Casos Tema 1. Intro. Al D. de Las Obligaciones

 

@EKRH]EM MB MB_BKCA MB_BKCA KGPGH4 AOHGIEKGALB[ ]BJE 54 GL]_AMRKKGÛL EH MB_BKCA MB HE[ AOHGIEKGALB[ KE[A[

5.

^_G ^_GJR JR[ [ gl glvg vgte te e su ej ejgi gia a [B [BKR KRLM LMR[ R[ eehh kg kglb lb.. [B [BKR KRLM LMR[ R[ eekbp kbpte te hhee gl glvg vgte tekgû kgûl ly qubmel bl blkaltrersb bl he pubrte mbh kglb e hes 534>>. ^_GJR[, cekb jukca tgbjpa qub la vb e [BKRLMR[ y tgblb irel ghusgûl bl vbr e su ejgia mb he gl`elkge. Kal`arjb e ha ekarmema ha bspbre bl huier y e he care kalvblgme. [BKRLMR[ la hhbie e he kgte kal ha qub ^_GJR[ vb `rustrema su gltbrçs mb rbblkaltrersb kal su ejgia. [b hb kalsuhte sg bh armblejgblta durêmgka palb e mgspasgkgûl mb ^_GJR[ ehiôl rbjbm rbj bmga ga rbs rbspb pbkt kta a e he hb hbsg sgûl ûl mb su gl gltb tbrçs rçs keus keusem ema a pa parr he glesg glesgst stbl blkg kgee mb [BKRLMR[.

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De Dekg kgl lte te,, bbsp spas asee m mbb _ _uo uoçl çl ^e ^ede derb rbs, s, bbre re gl gl``çrtg çrtgh. h. _uoçl yHubia Dekgltembkbhboreral ul kaltreta_bobke mb jetbrlgmem suoraiemebhkal _bobke _aohbs. hhbver su bjoereza _aohbs bltrbierêe oboç e has ^ederb ^ed erbss y cerê cerêee tama tama ha lbkb lbkbse serga rga pere pere me merr pa parr tbrj tbrjgl glem emas as sus sus mb mbrb rbkc kcas as jetbrlas, pbrjgtgblma he emapkgûl mb he jgsje par he [re. ^ederbs. ^ar sus sbrvgkgas _bobke _aohbs rbkgogrêe R[$ $ 5>,>>>.>>. Bl `borbra mb 5732 sb kbhborû bh kaltreta y hubia mb he `bkulmekgûl ertg`gkgeh, he lgõe lekgû bl Jerza mb 5730. [gl [gl bj bjoe oeria ria,, mb mbsp spuç uçss mb bl bltr trbi bier er e he lgõe lgõe,, _bob _bobke ke _a _aoh ohbs bs kajb kajblz lzû û e errbpbltgrsb. Hubia mb jukce glsgstblkge has ^ederbs hb pbrjgtgbral qub sb qubmesb qubme sb kal bhhe par ule sbjele. [gl bjoeria, bhhe sb `uiû kal he lgõe y tres ule oôsqubme e lgvbh lekgaleh sb rbkupbrû e he lgõe hubia mb kuetra jbsbs. Ha Hass ^e ^eder derbs bs mb mbje jelm lmer eral al e he je jemr mrbb le letu ture rehh mb he lgõe lgõe (_b (_bob obke ke _a _aoh ohbs bs), ), bxgigblma bh kujphgjgblta mb ul kaltreta mb jetbrlgmem suoraieme. Elehgkb y mgskute bh kesa bl khesb. [b hb kalsuhte ha sgiugbltb4 5) ±[b hb pu pubmb bmb bxgi bxgigr gr hbiehj hbiehjbltb bltb e _bo _bobke bke _aohb _aohbss he bltrbi bltrbiee mb he lgõ lgõe1 e1 ?) Hbe has sgi sgiugb ugbltb ltbss ert ertêku êkuhas4 has4 e) ‘Emvb ‘Emvbrtblkg rtblkge4 e4 bh prbsbl prbsbltb tb ertêkuha pubm pubmbb cbrgr su sblsgo sblsgoghgmem ghgmem durêm durêmgke. gke. Bh ehqughbr mb vgbltrb, hes jemrbs sustgtutes y bh Mbrbkca Kaltrektueh‚. Eh`rbma Ouhherm Ialzåhbs. Bl4 Gus bt Pbrgtes, L¾ 5>, p. 25-0=. o) ‘Ha ‘Hass prg prglkg lkgpga pgass çtgkas çtgkas y bka bkalûj lûjgka gkass mb cek cekbr br kujph kujphgr gr has kaltr kaltreta etass mb suoraiekgûl suorai ekgûl jetbrle jetbrle‚. ‚. _gkcerm ^aslbr. Bl4 Gus bt Pbrgtes, L¾ ??, p. 52>-529. ;) _bvgsb he Hb Hbyy ?03=? - Hby Ibl Iblbreh breh mb [ehum [ehum..

 

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^_ ^_GJ GJR[ R[ bs bstå tå ke kese sem ma ka kal l JB JB[E [EHG HGLE LE mb mbsm smbb cekb ekb ?> eõ eõas as.. Mb bst bstee rbhe rbhekg kgûl ûl lekgbral ^EKA y HRG[. ^EKA tgblb = eõas mb bmem y HRG[ tgblb 55 jbsbs. ^_GJR[ bs kaltemar y treoedeoe ceste cekb 3 jbsbs bl ul bjprbse tbxtgh. Ektuehjbltb sb blkubltre sgl treoeda y ehqughe ul ]gka pere cekbr texg. HR HRG[ G[ su`r su`rbb ule ule bl bl`b `brj rjbm bmem em y rbq rbqug ugbr brbb mb ul ulee apbr apbrekg ekgûl ûl.. Bl bh casp caspgt gteh eh Erzaogspa Haeyze, malmb HRG[ sb blkubltre gltbrlema, hb cel mgkca e ^_GJR[ qub pere he apbrekgûl sb lbkbsgte = ulgmembs mb selirb _C lbietgva y qub la cey su`gkgbltb bl bh Oelka mb [elirb. ^_GJR[ ouske ejgias qub malbl pbra la pubmb blkaltrer e lemgb mgspu mgspubsta bsta e cekbrha. Hubia mb ousker blkubltre e [BKRLMR[, qugbl sb a`rbkgû e vblmbr he selirb prbtblmgblma kaorer [/ ;>>.>> par ulgmem. ^_GJR[ mbsbspbrema kbhbore kal [BKRLMR[ bh ‘kaltreta mb kajprevblte‚. [b hb kalsuhte4 5) ?)

±Bxg ±Bxgst stbb ule ule rrbh bhekg ekgûl ûl mb aohg aohgie ieta targe rge bl bltr trbb ^_G ^_GJR JR[ [ y [B [BKR KRLM LMR[ R[11 ±Kal ±Kalsg sgmb mbre re em embku bkuem ema a ha ha bbst steo eohb hbkg kgma ma bl bh ertê ertêku kuha ha 7 mb he Hby Hby ? ?0= 0=2= 2=11

^ere rbsahvbr bh kesa4 5) ?) =.

_b _bvg vgsb sb bbhh tb tbxt xta a em emdu dult lta a ‘] ‘]re` re`gk gkel eltb tbss mb [el [elir irb‚ b‚ eepe perbk rbkgm gma a bl bh M Mge gerga rga Bh Kajbrkga. _bvgsb he Hby ?0=2=.

^_G ^_GJR JR[ [ bs ul davb davbl lp pem emrb rb m mbb `e `ejg jghghgee qu qubb su su`rb `rb mb ule ule ir irev evbb mah mahbl blkg kgee eh rgõû rgõûl. l. ^ere saorbvgvgr has jçmgkas hb cel glmgkema qub rbqugbrb, uribltbjbltb, mb ul trelspheltb. Esgjgsja hb cel glmgkema qub, hejblteohbjbltb, par bh jajblta, la bxgstbl maleltbs mgspalgohbs. [BKRLMR[ bs ul bstumgeltb mbh ôhtgja kgkha mb Mbrbkca bl ule Rlgvbrsgmem pbruele. [u pemrb ce pbrmgma su bjphba y, par ha telta, la pamrå sbiugr bstumgelma. [BKRLMR[ sb bltbre mb he sgtuekgûl mb ^_GJR[ y ha ouske. Ejoas ekubrmel ha sgiugbltb4 [BKRLMR[ bltrbierå e ^_GJR[ ula mb sus rgõalbs y e kejoga ^_GJR[ bltrbierå e [BKRLMR[ he suje mb R[$ 52,>>>.>>, jalta su`gkgbltb pere qub [BKRLMR[ pubme kuhjgler sus bstumgas ulgvbrsgtergas. He bltrbie mb he suje mb mglbra sb b`bktuerå hubia mb he apbrekgûl, kalkrbtejbltb mbltra mb has quglkb (52) mêes sgiugbltbs e qub ^_GJR[ sbe mema mb ehte. Bstb ekubrma kalste bl ul makujblta qub bs suskrgta par ejoas. Bh trelspheltb sb rbehgze kal çxgta. E has quglkb mêes mbh ehte, [BKRLMR[ ouske e ^_GJR[ y hb rbkheje bh peia mb has R[$ 52,>>>.>>. ^_GJR[ sb lgbie. [BKRLMR[ [BKRLM R[ glt gltbrp brpalb alb ule mbj mbjelm elmee dum dumgkge gkgehh bxg bxgigb igblma lma bh kuj kujphg phgjgb jgblta lta mbh kaltreta suskrgta kal ^_GJR[. Rstbm bs dubz ±Kûja rbsahvbrêe1

 

2.

^_ ^_GJ GJR[ R[ bs pr prap apgb gbte terg rga a mb ul pb pbrr rra a mb rez rezee ^gt ^gtou ouhh hh ]b ]brr rrgb gbrr qub rb rbsp spal alm mb eh lajorb mb ‘E]GHE‚. ^_GJR[ bltrble e E]GHE pere cekbrha pertgkgper bl ules pbhbes mb pbrras qub sb rbehgzel bl bh ^erqub Kestghhe has mêes såoemas e hes 5? mb he lakcb. Rla mb bses lakcbs ^_GJR[ hhbve e E]GHE, [BKRLMR[ qub sb mbmgke e hes pbhbes mb equbhhe reze mb pbrras, rbte e ^_GJR[ y hb epubste R[ $ ?,2>> mûherbs. ^_GJR[ ekbpte he epubste. E]GHE sehb vblkbmar y [BKRLMR[ sb lgbie e peier he epubste e ^_GJR[. ±Uuç pubmb cekbr ^_GJR[1 ^ere rbsahvbr bh kesa hbe he Hby ?9270 ‛ Hby qub rbiuhe bh rçigjbl durêmgka mb kelbs.

0.

Mas kalakg kgm mas lerre rremarbs mb latgkges (çh kesem sema y bhhe mb lavge) `ubral `ghjemas, bl he vêe pôohgke, kuelma sb blkaltreoel obsålmasb y eorezålmasb jutuejbltb bl bh euta mb bhhe. ^astbrgarjbltb, mgkce `ghjekgûl `ub vgste bl tbhbvgsgûl bl ul praireje mb `erålmuhe. He bspase mbh lerremar mb latgkges kalsgmbrû, eh vbr bh vgmba, qub çh ceoêe glkujphgma glkuj phgma sus aohgi aohgiekgalb ekgalbs s kalyu kalyuiehbs, iehbs, kalkrbtejbltb bltbBlmbtehhesbltgma aohgi aohgiekgûl ekgûl `gmbhgmem bsteohbkgme bl bh ertêkuha ?33¾ mbhkalkrbtej Kûmgia Kgvgh. tgblb mb he gltblk glt blkgûl gûl mb mbj mbjelm elmerha erha par glk glkujp ujphgj hgjgbl gblta ta mb aoh aohgie giekgal kgalbs bs kal kal`ar `arjb jb eh ertêkuha 5;5=¾ mbh Kûmgia Kgvgh. [b hb pgmb su apglgûl eh rbspbkta.

9.

^_ ^_GJ GJR[ R[ bbss ul ddav avbl bl bbjp jprb rbse serg rga, a, ssah ahtb tbra ra,, mb =2 eeõa õas, s, q qub ub ttgb gblb lb u ule le ttgb gblm lmee bl Iejerre malmb sb mbmgke e he vblte mb tbhes. JB[EHGLE, vgume, mb 2? eõas, bs ule bjphbeme mb ^_GJR[. ^_GJR[ y JB[EHGLE hhbvel kuetra eõas mb blejaremas. Hubia mb telta tgbjpa cel mbkgmgma `arjehgzer su rbhekgûl. Bh 52 mb `borbra ^_GJR[ y sus pemrbs vgsgtel e he `ejghge mb JB[EHGLE. Bl mgkce mgk ce vgs vgsgte gte ^_GJ ^_GJR[ R[ y JB[ JB[EHG EHGLE LE sb pra prajbt jbtbl bl rbk rbkêpr êprakej akejblt bltbb jet jetrgj rgjalg alga, a, sbõehelma bh ?> mb jeya mb bsb jgsja eõa kaja `bkce mbh jetrgjalga kgvgh. Bh mêe eltbrgar eh ekarmema pere he oame, JB[EHGLE kal`gbse e ^_GJR[ qub eje e [BKRLMR[, su eltgiua blejarema y kal bh qub jeltgblb ule rbhekgûl mbsmb cekb cekb ulas ulas jb jbsb sbs. s. ^ar ^ar te tehh re rezû zûl, l, JB JB[E [EHG HGLE LE glku glkujp jphb hb su pr praj ajbs bsee mb jetrgjalga. ^_GJR[ ^_GJR [ ou ouske ske e su jb jbda darr ej ejgi gia, a, bs bstu tumg mgel eltb tb mb Mb Mbrbk rbkca ca,, y hb kubl kublte te ha sukbmgma y hb kalsuhte sg, kal`arjb eh ertêkuha 5?57¾ mbh Kûmgia Kgvgh pubmb, bjphbelma hes jbmgmes hbiehbs, aohgier e JB[EHGLE e kaltrebr jetrgjalga. ±Kuåh bs su apglgûl1

3.

Hubia

mb

verges

rbhekgalbs

gl`ruktuases

y vgblma

qub

sb ekbrkeoe

pbhgirasejbltb e has[.E. =>,‛_A[EHGLME HAPB G[ GL ]CB EG_ HGG]E [.E. mbkgmgû ekumgr e he eiblkge jetrgjalgeh

 

Bh 2 mb blbra mbh ?>>= _A[EHGLME kbhbora kal HGG]E [.E. ul Kaltreta mb Karrbtedb Jetrgjalgeh, par bh kueh HGG]E sb aohgiû e hairer bl bh pheza mb 5 eõa, qub _A[EHGLME kaltredbre jetrgjalga kal ul iehål ehta, mb partb ethçtgka, epubsta, mb pgbh oralkbeme y adas kheras (mb prb`brblkge, ezuhbs). E kejoga, _A[EHGLME _A[EHGL ME sb aohgiû e peier eh vblkgjgbl vblkgjgblta ta mbh pheza bsteoh bsteohbkgma, bkgma, he suje mb R[$ 2,>>>.>>. Mureltb tama bh ?>>= _A[EHGLME sb he pesû sehgblma kal has iehelbs qub HGG]E [.E. hb praparkgaleoe pbra, hubia mb he prgjbre sehgme, tamas y keme ula mb has iehelbs mbseperbkêe kaja par ertb mb jeige. Bh 2 mb blbra mbh ?>>2, HGG]E [.E. bxgigû bh peia mb su kaltreprbstekgûl e _A[EHGLME (eôl sahtbre), qugbl sb lbiû e peier ehbielma qub HGG]E [.E. la ceoêe kujphgma kal he prbstekgûl e su keria ‘cekbr qub _A[EHGLME sb kesb kal ul iehål ehta…‚. HGG]E [.E. mbjelme e _A[EHGLME bh peia mb has R[$ 2,>>>.>> e ha qub _A[EHGLME rbkalvgblb bxgigblma he bdbkukgûl `arzeme mbh cbkca prajbtgma, sbiôl ha prbvgsta bl bh glkgsa 5 mbh ertêkuha 552>¾ y ule glmbjlgzekgûl par meõas y pbrdugkgas, sbiôl ha prbvgsta bl bh ertêkuha 552?¾ mbh Kûmgia Kgvgh.

7.

Rstbm bs bh Dubz y mbob rbsahvbr. DA_ DA_IB y DDA[ A[Ç Ç je jelt ltgb gbl lbl u ul le rb rbhe hekg kgûl ûl m mbb pe perb rbde de c cek ekbb jå jåss mb 2 eõ eõas as y c cel el mbkgmg mbk gmgma ma `ar `arjeh jehgzer gzerhe. he. ^ere bhha, vge vgedel del e Bsp Bspeõe eõe,, mal malmb mb he hby pbrjgt pbrjgtbb bh jetrgjalga bltrb pbrsales mbh jgsja sbxa, y kaltrebl jetrgjalga. Hubia mb he kbrbjalge rbehgzel ule hglme `gbste e he qub ekumbl sus ejgias pbruelas qub vgederal kal jatgva mbh bvblta y tames sus ejgstembs rbsgmbltbs bl Jemrgm. Mb rbirbsa bl bh ^brô, DA_IB y DA[Ç vgvgbral `bhgkbs, ceste qub mas eõas mbspuçs EL]ALGA sb gltbrpusa bl bh kejgla mb he `bhgz perbde. Bh ?3 mb duhga mb ?>>2, DA_IB mbdû he kese qub kajpertêe kal DA[Ç y sb jumû kal EL]ALGA. Bl ep ephghgkek kekgû gûl l mb ha mg mgsp spub ubst sta a bl bh ertê ertêku kuha ha 5;?5 5;?5¾¾ mb mbhh Kûm Kûmgi gia a Kgvg Kgvgh, h, DA[ DA[Ç Ç mbjelme e DA_IB ule glmbjlgzekgûl estralûjgke par bh glkujphgjgblta mb su mbobr mb kaceogtekgûl y mb su aohgiekgûl mb sastblbr e he `ejghge (DA_IB bre qugbl treoedeoe y DA[Ç sb mbmgkeoe eh treoeda mbh caier) prbvgstas bl has ertêkuhas ?37¾ y ?75¾ mbh Kûmgia Kgvgh. Kal su mbjelme mbjelme ye prbsbltem prbsblteme, e, DA[Ç ha ouske y hb pgmb qub ha petrakgl petrakglb. b. Rm. ±quç hb rbkajgblme1

5>. 5>.

BM BMJR JRLM LMA A y JG_ JG_]CE ]CE j jel eltg tgbl blbl bl ul ulee rbh rbhek ekgû gûl l mb p perb erbde de ce cekb kb j jås ås mb 2 eeõa õass y cel mbkgmgma `arjehgzerhe. ^ere bhha, ekumbl e su perraquge y bh 52 mb mgkgbjorb mbh ?>>> kaltrebl jetrgjalga rbhgigasa. ]rbs eõasmbder mbspuçs, BMJRLMA sb me kublte qub HAHE bsHAHE. bh ejar mb su vgme y mbkgmb e JG_]CE y bl b`bkta, ha cekb mb y sb jume kal

 

JG_]CE blteohe ule mbjelme mb mgvarkga par keuseh mb emuhtbrga, bxgib bh peia mb ehgjbltas y bl ephgkekgûl mb ha mgspubsta bl bh ertêkuha 5;?5¾ mbh Kûmgia Kgvgh, bxgib e BMJRLMA ule glmbjlgzekgûl par bh glkujphgjgblta mb su mbobr mb kaceogtekgûl y mb su aohgiekgûl mb sastblbr e he `ejghge, prbvgstas bl has ertêkuhas ?37¾ y ?75¾ mbh Kûmgia Kgvgh. BMJRLMA ha ouske y hb pgmb qub ha petrakglb. Rm. ±quç hb rbkajgblme1 55 55..

Mb Mbsp spuç uçss mb ul ulee erm ermue ue da darl rlem emee mb tr treo eoed eda, a, _G _GKC KCE_ E_M M taj tajû û su eu euta ta y jer jerkc kcû û rujoa e su majgkghga. Bre ule lakcb bstrbhheme. Eh peser par ule evblgme kalakgme par sbr huier ceogtueh mb jbrbtrgkbs, oedû he vbhakgmem mb su euta y hes aosbrvû. Bltrb bhhes, uogkû e ule mb esajorasa perbkgma kal Duhge _aobrts y rbkarmû mb gljbmgeta he pbhêkuhe ^rbtty Yajel. _GKCE_M la puma bvgter he tbltekgûl, sb ekbrkû, hb cgza hukbs y bhhe sb esajû kaqubtejbltb e he vbltele mbh kapghata. Bltalkbs, sb pramuda bh sgiugbltb mgåhaia4 _GKCE_M4 ‘±Kûja bs1‚  Duhge (esê he hhejû _GKCE_M)4 ‘R[$ 5>> par mas cares y jbmge, tô peies bh catbh, qub embjås mbob sbr mb trbs bstrbhhes kaja jêlgja.‚  _GKCE_M4 ¡Cbkca! ‘[uob.‚  _GKCE_M y Duhge hhbieral eh catbh Yehmar` (mb trbs bstrbhhes y jbmge) y tajeral he ceogtekgûl ;>;. We bl he ceogtekgûl, _GKCE_M y Duhge obogbral bh wcgsfy btgqubte rade qub _GKCE_M ceoêe kajprema bl ule bstekgûl mb sbrvgkga qub blkaltrû bl bh kejgla. Esê trelskurrgû ule care y jbmge, tgbjpa mureltb bh kueh has prateialgstes kalvbrseral y sb rgbral kaja sg sb cuogbrel kalakgma mb sgbjprb. E bstes ehtures mbh pertgma _GKCE_M mgda4 ‘Hhbiû he care mb he vbrmem.‚  E ha qub Duhge kaltbstû4 ‘[arry, pbra tb perbkbs jukca e jg têa ^bpb, qugbl sgbjprb jb glkbltgvû e gr par he sblme mbh ogbl. La, pubma cekbrha. ^ar `evar påiejb qub ye jb vay.‚  Bl bsb prbkgsa glsteltb, _GKCE_M qugbl bs su ejgia mb he gl`elkge, mbkgmb hhejerha par tbhç`ala, pubs pgblse qub bl su kalmgkgûl mb mbstekema bstumgeltb mb mbrbkca pamrå eyumerha kal ul kalsbda hbieh eprapgema. ±Kuåh sbrêe su kalsbda1, ±par quç1

5?. 5?.

_EJ _EJÛL ÛL bs u ul l dav davbl bl p pem emrb rb mb `e `ejg jghghgee qub su su`r `rbb mb ul ulee ire irevb vb ma mahb hblk lkge ge eh rg rgõû õûl. l. ^ere saorbvgvgr has jçmgkas hb cel glmgkema qub rbqugbrb, uribltbjbltb, mb ul trelspheltb. Esgjgsja hb cel glmgkema qub, hejblteohbjbltb, par bh jajblta, la bxgstbl maleltbs mgspalgohbs. B_LB[]A bs ul bstumgeltb mbh ôhtgja kgkha mb Mbrbkca bl ule Rlgvbrsgmem pbruele. [u pemrb ce pbrmgma su bjphba y, par ha telta, la pamrå sbiugr bstumgelma. B_LB[]A sb bltbre bltrbierå mb he sgtuekgûl mb _EJÛL ha rgõalbs ouske. Ejoas ekubrmel ha sgiugbltb4 B_LB[]A e _EJÛL ula mb ysus y e kejoga _EJÛL

 

bltrbierå e B_LB[]A he suje mb R[$ 52,>>>.>>, jalta su`gkgbltb pere qub B_LB[]A B_L B[]A pub pubme me kuh kuhjgl jgler er sus bst bstumg umgas as ulg ulgvbr vbrsgt sgterga ergas. s. [bi [biôl ôl ha pek pektem tema, a, he bl bltr trbi biee mb he suj suje mb mgl mglbr bra a sb b`bk b`bkttue uerå rå hubi hubia a mb he apbr apbrek ekgû gûl l, kalkrbtejbltb mbltra mb has quglkb (52) mêes sgiugbltbs qub _EJÛL sbe mema mb ehte y oeda he kalmgkgûl mb qub bh trelspheltb sbe bxgtasa. Bstb ekubrma kalste bl ul makujblta qub bs suskrgta par ejoas. Bh trelspheltb sb rbehgze kal çxgta. E has quglkb mêes mbh ehte, B_LB[]A ouske e _EJÛL, qub bstå kaja lubva, y hb rbkheje bh peia mb has R[$ 52,>>>.>>. _EJÛL sb lgbie. B_LB[]A B_LB []A gl gltb tbrp rpal albb ule ule mb mbje jelm lmee du dumg mgkge kgehh bx bxgi gigb gblm lma a bh kujp kujphghgjg jgbl blta ta mb mbhh kaltreta suskrgta kal _EJÛL. Rstbm bs dubz ±Kûja rbsahvbrêe1 5;. 5;.

^_G ^_GJR JR[ [ kbh kbhbo bore re ka kal l [BK [BKRL RLMR MR[ [ ul kal kaltr tret eta a mb kaj kajpre prevb vblt ltee bl vg vgrt rtum um mb mbhh kue kuehh bh prgjbra sb aohgie e trels`brgrhb eh sbiulma he prapgbmem mbh eutajûvgh kal pheke HGO-;=2. Bh prbkga ekarmema bs mb R[$ ?2,>>>.>>. He bl bltr trbi biee mb mbhh eu euta tajû jûvg vghh sb rbe rbehghgze zerê rêee e has has trbg trbglt ltee mêes mêes sgiu sgiugb gblt ltbs bs mb he suskrgpkgûl mbh kaltreta. Eh jajblta mb lbiakger bh kaltreta hes pertbs sb pheltbel bh kesa qub eltbs mb he bltrbie bh eutajûvgh sb pgbrme sgl kuhpe mb hes pertbs. La aosteltb, hes pertbs kalsgmbrel qub bh ertêkuha 55;3¾ mbh Kûmgia Kgvgh orglme ule sahukgûl embkueme e mgkca supubsta par ha qub kalsgmbrel gllbkbserga glkarparerha eh makujblta kaltrektueh (bh ertêkuha bsteohbkb qub bl teh kesa bh mbumar pgbrmb bh mbrbkca e he kaltreprbstekgûl). ]rbs mêes mbspuçs mb suskrgta bh kaltreta sb puohgke bl bh Mgerga A`gkgeh Bh ^bruela ule Hby qub jamg`gke mg`brbltbs ertêkuhas mbh Kûmgia Kgvgh, bltrb bhhas bh 55;3¾. He jamg`gkekgûl mbh ertêkuha 55;3¾ bsteohbkb qub, bl kesa mb pçrmgme mbh ogbl kgbrta sgl kuhpe mb hes pertbs eltbs mb he bltrbie, bh mbumar tgblb mbrbkca e he kaltreprbstekgûl. Bh eutajûvgh sb pgbrmb sgl kuhpe mb hes pertbs y ^_GJR[ rbkheje e [BKRLMR[ bh peia mbh prbkga mb ekubrma kal bh lubva ertêkuha 55;3¾ mbh Kûmgia Kgvgh. [BKRLMR[ hb kalsuhte sg rbsuhte mb ephgkekgûl bh ertêkuha 55;3¾ mbraiema a bh lubva. ^ere rbspalmbr tblie bl kalsgmbrekgûl bh ertêkuha ?5?>¾ y ?5?5¾ mbh Kûmgia Kgvgh. ]blgblma ]blgbl ma bl kal kalsgm sgmbrek brekgûl gûl su rbsp rbspubs ubste te bxp bxphgq hgqub ub kuå kuåhh bs he kal kalsbku sbkublk blkge ge rbspbkta e he `ulkgûl mb hes larjes suphbtarges qub cbjas vgsta bl khesb.

 

]_E@GKEL]B[ MB [ELI_B

(Ertêkuha puohgkema bl bh Mgerga Bh Kajbrkga)  ‘He bl`brjbre rbulgû e has pergbltbs mbh pekgbltb y hbs mgda4 ‘Bs care mb ousker e has vbrmembras ejgias, lbkbsgtejas kuetra ulgmembs mb selirb, ye qub la cey su`gkgbltb bl lubstra oelka y mbpblmb mb ustbmbs bh çxgta mb he apbrekgûl‚. Bskbles kaja çstes sal kajulbs bl has caspgtehbs. Bh pergbltb mbsbspbrema kajgblze e ousker ejgias qub malbl, pbra la sgbjprb sal `åkghbs mb uogker. Bs bl bsb jajblta qu qubb eku ekumb mbl l e sudb sudbta tass gl glbs bskr kru upuha puhasa sass qub, qub, e pb pbse serr mb bste bsterr pr prac acgo gogm gmee he kajbrkgehgzekgûl ha ôlgka qub ouskel bs hukrer kal he lbkbsgmem mb he ibltb y a`rbkbl su selirb. Glkhusa, suokaltretel e atres pbrsales, jukces mb bhhes mraiemgktes a mbhglkubltbs, y pgmbl e kejoga irelmbs sujes. Bs mbkgr, eltb he uriblkge sb karrb bh rgbsia mb emqugrgr selirb kaltejgleme kal ehiule bl`brjbmem blmavblase4 [gme. E pbser mb he vgiblkge mb he Hby ?0=2=, paka sb ce cbkca pere brremgker he vblte ghbieh mb selirb. Bh Kajbrkga kajpraoû qub bl has jgsjas caspgtehbs vgsgtemas cekb mas eõas y bl atras, e pbser qub e sgjphb vgste has oelkas mb selirb orglmel ul jbdar sbrvgkga, tamevêe bxgstbl pbrsales qub sb mbmgkel e a`rbkbrhe eh jbdar pastar. LBIAKGA @ÅKGH E_TAOG[^A HAEWTE W KEWB]ELA CB_BMGE

Bl bh Caspgteh Erzaogspa Haeyze, la las mbjarû jukca uogker e has tre`gkeltbs. Eh prbiulter e he pbrsale qub meoe gl`arjbs bl bh jgsja oelka mb selirb ekbrke mb kûja pamêejas pamêejas kalsbiu kalsbiugr gr he ‘A‚ pasgtgv pasgtgva a ‛ he _C lbiet lbietgva gva bs jås bskese y jås kere, epraxgjemejbltb, ?>> sahbs he ulgmem ‛ las mgda qub bl bh pesemgza, e ulas kueltas jbtras mb ehhê, verges pbrsales las he pamêel `ekghgter. B`bktgvejbltb, ceoêe ul davbl qub bsteoe bspbrelma e ule sbõare qub ha ceoêe kaltretema. ‘[g qugbrbs ya tb pubma vb vblm lmbr br seli selirb rb,, ±k ±kuå uålt lta a lbkb lbkbsg sgte tes1, s1, las las prbi prbiul ultû tû jgbl jgbltr tres es las las ja jast streo reoee sus sus makujbltas y esbiureoe sbr bl`brjbra mbh caspgteh Keybtela Cbrbmge.  ‘La cey praohbje kal jg selirb parqub kaja vbrål say ule pbrsale sele y kal bxpbrgblkge. Embjås, tblia kajpeõbras qub tejogçl tb pubmbl eyumer‚. Bh davbl mb ?2 eõas las prbtblmêe kaorer ceste 0> sahbs par ulgmem (epraxgjemejbltb jbmga hgtra mb selirb) mb _C A pasgtgva a he ulgvbrseh6 y las kgtû bl bh caspgteh Keybtela Cbrbmge pere kaltekterlas kal sus ejgias y kuhjgler bh treta. Ekumgjas e mgkca caspgteh pere vbrg`gker sg ehhê tejogçl sb rbehgze bh trå`gka mb selirb y las mgjas kal he sarprbse qub, leme jblas, ule mb hes eibltbs mb sbiurgmem qub kustamgeoe bh oelka mb selirb las pamêe mer bh meta mb kûja kajprerhe. ‘Jgre tblia ul ejgia qub vgblb mas vbkbs e he sbjele, pbra ye sb ce gma, sgl bjoeria, vay e hhejer e atra qub pubmb vblmbrtb selirb‚, las mgda he eibltb. Bspbrejas y las hhbvû cekge ule pubrte mbh gltbrgar mbh caspgteh malmb prbiultejas par ul teh _eôh, tejogçl jgbjora mb sbiurgmem qub sb blkaltreoe bl bh cehh mb has eskblsarbs mbh prgjbr pgsa. Çh las kalmuda e ul kastema y las bxphgkû qub pamêe mbder ‘he ulgmem mb A pasgtgva e 3> sahbs, la cey praohbje parqub ye cb ‘malema‚ trbs vbkbs. Glkhusa, jg selirb ce sehgma ogbl bl has elåhgsgs y sg tblia qub gr eh caspgteh malmb tgblbs e tu pekgbltb hb pgma pbrjgsa e jg db`b pere qub jb mbdb gr‚.

 

JE]B_LGMEM W MA[ MB JEWA

^bra, la sûha bl bstas mas caspgtehbs bxgstb bstb tgpa mb kajbrkga ghêkgta. Bl bh Glstgtuta Jetbrla Jetbrl a ^brgleteh (Jetbrlgm (Jetbrlgmem em mb Hgje) bh pelare pelareje je bs sgjghe sgjgher. r. Ehhê, sbiôl las kaltû lubvejbltb ul eibltb mb sbiurgmem mbh jgsja glstgtuta, sb kaore mb 2> e 0> sahbs par ulgmem mb selirb tgpa A pasgtgve. ]ejogçl, las jelg`bstû qub kal `rbkublkge vgblbl ulas davblkgtas mb he kehhb qub ‘malel‚ selirb pbra kaja rbkgçl cel mema rbirbserêel bl mas jbsbs (has jçmgkas rbkajgblmel qub pesb ul pbrgama mb, par ha jblas, trbs jbsbs). Bl tama kesa, las esbiureral, qub bhhas jgsja pamêel prbstersb pere mer bh sbrvgkga. Ehhê la qubmû he kase. Bl bh caspgteh Mas mb Jeya, bl phbla pesemgza `rbltb eh oelka mb selirb, ul sbõar, oeda, trgiubõa, mb kaltbxture irubse y epergblkge sehumeohb4 sb ekbrkû cekge lasatras y las prbiultû sgl lgliôl rbpera sg mbsbåoejas selirb. ‘]b pubmb kaster bltrb 0> y 3> sahbs, tb ceia rboede parqub atras kaorel jås. ]blia has pepbhbss mb ul elåhgsgs qub rbkgçl jb ekeoa mb cekbr (kuorb su oreza kal ul traza mb pepbhb ehiamûl) embjås, tblia kglka ulgmembs mgspalgohbs‚. ±La seob qub bstå pracgogma vblmbrr selirb vblmb selirb1, 1, hb prbiulte prbiultejas jas y juy mbsprbaku mbsprbakupema pema las rbspal rbspalmgû mgû qub kaja bl bh oelka mb selirb la ceoêe, e he ibltb la hb qubmeoe jås qub kajprer. Bh sûha cekêe ul `evar.  Ha kgbrta bs qub e pbser mb hes pracgogkgalbs mb hby y mb hes selkgalbs qub pubmbl rbkebr bleutargmem has tre`gkeltbs, esê kaja bl bh jçmgka rbspalseohb y he prapge glstgtukgûl, lgliule kajpbtbltb ce mbkgmgma kaltraher y brremgker he vblte ghbieh mb selirb. Bs jås, bh jgsja pbrsaleh mb has caspgtehbs seob qub sb bstå kajbrkgehgzelma y mb jelbre grrbspalseohb blkuorb bh cbkca qub telta pbrdumgke e he paohekgûl, pubs sb cel mema kesas bl qub has maleltbs vblmbl selirb kaltejgleme‚.