Categorias Gramaticais

 

Ldtboirfds Ordcdtfldfs

Cirni`iofd -bstuai ads pd`dvrds, d sud afvfsìi bc l`dssbs ab pd`dvrds, rbspbltfvds priprfbadabs b i bstuai ais b`bcbhtis lihstftufhtbs ads pd`dvrds. [D@D^WD55 d uhfada [D@D^WD uhfadabb cbhir cbhir pitbhl pitbhlfd`c fd`cbhtb bhtb fsi`ävb fsi`ävb`, `, dutühic dutühicd, d, pirtdai pirtdaird rd ab sfohfnfldai b nuhïìi qub æ sbpdrdad, lici sbquåhlfd ab ordnbcds, ab iutrds pd`dvrds b qub, hi ldsi ads pd`dvrds n`bxfihdfs, afspòb ab värfds nircds. Ds pd`dvrds sìi bhqudarävbfs bc l`dssbs ab nircds b nuhïòbs absfohdads pir ldtboirfds ordcdtfldfs, pdrtbs ai afslursi iu l`dssbs ab pd`dvrds. pd`dvrds. Lrftærfis ab l`dssfnfldïìi l`dssfnfldïìi55 •

Lrftærfis cirni`üoflis

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Lrftærfis sf sfhtältflis Lrftærfis sbcçhtflis

I vbrgi -pd`dvrd vdrfävb` (pbssid, hõcbri, tbcpi, tb cpi, ciai, viz). -prbafldai ad nrdsb.  -æ d ldtboirfd ordcdtfld` qub lihnfourd hi sbu bhqudardcbhti tbcpird`5  (dtfrdr, prbsfafr, licprdr ): ): -ds dlïòbs (fcp`fldc uc dobhtb, uc ‐ndzbr–5 (dtfrdr, -is prilbssis (fcp`fldc uc dlihtblbr5 ( n`irfr, bhtdrablbr, lihstfpdr-sb lihstfpdr-s b): - is bstdais (fcp`fldc ucd pbrcdhåhlfd5 (aircfr, (aircfr, bstdr, vfvbr ). ).

I hicb

(sugstdhtfvi)

- pd`dvrd vdrfävb` (oæhbri, hõcbri). - hõl`bi ai \H. - pd`dvrd hicbdaird, absfohd sbrbs, lifsds b ndltis, nd ltis, lihlbftis b dgstrdlïòbs.

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Dhtripühfcis ( [bari,Cdrfd)  [bari,Cdrfd) Hicbs [rüprfis   [rüprfis

Qipühfcis (Qbtb, Gbfrd, Hdcpu`d)

 

Fhafvfaudtfviss ((cbsd, Fhafvfaudtfvi cbsd, edhb`d) edhb`d)   \ugl`dssbs \bcçhtflds ais hicbs      

Lihlrbtis Hicbs licuhs (ab bspælfb) bspælfb)

li`bltfvis (nritd, bhxdcb) Dgstrdltis ( D`borfd,  D`borfd, sbhtfcbhtis)  sbhtfcbhtis) 

I daebltfvi - pd`dvrd vdrfävb` (oæhbri, hõcbri, ordu). - ldtboirfd hìi dutühicd sfhtdltfldcbhtb. - pd`dvrd qub hicbfd priprfbadabs, qud`fadabs iu rb`dïòbs.       dzu` 

Daeblt fvis qud`fnfldtfvis (abhitdc ucd Daebltfvis priprfbadab iu qud`fadab fhbrbhtb iu fhtbrfir ës lifsd bx. `fhai, gic, lurvi, d`ti, dcdroi, gdrdti,

\ugl`dssbs sbcçhtflds ais daebltfvis

 

Daebltfvis rb`dlfihdfs (fhafldc d rb`dïìi ad lifsd absfohdad pb`d pd`dvrd ab rb`dïìi lic iutrd) bx. ldsd pd tbr h d ,  prig`bcd ndcf`fdr, sihbti ldcihbdhi,

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I daværgfi - pd`dvrd fhvdrfävb` (bcgird, pir vbzbs, pissd dprbsbhtdr ordu).  

- pd`dvrd qub ciafnfld i vbrgi (B`b B` b gbgb gb gb cu ft i), i daebltfvi (Fst (F sti iæc cu uft i gic gic), ), iutri daværgfi (B` (B`b, b, cufti fhtb`fob fhtb` fobhtb htbcbh cbhtb, tb, absfs ab sfstfu) tfu),, iu d nrdsb (Grusldcbhtb, b`d `bvdhtiu-sb ai gdhli).

 

- ciafnfld i sbhtfai ad pd`dvrd d qub sb euhtd iu bxprfcb ds lfrluhstçhlfds ab ucd dlïìi, qud`fadab iu bstdai. \ugl`dssbs sbcçhtflds ais daværgfis5 tbcpi “ tbcpi  “ doird, dfhad, mieb, tdrab, `ioi, abpifs, sbcprb, bhtìi, dhtbs…  `uodr `uodr “  “ dgdfxi, dafdhtb, dträs, dtrdvæs, abhtri, nird, euhti, `ä, `ihob…  dnfrcdïìi dnfrcdïìi “  “ sfc,  sfc, lbrtdcbhtb, rbd`cbhtb, bnbltfvdcbhtb… bnbltfv dcbhtb… aõvfad “ pirvbhturd, aõvfad “  pirvbhturd, dldsi, td`vbz, pissfvb`cbhtb, qufïä… fhtbhsfnfldïìi “ fhtbhsfnfldïìi  “ gdstdhtb, cufti, piuli, gbc, cbhis, qudsb, tdhti… ciai “ ciai  “ dssfc, cd`, pfir, cb`mir, `bhtdcbhtb, cd`aisdcbhtb… hbodïìi  “ hìi, hbc, huhld, hbodïìi “ huhld, edcdfs… fhl`usìi “ fhl`usìi  “ dtæ, cbsci, tdcgæc… bxl`usìi “  bxl`usìi  “ sü, dpbhds, sicbhtb, sd`vi…  absfohdïìi absfohdïìi “  “ bfs fhtbrriodïìi “ fhtbrriodïìi  “ lici, ihab, qudhai… qudhai… ln. ^f`b`d, 4666, p. 717.

Is hucbrdfs -fhafldc qudhtfadabs b ordhabzds.  

-bc sbhtfai sbhtfai bstrfti hìi sìi ucd ldtboirfd ldtboirfd ordcdtfld`, ordcdtfld`, eä qub nuhlfihdc nuhlfihdc lici abtbrcfhdhtbs, daebltfvis iu sugstdhtfvis. \ugl`dssbs5 ldrafhdfs “ ldrafhdfs  “ uc, aifs, trås, cf`mìi…  irafhdfs irafhdfs “  “ prfcbfri, sbouhai, tbrlbfri… cu`tfp`fldtfvis “ cu`tfp`fldtfvis  “ aigri, trfp`i, quäarup`i… quäarup`i… nrdllfihärfis “ nrdllfihärfis  “ cbtdab, tbrïi… li`bltfvis - abzbhd, aõzfd, lbhtbhd, lbhti, cf`mdr 

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[rihicbs b abtbrcfhdhtbs - d`ouhs sìi vdrfävbfs (oæhbri, hõcbri). - pd`dvrds qub sb rb`dlfihdc lic i sugstdhtfvi, sugstftufhai-i (prihicbs) iu abtbrcfhdhai-i (abtbrcfhdhtbs). sugl`dssbss pbssidfs  “ bu, cb, cfc, tu, `mb… pbssidfs “ pissbssfvis “ pissbssfvis  “ cbu, cfhmd, tbu, sbu… prihicbs b/iu abcihstrdtfvis abcihstrdtfv is “ bstd, dqub`b, bssbs, fssi, dquf`i… abtbrcfhdhtbs rb`dtfvis “  “ qub, i qud`, luei, qudhti…  rb`dtfvis fhtbrriodtfvis “  “ qud`, qudhti, qubc, i qub…  fhtbrriodtfvis fhabnfhfais “  fhabnfhfais  “ d`ouc, lbrti, tuai, värfis, cuftis… abtbrcfhdhtbs drtfois “ drtfois “ i, d, is, ds, uc, ucd…   Ds prbpisfïòbs - pd`dvrds fhvdrfävbfs. -bxprfc -bxp rfcbc bc ucd rb`dïìi rb`dïìi ab abpbha abpbhaåhlf åhlfdd bhtrb bhtrb aifs aifs tbrcis. tbrcis. I tbrci tbrci rbofai rbofai ad  prbpisfïìi - i lihsbqubhtb - licp`btd i sbhtfai ai prfcbfri tbrci - i dhtblbabhtb (ldcd ab  nbrri, dhadr ab gflfl`btd, pìi li lic c cdhtbfod, lihliradr lic d`ouæc, fr d  Wicd). [rbpisfïòbs sfcp`bs5 d, dhtb, dpüs, dtæ, lic, lihnircb, lihsidhtb, lihtrd, ab, absab, aurdhtb, bc, bhtrb, bxlbpti, cbafdhtb, pdrd, pbrdhtb, pir, sd`vi, sbouhai, sbc, sig, sigrb, träs. träs. @iluïòbs prbpisftfvds5 dgdfxi ab, dlfcd ab, di `dai ab, d`æc ab, lbrld ab, bc tirhi ab, pbrti ab, bc vbz ab, dpbsdr ab, dhtbs ab, afdhtb ab, abpifs ab, `ihob ab, dtrdvæs ab, abhtri ab, d rbspbfti ab, nird ab, ab dlirai lic, pdrd lic, bc nrbhtb d, ordïds d, pir bhtrb... ln. ^f`b`d, 4666, p. 72; b Luhmd b Lfhtrd, 46=>, p. 227  

 

Ds liheuhïòbs - pd`dvrds fhvdrfävbfs. - bstdgb`blbc `fodïòbs bhtrb irdïòbs (I Eiìi nif ë prdfd b d Cdrfd nfliu bc ldsd. I  Eiìi frfd ë prdfd sb d Cdrfd nfldssb bc ldsd.) iu bhtrb cbcgris bqufvd`bhtbs hucd cbscd irdïìi (I Eiìi b d Cdrfd nirdc ë prdfd). Liheuhïòbs liirabhdtfvds (rb` (rb`dlfi dlfihdc hdc tbrcis tbrcis iu irdïòbs irdïòbs ab faåhtfl faåhtfldd nuhïìi nuhïìi ordcdtfld`)5  B`b æ sbvbri, cds eusti.  B`ds sdãrdc lbai b lmbodrdc d tbcpi. Liheuhïòbs sugirafhdtfvds (rb`dlfih (rb`dlfihdc dc auds irdïòbs, ucd ads qudfs abtbrcfhd iu licp`btd i sbhtfai ad iutrd)5  B`b qubr sbr cæafli qudhai nir ordhab.

 

 Bhqudhti puhmdc d cbsd, i odti licbu d ldrhb dssdad.  Hìi lihsfoi cihtdr d bstdhtb, bcgird tbhmd tbhtdai värfds vbzbs

Ds fhtbrebfïòbs - hìi bxbrlbc qud`qubr nuhïìi hd nrdsb. - bxprfcbc ab nircd lihabhsdad sbhtfcbhtis b bciïòbs. D`oucds fhtbrebfïòbs5 air - df!, uf!, du! davbrtåhlfd - Lufadai!, Dtbhïìi!, Bf! d`borfd - Dm!, - Dm!, Im!, [uxd! bhtusfdsci - Dm!, - Dm!, Bm!, Gid! bhlirdedcbhti - Lirdobc!, Nirïd!, Grdvi!, ^dcis! absbei - Ixd`ä!, Tubc abrd!, Tubfrd Abus! absoisti - Ird gi`ds! Tub lmdtflb! `dcbhti - Tub pbhd!, Ldrdcgd!, Gi`ds! rbsfohdïìi - [dlfåhlfd!, [rihti!, Abfxd `ä! fhvildïìi/lmdcdcbhti - D`ñ!, - D`ñ!, [sfu!, Im cbu! ...