Cat Muscles - Origin, Insertion, Action

CAT MUSCULAR SYSTEM Origin, Insertion and Action Table

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall Origin External Oblique Internal oblique Transversus Rectus abdominis

Insertion

Action

lumbodorsal fascia and posterior ribs

extensive neurosis passing through the linea alba

constrictor of the abdomen

second sheet of the lumbodorsal fascia; border of the pelvic girdle

linea alba (through extensive aponeurosis)

compressor of the abdomen

anterior end of the pubic symphysis

sternum and costal cartilages

retracts ribs and sternum; compressor of the abdomen

Muscles of the Chest Origin

Insertion

Pectoantibrachialis

manubrium

flat tendon on the fascia of the forearm

Pectoralis major

sternum; median ventral raphe

humerus

Pectoralis minor

sternum

humerus

Xiphihumeralis

sternum

humerus

Action

draws arms towards the chest

Muscles of the Neck and Throat Origin

Insertion

Action

Sternomastoid

median raphe and manubrium

lambdoidal ridge into mastoid process

turn head; draw head to neck

Sternohyoid

sternum

basihyoid

draws hyoid posteriorly

Sternothyroid

sternum

thyroid cartilage of the larynx

pulls larynx posteriorly

Thyrohyoid

thyroid cartilage

posterior horn of the hyoid

raises the larynx

Cleidomastoid

* mastoid process of temporal

* clavicle

pulls clavicle craniad or turns head; draw head to neck

Clavobrachialis 1

clavicle; fibers of clavotrapezius

ulna

flexor of the arm

* Interchangeable 1 Clavobrachialis + Clavotrapezius = Cephalobrachial

Masseter

zygomatic arch

posterior half of lateral surface of mandible

elevator of lower jaw

Temporal

superior nuchal line to zygromatic process; part of the zygomatic arch

coronoid process of mandible

elevator of lower jaw

Digastric

jugular and mastoid process of skull

mandible

depressor of mandible

Mylohyoid

mandible

median raphe

raises floor of the mouth; brings hyoid forward

Geniohyoid

mandible near symphysis

body of the hyoid

draws hyoid forward

Muscles of the Back and Shoulder Origin

Insertion

Action

Latissimus dorsi

neural spine of last thoracic and most lumbars; lumbodorsal fascia

tendon on medial surface of humerus

pulls forelimb dorsally and caudally

Levator scapulae ventralis

transverse process of atlas and occipital bone

metacromion process and neighboring fascia

draws the scapula craniad

Clavotrapezius

superior nuchal line; median dorsal line of the neck

clavicle

draws clavicle dorsad and craniad

Acromiotrapezius

neural spines of cervical and first thoracic

metacromion process and spine of scapula; fascia of clavotrapezius

draws scapula dorsad and holds two scapula together

Spinotrapezius

spines of the thoracic vertebrae

fascia of scapula

draws scapula dorsad and caudad

Rhomboideus

neural spines of vertebrae and adjacent ligaments

vertebral column of scapula

draws scapula dorsad

Rhomboideus capitis

superior nuchal line

scapula

draws scapula craniad; rotates scapula

Splenius

middorsal line and fascia

superior nuchal line

raises or turns the head

Supraspinatus

whole surface of supraspinous fossa

greater tuberosity of humerus

extends the humerus

Infraspinatus

whole surface of infraspinous fossa

greater tuberosity of humerus

rotates the humerus

Subscapularis

subscapular fossa

lesser tuberosity of humerus

pulls the humerus medially

Clavodeltoid (also Clavobrachial)

clavicle and fibers of the clavotrapezius

ulna

Acromiodeltoid

acromion of scapula

surface of other deltoids

Spinodeltoid

spine of scapula

deltoid ridge of humerus

Teres major

axillary border of scapula; fascia of neighboring muscles

tendon on medial surface of humerus

rotates the humerus and lowers the humerus

Teres minor

axillary border of scapula

greater tuberosity

assists the infraspinatus

Serratus ventralis

slips from first 9 or 10 ribs; transverse process of last 5 cervical vertebrae

scapula near vertebral border

draws the scapula craniad; ventrad and against thoracic wall

Serratus dorsalis

aponeurosis from medial dorsal line

last ribs

draws the ribs forward

Scalenes

ribs

draws rib forward, bend the neck

External intercostals

posterior margin of the rib

Internal intercostals

anterior margin of the rib

transverse process of cervical vertebra anterior margin of adjacent posterior rib posterior margin of adjacent posterior rib

Multifidus spinae

lumbar pleurapophyses

neural spine of the vertebra

extends vertebral column

Sacrospinalis a) Semispinalis b) Longissimus c) Iliocostalis

various parts of more posterior sacral, lumbar, thoracic and cervical vertebrae

neural processes of more anterior vertebrae

extends and flexes vertebral column

raises and rotates the humerus

bring ribs forward draw ribs back

Muscles of the Upper Arm Origin

Insertion

Action

Triceps brachii (anconeus)

distal end of the humerus

lateral surface of ulna

strengthens elbow joint; rotates ulna

Epitrochlearis/ Extensor antibrachii

latissimus dorsi

olecranon

rotate the ulna

Biceps brachii

glenoid fossa

radius

Brachialis

lateral surface of humerus

ulna

flexor of the forearm

Muscles of the Forearm Origin Extensor carpi ulnaris

lateral epicondyle of humerus; semilunar notch of ulna

Insertion proximal end of fifth (5th) metacarpal

Action extends 5th digit and ulnar side of wrist

External digitorum lateralis External digitorum communis

lateral surface of humerus above the lateral epicondyle

Supinator longus/ Brachioradialis

middle of humerus

Extensor carpi radialis

humerus

Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis

tendons internal to wrist ligaments lower end of radius and adjacent ligaments second and third metacarpals radius

medial epicondyle of humerus

Palmaris longus

second and third metacarpals tendons passing through wrist ligaments

extends 3 or 4 digits

rotates hand to supine position extends hand rotates radius to prone position flexes second and third metacarpals flexor of digits

Flexor profundus digitorum

ulna and humerus

basal phalanges

general flexor of fingers

Flexor carpi ulnaris

medial epicondyle of humerus; olecranon

pisiform bone of wrist

flexes ulnar side of wrist

Muscles of the Thigh Origin

Insertion

Action

Gluteus medius

adjacent fascia; crest of ilium, lateral surface of ilium, transverse process of last sacral and first caudal vertebra

greater trochanter of femur

abduct thigh

Gluteus maximus

fascia and transverse processes of last sacral and first caudal vertebra

fascia

abduct thigh

Caudofemoralis

transverse processes of 2nd and 3rd caudal vertebra

patella

abduct thigh; extends shank

Sartorius

crest and ventral border of ilium

proximal end of the tibia & patella and fascia & ligaments between

adductor and rotator of the thigh;extensor of shank

Tensor fascia latae

ilium and neighboring fascia

fascia lata

tightens the fascia latae

Biceps femoris

tuberosity of ischium

patella and tibia; fascia of shank

abduct thigh; flexes shank

patella and adjacent ligaments

extensor of the shank

Quadriceps femoris a) Vastus lateralis

greater trochanter and surface of femur

b) Rectus femoris

ilium near acetabulum

c) Vastus medialis

femur

d) Vastus intermedius

surface of femur

Gracilis

ischial and pubic symphysis

aponeurosis which passes to tibia

adducts leg

Adductor longus and Adductor femoris

pubis

femur

adduct thigh

Semimembranosus

ischium

medial epicondyle of femur, proximal end of tibia

extends thigh

Semitendinosus

transverse process of second caudal vertebrae

fascia of shank

extends thigh

Muscles of the Shank Origin

Insertion

Action

Tibialis anterior

proximal parts of tibia and fibula

first (1 ) metatarsal

flexor of foot

Extensor digitorum longus

lateral epicondyle of femur

tendon inserted on each digit

extensor of digits

Peroneus

fibula

metatarsals and digits

extensor and flexor of foot

Gastrocnemius

surface fascia; femur, tendon, and fascia of plantaris

Soleus

fibula

extensor of foot

Plantaris

patella and femur

flexor of digits

Flexor digitorum longus

tibia, fibula, adjacent fascia

phalanges

flexor of digits

Tibialis posterior

tibia, fibula, fascia

scaphoid and medial cuneiform of ankle

extensor of foot

st

extensor of foot calcaneus

References: Hyman, LH. 1965. Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. Chicago, USA: The University of Chicago Press. Sia, AJ. n.d. Cat Muscular System. Manila, Philippines: Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila