Cayetano vs. Leonidas

 

Hayktadj v. Bkjdgcas N.]. Dj. ;3717, @ay 85, 1793 X[@@A]W?   X[@@A]W?   Acjrahgjd  Acjrahgj d Ha`pjs was ad A`krghad hgtgzkd adc a pkr`adkdt pkr`adkdt cj`ghgbgary jl Uigbackbpiga, Uigbackbpiga, Ukddsybvadga, at tik tg`k jl ikr ckati. Urgjr tj ikr ckati, wigbk gd @adgba, sik kxkhutkc a bast wgbb adc tksta`kdt gd Uigbackbpiga. Sik wgbb was ac`gttkc adc nradtkc prjmatk my tik prjmatk hjurt jl tik Hj``jdwkabti Hj``jdwkabti jl Ukddsybvadga. Gt was absj abbjwkc prjmatk gd tik Uigbgppgdks twj yk ykars ars al altkr tkr ikr ikr ckati ckati,, jd tik tik pktgt pktgtgj gjd d jl ikr ikr sgs sgstkr tkr.. Uktgt Uktgtgjd gjdkr kr Haykt Hayktad adj j hj hjdtk dtkdc dckc kc tiat tiat Ikr`jnkdks Ha`pjs, Acjrahgjd‗s latikr adc a ljrhkc ikgr, was cgvkstkc jl igs bkngtg`k udckr  Ha`pjs‗ wgbb adc tiat tikrkljrk, Ukddsybvadga baw wighi abbjws ikr tj ngvkr ikr kstatk away tj a hj`pbktk stradnkr sijubc djt appby ‒mkhausk gt wjubc rud hjudtkr tj tik spkhglgh prjvgsgjds jl  Uigbgpp Uig bgppgdk gdk baw.‐ baw.‐ Sik bjwkr hjurt hjurt appbgkc appbgkc tik baw jl Ukddsyb Ukddsybvad vadga. ga. Sik Xuprk` Xuprk`k k Hjurt, Hjurt, gd allgr`gdn tik jrckr jl tik bjwkr hjurt, sagc tiat ‒gt gs a skttbkc rubk tiat as rknarcs tik gdtrgdsgh vabgcgty jl tik prjvgsgjds jl tik wgbb, as prjvgckc my Art. 13, Xkhtgjd G jl tik ]ubks jl Hjurt wikrkmy ik acoucghatkc udtj ig`skbl tik jwdkrsigp jl tik kdtgrk kstatk jl tik ckhkaskc Acjrahgjd Ha`pjs. Dkdgta H. Uanuga lgbkc a pktgtgjd ljr tik rkprjmatk jl a wgbb jl tik ckhkaskc ckhkaskc,, Acjrahgjd Ha`pjs, wighi was abbknkcby kxkhutkc gd tik [dgtkc Xtatks adc ljr ikr appjgdt`kdt as ac`gdgstratrgx jl  tik kstatk jl tik ckhkaskc tkstatrgx. Gd ikr pktgtgjd, Dkdgta abbknkc tiat tik tkstatrgx was ad A`krghad hgtgzkd at tik tg`k jl ikr ckati adc was a pkr`adkdt rksgckdt jl Ukddsybvadga, [.X.A. adc tiat tik tkstatrgx cgkc gd @adgba jd Oaduary Oad uary 81, 17>> 17>> wigbk wigbk tk`pjrar tk`pjrargby gby rksgcgdn rksgcgdn wgti ikr sgstkr at @abatk, @adgba. @adgba. Curgdn Curgdn ikr  bglktg`k, tik tkstatrgx `ack ikr bast wgbb adc tksta`kdt jd Ouby 15, 17>;, ahhjrcgdn tj tik baws jl  Ukddsyb Ukd dsybvadg vadga, a, [.X.A., [.X.A., dj`gdat dj`gdatgdn gdn ^gblrkcj ^gblrkcj Marzana Marzana jl Dkw Okrs Okrsky ky as kxkhutjr kxkhutjr.. Altkr Altkr tik tkstatrgx' ckati, ikr bast wgbb adc tksta`kdt was prkskdtkc, prjmatkc, abbjwkc, adc rkngstkrkc wgti tik ]kngstry jl ^gbbs at tik Hjudty jl Uigbackbpiga, [.X.A. adc tiat tikrk gs ad urnkdt dkkc ljr tik appjgdt`kdt jl ad ac`gdgstra ac`gdgstratrgx trgx tj ac`gdgstkr ac`gdgstkr adc kvkdtuabby kvkdtuabby cgstrgmutk tik prjpkrtgks jl  tik kstatk bjhatkc gd tik Uigbgppgdks.  Ad jppjsgtgjd jppjsgtgjd tj tik rkprjmatk jl tik wgbb was lgbkc my ikrkgd pktgtgjdkr pktgtgjdkr abbkngdn a`jdn jtikr  tigdns, tiat ik ias kvkry rkasjd tj mkbgkvk tiat tik wgbb gd qukstgjd gs a ljrnkry adc tiat tik gdtrgdsgh prjvgsgjds jl tik wgbb ark dubb adc vjgc adc tiat kvkd gl pkrtgdkdt A`krghad baws jd gdtrgdsgh prjvgsgjds ark gdvjfkc, tik sa`k hjubc djt appby gdas`uhi as tiky wjubc wjrf gdoustghk adc gdoury tj ig`.

 

GXX[K? ^iat baw siabb njvkrd Acjrahgjd Ha`pj's wgbb: ][BGDN? Sik baw wighi njvkrds Acjrahgjd Ha`pj's wgbb gs tik baw jl Ukddsybvadga, [.X.A., wighi gs tik datgjdab baw jl tik ckhkckdt.  Artghbk 1< paranrapi = jl tik DHH prjvgcks tiat, gdtkstatk adc tksta`kdtary tksta`kdtary suhhkssgjds, mjti wgti rkspkht tj tik jrckr jl suhhkssgjd adc tj tik a`judt jl suhhkssgjdab rgnits adc tj tik gdtrgdsgh vabgcgty jl tksta`kdtary prjvgsgjds, siabb mk rknubatkc my tik datgjdab baw jl tik pkrsjd wijsk suhhkssgjd gs udckr hjdsgckratgjd, wiatkvkr `ay mk tik daturk jl tik prjpkrty adc rknarcbkss jl tik hjudtry wikrkgd sagc prjpkrty `ay mk ljudc. Adc Artghbk 1587 jl DHH lurtikr  prjvgcks tiat, hapahgty tj suhhkkc gs njvkrdkc my tik baw jl tik datgjd jl tik ckhkckdt. Gt gs a skttbkc rubk tiat as rknarcs tik gdtrgdsgh vabgcgty jl tik prjvgsgjds jl tik wgbb, as prjvgckc ljr my  Artghbk 1< (=) adc 1587 1587 jl tik tik Hgvgb Hjck, Hjck, tik datgjdab datgjdab baw jl jl tik ckhkckdt ckhkckdt `ust `ust appby. appby. Gd tik hask at mar, abtijuni jd gts lahk, tik wgbb appkarkc tj iavk prktkrgtkc tik pktgtgjdkr adc tius, tik rkspjdckdt oucnk sijubc iavk ckdgkc gts prjmatk jutrgnit, tik prgvatk rkspjdckdts iavk sullghgkdtby kstambgsikc kstambgsikc tiat Acjrahgjd Ha`pjs was, at tik tg`k jl ikr ckati, ad A`krghad hgtgzkd hgtg zkd adc a pkr`adk pkr`adkdt dt rksgckd rksgckdtt jl Uigback Uigbackbpig bpiga, a, Ukddsyb Ukddsybvad vadga, ga, [.X [.X.A. .A. Sikrklj Sikrkljrk, rk, tik baw njvkrdgdn Acjrahgjd Ha`pjs' wgbb gs tik baw jldj Ukddsybvadga, wighi tikabb datgjdab baw jl tik ckhkckdt. [dckr tik Ukddsybvadga baw, bkngtg`ks ark[.X.A., prjvgckc ljr, gsadc tik kstatk `ay mk ngvkd away my tik tkstatrgx tj a hj`pbktk stradnkr.   Sik [.X. baw jd suhhkssgjd gd tik statk jl Ukddsybvadga appbgks tj tik gdtrgdsgh adc kxtrgdsgh vabgcgty jl tik bast wgbb adc tksta`kdt jl a [.X. datgjdab adc rksgckdt jl Ukddsybvadga udckr  wijsk baws a pkrsjd `ay ngvk igs kdtgrk kstatk tj a hj`pbktk stradnkr.