TECHNICAL REPORT No. III - 1/00
Catalog of Solar Heliostats
June, 2000
IEA-Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems Task III: Solar Technology and Applications
SolarPACES, Operating Agent TASK III Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Solare Energietechnik (DLR, EN-SE) D-51170 Köln Telephone: (0)2203-601-2479 Telefax: (0)2203-66 900 E-mail:
[email protected]
Catalog of Solar Heliostats
Editor
:
Thomas R. Mancini
Sandia National Labotatories Solar Thermal Technology Albuquerque, N.M 87185, USA
i
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ii
FOREWORD This document was prepared as part of the International Energy Agency’s Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems (IEA SolarPACES) Task III: Solar Technology Applications. The principal participants in assembling this material were: Peter Heller, Scott Jones, Manuel Romero, and Tom Mancini. There were only two requirements for having a heliostat included in the catalog: 1) it must be available for purchase today; and 2) the detailed information must be provided by the manufacturer of the heliostat. The information presented in this catalog was prepared by the manufacturers of the heliostats and has not been edited or changed in any way. Many of these heliostats have been tested at Solar PACES’ member test facilities and test reports on their performance may be available on request. This document is for informational purposes only. The presence of a heliostat design in this catalog is not to be construed as an endorsement of the design or a validation of the reported performance by SolarPACES or any of the member countries.
December 23, 1999
Editor
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iii
Table of Contents Section of the Report
Page No.
Foreword ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ii
Table of Contents ---------------------------------------------------------------------
iii
List of Figures ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
iv
Instructions for Completing the Form -------------------------------------------
v
What are heliostats? ------------------------------------------------------------------
1
What are the component parts of a heliostat? -------------------------------
2
What is the cost of a heliostat? ---------------------------------------------------
3
Guidance to readers of this catalog.---------------------------------------------
3
Colon 70 Heliostat ---------------------------------------------------------------------
4
SAIC Multi-Facet Stretched Membrane Heliostat --------------------------
6
PSI 120 Heliostat ----------------------------------------------------------------------
8
Sanlucar 90 Heliostat ---------------------------------------------------------------- 10 Hellas 01 Heliostat -------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 ATS H100 Heliostat ------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 ATS H150 Heliostat ------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 ATM 150 Heliostat ----------------------------------------------------------------
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17
iv
List of Figures Fig. 1
Solar Power Tower ---------------------------------------------------
1
Fig. 2
Parts of a heliostat ---------------------------------------------------
2
Fig. 3
Front View of the Colon 70 Heliostat ---------------------------
5
Fig. 4
Back View of the Colon 70 Heliostat ---------------------------
5
Fig. 5
SAIC Faceted Stretched-Membrane Heliostat --------------
7
Fig. 6
Front View of the PSI 120 Heliostat ----------------------------
9
Fig. 7
Back View of the PSI 120 Heliostat ----------------------------
9
Fig. 8
Finite Element Model of the Sanlucar Heliostat ------------ 11
Fig. 9
Front View of the Hellas 01 Heliostat -------------------------- 13
Fig. 10
Back View of the Hellas 01 Heliostat -------------------------- 13
Fig. 11
The ATS H150 Heliostat ------------------------------------------- 16
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v
The following instructions were prepared by the Task III Working Group and distributed to the heliostat manufacturers. Instructions for completing the form Line 1. Lines 2 -- 7.
Line 8. Line 9. Line 10. Line 11. Line 12. Line 13. Line 14. Line 15. Lines 16 - 17. Line 18. Line 19.
Line 20. Line 21. Line 22. Line 23. Line 24. Lines 25 - 29. Line 30. Line 31. Line 32. Line 33 - 38. 39. 40.
Provide the name and model number of the heliostat. If you have more than one model, please complete a separate form for each model. List the heliostat manufacturer and contact information for the responsible person. Please provide name, address, telephone and FAX numbers, email addresses and any other information that you feel is appropriate. This section is for the physical data describing the heliostat. How many heliostats of this model have been built? How many are operating in the field today? What is the date of this design? What is the area of the heliostat? What are its critical dimensions – i.e., length, width, height, etc. How many facets are on the heliostat and what are their sizes? Please describe the construction of the facets. How are they made? What are the materials What is the size of glass lights used on the heliostat? What is its thickness and who is the glass manufacturer? If glass is not the reflective surface, please describe the reflective surface. What is the measured reflectivity of the glass (or other reflective surface)? What instrument was used to measure the reflectivity? Please describe the azimuth and elevation drives. What kind of drives are they? i.e., worm, etc. Who makes the gear drives? What are the respective gear reduction ratios on the azimuth drive? On the elevation drive? Please describe your heliostat controller and control system. What hardware is used in these systems? What functional control does the software provide? What information is passed back and forth between the master controller and the local controller? Who owns the software? What type of support is provided for your heliostat and drives? Please describe the type of support and its dimensions. What is the total weight of the heliostat excluding the foundation? Other Information – please provide any additional information that you feel is necessary to describe your heliostat. In this section, we are asking you to document any test results for the heliostat. If test reports are available, please provide a complete reference in this section. Where were tests performed and by whom? Please provide detailed descriptions of the tests and the test results. What is the total heliostat error as characterized by the 1 σ value of the slope error distribution? This section addresses the cost of the heliostat. This does not include shipping cost but should include consideration for installation. What fraction of the total heliostat cost can be attributed to the facets? To the facet supports? To the elevation drive? To the azimuth drive? To the pedestal? To the controller? To installation? This question addresses the cost of the heliostat based on the annual production. Please use production levels for which you have mad detailed calculations. Please provide an electronic photograph of your heliostat, if possible in color. Can you identify and briefly describe the top 3 design or technical issues that need addressed in order to reduce the cost of your heliostat below the values shown above? We all recognize that a large order will result in reduced costs, but please focus your answers to this question on processes, materials, or component costs.
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vi
‘
Heliostats WHAT ARE HELIOSTATS? Heliostats provide the fuel for a power tower (sometimes referred to as a central receiver) power plant. Heliostats are named helio for sun and stat for the fact that the reflected solar image is maintained at a fixed position over the course of the day. They are nearly flat mirrors (some curvature is required to focus the sun’s image) that collect and concentrate the solar energy on a tower-mounted receiver located 100 to 1000 meters distant. Figure 1 is a photograph of the power tower at Solar Two in Barstow, CA.
Figure 1. The Solar Power Tower at Barstow, CA To maintain the sun’s image on the solar receiver, heliostats must at all times track a point in the sky that is midway between the sun and the receiver. The solar energy is collected at the receiver and delivered to a storage system or used directly to generate steam and power a conventional turbine generator. In Figure 1, the receiver is the small cylinder at the top of the tower. On top of the receiver is a crane used for its installation and maintenance. The bright white areas immediately above and below the receiver are the insulated headers, and the large trapezoidal areas below the receiver are targets that are used to align the glass facets of the heliostats. The light areas in the sky on either side of the receiver are the stand-by positions where heliostats are focused before tracking onto the receiver. The structures on the ground around the tower are the heliostats. Studies have shown that a 100 MW power tower would require nearly one million square meters of glass heliostats, corresponding to approximately 10,000, 100-m2 heliostats. The heliostats represent 40% to 50% of the cost of a power tower, so they -- v i --
2
must be relatively low cost in order for cost of power from the plant to compete with that of fossil fuels. WHAT ARE THE COMPONENT PARTS OF A HELIOSTAT? The major components of a heliostat are shown in Figure 2 and described briefly below. These components are the mirror assemblies (typically glass and metal), the support structure, the pedestal and foundation, the tracking control system, and the drives. The mirror surfaces of state-of-the-art heliostats are made with thin silvered glass, which may or may not have a low iron content for enhanced reflection. Aluminum and silver polymer films have been under development for solar applications for some time, but these materials have not yet demonstrated the ability to survive the 20 to 25 years required for power plant applications. In order to provide the proper contour for the optical surface and for attachment to the support structure, the glass may be bonded or otherwise attached to a metal, honeycomb or slumped-glass substrate that has been “shaped” to the proper curvature.
Back Support Structure
Torque Tube
Drive
Pedestal
The optical element support structure positions the mirrors accurately and carries the weight of the structure and wind loads through the drives to ground. For a heliostat, it is important that the mirror facets be located relative to one another so that each of their images is focused on the receiver at the top of the tower. The major issues that the heliostat designer must confront are the two requirements, e.g. maintaining mirror alignment and providing structural strength to carry wind loads through the structure to ground. By far the most common type of ground support for solar concentrators is the pouredin-place tubular pedestal. This is not the only type of tracking structure that has been used for heliostats, however. Alidade-type structures with pintel bearings and polar tracking structures have also been used (refer to the ASM 150 m2 heliostat design. Tracking controls are the electronics and control algorithms that are used to provide the signals to the drive motors for maintaining the position of the concentrator relative to the sun. Heliostats must always track a point in the sky that is located midway between the receiver and the sun in order to reflect their images onto the receiver. The concentrator drive causes the heliostat to track across the sky in two axes, azimuth and elevation, to maintain the sun’s image at a predetermined location on the tower. The drive not only provide the tracking but it also must carry the weight of the concentrator and any wind loads to ground through the pedestal and foundation.
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3
What is the cost of a heliostat? Power towers must have low capital and operations and maintenance costs in order to compete with the relatively low cost electrical power produced from the combustion of fossil fuels. The heliostats currently represent 40 – 50% of the capital cost of a central receiver power plant.. The relative fraction of the total cost of a heliostat of its major components is shown in Table 1. below. Table 1. Concentrator Costs Component Az and El Drives Mirror Assemblies Structural Support Assembly and Install Pedestal and Foundation Controls
% of Cost 30 - 35 % 25 - 30% 15 - 20% 10 - 15% 10 - 15% 5 - 10%
In mass production, the cost of a 100 m2 heliostat or dish is projected to be from $12,000 to $15,000.
Guidance to readers of this catalog. The heliostat designs presented in this document are at various stages of development. Most of them are prototypes and, as such, have been tested but have not been deployed and operated for long periods of time. Also, designs and costs change quickly, so if you are interested in the most up to date information, we strongly recommend that you contact the manufacturers.
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4
Colon 70 Heliostat 1.
Name/Model Number of the Heliostat
2.
Manufacturer
3. 4.
Colon 70
Inabensa, Instalaciones Abengoa, S.A.
Contact Address
Rafael Osuna Gonzalez-Aguilar C/ Manuel Velasco Pando 7
5.
41007 Sevilla
6.
SPAIN 34 954 93 60 00
FAX
34 954 93 60 15
Email
[email protected]
7.
Telephone
8.
Physical Data
9.
Number heliostats built
1
10.
Date of current design
1997
11.
Area (h, w) in meters
H7.82m x W9.04m
12.
Facet (size, number)
Facets = H1.1m x W3m = 3.3 m2 Nº Facets = H7 x W3 =21 Reflective Surface = 21 x 3.3 m2= 69.3 m2
13.
Facet Construction
Mirror fixed to steel frame with steel nails on a facets jig table
14.
Glass (size of lights)
H1.1m x W3m x 4mm
15.
Reflectivity
0.93 / 0.92 measured with a bidirectional reflectometer
16.
Azimuth drive
Winsmith, worm-gear
17.
Elevation drive
Winsmith, worm-gear
18. 19.
Drive ratios (AZ/EL) Controller Type
Az 1:18000 & El 1:18000 CIEMAT hardware/software & master/local controllers
20.
Pedestal Type
Steel tube 0.5 m ∅
21.
Weight (w/o fndat) kg
4000 kg without foundations
22. 23.
Other Information Performance
24.
Where were tests done?
Wind Tunnel. Test Facility Installation at Plataforma Solar de Almeria
25.
Types of tests?
Mechanical & Optical
Pilkington / Cristaleria Española
26.
Descriptions
Simulations in Wind Tunnel. Real performance at Test Facility during two years
27. 28.
Wind perform Elev/Az perform
Ok Ok
Other test results
Ok
29. 30.
Heliost slope error (mr)
31.
Heliostat costs
32.
Cost by component (facets, facets suppts., elev. Drive, azimuth drive, pedestal, control, etc.) in %
33.
Heliostat costs (build)
34. 35.
i.e
36.
Mirror Frame Structure Drives Pedestal Control system
1/yr 100/yr
380 $/m2 220 $/m2
1000/yr
130 $/m2
37.
/yr
38.
/yr
39. 40.
2.8 mrad (beam) 1.4 mrad (normal)
Photograph of heliostat Critical Cost Issues
5% 10% 25% 50% 5% 5%
Please provide an electronic photograph of your heliostat.
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5
Figure 3. Front View of the Colon 70 Heliostat on test at the PSA in Almeria, Spain
Figure 4. Back structure of the Colon 70 heliostat with image shown on tower.
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6
SAIC Multi-Facet Stretched Membrane Heliostat 1.
Name/Model Number of the Heliostat
2.
Manufacturer
Multi-Facet Stretched Membrane Heliostat
SAIC Energy Products Division
3.
Contact
Barry Butler
4.
Address
SAIC
5.
9455 Towne Centre Dr.
6.
San Diego, CA 92121
7.
Telephone
8.
Physical Data
(858)826-6004
FAX
(858)826-6335
Email
[email protected]
9.
Number heliostats built
4
10.
Date of current design
September 1998
11.
Area (h, w) in meters
19.3m wide x 13.0m high; Reflective area: 170.72 sq.m
12.
Facet (size, number)
22 round mirror facets, each 3.2 m in diameter
13.
Facet Construction
Stretched membrane: stainless steel rings with welded s.s. membranes; mirrors adhesively applied to membranes
14.
Glass (size of lights)
Standard is 3/32” float glass, back-silvered; largest tile ~1.2mx1.5m; Optionally, (about $4000 additional cost) 1 mm low-iron glass with 95.3% reflectance
15.
Reflectivity
89.6% new
16.
Azimuth drive
Flenders (worm drive with spur gear reduction)
17.
Elevation drive
Flenders (worm drive with spur gear reduction)
18.
Drive ratios (AZ/EL)
18615:1 in drive, 5.5:1 input motor speed reducer; overall: 102382.5:1
19.
Controller Type
Microprocessor controller, RS-485 network, on/off AC motor control
20.
Pedestal Type
Flanged 30” diameter steel pipe attached at foundation with bolts; heliostat structure consists of a horizontal torque tube with vertical trusses to which facets are attached at 3 points each.
21.
Weight (w/o fndat) kg
10,000 kg (22,000 lb)
22.
Other Information
Mirrors may be focused for short focal-length applications; Structure can be partially populated with facets to create a smaller system (e.g., 14 facets or 18 facets, instead of 22).
23.
Performance
24.
Where were tests done?
NREL and Sandia National Labs
25.
Types of tests?
Tracking, Optics, Wind Effects, Reliability
26.
Descriptions
Beam Characterization System tests over multiple days; Evaluation of tracking errors vs. time; Evaluation of tracking errors due to wind
27.
Wind perform
Operate up to 15 mph; survive 90 mph in stow, 50 mph gust while tracking
28.
Elev/Az perform
0.03-0.04 degree std. Deviation from desired tracking point over time
29.
Other test results
Achieved over 2100 hours of automated operation on two systems with overall availability >90%; Demonstrated operation of two networked systems with ~1000 m communication distance to central computer; test results in NREL/SR-550-25837 and
30.
Heliost slope error (mr)
31.
Heliostat costs
32.
Cost by component (facets, facets suppts., elev. Drive, azimuth drive, pedestal, control, etc.) in %
33.
1.5 One unit: Facets 41%, Supports 40%, Drive System 11%, Pedestal 5.7%, Controls 2.3%
2000 Units/year: Facets 26%, Supports 46%, Drive System 20%, Pedestal 6.6%, Controls 1.4%
Heliostat costs (build)
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7 34.
i.e
1/yr
35.
100/yr
36.
2000/yr
37.
/yr
38.
/yr
39.
Photograph of heliostat
40.
Critical Cost Issues
$137,000 total -- $100,000 Materials + $27,000 Installation + $10,000 engineering (1998 US$) $28,500 total -- $21,500 Materials + $4,950 Installation + $915 OH/indirect/capital cost amortization (1998 US$)
Drive systems are expensive and not easily available
Figure 5. SAIC Heliostat on test at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, CO, USA.
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8
PSI 120 Heliostat 1. 2.
Name/Model Number of the Heliostat PSI 120 Manufacturer Inabensa, Instalaciones Abengoa, S.A.
3.
Contact
Rafael Osuna Gonzalez-Aguilar
4.
Address
C/ Manuel Velasco Pando 7
5.
41007 Sevilla
6.
SPAIN
7.
Telephone
8.
Physical Data
+34 954 93 60 00
FAX
+34 954 93 60 15
Email
[email protected]
9. 10.
Number heliostats built Date of current design
1 1996
11.
Area (h, w) in meters
H10.06m x W12.08m
12.
Facet (size, number)
Facets = H1.1m x W3m = 3.3 m2 Nº Facets = (H9 x W4) +1 =37 Reflective Surface = 37 x 3.3 m2= 122.1 m2
13. 14.
Facet Construction Glass (size of lights)
Mirror fixed to steel frame with steel nails on a facets jig table H1.1m x W3m x 4mm Pilkington / Cristalería Española
15.
Reflectivity
0.93 / 0.92 measured with a reflectometer
16.
Azimuth drive
Pujol Muntalá, worm-gear
17.
Elevation drive
Pujol Muntalá, worm-gear
18. 19.
Drive ratios (AZ/EL) Controller Type
Az 1:36000 & El 1:36000 Paul Scherrer Institut hardware/software & master/local controllers
20.
Pedestal Type
Steel tube 0.6 m ∅
21.
Weight (w/o fndat) kg
6500 kg without foundation
22. 23.
Other Information Performance
24.
Where were tests done?
Wind Tunnel & Test Facility installation
25.
Types of tests?
Mechanical & Optical
26.
Descriptions
Simulations in Wind Tunnel. Real performance at PSITest Facility during two years
27. 28.
Wind perform Elev/Az perform
Ok Ok
Other test results
Ok
29. 30.
Heliost slope error (mr)
31.
Heliostat costs
32.
Cost by component (facets, facets suppts., elev. Drive, azimuth drive, pedestal, control, etc.) in %
33.
Heliostat costs (build)
34.
i.e
3.0 mrad beam (flat facets) Mirror Frame Structure Drives Pedestal Control system
1/yr
475 $/m2
35.
100/yr
230 $/m2
36.
1000/yr
150 $/m2
37.
/yr
38.
/yr
39. 40.
Photograph of heliostat Critical Cost Issues
5% 10% 25% 50% 5% 5%
Please provide an electronic photograph of your heliostat.
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9
Figure 6. Front view of the PSI 120 heliostat.
Figure 7. Back view of the PSI 120 heliostat.
-- 9 --
10
Sanlucar 90 Heliostat 1. 2.
Name/Model Number of the Heliostat Sanlucar 90 Manufacturer Inabensa, Instalaciones Abengoa, S.A.
3.
Contact
Rafael Osuna Gonzalez-Aguilar
4.
Address
C/ Manuel Velasco Pando 7
5.
41007 Sevilla
6.
SPAIN
7.
Telephone
8.
Physical Data
+34 954 93 60 00
FAX
+34 954 93 60 15
Email
[email protected]
9. 10.
Number heliostats built Date of current design
Prototype in Construction (Expected by October 1999) 1999
11.
Area (h, w) in meters
H9.57m x W9.67m
12.
Facet (size, number)
Facets = H1.35m x W3.21m = 4.33 m2 Nº Facets = H7 x W3 =21 Reflective Surface = 21 x 4.33 m2= 91.0 m2
13. 14.
Facet Construction Glass (size of lights)
Mirror fixed to steel frame with steel nails on a facets jig table H1.35m x W3.21m x 3mm Cristaleria Española
15.
Reflectivity
0.92 measured with a reflectometer
16.
Azimuth drive
Winsmith, worm-gear / hydraulic
17.
Elevation drive
Winsmith, worm-gear / hydraulic
18. 19.
Drive ratios (AZ/EL) Controller Type
Az 1:18000 & El 1:18000 CIEMAT hardware/software & master/local controllers
20.
Pedestal Type
Concrete 0.5 m ∅
21.
Weight (w/o fndat) kg
3500 kg without foundations
22. 23.
Other Information Performance
24.
Where were tests done?
Planned in Wind Tunnel & in Test Facility Installation
25.
Types of tests?
Mechanical & Optical
26.
Descriptions
27.
Wind perform
28.
Elev/Az perform
29.
Other test results
Simulations in Wind Tunnel. Real performance at Test Facility
30. 31.
Heliost slope error (mr) Heliostat costs
Expected lower than 2.8 mrad
32.
Cost by component (facets, facets suppts., elev. Drive, azimuth drive, pedestal, control, etc.) in %
Mirror Frame Structure Drives Pedestal Control system
33.
Heliostat costs (build)
34.
i.e
1/yr
360 $/m2
35.
100/yr
210 $/m2
36. 37.
1000/yr /yr
130 $/m2
38.
5% 10% 25% 50% 5% 5%
/yr
39.
Photograph of heliostat
40.
Critical Cost Issues
Please provide an electronic photograph of your heliostat.
-- 10 --
11
Figure 8. Support structure for the Sanlucar heliostat.
-- 11 --
12
HELLAS 01 Heliostat 1.
Name/Model Number of the Heliostat
2.
Manufacturer
HELLAS ø1
GHER S. A
3.
Contact
MR. PEDRO GRIMALDI
4.
Address
AV. DEL PUERTO 1-6-E
5.
1006 CADIZ
6.
SPAIN
7.
Telephone
8.
Physical Data
9.
Number heliostats built
TWO
10.
Date of current design
1999
11.
Area (h, w) in meters
3,2 X 6 m
12.
Facet (size, number)
3,2 X 2 (9,4 m²) ; 3
13.
Facet Construction
GLAS MIRROR OVER FRAME
14.
Glass (size of lights)
3,2 X 2 m
15.
Reflectivity
94 %
16.
Azimuth drive
LINEAR ACTUATOR
17.
Elevation drive
LINEAR ACTUATOR
18.
Drive ratios (AZ/EL)
N/A / N/A
19.
Controller Type
MICROPROCESSOR, SELF-SUFFICIENT
20.
Pedestal Type
CONCRETE PILLAR, INTEGRATED WITH FOUNDATION.
21.
Weight (w/o fndat) kg
790 Kg.
22. 23.
Other Information Performance
24.
Where were tests done?
PLATAFORMA SOLAR ALMERIA
25.
Types of tests?
OPTICAL, MECHANICAL, ENERGY CONSUMPTION.
+34-956-289311
FAX
+34-956-282202
Email
(19,2 m²)
26.
Descriptions
BEAM QUALITY AND TRACKING CHARACTERISATION.
27.
Wind perform
O.K
28.
Elev/Az perform
O.K
29.
Other test results
30.
Heliost slope error (mr)
31.
Heliostat costs
32.
Cost by component (facets, facets suppts., elev. Drive, azimuth drive, pedestal, control, etc.) in %
33.
Heliostat costs (build)
34.
i.e
We are presently working on the reduction & determination of final costs.
1/yr
35.
100/yr
36.
/yr
37.
/yr
38.
1.2 (normal)
/yr
39.
Photograph of heliostat
Please provide an electronic photograph of your heliostat.
40.
Critical Cost Issues
STRUCTURE.
-- 12 --
13
Figure 9. Front view of the HELLAS 01 heliostat.
Figure 10. Back view of the Hellas 01 heliostat.
-- 13 --
14
ATS H100 1.
Name/Model Number of the Heliostat
2.
Manufacturer
H100
Advanced Thermal Systems, Inc.
3.
Contact
David Gorman
4.
Address
5031 W. Red Rock Drive
5.
Larkspur, CO 80118
6. 7.
Telephone
8.
Physical Data
9.
Number heliostats built
2 Heliostats
10.
Date of current design
1983
11.
Area (h, w) in meters
95
12.
Facet (size, number)
4ft x 16ft, 16
13.
Facet Construction
Silvered glass second surface mirrors bonded to formed sheet metal back
14.
Glass (size of lights)
4ft x 4ft
15.
Reflectivity
0.94
16.
Azimuth drive
Two-stage worm
17.
Elevation drive
Two-stage worm
18.
Drive ratios (AZ/EL)
18,400/18,400
19.
Controller Type
Open-loop, by central computer with individual microprocessor packages
20.
Pedestal Type
24 inch diameter flanged pipe
21.
Weight (w/o fndat) kg
3500
22.
Other Information
23. 24.
Performance Where were tests done?
Taft, CA USA by Arco Solar Inc.
25.
Types of tests?
Structural loading (by Arco)
(303) 681-9480
FAX
(303) 681-2668
Email
[email protected]
756 Mirror Enhanced PV Trackers
Optional: Eccentric planetary Optional: Combination worm/ballscrew
Optional: 16,560/
26.
Descriptions
Structural: Using hydraulic cylinders to obtain az, el and cross-el loadings
27.
Wind perform
Tracking capability up to 27 mph, survivable up to 90 mph
28.
Elev/Az perform
Should be similar to H150
29.
Other test results
30.
Heliost slope error (mr)
Should be similar to H150
31. 32.
Heliostat costs Cost by component (facets, facets suppts., elev. Drive, azimuth drive, pedestal, control, etc.) in %
Mirror modules: 25% Gear-drive assy: 30% Support Structure: 15% Controls: 5% Other: 5% G&A & profit: 20%
33. 34.
Heliostat costs (build) 1,000/yr
35.
/yr
36. 37.
/yr /yr
$18,300 each
38.
/yr
39.
Photograph of heliostat
Please provide an electronic photograph of your heliostat.
40.
Critical Cost Issues
Gear drive assembly, glass
-- 14 --
15
ATS H150 1.
Name/Model Number of the Heliostat
2.
Manufacturer
H150
Advanced Thermal Systems, Inc.
3.
Contact
David Gorman
4.
Address
5031 W. Red Rock Drive
5.
Larkspur, CO 80118
6. 7.
Telephone
8.
Physical Data
9.
Number heliostats built
2 Heliostats
10.
Date of current design
1984
11.
Area (h, w) in meters
148
12.
Facet (size, number)
4ft x 20ft, 20
13.
Facet Construction
Silvered glass second surface mirrors bonded to formed sheet metal back
14.
Glass (size of lights)
4ft x 4ft
15.
Reflectivity
0.94
16.
Azimuth drive
Two-stage worm
17.
Elevation drive
Two-stage worm
Optional: Combination worm/ballscrew
18.
Drive ratios (AZ/EL)
18,400/18,400
Optional: 16,560/
19.
Controller Type
Open-loop, by central computer with individual microprocessor packages
20.
Pedestal Type
24 inch diameter flanged pipe
21.
Weight (w/o fndat) kg
5000
22.
Other Information
23.
Performance
24.
Where were tests done?
Taft, CA USA by Arco Solar Inc., and Albuqureque, NM USA by Sandia Labs
25.
Types of tests?
Structural loading (by Arco), Tracking & beam quality (by Sandia)
26.
FAX
(303) 681-9480
Descriptions
(303) 681-2668
Email
[email protected]
44 PV Trackers (No mirrors)
Optional: Eccentric planetary
Structural: Using hydraulic cylinders to obtain az, el and cross-el loadings
Tracking Performance: Using video BCS to obtain tracking error data Beam Quality: Using BCS to obtain beam flux distribution data 27.
Wind perform
Tracking capability up to 27 mph, survivable up to 90 mph
28.
Elev/Az perform
See Sandia Report SAND92-1381
29.
Other test results
See Sandia Report SAND92-1381
30.
Heliost slope error (mr)
31.
Heliostat costs
32.
Cost by component (facets, facets suppts., elev. Drive, azimuth drive, pedestal, control, etc.) in %
33.
Heliostat costs (build)
34.
i.e
See Sandia Report SAND92-1381 Mirror modules: 25% Gear-drive assy: 30% Support structure: 15% Controls: 5% Other: 5% G&A & profit.: 20%
1/yr
35.
/yr
36.
1,000 /yr
37.
/yr
38.
/yr
$22,900 each
39.
Photograph of heliostat
Please provide an electronic photograph of your heliostat.
40.
Critical Cost Issues
Gear drive assembly, glass
-- 15 --
16
Figure 11. Advanced Thermal Systems H150 heliostat on test at Sandia’s NSTTF. A photograph of the H100 was not available but it identical in construction to the H150, except smaller.
-- 16 --
17
AMS H150 1.
Name/Model Number of the Heliostat
2.
Manufacturer
ASM-150
Babcock Borsig Power Environment
3.
Contact
Mr. Manfred Schmitz-Goeb
4.
Address
D 51641 Gummersbach
5. 6.
Germany
7.
Telephone
8.
Physical Data
9.
Number heliostats built
1 built, 1 operated
10.
Date of current design
1995
11.
Area (h, w) in meters
Circular heliostat ( r≅7m, A=150m² )
12.
Facet (size, number)
Single element
13.
Facet Construction
Metal stretched membrane
14.
Glass (size of lights)
Thin glass mirror 0.9mm
15.
Reflectivity
0.94
16.
Azimuth drive
Electric driven turn table with absolute position encoder
17.
Elevation drive
Electric driven spoke wheel with absolute position encoder
18.
Drive ratios (AZ/EL)
(AZ) 270° / (EL) 180°
19.
Controller Type
Pulse-width modulated 4-quadrant servo controller using measured sun vector as input; resolution of 40000 increments/360° per axis
20.
Pedestal Type
Platform or concrete ring and central core
21.
Weight (w/o fndat) kg
