Catalogo
August 4, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Dmikskôf Fj Fjdkmf dkmf jl pjrj hl D Dmfmd mfmd kikhftm y Xsm gh lj Ckmg kvhrskgjg Dljvh GO535
DJWJLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT DJW SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT DMLKIJ IHQKDM
Oujf Djrlms Daêvhz Dmipjrjf, Nhiij Nkshly Njlhjfj Lhius, Ksijhl Ijfzm Pjrnjs, Omrnh Jcrjaji Tjlkfjs Têfdahz
@jdultjg gh Dkhfdkjs Ijrkfjs, Xfkvhrskgjg gh Dmlkij Iëxkdm 3551
SHTXIHF
Hl Hstjgm gh Dmlkij uckdjgm hf lj pjrth mddkghftjl gh lj Shpÿclkdj Ihxkdjfj smcrh ljs dmstjs ghl Mdëjfm Ujdé`kdm tkhfh jlrhghgmr gh :8> Bi. gh dmstj. Hxksthf hf su lktmrjl kipmrtjfths prmimftmrkms rmdmsms, jrrhdk`hs gh dmrjl y jdjftkljgms dmsthrms quh kfdkghf hf pjrtkduljr
dmfdhftrjdkôf y gkvhrskgjg gh hsphdkhs gh phdhs. Tkf hicjrnm, ajf skgm pmdm hstugkjgjs pmr gms rjzmfhs `ufgjihftjlhs? :) iudaj gh ëstj hs phquhúj y djrhdh gh vjlmr dmihrdkjl y 3) su hstugkm y dmlhdtj hs gk`édkl pmr jrths gh phsdj trjgkdkmfjl.
Hsth trjcjom sh prhshftj djtêlmnm gh phdhs gh jrrhdk`hs rmdmsms―dmrjlkfms gh Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs, Dmlkij, Iëxkdm quh skf gugj hs hl jrrhdk`h dmrjlkfm iês kipmrtjfth ghl lktmrjl dmlkihfsh. Lm jfthrkmr puhgh shr utklkzjgm dmf `kfhs hdm―turéstkdms y gh dmfshrvjdkôf dmf lj `kfjlkgjg gh dmiprhfghr dujlhs smf lms prkfdkpjlhs dmipmfhfths gh hstms hdmsksthijs dmim lms jrrhdk`hs, su kipmrtjfdkj ckmlônkdj, jsé dmim jlnufms jsphdtms gh su `ufdkmfjikhftm gh hstms sksthijs dmsthrms pjrj quh sh lmnrh lj susthftjcklkgjg.
Hl djtêlmnm dmfsksth hf ufj mpmrtufkgjg gh prhshftjr dmf kiênhfhs gknktjlhs mrknkfjlhs gh 1; hsphdkhs gh phdhs hf su ihgkm jickhfth fjturjl (jrrhdk`hs rmdmsms y dmrjlkfms) quh kfdluyhf tjftm hsphdkhs dmihrdkjlhs dmim mtrjs quh smf kipmrtjfths hf hl ijfthfkikhftm gh lj hstjcklkgjg hdmlônkdj gh hstms jickhfths.
Hl prhshfth djtêlmnm hs hl rhsultjgm gh vjrkms júms gh trjcjom gh djipm quh thféjf dmim mcohtkvm lj nhfhrjdkôf gh kf`mrijdkôf hdmlônkdj gh phdhs gh jrrhdk`hs rmdmsms dmrjlkfms gh trjcjoms gh Daêvhz―Dmipjrjf, ht.jl ..,, (3553) Phljsdm Sjims y Jfnukjfm Curnhtth (3550), Lmihlé ―Pkrnhf, (355>) y Cjutkstj―Ljurhjfm (3551).
K F G K D H
Kftrmguddkôf Jfthdhghfths Ghsdrkpdkôf gh lj _mfj Dmsthrj ghl Hstjgm gh Dmlkij Ihtmgmlmnéj Lkstjgm sksthiêtkdm gh phdhs gh jrrhdk`hs rmdmsms y dmrjlkfms gh Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs, Dmlkij, Iëxkdm. Gkplmcjtks miijtj Xrmtrynmf rmnhrsk Xrmcjtks dmfdhftrkdus Xrmcjtks ajllhrk Nyifmiurjhfj zhcrj Nyifmtamrjx djstjfhus Iurjhfj lhftknkfmsj Iurjhfj jrnus Tyfmgus ljdhrtkfus Iyrkprkstks lhkmnfjtaus Tjrnmdhftrmf sucmrcktjlks @kstuljrkj dmiihrsmffkk Tdmrpjhfj pluikhrk pluikhrk iysths
Uên. : 8 0 :3 :3 :0 :> :1 :; 35 3: 33 34 37 38 30 3> 31
Jlpahsths kiijduljtus Dhpajlmpamlks pjfjihfsks pjfjihfsks Hpkfhpahlus ljcrk`mriks Ujrjftakjs dmlmfus Thrrjfus pskttjdkfus pskttjdkfus Sypkdtus ckdmlmr Ghrijtmlhpks ghrijtmlhpks Ahthrmprkjdjftaus druhftjtus Jpmnmf pjdk`kdus pjdk`kdus Jpmnmf rhtrmshllj Djrjfx djcjllus Djrjfx djfkfus Djrjfx shx`jsdkjtus
3; 45 4: 43 44 47 48 40 4> 41 4; 75 7:
Djrjfx vkfdtus Lutojfus jrnhftkvhftrks Lutojfus nutjttus Lutojfus fmvhi`jsdkjtus Lutojfus vkrkgks Lutojfus kfhriks Ajhiulmf ijdulkdjugj Ajhiulmf shx`jsdkjtui Ikdrmlhpkgmtus crhvkpkffks
73 74 77 78 70 7> 71 7; 85
Mgmftmsdkmf xjftamps Ujrhquhs `usdmvkttjtus Ujrhquhs vkmlj Iullmkgkdatays ghftjtus
8: 83 84 87
Ushuguphfhus nrjfgksqujiks Dajhtmgmf auihrjlks Omafrjfgjllkj fknrkrmstrks Amljdjftaus pjsshr pjsshr Umijdjftaus zmfkphdtus Bypamsus jfjlmnus
88 80 8> 81 8; 05
Bypamsus hlhnjfs Dkrraktkdatays mxydhpajlus Dkrraktks rkvuljtus _jfdlus dmrfutus Jcugh`gu` trmsdahlkk Darmiks jtrklmcjtj Ikdrmspjtamgmf gmrsjlks Ikdrmspjtamgmf cjkrgkk Tthnjsths jdjpuldmhfsks Tthnjsths `ljvkljtus `ljvkljtus Tthnjsths rhdtk`rjhfui Cmgkjfus gkplmtjhfkj Ajlkdamhrhs dakhrdakjh
0: 03 04 07 08 00 0> 01 0; >5 >: >3 >4
Ajlkdamhrhs gkspklus Ajlkdamhrhs fkdamlsk Ajlkdamhrhs fmtmspklus Wajljssmij ludjsjfui Wajljssmij nrjiijtkdui Fmvjdulkdatays tjhfkmurus Fkdamlskfj ghftkduljtj Tdjrus namccjf Tdjrus rucrmvkmljdhus Ijljdmdthfus auccsk Mpakmclhffkus sthkfgjdafhrk Uljnkmtrhius jzjlhus Dmrypampthrus urmspklus
>7 >8 >0 >> >1 >; 15 1: 13 14 17 18 10
Hljdjtkfus pufdtkduljtus Jdjftaurus xjftampthrus xjftampthrus Jdjftaurus fknrkdjfs Jdjftaurus trkmsthnus Urkmfurus pufdtjtus pufdtjtus Ujrjlkdatays wmmlijfk Ushugmcjlksths fju`rjnkui Tu``ljihf vhrrhs
1> 11 1; ;5 ;: ;3 ;4 ;7
Djftahrakfhs guihrklkk Mstrjdkmf ihlhjnrks Jrmtarmf ihlhjnrks Jrmtarmf akspkgus Djftaknjsthr pufdtjtksskij pufdtjtksskij Tpamhrmkghs lmcjtus Gkmgmf amlmdjftaus Gkmgmf aystrkx Daklmiydthrus rhdtkduljtus
;8 ;0 ;> ;1 ;; :55 :5: :53 :54
Gksduskôf Dmfdluskmfhs
:51 ::4
Lkthrjturj Dktjgj
::7
KFWSMGXDDKÔF
Lms jrrhdk`hs Lms jrrhdk`hs gh gh dmrjl dmrjl duhftjf duhftjf dmf dmf lj lj ijymr ijymr dmfdhftrjdkôf dmfdhftrjdkôf y gkvhrskgjg gkvhrskgjg gh gh hsphdkhs hsphdkhs gh gh phdhs smcrh phdhs smcrh hl hl mdëjfm. mdëjfm. Lms Lms phdhs phdhs gh gh jrrhdk`h jrrhdk`h hstêf hstêf éftkijihfth éftkijihfth jsmdkjgms jsmdkjgms dmf dmf hl hl sustrjtm sustrjtm rmdmsm m gh rmdmsm gh dmrjl dmrjl dmf dmf `kfhs `kfhs gh gh jlkihftjdkôf, jlkihftjdkôf, rh`unkm rh`unkm y rhprmguddkôf rhprmguddkôf y tkhfhf tkhfhf dmim dmim prkfdkpjl djrjdthréstkdj prkfdkpjl djrjdthréstkdj lj lj prhshfdkj prhshfdkj gh gh pjtrmfhs pjtrmfhs pjrtkduljrhs pjrtkduljrhs gh gh dmlmrjdkôf, dmlmrjdkôf, lm lm quh quh gk`hrhfdkj ufms gk`hrhfdkj ufms gh gh mtrms mtrms (Wamismf (Wamismf ht jl ., ., :;>;, :;>;, Okiëfhz, Okiëfhz, :;;;). :;;;). Lj Lj gkvhrskgjg gkvhrskgjg gh gh hsphdkhs hsphdkhs tkhfh lj tkhfh lj djpjdkgjg djpjdkgjg gh gh kfdrhihftjr kfdrhihftjr lj lj rhsksthfdkj rhsksthfdkj ghl ghl hdmsksthij hdmsksthij pjrj pjrj smpmrtjr smpmrtjr h`hdtms h`hdtms jgvhrsms jickhftjlhs jgvhrsms jickhftjlhs (Fjhhi, (Fjhhi, :;;1). :;;1). [ ouhnjf ouhnjf uf uf pjphl pjphl dljvh dljvh ghftrm ghftrm gh gh lj lj rhg rhg trô`kdj trô`kdj ghl ghl sksthij dmrjlkfm (Pklljrrhjl , , :;11).
Lms hstugkms Lms hstugkms gh gh lj lj `jufj `jufj kdtkmlônkdj kdtkmlônkdj hf hf Iëxkdm Iëxkdm sh sh ajf ajf vhfkgm vhfkgm rhjlkzjfgm rhjlkzjfgm gh gh ijfhrj ijfhrj sksthiêtkdj ghsgh sksthiêtkdj ghsgh lj lj gëdjgj gëdjgj gh gh lms lms 05‛s, 05‛s, pmsthrkmrihfth pmsthrkmrihfth sh sh rhpmrtjf rhpmrtjf kfvhftjrkms kfvhftjrkms yj yj shj shj pmr hftkgjg pmr hftkgjg `hghrjtkvj `hghrjtkvj m pmr pmr rhnkmfhs rhnkmfhs smcrh smcrh tmgm tmgm gh gh jquhllj jquhllj `jufj `jufj gh gh kipmrtjfdkj kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl, miktkhfgm dmihrdkjl, miktkhfgm hf hf iudams iudams djsms, djsms, jquhllj jquhllj `jufj `jufj quh quh sk sk ckhf ckhf fm fm hs hs jprmvhdajgj jprmvhdajgj gh gh ijfhrj dmihrdkjl, ijfhrj dmihrdkjl, ëstj ëstj sk sk rhvksth rhvksth kipmrtjfdkj kipmrtjfdkj hdmlônkdj hdmlônkdj vktjl vktjl ghftrm ghftrm ghl ghl hdmsksthij hdmsksthij ijrkfm ijrkfm (Djstrm――Jnukrrh, (Djstrm Jnukrrh, :;>12 :;>12 Jfôfkim, Jfôfkim, :;>02 :;>02 [êfhz [êfhz――Jrjfdkckj, Jrjfdkckj, :;>1, :;>1, Gh Gh lj lj Druz Druz――Jnührm, Jnührm, :;;>). :;;>). Ajstj lj Ajstj lj `hdaj `hdaj sh sh tkhfh tkhfh uf uf rhduhftm rhduhftm gh gh 3,:33 3,:33 hsphdkhs hsphdkhs gh gh phdhs phdhs hf hf Iëxkdm Iëxkdm gh gh jduhrgm jduhrgm dmf dmf lj lj DMFJCKM. DMFJCKM. Th Th hstkij hstkij quh quh hl hl tmtjl tmtjl gh gh lktmrjl lktmrjl hf hf tmgms tmgms lms lms dmftkfhfths dmftkfhfths hs hs ghl ghl mrghf mrghf gh gh 855 855 ikl ikl bklôihtrms. bklôihtrms. Gh hstms, Gh hstms, iês iês gh gh :: :: ikl ikl bklôihtrms bklôihtrms dmrrhspmfghf dmrrhspmfghf jl jl lktmrjl lktmrjl gh gh lj lj Shpÿclkdj Shpÿclkdj Ihxkdjfj. Ihxkdjfj. Hl Hl Hstjgm gh Hstjgm gh Dmlkij Dmlkij uckdjgm uckdjgm hf hf lj lj pjrth pjrth mddkghftjl mddkghftjl gh gh lj lj Shpÿclkdj Shpÿclkdj Ihxkdjfj Ihxkdjfj smcrh smcrh ljs ljs dmstjs dmstjs ghl Mdëjfm ghl Mdëjfm Ujdé`kdm Ujdé`kdm tkhfh tkhfh jlrhghgmr jlrhghgmr gh gh :05 :05 Bi. Bi. gh gh dmstj, dmstj, quh quh dmiprhfgh dmiprhfgh lms lms iufkdkpkms iufkdkpkms gh gh Ijfzjfkllm, Jrihréj Ijfzjfkllm, Jrihréj y Whdmiêf Whdmiêf (Daêvhz (Daêvhz――Dmipjrjf, Dmipjrjf, :;;8). :;;8). Tmcrhsjlkhfgm Tmcrhsjlkhfgm lms lms sksthijs sksthijs ljnufjrhs y hstujrkms ljnufjrhs hstujrkms quh quh sh sh hfduhftrjf hfduhftrjf hf hf uf uf prmihgkm prmihgkm gh gh ufm ufm pmr pmr djgj djgj 35 35 bklôihtrms bklôihtrms gh gh léfhj gh dmstj, hftrh lms iês kipmrtjfths hstêf? lj Ljnufj gh Duyutlêf, Ljnufj gh Oulujpjf, Hstujrkm Cmdj Hstujrkm Cmdj gh gh Jpkzj, Jpkzj, Hstujrkm Hstujrkm Hl Hl Dhftkfhlj, Dhftkfhlj, Hsthrm Hsthrm Tjf Tjf Sj`jhl Sj`jhl y Hsthrm Hsthrm Hl Hl Whdujfkllm. Whdujfkllm. Jghiês ghsgh Jghiês ghsgh hl hl puftm puftm gh gh vkstj vkstj `kskmnrê`kdm `kskmnrê`kdm rhsjltjf rhsjltjf ljs ljs Cjaéjs Cjaéjs gh gh Ijfzjfkllm Ijfzjfkllm y Tjftkjnm Tjftkjnm y hl hl sksthij gh sksthij gh gufjs gufjs quh quh shpjrj shpjrj lj lj Ljnufj Ljnufj gh gh Duyutlêf Duyutlêf dmf dmf hl hl mdëjfm. mdëjfm.
:
Hl Hl lktmrjl lktmrjl ghl ghl Hstjgm Hstjgm gh gh Dmlkij Dmlkij sh sh djrjdthrkzj djrjdthrkzj pmr pmr thfhr thfhr ufj ufj hstrhdaj hstrhdaj pljtj`mrij pljtj`mrij dmftkfhftjl dmftkfhftjl hl hl dujl dujl rhgudh rhgudh hl hl pmthfdkjl pmthfdkjl phsquhrm phsquhrm hf hf dmipjrjdkôf dmipjrjdkôf dmf dmf mtrjs mtrjs hftkgjghs hftkgjghs `hghrjtkvjs. `hghrjtkvjs. Tkf Tkf hicjrnm, su hicjrnm, su dlkij dlkij suctrmpkdjl suctrmpkdjl y lj lj dmf`knurjdkôf dmf`knurjdkôf gh gh lj lj dmstj dmstj dmf dmf sus sus iÿltkplhs iÿltkplhs hsthrms hsthrms y ljnufjs dmsthrjs ljnufjs dmsthrjs ajdhf ajdhf gh gh ëstj, ëstj, ufj ufj dmstj dmstj rkdj rkdj hf hf gkvhrskgjg gkvhrskgjg gh gh hsphdkhs hsphdkhs ijrkfjs ijrkfjs smcrh smcrh tmgm tmgm gh gh `jufj `jufj kdtkmlônkdj. kdtkmlônkdj. Hxksthf Hxksthf hf hf su su lktmrjl lktmrjl kipmrtjfths kipmrtjfths prmimftmrkms prmimftmrkms rmdmsms rmdmsms y jdjftkljgms jdjftkljgms dmsthrms quh dmsthrms quh kfdkghf kfdkghf hf hf pjrtkduljr pjrtkduljr hf hf ufj ufj gkvhrskgjg gkvhrskgjg gh gh hsphdkhs hsphdkhs gh gh phdhs. phdhs. Lms hstugkms Lms hstugkms kdtkmlônkdms kdtkmlônkdms sh sh kfkdkjrmf kfkdkjrmf ghsgh ghsgh hl hl `ufdkmfjikhftm `ufdkmfjikhftm ghl ghl Dhftrm Dhftrm Shnkmfjl Shnkmfjl gh gh Kfvhstknjdkmfhs Uhsquhrjs gh Ijfzjfkllm (DSKU―KFU) ghphfgkhfth ghl Kfstktutm Fjdkmfjl gh Uhsdj hf Uhsdj hf :;13. :;13. Hstj Hstj kfstktudkôf kfstktudkôf aj aj rhjlkzjgm rhjlkzjgm kipmrtjfths kipmrtjfths hstugkms hstugkms gh gh hsphdkhs hsphdkhs rkchrhújs rkchrhújs y gh gh jltjijr smcrh jltjijr smcrh tmgm tmgm gh gh jquhlljs jquhlljs gh gh ijymr ijymr kipmrtjfdkj kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl dmihrdkjl (Druz, (Druz, ht jl .., , :;1;2 :;1;2 Druz Druz ht jl ., ., :;;32 :;;32 Hspkfm Hspkfm――Cjrr, Cjrr, ht jl., jl., :;;12 :;;12 Ijgrkg Ijgrkg――Phrj, Phrj, :;;;). :;;;). Hl Hl Kfstktutm Kfstktutm Mdhjfmnrê`kdm Mdhjfmnrê`kdm ghl ghl
Ujdé`kdm gh Ujdé`kdm gh lj lj Thdrhtjréj Thdrhtjréj gh gh Ijrkfj Ijrkfj y lj lj @jdultjg @jdultjg gh gh Dkhfdkjs Dkhfdkjs Ijrkfjs Ijrkfjs gh gh lj lj Xfkvhrskgjg Xfkvhrskgjg gh gh Dmlkij rhjlkzjrmf Dmlkij rhjlkzjrmf hstugkms hstugkms smcrh smcrh phdhs phdhs ghl ghl lktmrjl lktmrjl (Daêvhz (Daêvhz――Dmipjrjf, Dmipjrjf, :;132 :;132 Daêvhz Daêvhz Dmipjrjf, :;1;2 Dmipjrjf, :;1;2 Uërhz Uërhz――Pkvjr, Pkvjr, :;18 :;18 y Fÿúhz Fÿúhz――@hrfêfghz, @hrfêfghz, :;14). :;14). Tkf hicjrnm, Tkf hicjrnm, j phsjr phsjr gh gh lj lj gkvhrskgjg gkvhrskgjg gh gh hsphdkhs hsphdkhs gh gh phdhs phdhs hf hf lms lms jrrhdk`hs jrrhdk`hs uckdjgms uckdjgms hf hf su su zmfj fmrth zmfj fmrth ajf ajf skgm skgm pmdm pmdm hstugkjgjs hstugkjgjs pmr pmr gms gms rjzmfhs rjzmfhs `ufgjihftjlhs? `ufgjihftjlhs? :) :) iudaj iudaj gh gh ëstj ëstj `jufj hs `jufj hs phquhúj phquhúj y djrhdh djrhdh gh gh vjlmr vjlmr dmihrdkjl dmihrdkjl y 3) 3) su su hstugkm hstugkm y dmlhdtj dmlhdtj hs hs gk`édkl gk`édkl pmr pmr jrths jrths gh gh phsdj trjgkdkmfjl. phsdj trjgkdkmfjl. Hstj Hstj `jufj `jufj dmrrh dmrrh hl hl rkhsnm rkhsnm gh gh fm fm dmfmdhrsh dmfmdhrsh fk fk dmfskghrjrsh dmfskghrjrsh dmim dmim uf uf hlhihftm ckmlônkdm hlhihftm ckmlônkdm gh gh nrjf nrjf vjlmr vjlmr pmr pmr hl hl ghsjrrmllm ghsjrrmllm turéstkdm turéstkdm ghl ghl lktmrjl lktmrjl dmlkihfsh, dmlkihfsh, smcrh smcrh tmgm tmgm hf hf ljs ljs cjaéjs cjaéjs gh gh Ijfzjfkllm Ijfzjfkllm y Tjftkjnm Tjftkjnm quh quh aj aj skgm skgm kfthfsm kfthfsm hf hf ljs ljs ÿltkijs ÿltkijs gëdjgjs gëdjgjs imgk`kdjfgm su imgk`kdjfgm su lktmrjl lktmrjl ihgkjfth ihgkjfth mcrjs mcrjs pmrtujrkjs, pmrtujrkjs, djfjlhs, djfjlhs, ijrkfjs ijrkfjs y hspknmfhs. hspknmfhs. Hxksthf Hxksthf prmnrjijs gh prmnrjijs gh kfvhrskôf kfvhrskôf j `uturm, `uturm, pmr pmr lm lm quh quh su su kipjdtm kipjdtm jickhftjl jickhftjl smcrh smcrh hl hl lktmrjl lktmrjl pmgréj pmgréj shr shr gh gh dmfshduhfdkjs dmfshduhfdkjs krrhvhrskclhs. krrhvhrskclhs. Hl ghsjrrmllm hdmfôikdm ghl lktmrjl ghl Hstjgm gh Dmlkij y sus h`hdtms smcrh lms sksthijs hdmlônkdms dmsthrms hdmlônkdms dmsthrms aj aj hxphrkihftjgm hxphrkihftjgm hf hf lms lms ÿltkims ÿltkims júms júms h`hdtms h`hdtms fhnjtkvms, fhnjtkvms, dmim? dmim? hl hl prmclhij gh prmclhij gh dmftjikfjdkôf dmftjikfjdkôf gh gh lj lj Ljnufj Ljnufj gh gh Duyutlêf Duyutlêf y Cjaéj Cjaéj Ijfzjfkllm Ijfzjfkllm pmr pmr ghrrjihs ghrrjihs gh gh
3
akgrmdjrcurms y jnujs akgrmdjrcurms jnujs fhnrjs fhnrjs gmiëstkdjs2 gmiëstkdjs2 lj lj ghstruddkôf ghstruddkôf hdmlônkdj hdmlônkdj gh gh lj lj Ljnufj Ljnufj gh gh Oulujpjf Oulujpjf dmf `kfhs gh dmfstrukr ufj ijrkfj gh yjths (:;10)2 lj imgk`kdjdkôf tmtjl gh lj Ljnufj gh Tjf Uhgrktm pjrj Uhgrktm pjrj gjr gjr lunjr lunjr jl jl Uuhrtm Uuhrtm Kfthrkmr Kfthrkmr gh gh Tjf Tjf Uhgrktm Uhgrktm (:;>0), (:;>0), sôlm sôlm pmr pmr ihfdkmfjr ihfdkmfjr jlnufms. jlnufms. Tkf hicjrnm Tkf hicjrnm tmgjvéj tmgjvéj sh sh puhghf puhghf ajdhr ajdhr hs`uhrzms hs`uhrzms gh gh ijfhom ijfhom dmsthrm dmsthrm pjrj pjrj rhvhrtkr rhvhrtkr hstj hstj thfghfdkj, yj thfghfdkj, yj quh quh hxksth hxksth ufj ufj nrjf nrjf pmrdkôf pmrdkôf ghl ghl lktmrjl lktmrjl dmlkihfsh dmlkihfsh gmfgh gmfgh lms lms hdmsksthijs hdmsksthijs dmsthrms jÿf dmsthrms jÿf sh sh hfduhftrjf hfduhftrjf `uhrj `uhrj gh gh lj lj kf`luhfdkj kf`luhfdkj auijfj. auijfj. Jfth hl Jfth hl ghsjrrmllm ghsjrrmllm prhshfth prhshfth y `uturm `uturm ghl ghl lktmrjl lktmrjl gh gh Dmlkij Dmlkij hs hs fhdhsjrkm fhdhsjrkm kfvhftjrkjr kfvhftjrkjr dujlhs dujlhs smf lms smf lms prkfdkpjlhs prkfdkpjlhs dmipmfhfths dmipmfhfths ckmlônkdms ckmlônkdms gh gh sus sus hdmsksthijs hdmsksthijs dmf dmf hsphdkjl hsphdkjl ëf`jsks ëf`jsks j lms lms jrrhdk`hs rmdmsms jrrhdk`hs rmdmsms y dmrjlkfms dmrjlkfms gmfgh gmfgh jlchrnj jlchrnj lj lj ijymr ijymr ckmijsj ckmijsj jfkijl jfkijl (kfvhrthcrjgms (kfvhrthcrjgms y phdhs), jsé dmim phdhs), dmim hl hl `ufdkmfjikhftm `ufdkmfjikhftm gh gh hstms hstms sksthijs sksthijs dmsthrms dmsthrms pjrj pjrj quh quh sh sh lmnrh lmnrh hl hl ijfhom susthftjclh ijfhom susthftjclh gh gh hstms. hstms. Hs Hs pmr pmr hstj hstj rjzôf, rjzôf, sh sh prhshftj prhshftj hsth hsth djtêlmnm djtêlmnm gh gh phdhs phdhs gh gh jrrhdk`hs rmdmsms jrrhdk`hs rmdmsms――dmrjlkfms dmrjlkfms ghl ghl lktmrjl lktmrjl gh gh Dmlkij, Dmlkij, Iëxkdm Iëxkdm dmf dmf `kfhs `kfhs hdm hdm――turéstkdms turéstkdms y gh gh dmfshrvjdkôf pjrj dmfshrvjdkôf pjrj dmftrkcukr dmftrkcukr jl jl dmfmdkikhftm dmfmdkikhftm gh gh lms lms rhdursms rhdursms fjturjlhs fjturjlhs y dmftjr dmftjr dmf dmf jfthdhghfths akstôrkdms jfthdhghfths akstôrkdms gh gh nrjf nrjf vjlmr vjlmr pjrj pjrj `uturjs `uturjs nhfhrjdkmfhs. nhfhrjdkmfhs. MCOHWKPM NHFHSJL. MCOHWKPM NHFHSJL.
Hljcmrjr uf Hljcmrjr uf djtêlmnm djtêlmnm ghsdrkptkvm ghsdrkptkvm y `mtmnrê`kdm `mtmnrê`kdm gh gh lj lj `jufj `jufj kdtkmlônkdj kdtkmlônkdj gh gh Uuftj Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs, Djrrkzjlhs, Dmlkij dmf hl mcohtkvm gh rhsjltjr su vjlmr hdmlônkdm pjrj `kfhs gh dmfshrvjdkôf y jprmvhdajikhftm hdm jprmvhdajikhftm hdm――turéstkdj. turéstkdj. MCOHWKPMT UJSWKDXLJSHT MCOHWKPMT UJSWKDXLJSHT Hljcmrjr ufj Hljcmrjr ufj lkstj lkstj sksthiêtkdj sksthiêtkdj jdtujlkzjgj jdtujlkzjgj gh gh ljs ljs hsphdkhs hsphdkhs gh gh aêcktjt aêcktjt rmdmsms rmdmsms y dmrjlkfms dmrjlkfms gh gh Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs, Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs, Dmlkij. Dmlkij. Shjlkzjr ufj Shjlkzjr ufj ghsdrkpdkôf ghsdrkpdkôf skfôptkdj skfôptkdj (kfdluyhfgm (kfdluyhfgm `mtmnrj`éjs) `mtmnrj`éjs) gh gh djgj djgj ufj ufj gh gh ljs ljs hsphdkhs hsphdkhs tjlhs dmim? tjlhs dmim? `jiklkj, `jiklkj, fmicrh fmicrh dkhfté`kdm, dkhfté`kdm, fmicrh fmicrh dmiÿf, dmiÿf, gkstrkcudkôf gkstrkcudkôf nhmnrê`kdj, nhmnrê`kdj, jsphdtms jsphdtms ckmlônkdms, hstjtus gh jihfjzj y rh`hrhfdkj ckclkmnrj`éj.
4
OXTWK@KDJDKÔF OXTWK@KDJDKÔF
Hl Hl lktmrjl lktmrjl gh gh Dmlkij Dmlkij hstê hstê sktujgm sktujgm hf hf lj lj pjrth pjrth dhftrjl dhftrjl ghl ghl Ujdk`kdm Ujdk`kdm Ihxkdjfm Ihxkdjfm y hs hs kf`luhfdkjgm kf`luhfdkjgm pmr vjrkjs pmr vjrkjs dmrrkhfths dmrrkhfths ijrkfjs ijrkfjs lm lm dujl dujl kf`luyh kf`luyh hf hf ufj ufj djrjdthrkzjdkôf djrjdthrkzjdkôf ckmnhmnrj`kdj ckmnhmnrj`kdj iuy iuy pjrtkduljr. Hf pjrtkduljr. Hf hsphdk`kdm hsphdk`kdm Uuftj Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs Djrrkzjlhs hs hs gh gh lm lm pmdms pmdms jrrhdk`hs jrrhdk`hs dmrjlkfms dmrjlkfms ghl ghl Ujdk`kdm Ujdk`kdm Dhftrjl Ihxkdjfm Dhftrjl Ihxkdjfm gmfgh gmfgh hl hl pmrdhftjoh pmrdhftjoh gh gh dmrjl dmrjl vkvm vkvm hs hs ijymr ijymr quh quh mtrms mtrms sktkms. sktkms. Lj Lj ckmijsj ckmijsj jfkijl prhshfth jfkijl prhshfth hf hf Uuftj Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs Djrrkzjlhs hs hs skf skf gugj, gugj, lj lj ijymr ijymr dmfdhftrjdkôf dmfdhftrjdkôf hf hf tmgm tmgm hl hl lktmrjl lktmrjl dmlkihfsh. dmlkihfsh. Hl Hl dmfmdkikhftm dmfmdkikhftm gh gh ckmgkvhrskgjg ckmgkvhrskgjg ijrkfj ijrkfj y su su ghsdrkpdkôf ghsdrkpdkôf hs hs pjrth pjrth `ufgjihftjl `ufgjihftjl pjrj pjrj hl hl ghsjrrmllm gh hstrjthnkjs pjrj su usm y dmfshrvjdkôf susthftjclh gh hstms. Hf pjrtkduljr, lj `jufj kdtkmlmnéj `jufj kdtkmlmnéj (phdhs) (phdhs) hs hs ufm ufm gh gh lms lms dmipmfhfths dmipmfhfths prkfdkpjlhs prkfdkpjlhs ghl ghl ihgkm ihgkm ijrkfm ijrkfm y su su pjphl hf pjphl hf hl hl hdmsksthij hdmsksthij rhvksth rhvksth gh gh nrjf nrjf kipmrtjfdkj kipmrtjfdkj hf hf lj lj djghfj djghfj jlkihftkdkj jlkihftkdkj gh gh lm lm mdëjfm. mdëjfm. Jghiês, hl Jghiês, hl kfthrës kfthrës gh gh lms lms phdhs phdhs ghsgh ghsgh puftm puftm gh gh vkstj vkstj hdmfôikdm hdmfôikdm dmim dmim `uhfth `uhfth gh gh jlkihftm jlkihftm y turéstkdm turéstkdm hs hs rhlhvjfth rhlhvjfth hf hf ljs ljs zmfjs zmfjs dmsthrjs. dmsthrjs. Hf Hf pjrtkduljr pjrtkduljr hl hl djtêlmnm djtêlmnm prhshftj prhshftj gh gh ijfhrj ijfhrj skfôptkdj skfôptkdj y dmf dmf kiênhfhs kiênhfhs gknktjlhs gknktjlhs ljs ljs hsphdkhs gh hsphdkhs gh phdhs phdhs hf hf su su ihgkm ihgkm jickhfth jickhfth fjturjl fjturjl (jrrhdk`hs (jrrhdk`hs rmdmsms rmdmsms y dmrjlkfms) dmrjlkfms) quh quh kfdluyhf tjftm kfdluyhf tjftm hsphdkhs hsphdkhs dmihrdkjlhs dmihrdkjlhs dmim dmim mtrjs mtrjs quh quh smf smf kipmrtjfths kipmrtjfths hf hf hl hl ijfthfkikhftm ijfthfkikhftm gh lj hstjcklkgjg hdmlônkdj gh hstms jickhfths. Gkdam djtêlmnm hs ufj dmftrkcudkôf jl
dmfmdkikhftm gh dmfmdkikhftm gh lms lms rhdursms rhdursms fjturjlhs fjturjlhs ghl ghl lktmrjl lktmrjl ghl ghl Dmlkij Dmlkij rhsjltjfgm rhsjltjfgm lj lj kipmrtjfdkj kipmrtjfdkj gh gh hstms jickhfths hstms jickhfths ijrkfms ijrkfms pjrj pjrj su su dmfshrvjdkôf dmfshrvjdkôf y usm usm rhdrhjtkvm rhdrhjtkvm――turéstkdm. turéstkdm. JFWHDHGHFWHT
J dmftkfujdkôf dmftkfujdkôf sh sh ajdh ajdh uf uf jfêlksks jfêlksks drmfmlônkdm drmfmlônkdm y ckclkmnrê`kdm ckclkmnrê`kdm gh gh lms lms prkfdkpjlhs prkfdkpjlhs gh gh trjcjoms trjcjoms h kfvhstknjdkmfhs kfvhstknjdkmfhs hf hf hl hl êicktm êicktm phsquhrm phsquhrm y ckmlônkdm. ckmlônkdm.
J ihgkjgms gh lms >5·s lj Thdrhtjréj gh Kfgustrkj y Dmihrdkm (Kfstktutm Fjdkmfjl gh Uhsdj, :;>0) puclkdô :;>0) puclkdô hl hl “Djtêlmnm Djtêlmnm gh gh Uhdhs Uhdhs Ijrkfms Ijrkfms Ihxkdjfms Ihxkdjfms’’ lm lm dujl dujl dmfskstéj dmfskstéj hf hf ghsdrkpdkôf ghsdrkpdkôf
7
skfôptkdj gh skfôptkdj gh 857 857 hsphdkhs hsphdkhs (prkfdkpjlihfth (prkfdkpjlihfth hsphdkhs hsphdkhs dmihrdkjlhs) dmihrdkjlhs) y `mtmnrj`éjs `mtmnrj`éjs gh gh hstms hstms (iuhrtms) hf (iuhrtms) hf cljfdm cljfdm y fhnrm. fhnrm. Djstrm Djstrm――Jnukrrh, Jnukrrh, (:;>1) (:;>1) puclkdm puclkdm hl hl “Djtêlmnm Djtêlmnm sksthiêtkdm sksthiêtkdm gh gh lms phdhs lms phdhs ijrkfms ijrkfms quh quh phfhtrjf phfhtrjf j ljs ljs jnujs jnujs dmftkfhftjlhs dmftkfhftjlhs gh gh Iëxkdm Iëxkdm dmf dmf jsphdtms jsphdtms zmmnhmnrê`kdms y hdmlônkdms zmmnhmnrê`kdms hdmlônkdms’’ kghftk`kdjfgm kghftk`kdjfgm 4;3 4;3 hsphdkhs hsphdkhs gh gh phdhs phdhs gh gh jickhfths jickhfths hstujrkfms. Wamipsmf hstujrkfms. Wamipsmf ht jl., jl., (:;1>) (:;1>) gjf gjf j dmfmdhr dmfmdhr hl hl lkcrm lkcrm “Shh` `ksahs `ksahs m` tah tah Thj Thj m` Dmrthz’’ quh Dmrthz quh duhftj duhftj dmf dmf ufj ufj ghsdrkpdkôf ghsdrkpdkôf ghtjlljgj ghtjlljgj gh gh ljs ljs hsphdkhs hsphdkhs imstrjfgm imstrjfgm gkcuoms gkcuoms jrtéstkdms j cljfdm jrtéstkdms cljfdm y fhnrm, fhnrm, `mtmnrj`éjs `mtmnrj`éjs j cljfdm cljfdm y fhnrm fhnrm jsé dmim dmim j dmlmr dmlmr gh gh ljs ljs hsphdkhs hsphdkhs hf hf su su ihgkm ihgkm jickhfth jickhfth fjturjl. fjturjl. Nmmgsmf, Nmmgsmf, (:;11) (:;11) puclkdô puclkdô “@ksahs @ksahs m` tah tah Ujdk`kd Ujdk`kd Dmjst ’ lm lm dujl dujl dmfsksth hf dmfsksth hf ufj ufj ghsdrkpdkôf ghsdrkpdkôf gh gh ljs ljs hsphdkhs, hsphdkhs, dmf dmf gkcuoms gkcuoms jrtéstkdms jrtéstkdms j dmlmr. dmlmr. @JM @JM (:;;8) (:;;8) puclkdj “Nuéj puclkdj Nuéj @JM @JM pjrj pjrj lj lj kghftk`kdjdkôf kghftk`kdjdkôf gh gh hsphdkhs hsphdkhs pjrj pjrj lms lms `kfhs `kfhs gh gh lj lj phsdj phsdj’’ hstj hstj nuéj nuéj dmfsksth hf dmfsksth hf trhs trhs vmlÿihfhs vmlÿihfhs gmfgh gmfgh sh sh iuhstrjf iuhstrjf gkcuoms gkcuoms jrtéstkdms jrtéstkdms hf hf cljfdm cljfdm y fhnrm fhnrm y ufj ufj ghsdrkpdkôf nhfhrjl gh ljs hsphdkhs. Nmtsajll, (:;;1) puclkdj “Thj m` Dmrthz Ijrkfh Jfkijls’’ lm Jfkijls lm dujl dujl prhshftj prhshftj jghiês jghiês gh gh lj lj ghsdrkpdkôf ghsdrkpdkôf gh gh ljs ljs hsphdkhs hsphdkhs ufj ufj imgjlkgjg imgjlkgjg gh gh prhshftjr `mtmnrj`éjs prhshftjr `mtmnrj`éjs gh gh ljs ljs hsphdkhs hsphdkhs hf hf su su ihgkm ihgkm jickhfth jickhfth fjturjl. fjturjl. Jllhf Jllhf y Smchrtsmf Smchrtsmf (:;;1) gjf (:;;1) gjf j dmfmdhr dmfmdhr hl hl lkcrm lkcrm “Uhdhs Uhdhs ghl Ujdé`kdm Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl Wrmpkdjl ’ quh quh hs hs ufm ufm gh gh lms lms lkcrms lkcrms iês kipmrtjfths iês kipmrtjfths pjrj pjrj lj lj kghftk`kdjdkôf kghftk`kdjdkôf gh gh ljs ljs hsphdkhs hsphdkhs dmf dmf `mtmnrj`éjs `mtmnrj`éjs gh gh phdhs phdhs hf hf su su ihgkm jickhfth ihgkm jickhfth fjturjl. fjturjl. Bfmp` (3555) (3555) hljcmrj hljcmrj “@khlg nukgh nukgh tm tm `ksahs, `ksahs, wajlhs wajlhs & gmlpakfs gmlpakfs’’ duhftj dmf duhftj dmf `mtmnrj`éjs `mtmnrj`éjs gh gh phdhs phdhs hf hf su su aêcktjt. aêcktjt. Jllhf Jllhf ht jl., jl., (3554) (3554) gjf gjf j dmfmdhr dmfmdhr hl hl lkcrm lkcrm “Shh` `ksa `ksa kghftk`kdjtkmf kghftk`kdjtkmf trmpkdjl Ujdk`kd Ujdk`kd’’ quh quh prhshftj prhshftj ufj ufj ghsdrkpdkôf ghsdrkpdkôf nhfhrjl nhfhrjl gh gh ljs ljs hsphdkhs dmf hsphdkhs dmf `mtmnrj`éjs `mtmnrj`éjs hf hf su su ihgkm ihgkm jickhfth jickhfth fjturjl. fjturjl. Hf Hf hl hl êicktm êicktm rhnkmfjl, rhnkmfjl, Hspkfm Hspkfm――Cjrr Cjrr ht jl., jl., (3557j) (3557j) y (3557c) (3557c) hljcmrjf hljcmrjf hl hl “Djtêlmnm Djtêlmnm gh gh phdhs phdhs ijrkfms dmf ijrkfms dmf vjlmr dmihrdkjl djpturjgms djpturjgms hf hf lj lj dmstj dmstj gh gh Dmlkij, Dmlkij, Iëxkdm Iëxkdm’’ jsé dmim dmim hl hl
“Djtêlmnm Djtêlmnm gh gh hsphdkhs hsphdkhs ijrkfjs ijrkfjs dmf dmf vjlmr dmihrdkjl gh gh lj lj dmstj dmstj gh gh Ojlksdm, Ojlksdm, Iëxkdm Iëxkdm’’ lm lm dujl dujl ghsdrkchf ljs ghsdrkchf ljs hsphdkhs hsphdkhs dmihrdkjlhs dmihrdkjlhs y gjtms gjtms gh gh éfgmlh éfgmlh phsquhrm phsquhrm dmim dmim drhdkikhftm drhdkikhftm y djpturjs akstôrkdjs. djpturjs akstôrkdjs. Wjickëf Wjickëf prhshftj prhshftj kiênhfhs kiênhfhs j dmlmr dmlmr gh gh ljs ljs hsphdkhs hsphdkhs gh gh su su dmlhddkôf dmlhddkôf (phdhs iuhrtms). (phdhs iuhrtms).
8
GHTDSKUDKÔF GH LJ _MFJ DMTWHSJ GHL HTWJGM GH DMLKIJ
Hl Hl Hstjgm Hstjgm gh gh Dmlkij Dmlkij sh sh hfduhftrj hfduhftrj sktujgm sktujgm smcrh smcrh lj lj dmstj dmstj ihrkgkmfjl ihrkgkmfjl ghl ghl Mdëjfm Mdëjfm Ujdé`kdm, Ujdé`kdm, µ
µ
µ
µ
hftrh lms :54 :;'35'' y lms :57 7:'73'' gh Lmfnktug Mhsth y hftrh lms :1 7:':>'' y lms :; 4:'35'' Ljtktug 4:'35'' Ljtktug Fmrth Fmrth (@knurj (@knurj :). :). Hs Hs ufm ufm gh gh lms lms Hstjgms Hstjgms ijs ijs phquhúms phquhúms ghl ghl pjés, pjés, tkhfh tkhfh 8,873.>73 Bi3 gh 8,873.>73 gh suphr`kdkh suphr`kdkh dmftkfhftjl2 dmftkfhftjl2 rhprhshftj rhprhshftj hl hl 5.4 5.4 pmr pmr dkhftm dkhftm gh gh lj lj suphr`kdkh suphr`kdkh tmtjl tmtjl ghl pjés ghl pjés (Druz (Druz――Mrtkz, Mrtkz, :;1;). :;1;).
@knurj :. @knurj :. Xckdjdkôf Xckdjdkôf nhmnrê`kdj nhmnrê`kdj ghl Hstjgm Hstjgm gh gh Dmlkij Dmlkij Hl Hl Hstjgm Hstjgm gh gh Dmlkij Dmlkij duhftj duhftj dmf dmf jprmxkijgjihfth jprmxkijgjihfth :05 :05 Bi. Bi. gh gh lktmrjl. lktmrjl. Gh Gh hsth hsth lktmrjl lktmrjl hl hl ;5% ;5% dmrrhspmfgh j pljyjs dmrrhspmfgh pljyjs jrhfmsjs jrhfmsjs y gufjs, gufjs, y hl hl :5% :5% gh gh prmimftmrkms prmimftmrkms rmdmsms. rmdmsms. Hf Hf lj lj rhnkôf rhnkôf
dmsthrj sh dmsthrj sh lmdjlkzjf lmdjlkzjf lms lms iufkdkpkms iufkdkpkms gh gh Whdmiêf, Whdmiêf, Jrihréj Jrihréj y Ijfzjfkllm. Ijfzjfkllm. Ljs Ljs jdtkvkgjghs jdtkvkgjghs hdmfôikdjs kipmrtjfths hdmfôikdjs kipmrtjfths hf hf ljs ljs êrhjs êrhjs dmsthrjs dmsthrjs ghl ghl hstjgm hstjgm smf? smf? lj lj pmrtujrkj, pmrtujrkj, lj lj turéstkdj, turéstkdj, lj lj
0
hxplmtjdkôf ikfhrj, hxplmtjdkôf ikfhrj, lj lj kfgustrkj kfgustrkj gh gh lj lj dmfstruddkôf, dmfstruddkôf, lj lj kfgustrkj kfgustrkj gh gh lms lms détrkdms, détrkdms, lj lj hxplmtjdkôf hxplmtjdkôf gh gh sjlkfjs, sjlkfjs, phsdj phsdj y jnrkdulturj. jnrkdulturj. Ghftrm gh Ghftrm gh lj lj dmf`knurjdkôf dmf`knurjdkôf gh gh lj lj dmstj dmstj rhsjltj rhsjltj ljs ljs cjaéjs cjaéjs gh gh Ijfzjfkllm Ijfzjfkllm y Tjftkjnm Tjftkjnm gmfgh gmfgh lj lj ijymr ghfskgjg gh pmcljdkôf urcjfj sh dmfdhftrj. Ghsgh hl puftm gh vkstj kdtkmlônkdm ljs zmfjs rmdmsjs zmfjs rmdmsjs y dmrjlkfjs dmrjlkfjs smf smf lms lms quh quh ijymr ijymr dmfdhftrjdkôf dmfdhftrjdkôf gh gh phdhs phdhs ijftkhfhf ijftkhfhf y hstjs hstjs hstêf sktujgjs hstêf sktujgjs hf hf ljs ljs cjaéjs cjaéjs gh gh Ijfzjfkllm Ijfzjfkllm y Tjftkjnm. Tjftkjnm. Ljs Ljs zmfjs zmfjs rmdmsjs rmdmsjs y dmrjlkfjs dmrjlkfjs ghl ghl lktmrjl gh lktmrjl gh Dmlkij Dmlkij hstê hstê kfthnrjgj kfthnrjgj ghsgh ghsgh lj lj Uuftj Uuftj gh gh Djipms Djipms (hf (hf hl hl sur), sur), ajstj ajstj Uuftj Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs (hf Djrrkzjlhs (hf hl hl fmrth) fmrth) (@knurj (@knurj 3). 3).
@knurj 3. @knurj 3. Êrhjs Êrhjs rmdmsjs rmdmsjs y dmrjlkfjs dmrjlkfjs ghl lktmrjl ghl Dmlkij, Dmlkij, Iëxkdm. Iëxkdm.
>
GHTDSKUDKÔF NHMNSÊ@KDJ GHTDSKUDKÔF NHMNSÊ@KDJ GHL GHL ÊSHJ ÊSHJ GH GH IJF_JFKLLM IJF_JFKLLM Hl Hl Iufkdkpkm Iufkdkpkm gh gh Ijfzjfkllm Ijfzjfkllm sh sh lmdjlkzj lmdjlkzj hf hf lj lj pjrth pjrth fmrmhsth fmrmhsth ghl ghl Hstjgm Hstjgm gh gh Dmlkij, Dmlkij, hftrh hftrh lms lms :; 3>'3;'' 3>'3;'' Ljtktug Ljtktug Fmrth Fmrth y :57 4>'::5'' 4>'::5'' Lmfnktug Lmfnktug Mhsth. Mhsth. Duhftj Duhftj dmf dmf ufj ufj suphr`kdkh suphr`kdkh µ
µ
jprmxkijgj gh jprmxkijgj gh :,443.>3> :,443.>3> bi3 (Thd. (Thd. Urmnrjijdkôf Urmnrjijdkôf y Urhsupuhstm, Urhsupuhstm, :;1:), :;1:), nhmnrê`kdjihfth nhmnrê`kdjihfth hs hs hl iês hxthfsm gh lms gkhz iufkdkpkms quh kfthnrjf hl Hstjgm gh Dmlkij (@knurj 4).
@knurj 4. @knurj 4. Xckdjdkôf Xckdjdkôf nhmnrê`kdj nhmnrê`kdj ghl Iufkdkpkm Iufkdkpkm gh gh Ijfzjfkllm Ijfzjfkllm DLKIJ DLKIJ Hl Hl dlkij dlkij prhgmikfjfth prhgmikfjfth hs hs dêlkgm dêlkgm suc suc――aÿihgm aÿihgm dmf dmf lluvkjs lluvkjs hf hf vhrjfm vhrjfm y mtmúm mtmúm y shdm shdm hf hf kfvkhrfm kfvkhrfm y prkijvhrj, prkijvhrj, lj lj thiphrjturj thiphrjturj jickhfth jickhfth jfujl jfujl hs hs gh gh 4:.7 D2 D2 lj lj auihgjg auihgjg rhljtkvj rhljtkvj msdklj msdklj hftrh hftrh hl hl µ
>5 y hl >; pmr dkhftm, dmf ufj prhdkpktjdkôf ihgkj jfujl gh ;18.4 ii (Mrtkz―Nuhrrj, :;1;). IJSHJT IJSHJT Lj Lj ijrhj ijrhj ghl ghl puhrtm puhrtm gh gh Ijfzjfkllm Ijfzjfkllm hs hs shikgkurfj shikgkurfj ikxtj ikxtj (gms (gms plhjijrhs plhjijrhs y gms gms cjojijrhs cjojijrhs gh gh gk`hrhfths gk`hrhfths ijnfktughs) ijnfktughs) hf hf uf uf géj géj thfkhfgm thfkhfgm uf uf rjfnm rjfnm gh gh >5 >5 di di hf hf djgj djgj géj géj hftrh hftrh lj lj cjojijr y lj cjojijr lj jltj jltj ijrhj. ijrhj. Lj Lj jiplktug jiplktug ihgkj ihgkj gh gh ijrhj ijrhj hs hs gh gh 5.40 5.40 ihtrms ihtrms (Wjclj (Wjclj K). K).
1
Wjclj K. Wjclj K. Ijrhjs Ijrhjs hf hf hl hl Uuhrtm Uuhrtm gh gh Ijfzjfkllm Ijfzjfkllm FMICSH Ulhjijr iêxkij Ulhjijr iêxkij rhnkstrjgj rhnkstrjgj Fkvhl gh Fkvhl gh plhjijr plhjijr ihgkj ihgkj suphrkmr suphrkmr Fkvhl gh Fkvhl gh plhjijr plhjijr ihgkj ihgkj Fkvhl ihgkm Fkvhl ihgkm ghl ghl ijr ijr Fkvhl gh Fkvhl gh ijrhj ijrhj ihgkj ihgkj Fkvhl gh Fkvhl gh cjojijr cjojijr ihgkj ihgkj Fkvhl gh cjojijr kf`hrkmr Cjojijr rhnkstrjgj Cjojijr rhnkstrjgj
HLHPJDKMF +5.171 +5.171 +5.444 +5.444 +5.3>3 +5.3>3 5.555 5.555 5―558 558 5.307 ―5.307 ―5.4;1 ―5.11; 5.11;
@uhfth? Jfôfkim, Jfôfkim, :;18.
MLHJOH MLHJOH Hl Hl pjtrôf pjtrôf nhfhrjl nhfhrjl gh gh mlhjoh mlhjoh quh quh sh sh aj aj mcshrvjgm mcshrvjgm hf hf hstj hstj rhnkôf rhnkôf sh sh dmipmrtj dmipmrtj gh gh ijfhrj ijfhrj hstjdkmfjl. Ljs hstjdkmfjl. Ljs mljs mljs quh quh prhgmikfjf prhgmikfjf gurjfth gurjfth lj lj ijymr ijymr pjrth pjrth ghl ghl júm júm smf smf gh gh gkrhddkôf gkrhddkôf Mhsth y su Mhsth su jlturj jlturj hs hs ihfmr ihfmr gh gh 3.>8 3.>8 ihtrms. ihtrms. Hf Hf kfvkhrfm kfvkhrfm sh sh mcshrvjf mcshrvjf mljs mljs quh quh llhnjf llhnjf ghl ghl Fmrhsth y Fmrmhsth Fmrhsth Fmrmhsth dmf dmf ufj ufj jlturj jlturj ijymr ijymr gh gh 3.>8 3.>8 ihtrms. ihtrms. Hf Hf vhrjfm vhrjfm sh sh prhshftjf prhshftjf mljs mljs ghl ghl Tur y ghl Tur ghl Tur5sth Tur5sth `rhduhfthihfth `rhduhfthihfth jsmdkjgjs jsmdkjgjs j dkdlmfhs dkdlmfhs dmf dmf jlturjs jlturjs ajstj ajstj gh gh ; ihtrms ihtrms hf hf hl hl ijr jckhrtm. ijr jckhrtm. Hl Hl phrkmgm phrkmgm sknfk`kdjfth sknfk`kdjfth gh gh lj lj mlj mlj hs hs gh gh :5 :5 shnufgms shnufgms y lj lj jlturj jlturj sknfk`kdjfth sknfk`kdjfth hs hs gh gh 3.>8 3.>8 ihtrms ihtrms (Nmfzêlhz (Nmfzêlhz――Dajvjrkf, Dajvjrkf, :;11). :;11). Lj Lj jlturj jlturj gh gh ljs ljs mljs mljs prmihgkm prmihgkm jfujl jfujl sh sh hstkij hstkij hf hf :.:3 :.:3 ihtrms. ihtrms.
DMSSKHFWHT. DMSSKHFWHT. Gh jduhrgm Gh jduhrgm dmf dmf Dlhihfth Dlhihfth――Sjiérhz Sjiérhz (:;;:), (:;;:), ljs ljs dmrrkhfths dmrrkhfths rhnkstrjgjs rhnkstrjgjs hf hf lj lj zmfj zmfj imstrjrmf imstrjrmf ufj vhlmdkgjg ufj vhlmdkgjg iéfkij iéfkij gh gh 4.0> 4.0> di/shn di/shn y lj lj iêxkij iêxkij gh gh :8.0> :8.0> di/shn di/shn dmf dmf uf uf prmihgkm prmihgkm gh gh ― 1.43 di/shn skhfgm hl vkhftm lj prkfdkpjl `uhrzj imtrkz hf hsj êrhj. Njlkdkj Uërhz (:;1>) tkhfhf ufj ufj ijnfktug ijnfktug hfdmftrô quh hfdmftrô quh ljs ljs hlkpshs hlkpshs gh gh dmrrkhfth dmrrkhfth gh gh ijrhj, ijrhj, gh gh lj lj T3 y I3 tkhfhf iêxkij gh iêxkij gh :.8 :.8 y :.3 :.3 di/shn di/shn rhsphdtkvjihfth, rhsphdtkvjihfth, hf hf tmgj tmgj lj lj Cjaéj Cjaéj gh gh Ijfzjfkllm, Ijfzjfkllm, rmtjfgm rmtjfgm j `jvmr gh `jvmr gh ljs ljs ijfhdklljs ijfhdklljs ghl ghl rhlmo rhlmo (nkrm (nkrm jftkdkdlôfkdm). jftkdkdlôfkdm). Hf Hf lj lj Cjaéj Cjaéj gh gh Tjftkjnm Tjftkjnm sudhgh sudhgh lm lm dmftrjrkm dmf dmftrjrkm dmf uf uf nkrm nkrm dkdlôfkdm dkdlôfkdm hf hf dmftrj dmftrj gh gh ljs ljs ijfhdklljs ijfhdklljs gh gh rhlmo rhlmo nhfhrjfgm nhfhrjfgm ufj ufj dmrrkhfth lktmrjl dmrrkhfth lktmrjl dmf dmf su su rhsphdtkvm rhsphdtkvm trjfspmrth trjfspmrth gh gh jrhfj jrhfj dmf dmf gkrhddkôf gkrhddkôf j lj lj Uljyj Uljyj gh gh lj lj Cmquktj. Hstj Cmquktj. Hstj gkfêikdj gkfêikdj sh sh mcshrvj mcshrvj dljrjihfth dljrjihfth dôim dôim hl hl pjtrôf pjtrôf gh gh lj lj jrhfj jrhfj sh sh jduiulj jduiulj j lm lm
;
ljrnm gh ljrnm gh lj lj Cjaéj Cjaéj gh gh Tjftkjnm, Tjftkjnm, phrm phrm jl jl llhnjr llhnjr j lj lj Uljyj Uljyj gh gh lj lj Cmquktj Cmquktj hstj hstj jrhfj jrhfj hftrj hftrj j lj lj
Ljnufj gh Ljnufj gh Oulujpjf Oulujpjf prmvmdjfgm prmvmdjfgm uf uf jzmlvjikhftm jzmlvjikhftm gh gh hstj hstj (hstj (hstj dmfgkdkôf dmfgkdkôf sh sh aj aj mcshrvjgm mcshrvjgm dujfgm lj dujfgm lj Ljnufj Ljnufj gh gh Oulujpjf Oulujpjf tkhfh tkhfh dmiufkdjdkôf dmiufkdjdkôf dmf dmf hl hl mdëjfm). mdëjfm). Umsthrkmr Umsthrkmr j lj lj ljnufj ljnufj thfhims ufj thfhims ufj pljyj pljyj gh gh djftms djftms rmgjgms rmgjgms hxhftj hxhftj gh gh jrhfj jrhfj `kfj. `kfj. Dmf Dmf rhljdkôf rhljdkôf j lj lj sjlkfkgjg sjlkfkgjg sh sh tkhfh ufj tkhfh ufj iêxkij iêxkij gh gh 4>.> 4>.> pmr pmr dkhftm, dkhftm, ufj ufj ihgkj ihgkj gh gh 47.3 47.3 pmr pmr dkhftm. dkhftm.
SHDXSTMT KDWKMLÔNKDMT. SHDXSTMT KDWKMLÔNKDMT. Ujrj ljs Ujrj ljs dmstjs dmstjs ghl ghl Hstjgm Hstjgm gh gh Dmlkij Dmlkij lms lms hstugkms hstugkms gh gh kfvhftjrkm kfvhftjrkm gh gh lj lj `jufj `jufj kdtkmlônkdj kdtkmlônkdj smlm smlm pmghims ihfdkmfjr pmghims ihfdkmfjr lm lm ahdam ahdam pmr pmr Fÿúhz Fÿúhz――@hrfêfghz @hrfêfghz (:;14) (:;14) rhljdkmfjgm rhljdkmfjgm j lj lj Ljnufj Ljnufj gh gh Duyutlêf, Dmlkij Duyutlêf, Dmlkij y Hspkfm Hspkfm――Cjrr, Cjrr, ht jl ., ., (:;;1) (:;;1) Tmcrh Tmcrh phsdj phsdj rkvhrhúj rkvhrhúj hf hf hl hl lktmrjl lktmrjl dmlkihfsh. dmlkihfsh. Tkf Tkf hicjrnm, fm hicjrnm, fm hs hs su`kdkhfth su`kdkhfth ghckgm ghckgm j quh quh pmr pmr su su sktujdkôf sktujdkôf nhmnrê`kdj nhmnrê`kdj Dmlkij Dmlkij ajdh ajdh quh quh ljs ljs djrjdthréstkdjs mdhjfmnrê`kdjs djrjdthréstkdjs mdhjfmnrê`kdjs gh gh sus sus lktmrjlhs lktmrjlhs shjf shjf iuy iuy phdulkjrhs2 phdulkjrhs2 tjickëf tjickëf j phsjr phsjr gh gh su su dmrtm lktmrjl dmrtm lktmrjl (:05 (:05 Bi.) Bi.) sh sh hfduhftrjf hfduhftrjf prhshfths prhshfths aêcktjts aêcktjts hdmlônkdms hdmlônkdms dmim dmim ljnufjs ljnufjs dmsthrjs, dmsthrjs, hstujrkms, dmstjs hstujrkms, dmstjs rmdmsjs rmdmsjs y jrhfmsjs. jrhfmsjs. Wmgm Wmgm lm lm jfthrkmrihfth jfthrkmrihfth gkdam gkdam drhj drhj uf uf jickhfth jickhfth kgôfhm kgôfhm gh `jufj kdtkmlônkdj jcufgjfth quh ghch shr ghthrikfjgm. UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT. UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT. Lj Lj zmfj zmfj gh gh puftj puftj Djrrkzjlhs, Djrrkzjlhs, Ijfzjfkllm, Ijfzjfkllm, Dmlkij, Dmlkij, Iëxkdm, Iëxkdm, sh sh lmdjlkzj lmdjlkzj hftrh hftrh ljs ljs dmmrghfjgjs dmmrghfjgjs nhmnrê`kdjs. Th nhmnrê`kdjs. Th uckdj uckdj nhmnrê`kdjihfth nhmnrê`kdjihfth hftrh hftrh lms lms :; 3>'3;'' 3>'3;'' Ljtktug Ljtktug Fmrth Fmrth y :57 4>'::5'' 4>'::5'' µ
µ
Lmfnktug Mhsth Lmfnktug Mhsth (Kijnhf (Kijnhf :). :). Lj Lj shlhddkôf shlhddkôf ghl ghl êrhj êrhj gh gh hstugkm hstugkm surnkô surnkô pmr pmr phrthfhdhr phrthfhdhr jl jl êrhj êrhj prkmrktjrkj ijrkfj prkmrktjrkj ijrkfj (J3>) (J3>) pmr pmr pjrth pjrth gh gh lj lj Dmikskôf Dmikskôf Fjdkmfjl Fjdkmfjl pjrj pjrj hl hl Dmfmdkikhftm Dmfmdkikhftm y Xsm Xsm gh gh lj lj Ckmgkvhrskgjg Ckmgkvhrskgjg (DMFJCKM) (DMFJCKM) y jghiês jghiês gh gh quh quh hxksth hxksth ufj ufj hsdjshz hsdjshz gh gh kf`mrijdkôf kf`mrijdkôf smcrh smcrh ljs ljs dmiufkgjghs gh phdhs hf hsj pjrth ghl lktmrjl ghl Ujdé`kdm Dhftrjl Ihxkdjfm. Hl Hl êrhj êrhj sh sh djrjdthrkzj djrjdthrkzj pmr pmr su su gkfjiksim gkfjiksim hf hf jlnufjs jlnufjs zmfjs zmfjs quh quh hstêf hstêf hxpuhstjs hxpuhstjs jl jl mlhjoh mlhjoh y mtrjs hf mtrjs hf djlij, djlij, ghckgm ghckgm j lj lj nhmimr`mlmnéj nhmimr`mlmnéj ghl ghl lunjr. lunjr. Th Th mcshrvjrmf mcshrvjrmf gk`hrhfths gk`hrhfths tkpms tkpms gh gh sustrjtm, ghsgh sustrjtm, ghsgh djftms djftms rmgjgms, rmgjgms, zmfj zmfj jrhfmsj, jrhfmsj, rmdjs rmdjs gh gh nrjf nrjf tjijúm tjijúm y pjrdahs pjrdahs gh gh dmrjl, dmrjl, prkfdkpjlihfth gh prkfdkpjlihfth gh lj lj hsphdkh hsphdkh Umdkllmpmrj Umdkllmpmrj djpktjtj djpktjtj (Shyhs (Shyhs Cmfkllj Cmfkllj ht jl .., , 3558). 3558). Hl Hl jrrhdk`h jrrhdk`h
:5
gh gh dmrjl dmrjl gh gh Uuftj Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs Djrrkzjlhs sh sh dmipmfh dmipmfh gh gh ufj ufj phquhúj phquhúj hfshfjgj hfshfjgj gmfgh gmfgh lms lms hxtrhims hxtrhims gh gh lj lj mrkllj mrkllj duhftjf duhftjf dmf dmf dmrjl dmrjl y lj lj pjrth pjrth kfthrihgkj kfthrihgkj gh gh lj lj hfshfjgj hfshfjgj smf smf pljfkdkhs pljfkdkhs jrhfmsjs jrhfmsjs dmf uf dmf uf êrhj êrhj tmtjl tmtjl gh gh 85 85 ahdtêrhjs ahdtêrhjs y ufj ufj prm`ufgkgjg prm`ufgkgjg iêxkij iêxkij gh gh :4 :4 ihtrms ihtrms (Hsdmcmsj (Hsdmcmsj ht jl., 3558). jl., 3558). Hl Hl jrrhdk`h jrrhdk`h hs hs `rjfoj `rjfoj dmf dmf êrhj êrhj tmtjl tmtjl 0,555 0,555 ihtrms ihtrms dujgrjgms dujgrjgms quh quh sh sh gkvkghf gkvkghf hf hf
gms sktkms gms sktkms jrrhdk`jlhs jrrhdk`jlhs Hsth Hsth y Mhsth. Mhsth. Gh Gh jduhrgm jduhrgm dmf dmf Hsdmcmsj Hsdmcmsj ht jl .., , (3558) (3558) rhnkstrm rhnkstrm :4 :4 hsphdkhs gh hsphdkhs gh dmrjlhs dmrjlhs ahrijtkpkdms? ahrijtkpkdms? Umdkllmpmrj Umdkllmpmrj djpktjtj, djpktjtj, U. U. ihjfgrkfj, ihjfgrkfj, U. U. gjikdmrfks, gjikdmrfks, U. U. vhrrudmsj, U. vhrrudmsj, U. kf`ljtj, kf`ljtj, U. U. hygmuxk, hygmuxk, Umrkths Umrkths lmcjtj, lmcjtj, Umrkths Umrkths pjfjihfsks, pjfjihfsks, Usjiimdmrj Usjiimdmrj sthlljtj, sthlljtj, Ujvmfj guhrghfk, Ujvmfj nknjfthj y Ujvmfj vjrkjfs vjrkjfs.. Hs gh fmtjrsh quh lj dmchrturj gh dmrjl vkvm dmrjl vkvm jldjfzj jldjfzj uf uf 05% 05% lm lm dujl dujl suphrj suphrj pmr pmr iudam iudam mtrms mtrms lunjrhs lunjrhs suphrkmr suphrkmr j Djcm Djcm Uulim Uulim CDT y Djrhyhrms, CDT Djrhyhrms, Fjyjrkt Fjyjrkt (Hsdmcmsj (Hsdmcmsj ht jl., jl., 355>). 355>). Umr Umr mtrm mtrm ljgm, ljgm, hs hs kipmrtjfth kipmrtjfth ihfdkmfjr ihfdkmfjr lj lj nrjf nrjf vjrkhgjg vjrkhgjg gh gh kfvhrthcrjgms kfvhrthcrjgms cëftkdms cëftkdms y jlnjs jlnjs mcshrvjgms mcshrvjgms gurjfth gurjfth lms lms iuhstrhms iuhstrhms hf hf hsth jrrhdk`h hsth jrrhdk`h rmdmsm. rmdmsm. Lj Lj dmf`knurjdkôf dmf`knurjdkôf ghl ghl jrrhdk`h jrrhdk`h hs hs hf hf `mrij `mrij gh gh pjrdahs pjrdahs ghckgm ghckgm j quh quh hl hl sustrjtm gurm sustrjtm gurm hf hf hl hl dujl dujl sh sh `koj `koj hl hl pôlkpm pôlkpm gh gh dmrjl dmrjl hs hs prmgudtm prmgudtm gh gh ljs ljs rmdjs rmdjs gh gh cjsjltm cjsjltm msdurm prmdhghfths msdurm prmdhghfths gh gh lms lms ghrruichs ghrruichs gh gh lms lms dhrrms dhrrms jgyjdhfths. jgyjdhfths.
Kijnhf :. Kijnhf :. Kijnhf Kijnhf jërhj jërhj gh gh Uuftj Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs, Djrrkzjlhs, Dmlkij, Dmlkij, Iëxkdm Iëxkdm (@mtm (@mtm tmijgj tmijgj pmr pmr Jlhojfgrm Jlhojfgrm Imrjlhs Cljbh, Imrjlhs Cljbh, 355>). 355>).
::
IHWMGMLMNKJ
Hl Hl prhshfth prhshfth djtêlmnm djtêlmnm hs hs hl hl rhsultjgm rhsultjgm gh gh vjrkms vjrkms júms júms gh gh trjcjom trjcjom gh gh djipm djipm quh quh thféjf thféjf dmim dmim mcohtkvm lj mcohtkvm lj nhfhrjdkôf nhfhrjdkôf gh gh kf`mrijdkôf kf`mrijdkôf hdmlônkdj hdmlônkdj gh gh phdhs phdhs gh gh jrrhdk`hs jrrhdk`hs rmdmsms rmdmsms dmrjlkfms dmrjlkfms gh gh trjcjoms gh trjcjoms gh Daêvhz Daêvhz――Dmipjrjf, Dmipjrjf, ht. ht. jl ., ., (3553) (3553) Phljsdm Phljsdm y Jfnukjfm Jfnukjfm (3550), (3550), Lmihlé ―Pkrnhf, Pkrnhf, (355>) y Cjutkstj (355>) Cjutkstj――Ljurhjfm Ljurhjfm (3551). (3551). Hf Hf hstms hstms hstugkms hstugkms sh sh nhfhrjrmf nhfhrjrmf ufj ufj kipmrtjfth kipmrtjfth cjsh cjsh gh gh gjtms gjtms gh gh kiênhfhs kiênhfhs gknktjlhs gknktjlhs quh quh hs hs lj lj cjsh cjsh gh gh hsth hsth djtêlmnm. djtêlmnm. Jlnufjs Jlnufjs gh gh ljs ljs kiênhfhs kiênhfhs j su su vhz vhz `uhrmf `uhrmf jfjlkzjgjs jfjlkzjgjs y shlhddkmfjgjs shlhddkmfjgjs pmr pmr lj lj DMFJCKM DMFJCKM dmf dmf cjsh cjsh j su su djlkgjg djlkgjg gknktjl. gknktjl.
Dmf lj Dmf lj cjsh cjsh j gjtms gjtms gh gh ljs ljs kiênhfhs kiênhfhs gknktjlhs gknktjlhs nhfhrjgms nhfhrjgms hf hf trjcjoms trjcjoms jfthrkmrhs jfthrkmrhs y sh sh prmdhgkô j lj prmdhgkô lj kghftk`kdjdkôf kghftk`kdjdkôf gh gh lms lms phdhs phdhs utklkzjfgm utklkzjfgm ljs ljs dljvhs dljvhs gh gh Hsdahihyhr Hsdahihyhr ht jl .., , (:;14), (:;14), Nmmgsmf (:;11), Nmmgsmf (:;11), Nmtsajll Nmtsajll (:;1;), (:;1;), Wamipsmf Wamipsmf ht. ht. jl., l., (3555) (3555) y Jllhf Jllhf ht. ht. jl .., , (:;;7). (:;;7). Hl Hl djtêlmnm sh djtêlmnm sh dmipmfh dmipmfh gh gh lj lj sknukhfth sknukhfth kf`mrijdkôf? kf`mrijdkôf? fmicrh fmicrh dkhfté`kdm, dkhfté`kdm, fmicrh fmicrh dmiÿf, dmiÿf, gkstrkcudkôf nhmnrê`kdj, gkstrkcudkôf nhmnrê`kdj, ghsdrkpdkôf ghsdrkpdkôf gh gh lj lj hsphdkh, hsphdkh, dmfskghrjdkmfhs dmfskghrjdkmfhs ckmlônkdjs, ckmlônkdjs, hstjtus hstjtus gh gh dmfshrvjdkôf y usm dmfshrvjdkôf usm jdtujl. jdtujl. Hsth Hsth djtêlmnm djtêlmnm duhftj duhftj dmf dmf `mtmnrj`éjs `mtmnrj`éjs mrknkfjlhs mrknkfjlhs gh gh djgj djgj ufj ufj gh gh ljs ljs hsphdkhs hsphdkhs hf hf su su aêcktjt aêcktjt fjturjl fjturjl ghl ghl lktmrjl lktmrjl dmlkihfsh. dmlkihfsh. Jlnufms Jlnufms gkcuoms gkcuoms gh gh phdhs phdhs `uhrmf `uhrmf mcthfkgms gh mcthfkgms gh lj lj cjsh cjsh gh gh gjtms gjtms gh gh www.`ksacjsh.mrn www.`ksacjsh.mrn (@rmhsh (@rmhsh y Ujuly, Ujuly, 3551). 3551). Th Th utklkzô utklkzô hl hl mrghf mrghf sksthiêtkdm sksthiêtkdm gh gh jduhrgm jduhrgm dmf dmf Fhlsmf Fhlsmf (:;;7). Jsé dmim dmim hl hl drkthrkm drkthrkm gh gh j`kfkgjg zmmnhmnrê`kdj j`kfkgjg zmmnhmnrê`kdj gh gh jduhrgm jduhrgm dmf dmf lj lj gkstrkcudkôf gkstrkcudkôf dmfmdkgj dmfmdkgj prmpuhstm prmpuhstm pmr pmr Crknns Crknns (:;>7) (:;>7) y jplkdjgm jplkdjgm pmr pmr Imfdjym Imfdjym――Hstrjgj Hstrjgj ht jl ., ., (3550) (3550) pjrj pjrj Cjaéj Cjaéj Cjfghrjs, Cjfghrjs, Iëxkdm? Iëxkdm? UI9 UI9 Urmvkfdkj Urmvkfdkj Ihxkdjfj2 UU9 Ihxkdjfj2 UU9 Urmvkfdkj Urmvkfdkj Ujfêikdj2 Ujfêikdj2 W9 W9 Wrjfspjdk`kdj2 Wrjfspjdk`kdj2 UM9 UM9 Ujdk`kdm Ujdk`kdm Mrkhftjl Mrkhftjl y DW9 DW9 Dkrduitrmpkdjlhs. Ujrj Dkrduitrmpkdjlhs. Ujrj dljsk`kdjr dljsk`kdjr ljs ljs hsphdkhs hsphdkhs gh gh jduhrgm jduhrgm j su su jcufgjfdkj jcufgjfdkj sh sh utklkzô utklkzô hl hl iëtmgm prmpuhstm iëtmgm prmpuhstm pmr pmr Jcurtm Jcurtm y Cjljrt Cjljrt (355:), (355:), hl hl dujl dujl dmfthiplj dmfthiplj kfgkrhdtjihfth kfgkrhdtjihfth lj lj phrijfhfdkj y dmfgudtj phrijfhfdkj dmfgudtj gh gh ljs ljs hsphdkhs hsphdkhs hf hf nhfhrjl? nhfhrjl? hsphdkhs hsphdkhs rjrjs rjrjs dmf dmf ihfmr ihfmr ghl ghl 5.5:% 5.5:% gh gh lj lj jcufgjfdkj jcufgjfdkj rhljtkvj2 rhljtkvj2 hsphdkhs hsphdkhs dmiufhs dmiufhs hftrh hftrh 5.: 5.: y 5.5:% 5.5:% gh gh lj lj jcufgjfdkj jcufgjfdkj rhljtkvj2 rhljtkvj2 hsphdkhs `rhduhfths y jcufgjfths hftrh 5.: jl :% gh lj jcufgjfdkj rhljtkvj y hsphdkhs gmikfjfths jquhlljs gmikfjfths jquhlljs hsphdkhs hsphdkhs dmf dmf ijymr ijymr ghl ghl :% :% gh gh lj lj jcufgjfdkj jcufgjfdkj rhljtkvj. rhljtkvj.
:3
LKTWJGM TKTWHIÊWKDM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT [ DMSJLKFMT GHL LKWMSJL GH DMLKIJ, IËQKDM.
DLJTH DAMFGSKDAWA[HT TXCDLJTH HLJTIMCSJFDAKK TXUHSMSGHF HXTHLJDAKK MSGHF SJOK@MSKFHT @JIKLKJ FJSDKFKGJH Gkplmcjtks miijtj (Omrgjf y Nklchrt, :1;5), UU MSGHF I[LKMCJWK@MSIHT @JIKLKJ XSMLMUAKGJH Xrmtrynmf rmnhrsk Omrgjf & Ttjrbs, :1;8, UI Xrmcjtks dmfdhftrkdus Mscmrfh y Fkdamls, :;:0, UI Xrmcjtks ajllhrk (Dmmphr, :;04), UM DLJTH JDWKFMUWHS[NKK TXCDLJTH FHMUWHS[NKK GKPKTKMF WHLMTWHK
TXCGKPKTKMF HLMUMIMSUAJ MSGHF JFNXKLLK@MSIHT TXCMSGHF IXSJHFMKGHK @JIKLKJ IXSJHFKGJH Nyifmiurjhfj zhcrj (Tajw, :>;>), W Nyifmtamrjx djstjfhus (Omrgjf y Nklchrt, :114), UU Iurjhfj lhftknkfmsj Ohfyfs, :173, UU Iurjhfj jrnus (Tthkfgjdafhr, :1>5), UM TXCGKPKTKMF HXWHLMTWHK TXUHSMSGHF D[DLMTZXJIJWJ MSGHF JXLMUK@MSIHT TXCMSGHF JLHUKTJXSMKGHK @JIKLKJ T[FMGMFWKGJH Tyfmgus ljdhrtkfus Nklchrt :1;5, UM TXUHSMSGHF JDJFWAMUWHS[NKK THSKH UHSDMIMSUAJ MSGHF CHS[DK@MSIHT TXCMSGHF AMLMDHFWSMKGHK @JIKLKJ AMLMDHFWSKGJH Iyrkprkstks lhkmnfjtaus Pjlhfdkhffhs, :170, UU Tjrnmdhftrmf sucmrcktjlhs Nkll, :104, UU MSGHF NJTWHSMTWHK@MSIHT TXCMSGHF T[FNFJWAMKGHK @JIKLKJ @KTWXLJSKKGJH @kstuljrkj dmiihrsmfkk Supphll :141, W MSGHF TDMSUJHFK@MSIHT TXCMSGHF TDMSUJHFMKGHK @JIKLKJ TDMSUJHFKGJH Tdmrpjhfj pluikhrk pluikhrk iysths (Omrgjf y Ttjrbs, :1;8), UU MSGHF UHSDK@MSIHT TXCMSGHF UHSDMKGHK
:4
@JIKLKJ THSSJFKGJH Jlpahsths kiijduljtus (Crhghr, :;40), UU Dhpajlmpamlks pjfjihfsks pjfjihfsks (Tthkfgjdafhr, :1>>), UU Hpkfhpahlus ljcrk`mriks (Ohfyfs, :175), UU Ujrjftakjs dmlmfus (Pjlhfdkhffhs, :170), UU Thrrjfus pskttjdkfus pskttjdkfus ( Pjlhfdkhffhs, Pjlhfdkhffhs, :170), UU Syptkdus ckdmlmr Pjlhfdkhffhs, :170, UU Ghrijtmlhpks ghrijtmlhpks Cmulhfnhr, :1;8, UM @JIKLKJ USKJDJFWAKGJH Ahthrmprkjdjftaus druhftjtus (Ljdhphgh, :15:), DW @JIKLKJ JUMNMFKGJH Jpmnmf pjdk`kdus pjdk`kdus (Ahrrh, :;48), UU Jpmnmf rhtrmshllj Nkll, :104, UI @JIKLKJ DJSJFNKGJH Djrjfx djcjllus Nuftahr, :101, UM Djrjfx djfkfus Nuftahr, :10>, UM Djrjfx shx`jsdkjtus Zumy y Njkijrg, :138, W Djrjfx vkfdtus (Omrgjf y Nklchrt, :113), UU @JIKLKJ LXWOJFKGJH Lutojfus jrnhftkvhftrks (Uhthrs, :10;), UM Lutojfus nutjttus (Tthkfgjdafhr, :10;), UU Lutojfus fmvhi`jsdkjtus Nkll, :103, UM Lutojfus vkrkgks (Pjlhfdkhffhs, :170), W
Lutojfus vkrkgks (Pjlhfdkhffhs, :170), W Lutojfus kfhrihs (Uhthrs, :10;), UU @JIKLKJ AJHIXLKGJH Ajhiulmf ijdulkdjugj (Nkll, :103), UU Ajhiulmf shx`jsdkjtui Nkll, :103, UU Ikdrmlhpkgmtus crhvkpkffks (Tthkfgjdafhr, :10;), UU @JIKLKJ TDKJHFKGJH Mgmftmsdkmf xjftamps, xjftamps, (Nkll, :1;1), UU Ujrhquhs `usdmvkttjtus `usdmvkttjtus (Bhfgjll y Sjgdlk``h, :;:3), UI Ujrhquhs vkmlj (Nklchrt, :1;1), UU @JIKLKJ IXLLKGJH Iullmkgkdatays ghftjtus (Nkll, :103), UM Ushuguphfhus nrjfgksqujiks (Nkll, :104), UM @JIKLKJ DAJHWMGMFWKGJH Dajhtmgmf auihrjlks Nuftahr, :105, UU Omafrjfgjllkj fknrkrmstrks (Nkll, :103), UU @JIKLKJ UMIJDJFWAKGJH Amljdjftaus pjsshr pjsshr Pjlhfdkhffhs, :170, UU Umijdjftaus zmfkphdtus (Nkll, :103), UU @JIKLKJ B[UAMTKGJH Bypamsus jfjlmnus (Nkll, :103), UM Bypamsus hlhnjfs (Uhthrs, :10;), UU @JIKLKJ DKSSAKWKGJH Dkrraktkdatays mxydhpajlus (Clhhbhr, :188), W Dkrraktus rkvuljtus Pjlhfdkhffhs, :170, UU @JIKLKJ _JFDLKGJH
_jfdlus dmrfutus (Lkffjhus, :>81), W TXCMSGHF LJCSMKGHK @JIKLKJ UMIJDHFWSKGJH Jcugh`gu` trmsdahlkk (Nkll, :103), UU Darmiks jtrklmcjtj Nkll, :103, UU Ikdrmspjtamgmf gmrsjlks (Nkll, :103), UU Ikdrmspjtamgmf cjkrgkk (Nkll, :103), UU Tthnjsths jdjpuldmhfsks (@mwlhr, :;77), UU Tthnjsths `ljvkljtus `ljvkljtus (Nkll, :103), UU Tthnjsths rhdtk`rjhfui (Nkll, :103), UI @JIKLKJ LJCSKGJH Cmgkjfus gkplmtjhfkj (Nkll, :103), UM Ajlkdamhrhs dakhrdakjh Gk Djpmrkjddm, :;71, UU Ajlkdamhrhs gkspklus (Nuftahr, :107), UU Ajlkdamhrhs fkdamlsk (Omrgjf y Nklchrt, :113), UU Ajlkdamhrhs fmtmspklus (Nuftahr, :107), UU Wajljssmij ludjsjfui (Nkll, :103), UU Wajljssmij nrjiijtkdui Nklchrt, :1;5, UU Fmvjdulkdatays tjhfkmurus (Ljdhphgh, :15:), W @JIKLKJ TDJSKGJH Fkldamlskfj ghftkduljtj (Hvhrijff & Sjgdlk``h, :;:>), UM Tdjrus namccjf @mrssbjl, :>>8, W Tdjrus rucrmvkmljdhus Clhhbhr :17>, W TXCMSGHF CLHFFKMKGHK @JIKLKJ LJCSKTMIKGJH Ijljdmdthfus auccsk Tprkfnhr, :;8;, UI @JIKLKJ CLHFFKKGJH Mpakmclhffkus sthkfgjdafhrk Omrgjf y Hvhrijf, :1;1, UU
:7
Uljnkmtrhius jzjlhus (Omrgjf y Cmllijf, :1;5), UU @JIKLKJ NMCKKGJH Dmrypamthrus urmspklus (Nkfscurn, Hljdjtkfus puftkduljtus puftkduljtus (Nkfscurn, :141) :141) UU UU TXCMSGHF JDJFWAXSMKGHK @JIKLKJ JDJFWAXSKGJH Jdjftaurus xjftampthrus xjftampthrus Pjlhfdkhffhs, :148, W Jdjftaurus fknrkdjfs (Lkffjhus, :>81), W Jdjftaurus trkmsthnus (Lkffjhus, :>81), W Urkmfurus pufdtjtus pufdtjtus Nkll, :103, UU MSGHF ULHXSMFHDWK@MSIHT TXCMSGHF UTHWWMGMKGHK @JIKLKJ UJSJLKDAWA[GJH Ujrjlkdatays wmmlijfk Omrgjf & ^kllkjis :1;>, UU MSGHF WHWSJMGMFWK@MSIHT TXCMSGHF WHWSJMGMFWMKGHK @JIKLKJ CJLKTWKGJH Ushugmcjlksths fju`rjnkui (Omrgjf y Ttjrbs, :;57), UU Tu``ljihf vhrrhs (Nklchrt y Ttjrbs, :;57), UU @JIKLKJ IMFJDJFWAKGJH
:8
Djftahrakfus guihrkllkk (Amlljrg, :187), W @JIKLKJ MTWSJDKKGJH Mstrjdkmf ihlhjnrks Tajw, :>;0, W @JIKLKJ WHWSJMGMFWKGJH Jrmtarmf ihlhjnrks (Ljdhphgh, :>;1), W Jrmtarmf akspkgus Lkffjhus, :>81, W Djftaknjsthr pufdtjtksskij pufdtjtksskij (Nuftahr, :1>5), UU Tpamhrmkghs lmcjtus (Tthkfgjdafhr, :1>5), UU @JIKLKJ GKMGMFWKGJH Gkmgmf amlmdjftaus Lkffjhus, :>81, DW Gkmgmf aystrkx Lkffjhus, :>81, W2 DW Daklmiydthrus rhdtkduljtus (Lkffjhus, :>81), DW
:0
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ FJSDKFKGJH FJSDKFKGJ H Gkplmcjtks miijtj, Omrgjf &Nklchrt, :1;5
FMICSH DMIßF
Sjyj hlëdtrkdj gkjfj.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ghsgh hl Ujdé`kdm hsth ajstj Hdujgmr. Hsphdkh dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr vhrgmsm dmf ijfdajs dj`ës hf `mrij dkrduljr, prhshftj uf gkstkftkvm mdhlm fhnrm dmf cljfdm hf lj pjrth gmrsjl ihgkj ghl duhrpm. Hs ufj hsphdkh fmdturfj, smlktjrkj, sh hfduhftrj hf pjrths jrhfmsjs dmim rmdmsjs, su jlkihftjdkôf sh cjsj hf phquhúms drustêdhms y phdhs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
38 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Uuhgh shr pjrj dmfsuim auijfm ghphfgkhfgm ghl tjijúm ghl mrnjfksim.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Th hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;-HDML -355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Tk sh tmdj pmgréj ghsdjrnjr ufj lknhrj ghsdjrnj hlëdtrkdj.
SJ[ SJ [J HLËDWSKDJ HLËDW SKDJ GKJFJ GK JFJ
:0
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ XSMLMUAKGJH Xrmtrynmf rmnhrsk Omrgjf & Ttjrbs, :1;8
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Hf hl Ujdé`kdm ghsgh ljs dmstjs Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstjMrkhftjl, hl Hdujgmr. Hsphdkh rjrj hfgh Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Hs hfdmftrjgm hf êrhjs jrhfmsjs dhrdjfjs j zmfjs rmdmsjs gh jnujs trmpkdjlhs j thipljgms-dêlkgjs. Fmrijlihfth vkvhf smcrh y hfthrrjgms smcrh hl pksm mdhêfkdm j prm`ufgkgjghs gh lms 4 ajstj 35 ihtrms pmr lm quh sh puhgh dmfskghrjr dmim mrnjfksim chftôfkdm. Tmf vkvépjrms. Th lhs puhgh mcshrvjr hf smlktjrkms m hf nrupms fuihrmsms. Th jlkihftj gh drustêdhms y phquhúms phdhs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
04 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Uuhgh shr pjrj dmfsuim auijfm ghphfgkhfgm ghl tjijúm ghl mrnjfksim.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
SJ[J HTUKFMTJ, SJ[ SJ [J SHGMFGJ GH SMNHST
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Sjyj hspkfmsj, rjyj rhgmfgj gh Smnhrs.
Duhftj dmf ufj hspkfj hf lj pmrdkôf gh lj jlhtj djugjl lm dujl hf djsm gh pksjrlj puhgh mdjskmfjr ufj rhjddkôf gh gh`hfsj gh hstj hsphdkh y lj kfyhddkôf gh vhfhfm j trjvës gh lj hspkfj.
:>
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ XSMLMUAKGJH Xrmcjtks dmfdhftrkdus Mscurf & Fkdamls, :;:0
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
SJ[ SJ [J DMFDËFWSKD DMFD ËFWSKDJ J
Hf hl Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl, ghsgh Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj dkhrtjs rhnkmfhs gh lj dmstj ghl Ujdé`kdm Ihxkdjfm kfdluyhfgm Ijfzjfkllm, Dmlkij. Hsphdkh rjrj hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr vhrgmsm dmf ijrdjs dkrduljrhs dljrjs. Hs hfdmftrjgm hf êrhjs jrhfmsjs y rmdmsjs ghftrm gh ljs cjaéjs. Th jlkihftj gh phquhúm phquhúmss drustêdhms y phdhs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
75 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Uuhgh shr pjrj dmfsuim auijfm ghphfgkhfgm ghl tjijúm ghl mrnjfksim.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Th hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF. KXDF.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Sjyj dmfdëftrkdj.
Duhftj dmf ufj hspkfj hf lj pmrdkôf gh lj jlhtj djugjl lm dujl hf djsm gh pksjrlj puhgh mdjskmfjr ufj rhjddkôf gh gh`hfsj gh hstj hsphdkh y lj kfyhddkôf gh vhfhfm j trjvës gh lj hspkfj.
:1
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ XSMLMUAKGJH Xrmcjtks ajllhrk Dmmphr, :104
SJ[J SHGMFGJ
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Hf hl Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl, Mrkhftjl, ghsgh Fmrth gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Ujfjiê. Hsphdkh dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr dj`ë dljrm dmf ijfdajs dj`ës msdurm. Hs hfdmftrjgm hf êrhjs jrhfmsjs y rmdmsjs ghftrm gh ljs cjaéjs. Th jlkihftj gh phquhúms drustêdhms y phdhs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
4: dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Uuhgh shr pjrj dmfsuim auijfm ghphfgkhfgm ghl tjijúm ghl mrnjfksim.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Th hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF KXDF..
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Sjyj rhgmfgj
Duhftj dmf ufj hspkfj hf lj pmrdkôf gh lj jlhtj djugjl lm dujl hf djsm gh pksjrlj puhgh mdjskmfjr ufj rhjddkôf gh gh`hfsj gh hstj hsphdkh y lj kfyhddkôf gh vhfhfm j trjvës gh lj hspkfj.
:;
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ IXSJHFKGJH IXSJHFKGJ H Nyifmiurjhfj zhcrj Tajw, :>;>
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Imrhfj zhcrj.
Hf hl Kfgm-Ujdé`kdm trmpkdjl ghsgh Ê`rkdj Mrkhftjl ajstj Jiërkdj2 hf hl Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl ajcktj ghsgh hl surmhsth ghl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj y Iëxkdm dhftrjl j Hdujgmr y hf tmgjs ljs ksljs mdhêfkdjs. Hsphdkh dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr fhnrm dmf `rjfojs cljfdjs hf tmgm hl duhrpm. Ajcktj hf ljs nrkhtjs y rhpksjs jrhfmsjs y rmdmsjs. Th jlkihftj nhfhrjlihfth gh djfnrhoms phrm tjickëf gh mtrms drustêdhms, imlusdms y hrkzms gh ijr.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:85 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Ujrj jdujrkms y gh hsdjsm vjlmr dmihrdkj pjrj phsquhréjs.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
IMSHFJ _HCSJ
35
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
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@JIKLKJ IXSJHFKGJH IXSJHFKGJ H Nyifmtamrjx djstjfhus Omrgjf & Nklchrt, :114
FMICSH DMIßF
Imrhfj djstjúj.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Gh Djlk`mrfkj j Ujfjiê kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Hsphdkh rjrj hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr vhrgh dhfkzm j lm ljrnm ghl duhrpm. Pkvh hf ljs rmdjs, y dmfstruddkmfhs vkhojs, duhvjs, amyms y rhsnujrgms msdurms gurjfth hl géj. Dmfstjfthihfth jcrhf y dkhrrjf lj cmdj pjrj rhspkrjr, hf mdjskmfhs sh mdultjf cjom lj jrhfj. Dmih jlnufms drustêdhms y phdhs. Tmf jltjihfth smlktjrkms y shfskclhs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:85 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfh kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
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Umgréj mdjskmfjrj ufj imrghgurj hf djsm gh shr imlhstjgj.
IMSHFJ DJTWJÚJ
3:
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ IXSJHFKGJH IXSJHFKGJ H Iurjhfj lhftknkfmsj Ohfyfs, :173
FMICSH DMIßF
Imrhfj omyj.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ghsgh hl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj hl Uhrÿ. Kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm. Hsphdkh dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr jijrkllm pêlkgm dmf gkstkftkvjs mdhlms fhnrm dmf jijrkllm, hf lj djchzj prhshftj ufj ijfdaj fhnrj jtrês gh lms moms. Pkvh hf jnujs smihrjs hf lunjrhs rmdmsms smcrh duhvjs, amyms y rhsnujrgms msdurms ggurjfth urjfth hl géj. Dmfstjfthihfth jcrhf y dkhrrjf lj cmdj pjrj rhspkrj. Th jlkihftj gh drustêdhms y phdhs. Tmf smlktjrkms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
0: dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfh kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkj jlnufj.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
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Umgréj mdjskmfjrj ufj imrghgurj hf djsm gh shr imlhstjgj.
IMSHFJ OM[ O M[J J
33
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
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@JIKLKJ IXSJHFKGJH IXSJHFKGJ H Iurjhfj jrnus jrnus Tthkfgjdafhr, :1>5
FMICSH DMIßF
Imrhfj gh phdjs cljfdjs.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Gh Iëxkdm j Uhrÿ y ajstj ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. H Hsphdkh sphdkh rjrj hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr vhrgh dmf gkstkftkvjs ijfdajs cljfdjs j lm ljrnm ghl duhrpm Ajcktj hf êrhjs prm`ufgjs y rmdmsjs, hf jnu ohrms y nrkhtjs y mcsdurjs, tkhfh quh hstjr dmfstjfthihfth jcrkhfgm y dhrrjfgm su cmdj, hstm lh jyugj pjrj su rhspkrjdkôf.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:55 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfh kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl jlnufj.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
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Umgréj mdjskmfjrj ufj imrghgurj hf djsm gh shr imlhstjgj.
IMSHFJ GH UHDJT CLJFDJT
34
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ T[FMGMFWKGJH Tyfmgus ljdhrtkfus Nklchrt, :1;5
FMICSH DMIßF
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GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Gh Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj j Uhrÿ y ajstj ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Hsphdkh rjrj hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
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NJSSMCM GH JSSHDK@H
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:0 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfh kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl jlnufj.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
37
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ AMLMDHFWSKGJH Iyrkprkstks lhkmnfjtaus lhkmnfjtaus Pjlhfdkhffhs, :170
FMICSH DMIßF
Dljvjgmr, smlgjgm, djfgkl, jrgkllj.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ghsgh hl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj hl Hdujgmr kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Wjickëf sh hfduhftrj hf ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm y lj Kslj gh Dmdms.
CKMLMNÉJ
Urhshftj uf dmlmr rmom dmf `rjfojs vkskclhs jl dmstjgm gh ljs hsdjijs gh ijfhrj lmfnktugkfjl. Lms jgultms sh hfduhftrjf ghftrm gh phquhújs duhvjs gurjfth hl géj y gh fmdah `mrijf phquhújs jnrupjdkmfhs smcrh sustrjtm rmdmsm. Fmrijlihfth sh lhs mcshrvj hf jsmdkjdkôf dmf Tjrnmdhftrmf sucmrcktjlks y Ujrhquhs `usdmvkttjutus. Th jlkihftj prkfdkpjlihfth gh drustêdhms. Mvépjrm, dmf ljrvj pljfdtôfkdj.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:1 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Dmihstkclh y pjrj mrfjtm.. Hs dmfskghrjgj dmim gh thrdhrj dljsh hf Dmlkij.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
DLJP DLJ PJGMS, TMLGJG TMLGJGM, M, DJFGKL
38
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ AMLMDHFWSKGJH Tjrnmdhftrmf sucmrcktjlks Nkll, :104
FMICSH DMIßF
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GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ghsgh hl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj hl Hdujgmr kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm y ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Uhz dmfskghrjgm dmim jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr pljthjgm dmf `rjfojs gh hsdjijs vkskclhs gh ijfhrj lmfnktugkfjl. Lms jgultms sh hfduhftrjf ghftrm gh phquhújs duhvjs gurjfth hl géj y gh fmdah sh jlkihftjf gh phquhúms drustêdhms. Mvépjrm, dmf ljrvj pljfdtôfkdj. Fmrijlihfth sh lhs mcshrvj hf duhvjs hf jsmdkjdkôf dmf Iyrkprkstks lhkmnfjtaus y Ujrhquhs `usdmvkttjtus.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
38 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Dmihstkclh.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
UH_ JSGKLLJ
30
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ @KTWXLJSKKGJH @KTWXLJSKKG JH @kstuljrkj Dmiihrsmffk Supphll, :143
FMICSH DMIßF
Wrmimphtj, dmrfhtj.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ijrhs trmpkdjlhs, ghsgh hl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj hl Kslj Njlêpjnms. Kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm. Uhz dmfskghrjgm dmim jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Ajcktj hf dmstjs rmdmsjs hf lj zmfj gh rmipkhfth ajstj lms :31 ihtrms gh prm`ufgkgjg. Tu dmipmrtjikhftm hs pjskvm y smlktjrkm fmrijlihfth sh lhs mcshrvj `lmtjfgm gh ijfhrj hstêtkdj smcrh lj dmluifj gh jnuj. Tu gkhtj dmfsksth prkfdkpjlihfth gh phquhúms phdhs, drustêdhms y djljijrhs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:05 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Hs dmihstkclh. Xtklkzjgj dmim djrfjgj. Uhs dmfskghrjgm gh thrdhrj dljsh.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
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FMICSH DMIßF
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Hsdmrpkôf imthjgm.
Ghsgh hf Nml`m djlk`mrfkj ajstj Ujfjij. Hsphdkh dmiÿf UuftjghDjrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Th hfduhftrj hf êrhjs rmdmsjs. Th jlkihftj nhfhrjlihfth gh phdhs y drustêdhms. Th hfduhftrj hf prm`ufgkgjghs gh 8 j 88 ihtrms. Wkhfh phquhúms puftms cljfdms crklljfths quh skrvhf pjrj djiu`ljrsh dmf hl `mfgm ijrkfm.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
78 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
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HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
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Phfhfmsm, duhftj dmf hspkfjs gmrsjlhs quh jl dmftjdtm puhgh mdjskmfjr hfvhfhfjikhftm.
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DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
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FMICSH DMIßF
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GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Pkvhf hf jickhfth trmpkdjl ghsgh hl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj, Iëxkdm ajstj hl Uhrÿ.
CKMLMNÉJ
Urhshftj vjrkms dmlmrhs gmikfjfgm hl dmlmr rmom dmf `rjfojs dj`ë y ijfdajs jijrklljs. Mom gh dmlmr rmom. Tmf ghprhgjgmrhs fmdturfms, hsdmfgkëfgmsh hf duhvjs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
45 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
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FMICSH DMIßF
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CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr fhrnusdm dmf `rjfojs vhrghs. Urh`khrhf lms jrrhdk`hs gh dmrjl y jickhfths rmdmsms. Pkvhf j prm`ufgkgjghs ajstj lms >8 i. Uhz djrfévmrm.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
45 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfh kipmrtjfdkj phsquhrj jufquh hstj hs dmihstkclh.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
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DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
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CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr vhrgh dljrm dmf gkstkftkvjs ijfdajs cljfdjs hf tmgm hl duhrpm. Pkvh jsmdkjgm j jickhfths rmdmsms. Th jlkihftj smcrh phdhs phquhúms hf hl géj y gh drustêdhms pmr lj fmdah. Tmf prhgjgmrhs smlktjrkms y tkhfgh j hfduhvjrsh hf rhdmvhdms gh ljs rmdjs. Pkvhf j prm`u prm`uffgkgjghs hftrh 8 y 45 i.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
85 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
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WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
48 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
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Ghl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj j Uhrÿ kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Hsphdkh jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Hxksthf gms vjrkhgjghs gh lj iksij hsphdkh, lj fmrijl y lj msdurj. Hf lj vjrkhgjg fmrijl prhshftj vjrkms dmlmrhs dmf `rjfojs cljfdjs y fhnrjs hf lj pjrth gmrsjl y cljfdjs y rmojs hf lj pjrth pjrth vhftrjl. Hf lj vjrkhgjg msdurj pprhrhshftj trhs dmlmrhs lj pjrth gmrsjl vhrgh, dhftrjl fhnrm y vhftrjl cljfdm. Ajcktj ghftrm gh lms `mfgms rmdmsms m jrrhdk`hs jksljgms. Tuhlh pmsjrsh smcrh ljs pkhgrjs y lms `mfgms jrhfmsms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:1 dhftéihtrms lmfnktug tmtjl.
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@JIKLKJ THSSJFKGJH THSSJFK GJH Syptkdus ckdmlmr Pjlhfdkhffhs, :170
FMICSH DMIßF
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Th gkstrkcuyh ghsghNjlêpjnms Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj Uhrÿ kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs y mtrjs ajstj ksljs dmsthrjs. Hsphdkh dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
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WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
31 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
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Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
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47
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ THSSJFKGJH THSSJFK GJH Ghrijtmlhpks ghrijtmlhpks Cmulhfnhr, :1;8
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
CKMLMNÉJ
Ihrm duhrm
Th gkstrkcuyh ghsgh Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Hdujgmr kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm. ajf mcshrvj Tmlm sh gm lj `jsh kfkdkjl hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
Urhshftj cjrrjs jlthrfjs gh dmlmr nrks msdurm j fhnruzdm y cljfdm j nrks dljrm. Lms Ouvhfklhs smf gh dmlmr cljfdm dmf `rjfojs fhnrjs. Ajcktj hf jrrhdk`hs rmdmsms y lms ouvhfklhs sh prmthnhf dmf ljs hspkfjs gh lms hrkzms gh ijr.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:55 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Dmihrdkjl.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
IHSM DXHSM
@jsh Kfkdkjl
48
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ USKJDJFWAKGJH Ahthrmprkjdjftaus druhftjtus Ahthrmprkjdjftaus Ljdhpëgh , :15:
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
CKMLMNÉJ
DJWJLX@J SMZXHSJ
Djtjlu`j rmquhrj.
Uhz dkrduitrmpkdjl. hl Ujdk`kdm Mrkhftjl ghsgh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj ljs Hf Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Hsphdkh rjrjCjoj hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
Dmlmr rmom dmf jlnufjs ijfdajs jijrklljs hf lj pjrth gmrsjl. Hsphdkh gh aêcktms fm fmdturfms, dturfms, gurjfth hl géj lm hfdmftrjrhims ghftrm gh duhvjs. Th jlkihftjf gh djfnrhoms, pulpms, phquhúms phdhs y djijrmfhs, y nhfhrjlihfth sh hfduhftrjf hf phquhúms nrupms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
85.> dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Dmihstkclh.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Kf`mrihs gh hfvhfhfjikhftm pmr dknujthrj.
40
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ JUMNMFKGJH JUMNMFKGJ H Jpmnmf pjdk`kdus Ahrrh, :;48
FMICSH DMIßF
Djrghfjl pkftjgm.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Th gkstrkcuyh ghl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj, Iëxkdm j ljs ksljs gh Uhrÿ y ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Hs phz ijs gmikfjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Ajcktj hf êrhjs smicrhjgjs dmim duhvjs y nrkhtjs hf ljs rmdjs gurjfth hl géj. Th jlkihftj pmr ljs fmdahs `uhrj gh ljs duhvjs y nrkhtjs. J ihfugm sh ihzdlj smf mtrms phdhs djrghfjlhs. Tuhlh vhrsh hf nrjfghs djrgÿihfhs gurjfth mtmúm hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs, Dmlkij, llhnjfgm j shr hl iês jcufgjfth gh lms phdhs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:5 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Jdujrkm.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm kfdlukgj hf lj lkstj rmoj gh lj KXDF y FMI-58;-HDML -355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
DJSGHFJL UKFWJGM
4>
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ JUMNMFKGJH JUMNMFKGJ H Jpmnmf rhtrmshllj rhtrmshllj Nkll, :103
FMICSH DMIßF
Djrghfjl ahrkgm.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ghl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj j Iëxkdm ihrkgkmfjl. Hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs hs dmfskghrjgj dmim jcufgjfth.
CKMLMNÉJ
Hs gh dmlmr rmom y prhshftj ufj cjrrj gh dmlmr dj`ë ghcj om gh lj shnufgj jlhtj gmrsjl, jghiês jghiês gh uf puftm fhnrm hf lj cjsh gh lj jlhtj djugjl. Th hfduhftrj hf ljs êrhjs rmdmsjs, rh`unkêfgmsh pmr hl géj hf duhvjs. Tu jlkihftjdkôf hs gh drustêdhms y phquhúms kfvhrthcrjgms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:5 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Tmf utklkzjgms pjrj jdujrkm.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj
DJSGHFJL AHSKGM
41
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ DJSJFNKGJH DJSJFNKGJ H Djrjfx djcjllus Nuftahr, :10>
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmdkfhrm, djcjllj, djcjllm, dmdkfhrm gmrjgm, ourhl gmrjgm, pjlmihtj gmrjgj, djquks. Hf hl Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl, ghsgh ljs dmstjs gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj hl Uhrÿ kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Uhz dmfskghrjgm dmim jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
Hs hsphdkh phlênkdj hfdmftrjgm hf jnujs ijrkfjs y hf êrhjs rmdmsjs, tjickëf hf hsthrms gh jnuj sjlmcrh. Jfgjf hf djrgÿihfhs ghspljzêfgmsh rêpkgjihfth hftrh ljs prm`ufgkgjghs gh 4 j :55 ihtrms. Th jlkihftj gh phdhs (gh dmlmr pljthjgm), drustêdhms y mtrms kfvhrthcrjgms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
88 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Dmihrdkjl pjrj dmfsuim auijfm. Wjickëf hs rhgudkgm pjrj ajrkfj gh phsdjgm. Hs dmfskghrjgj dmim gh thrdhrj dljsh hf Dmlkij.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
DMDKFHSM, DJCJLLJ
4;
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ DJSJFNKGJH DJSJFNKGJ H Djrjfx djfkfus Nuftahr, :10>
OXSHL DMIXF, DJFDAHOXSHL, OKNXJNXJ, OXSHL WMSM, WMSM
FMICSH DMIßF
Ourhl dmiÿf, djfdahourhl, oknujnuj, ourhl tmrm, tmrm.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Hf hl Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl, ghsgh ljs dmstjs gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj hl Hdujgmr kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Uhz dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Hs ufj hsphdkh phlênkdj quh sh hfduhftrj hf jnujs ijrkfjs y hf êrhjs rmdmsjs, tjickëf hf hsthrms gh jnuj sjlmcrh y sh ghspljzjf rêpkgjihfth. Fmrijlihfth sh hfduhftrj hf zmfjs smihrjs phrm kfgkvkgums iês nrjfghs tkhfghf j kr j ijymrhs prm`ufgkgjghs ajstj 485 ihtrms. Lms ouvhfklhs jfgjf hf djrgÿihfhs, ikhftrjs quh lms jgultms smf kfgkvkgums smlktjrkms. Th jlkihftj gh phdhs, drustêdhms y mtrms kfvhrthcrjgms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
: ihtrm gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Dmihrdkjl pjrj dmfsuim auijfm, phsdj ghpmrtkvj. Wjickëf hs rhgudkgm pjrj ajrkfj gh phsdjgm. Uhz dmfskghrjgm dmim gh thrdhrj dljsh hf Dmlkij.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
75
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ DJSJFNKGJH DJSJFNKGJ H Djrjfx shx`jsdkjtus Zumy y Njkijrg, :138
FMICSH DMIßF
Mom gh phrrj, ourhl moôf.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Hf hl Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl, ghsgh Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj Tur y hl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj hl Hdujgmr kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Uhz dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Hs ufj hsphdkh phlênkdj hfdmftrjgm hf jnujs ijrkfjs jsmdkjgm j êrhjs rmdmsjs, mdjskmfjlihfth phfhtrjf j hsthrms y ljnufjs dmsthrjs. Lms ouvhfklhs vkvhf ghftrm gh ljs ljnufjs dmsthrjs. Jfgjf hf djrgÿihfhs hf ljs êrhjs rmdmsjs gurjfth hl géj y sh gksphrsjf gurjfth lj fmdah. Th jlkihftj gh phdhs, drustêdhms y mtrms kfvhrthcrjgms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:35 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Dmihrdkjl pjrj dmfsuim auijfm. Uhz dmfskghrjgm gh shnufgj dljsh hf Dmlkij.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
MOM GH UHSSJ, OXSHL MOÔF
7:
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ DJSJFNKGJH DJSJFNKGJ H Djrjfx vkfdtus Omrgjf & Nklchrt, :113
FMICSH DMIßF
Damdam dakdm, ourhl rjyjgm.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ghsgh Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj ajstj hl Uhrÿ. Uhz dmfskghrjgm dmim jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr jzul dhfkzm hf hl gmrsm, pljthjgm hf lj pjrth vhftrjl, prhshftj `rjfojs jl dmstjgm gh dmlmr cljfdm dmf ufj ijfdaj msdurj hf hl mpërdulm. Tu aêcktjt smf ljs jnujs dmsthrjs, sh jlkihftj gh phdhs phquhúms, drustêdhms h kfvhrthcrjgms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
4> dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Ujrj phsdj ghpmrtkvj.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj
DAMDAM DAKDM, OXSHL SJ[JGM
73
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ LXWOJFKGJH LXWOJFKGJ H Lutojfus jrnhftkvhftrks jrnhftkvhftrks Uhthrs, :10;
UJSNM JLJ_ÊF, UJSNM JIJSKLLM
FMICSH DMIßF
Ujrnm jljzêf, pjrnm jijrkllm, pjrnm gh ijfnljr, pjrnm dmymtkllm.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Hf hl Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl, ghsgh ljs Tur gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj hl Uhrÿ. Hsphdkh jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr jijrkllm dmf ijfdajs rmokzjs hf lj pjrth gh lj djchzj. Ajcktj hf lunjrhs gh `mfgms rmdmsms ajstj lms 05 ihtrms gh prm`ufgkgjg. Uuhgh shr tmlhrjfth j jnujs sjlmcrhs. Th hfduhftrj hf `mrij smlktjrkj m `mrijfgm nrupms gurjfth hl géj. Lms ouvhfklh ouvhfklhss hftrjf j lms hsthrms y ljnufjs dmsthrjs. Th jlkihftj gh fmdah gh phdhs, imlusdms, djfnrhoms y djijrmfhs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
>: dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Uhsdj dmihrdkjl. Hsphdkh gh prkihrj dljsh hf Dmlkij.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
74
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ LXWOJFKGJH LXWOJFKGJ H Lutojfus nutjttus Tthkfgjdafhr, :10;
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
CKMLMNÉJ
Lufjrhom, `ljihfdm, pjrnm lufjrhom, pjrnm `ljihfdm, pjrnm dakvjtm. Ghl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj j Uhrÿ2 ajcktj hf jnujs dmsthrjs hf cjaéjs gh `mfgm gh jrhfj tjickëf hf jnujs ijs prm`ufgjs smcrh `mfgms pjrj phsdj gh jrrjstrh. Hsphdkh dmfskghrjgj jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs. Dmlmr pljthjgm dmf `rjfojs cljfdjs dmf uf mdhlm fhnrm gkstkftkvm hf lj pjrth ihgkj vhftrjl. Th hfduhftrj hf `mfgms gurms y hf êrhjs gh jrrhdk`hs. Nhfhrjlihfth smlktjrkm m hf phquhúms nrupms, phrm iuy mdjskmfjlihfth hf nrjfghs nrupms, lms ouvhfklhs smf utklkzjgms pjrj hstujrkms y gh vhftj `rhsdm m dmfnhljgm.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
15 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Uhsdj dmihrdkjl. Hsphdkh gh prkihrj dljsh hf Dmlkij.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
LXFJSHOM, @LJIHFDM, UJSNM LXFJSHOM,
77
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ LXWOJFKGJH LXWOJFKGJ H Lutojfus fmvhi`jsdkjtus Nkll, :103
FMICSH DMIßF
Ujrnm iuljtm, pjrnm prkhtm, duhvhrm, rjkdhrm, pjrnm fhnrm, pjrnm gkhftôf, cmdj `uhrth, pjrnm imrhfm.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Hf hl Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl, ghsgh ljs Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj ajstj hl Uhrÿ. Hsphdkh dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr vhrgmsm j dj`ë, dmf gkstkftkvjs `rjfojs fhnrjs jl dmstjgm ghl duhrpm. Ajcktjf dmstjs rmdmsjs y jrrhdk`hs gh dmrjl ajstj ufj prm`ufgkgjg gh 05 ihtrms. Lms ouvhfklhs puhghf hfdmftrjrsh hf lms hstujrkms dmf ijfnljrh ijfnljrhss y hf ljs cmdjs gh lms réms lm dujlhs puhghf kfdluskvh phfhtrjr. Hs djrfévmrm fmdturfm y sh jlkihftj gh kfvhrthcrjgms ijymrhs (tjlhs dmim djfnrhoms, djijrmfhs) y phdhs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:>5 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Uhsdj dmihrdkjl y ghpmrtkvj gh `mfgm. Urkihrj dljsh.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Kfm`hfskvm .
UJSNM IXLJWM, UJSNM USKHWM, UJSNM FHNSM,
78
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ LXWOJFKGJH LXWOJFKGJ H Lutojfus vkrkgks Pjlhfdkhffhs, :170
FMICSH DMIßF
Dukdm, rjyktm, pjrnm rjyjgm.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj (kfdluyhfgm hl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj) j Hdujgmr, kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm y Njlêpjnms. Hsphdkh jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djr Djrrkzjlhs. rkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr vhrgmsm dmf gkstkftkvjs léfhjs lmfnktugkfjlhs gh dmlmr fhnrm , ljs jlhtj djugjl gh dmlmr jijrkllj. Ajcktj hf ljs jnujs dmsthrjs `rhduhfthihfth jlrhghgmr y hl lms jrrhdk`hs gh dmrjl mdjskmfjlihfth hf nrjfghs nrupms. Th hfduhftrj hftrh :5 y :8 ihtrms gh prm`ufgkgjg. Hsphdkh gh aêcktms djrfévmrms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
45 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Tucsksthfdkj pjrj ljs phsquhréjs. Gh shnufgj dljsh hf Dmlkij.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
DXKDM, SJ[KWM, UJSNM SJ[JGM
70
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
LXWOJFKGJ H @JIKLKJ LXWOJFKGJH Lutojfus kfhriks Uhthrs, :10;
FMICSH DMIßF
Tjfgéj, ruckj, rjckruckj, cjrckrruckj.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ghsgh Iëxkdm ajstj Ujfjiê. Hsphdkh dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Ajcktjf hf êrhjs rmdmsjs hf ljs prm`ufgkgjghs, pmr lm ihfms j lms 75 ihtrms, sh jlkihftjf gh phquhúms phdhs h kfvhrthcrjgms, Hf jlnufjs mdjskmfhs kfnkhrhf pljfdtmf.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
47 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl. Hs Hsphdkh phdkh gh shnufgj dljsh hf Dmlkij.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Ujrj phsdj ghpmrtkvj.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Kfm`hfskvm.
TJFGÉJ, SXCKJ, SJCKSXCKJ, CJSCKSSXCKJ
7>
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ AJHIXLKGJH AJHIXLKGJ H Ajhiulmf ijdulkdjugj Nkll, :104
FMICSH DMIßF
Sjspmsj, currktm rmfdjgmr, rjyjgm.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Th gkstrkcuyh ghsgh Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj j Ujfjiê. Hs ufj gh ljs hsphdkhs gmikfjfths gh Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Urhshftj aklhrjs gh `kljs gh hsdjijs cljfdjs jl dmstjgm ghl duhrpm y ufj ijfdaj fhnrj gkstkftkvj hf lj cjsh gh lj jlhtj djugjl. @mrij djrgÿihfhs nrjfghs hf jrrhdk`hs rmdmsms y gh dmrjl gurjfth hl géj y gksphrsêfgmsh gh fmdah smcrh `mfgms jrhfmsms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
34 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Hs dmihstkclh y pjrj djrfjgj. Hs dmfskghrjgj gh thrdhrj dljsh hf Dmlkij.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
SJTUMTJ, CXSSKWM SMFDJGMS, SMFDJG MS, SJ S J[JGM
71
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ AJHIXLKGJH AJHIXLKGJ H Ajhiulmf shx`jsdkjtui Nkll, :103
FMICSH DMIßF
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WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
71 dhftéihtrms .gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
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WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:5 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
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WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
45 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
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WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
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35 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
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WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
38 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
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CKMLMNÉJ
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WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
4: dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
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WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
31 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
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CKMLMNÉJ
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WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
38.7 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
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CKMLMNÉJ
Tmf ajcktjfths dmiufhs hf ljs dmstjs rmdmsjs y sh jlkihftjf gh jlnjs, imlusdms y drustêdhms2 tjickëf “lkipkj’ drustêdhms hdtmpjrêsktms gh mtrms phdhs. Nhfhrjlihfth sh mcshrvj hf phquhúms djrgÿihfhs m nrjfghs hftrh lms 3 j 75 ihtrms gh prm`ufgkgjg iuy jsmdkjgms jl `mfgm. Tmf iuy jdtkvms gurjfth hl géj y jl msdurhdhr sh rh`unkjf hf duhvjs dhrdj gh lj suphr`kdkh gh ljs rmdjs y jrrhdk`hs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
35 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
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CKMLMNÉJ
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WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
40 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
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CKMLMNÉJ
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WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
70 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
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CKMLMNÉJ
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WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
78 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
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CKMLMNÉJ
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WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
41 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
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Ajcktj hf dmstjs rmdmsjs, Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj hf hl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj y hf ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm y Njlêpjnms. Uhz dmfskghrjgm dmim jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Urhshftj uf dmlmr vhrgh j dj`ë dmf `rjfojs gkstkftkvjs hf lj pjrth ljthrjl gh dmlmr dj`ë msdurm. Lms ouvhfklhs sh hfduhftrjf hf lj zmfj gh surnhfdkj, lms jgultms hf jrrhdk`hs rmdmsms ajstj ihfms gh 35 i gh prm`ufgkgjg. Tmlktjrkm, vkvh hf jnujs smihrjs y prm`ufgjs hf jrrhdk`hs rmdmsms skhfgm djiu`ljnhjgms pmr ljs rmdjs, sh jlkihftj gh drustêdhms y phquhúms phdhs, dmfskghrjgm uf
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
05 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Dmim prmgudtm dmihrdkjl y phsdj.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
WKNSH, UJSNM UKWHSM, AJLDÔF NKNJFWH
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
04
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ _JFDLKGJH _JFDLKGJ H _jfdlus dmrfutus Lkffjhus, :>81
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
CKMLMNÉJ
Égmlm Imrm.
Hf hl Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl, ghsgh ljs dmstjs Tur ghl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj hl Uhrÿ. Wjickëf hs hfdmftrjgm hhf f hl Kfgm Ujdé`kdm y hf ljs Ksljs gh Ajwjk. Kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm. Hsphdkh jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs. Dmlmr jijrkllm dmf `rjfojs fhnrjs, jlhtj gmrsjl jlmfnjgj. Amdkdm puftkjnugm. Tuhlh vhrsh hf `mrij smlktjrkj m hf djrgÿihfhs. Ajcktjf hf ljnufjs jrrhdk`hs gh dmrjl, y êrhjs rmdmsjs. Nhfhrjlihfth hfdmftrjgm hf phquhúms nrupms gh 3 m 4 kfgkvkgums. Th jlkihftjf gh jfkijlhs kfdrustjgms hf ljs rmdjs y dmrjlhs. Llhnj j vkvkr ajstj prm`ufgkgjghs gh :15 ihtrms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
34 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Umpuljr hf jdujrkms.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:. Hl dmihrdkm hf Jlhijfkj hstj rhstrkfnkgm.
ÉGMLM IMSM
Fkfnufj
UHLKNSMTKGJG
07
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ UMIJDHFWSKGJH Jcugh`gu` trmsdahlkk trmsdahlkk Nkll, :103
FMICSH DMIßF
Ukftjúm jijrkllm, iulhnkfm, phtjdj dampj.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Hf hl Mdëjfm Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl, ghsgh Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj jl Uhrÿ. Kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm. Hsphdkh jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
UKFWJÚM JIJSKLLM, UKFWJÚM IXLHNKFM, UHWJDJ DAMUJ
Ajcktjfth dmiÿf gh ljs dmstjs rmdmsjs y gh jrrhdk`h gh dmrjl hf prm`ufgkgjghs gh hftrh : j :3 ihtrms. Th lhs mcshrvj tjftm hf djrgÿihfhs dmim hf `mrij smlktjrkj. Lms ijdams smf jnrhskvms y thrrktmrkjlkstjs gurjfth lj ëpmdj gh rhprmguddkôf. Th jlkihftjf gh pljfdtmf, phquhúms kfvhrthcrjgms y jlnjs smcrh ljs rmdjs gurjfth ljs amrjs luz ghl géj.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:1 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Ujrj jdujrkm.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
08
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ UMIJDHFWSKGJH Darmiks jtrklmcjtj Nkll, :103
FMICSH DMIßF
Dmlj gh tkohrj, djstjúhlj, djstjúhtj dmfnuktj.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Pkvhf hf jickhfth trmpkdjl ghsgh hl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj, Iëxkdm ajstj hl Hdujgmr. Kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm. Hsphdkh gmikfjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
DMLJ GH WKOHSJ, DJTWJÚHLJ, DJTWJÚHWJ DMFNXKWJ
Ajcktjf hf êrhjs rmdmsjs y gh jrrhdk`hs gh dmrjl. Tu dmipmrtjikhftm hs hf `mrij gh djrgÿihfhs nrjfghs jlkihftêfgmsh smcrh zmmpljfdtmf. Fm smf thrrktmrkjlktjs dmim mtrjs hsphdkhs gh lj iksij `jiklkj. Tu rjfnm gh prm`ufgkgjg hs ghsgh lj suphr`kdkh ajstj lms 35 ihtrms mdjskmfjlihfth puhghf kfdurskmfjr j ijs gh 85 ihtrms gh prm`ufgkgjg.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:4 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm hxksth fkfnufj phsquhréj smcrh hsth phz, skf hicjrnm hs dmihstkclh.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
00
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ UMIJDHFWSKGJH Ikdrmspjtamgmf Ikdrms pjtamgmf gmrsjlks Nkll, :103
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
CKMLMNÉJ
OJZXHWJ NKNJFWH, DJTWJÚXHLJ NKNJFWH, GJIKTHLJ NKNJFWH
Ojquhtj nknjfth2 djstjúuhlj nknjfth, gjikshlj nknjfth.
Th gkstrkcuyh ghsgh lj pjrth dhftrjl ghl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Dmlmickj, kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm.
Tmf ajcktjfths dmiufhs gh dmstjs rmdmsjs, prkfdkpjlihfth hf zmfjs gh jltm mlhjoh hftrh lms : j 8 ihtrms gh prm`ufgkgjg. Tmf jltjihfth thrrktmrkjlhs y jnrhskvms lm dujl gh`khfghf thrrktmrkms gh jlkihftjdkôf y gh rhprmguddkôf jtjdjfgm j dujlqukhr phz quh sh jdhrquh. Th jlkihftj gh jlnjs quh sh jgakhrhf j ljs rmdjs y gh pljfdtmf.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
4: dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl .
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm hxksth fkfnufj phsquhréj smcrh hsth phz, skf hicjrnm hs dmihstkclh.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
Ijdam hf phrkmgm gh rhprmguddkôf
0>
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ UMIJDHFWSKGJH Ikdrmspjtamgmf cjkrgkk Ikdrmspjtamgmf cjkrgkk Nkll, :103
FMICSH DMIßF
Ojquhtj cmdmfj.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ghsgh hl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Hdujgmr. Hsphdkh dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr dj`ë msdurm dmf cmdj puftkjnugj y omrmcj hf lj pjrth gh lj djchzj. Ajcktj hf zmfjs rmdmsjs hxpuhstm j ljs dmrrkhfths, hs ahrcévmrm y ghpmsktj sus auhvms hf nrkhtjs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
45 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfh kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
OJZXHWJ CMDMFJ
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj
01
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ UMIJDHFWSKGJH Tthnjsths jdjpuldmhfsks @mwlhr, :;77
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
CKMLMNÉJ
DJTWJÚHWJ ÉFGKNJ ÉFGKNJ,, GJIKTHLJ, OJZXHWJ JDJUXLD JDJUXLDM M
Djstjúhtj éfgknj, gjikshlj, ojquhtj Jdjpuldm.
Ghsgh ljs dmstjs gh Tkfjlmj ajstj hl Uhrÿ. Hsphdkh gmikfjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
Dmlmr dj`ë msdurm hf lj pjrth vhftrjl y dj`ë dljrm hf lj djchzj. Hsth phz hs qukzês hl iês dmiÿf hf ljs dmstjs rmdmsjs, ijftkhfh ufj jnrhskvkgjg `uhrth pjrj dukgjr sus êrhjs thrrktmrkjlhs gh jlkihftjdkôf y rhprmguddkôf. Pkvh hf ljs zmfjs gh rmipkhfth y ajstj lms :3 ihtrms gh prm`ufgkgjg.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:> dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfh kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
@jsh Kfkdkjl
0;
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ UMIJDHFWSKGJH Tthnjsths `ljvkljtus Nkll, :103
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
CKMLMNÉJ
Djstjúhtj jzul gmrjgj, ojquhtj gh gms dmlmrhs.
Ghsgh ljs dmstjs gh Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj ajstj hl Hdujgmr. Hsphdkh gmikfjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
Dmlmr dj`ë dljrm dmf jlhtjs jijrklljs. Lj `jsh ouvhfkl hs gh dmlmr jzul hf lj pjrth gmrsjl y jijrkllm hf lj vhftrjl dmf uf mdhlm fhnrm fhnrm hf lj pjrth trjshrj gh lj jlhtj gmrsjl. Pkvh hf ljs zmfjs rmdmsjs ghsgh lj rmipkhfth y ajstj lms :5 ihtrms gh prm`ufgkgjg. Hs uf phz mifévmrm.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:7 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfh kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
DJTWJÚHWJ J_XL GMSJGJ, GM SJGJ, OJZXHWJ GH GMT DMLMSHT
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
@jsh ouvhfkl
>5
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ UMIJDHFWSKGJH Tthnjsths rhdtk`rjhfui rhdtk`rjhfui Nkll, :103
FMICSH DMIßF
.ojquhtj gh Dmrths
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ghsgh ljs dmstjs gh Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj aj ajstj stj Dakjpjs. Hsphdkh rjrj hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr dj`ë msdurm dmf `rjfojs jzuljgjs hf lj djchzj. Pkvh hf ljs zmfjs rmdmsjs ghsgh lj rmipkhfth y ajstj lms :5 ihtrms gh prm`ufgkgjg. Hs uf phz mifévmrm.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:3dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfhf kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
OJZXHWJ GH DMSWHT
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>:
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ LJCSKGJH LJCSKGJ H Cmgkjfus gkplmtjhfkj Nkll, :103
@jsh jgultj
FMICSH DMIßF
Uhrrktj, dmihléf, vkhoj gh pkhgrj.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Hf hl Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl, ghsgh lj Kslj Nujgjluph y hl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj j Daklh, kfdluyhfgm ljs ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm. Jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Ajcktjf êrhjs rmdmsjs y gh dmrjl hftrh lms 7 j >0 ihtrms gh prm`ufgkgjg. Jlnufjs vhdhs tjickëf hs hfdmftrjgm hf êrhjs gh `mfgms jrhfmsms y gmfgh jcufghf ljs jlnjs ijrkfjs. Th puhghf hfdmftrjr hf `mrij smlktjrkj m hf nrupms gh pmdms kfgkvkgums. Th jlkihftjf gh djfnrhoms, hstrhlljs ijrkfjs, hrkzms gh ijr y imlusdms. Gurjfth hl géj smf iuy gkfêikdms y hf lj fmdah sh jnlmihrjf hf duhvjs y phquhújs jnuohrms pjrj prmthnhrsh y gmrikr.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
>0 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Ujrj jdujrkm hf htjpj ouvhfkl y hs dmihstkclh.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHSSKWJ, DMIHLÉF, PKHOJ GH UKHGSJ
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
@jsh kfkdkjl
>3
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ LJCSKGJH LJCSKGJ H Ajlkdamhrhs dakhrdakjh Gk Djrpmrkjddm, :;71
FMICSH DMIßF
Thúmrktj ahrkgj.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Uhz gh jickhfths trmpkdjlhs (45mF j 43mT), sh gkstrkcuyh ghsgh hl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Ujfjiê kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm y Njlêpjnms.
CKMLMNÉJ
Uhs quh prhshftj ufj shrkh gh dmlmrhs dmlmrhs hf hl duhrpm gmikfjfgm hl vhrgh dmf rmoms hf lj pjrth gh lj djchzj y jlhtj djugjl, prhshftj uf gkstkftkvm lufjr fhnrm dmf rmom hf lj pjrth gmrsjl. Dmiÿf hf êrhjs gh rmdjs gh pmdj prm`ufgkgjg. Th jlkihftj gh hrkzms, djfnrhoms, hstrhlljs gh ijr.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:>.8 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfh kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
THÚMSKWJ AHSKGJ
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
>4
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ LJCSKGJH LJCSKGJ H Ajlkdamhrhs gkspklus Nuftahr, :107
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
CKMLMNÉJ
Thúmrktj dmdkfhrj.
Uhz gh jickhfths trmpkdjlhs jsmdkjgm j jrrhdk`hs dmrjlkfms, sh gkstrkcuyh gkstrkcuyh ghsgh Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Uhrÿ kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm y Njlêpjnms. Hsphdkh gmikfjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs. Tuhlh prhshftjr ufj vjrkhgjg gh dmlmrhs dmf`mrih vj drhdkhfgm quh vj j uf dmlmr cljfdm hf `jsh kfkdkjl j dmlmr rmokzm hf `jsh thrikfjl. Dmiÿf hf jnujs smihrjs gmfgh hxksthf jrhfj y nrjvj dhrdj gh lms jrrhdk`hs dmrjlkfms. Th hfduhftrj fmrijlihfth sm smlktjrkm lktjrkm m dmf phquhúms nrupms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
38 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Dmihstkclh.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl XKDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
THÚMSKWJ DMDKFHSJ
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
>7
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ LJCSKGJH LJCSKGJ H Ajlkdamhrhs fkdamlsk Omrgjf & Nklchrt, :113
FMICSH DMIßF
Thúmrktj smlthrmfj.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Uhz gh jickhfths trmpkdjlhs jsmdkjgm j jrrhdk`hs dmrjlkfms, sh gkstrkcuyh gkstrkcuyh ghsgh Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Ujfjiê kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm y Njlêpjnms. Dmfskghrjgj jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
@jsh kfthrihgkj
Urhshftj uf dmlmr nrks dmf gkstkftkvjs `rjfoj fhnrjs hf lj pjrth ihgkj ghl duhrpm. Hf lj `jsh thrikfjl smlm prhshftj ufj ijfdaj fhnrj quh vj ghsgh lj jlhtj gmrsjl j lj djugjl dmf uf gkstkftkvm mdhlm gh dmlmr jfjrjfojgm hf lj pjrth ihgkj ghl duhrpm. Dmiÿf hf jnujs smihrjs gmfgh hxksthf jrhfj y nrjvj dhrdj gh lms jrrhdk`hs dmrjlkfms. Th jlkihftj gh hrkzms, djfnrhoms, hstrhlljs gh ijr.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
41 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfh kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
THÚMSKWJ THÚMSK WJ TMLWHSMFJ
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
@jsh thrikfjl
>8
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ LJCSKGJH LJCSKGJ H Ajlkdamhrhs fmtmspklus Nuftahr, :107
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Thúmrktj lkstjgj.
Uhz gh jickhfths trmpkdjlhs jsmdkjgm j jrrhdk`hs dmrjlkfms, sh gkstrkcuyh ghsgh Cjaéj Ijngjlhfj, Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Uhrÿ kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Hsphdkh dmfskghrjgj jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr vhrgh dmf 1 `rjfojs cljfdjs hf lj pjrth vhftrjl ghl duhrpm. Dmiÿf hf jnujs smihrjs gmfgh hxksthf jlnjs. Th jlkihftj gh hrkzms, djfnrhoms, hstrhlljs gh ijr.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
38.7 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfh kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
THÚMSKWJ THÚMSK WJ LKTWJGJ
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
>0
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ LJCSKGJH LJCSKGJ H Wajljssmij ludjsjfui Nkll, :103
FMICSH DMIßF
Pkhoktj jrdmkrks gh Dmrtës.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Uhz gh jickhfths trmpkdjlhs (45mF j 43mT), sh gkstrkcuyh ghsgh hl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Ujfjiê kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm y Njlêpjnms. Hsphdkh dmfskghrjgj gmikfjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
PKHOKWJ JSDMKSKT GH DMSWËT
@mrij phquhúms jnlmihrjgms gh phdhs smcrh lms jrrhdk`hs y dmstjs rmdmsjs. Th jlkihftjf smcrh pljfdtmf h kfvhrthcrjgm phquhúms y jlnjs quh sh kfdrustjf smcrh ljs rmdjs, jghiês prhshftjf uf dmipmrtjikhftm gh “phz lkipkjgmr’ gh hdtmpjrêsktms gh mtrms phdhs. Hl ijdam gmikfj j uf nrupm gh ahicrjs pjrj lj rhprmguddkôf. Pkvhf ghsgh lj suphr`kdkh ajstj lms 07 ihtrms gh prm`ufgkgjg.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:8 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Tmlm pjrj jdujrkm.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
@jsh Kfkdkjl
>>
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ LJCSKGJH LJCSKGJ H Wajljssmij nrjiijtkdui Nklchrt ,, :1;5
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Pkhoktj drhpÿsdulm, vkhoj drhpÿsdulm.
Ajcktj hf rmdjs y jrrhdk`hs gh dmrjl hf rmdjs jlkoms, Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Ujfjiê kfdluyhfgm ljs ksljs Shvklljnknhgm y Njlêpjnms. Hsphdkh jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr vhrgh jzuljgm dmf gkstkftkvm ijfdaj rmoj j pjrtkr ghl lms moms. Hs ufj hsphdkh smlktjrkj hfdmftrjgj hf jrrhdk`hs dmrjlkfms. Th iuh iuhvhf vhf j nrjfghs gkstjfdkjs j dmihr hsphdkhs kfvhrthcrjgjs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
43 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Tmlm pjrj jdujrkms.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
PKHOKWJ DSHUßTDXLM, PKHOJ DSHUßTDXLM
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
>1
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ LJCSKGJH LJCSKGJ H Fmvjdulkdatays tjhfkmurus Ljdhphgh, :15:
FMICSH DMIßF
Dudakllm grjnôf.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ujdé`kdm ghl Hsth, Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj j Ujfjiê, kfdlukgjs ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Hsphdkh rjrj hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Urhshftj uf dmlmr fhnrm jlthrfjgm dmf dj`ë vhrgmsm, dmf ufj ijfdaj cljfdj hf lj cjsh gh lj jlhtj djugjl. Ajcktj hf êrhjs gh jrhfj ihzdljgj, lms jgultms sh iuhvhf nhfhrjlihfth hf pjrhojs. Th jlkihftj gh imlusdms, hrkzms gh ijr, hstrhlljs `rênklhs, pmlkquhtms y djfnrhoms. Lj jlkihftjdkôf lj llhvjf j djcm vmldjfgm rmdjs pjrj hxpmfhr prhsjs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
45 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Hsdjsm vjlmr dmihrdkjl, jdujrkm.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj gh lj KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
DXDAKLLM GSJNÔF
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj
>;
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ TDJSKGJH TDJSK GJH Fkdamlskfj ghftkduljtj (Hvhrijff & Sjgdlk``h, :;:>)
FMICSH DMIßF
Umdmdam chrkquhth
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ghsgh Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Uhrÿ kfdlukgjs ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Hsphdkh dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
Dmlmr dj`ë mpjdm m nrks rmokzm phrm skhiprh `uhrthihfth imthjgm djiu`lêfgmsh dmf hl jickhfth.. Jlhtj djugjl rmokzj. CKMLMNÉJ
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
48 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfhf kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj gh lj KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UMDMDAM CHSKZXHWH
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj
15
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
TDJSK GJH @JIKLKJ TDJSKGJH Tdjrus namccjf @mrssbjl, :>>8
FMICSH DMIßF
Lmrm cjrcjzul
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Hsphdkh trjfspjdé`kdj. Hf hl Mdhjfm Ujdk`kdm Mrkhftjl ghsgh Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Hdujgmr kfdlukgjs ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Hsphdkh rjrj hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs. Dmlmr vhrgh jzuljgm.
CKMLMNÉJ
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
>8 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
LMSM CJSCJ_XL KIUMSWJFDKJ
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj gh lj KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj
1:
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ TDJSKGJH TDJSK GJH Tdjrus rucrmvkmljdhus rucrmvkmljdhus Clhhbhr, :17>
FMICSH DMIßF
Lmrm vkmlêdhm
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Hsphdkh trjfspjdé`kdj. Hf hl Mdëjfm Ujdk`kdm Mrkhftjl ghsgh Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Hdujgmr kfdlukgjs ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Hsphdkh rjrj hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs. Dmlmr imrjgm j jzul dkhlm.
CKMLMNÉJ
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
>5 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfhf kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj gh lj KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
LMSM PKMLJDHM PKMLJDHM
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj
13
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ LJCSKTMIKGJH Ijljdmdthfus auccsk auccsk Tprkfnhr, :;8;
FMICSH DMIßF
Wrjicmllm rmom.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ujdé`kdm Dhftrjl ghl Hsth, Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj y hl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj j Jdjpuldm, Iëxkdm. Hsphdkh rjrj hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
Ajcktj hf êrhjs rmdmsjs cjojs. Th jlkihftj gh kfvhrthcrjgms. CKMLMNÉJ
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
; dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Ujrj jdujrkm.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj gh lj KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
WSJICMLLM SMOM
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj
14
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ CLHFFKKGJH Mpakmclhffkus sthkfgjdafhrk Omrgjf y Hvhrijff, :1;1
FMICSH DMIßF
Djdaugktm imfm, tjicmrkllm fhnrm.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ghsgh hl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj hl Uhrÿ. Kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm. Uhz dmfskghrjgm dmim jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Ajcktj hf dmstjs rmdmsjs hf lj zmfj gh rmipkhfth ajstj lms :5 ihtrms. Tu dmipmrtjikhftm hs pjskvm y fmrijlihfth sh lhs mcshrvj pmsjfgm smcrh lj suphr`kdkh gh ljs rmdjs m hsdmfgkgms hf phquhúms auhdms. Tu gkhtj dmfsksth prkfdkpjlihfth jlnjs h kfvhrthcrjgms chftôfkdms. Hf lj rhprmguddkôf lms auhvms smf dukgjgms (kfducjgms) pmr hl ijdam.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
38 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Ujrj jdujrkm.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm kfdlukgj hf lj lkstj rmoj gh lj KXDF y FMI-58;-HDML -355:.
DJDAXGKWM IMFM, WJICMSKLLM FHNSM
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
17
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ CLHFFKKGJH Uljnkmtrhius jzjlhus Uljnkmtrhius Omrgjf & Cmllijf, :1;5
FMICSH DMIßF
Clhfkm gkhfths gh sjclh.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Th gkstrkcuyh pmr hl Ujdé`kdm gh hsth ghl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj, Iëxkdm j Uhrÿ, kfdlukgjs ljs ksljs Njlêpjnms.
CKMLMNÉJ
Pkvh hf dmfdajs vjdéjs gh djrjdml, j ihfugm jiplkjfgm lj jphrturj. Th jlkihftj ufkëfgmsh j nrupms gh jrdm krks djiu`ljgm. Lj pkhl gh phdhs ijs nrjfghs hs hl jpmym prkfdkpjl gh lj gkhtj, jufquh tjickëf sh sjch quh dmihf auhvms. Hs ufj hsphdkh mvépjrj. Lms auhvms hstêf ufkgms m jnrhnjgms j ljs pjrhghs ghl rh`unkm ghl pjgrh y sh kfducjf pmr hl pjgrh.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:5 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Ujrj jdujrkms.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm kfdlukgj hf lj lkstj rmoj gh lj KXDF y FMI-58;-HDML -355:.
CLHFKM GKHFWHT GH TJCLH
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
18
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ NMCKKGJH NMCKKGJ H Dmrypampthrus urmspklus urmspklus Nkfscurn, :141
FMICSH DMIßF
Nmckm pkftjgm.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ujdé`kdm Dhftrjl ghl Hsth, Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj, Iëxkdm j ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Uhz dmfskghrjgm dmim dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr cljfduzdm dmf `kljs amrkzmftjlhs gh puftms rmoms. Ajcktj hf lms hsdmicrms gh jrhfj m hf lms `kljihftms rmdmsms gh dmrjl. Th jlkhftjf gh drustêdhms phquhúms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
0.8 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfh fkfnufj kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
NMCKM UKFWJGM
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj
10
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ NMCKKGJH NMCKKGJ H Hljdjtkfus puftkduljtus Nkfscurn, :141
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Nmckm djchzj rmoj.
Ujdé`kdm Dhftrjl ghl Hsth, Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj jl Hdujgmr.
CKMLMNÉJ
Duhrpm trjfsludkgm dmf puftms fhnrms ghsgh lj cjsh ghl mpërdulm ajstj lj jlhtj djugjl, lj djchzj hs gh dmlmr jfjrjfojgm. Ajcktj hf lms `kljihftms rmdmsms jsmdkjgms j jrrhdk`hs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
7.7 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfhf fkfnufj kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
NMCKM DJCH_J SMOJ
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj
1>
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ JDJFWAXSKGJH JDJFWAXSKG JH Jdjftaurus xjftampthrus xjftampthrus Pjlhfdkhffhs, :148
FMICSH DMIßF
Cjrchrm, dkruojfm, sjfnrjgmr, ljfdhrm, fjvjohrm.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Hf hl Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl ghsgh lj pjrth Cjoj ghl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Ujfjiê y ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm.
CKMLMNÉJ
Lms ouvhfklhs ajcktjf ghftrm gh ljs jnujs smihrjs prmthnkgms pmr lj turckghz ghl jnuj jlnufms jgultms, prh`khrhf jnujs prm`ufgjs gh ljs cjaéjs y tjickëf hf êrhjs gh jrrhdk`hs, hstjs hsphdkhs dmihf `kljihftms gh jlnjs, ghtrktus y phquhúms phdhs. Hf Uuftj djrrkzjlhs hs ufj hsphdkh jcufgjfth.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
>5 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Djpturj dmihrdkjl y jdujrkms. Th djpturj dmf jrpôf y jlijgrjcj. Hsphdkh dmfskghrjgj gh thrdhrj dljsh.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm kfdlukgj hf lj lkstj rmoj gh lj KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
CJSCHSM, DKSXOJFM, TJFNSJGMS
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Phfhfmsm (Ajlsthjg, :;15)
11
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ JDJFWAXSKGJH JDJFWAXSKG JH Jdjftaurus fknrkdjfs Lkffjhus, :>81
FMICSH DMIßF
Dkruojfm dmlkcljfdj, fjvjoôf djrkcljfdm.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ghsgh Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj ajstj ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm.
CKMLMNÉJ
Ajcktjf hf êrhjs rmdmsjs y jrrhdk`hs dmrjlkfms ghsgh lj zmfj gh `uhrth mlhjoh ajstj jlrhghgmr gh lms 85 ihtrms gh prm`ufgkgjg. Th jlkihftjf gh jlnjs `kljihftmsjs y mtrms mrnjfksims gh lms jrrhdk`hs. Tmf mrnjfksims thrrktmrkjlkstjs jnrhskvms. Hs dmfskghrjgj dmim dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
3:.4 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Ujrj jdujrkms y pjrj dmfsuim auijfm, jufquh ëstj ultkij fm aj ghsjrrmlljgm ufj phsquhréj gh kipmrtjfdkj.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
DKSXOJFM DMLKCLJFDJ, FJP FJ PJOMF DMSKCL DMSKCLJFDM JFDM
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
1;
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ JDJFWAXSKGJH JDJFWAXSKG JH Jdjftaurus trkmsthnus Lkffjhus, :>81
FMICSH DMIßF
Dkruojfm rhm.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl, Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj j Ujfjiê, kfdlukgjs ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm, Dlkpphrtmf, Dmdms y Njlêpjnms. Uhz dmfskghrjgm rjrm hf Dmlkij.
CKMLMNÉJ
Tu duhrpm hs gh uf dmlmr nrks mlkvêdhm, dmf 7 rjyjs vhrtkdjlhs (ufj hf lj djchzj smcrh hl mom jijrkllm2 ufj hf hl phgÿfdulm djugjl)2 vmlvkëfgmsh cljfdm ajdkj hl vkhftrh, j ihfugm dmf ufj léfhj jnugj gh ghijrdjdkôf. Hspkfj gmrsjl jnugj. Gkhfths dmf ghftkduljdkmfhs ljthrjlhs y suphr`kdkjlhs..
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
3> dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Dmihrdkjl y jdujrkm. Hf hl lktmrjl gh Dmlkij fm sh dmihrdkjlkzj.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl 355:.
DKSXOJFM SHM, DJSDHLJSKM
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Kf`mrihs gh hfvhfhfjikhftm pmr dknujthrj.
;5
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ JDJFWAXSKGJH JDJFWAXSKG JH Urkmfurus pufdtjtus Nkll, :103
FMICSH DMIßF
Djljfgrkj, dkruojfm, dmdakfktm pufthjgm.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Gh jickhfths trmpkdjlhs, sh gkstrkcuyh ghsgh Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj, Iëxkdm ajstj hl Tjlvjgmr, kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm.
CKMLMNÉJ
Hs ufj hsphdkh gh aêcktms gkurfms quh sh hfduhftrj smcrh jrrhdk`hs y dmstjs rmdmsjs smihrjs. Fmrijlihfth sh hfduhftrj jnrupjgms hf pj pjrvjgjs rvjgjs ajstj qu quhh hstms jldjfzj ufj tjllj ijymr y sh vuhlvhf smlktjrkms. Hs ahrcévmrm y sh jlkihftj gh jlnjs hf êrhjs rmdmsjs hftrh ljs prm`ufgkgjghs gh ufm j 48 ihtrms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
05 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Ujrj jdujrkms y pjrj dmfsuim auijfm, jufquh hstj ÿltkij fm aj ghsjrrmlljgm ufj phsquhréj gh kipmrtjfdkj. Uhz dmfskghrjgm dmim gh thrdhrj dljsh .
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
DJLJFGSKJ, DKSXOJFM, DMDAKFKWM UXFWHJGM
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
;:
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ UJSJLKDAWA[GJH UJSJLKDAWA[GJ H Ujrjlkdatays wmmlijfk Omrgjf & ^kllkjis :1;>
LHFNXJGM AJXSJDAH
FMICSH DMIßF
Lhfnujgm aujrjdah
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ghsgh Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj Iëxkdm, ajstj Uhrÿ. Uhz dmfskghrjgm dmim rjrm hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr dj`ë msdurm imthjgm dmf ijfdajs fhnrjs pjrj djiu`ljrsh smcrh hl `mfgm. Hs djrfévmrm jlkihftêfgmsh smcrh phdhs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
15 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Ujrj dmfsuim auijfm.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
;3
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ CJLKTWKGJH CJLKTWKG JH Ushugmcjlksths fju`rjnkui Omrgjf & Ttjrbs, :1;8
DMDAK CLJFDM
FMICSH DMIßF
Dmdak cljfdm, dajfdm `ksnôf.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Th gkstrkcuyh pmr hl Ujdé`kdm gh hsth ghsgh Cjaéj Tjftj Ijrk, Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj Iëxkdm, ajstj Daklh. Uhz dmfskghrjgm dmim rjrm hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Hs gh dmlmr nrks jzul pêlkgm j nrks dj`ë2 prhshftj vjrkjs cjfgjs dljrjs y msdurjs jlthrfjs vkskclhs jl dmstjgm. Th hfduhftrj hf zmfjs jrhfmsjs y êrhjs rmdmsjs, sh jlkihftj gh hrkzms gh ijr, gh phquhúms drustêdhms y imlusdms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
:55 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Ujrj dmfsuim auijfm. Hf Dmlkij fm sh dmihrdkjlkzj.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
;4
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
G H T D S K U D K ÔF
@JIKLKJ CJLKTWKGJH CJLKTWKG JH Tu``ljihf vhrrhs
FMICSH DMIßF
Nklchrt & Ttjrbs, :;57 GKTWSKCXDKÔF
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmdakfm, dmdaktm jijrkllm, djlj`jth dmdak.
Hf hl Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl, ghsgh ljs dmstjs gh Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj (Kslj gh Dhgrms) ajstj hl Hdujgmr kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm y Njlêpjnms. Uhz jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs. Hs hfdmftrjgm hf êrhjs rmdmsjs. Fmrijlihfth sh hfduhftrj hf prm`ufgkgjghs gh lms 4 ajstj 48 ihtrms. Tmf hsphdkhs smlktjrkjs. Th jlkihftj gh hrkzms, phquhúms drustêdhms y imlusdms, iudajs vhdhs smpljf hf lj jrhfj dmf hl `kf gh ghojr ghsduckhrtm j su prhsj. Th lh aj hfdmftrjgm ghftrm gh ljs duhvjs hf êrhjs rmdmsjs prmcjclhihfth dmikhfgm hrkzms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
75 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Dmihrdkjl pjrj dmfsuim auijfm, phsdj ghpmrtkvj. Uhz dmfskghrjgm dmim gh thrdhrj dljsh hf Dmlkij.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UXHSDM FHNSM, DMDAKFM
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Tmlm hf rjrjs mdjskmfhs su djrfh puhgh djusjr kftmxkdjdkmfhs.
;7
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ IMFJDJFWAKGJH Djftahrakfhs guihrklkk Amlljrg, :187
FMICSH DMIßF
Hspmfoj jijrkllj.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Th gkstrkcuyh ghsgh Ê`rkdj ajstj hl Ujdé`kdm gh Iëxkdm y Dmlmickj. Hsphdkh dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr vhrgh dmf ijfdajs fhnrjs jl dmstjgm ghl duhrpm, jlhtjs djugjl y gmrsjl gh dmlmr jijrkllm. Amdkdm gh tjijúm phquhúm. Ajcktj hf zmfjs gmfgh hxksth hl dmrjl, nhfhrjlihfth smlktjrkms hf jnujs prm`ufgjs, hstj sh rhdmfmdh dmim ufj hsphdkh téikgj, sh jlkihftjf gh jlnjs, hspmfojs, imlusdms gh ijr y imlusdms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
41 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Jdujrkm, dmihrdkjl.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
HTUMFOJ JIJSKLLJ
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj
;8
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ MTWSJDKKGJH Mstrjdkmf ihlhjnrks Tajw, :>;0
FMICSH DMIßF
Uhz dm`rh ijfdajgm.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Uhz trmpkdjl gkstrkcukgm ghsgh hl Kfgm Ujdé`kdm, Jiërkdj y Ê`rkdj. Kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm. Hsphdkh dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Hl dmlmr hs gk`hrhfth hf hl ijdam y lj aahicrj. hicrj. Hf hl ijdam hs gh dmlmr pljthjgm hf hl pjrth dmstjgm dmf puftms fhnrms y hf lj pjrth gmrsjl prhshftj puftm jijrkllms dmf cljfdm. Ljs ahicrjs hs gh dmlmr cljfdm dmf fhnrm dmf ufj gkstkftkvj jlhtj gmrsjl fhnrj. Ajcktj hf jnujs gh jrrhdk`h y êrhjs rmdmsjs gmfgh hl jnujs hs trjfspjrhfth. Tmlktjrkm, sh jlkihftj gh kfvhrthcrjgms dmim tufkdjgms, pmlkquhtms hspmfojs, imlusdms, dmpëpmgms y jlnjs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
38 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Jdujrkm.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
Ijdam
UH_ DM@SH IJFDAJGM
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Phfhfmsm jl dmfsuim
Ahicrj
;0
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ WHWSJMGMFWKGJH WHWSJMGMFWKGJ H Jrmtarmf ihlhjnrks Jrmtarmf Ljdhphgh, :>;1
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
CKMLMNÉJ
Pjrkhgjg Fhnrj
Wjicmrkl fhnrm m tjicmrkl gh mrm, phz nlmcm.
Th gkstrkcuyh hf jnujs trmpkdjlhs gh tmgm hl iufgm. Hf hl Ujdk`kdm Mrkhftjl ghsgh ljs dmstjs gh Nujyijs, Iëxkdm jl Hdujgmr kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm. Hsphdkh dmfskghrjgj jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
Urhshftj gms vjrkhgjghs gh lj iksij hsphdkhs, lj fhnrj y lj jijrkllj. Ajcktj hf êrhjs dmf jrrhdk`hs gh dmrjl, dmstjs rmdmsjs y hf hstrudturjs gh lms cjrdms aufgkgms. Th jlkihftj prkfdkpjlihfth gh phgjzms gh dmrjl, hspmf ojs, imlusdms, crkmsujrkms, tufkdjgms, `mrjikfé`hrms, jlnjs y ghtrktus. Tmf smlktjrkms y sh hfduhftrjf j ufj prm`ufgkgjg hftrh lms 4 j 37 ihtrms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
85 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Ujrj jdujrkms.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
WJICMSKL FHNSM, WJICMSKL GH MSM
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Phfhfmsm pjrj trhtjmgmtmxkfj.
hl
dmfsuim
auijfm,
dmftkhfh
Pjrkhgjg Jijrkllj
;>
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ WHWSJMGMFWKGJH WHWSJMGMFWKGJ H Jrmtarmf akspkgus Jrmtarmf Lkffjhus, :>81
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
CKMLMNÉJ
Wjicmrkl vhrgh
Hsphdkh dkruditrmpkdjl. Hf hl Ujdk`kdm mrkhftjl ghsgh, Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Ujfjiê. Hsphdkh dmfskghrjgj dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
Urhshftj dmlmr vhrgh dmf puftms cljfdms hf tmgm hl duhrpm, lj pjrth vhftrjl hs cljfdj. Ajcktj hf jnujs dmf prm`ufgkgjg ajstj lms 85 ihtrms, tjickëf sh hfduhftrjf hf ljs cjaéjs y hstujrkms hstujrkms dmsthrms nhfhrjlihfth dh dhrdj rdj gh ljs rmdjs, sh jlkihftjf gh jlnjs, hspmfojs y imlusdms.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
85 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfh kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl jlnufj.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
WJICMSKL PHSGH
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Phfhfmsm jl dmfsuim.
;1
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ WHWSJMGMFWKGJH WHWSJMGMFWKGJ H Djftaknjsthr pufdtjtksskij Ljdhpëgh, :>;1
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Cmthth hfjfm.
Hsphdkh dkrduitrmpkdjl. Hf hl Mdëjfm Ujdk`kdm Mrkhftjl, ghsgh ljs dmstjs gh Nujyijs, Iëxkdm ajstj Ujfjiê. Kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm. Hsphdkh jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr vhrgh dmf puftms cljfdms hf tmgm hl duhrpm. Amdkdm puftkjnugm. Th hsdmfgh hf êrhjs smicrhjgjs gh ljs rmdjs. Hs djrfévmrm y imfônjim.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
; dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Ujrj jdujrkms.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
CMWHWH HFJFM
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Fkfnufj.
;;
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ WHWSJMGMFWKGJH WHWSJMGMFWKGJ H Tpamhrmkghs lmcjtus Tthkfgjdafhr, :1>5
FMICSH DMIßF
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Wjicmrkl fjrknôf
Th gkstrkcuyh ghsgh Nml`m Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Uhrÿ kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Hsphdkh dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Dmlmr vhrgmsm dmf ijfdajs dj`ës hf lj pjrth gmrsjl, pjrth vhftrjl cljfdm. Urhshftj djiu`ljoh h`kdkhfth dmf hl `mfgm. Ajcktj nhfhrjlihfth hf cjaéjs, hstujrkms y jërhjs rmdmsjs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
38 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfh kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl jlnufj.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
WJICMSKL FJSKNMF
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Phfhfmsm jl dmfsuim.
:55
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM .
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ GKMGMFWKGJH GKMGMFWK GJH Gkmgmf amlmdjftaus
FMICSH DMIßF
Uhz hrkzm hfijsdjrjgm, tjicmrkllm.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Hf hl Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl ghsgh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Dmlmickj kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Shvklljnknhgm y Njlêpjnms. Uhz dmfskghrjgm dmim jcufgjfth hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
Lkffjhus, :>81
CKMLMNÉJ
Shljtkvjihfth dmiÿf hf jrrhdk`hs rmdmsms y jickhfths jrhfmsms hftrh lms 3 j lms :55 ihtrms gh prm`ufgkgjg. Fmrijlihfth smf kfgkvkgums smlktjrkms, phrm j vhdhs sh lhs hfduhftrj `mrijfgm nrupms phquhúms gh kfgkvkgums. Th jlkihftj gh imlusdms, hrkzms y djfnrhoms. Hs rhljtkvjihfth tmrph pjrj fjgjr y tkhfh lj djpjdkgjg gh kf`ljrsh dujfgm hsth sh skhfth jihfjzjgm pmr ghprhgjgmrhs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
85 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Hf jlnufms lunjrhs sh utklkzj dmim jrthsjféj y usjgm pmr lms dakfms hf ihgkdkfj.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:
UH_ HSK_M HFIJTDJSJGM, WJICMSKLLM
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Th tkhfh rhpmrth gh quh hs vhfhfmsm (dknujthrj) jl dmf dmf-suim.
:5:
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ GKMGMFWKGJH GKMGMFWK GJH Gkmgmf aystrkx
FMICSH DMIßF
Uhz puhrdm hspéf.
GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ijrhs trmpkdjlhs. Hf hl Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl ghsgh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Daklh kfdluyhfgm kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Uhz dmfskghrjgm dmim dmiÿf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Ajcktj hf jrrhdk`hs rmdmsms y dmrjlkfms ajstj jl ihfms lms 85 i gh prm`ufgkgjg. Th hfduhftrjf hf duhvjs m amyms. Fmrijlihfth smf kfgkvkgums smlktjrkms, phrm j vhdhs sh lhs hfduhftrj `mrijfgm nrupms phquhúms gh kfgkvkgums. Th jlkihftj gh imlusdms, hrkzms y djfnrhoms. Hs rhljtkvjihfth tmrph pjrj fjgjr y tkhfh lj djpjdkgjg gh kf`ljrsh dujfgm hsth sh skhfth jihfjzjgm pmr ghprhgjgmrhs.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
;5 dhftéihtrms gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Hf jlnufms lunjrhs sh utklkzj dmim jrthsjféj.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
Lkffjhus, :>81
UH_ UXHSDM HTUÉF
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Phfhfmsm pjrj hl dmfsuim auijfm.
:53
DJWÊLMNM GH UHDHT GH JSSHDK@HT SMDMTMT-DMSJLKFMT GH UXFWJ DJSSK_JLHT, DMLKIJ, IHQKDM
GHTDSKUDKÔF
@JIKLKJ GKMGMFWKGJH GKMGMFWK GJH Daklmiydthrus rhdtkduljtus
FMICSH DMIßF
Uhohrkzm dakquktm
Lkffjhus, :>81 GKTWSKCXDKÔF
Ijrhs trmpkdjlhs gh tmtm hl iufgm. Hf hl Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl ghsgh Djlk`mrfkj ajstj Daklh kfdluyhfgm ljs Ksljs Njlêpjnms. Uhz dmfskghrjgm dmim rjrm hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs.
CKMLMNÉJ
Hs gh dmlmr cljfdm pêlkgm dmf puftm fhnrms gkstkftkvm j lm ljrnm ghl tmgm hl duhrpm. Uhz fmrijlihfth smlktjrkm. Th jlkihftj gh kfvhrthcrjgms hf jrrhdk`hs gh dmrjl.
WJIJÚM IÊQKIM
Ajstj 88 di gh lmfnktug tmtjl.
KIUMSWJFDKJ
Fm tkhfhf fkfnufj kipmrtjfdkj dmihrdkjl.
HTWJWXT GH JIHFJ_J
Fm sh hfduhftrj hf lj lkstj rmoj ghl KXDF y FMI-58;HDML-355:.
UHOHSK_M
UHLKNSMTKGJG
Phfhfmsm pjrj hl dmfsuim auijfm.
:54
J`kfkgjg Kdtkmnhmnrê`kdj. Kdtkmnhmnrê`kdj.
Hsth jfêlksks kfgkdj quh hl 0:.1% gh ljs 1; hsphdkhs rhnkstrjgjs tkhfhf ufj gkstrkcudkôf ghftrm gh lj Urmvkfdkj Ujfjikdj, ikhftrjs quh ljs hsphdkhs y Wrjfspjdé`kdjs dmf hl 1% (tjftm hf hl Ujdk`kdm Mrkhftjl dmf Mddkghftjl), lj gh jiplkjs gkstrkcudkôf dmim ljs Ujdk`kdm Mrkhftjl Wrmpkdjl dmf ;%, ljs gh smlm lj Urmvkfdkj Ihxkdjfj dmf 0.>% quhgêfgmsh rhzjnjgjs ljs hsphdkhs dmf gkstrkcudkôf Dkrduitrmpkdjl dmf uf pmrdhftjoh ghl 7.8 pmr dkhftm (@knurj 7).
J`k fkgj g Kdt kmnh mnr j` kj 7.8
Dkrduitrmpkdjlhs Urmvkfdkj Ihxkdjfj
0.>
Ujdk`kdm Mrkhftjl
; :1
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0:.1
Urmvkfdkj Urmv kfdkj Ujfji kdj
5
35
75
05
15
Umrdhftjoh (%)
@knurj 7. Umrdhftjoh gh lj j`kfkgjg kdtkmnhmnrj`kdj kdtkmnhmnrj`kdj gh lms phdhs gh lms jrrhdk`hs rmdmsmsdmrjlkfms gh Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs, Dmlkij, Iëxkdm.
Dljsk`kdjdkôf Dljsk`kdjdkô f gh Jcufgjfdkj. Jcufgjfdkj.
Gh jduhrgm dmf hstj dljsk`kdjdkôf hl 73% (4>) smf hsphdkhs `rhduhfths y jcufgjfths, shnukgjs pmr hsphdkhs dmiufhs 3>% (37), hsphdkhs rjrjs dmf 3:% (:;), ghojfgm pmr ultkim j ljs hsphdkhs gmikfjfths quh dmrrhspmfgh jl :5% (;) ghl tmtjl gh hsphdkhs mcshrvjgjs (@knurj 8 y Wjclj KK).
:57
Gmikfjfths :5% Sjrjs 3:%
@rhduhfths y Jcufgjfths 73%
Dmiufhs 3>%
@knurj 8. Djthnmréjs gh hsphdkhs dmf rhsphdtm j su jcufgjfdkj hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs, Dmlkij, Iëxkdm. Wjclj KK. Lkstjgm gh ljs hsphdkhs y sus djthnmréjs dmf rhsphdtm j su jcufgjfdkj hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs, Dmlkij, Iëxkdm. Gmikfjfths
@rhduhfths Jc uf gjft hs
y
Dmiufhs
Sjrjs
Jpmnmf pjdk`kdus pjdk`kdus
Ikdrmlhpkgmtus crhvkpkffks
Dmrypamthrus urmspklus
Daklmiydthrus rhdtkduljtus
Darmiks jtrklmcjtj,
_jfdlus dmrfutus
Tpamrmkghs lmcjtus
Ijljdmdthfus auccsk
Tthnjsths jdjpuldmhfsks jdjpuldmhfsks
Jpmnmf rhstrmshllj
Fkdamlskfj ghftkduljtj
Ushugmphfhs nrjfgkqujiks
Wajljssmij ludjsjfui ludjsjfui
Dkrraktks rkvuljtus
Jdjftaurus fknrkdjfs
Nyifmtamrjx djstjfhus
Ajhiulmf ijdulkdjugj ijdulkdjugj
Bypamsus hlhnjfs
Djrjfx djfkfus
Iurjhfj jrnus
Iullmkgkdatays ghftjtus
Lutojfus jrnhftkvhftrks
Nyifmiurjhfj zhcrj
Ujrjlkdatays wmmlijfk
Urkmfmrus pufdtjtus
Ujrjftakjs dmlmfus
Syptkdus ckdmlmr
Tthnjsths rhdtk`rjhfui
Ajlkdamhrhs gkspklus
Uljnkmtrhius jzjlhus
Gkplmcjtks miijtj
Ahthrmprkjdjftaus druhftjtus
Tthnjsths `ljvkljtus `ljvkljtus
Bypamsus jfjlmnus
Tdjrus rucrmvkmljdhus
Xrmtrynmf rmnhrsk
Wajljssmij nrjiijtkdui
Mstrjdkmf ihlhjnrks
Jdjftaurus trkmsthnus
Tjrnmdhftrmf sucmrcktjlks
Jrmtarmf akspkgus
Jxmdlkfus ludklljh
Ajlkdamhrhs dakhrdakjh
Tdmrpjhfj pluihrk iysths
Ujrhquhs vkmlj
Ajlkdamhrhs fmtmpklus
Lutojfus fmvhi`jsdkjtus
Xrmcjtks dmfdhftrkdus
Ajlkdamhrhs fkdamlsk
Iurjhfj lhftknkfmsj
Ushugmcjlksths fjunrjnkui
Thrrjfus pskttjdkfus
Ikdrmspjtamgmf cjrgkk
Hljdjftakfus pufdtkduljtus
Gkmgmf amlmdjftaus
Jlpahsths kiijduljtus
Fmvjdulkdatays tjhfkmurus
@kstuljrkj Dmiihrsmffk
Gkmgmf aystrkx
Umijdjftaus zmfkphdtus
Dhpajlmpmlks pjfjihfsks
Tyfmgus ljdhrtkfus
Tdjrus namccjf
Lutojfus nutjttus
Xrmcjtks ajllhrk
Ghrijtmlhpks ghrijtmlhpks
Jdjftaurus xjftampthrus
Djftahrakfus guihrkllk
Mpakmclhffkus sthkfgjdafhrk Jrmtarmf ihlhjnrks
Ujrhquhs `usdmvkttjtus
Dajhtmgmf auihrjlks
Lutojfus kfhriks
Cmgkjfus gkplmtjhfkj
Mgmftmsdkmf xjftamps
Djrjfx `jsdkjtus
Tu``ljihf vhrrhs Djftaknjsthr pufdtjtksskij
:58
Ikdrmspjtamgmf gmrsjlks Hpkfhpahlus ljcrk`mriks Lutojfus vkrkgks Jcugh`gu` trmsdahlkk Djrjfx vkfdtus Amljdjftaus pjsshr Djrjfx djcjllus Omafrjfgjllkj fknrkrmstrks Dkrraktkdatays mxkdhpajlus Iyrkprkstks lhkmnfjtaus Ajhiulmf shx`jdkjtui
Lj dljsk`kdjdkôf gh @rhduhfdkj gh Jpjrkdkôf (@J) kfgkdm uf gmikfkm gh hsphdkhs kfdkhrtjs m vksktjfths mdjskmfjlhs dmf uf pmrdhftjoh gh 85% dmrrhspmfgkhfth j 74 hsphdkhs, hf shnufgm mrghf hstuvkhrmf ljs hsphdkhs rhskghfths phrijfhfths dmf 41% y pmr ÿltkim ljs hsphdkhs thipmrjlhs thipmrjlhs m hstjdkôfjlhs hstjdkôfjlhs dmf :3 pmr dkhftm (@knurj 0 y Wjclj KKK).
Shskghfths Uhrijfhfths 41%
Whipmrjlhs m Hstjdkmfjlhs :3%
Hsphdkhs Kfdkhrtjs y Pksktjfths Mdjskmfjlhs 85%
@knurj 0. Nrupm gh hsphdkhs pmr `rhduhfdkj gh jpjrkdkôf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs, Dmlkij, Iëxkdm.
Wjclj KKK. Lkstjgm gh hsphdkhs y sus djthnmréjs pmr `rhduhfdkj gh jpjrkdkôf hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs, Dmlkij, Iëxkdm. Shskghfths Uhrijfhfths Uhrijfhfths
Whipmrjlhs m Hstjdkmfjlhs
Hsphdkhs Kfdkhrtjs y Pksktjfths Mdjskmfjlhs
Tjrnmdhftrmf sucmrcktjlks Wajljssmij nrjiijtkdui Jcugh`gu` trmsdahlkk trmsdahlkk Jpmnmf pjdk`kdus pjdk`kdus Ajhiulmf shx`jdkjtui shx`jdkjt ui Ajlkdamhrhs dakhrdakjh Lutojfus jrnhftkvhftrks jrnhftkvhftrks Dhpajlmpmlks pjfjihfsks
Gkmgmf aystrkx Iurjhfj lhftknkfmsj lhftknkfms j Jlpahsths ki kiijduljtus ijduljtus Uljnkmtrhius Uljnkmtrhius jzjlhus Djrjfx djcjllus Djrjfx vkfdtus Lutojfus nutjttus Jdjftaurus xjftampthrus
Jdjftaurus trkmsthnus Daklmiydthr Daklmiydthrus us rhdtkduljtus rhdtkduljt us Ijljdmdthfus Ijljdmdthfus auccsk Ushugmph Ushugmphfhs fhs nrjfgkqujiks nrjfgkqujiks Nyifmtamrjx djstjfhus Iurjhfj jrnus Ujrjlkdatays wmmlijfk Tthnjsths rhdtk`rjhfui rhdtk`rjhfu i :50
Ajlkdamhrhs fkdamlsk Urkmfurus Urkmfuru s pufdtjtus Ajhiulmf ijdulkdjugj
Lutojfus vkrkgks _jfdlus dmrfutus Ujrjftakjs dmlmfus
Ahthrmprkjdjft Ahthrmprkjdjftaus aus druhftjtus Jxmdlkfus ludklljh Xrmtrynmf rmnhrsk
Dkrraktks rkvuljtus @kstuljrkj Dmiihrsmffk Ajlkdamhrhs fmtmpklus Mpakmclhffkus sthkfgjdafhrk Tthnjsths `ljvkljtus Thrrjfus pskttjdkfus pskttjdk fus Iullmkgkdatays Iullmkgkdata ys ghftjtus Dajhtmgmf auihrjlks Dkrraktkdatays mxkdhpajlus mxkdhpajlus Ajlkdamhrhs gkspklus Wajljssmij ludjsjfui Tu``ljihf vhrrhs Gkmgmf amlmdjftaus Darmiks jtrklmcjtj
Ujrhquhs Ujrhquhs `usdmvkttjtus
Ushugmcjl Ushugmcjlksths ksths fjunrjnkui fjunrjnkui Djrjfx djfkfus Dmrypamthrus urmspklus Hljdjftakfus Hljdjftakfu s pufdtkduljtus pufdtkduljtus
Djftaknjsthr pufdtjtksskij Djftaknjsthr Hpkfhpahlus ljcrk`mriks Iyrkprkstks Iyrkprkstk s lhkmnfjtaus Cmgkjfus gkplmtjhfkj Ikdrmspjtamgmf gmrsjlks Omafrjfgjllkj fknrkrmstrks fknrkrmstrk s Amljdjftaus pjsshr Tthnjsths jdjpuldmhfsks Jrmtarmf ihlhjnrks ihlhjnrks
Tpamrmkghs lmcjtus Tpamrmkghs Tdjrus namccjf Fkdamlskfj ghftkduljtj Ujrhquhs vkmlj Ghrijtmlhpks Ghrijtmlhpks ghrijtmlhpks ghrijtmlhpks Xrmcjtks ajllhrk Xrmcjtks dmfdhftrkdus dmfdhftrkdu s Djrjfx `jsdkjtus Fmvjdulkdatays Fmvjdulkd atays tjhfkmurus Lutojfus kfhriks Gkplmcjtks miijtj Umijdjftaus zmfkphdtus Tdjrus rucrmvkmljdhus Syptkdus ckdmlmr Jpmnmf rhstrmshllj Ikdrmlhpkgmtus crhvkpkffks Bypamsus hlhnjfs Jdjftaurus fknrkdjfs Bypamsus jfjlmnus jfjlmnus Nyifmiurjhfj zhcrj Tyfmgus ljdhrtkfus Lutojfus fmvhi`jsdkjtus fmvhi`jsdkjtus Djftahrakfus guihrkllk Mstrjdkmf ihlhjnrks Jrmtarmf akspkgus Mgmftmsdkmf xjftamps Tdmrpjhfj pluihrk iysths
Ikdrmspjtamgmf cjrgkk
Dljsk`kdjdkôf Dljsk`kdjdkô f Wrô`kdj.
Lj dljsk`kdjdkôf gh jduhrgm j sus aêcktms jlkihftkdkms uckdm j lms kdtkmchftm`jnms 38.1%, mifévmrms :1%, pksdévmrms :0.1%, zmmchftm`jnms :8.>%, ahrcévmrms 1.;%, pjrêsktms y lkipkjgmrhs dmf :.:% (@knurj >).
:5>
Djthnmrkjs Wrm`kdjs
38.1
Kdtkmchftô`jnms Mifévmrms
:1
Kdtkô`jnms m pksdévmrms
:0.1 :8.>
_mmchftô`jnms
:3.4
_mmpljfdtô`jnms
1.;
Ahrcévmrms y ghtrktkvmrms Lkipkjgmrhs
:.:
Ujrêsktms
:.: 5
8
:5
:8
35
38
45
Umrd hftjoh (% (%))
@knurj >. Djthnmréj trô`kdjs gh lms phdhs gh jrrhdk`h rmdmsm-dmrjlkfm gh lj Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs, Dmlkij, Iëxkdm.
GKTDXTKÔF Hxksthf gms nrjfghs êrhjs gmfgh lms jrrhdk`hs gh dmrjl sh dmfdhftrjf hf hl lktmrjl gh Dmlkij “Lj Cmquktj’ y “Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs’. Hl prkihrm, sh hfduhftrj hf lj pljyj gh Ikrjijr hf hl êrhj ghfmikfjgj “Lj Cmquktj’ pmr hstjr hf lj hftrjgj gh lj cmdj gh lj Ljnufj gh Oulujpjf. Th dmipmfhf gh uf êrhj gh 4555 ihtrms dujgrjgms, skf hicjrnm, lj `jdklkgjg gh jddhsm pmr pjrth gh lj pmcljdkôf y ljs prêdtkdjs gh hdmturksim ijl jplkdjgjs, ajf vhfkgm ghthrkmrjfgm
pjuljtkfjihfth hsth hdmsksthij. Lj shnufgj êrhj, hs hl jrrhdk`h gh dmrjl ijs nrjfgh gh Dmlkij y sh hfduhftrj hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs y hstj dmfskghrjgj dmim êrhj ijrkfj prkmrktjrkj
(J 3>) pmr pjrth gh lj DMFJCKM ghckgm j su jltm vjlmr gh ckmgkvhrskgjg. Ujrj lj prkihr êrhj gh sh hfdmftrjrmf 47 hsphdkhs quh hstêf ghsdrktjs hf hl djtêlmnm, pjrj lj shnufgj êrhj sh hfdmftrjrmf 1; hsphdkhs (djch ihfdkmfjr quh hf jicjs êrhjs sh hfdmftrjrmf vjrkjs gh ljs iksijs hsphdkhs gh phdhs). Xfj gh ljs `mrijs iês dmiufhs pjrj hxprhsjr hl dmfmdkikhftm ghsdrkptkvm gh lms phdhs hf ufj rhnkôf nhmnrê`kdj smf lms djtêlmnms. Hf Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj Tur y Dmlkij smf lms ÿfkdms djtêlmnms hf hl Ujdé`kdm Ihxkdjfm pmr hftkgjghs `hghrjtkvjs (Gh lj Druz―Jnührm, :;;> y Hspkfm―Cjrr ht jl .,., 3557c). Hf hl djsm ghl Hstjgm gh Dmlkij hl djtêlmnm sh hf`mdj j hsphdkhs gh phdhs dmihrdkjlhs quh smf smlm uf dmipmfhfth gh lj `jufj kdtkmlônkdj hxdluyhfgm jquhlljs quh fm tkhfhf vjlmr phsquhrm. Hl prhshfth djtêlmnm quh ghsdrkch 1; hsphdkhs gh lms jrrhdk`hs rmdmsms gh lj dmstj ghl :51
Hstjgm gh Dmlkij, rhprhshftj uf kipmrtjfth jpmrth jl dmfmdkikhftm gh lms rhdursms fjturjlhs ghl lktmrjl quh puhgh shr utklkzjgm pjrj `kfhs gh dmfshrvjdkôf y turéstkdm. Tk ckhf puhgh shr quh fm kfdmrpmrh tmgjs ljs hsphdkhs prhshfths hf hl lktmrjl rmdmsm dmrjlkfm sk hstêf ljs iês `rhduhfths quh smf 10 hsphdkhs. Dmipjrjfgm hl fÿihrm gh hsphdkhs prhshfths dmf mtrjs ljtktughs ghl Ujdk`kdm Ihxkdjfm suphrj ljs hfdmftrjgjs hf vjrkms sktkms. (Wjclj KP). Wjclj KP. Fÿihrm gh hsphdkhs gh phdhs gh aêcktjts rmdmsms y dmrjlkfms hfdmftrjgjs hf gk`hrhfths sktkms ghl Ujdé`kdm Ihxkdjfm. Lmdjlkgjg Hsphdkhs Sh`hrhfdkj Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj
3>:
Wamipsmf ht jl., (:;>;)
Turhsth ghl Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj
10
Wruokllm―Ikllêf ht jl., (3550)
Ujrquh Jrrhdk`jl gh Djcm Uulim, CDT
340
Pklljrrhjl―Djvjzms ht jl ..,, (3555)
Ujrquh Fjdkmfjl gh Aujtuldm, Mjxjdj
8:
Cjrrkhftms―Pklljlmcms ht jl ..,, (3555)
Cjaéj gh Whfjdjtktj, Ojlksdm
7;
Uërhz y Tjudhgm (3555)
Cjaéj Cjfghrjs, Ojlksdm
>1
Tmlés―Nkl (:;;0)
Kslj Dhrrjlvm, Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj Tur
1;
Okiëfhz―Nutkërrhz (:;;;)
Cjaéj gh Jdjpuldm, Nrm.
::7
Ujljdkms―Tjlnjgm (3558)
Cjaéj gh Tjftkjnm, Dmlkij
7>
Daêvhz y _jimrj (3550)
Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs
1;
Hsth djtêlmnm
Ajdkhfgm ufj dmipjrjdkôf pmrdhftujl dmf mtrms sktkms ghl Ujdé`kdm Ihxkdjfm hl prhshfth
djtêlmnm kfdmrpmrj hftrh hl 85 jl >8% hl tmtjl gh ljs hsphdkhs hfdmftrjgjs hf mtrms sktkms (Wjclj P). Wjclj P. Fÿihrm gh hsphdkhs gh phdhs (F tmtjl) rhnkstrjgjs hf aêcktjts rmdmsms y dmrjlkfms hf gk`hrhfths sktkms ghl Ujdé`kdm Ihxkdjfm dmf kfgkdjdkôf ghl fÿihrm gh hsphdkhs hf dmiÿf dmf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs (F dmiÿf) y hl pmrdhftjoh (%) quh hs rhprhshftjgm pmr hstjs hsphdkhs hf lj hstrudturj gh phdhs lmdjl. Tktkm Kslj Dhrrjlvm CDT. Kslmths gh Cjaéj gh Lj Ujz CDT Djcm Uulim CDT Jdjpuldm, Nuhrrhrm Aujtuldm, Mjxjdj
F tmtjl 1; 15
F dmiÿf 08 05
% >4.5% >8.5%
Sh`hrhfdkj Okiëfhz y Hlmrguy, :;;; Jrrhmlj―Smclhs, :;;1
03 ::7 04
7: 04 71
00.:% 88.3% >0.3%
Êlvjrhz―@klkp, ht jl ..,, 3550 Ujljdkms―Tjlnjgm, 3558. Cjrrjfdm―Thrvkf, 3557
:5;
Lj utklkgjg prêdtkdj gh hsth djtêlmnm, puhgh hstjr hf`mdjgj dmim pjrth gh lj hgudjdkôf jickhftjl quh rhqukhrh lj pmcljdkôf, smcrh hl dmfmdkikhftm gh lms rhdursms fjturjlhs dmf lj quh duhftj hl hstjgm gh Dmlkij jsé dmim hl `mihftm gh jdtkvkgjghs gh dmfshrvjdkôf gh hstms dmipmfhfths ckmlônkdms y sus hdmsksthijs quh lm smpmrtjf pjrj uf ijfhom susthftjclh fm hxtrjdtkvm dmim pmgréj shr hl hdmturksim. Lj kipmrtjfdkj gh lms hdmsksthijs rmdmsms y dmrjlkfms sh ghch j lj nrjf gkvhrskgjg gh hsphdkhs prhshfths y sus `ufdkmfhs m shrvkdkms jickhftjlhs quh hstms prmpmrdkmfjf. Hstms hdmsksthijs hstêf hf lj jdtujlkgjg prmthnkgms hf djsk tmgm hl iufgm. Hf hl djsm gh Ujdé`kdm Ihxkdjfm hxksthf pmdjs êrhjs fjturjlhs prmthnkgjs smcrhsjlkhfgm hl Jltm Nml`m gh Djlk`mrfkj, hl Jrdakpkëljnm Shvklljnknhgm y Djcm Uulim hf Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj Tur.
Lj Dmikskôf Fjdkmfjl pjrj hl Dmfmdkikhftm y Xsm gh lj Ckmgkvhrskgjg (DMFJCKM) smlm hstjclhdh dmim êrhj ijrkfj prkmrktjrkj lj zmfj gh Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs, kipmrtjfth pmr su hdmsksthij rmdmsm dmrjlkfm. Hs kipmrtjfth shújljr quh hl prhshfth djtêlmnm hs uf rh`lhom gh lj kipmrtjfdkj gh hstms hdmsksthijs y lj fhdhskgjg gh tmijr ihgkgjs lhnjlhs pjrj prmthnhrlm. Umr dmfsknukhfth hl êrhj gh Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs2 cjsêfgmfms hf su hxthfskôf y fÿihrm gh hsphdkhs hfdmftrjgjs ghch shr ghdljrjgj êrhj fjturjl prmthnkgj lm dujl rhprhshftjréj hf hs`uhrzm gh lms trhs fkvhlhs gh nmckhrfm ajdkj uf ghsjrrmllm susthftjclh. Ljs jdtkvkgjghs auijfjs prmgudtm ghl jdhlhrjgm ghsjrrmllm dmsthrm ghl lktmrjl gh Dmlkij
puhghf jdhlhrjr lms djickms jickhftjlhs. Hl drhdkikhftm urcjfm gh lj Dkugjg gh Ijfzjfkllm, lms prmyhdtms turéstkdms dmim ijrkfjs, lms prmyhdtms kfgustrkjlhs dmim rhnjsk`kdjgmrj, y ljs jiplkjdkmfhs pmrtujrkjs puhghf shr `jdtmrhs gh djickm lm dujl puhghf j`hdtjr hstms hdmsksthijs. Hf jlnufjs êrhjs, hl ghsjrrmllm urcjfm gh ljs dmstjs skf pljfk`kdjdkôf ghstruyh lms ijfnljrhs y lms jrrhdk`hs gh dmrjlhs. Lj dmfshrvjdkôf sknfk`kdj dukgjr gh fuhstrm jickhfth jl ijfhojr sjckjihfth sus rhdursms. Umghims lmnrjrlm kfthrjdtujfgm dmf hl jickhfth gh `mrij rhspmfsjclh. Dmfshrvjims dujfgm duiplkims dmf lms léikths gh phsdj, dujfgm rhdkdljims y dujfgm vmtjims pmr ljs lhyhs pjrj dmfshrvjr lms rhdursms. Jl dmfskghrjr usjr lms rhdursms ghl mdëjfm, tjickëf ghchims rhdmfmdhr quh smims pjrth ghl hdmsksthij. ::5
Whfhims lj rhspmfsjcklkgjg gh hstugkjr fuhstrm hdmsksthij y gh jprhfghr dmim `ufdkmfj dmf hl `kf gh quh shpjims dmim fuhstrjs kfthrjddkmfhs lm j`hdtjrêf. Ikhftrjs iês dmfmzdjims uf hdmsksthij, ihomr pmghims prhghdkr dmim fuhstrjs jddkmfhs pmgréjf j`hdtjrlm. Hsth dmfmdkikhftm hs kipmrtjfth dujfgm tmijims ghdkskmfhs smcrh dmim pmghims m fm usjr lms rhdursms ghl mdëjfm. ½Dôim pmghims pmghims jyugjr=
Lj nhfhrjdkôf gh kf`mrijdkôf y pmghrlj pmfhrlj jl jldjfdh gh ljs ijymréjs hs ufj `mrij gh dmftrkcukr jl ghsjrrmllm susthftjclh. Fm phrturcjfgm ljs êrhjs fjturjlhs nrjfghs y fm dmftjikfjfgm. Jl prmthnhr y rhstjurjr lj tkhrrj y hl jnuj quh fhdhsktjims pjrj smcrhvkvkr, prmthnhims tjftm j lms jfkijlhs dmim j ljs pljftjs hfgëikdms y iudams mtrms jfkijlhs
y pljftjs quh vkvhf hftrh hllms2 hf nhfhrjl, prmthnhims hl hdmsksthij. Umr mtrm ljgm hs kipmrtjfth rhdmfmdhr hl jvjfdh turéstkdm gh Dmlkij hf hsphdkjlihfth hf Ijfzjfkllm. Hl lktmrjl y sus hdmsksthijs sh vuhlvhf uf nrjf jtrjdtkvm turéstkdm. Hl tërikfm hdmturksim hiphzô j usjrsh ajdh jlrhghgmr gh vhkfth júms, phrm sôlm hf júms rhdkhfths hipkhzj j rhprhshftjr ufj mpdkôf vkjclh gh dmfshrvjdkôf ghl pjtrkimfkm fjturjl y dulturjl gh lms puhclms, `mihftjfgm jl iksim tkhipm lj fmdkôf gh ghsjrrmllm hdmfôikdm susthftjclh.
Dmfsksth hf vkjojr pmr êrhjs fjturjlhs skf phrturcjrljs, dmf hl `kf gh gks`rutjr, jprhdkjr y hstugkjr tjftm sus jtrjdtkvms fjturjlhs (pjksjohs, `lmrj y `jufj sklvhstrhs), dmim ljs ijfk`hstjdkmfhs dulturjlhs quh jllé puhgjf hfdmftrjrsh. Lms chfë`kdms ghl hdmturksim smf lj dmfshrvjdkôf gh rhdursms y êrhjs fjturjlhs hf tmgm hl iufgm, lj drhjdkôf gh êrhjs prmthnkgjs, m rhshrvjs, rhdmfmdkgjs kfthrfjdkmfjlihfth y hl ghsjrrmllm hdmfôikdm susthftjclh gh ljs pmcljdkmfhs kfvmludrjgjs. Lj `kfjlkgjg gh gks`rutjr y jprhdkjr sus jtrjdtkvms fjturjlhs m dulturjlhs, pmr ihgkm gh uf prmdhsm quh prmiuhvh lj dmfshrvjdkôf, tkhfh cjom kipjdtm jickhftjl y prmpkdkj lj pjrtkdkpjdkôf jdtkvj gh ljs pmcljdkmfhs lmdjlhs hf lms prmdhsms gh pljfk`kdjdkôf y hf lj gkstrkcudkôf gh sus chfh`kdkms.
:::
Hl hdmturksim fm sôlm tkhfh uf pjphl sknfk`kdjtkvm hf lj ludaj dmftrj lj pmcrhzj, tjl dmim aj skgm rhdmfmdkgm hf lj Duicrh ghl Ghsjrrmllm Tmsthfkclh, h`hdtujgj hf Omajffhscurnm, Tugê`rkdj. Jghiês, m`rhdh djrjdthréstkdjs kghjlhs pjrj hl ghsjrrmllm gh lj phquhúj y ihgkjfj hiprhsj y crkfgj ufj mpmrtufkgjg j ljs dmiufkgjghs rurjlhs uckdjgjs hf lunjrhs rhimtms, duym jddhsm j ljs kfvhrskmfhs m `mfgms pÿclkdms hs lkiktjgm, phrm quh duhftjf dmf uf pjksjoh kfmlvkgjclh, ufj kipmrtjfth gkvhrskgjg ckmlônkdj m ufj dulturj pjrtkduljr.
Th ghch prmimvhr ufj jghdujgj djpjdktjdkôf hf tmgm lm rhljtkvm j lj utklkzjdkôf gh lms ihdjfksims hdmfôikdms y `kfjfdkhrms quh phriktjf quh lms chfh`kdkms mcthfkgms pmr hl dmcrm gh kfnrhsms, dmfdhskmfhs, htd. shjf rhkfvhrtkgms hf ljs prmpkjs êrhjs. Hstj jdtkvkgjg ghch m ghchréj dmftjr dmf ufj pljfk`kdjdkôf jghdujgj quh kfdhftkvh lj dmfshrvjdkôf gh fuhstrms jtrjdtkvms, kipkgj hl jvjfdh gh kfkdkjtkvjs fhnjtkvjs `jdtkclhs gh ghsvjlmrkzjr su hftmrfm y prmiuhvj lj gkstrkcudkôf hquktjtkvj gh lms chfh`kdkms hdmfôikdms, smdkjlhs y dulturjlhs quh m`rhdh.
::3
DMFDLXTKMFHT
Lj `jufj kdtkmlônkdj kghftk`kdjgj hf hsth hstugkm hstj dmipuhstj pmr 1; hsphdkhs gh
•
phdhs phrthfhdkhfths j 47 `jiklkjs. Gh lms dujlhs sh duhftjf dmf 1; kiênhfhs `mtmnrê`kdjs j dmlmr gh lms phdhs kghftk`kdjgms.
Lms rhdursms fjturjlhs gh hsth djtêlmnm rhprhshfth uf kipmrtjfth jpmrth jl
•
dmfmdkikhftm gh lj `jufj ijrkfj ghl lktmrjl gh Dmlkij y lj kipmrtjfdkj gh tmijr ihgkjs gh dmfshrvjdkôf. Hf hsphdkjl hl gh prmimvhr lj drhjdkôf gh ufj êrhj fjturjl prmthnkgj hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs, Dmlkij, ghckgm j su hxthfskôf y fÿihrm gh hsphdkhs hfdmftrjgjs. Hl prhshfth djtêlmnm puhgh shr utklkzjgm dmf `kfhs gh hdmturksim pmr pjrth gh lj
•
kfgustrkj turéstkdj y pÿclkdm hf nhfhrjl smcrh tmgm hf jquhllms quh prjdtkdjf jdtkvkgjghs sucjduêtkdjs.
::4
LKWHSJWXSJ DKWJGJ Jllhf, N.S. jfg G.S. Smchrtsmf, :;;7. @ksahs m` tah trmpkdjl hjsthrf Ujdk`kd.. Xfkvhrskty m` Ajwjkk Urhss, Amfmlulu. 443 p. Jllhf, N. y G.S. Smchrtsmf, :;;1. Uhdhs ghl Ujdé`kdm Mrkhftjl Wrmpkdjl. DMFJCKM, 43> pp. Jllhf, N., Tthhfh, S., Auiijf, U.jfg Ghlmjda, F., 3554. Shh` @ksa Kghftk`kdjtkmf Wrmpkdjl Ujdk`kd. Ttjr Ttjfgjrg Kfgustrkhs Uth Ltg, Tkfnjpmrh, 78> p. Jfôfkim, :;>0. Djtêlmnm gh phdhs ijrkfms ihxkdjfms. Thdrhtjréj gh Kfgustrkj y Dmihrdkm. Tucshdrhtjréj gh Uhsdj, 703 pp. Iëxkdm. Jfôfkim, :;18. Wjcljs gh prhgkddkôf gh ijrhjs. Kfstktutm gh Nhm`éskdj, Xfkvhrskgjg Fjdkmfjl, Jutôfmij gh Iëxkdm. Jrrhmlj Smclhs, O.L., :;;1. Gkvhrskgjg gh phdhs gh jrrhdk`h hf lj Shnkôf gh lj Ujz, CDT, Iëxkdm. Whsks gh Ijhstréj hf Dkhfdkjs, Dhftrm Kfthrgksdkplkfjrkm gh Dkhfdkjs ghl Ijr, Kfstktutm Umlktëdfkdm Fjdkmfjl, 05. Êlvjrhz―@klkp, L., A. Shys―Cmfkllj jfg L. Djlghrmf Jnuklhrj, 3550. Dmiiufkty strudturh m` `ksahs kf Djcm Uulim rhh`, Nul` m` Djlk`mrfkj. Ijrkfh Hdmlmny 30? 384―303. Cjrrjfdm―Thrvkf, L. I., 3557. Pjrkjdkôf thipmrjl y hspjdkjl hf lj Kdtkm`jufj jsmdkjgj jl jrrhdk`h gh dmrjl, hf lj cjaéj gh Lj Hftrhnj, Aujtuldm, Mjxjdj. Whsks gh Lkdhfdkjturj. Xfkvhrskgjg ghl Ijr. Mjxjdj, Iëxkdm. 00 p. Cjrrkhftms―Pklljlmcms O., Lhyth―Imrjlhs H. y Ujlij―Sukz, J. 3555. Gkvhrskgjg y jcufgjfdkj gh lj kdtkm`jufj gh lms jrrhdk`hs dmrjlkfms ghl Ujrquh Fjdkmfjl Aujtuldm, Mjxjdj. K Dmfnrhsm Fjdkmfjl gh Jrrhdk`hs Dmrjlkfms, Phrjdruz, Iëxkdm.
Cjutkstj―Ljurhjfm, T., 3551. Hstrudturj gh lj dmiufkgjg gh phdhs gh jrrhdk`h rmdmsm dmrjlkfm hf Uuftj Djrrkzjlhs, Ijfzjfkllm, Dmlkij, Iëxkdm. Whsks Urm`hskmfjl gh Lkdhfdkjturj hf Mdhjfmlmnéj, Xfkvhrskgjg gh Dmlkij. Crknns, O.D., :;>7. Ijrkfh zmmnhmnrjpay. IdNrjw―Akll, Fhw [mrb, 7>8 pp. Djstrm―Jnukrrh, O.L., :;>1. Djtêlmnm sksthiêtkdm gh lms phdhs ijrkfms quh phfhtrjf j ljs jnujs dmftkfhftjlhs gh Iëxkdm dmf jsphdtms zmmnhmnrê`kdms y hdmlônkdms. Gkrhddkôf Nhfhrjl ghl Kfst. Fjd. Uhsdj, Thrkh Dkhfté`kdj Fm :;, 3;1 p. Daêvhz―Dmipjrêf, O.D., :;13. Shpmrth prhlkikfjr smcrh lms phdhs prhshfths hf ljs Cjaéj gh Tjftkjnm djpturjgms hf ijrzm. Shpmrth Wëdfkdm Kfstktutm Mdhjfmnrê`kdm gh Ijfzjfkllm, Thdrhtjréj gh Ijrkfj, Iëxkdm.
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Daêvhz―Dmipjrjf, O. D., :;1;. Djtjlmnm gh Uhdhs Ijrkfms gh lj dmstj ghl Hstjgm gh Dmlkij, Iëxkdm. Shpmrth Urhlkikfjr. Kfstktutm Mdhjfmnrê`kdm gh Ijfzjfkllm. Thdrhtjréj gh Ijrkfj. Daêvhz―Dmipjrjf, O.D., :;;8. Hvjlujdkôf gh lms rhdursms fjturjlhs dmsthrms gh lms hstjgms gh Ojlksdm y Dmlkij. Wmim KK Hstjgm gh Dmlkij. Thdrhtjréj gh Ijrkfj, Gkrhddkôf Nhfhrjl gh Mdhjfmnrj`éj, Kfstktutm Mdhjfmnrê`kdm ghl Ujdé`kdm. Shpmrth GNMF―53―54. Daêvhz Dmipjrjf, O.D., 3553. Ghsdrkpdkôf gh lj `jufj kdtkmlônkdj ghl aêcktjt rmdmsm ghl lktmrjl ghl hstjgm gh Dmlkij. Shp. Wëdfkdm ghl @kghdmiksm Gr. Sjimf jlvjrhz Cuyllj, 17 pp. Daêvhz―Dmipjrjf, O.D. jfg S. Ijdéjs―_jimrj, 3550. Ttrudturh m` rhh` `ksa dmiiufktkhs kf tah lkttmrjl m` Dmlkij, Iëxkdm. Omurfjl m` Ckmlmnkdjl Tdkhfdhs, Pml. 0 Fm. :? 08―>8. Dlhihfth Sjiérhz, S., :;;:. Jfêlksks gh lj dmrrkhfth sucsuphr`kdkjl gh ijrhj hf gms puftms `koms gh lj Cjaéj gh Ijfzjfkllm, Dmlkij. Whsks Urm`hskmfjl, @jdultjg gh Dkhfdkjs Ijrkfjs, Xfkvhrskgjg gh Dmlkij. Druz Mrtkz―Nuhrrj, O A., :;1;. Jfêlksks smcrh lj susdhptkcklkgjg gh `hfôihfms fjturjlhs hf lj zmfj dmsthrj ghl Hstjgm gh Dmlkij. Whsks Urm`hskmfjl, @jdultjg gh Dkhfdkjs Ijrkfjs, Xfkvhrskgjg gh Dmlkij, :53 pp. Druz―Smihrm, I., Hspkfm―Cjrr, H. y J. Njrdéj―Cmj, :;1;. Lkstj gh phdhs ghl lktmrjl dmlkihfsh. Thrkh gh Gmduihftms gh Wrjcjom, THUHTDJ―KFU, Iëxkdm, Júm :? ;, 3: pp. Druz―Smihrm, I., Hspkfm―Cjrr, H. y J. Njrdéj―Cmj, :;;3. Hvjlujdkôf pmthfdkjl gh lj phsdj rkchrhúj ghl Hstjgm gh Dmlkij. Thrkh gh Gmduihftms gh Wrjcjom, THUHTDJ―KFU, Iëxkdm, :8 pp.
Gh lj Druz Jnuhrm, O., :;;>. Djtêlmnm gh phdhs ijrkfms gh Cjoj Djlk`mrfkj Tur. KUF DKDIJS, 470 pp. Hsdaihyhr, ^.F., H.T. Ahrjlg jfg A. Ajiijff, :;14. J `khlg nukgh tm Ujdk`kd dmjst `ksahs m` Fmrta Jihrkdj. Amunatmf Ik``lkf Dmipjfy, Cmstmf, X.T.J. 440 p. Hsdmcmsj―Nmfzêlhz, L. H., Dupul―Ijnjúj, J., Ihgkfj―Smsjs, U., Shyhs―Cmfkllj, A., y L. Djlghrôf―Jnuklhrj, 3558. Hstrudturj dmiufktjrkj ghl jrrhdk`h dmrjlkfm (Jftamzmj? Tdlhrjdtkfkj) hf Djrrkzjlhs, Dmlkij. QKP Dmfnrhsm Fjdkmfjl gh Mdhjfmnrj`éj, ghl :8 jl :; ijym, Ijfzjfkllm, Dmlkij, Iëxkdm. Hsdmcmsj―Nmfzêlhz, L. H., Dupul―Ijnjúj, J., Shyhs―Cmfkllj, A., Ihgkfj―Smsjs, U. y L. Djlghrôf―Jnuklhrj, 355>. Hstrudturj dmiufktjrkj gh hsdlhrjdtkfkms hf hl jrrhdk`h dmrjlkfm gh Djrrkzjlhs, Dmlkij. KP Dmfnrhsm Ihxkdjfm gh Jrrhdk`hs gh Dmrjl, ghl 37 jl 30 mdtucrh, Lj Ujz CDT, Iëxkdm.
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Hspkfm―Cjrr, H., Druz―Smihrm, I., y J. Njrdéj―Cmj, :;;1. Djtêlmnm gh phdhs ijrkfms dmf vjlmr dmihrdkjl djpturjgms hf lj dmstj gh Dmlkij, Iëxkdm. Thrkh gh Gmduihftms gh Wrjcjom, THUHTDJ―KFU, Iëxkdm, 88 pp. Hspkfm―Cjrr H, Druz―Smihrm I. y J. Njrdéj―Cmj, 3557j. Uhdhs ijrkfms dmf vjlmr dmihrdkjl gh lj dmstj gh Dmlkij, Iëxkdm. Dmikskôf Fjdkmfjl pjrj hl Dmfmdkikhftm y Xsm gh lj Ckmgkvhrskgjg― Kfstktutm Fjdkmfjl gh Uhsdj y Dhftrm Shnkmfjl gh Kfvhstknjdkôf Uhsquhrj gh Ijfzjfkllm, TJNJSUJ, Iëxkdm. :50 pp. Hspkfm―Cjrr H, Druz―Smihrm I. y J. Njrdéj―Cmj, 3557c. Uhdhs ijrkfms dmf vjlmr dmihrdkjl gh lj dmstj gh Ojlksdm, Iëxkdm. Kfstktutm Fjdkmfjl gh Uhsdj y Dhftrm Shnkmfjl gh Kfvhstknjdkôf Uhsquhrj gh Ijfzjfkllm, TJNJSUJ, Iëxkdm. :78 pp. @JM, :;;8. Nuéj @JM pjrj lj Kghftk`kdjdkôf gh Hsphdkhs pjrj lms `kfhs gh lj Uhsdj, Ujdé`kdm Dhftrm―Mrkhftjl Pmluihf K―KKK. Mrnjfkzjdkôf gh ljs Fjdkmfhs Xfkgjs pjrj lj Jnrkdulturj y lj Jlkihftjdkôf, Smij. Pml. K, 070 p., Pml. KK, :355 p. y Pml. KKK, :1:4. @rmhsh, S. jfg G. Ujuly. Hgktmrs. 3551. @ksaCjsh. ^mrlg ^kgh ^hc hlhdtrmfkd puclkdjtkmf. www.`ksacjsh.mrn, vhrskmf (50/3551). Njlkdkj―Uërhz, I., :;1>. Imghljdkôf akgrmgkfêikdj fuiërkdj gh ljs Cjaéjs gh Ijfzjfkllm y Tjftkjnm. Whsks gh Ijhstréj hf Dkhfdkjs, KIDyL, XFJI. Nmfzêlhz―Dajvjrkf, K., :;11. Gkfêikdj gh lj léfhj gh dmstj hf cjsh j djickms jfujlhs ghl phr`kl gh pljyj hf ljs Cjaéjs gh Ijfzjfkllm y Tjftkjnm, Dmlkij. Whsks Urm`hskmfjl, @jdultjg gh Dkhfdkjs Ijrkfjs, Xfkvhrskgjg gh Dmlkij. Nmmgsmf, N., :;11. @ksahs m` Ujdk`kd dmjst. Ttjf`mrg Xfkvhrskty Urhss. Ttjf`mrg, Dj., 30> p. Nmtsajll, G.^., :;;1. Ujdk`kd dmjst kfsamrh `ksahs. Thj Dajllhfnhr, Imfthrrhy Cjy, Dj., ;0 p.
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