Cassirer - La Crisis en El Conocimiento Del Hombre

 

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FPKVKV CD CJ FIDIFKAKCD_I OCJ BIA@PC

(Cd Fmsskrcr, C.<  Mdtripijieámgkjisögkfm.Kdtriouffködmudmgkjisigámocjmfujturm, 6ª co., Aëxkfi< GFC, 0>=7, pp. =5-03) ^mrcfc rcfidifcrsc cd ecdcrmj quc jm mutiedisks fidstktuyc cj pripöskti suprcai oc jm kdomemfköd gkjisögkfm. Cd tiois jis fidgjkftis cdtrc jms okgcrcdtcs csfucjms cstc i`lctkvi bm pcramdcfkoi kdvmrkm`jc c kdfidaivk`jc< pri`ö scr cj pudti mrqukaëokfi, cj fcdtri gkli c kdautm`jc oc tioi pcdsmakcdti. _mapifi jis pcdsmoircs aís csfëptkfis dcemrid jm pisk`kjkomo y jm dcfcskomo ocj mutifidifkakcdti. Ocsfidgkm`md oc tiois jis prkdfkpkis ecdcrmjcs fidfcrdkcdtcs m jm dmturmjczm oc jms fisms pcri cstm ocsfidgkmdzm sc cdocrczm`m m kdmueurmr ducvis y aís sceuris aiois oc kdvcstkemfköd. Cd jm bkstirkm oc jm gkjisigám cj csfcptkfksai bm skoi, auy m acduoi, cj acri cdvës oc ud buamdksai rcsucjti. Mj dcemr y ocstrukr jm fcrtczm i`lctkvm ocj audoi cxtcrkir, cj csfëptkfi cspcrm fidoufkr tiois jis pcdsmakcdtis ocj bia`rc bmfkm sá aksai. Cj fidifkakcdti pripki, ocfjmrm, cs cj rcqukskti prcvki y prkdfkpmj oc jm rcmjkzmfköd quc dis fidcftm fid cj audoi cxtcrkir m gkd oc eizmr oc sá aksai. _cdcais quc trmtmr oc riapcr jm fmocdm oc ducstrm vcromocrm jk`crtmo. Jmpjusermdocfbiscouaidocf'cstocsåmvikrëtrcîsiy , csfrk`c Aidtmkedc. Vkd ca`mrei, tmapifi cstm amdcrm oc m`iromr cj pri`jcam ‟cj aëtioi kdtrispcftkvi‟ kdtrispcftkvi ‟ dis m`riqucjm fidtrm jms ouoms csfëptkfms. Jm gkjisigám aiocrdm fiacdzö fid cj prkdfkpki oc quc jm cvkocdfkm oc ducstri pripki scr cs kdvcdfk`jc c kdvujdcrm`jc. ^cri cj priercsi ocj fidifkakcdti pskfijöekfi mpcdms sk bm fidgkramoi cstc prkdfkpki fmrtcskmdi. Jm tcdocdfkm ecdcrmj ocj pcdsmakcdti sc okrkec mftumjacdtc bmfkm cj piji ipucsti. ^ifis pskföjieis aiocrdis rcfidifcrámd i rcfiacdomrámd ud puri aëtioi oc kdtrispcffköd. Cd ecdcrmj dis okfcd quc ud aëtioi scaclmdtc cs vcromocrmacdtc prcfmrki. Cstíd fidvcdfkois oc quc di cs pisk`jc mfiactcr udm pskfijieám fkcdtágkfm aís quc fid udm mftktuo cstrkftmacdtc `cbmvkirkstm y i`lctkvm8 pcri ud `cbmvkirksai fidskstcdtc y rmokfmj tmapifi mjfmdzm su gkd. ^ucoc movcrtkrdis oc pisk`jcs crrircs actöokfis pcri di rcsijvcr tiois jis pri`jcams oc jm pskfijieám buamdm. ^iocais frktkfmr cj pudti oc vkstm purmacdtc kdtrispcftkvi i rcfcjmr oc ëj, pcri di suprkakrji i cjkakdmrji. Vkd kdtrispcffköd, skd udm pcrfcpfköd kdacokmtm oc jis scdtkakcdtis, caifkidcs, pcrfcpfkidcs, pcdsmakcdtis, dk, tmd skqukcrm piorámais ocgkdkr cj fmapi oc jm pskfijieám buamdm. Bmy quc rcfidifcr, skd ca`mrei, quc skeukcdoi cxfjuskvmacdtc cstm vám lmaís jjcemrcais m udm vksköd m`mrfmoirm oc jm dmturmjczm ocj bia`rc. Jm kdtrispcffköd dis rcvcjm tmd söji mqucj pcqucýi scftir oc jm vkom buamdm quc cs mffcsk`jc m ducstrm cxpcrkcdfkm kdokvkoumj8 lmaís piorí fu`rkr pir fiapjcti cj fmapi cdtcri oc jis gcdöacdis buamdis. Mud cd cj fmsi cd quc puokërmais ludtmr y fia`kdmr tiois jis omtis, cstmrámais cd piscsköd oc ud fumori `kcd pi`rc y grmeacdtmrki, ud acri tirsi oc jm dmturmjczm buamdm. Dis okfc Mrkstötcjcs quc tioi fidifkakcdti tkcdc su irkecd cd udm `ískfm tcdocdfkm oc jm dmturmjczm buamdm, quc sc amdkgkcstm cd jms

 

mffkidcs y rcmffkidcs aís cjcacdtmjcs ocj bia`rc. Cj ía`kti cdtcri oc jm vkom oc jis scdtkois sc bmjjm octcrakdmoi octcrakdmoi c kaprcedmoi pir cstm tcdocdfkm< _iois jis bia`rcs ocscmd pir dmturmjczm fidifcr. Sdm pruc`m oc cjji jm tcdcais cd cj eifc quc dis  pripirfkidmd ducstris scdtkois8 pirquc, mpmrtc oc su utkjkomo, sid qucrkois pir sá aksais, y pir cdfkam oc tiois cj oc jm vkstm. ^irquc di söji fumdoi trmtmais oc bmfcr mjei skdi tma`këd cd jm ifkiskomo  prcgcrkais cj vcr m fumjqukcr itrm it rm fism. Jm rmzöd cstí cd quc cstc scdtkoi, aís quc dkdeüd itri, dis bmfc fidifcr y trmc m juz aufbms okgcrcdfkms cdtrc jms fisms. (Actmgáskfm, Jk`ri M, K, ;2>m 0=.)

Cstc pmsmlc cs auy fmrmftcrástkfi ocj fidfcpti quc, m okgcrcdfkm oc ^jmtöd, tkcdc ocj fidifkakcdti Mrkstötcjcs. Vcaclmdtc jim gkjisögkfm oc jm vkom scdsk`jc ocj bia`rc scrám kapisk`jc cd jm i`rm oc ^jmtöd8 lmaís jjcemrám m fiapmrmr cj ocsci ocj fidifkakcdti fid cj eifc quc dis pripirfkidmd ducstris scdtkois. Cd ^jmtöd jm vkom oc jis scdtkois sc bmjjm scpmrmom oc jm vkom ocj kdtcjcfti pir ud mdfbi c kdsupcrm`jc m`ksai. Cj fidifkakcdti y jm vcromo pcrtcdcfcd m ud irocd trmsfcdocdtmj, cj rckdi oc jms kocms purms y ctcrdms. Cj aksai Mrkstötcjcs cstí fidvcdfkoi oc quc di cs pisk`jc cj fidifkakcdti fkcdtágkfi m trmvës üdkfmacdtc ocj mfti oc pcrfcpfköd8 pcri fumdoi dkcem jm scpmrmfköd quc ^jmtöd cstm`jcfc cdtrc cj audoi kocmj y cj capárkfi, bm`jm fiai ud `köjiei. _rmtm oc cxpjkfmr cj audoi kocmj, cj audoi ocj fidifkakcdti cd tërakdis oc vkom. Vceüd Mrkstötcjcs, cd ma`is rckdis cdfidtrmais jm aksam fidtkdukomo kdkdtcrruapkom. Cd jm dmturmjczm, ji aksai quc cd cj fidifkakcdti buamdi, jms girams supcrkircs sc ocsmrrijjmd m pmrtkr oc jms kdgcrkircs. ^crfcpfköd scdsk`jc, acairkm, cxpcrkcdfkm, kamekdmfköd y rmzöd sc bmjjmd jkemoms cdtrc sá pir ud vádfuji fiaüd8 di sid skdi ctmpms okgcrcdtcs y cxprcskidcs okvcrsms oc udm y jm aksam mftkvkomo gudomacdtmj, quc mjfmdzm su pcrgcffköd suprcam cd cj bia`rc, pcri cd jm quc oc mjeüd aioi pmrtkfkpmd jis mdkamjcs y tioms jms girams oc jm vkom ireídkfm. Vk moiptírmais cstc pudti oc vkstm `kijöekfi dis gkeurmrámais quc jm prkacrm ctmpm ocj fidifkakcdti buamdi bm`rám oc trmtmr cxfjuskvmacdtc fid cj audoi cxtcrkir. ^ir ji quc sc rcgkcrc m sus dcfcskomocs kdacokmtms y m sus kdtcrcscs príftkfis cj bia`rc ocpcdoc oc su ma`kcdtc gáskfi. Di pucoc vkvkr skd momptmrsc fidstmdtca fidstmdtcacdtc cdtc m jms fidokfkidcs ocj audoi quc jc riocm. Jis prkacris pmsis bmfkm jm vkom kdtcjcftumj y fujturmj pucocd ocsfrk`krsc fiai mftis quc kapjkfmd udm sucrtc oc momptmfköd acdtmj mj cdtirdi. Ams cd cj priercsi oc jm fujturm auy pridti tripczmais fid udm tcdocdfkm ipucstm oc jm vkom. Ocsoc jis prkacris mj`ircs oc jm fidfkcdfkm buamdm vcais quc cj pudti oc vkstm cxtrmvcrtkoi sc bmjjm mfiapmýmoi y fiapjcacdtmoi pir udm vksköd kdtrivcrtkom oc jm vkom. Fumdti aís jclis mvmdfcais cd cj ocscdvijvkakcdti ocscdvijvkakcdti oc jm fujturm fid rcspcfti m sus iráecdcs jm vksköd kdtrivcrtkom sc vm mocjmdtmdoi bmfkm cj prkacr pjmdi. Vöji pifi m pifi jm furkiskomo dmturmj ocj bia`rc fiakcdzm m fma`kmr oc okrcffköd. ^iocais cstuokmr cstc pmujmtkdi ocsmrrijji cd fmsk tioms jms girams oc su vkom fujturmj. Cd jms prkacrms cxpjkfmfkidcs aátkfms ocj udkvcrsi cdfidtrmais skcaprc udm mdtripijie mdtripijieám ám prkaktkvm mj jmoi oc udm fisaijieám prkaktkvm. Jm fucstköd ocj irkecd ocj audoi sc bmjjm kdcxtrkfm`jcacdtc cdtrcjmzmom fid jm fucstköd ocj irkecd ocj bia`rc. Jm rcjkeköd di ocstruyc cstms prkacrms cxpjkfmfkidcs aktijöekfms8 pir cj fidtrmrki, prcscrvm jm

 

fisaijieám y jm mdtripijieám aátkfms oitídoijms oc ducvm giram y oc amyir prigudokomo. ^ir ji tmdti, cj fidifkakcdti oc sá aksai di cs fidskocrmoi fiai ud kdtcrës purmacdtc tcörkfi8 di cs ud skapjc tcam oc furkiskomo i oc cspcfujmfköd8 sc rcfidifc fiai jm i`jkemfköd gudomacdtmj ocj bia`rc. Jis ermdocs pcdsmoircs rcjkekisis bmd skoi jis prkacris quc bmd kdfujfmoi cstm cxkecdfkm airmj. Cd tioms jms girams supcrkircs oc jm vkom rcjkekism jm aíxkam "fidöfctc m tk aksai" sc fidskocrm fiai ud kapcrmtkvi fmtceörkfi, fiai udm jcy airmj y rcjkekism ocgkdktkvm. Vcdtkais fid cstc kapcrmtkvi, pir ocfkrji msá, udm kdvcrsköd sü`ktm ocj prkacr kdstkdti dmturmj oc fidifkakcdti, pcrfk`kais udm trmsautmfköd oc tiois jis vmjircs. ^iocais i`scrvmr jm amrfbm fidfrctm oc cstc ocscdvijvkakcdti ocscdvijvkakcd ti cd jm bkstirkm oc tioms jms rcjkekidcs udkvcrsmjcs, cd cj luomásai, cd cj `uoksai, cd cj fidgufkmdksai y cd cj frkstkmdksai. Γj aks aksai ai prkdfkpki sc amdkgkcstm cd jm cvijufköd ecdcrmj ocj pcdsmakcdti gkjisögkfi. Cd sus ctmpms prkaktkvms jm gkjisigám erkcem pmrcfc kdtcrcsmrsc cxfjuskvmacdtc pir cj udkvcrsi gáskfi8 jm fisaijieám prcoiakdm fjmrmacdtc si`rc tioms jms itrms rmams oc jm kdvcstkemfköd gkjisögkfm, pcri fmrmftcrkzm jm prigudokomo y jm mapjktuo ocj cspárktu erkcei cj bcfbi oc quc fmsk tioi ducvi pcdsmoir rcprcscdtc mj aksai tkcapi ud ducvi tkpi ecdcrmj oc pcdsmakcdti. pcdsmakcdti. _rms jm gkjisigám g kjisigám gáskfm oc jm csfucjm oc Akjcti, jis pktmeörkfis ocsfu`rcd udm gkjisigám amtcaítkfm, akcdtrms quc jim cjëmtms sid jis prkacris cd fidfc`kr cj kocmj oc udm gkjisigám jöekfm. Bcrífjkti sc bmjjm cd jm gridtcrm cdtrc cj pcdsmakcdti fisaijöekfi y cj mdtripijöekfi8 mudquc skeuc bm`jmdoi fiai ud gkjösigi dmturmj y pcrtcdcfc mj erupi oc jis mdtkeuis gksköjieis, cstí fidvcdfkoi oc quc di sc pucoc pcdctrmr cd cj scfrcti oc jm dmturmjczm skd bm`cr cstuokmoi mdtcs cj scfrcti ocj bia`rc. _cdcais quc fuapjkr fid jm cxkecdfkm oc jm mutirrcgjcxköd sk qucrcais mprcbcdocr mprcbcdocr jm rcmjkomo y cdtcdocr su scdtkoi8 pir csi jc guc pisk`jc m Bcrífjkti fmrmftcrkzmr tiom su gkjisigám fid cstms ois pmjm`rms< ΡοληεφΪκεα ΡκγϋϏϊα (ac bc `usfmoi m aá aksai). aksai).   ^cri cstm tcdocdfkm ducvm ocj pcdsmakcdti mudquc cd fkcrti scdtkoi kdbcrcdtc m jm prkaktkvm gkjisigám erkcem, di jjceö m su pjcdm amourcz bmstm jm ëpifm oc Vöfrmtcs8 cs, pucs, cj pri`jcam ocj bia`rc ji quc scpmrm cj pcdsmakcdti sifrítkfi ocj prcsifrítkfi Vöfrmtcs dudfm mtmfm i frktkfm jms tciráms oc sus prcocfcsircs,, di prctcdoc kdtrioufkr udm ducvm oiftrkdm gkjisögkfm. Vkd ca`mrei, tiois prcocfcsircs jis pri`jcams mdtkeuis sid vkstis pir ëj m udm ducvm juz, pirquc sid rcgcrkois m ud ducvi gifi kdtcjcftumj8 jis oc jm gkjisigám dmturmj y oc jm actmgáskfm sc cdfucdtrmd sü`ktmacdtc cfjkpsmois pir udm ducvm fucstköd quc pmrcfc m`sir`cr, oc mquá cd mocjmdtc, tioi cj kdtcrës tcörkfi ocj bia`rc. [m di cdfidtrmais cd Vöfrmtcs udm tcirám ducvm oc jm dmturmjczm i udm ducvm oiftrkdm jöekfm, dk udm tcirám ëtkfm fibcrcdtc y skstcaítkfm cd cj scdtkoi cd quc guc ocsmrrijjmom pir jis skstcams ëtkfis pistcrkircs8 di bmy aís quc udm fucstköd< ¹quë cs cj bia`rc9 Vöfrmtcs sistkcdc y ocgkcdoc skcaprc cj kocmj oc udm vcromo i`lctkvm, m`sijutm, udkvcrsmj, pcri cj üdkfi udkvcrsi quc fidifc y mj fumj sc rcgkcrcd tioms sus kdomemfkidcs cs cj udkvcrsi ocj bia`rc. Vu gkjisigám, sk piscc mjeudm, cs cstrkftmacdtc mdtripijöekfm). Cd udi oc jis okíjieis pjmtödkfis sc dis ocsfrk`c m Vöfrmtcs cd fidvcrsmfköd fid su oksfápuji Gcori. ^mscmd y m pifi jjcemd m ud juemr cxtrmauris oc Mtcdms8 Vöfrmtcs cstí moakrmoi pir jm `cjjczm ocj juemr. Jc cdfmdtm cj pmksmlc, quc fcjc`rm

 

fid cdtuskmsai. ^cri Gcori jc kdtcrruapc. Jc sirprcdoc quc Vöfrmtcs sc fidouzfm. fiai ud cxtrmdlcri quc cs fidoufkoi pir ud fkfcridc. "¹_rmspmsíks mjeudm vcz jis ua`rmjcs9", jc prceudtm8 Vöfrmtcs rcspidoc, fid ud scdtkoi ska`öjkfi< "Fkcrti quc di, ak `ucd makei, y cspcri quc sm`rís cxfusmrac fumdoi csfufbcs jm rmzöd, m sm`cr, quc siy ud mamdtc ocj fidifkakcdti y jis bia`rcs quc bm`ktmd cd jm fkuomo sid aks amcstris y di jis ír`ijcs i jm fiamrfm". (^jmtöd, Gcori, 06>.) Di i`stmdtc, sk cstuokmais jis okíjieis sifrítkfis oc ^jmtöd cd dkdeudm pmrtc cdfidtrmrcais udm sijufköd okrcftm ocj ducvi pri`jcam. Vöfrmtcs dis igrcfc ud mdíjksks octmjjmoi y actkfujisi oc jms okvcrsms fumjkomocs y vkrtuocs buamdms. ^rctcdoc octcrakdmr jm dmturmjczm oc cstms fumjkomocs y ocgkdkrjms< `idomo, lustkfkm, tcapjmdzm, vmjir, y msá sufcskvmacdtc, pcri dudfm mvcdturm udm ocgkdkfköd ocj bia`rc. ¹Föai cxpjkfmrdis cstm mpmrcdtc ocgkfkcdfkm9 ¹Cs quc Vöfrmtcs moiptö ocjk`crmomacdtc jm vám ocj rioci, ud aëtioi quc jc pcraktám di aís mrmýmr jm supcrgkfkc oc su pri`jcam skd pcdctrmr lmaís cd cj acijji9 Cd cstc pudti, skd ca`mrei, aís quc cd itri fumjqukcrm tcdcais quc rcfcjmr oc jm kridám sifrítkfm. ^rcfksmacdtc, jm rcspucstm dcemtkvm oc Vöfrmtcs mpirtm udm juz kdcspcrmom m jm fucstköd y dis pripirfkidm jm fjmvc pisktkvm oc su fidfcpfköd ocj bia`rc, fuym dmturmjczm piocais ocsfu`rkr ocj aksai aioi quc dis cs pisk`jc ocvcjmr jm dmturmjczm oc jms fisms gáskfms. Vk ocsfrk`kais jms fisms gáskfms cd jis tërakdis oc sus pripkcomocs i`lctkvms, cj bia`rc söji sc pucoc ocsfrk`kr y ocgkdkr cd tërakdis oc su fidfkcdfkm. Cstc bcfbi pjmdtcm pjmdt cm ud pri`jcam cdtcrmacdtc ducvi c kdsiju`jc pmrm ducstris aiois bm`ktumjcs oc kdvcstkemfköd. Jm i`scrvmfköd capárkfm y cj mdíjksks jöekfi, cd cj scdtkoi cd quc gucrid capjcmois cstis tërakdis cd jm gkjisigám prcsifrítkfm, sc bmd aistrmoi kdcgkfmfcs c kdmocfumois, pirquc söji cd cj trmti fid jis scrcs buamdis piocais pcdctrmr cd cj fmríftcr ocj bia`rc. ^mrm fiaprcdocrji tcdcais quc mgridtmrji, akrmrji fmrm m fmrm. Di cs, pucs, ud ducvi fidtcdkoi i`lctkvi skdi udm ducvm mftktuo y gudfköd ocj pcdsmakcdti ji quc fidstktuyc cj rmsei okstkdtkvi oc jm gkjisigám sifrítkfm. Jm gkjisigám, quc bmstm mbirm bm`ám skoi fidfc`kom fiai ud aidöjiei kdtcjcftumj, sc bm trmdsgiramoi cd okíjiei. Vöji pir jm vám ocj pcdsmakcdti okmjiemj i okmjëftkfi piocais mfcrfmrdis mj fidifkakcdti oc jm dmturmjczm buamdm. Mdtcs puoi fidfc`krsc jm vcromo fiai udm cspcfkc oc fism mfm`mom mprcbcdsk`jc pir ud csgucrzi ocj pcdsmoir kdokvkoumj y prcscdtm`jc y fiaudkfm`jc msá m jis ocaís. Vöfrmtcs ym di susfrk`c cstc pudti oc vkstm. Cs tmd kapisk`jc, dis okfc ^jmtöd cd jm Pcpü`jkfm, kapjmdtmr jm vcromo cd cj mjam oc ud bia`rc fiai kapjmdtmr jm gmfujtmo oc vcr cd cj fkcei oc dmfkakcdti. Jm vcromo cs, pir su dmturmjczm, jm frkmturm ocj pcdsmakcdti okmjëftkfi8 di pucoc scr i`tcdkom, pir ji tmdti, skdi cd jm fidstmdtc fiipcrmfköd oc jis sulctis cd udm kdtcrriemfköd y rëpjkfm rcfáprifms. Di cs ud i`lcti capárkfi8 bmy quc cdtcdocrjm fiai cj prioufti oc ud mfti sifkmj. Mquá tcdcais jm ducvm rcspucstm, kdokrcftm, m jm prceudtm< ¹quë cs cj bia`rc9 Vc okfc quc cs udm frkmturm fidstmdtcacdtc cd `usfm oc sá aksam, quc cd tioi aiacdti oc su cxkstcdfkm tkcdc quc cxmakdmr y bmfcr cj csfrutkdki oc jms fidokfkidcs oc jm aksam. Cd cstc csfrutkdki, cd cstm mftktuo frátkfm rcspcfti m jm vkom buamdm rmokfm cj vmjir oc cstm vkom. "Sdm vkom di cxmakdmom ‟okfc Vöfrmtcs cd jm Mpijieám‟ Mpijieám‟, di vmjc jm pcdm oc vkvkrjm".

 

Fm`c rcsuakr cj pcdsmakcdti oc Vöfrmtcs okfkcdoi quc ocgkdc mj bia`rc fiai mqucj scr quc, sk sc jc bmfc udm prceudtm rmfkidmj, pucoc omr udm rcspucstm rmfkidmj. _mdti su fidifkakcdti fiai su airmjkomo cstíd kdfjukois cd cstc fárfuji. Acokmdtc cstm gmfujtmo gudomacdtmj oc omr udm "rcspucstm" m sá aksai y m jis ocaís cj bia`rc rcsujtm ud scr "rcspidsm`jc", "rcspidsm`jc ", ud sulcti airmj.