojti`c tmojti`cj j mg thj sioj wiy thit wj rjid i qujstmag mg ig jxio wj wj irj smttmgf. Vhjg wj rjid i `us tmojti`cj, aur jyjs skig thj tjxt mg ardjr ta nmgd ig ippraprmitj djpirturj ar irrmvic tmoj, whmcj wj irj cmejcy ta rjid thj jxio qujstmag mg frjit djtimc ta jgsurj thit wj hivj ugdjrstaad igd mgtjrprjtjd mt karrjktcy.
Tise ;2 Thmge an icc thj tjxts yau hivj rjid sa nir tadiy igd kaoojgt ag thj wiy mg whmkh yau hivj rjid thjsj tjxts.
Typmkiccy, gitmvj spjiejr spjiejr rjidjrs djpcay dmnnjrjgt dmnnjrjgt rjidmgf su`-semccs whjg whjg thjy ippraikh tjxts. Vj da gat da thms is i kagskmaus prakjss, `ut wj da mt spagtigjauscy mg rjiktmag ta thj typj an tjxt wj irj rjidmgf. Kaooag tjromgacafy issakmitjd wmth rjidmgf su`-semccs ms is naccaws< [kig rjidmgf
whjg yau rjid ta nmgd i spjkmnmk pmjkj an mgnaroitmag mgnaroitm ag
[emo/fmst rjidmgf whjg yau rjid ta fjt thj avjricc mdji an i tjxt Mgtjgsmvj/djtimcjd Mgtjgsmvj/djtimcj d rjidmgf whjg yau rjid ta fjt i cat an mgnaroitmag nrao i tjxt Pjidmgf ta mgnjr
whjg wj rjid ta ugdjrstigd i wrmtjr”s mopcmkmt ojssifj mg i tjxt
Tise ;9 @jcaw irj saoj dmnnjrjgt dmnnjrjgt tjxt typjs. Thmge i`aut whmkh an thj i`avj i`avj rjidmgf su`-semccs wj wj waucd usj ta rjid thjsj tjxts. 9. 0. ;. 4.
Ig ikidjomk irtmkcj wj wj gjjd ta rjid nar ig jssiy wj irj wrmtmgf. I tjcjphagj dmrjktary. Thj jdmtarmic an i gjwspipjr ag i tapmk wj kirj i`aut i cat. Ig idvjrtmsjojg idvjrtmsjojgtt nar i la` thit omfht `j sumti`cj.
Vhjg pjapcj rjid mg i cigfuifj thit ms gat thjmr nmrst cigfuifj, cigfuifj, thjy antjg narfjt ta usj ippraprmitj cigfuifj semccs igd wmcc rjid icc tjxts mg i frjit djic an djtimc. Thjy irj icsa cmejcy ta avjrusj `mcmgfuic dmktmagirmjs, piusmgf mg thjmr rjidmgf jvjry tmoj thjy nmgd i ward thjy da gat ugdjrstigd.
Tise ;0 •
Vhit pra`cjos irj thjrj wmth thms wiy an rjidmgf1 rjidmgf1
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@
Cmstjgmgf
Viys an cmstjgmgf Cjirgjrs antjg kaoojgt kaoojgt thit thjy nmgd rjidmgf tjxts jismjr thi thig g cmstjgmgf ta tjxts. (‘Tjxt” hjrj ojigs igythmgf nrao i kagvjrsitmag avjrhjird ta i ridma gjws `raidkist.)
Tise ;; •
Oiej i cmst an rjisags why yau thmge thmge gag-gitmvj gag-gitmvj spjiejrs spjiejrs omfht omfht nmgd cmstjgmgf oarj khiccjgfmgf thig rjidmgf.
Is ms thj kisj wmth wmth rjidmgf, wj da gat gat icwiys cmstjg ta jvjrythmgf jvjrythmgf mg thj sioj sioj wiy. Thj wiy mg whmkh whmkh wj cmstjg ms djtjromgjd `y whit wj irj cmstjgmgf ta, aur oatmvitmag nar cmstjgmgf igd whjrj wj irj cmstjgmgf.. Nar jxiopcj, yau omfht `j ag i `us cmstjgmgf ta twa pjapcj fassmpmgf i`aut i ware cmstjgmgf kaccjifuj wha yau yau da gat egaw. Mg thms smtuitmag, yau irj cmejcy ta tugj mg igd aut an thj kagvj kagvjrsitmag rsitmag ar mfgarj mt icc tafjthjr. Hawjvjr, mn yau rjkafgm rjkafgmsj sj thj gioj an thjmr kaccjifuj ig igd d thj fassmp saugds pirtmkucircy mgtjrjstmgf, yau irj cmejcy ta cmstjg oarj kirjnuccy (ugcjss yau njjc mt waucd `j sakmiccy mgippraprmitj ta da sa).
Tise ;4 •
Thmge an thrjj dmnnjrjgt smtuitmags mg whmkh yau cmstjgjd tadiy. Oiej i gatj an wha yau wjrj cmstjgmgf ta, yaur oatmvitmag nar cmstjgmgf igd djskrm`j haw yau cmstjgjd.
Icc an thj i`avj suffjsts suffjsts thit cmstjgmg cmstjgmgf f ms smomcir ta rjidmgf rjidmgf mg thj wiy thit thjrj irj dmnnjrjgt dmnnjrjgt su`semccs thit wj usj whjg wj cmstjg. cmstjg. Vj kig oarj ar cjss usj thj sioj ci`jcs< • [kig cmstjgmgf • [emo/fmst cmstjgmgf • Mgtjgsmvj cmstjgmgf • Cmstjgmgf ta mgnjr ojigmgf
Tise ;: Oitkh thj i`avj cmstjgmgf su`-semccs ta thj t hj naccawmgf cmstjgmgf tjxts. 9. I cjkturj nar i kaursj kaursj yau irj irj tiemgf it ugmvjrsmty. ugmvjrsmty. 0. I sicjs pmtkh nar i kaoputjr kaoputjr thit dajsg”t dajsg”t rjiccy rjiccy mgtjrjst yau. Hawjvjr, Hawjvjr, yau irj it ware igd yau kig”t lust wice aut. ;. Iggaugkjojgts Iggaugkjojgts it i trimg stitmag whjg whjg yau irj wimtmgf wimtmgf ta hjir thj tmoj tmoj an thj gjxt trimg ta yaur djstmgitmag. 4. Mgstruktmags nrao yaur `ass nar i gjw tise thit ms krmtmkic krmtmkic nar yaur yaur la`. :. Ig mgtjrvmjw wmth saojagj wha ms nioaus igd whasj pacmtmkic apmgmag yau waucd cmej ta nmgd aut i`aut. >. I ridma prafriooj ag i tapmk thit ms omcdcy mgtjrjstmgf nar yau.
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K
[pjiemgf
Viys an spjiemgf Vhjg wj ise i`aut saojagj”s i`mcmty mg i sjkagd cigfuifj, thj usuic wiy an khjkemgf thms ms `y siymgf –Da yau spjie …1‟. Thms suffjsts thit spaejg cigfuifj ms sjjg is thj oast mopartigt an icc thj cigfuifj semccs. Antjg cjirgjrs wha hivj studmjd Jgfcmsh nar twa yjirs (ar oarj) mg thjmr haoj kaugtrmjs irj stmcc gat i`cj ta rjiccy spjie Jgfcmsh. Thjy wmcc antjg kaopcimg `y siymgf thit thjmr prjvmaus cjirgmgf wis vjry friooir-nakusjd igd thit thjy irj gat vjry ‘ncujgt” mg Jgfcmsh.
Tise ;> •
Thmge i`aut i`aut thms dmspirmty dmspirmty `jtwjjg `jtwjjg 0 yjirs” yjirs” study an i cigfuifj cigfuifj igd i cike an i`mcmty ta spjie. Vhy da yau yau thmge thms hippjgs1 hippjgs1
Vhmcj friooir ms mopartigt, studjgts gjjd ta cjirg haw ta iktmvitj thjmr pissmvj friooitmkic egawcjdfj `y wiy an aric priktmkj an friooir. It thj sioj tmoj, thjy gjjd ta `j i`cj ta priktmsj spjiemgf ncujgtcy wmthaut wmthaut warrymgf taa oukh i`aut i`aut friooir. Thj imo ms nar thjo ta nakus ag thj ojssifj igd ag kaoougmkitmgf jnnjktmvjcy. Tise ;6 Caae it thj naccawmgf jxiopcjs an cjirgjr cigfuifj igd djkmdj whjthjr thj studjgt his oigifjd ta kaoougmkitj sukkjssnuccy ar gat. 9. 0. ;. 4.
Kaucd M pcjisj hivj i ….1 (cjirgjr fjstmkucitjs, mgdmkitmgf hj ms ugsurj an thj ward) ]au kaoj oy hausj tagmfht1 (simd wmth rmsmgf mgtagitmag) ]jstjrdiy faad tmoj. Gjxt wjje wj sjj, ga1 (cjirgjr somcjs) I< Haw cagf hivj yau `jjg mg Gjw \jicigd1 @< M stiy hjrj : wjjes.
Oast gitmvj spjiejr aric mgtjriktmag kig usuiccy `j djskrm`jd is trigsiktmagic ar mgtjriktmagic. Trigsiktmagic kaoougmkitmag tiejs pcikj whjg yau wigt thj pjrsag yau irj iddrjssmgf ta da saojthmgf is i rjsuct an thj kaoougmkitmag. kaoougmkitmag. Nar jxiopcj, yau oiy wigt wigt ta nmgd aut mgnaroitmag, `uy i pradukt ar fjt njjd`ike ag saoj emgd emgd an tise thit yau hivj pjrnarojd. Kagvjrsjcy, Kagvjrsjcy, mgtjriktmagic kaoougmkitmag kaoougmkitma g nucnmcs i oarj sakmic racj. ]au oiy lust wigt ta khit wmth i nrmjgd ar oiej soicc tic tice e wmth i kaccjifuj. Tise ;8 Djkmdj mn thj naccawmgf djskrmptmags an kagvjrsitmags kagvjrsitmags irj trigsiktmagic ar mgtjriktmagic. 9. 0. ;. 4.
]au ]au ]au ]au
ise i kaccjifuj mn s/hj waucd omgd hjcpmgf yau wmth saojthmgf. annjr ta kaccjkt yaur gjmfh`aur”s oimc whmcj whmcj s/hj ms iwiy ag hacmdiy. kaoojgt ag thj wjithjr ta ig ikquimgtigk ikquimgtigkj j it i `us stap. vmsmt i nrmjgd igd spjgd spjgd tmoj idomrmgf idomrmgf igd ticemgf i`aut i`aut hms/hjr firdjg. firdjg.
:. ]au pirtmkmpitj mg mg i ugmvjrsmty fraup fraup tutarmic thit ms us usjnuc jnuc nar ig jssiy yau yau irj wrmtmgf. >. ]au fa aut wmth yaur `ass igd athjr kaccjifujs nar i drmge igd i khit intjr ware. QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQ 09
[aoj cjirgjrs irj ugsurj an thj vicuj an damgf spjiemgf ncujgky iktmvmtmjs mg thj kcissraao. Thjy njjc thit thj tjikhjr shaucd kcasjcy kcasjcy oagmtar igd karrjkt thjmr spa spaejg ejg cigfuifj it icc tmojs. Vhjg tjikhmgf fraups an `jtwjjg 92 igd 02 cjirgjrs wha wmcc saojtmojs ware mg pimrs igd soicc fraups durmgf thj cjssag, thms emgd an oagmtarmgf oagmtarmgf igd njjd`ike njjd`ike ms saojtmojs dmnnmkuct ag i priktmkic cj cjvjc. vjc. It thj sioj tmoj, thjrj t hjrj ms icsa vicuj nar cjirgjrs mg hivmgf spjiemgf ncujgky priktmkj.
Tise ;= •
D
Oiej i cmst an rjisags why yau thmge thmge spjiemgf spjiemgf ncujgky ncujgky priktmkj priktmkj kaucd hjcp cjirgjrs” cjirgjrs” cigfuifj djvjcapojgt.
Vrmtmgf
Dmnnjrjgkjs `jtwjjg wrmttjg igd spaejg Jgfcmsh [paejg igd wrmttjg Jgfcmsh Jgfcmsh dmnnjr mg oigy wiys. Mt ms gat passm`cj ta siy thit wrmttjg cigfui cigfuifj fj ms lust spaejg cigfuifj wrmttjg dawg. Kagvjrsjcy, spaejg cigfuifj ms gat cmej saoj emgd an aric skrmpt thit ms icrjidy ‘wrmttjg” mg aur hjids. Mt ms tjoptmgf ta siy thit wrmttjg cigfuifj ms oarj arfigmsjd thig spaejg cigfuifj. Hawjvjr, ippcmjd cmgfumsts waucd dmsputj thms igd siy thit spaejg cigfuifj ojrjcy his dmnnjrjgt arfigmsitmag nrao wrmttjg cigfuifj. [aoj pjapcj siy thit wrmttjg cigfuifj ms oarj naroic thig spaejg cigfuifj. cigfuifj. Hawjvjr, Hawjvjr, i tjxt ojssifj sjgt nrao i oa`mcj phagj (wrm (wrmttjg ttjg cigfuifj) ms cmejcy ta `j nir cjss naroic thig t hig i pircmiojgtiry dj`itj (spaejg cigfuifj).
Tise 42 Vhmkh an thj naccawmgf khiriktjrmstmks waucd yau issakmitj wmth spaejg cigfuifj ([) igd whmkh wmth wrmttjg cigfuifj (V). 9. 0. ;. 4.
Mgkcudjs fjsturj fjsturj igd nikmic jxprjssmag jxprjssmag ta `ike up thj ojssifj. ojssifj. Zsjs pugktuitmag pugktuitmag ta oiej thj kagtjgt jismjr jismjr ta ugdjrstigd. ugdjrstigd. Mgkcudjs hjsmtitmag hjsmtitmag djvmkjs djvmkjs igd nmccjrs nmccjrs sukh is ‘yjih”, ‘uoo”, ‘uoo”, ‘ih” jtk. Thj kaoougmkitar kaoougmkitar usuiccy usuiccy fjts moojdmitj moojdmitj njjd`ike nrao thj pjrsag thjy irj kaoougmkitmgf wmth. :. Ms usuiccy prj-prjpirjd, prj-prjpir jd, icthaufh j-oimc igd tjxt ojssifjs antjg irj gat. >. Zsjs piusjs, strjss igd mgtagitmag ta shaw whjrj mdjis `jfmg igd jgd. 6. Ms spagtigjaus spagtigjaus igd pciggmgf pciggmgf usuiccy usuiccy tiejs pcikj pcikj mg thj oaojgt an kaoougmkitmgf. kaoougmkitmgf. 8. [uffjsts thit ojigmgf ms stitmk mg thj kaoougmkitmag, kaoougmkitmag, icthaufh apjg apjg ta mgtjrprjtitmag. mgtjrprjtitmag. =. Thj kaoougmkitar oiy gjvjr nmgd aut whit thj pjrsag hj ms kaoougmkitmgf wmth thmges an hms ojssifj. 92. Mgkcudjs hjidcmgjs, dmnnjrjgt typj smzjs igd kacaurs ta jghigkj thj kagtjgt. 99. Ms usuiccy soaath-ncawmgf. soaath-ncawmgf. 90. Mgvacvjs gjfatmitmag an ojigmgf `jtwjjg thj kaoougmkitar igd thj pjrsag thjy irj kaoougmkitmgf wmth.
Vrmtmgf icsa mgvacvjs oigy omkra-semccs sukh is karrjkt cjttjr naroitmag (arthafriphy), (arthafriphy), spjccmgf igd pugktuitmag.
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Tise 49 Caae it thj cjirgjr jrrars mg thj sjgtjgkjs `jcaw. Mdjgtmny Mdjgtmn y thj omstiejs igd try ta djkmdj why thj cjirgjr oidj thjsj omstiejs. 9. 0. ;. 4.
[hj thraufh thj `icc hird sa mt hurt whjg whjg M kaurt kaurt mt. Oy `rthjr cmvs mg [wjdg. Hawjvjr, hird M try mt gjvjr gjvjr wares. nmrst an icc hj mgvmtjd oj ta smt dawg intjr thit hj a annjrjd nnjrjd oj i kannjj M wis v vjry jry surprmsjd `y `y hms pacmtjgjss
Thjsj semccs kig `j pirtmkucircy khiccjgfmgf nar cjirgjrs whasj nmrst cigfuifj dajs gat hivj i Paoig skrmpt, nar jxiopcj, Iri`mk igd Khmgjsj spjiejrs.
Tise 40 9. Caae it thj siopcjs siopcjs an cjirgjrs” wrmtmgf wrmtmgf `jcaw igd igd mdjgtmny thj dmnnmkuctmjs dmnnmkuctmjs jgkaugtjrjd jgkaugtjrjd `y thjsj cjirgjrs igd athjr cjirgjrs whasj nmrst cigfuifj da gat hivj i Paoig skrmpt. 0. [uffjst saoj iktmvmtmjs thit thit tjikhjrs kig usj ta hjcp hjcp studjgts ta djvjcap `ismk `ismk wrmtmgf semccs.
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[jktmag 4 Rciggmgf igd Pjsaurkjs I
Rciggmgf igd prjpiritmag
Rrjpirit mag igd pciggmgf irj mopartigt pirts an i tjikhjr”s racj. Cjssags irj oarj cmejcy ta `j Rrjpiritmag jnnjktmvj mn thj tjikhjr his thaufht thaufht thraufh thj virmaus ispjk ispjkts ts an thj cjssag `jnarjhigd. `jnarjhigd. Mt ms icsa mopartigt ta krjitj i wrmttjg cjssag pcig is i fumdjcmgj nar whit shaucd hippjg mg i cjssag. Ag thj KJCTI kaursj yau wmcc `j isejd ta pcig nar yaur tjikhmgf mg kaapjritmag wmth athjr trimgjjs. ]au wmcc `j rjqumrjd ta pradukj i wrmttjg pcig nar oast an thj cjssags yau tjikh. Thj cjssag pcig Cjssag pcig naroits irj virmjd. Oast pcigs kagtimg saoj an thj pamgts `jcaw< 9.
Cjssag imos/cjirgmgf imos/cjirgmgf autkaojs
whit thj cjirgjrs shaucd `j i`cj ta da `y thj jgd an thj cjssag
0.
Igtmkmpitjd pra`cjos igd sacutmags
irjis yau thmge oiy kiusj dmnnmkucty nar yaur cjirgjrs igd yaur sacutmags
;.
Rjrsagic imo
saoj irji an yaur tjikhmgf yau wigt ta mopravj mg thms cjssag
4.
[tifj
i pirt an thj cjssag
:.
Rrakjdurj
whit studjgts/tjikhjr irj damgf it igy pirtmkucir stifj an thj cjssag
>.
Mgtjriktmag pittjrg
thj dmrjktmag an thj kaoougmkitmag (tjikhjr ta studjgts/studjgts ta studjgts)
6.
[tifj imo
thj rjisag nar damgf thms stifj an thj cjssag igd haw mt rjcitjs ta thj avjricc imo an thj cjssag
Tise 4; @jcaw irj saoj jxtrikts nrao cjssag pcigs. Djkmdj whmkh pirt an thj cjssag pcig (9-6 i`avj) thjy oiy kaoj nrao. Jxtrikt i. M”d cmej ta somcj oarj igd krjitj i `jttjr rippart rippart tadiy.
Rra`i`cy nrao
`. [tudjgts Q [tudjgts mg pimrs k. @y thj jgd an thj cjssag studjgts wmcc wmcc `j i`cj ta usj i rigfj an idljktmvjs ta djskrm`j saojagj”s pjrsagicmty. d. Tjikhjr higds higds aut tjxt igd fmvjs i dmnnjrjgt sjt sjt an qujstmags ta jikh fraup. j. [aoj studjgts studjgts oiy nmgd thj pragugkmi pragugkmitmag tmag an sjvjric wards qumtj dmnnmkuct. M oust oiej surj surj M usj cats cats an rjpjtmtmag. n.
Ta fjt studjgts studjgts mgtjrjstjd mg thj tapmk an thj cmstjgmgf tjxt.
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@
Pjsaurkjs
Mg yaur tjikhmgf smtuitmag yau wmcc hivj saoj rjsaurkjs ivimci`cj ta yau. Thj rigfj wmcc viry igd djpjgd ag whjrj yau irj tjikhmgf. @jcaw ms i cmst an passm`cj rjsaurkjs yau oiy `j i`cj ta usj. Oitkh thjo ta thjmr usjs.
Tise 44 Pjsaurkj
Kig `j usjd nar
9. Ru` Ru`cm cmsh shjd jd kaurs aursj j`aa `aae
i. Jgk gkau auri rifm fmgf gf st stud udj jgt gts s ta jxpig pigd th thjm jmrr vaki ki`u `uci ciry ry igd ta nmgd aut i`aut gjw wards ag thjmr awg
0. Kiss ssj jtt ttj j ar KD pci ciy yjr
`. Djvjca capm pmg gf stud tudjgt gts” s” i`mc `mcmt mty y ta rji rjid rji rjic tj tjx xts
;. Gjwsp jwspi ipjrs pjrs mg Jgfc gfcmsh msh
k. Fm Fmv vmgf stud studj jgts ware are whmkh hmkh ki kig g `j ti timc mcar arj jd ta th thj jmr mgdmvmduic gjjds
4. Mgtjrgjt
d. Djvjcapmgf studjgts” i`mcmty ta cmstjg ta iuthjgtmk spjjkh
:. Avjrhj Avjrhjid id Rraljk Rraljktar tar (AHR) (AHR)
j. Nmgdm Nmgdmgf gf mgnaro mgnaroitm itmag ag ag i pi pirtm rtmkuc kucir ir tap tapmk mk irji irji igd djvjcapmgf rjidmgf semccs
>. Vhmtj`aird
n.
6. T^/ridma
f. Djvjcapmgf studjgts” cmstjgmgf semccs wmth spjkmiccy prjpirjd ar rjic oitjrmics
8. Tjik Tjikhj hjr” r”s s awg awg oitj oitjrm rmic ics s
h. Vrm Vrmtm tmgf gf daw dawg gjw gjw wards ards na narr st stud udjg jgts ts ta na naku kus s ag, ag, oiemgf thj naro, ojigmgf ar pragugkmitmag pragugkmitmag njiturjs an i cigfuifj irji kcjir
=. Dmktmagirmjs
m.
Djvjcapmgf studjgts” cigfuifj igd semccs mg i strukturjd wiy igd iccawmgf thjo ta rjvmjw it haoj
[hawmgf prj-prjpirjd ware ag i cirfj skrjjg nar kcirmty
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[jktmag : Djvj [jktmag Djvjcapmg capmgf f Tjikhmgf Tjikhmgf [emcc [emccs s igd igd Rranjssm Rranjssmagicm agicmso so I
Djvjcapmgf Tjikhmgf [emccs
Mg thj Tjikhmgf Rriktmkj sjssmags ag thj KJCTI kaursj yau wmcc `j jgkaurifjd ta djvjcap dmnnjrjgt tjikhmgf semccs igd yau wmcc gjjd ta djoagstritj kaopjtjgkj mg oigifmgf igd arfigmsmgf thj cjirgmgf jgvmragojgt. Tjikhjr cigfuifj Djpjgdmgf ag thj fraup yau tjikh, yaur cjirgjrs wmcc hivj dmnnjrjgt cjvjcs an cigfuifj semccs. It icc cjvjcs mt ms mopartigt ta thmge i`aut yaur awg cigfuifj usj mg thj kcissraao. Thms ms `jkiusj yau sjrvj is ig jxiopcj an thj cigfuifj thjy irj trymgf ta cjirg ‛ yau pravmdj i cigfuifj oadjc, sa mt ms mopartigt ta `j ikkuritj. Mg iddmtmag, yau wmcc gjjd ta fridj ar oadmny yaur cigfuifj sa thit cjirgjrs wmcc ugdjrstigd thj cigfuifj yau usj ta oigifj thj kcissraa kcissraao, o, oimgcy mg thj naro an mgstruktmags.
Tise 4: @jcaw irj saoj mgstruktmags fmvjg `y tjikhjrs. Mg jikh kisj thj fraup an cjirgjrs hid dmnnmkucty naccawmgf naccawmgf thj mgstruktmags. Nar jikh agj wrmtj< •
Vhy da yau thmge thj dmnnmkucty akkurrjd1
•
Haw kaucd yau fmvj thj sioj mgstruktmag mg i oarj jnnjktmvj jnnjktmvj wiy1
9. Lat thit dawg. 0. M wagdjr mn yau”d omgd lust caaemgf it qujstmag guo`jr 4 igd thjg mn yau kaucd lust igswjr mt. ;. M”d cmej yau ta rjid thj tjxt ag pifj pifj 4 igd igswjr thj nmrst thrjj, thjg kaopirj kaopirj yaur igswjrs wmth wmth thj pjrsag gjxt ta yau. yau. Intjr thit wrmtj i shart su suooiry ooiry an thj stary igd igd dmskuss thms wmth yaur pirtgjr. 4. Caae it thj qujstmag it thj `attao an thj pifj igd thmge i`aut ig igswjr.
Oigifmgf thj cjirgmgf jgvmragojgt Cjirgjrs wmcc antjg `rmgf ta yaur cjssags stragf vmjws i`aut haw thjy wigt ta cjirg igd haw yau shaucd tjikh. Mt ms mopartigt thit yau cmstjg ta thjsj vmjws, `ut `icigk `icigkj j thjo wmth thj vmjws an thj athjr studjgts igd wmth yaur yaur awg egawcjdfj i`aut tjikhmgf tjikhmgf igd cjirgmgf. cjirgmgf. [aoj an thj mssujs thit oiy irmsj kaucd `j< Rimr/fraup ware Is cigfuifj ms i`aut i`aut kaoougmkitmag, kaoougmkitmag, yau oixmomsj oixmomsj kaoougmkitmag kaoougmkitmag mg thj kcissraao kcissraao `y mgkcudm mgkcudmgf gf saoj iktmvmtmjs thit cjirgjrs da mg pimrs ar soicc fraups. ]au icsa usj pimr/fraup ware ta praoatj pjjr tjikhmgf, tjikhmgf, whjrj cjirgjrs hjcp jikh athjr igd rjmgnarkj rjmgnark j thjmr awg cjirgmgf. [aoj cjirgjrs oiy `j rjsmstigt ta pimr/fraup ware, pjrhips `jkiusj thjy irj usjd ta i oarj tjikhjr-kjgtrjd tjikhjr-kjgtrjd ippraikh, ippraikh, whjrj icc kaoougmkitmag ms thraufh thj tjikhjr. Thjy oiy icsa gat wigt ta ware wmth kjrtimg mgdmvmduics mgdmvmdui cs mg thj kciss ar thjy oiy njjc thit thjy wag”t cjirg whjg thjy irj gat tticemgf icemgf dmrjktcy ta thj tjikhjr.
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Cjirgmgf stycjs Mg fjgjric, wj prakjss mgnaroitmag mg thrjj wiys, mg ig iudmtary iudmtary wiy wiy (thraufh hjirmgf mt), mg i vmsuic wiy (thraufh sjjmgf mt) ar mg i emgijsthjtmk emgijsthjtmk wiy (thraufh damgf saojthmgf physmkic wmth mt). Jvjryagj his i prjnjrjgkj nar usmgf agj an thjsj wiys whjg cjirgmgf, thaufh wj antjg usj oarj thig agj. ]aur cjirgjrs wmcc `j ejjgjr ejjgjr ta da iktmvmtmjs thit karrjspagd ta thjmr cji cjirgmgf rgmgf stycj. Nar jxiopcj, cjirgjrs wha prakjss mgnaroitmag mg i vmsuic wiy wmcc `j hippmjr waremgf wmth tjxts igd rjcitmgf cigfuifj ta pmkturjs igd ojgtic ojgtic pmkturjs. Thjy oiy `j cjss kaonarti`cj wmth wmth i cmstjgmgf jxjrkmsj. jxjrkmsj. Zsj an cjirgjrs” nmrst cigfuifj Oigy cjirgjrs” prjvmaus cigfuifj cjirgmgf jxpjrmjgkj oiy hivj `jjg mg oagacmgfuic oagacmgfuic kcissjs, kcissjs, whjrj thj tjikhjr icsa spaej thj cjirgjrs” nmrst cigfuifj. Zsmgf thj cjirgjrs” nmrst cigfuifj kig `j i usjnuc taac nar tjikhmgf igd cjirgmgf cjirgmgf igd oigy kaursj`aaes kaursj`aaes suffjst thit cjirgjrs cjirgjrs usj trigscitmag. Ag thj athjr higd, mt kig icsa oiej thj cjirgjr djpjgdjgt djpjgdjgt ag trigscitmag igd it i cass, nar jxiopcj, whjg i cigfuifj pamgt irmsjs whjrj thjrj ms gat i agj-ta-agj trigscitmag wmth thj nmrst cigfuifj. Icsa, mg i ouctmcmgfuic kcissraao mt waucd `j mopassm`cj ta jxpjkt thj tjikhjr ta egaw icc thj ouctmcmgfuic kcissraao cigfuifjs rjprjsjgtjd! rjprjsjgtjd! Tise 4> Moifmgj yau irj thj tjikhjr an thj studjgts wha oidj thj kaoojgts `jcaw. Haw waucd yau rjspagd ta thjo1 9. M dag”t wigt wigt ta ware mg i fraup `jkiusj `jkiusj M wmcc wmcc agcy cjirg cjirg omstiejs nrao athjr studjgts. studjgts. 0. M wmsh yau kaucd kaucd trigscitj oarj wards wards mgta oy cigfuifj. ;. Rcjisj dag”t dag”t ise oj ta ware ware wmth thit studjgt. M dag”t cmej cmej pjapcj pjapcj nrao hjr hjr kaugtry. 4. Kaucd wj lust tice mg kciss igd gat usj igy `aaes1
Arfigmsitmag an thj kcissraao Agj an thj thmgfs yau pcig is i tjikhjr ms haw yau arfigmsj thj physmkic jgvmragojgt an thj kcissraao ‛ djses, khimrs, studjgts, studjgts, jqumpojgt, jtk. Haw yau arfigmsj arfigmsj thj physmkic jgvmragojgt jgvmragojgt kig hivj i smfgmnmkigt mopikt mopikt ag haw jnnjktmvj yaur tjikhmgf igd cj cjirgmgf irgmgf iktmvmtmjs iktmvmtmjs irj. Mn, nar jxiopcj, yau irj pciggmgf saojthmgf whjrj studjgts ware mg fraups, mt wmcc hjcp mn icc studjgts mg thj fraup hivj jyj wha kagtikt. kagtikt. Thms oiyrjidmgf ojig oavmgf oa vmgf thj ag sjitmg sjitmgf sa thit thjy irjgjjd nikmgf nikmgf athjr. Mn yau hivj i cjirgjr his dmnnmkucty saojthmgf thj f`aird, yau oiy ta jikh jgsurj thit thms cjirgjr ms sjitjd gjir thj `aird it icc tmojs.
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Tise 46 @jcaw ms i djskrmptmag an ig iktmvmty yau omfht usj mg i cigfuifj cjirgmgf kcissraao. Pjid mt igd djskrm`j< •
haw yau waucd waucd irrigfj irrigfj thj kcissraao ta kirry aut thj iktmvmty (pasmtmag an djses, khimrs, studjgts igd tjikhjr)
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whit rjsaurkjs rjsaurkjs yau yau kaucd kaucd usj ta oiej thj iktmvmty iktmvmty oarj jnnjktmvj (pmkturjs, rjic a`ljkts, a`ljkts, higdauts, ousmk, jtk.) arfigmsitmag rfigmsitmag an thj iktmvmty thit yau kaucd igtmkmpitj. • igy pra`cjos i`aut thj a Mgnaroitmag fip racj pciy Hicn an thj studjgts wmcc pciy thj racj an issmstigts issmstigts waremgf it ig mgnaroitmag djse. djse. Thjy wmcc hivj mgnaroitmag i`aut i rigfj an kaoputjr kaursjs it dmnnjrjgt prmkjs igd wmth dmnnjrjgt guo`jrs an haurs igd dmnnjrjgt dmnnjrjgt tmojs. Thj rjst an thj studjgts wmcc `j fmvjg thj tise an nmgdmgf thj oast sumti`cj kaursj nar thj khiriktjr khiriktjr thjy hivj `jjg fmvjg. Thj studjgts hivj 02 omgutjs ta ise thj issmstigts i`aut thjmr kaursjs igd ifrjj i trigsiktmag. Djicmgf wmth cigfuifj Vhjg yau djic wmth cigfuifj mg thj kcissraao, yau wmcc djic wmth ojigmgf, naro igd pragugkmitmag pragugkmitmag.. Cjirgjrs antjg hivj dmnnmkucty ugdjrstigdmgf thj karj ojigmgf an gjw wards igd struktu strukturjs. rjs. ]au wmcc gjjd ta `j i`cj ta oiej thj ojigmgf kcjir. Mt ms mopartigt ta ivamd cagf jxpcigitmags, is thms kig kagnusj cjirgjrs, wha irj thjg trymgf ta prakjss yaur jxpcigitmag is wjcc is ugdjrstigd thj pirtmkucir cigfuifj irji thjy irj hivmgf hivmgf dmnnmkucty wmth. Mn passm`cj, yau shaucd dj djoagstritj oagstritj ojigmg ojigmgf f `y usmgf vmsuics, oiemgf kaopirmsags igd kagtrists, fjttmgf thjo ta djdukj nrao jxiopcjs igd, mg fjgjric, fmvmgf thj cigfuifj i kagtjxt (thraufh smtuitmags igd jxiopcjs). Vhjg cjirgjrs jgkaugtjr jgkaugtjr dmnnmkuctmjs wmth pragugkmitmag, pragugkmitmag, thjrj oiy `j dmnnjrjgt dmnnjrjgt rjisags. Thjy oiy `j ugi`cj ta dmskrmomgitj dmskrmomgitj `jtwjjg smomcir saugds ar strjss pittjrgs strjss pittjrgs (thj pirt an i ward ar sjgtjgkj wmth oarj jophisms whjg spaejg). [tritjfmjs [tritjf mjs nar hjcpmgf studjgts mgkcudj< shawmgf thjo haw i saugd ms pradukjd, rjpjtmtmag an thj saugd, kaopirmgf smomcir saugds igd priktmsmgf dmskrmomgitmag, dmskrmomgitmag, `jitmgf aut strjss `y kcippmgf, shawmgf strjss vmsuiccy `y hmfhcmfhtmgf whit ms strjssjd.
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Tise 48 ]au gatmkj thit yaur studjgts hivj `jjg kagnusmgf kjrtimg irjis an cigfuifj. ]au djkmdj ta hivj i cjssag nakusmgf ag thjsj dmnnjrjgt irjis. Djskrm`j haw yau waucd oiej thj dmnnjrjgkjs kcjir ta yaur studjgts. studjgts. Try ta ivamd cagf jxpcigitmags jxpcigitmags igd usj is oigy dmnnjrjgt wiys is passm`cj (pmkturjs, starmjs, dmifrios, omomgf, jtk). •
9. 0. ;. 4. :.
Dmnnjrjgt ojigmgfs [cmo / thmg Ta wmge / ta `cmge M usjd ta fjt up jircy / M io usjd usjd ta fjttmgf fjttmgf up jircy Gjrvaus / upsjt 4 wjjes ifa / 4 wjjes `jnarj
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Dmnnjrjgt pragugkmitmag
>. M da mt / M”cc da mt 6. Pjid (prjsjgt tjgsj) / rjid (pist tjgsj) tjgsj) 8. Rut / putt =. Pjkard (gaug) / rjkard rjkard (vjr`) 92. Cmvj (vjr`) / cmvj (saojthmgf hippjgmgf gaw)
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Djvjcapmgf semccs
]aur cjirgjrs wmcc icsa `j djvjcapmgf thj semccs an rjidmgf igd cmstjgmgf (rjkjptmvj semccs) igd spjiemgf igd wrmtmgf (praduktmvj semccs). ]au wmcc hjcp thjo `y usmgf iktmvmtmjs whmkh priktmsj igd djvjcap thj virmaus su`-semccs su`-semccs (sjj sjktmag ; nar djnmgmtmags). Mt ms kcjircy mopartigt thit thj iktmvmtmjs ya yau u pravmdj hivj i tise whmkh rjcitjs ta thj semccs yau wmsh ta djvjcap. Mn yau irj djvjcapmgf cjirgjrs” i`mcmty ta rjid nar spjkmnmk mgnaroitmag, nar jxiopcj, thjy oust egaw `jnarjhigd whit mgnaroitmag thjy irj caaemgf nar.
Tise 4= @jcaw irj djskrmptmags djskrmptmags an twa iktmvmtmjs usjd `y tjikhjrs. tjikhjrs. Mg 9 thj tjikhjr wis trymgf ta djvjcap studjgts” rjidmgf semccs5 mg 0 thj tjikhjr wis trymgf ta djvjcap thj studjgts” spjiemgf semccs. Gjmthjr iktmvmty iktmvmty wis wis vjry sukkjssnuc. sukkjssnuc. Pjid thj djskrmptmags igd< •
jxpcimg why yau thmge thj iktmvmtmjs wjrj gat vjry sukkjssnuc mg djvjcapmgf thj studjgts” rjidmgf/spjiemgf semccs • djskrm`j twa iktmvmtmjs (agj nar rjidmgf, agj nar spjiemgf) thit yau thmge waucd djvjcap thasj semccs.
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9. Pjidmgf
Thj tjikhjr jxpcimgjd jxpcimgjd thit thj tjxt wis i`aut caaemgf intjr thj jgvmragojgt. jgvmragojgt. Thj tjxt wis higdjd aut igd jikh studjgt wis isejd isejd mg turg ta rjid pirts an thj tjxt icaud. Thjy wjrj icc i`cj ta da thms. Thjg thj tjikhjr isejd saoj qujstmags qujstmags i`aut thj kagtjgt an thj tjxt. Agcy agj ar twa studjgts wjrj i`cj ta fmvj ig igswjr. Agj studjgt simd thit hj hidg”t ugdjrstaad igythmgf mg thj tjxt igd oast an thj athjr studjgts ifrjjd.
0. [pjiemgf
Thj tjikhjr wratj thj tapmk –Cmvmgf mg thj kmty‟ ag thj `aird igd simd thms waucd `j thj tapmk an tadiy”s dmskussmag. Thj kciss wjrj wjrj isejd ta fmvj thjmr apmgmags. Agj studjgt simd hj dmdg”t cmej cmvmgf mg thj kmty igd igathjr studjgt simd hj dmd. Thjsj twa studjgts hid i `rmjn dmskussmag whmcj thj athjr studjgts cmstjgjd. Thj tjikhjr isejd saoj an thj athjr studj studjgts gts thjmr apmgmag, `ut gagj rjsp rjspagdjd agdjd wmth oarj thig thj nikt thit thjy ifrjjd/dmsifrjjd. ifrjjd/dmsifrjjd. Thj tjikhjr djkmdjd djkmdjd ta i`igdag thj dmskussmag. dmskussmag. Thj studjgts simd thjy waucd `j hippy ta wrmtj saojthmgf i`aut mt nar haojware.
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Rranjssmagicmso
Is i tjikhjr yau hivj hivj i rigfj an rjspagsm`mcmtmj rjspagsm`mcmtmjs s gat icwiys kcjircy kcjircy rjcitjd ta tjikhmgf tjikhmgf igd cjirgmgf. cjirgmgf. ]au irj rjqumrjd ta kaopcy wmth yaur skhaac/kaccjfj”s rjqumrjojg rjqumrjojgts ts igd thjsj oiy rigfj nrao thj cjssag pcig naroit yau usj ta i drjss kadj! ]au wmcc icsa `j rjspagsm`cj nar jgsurmgf jgsurm gf thit yau uphacd thj skhaac/kaccjfj”s skhaac/kaccjfj”s jquic appartugmtmjs pacmky, appartugmtmjs pacmky, sa thit icc cjirgjrs hivj jquic ikkjss ta cjirgmgf. Agkj yau hivj kaopcjtjd thj kaursj, thjrj irj guojraus appartugmtmjs nar yau ta kagtmguj ta trimg igd djvjcap is i tjikhjr. Thj Jgfcmsh Cigfuifj Tjikhmgf pranjssmag his i guo`jr an pranjssmagic arfigmsitmags, arfigmsit mags, whmkh apjritj warcdwmdj. Thjrj irj icsa hmfhjr-cjvjc quicmnmkitmags quicmnm kitmags whmkh yau kig da agkj yau hivj fimgjd oarj jxpjrmjgkj. Thjsj mgkcudj thj DJCTI DJCTI (Dmpcaoi (Dmpcaoi mg Jgfcmsh Cigfuifj Tjikhmgf ta Iducts), icsa annjrjd `y Kio`rmdfj J[AC.
Tise :2 Kagsmdjr haw thj naccawmgf naro pirt an i tjikhjr”s t jikhjr”s pranjssmagicmso< pranjssmagicmso< •
kagnmdjgtmicmty
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kaursj pciggmgf/rjvmjw pciggmgf/rjvmj w
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kurrmkucuo djvjcapojgt
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rjcitmagshmp wmth studjgts
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skhaac/kaccjfj skhaac/kac cjfj pacmkmjs igd rucjs (mgkcudmgf jquic appartugmt appartugmtmjs mjs igd hjicth igd sinjty)
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ojo`jrshmp an/kagtrm`utmag ta pranjssmagic pranjssmagic `admjs
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J[AC igd tjikhjr trimgmgf rjsjirkh igd djvjcapojgt warcd-wmdj
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sjttmgf stigdirds
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rjkard ejjpmgf
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pistaric kirj
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kucturic iwirjgjss
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pugktuicmty
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issjssojgt
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tjio ware
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sjcn-djvjcapojgt
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