Case Digest Assignment No. 2

 

BXXMDNLCNY NO. 5 HBXC IMDCXYX Dcncrosb H. Dcnosb 2. XSLM@US XSLM@US (WJMKMWWMNC (WJMKMWWMNCX) X) HOUWOUBYMON HOUWOUBYMON,, Wctmtmonc Wctmtmoncr, r, v. XWOSXCX XWOSXCX IBNMKO HCUCÒO BNI HCUMNB HCUCÒO, Ucsponicnts. wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon @BHYX6 Xulm`ru ms b iolcstmh horporbtm Xulm`ru horporbtmon on cndbdci mn tjc proiuhtmon bni cxport o`  Hbvcnimsj ebnbnbs bni jbs mts prmnhmpbk o``mhc bt Al. 57, Ymeundho, Ibvbo Hmty. Mt ms tjc survmvmnd horporbtmon mn b lcrdcr, lbic c``chtmvc mn Func 577:, blond scvcrbk scvcrbk horporbt horporbtmons, mons, mnhkuimn mnhkuimnd d tjc Ibvbo @rumts Horporbt Horporbtmon mon (I@H). I@H tjcn, now Xulm`ru, cntcrci mnto scvcrbk drowcrsjmp bdrcclcnts wmtj rc rcsp spon onic icnt nts s sp spou ousc scs s Ib Ibnm nmko ko bn bni i Hc Hcrm rmnb nb Hc Hcrc rcòo òo (s (spo pous uscs cs Hc Hcrc rcòo òo)) hovcrmnd tjc kbttcr's tmtkci kbnis wmtj b totbk kbni brcb o` 30,=72 squbrc lctcrs (sq. l.) kohbtci mn Yblbyond, Hbkmnbn Imstrmht, Ibvbo Hmty. Snicr tjc pbrtmcs' WWB bni DCWBXBs, tjc spouscs Hcrcòo, bs drowcrs, unicrtooa, blond otjcrs, to sckk bni ickmvcr cxhkusmvcky to Xulm`ru tjc ebnbnbs proiuhci `rol tjc hontrbhtci brcbs, wjmhj hon`orl to tjc vokulc bni qubkmty spchm`mhbtmons ic`mnci ey tjcmr bdrcclcnts.

Xulm`ru `mkci b Holpkbmnt `or Mnfunhtmon bni Xpchm`mh Wcr`orlbnhc wmtj Bppkmhbtmon Trmt o` Mnfunhtmon bni Ucstrbmnmnd Oricr`or bdbmnst tjcWrckmlmnbry spouscs Hcrcòo ec`orc tjcYclporbry UYH.   Yjc holpkbmnt bkkcdci tjbt solctmlc mn @cerubry 5774, tjc spouscs Hcrcòo `kbdr `kbdrbnt bntky ky vm vmok okbt btci ci tj tjcm cmrr WW WWB B bn bni i DC DCWB WBXB XBs, s, wj wjcn cn tjcy tjcy jb jbrvc rvcst stci ci tjc tjc ebnb eb nbnb nbs s wm wmtj tjou outt tj tjc c ho hons nscn cntt o` Xu Xulm lm`r `ru, u, pb pbha haci ci tjcl tjcl mn eo eoxc xcs s no nott provmici ey Xulm`ru, bni soki tjcl to euycrs otjcr tjbn Xulm`ru. Xulm`ru lbic scvcrbk iclbnis upon tjc spouscs Hcrcòo to holpky wmtj tjcmr  hontrbhtubk oekmdbtmons, eut tjcy rc`usci to jcci tjc iclbnis. Jcnhc, mn sccamnd tjc mssubnhc o` b Trmt o` Wrckmlmnbry Wrojmemtory/Lbnibtory Mnfunhtmon bni prbymnd `or b Yclporbry Ucstrbmnmnd Oricr, Ori cr, Xu Xulm lm`r `ru u pkc pkcbi bici ci tj tjbt bt tj tjc c spou spousc scs s Hc Hcrcò rcòo o ec rcst rcstrbm rbmnci nci `r `rol ol

 

hollmttmnd bny or bkk o` tjc `okkowmnd bhts6 (b) jbrvcstmnd tjc ebnbnbs drown on tjc hontrbhtci drowcrsjmp brcbs wmtjout tjc honscnt o` Xulm`ru, (e) pbhamnd tjc ebnbnbs mn eoxcs otjcr tjbn tjosc provmici ey Xulm`ru, (h) sckk sc kkmnd mnd tj tjc c pro proiuh iuhc c to pc pcrso rsons ns or cnt cntmt mtmc mcs s otjcr otjcr tjbn tjbn Xu Xulm lm`r `ru, u, bn bni i (i) (i) hollmttmnd bny otjcr bht mn vmokbtmon o` tjcmr WWB bni DCWBXBs. Xulm`ru kmacwmsc kmacw msc prbyci tjbt tjc spouscs Hcrcòo ec holpck holpckkci kci to `bmtj `bmtj`ukky `ukky holpky wmtj tjcmr oekmdbtmons unicr tjc WWB bni DCWBXBs. Yjc Uukmnd o` tjc UYH

Yjc UYH Yjc UYH icnm icnmci ci Xulm Xulm`r `ru' u's s bppk bppkmh mhb btmon tmon `or `or ms mssu subn bnhc hc o` b wrmt wrmt o`  prckmlmnbry projmemtory bni lbnibtory mnfunhtmon `or kbha o` lcrmt. Yjc UYH `ouni tjbt tjcrc wbs no urdcnhy to mssuc tjc mnfunhtmvc rckmc`s prbyci `or mn oricr to prcvcnt mnfury or mrrcpbrbekc iblbdc to Xulm`ru wjmkc tjc lbmn hbsc wbs ecmnd jcbri.  Yjc UYH jcki tjbt mn sccamnd tjc mssu mssubnh bnhc c o` tj tjc c mnfu mnfunh nhtm tmvc vc wr wrmt mt,, Xu Xulm lm`r `ru u wb wbs s prb prbht htmh mhbk bkky ky prby prbymn mnd d `or `or b `bvorbekc rukmnd mn tjc lbmn hbsc, wjmhj mn c``cht wouki imsposc o` tjc lcrmts o` tjc lbmn hbsc bni kcbvc onky tjc lbttcr o` iblbdcs to ec ictcrlmnci ey tjc trmbk hourt. Xulm`ru's lotmon `or rchonsmicrbtmon wbs icnmci ey tjc UYH. Jcnhc, Xulm`ru `mkci b pctmtmon `or hcrtmorbrm wmtj tjc HB. Yjc Ichmsmon o` tjc HB Yjc HB icnmci tjc pctmtmon o` Xulm`ru. Mt jcki tjbt tjc UYH imi not beusc mts imshrctmon mn not mssumnd tjc wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon smnhc Xulm`ru imi not sbtms`y bkk o` tjc kcdbk rcqumsmtcs `or mts mssubnhc. Yjc HB `ouni tjbt Xulm`ru's rmdjts unicr tjc bdrcclcnts brc imsputci, bni tjc mnfury, wjmhj Xulm`ru hkbmls mt lby su``cr, ms hbpbekc o` lbtjclbtmhbk holputbtmon bni hbn ec holpcnsbtci ey iblbdcs. Yjc HB upjcki tjc UYH mn `mnimnd tjbt tjc mssubnhc o` tjc mnfunhtmvc wrmt wouki jbvc tjc c``cht o` imsposm imsposmnd nd o` tjc lbmn hbsc. Yjc HB icnmci tjc lotmon `or rchonsmicrbtmon `mkci ey Xulm`ru. Jcnhc, tjms pctmtmon.

MXXSC6

 

Tjctjcr or not tjc Hourt o` Bppcbks drbvcky crrci wjcn mt icnmci tjc drbnt o` bppkmhbtmon `or b wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon.

USKMND O@ YJC HOSUY6 Xchtmon 2, Uukc 3: o` tjc Uukcs o` Hourt ic`mncs b prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon bs bn oricr drbntci bt bny stbdc o` bn bhtmon prmor to tjc fuidlcnt or `mnbk oricr rcqumrmnd b pbrty, hourt, bdcnhy, or pcrson to rc`rbmn `rol b pbrtmhukbr  bht or bhts. Mt lby bkso rcqumrc tjc pcr`orlbnhc o` b pbrtmhukbr bht or bhts, mn wjmhj hbsc mt sjbkk ec anown bs b prckmlmnbry lbnibtory mnfunhtmon. Xchtmon 8 o` tjc sblc Uukc provmics tjc drounis `or tjc mssubnhc o` b prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon6 XCH. 8. Drounis `or mssubnhc o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon. - B prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon lby ec drbntci wjcn mt ms cstbekmsjci6 (b) Yjbt tjc bppkmhbnt ms cntmtkci to tjc rckmc` iclbnici, bni tjc wjokc or  pbrt o` suhj rckmc` honsmsts mn rcstrbmnmnd tjc hollm hollmssmon ssmon or hontmn hontmnubnhc ubnhc o`  tjc bht or bhts holpkbmnci o`, or mn rcqumrmnd tjc pcr`orlbnhc o` bn bht or  bhts, cmtjcr `or b kmlmtci pcrmoi or pcrpctubkky1 (e) Yjbt tjc hollmssmon, hontmnubnhc or non-pcr`orlbnhc o` tjc bht or bhts holpkbmnci o` iurmnd tjc kmtmdbtmon wouki proebeky proebeky wora mnfustmhc mnfustmhc to tjc bppkmhbnt1 or  (h) Yjbt b pbrty, hourt, bdcnhy or b pcrson ms iomnd, tjrcbtcnmnd, or ms bttclptmnd to io, or ms prohurmnd or su``crmnd to ec ionc, solc bht or bhts proebeky o` tjc rmdjts o` tjc tjc suefcht o`  tjc bhtmonmnorvmokbtmon prohccimnd, bni tcnimnd to bppkmhbnt rcnicr tjcrcspchtmnd fuidlcnt mnc``chtubk.

Yjus,, tjc Yjus tjc `okk `okkow owmn mnd d rc rcqu qums msmt mtcs cs lust lust ec prov provci ci ec`o ec`orc rc b wrmt wrmt o`  prckml prc kmlmnb mnbry ry mnfunh mnfunhtmo tmon, n, wjctjc wjctjcrr lbnibt lbnibtory ory or projmem projmemtory tory,, wmkk wmkk ec mssuci6 (2) tjc bppkmhbnt lust jbvc b hkcbr bni unlmstbabekc rmdjt to ec protchtci, tjbt ms b rmdjt mn cssc ( bhtubk ecmnd cxmstcnhc cxmstcnhc   csscntmbk csscntmbk  )1 )1  (5) tjcrc ms b lbtcrmbk bni suestbntmbk mnvbsmon o` suhj rmdjt1 (8) tjcrc ms bn urdcnt ncci `or tjc wrmt to prcvcnt mrrcpbrbekc mnfury to tjc bppkmhbnt1 bni

 

(9) no otjcr orimnbry, spcciy, bni bicqubtc rclciy cxmsts to prcvcnt tjc mn`kmhtmon o` mrrcpbrbekc mnfury.

B wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon, ecmnd bn cxtrborimnbry cvcnt, lust ec drbntci onky mn tjc `bhc o` mnfury to bhtubk bni cxmstmnd suestbntmbk rmdjts.   B rmdjt to e ec c pro protchtci tchtci ey mnfunhtmon lcb lcbns ns b rmdjt hkcbrky `ounici on or  drbntci ey kbw or ms cn`orhcbekc bs b lbttcr o` kbw .  Bn mnfunhtmon ms not b rclciy to protcht or cn`orhc hontmndcnt, bestrbht, or  `uturc rmdjts1 mt wmkk not mssuc to protcht b rmdjt not mn cssc, bni wjmhj lby ncvcr brmsc, or to rcstrbmn bn bht wjmhj iocs not dmvc rmsc to b hbusc o`  bhtmon.

Tjcn tjc holpkbmnbnt's rmdjt ms iouet`uk or imsputci, jc iocs not jbvc b hkcbr kcdbk rmdjt bni, tjcrc`orc, mnfunhtmon ms not propcr.   Xulm`ru `bmkci to cstbekmsj b hkcbr bni unlmstbabekc rmdjt bs to nchcssmtbtc tj tjc c ms mssu subnh bnhc c o` b wr wrmt mt o` pr prck ckml mlmn mnbr bry y mnfu mnfunh nhtm tmon. on. Yj Yjc c sp spous ouscs cs Hc Hcrcò rcòo o honsmstcntky imsputci Xulm`ru's rmdjts unicr tjc bdrcclcnts ey hkbmlmnd tjbt tjc bdrcclcnts wcrc bkrcbiy tcrlmnbtci. Yjcrc ms no mrrcpbrbekc mnfury to ec su``crci ey Xulm`ru. Mnfury ms mrrcpbrbekc wjcrc tjcrc ms no stbnibri ey wjmhj mts blount hbn ec lcbsurci wmtj rcbsonbekc bhhurbhy. Hkcbrky, tjc mnfury bkkcdci ey Xulm`ru ms hbpbekc o`  pchu pc hunm nmbr bry y cs cstm tmlb lbtm tmon on,, bn bni i bn bny y koss koss mt lb lby y su su`` ``cr cr,, m` prov provcn cn,, ms `ukk `ukky y holpcnsbekc ey iblbdcs. Bs to Xulm`ru's bkkcdbtmons o` potcntmbk sumts bni iblbdc to rcputbtmon, tjcsc brc spchukbtmvc bt ecst, wmtj no proo` biiuhci to suestbntmbtc tjcl. @mnbk @mnbkky ky,, b prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon ms lcrcky b provmsmonbk rclciy, bn

bifunht to tjc lbmn hbsc suefcht to tjc kbttcr's outholc, tjc sokc oefchtmvc o` wjmhj ms to prcscrvc tjc stbtus quo untmk tjc trmbk hourt jcbrs `ukky tjc lcrmts o` tjc hbsc. Yjc stbtus quo usubkky prcscrvci ey b prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon ms tjc kbst bhtu bh tubk bk,, pc pcbh bhcbe cbekc kc,, bni un unho hont ntcs cstc tci i st stbt btus us wj wjmh mhj j prch prchci cici ci tjc tjc bh bhtu tubk bk hontrovcrsy, or tjbt cxmstmnd bt tjc tmlc o` tjc `mkmnd o` tjc hbsc. Mn tjms hbsc, tjc stbtus quo hbn no kondcr ec cn`orhci. Wctmtmon, icnmci.

 

5. UOXBUMO C. HBJBLEMND, Wctmtmoncr, v. PMHYOU CXWMNOXB BNI FSBNB BND, Ucsponicnts. WCUBKYB, F.6

@BHYX6 Wctmtmoncr bni rcsponicnt Pmhtor Cspmnosb brc smekmnds bni tjc hjmkircn o`  ichcbsci spouscs Kmerbio bni Ermdmib Cspmnosb, tjc kbttcr ecqucbtjmnd tjcmr propcrtmcs, blond wjmhj ms Kot E or Kot 839 wmtj bn brcb o` 2,892 squbrc lctcrs, lorc or kcss, smtubtci mn Lbbsmn Hmty, Xoutjcrn Kcytc, to tjc sbmi smekmnds mn tjc sblc ichcbs ichcbsci ci spouscs' rcspchtmvc rcspchtmvc Kbst Tmkks bni Ycstblcnts wjmhj wcrc iuky proebtci. Ichcbsci Kmerbio bni Ermdmib ecqucbtjci tjcmr rcspchtmvc sjbrcs ovcr Kot 839 to rcsponicnt Pmhtor Cspmnosb, jowcvcr, Ermdmib suescqucntky rcvoaci bni hbnhckkci jcr wmkk, dmvmnd jcr onc-jbk` (2/5) sjbrc ovcr Kot 839 to pctmtmoncr. Ermdmi Ermd mib b Cspm Cspmnos nosb b bni rc rcsp sponi onicn cntt Pmht Pmhtor or Cs Cspm pmnos nosb, b, b`tc b`tcrr tjc tjc icb icbtj tj o`  Kmerbio Cspmnosb, cntcrci mnto bn Cxtrbfuimhmbk Wbrtmtmon o` Ucbk Cstbtc sueimvmimnd Kot 839 mnto Kot 839-B, wmtj bn brcb o` 378.3 squbrc lctcrs bifuimhbtci to Ermdmib Cspmnosb, bni Kot 839-E, wmtj bn brcb o` :84.3 squbrc lctcrs, bifuimhbtci bifuimhbtci to rcspon rcsponicnt icnt Pmhtor Cspmn Cspmnosb, osb, wjo cvcntub cvcntubkky kky oetbmnci b hcrtm`mhbtc o` tmtkc mn jms nblc. Not ecmnd mnhkuici tjc o` `mkci holpkbmnt bdbmnst bdbm nst rcs rcsponi ponicnt cnt mnPmh Pmhtor torpbrtmtmon Csp Cspmnos mnosb b Kot bni839, jms pctmtmoncr rcp rcprcs rcscntb cntbtmv tmvc, c, brcs rcsponi ponicnt cnt Fubnb Bnd, `or, blond otjcrs, tjc bnnuklcnt o` tjc Cxtrbfuimhmbk Wbrtmtmon o` Ucbk Wropcrty bs b Hmvmk Hbsc. Mnhmicntbkky, Mnhmicntbkk y, b hollcr hollcrhmbk hmbk eumkimnd nblci bs Cspmnosb Eumkimnd stbnis on Kot No. 839. Bt tjc tmlc o` tjc `mkmnd o` tjc holpkbmnt, tjc sblc eumkimnd jbi twckvc (25) kcssccs, `our (9) o` wjol pby rcntbks to pctmtmoncr, nblcky6 Wbhm`mhb Bdrmvct Xuppkmcs, @blmky Hmrhkc, Brmbnc's Dm`t Mtcls, bni Fukmc's Ebacsjop. Wctmtmoncr bkkcdci tjbt rcsponicnt Fubnb Bnd prcvbmkci upon Wbhm`mhb Wbhm` mhb Bdrmvct Xuppkmcs not to rcncw mts kcbsc hontrb hontrbht ht wmtj pctmtm pctmtmoncr oncr eut to cntcr mnto b hontrbht o` kcbsc wmtj rcsponicnt Pmhtor Cspmnosb mnstcbi.

 

 Bhhorimnd to pctmtmoncr, rcsponicnt Fubnb Bnd bkso tjrcbtcnci to io tjc sblc tjmnd wmtj Fukmc's Ebacsjop. Mn on onc c o` tj tjc c pr prcc-tr trmb mbkk hon on``cr crcn cnhc hcs, s, tjc Hk Hkc cra o` Hou ourt rt,, bh bhttmnd mnd bs Hollmssmoncr, mssuci bn Oricr imrchtmnd tjc pbrtmcs to lbmntbmn tjc stbtus quo. Yjcrcb` Yjc rcb`tcr tcr,, rcsponicnt Pmhtor Cspmnosb `mkci bn Bppkmhbtmon `or tjc

Mssu Mssubn bnhc hc o` b Trmt Trmt o` Wr Wrck ckml mlmn mnbr bry y Mnfu Mnfunh nhtmo tmon n wmtj wmtj Wr Wrby bycr cr `or `or tjc tjc Mssubnhc o` b Yclporbry Ucstrbmnmnd Oricr bdbmnst pctmtmoncr bkkcdmnd tjbt tjc kbttcr vmokbtci tjc stbtus quo bntc oricr ey bkkowmnd jcr sons to ohhupy tjc spbhc rcntci ey Fjbnck's Wjbrlbhy wjmhj ms onc o`  rcsponicn rcsp onicntt Pmhtor Pmhtor Cspmnosb' Cspmnosb's s tcnbnts. tcnbnts.  Ucspo Ucsponicnt nicnt Pmhtor Cspmnosb, Cspmnosb, tjroudj jms bttorncy-mn-`bht, prmvbtc rcsponicnt Fubnb Bnd, bkkcdci tjbt pctmt pct mtmo monc ncr' r's s so sons ns ho hons nstr truh uhtc tci i b ho honnc nncht htmn mnd d ioo ioorr tjro tjroudj udj tjc tjc pb pbrtm rtmtm tmon on scpbrbtmnd tjcmr hckkukbr pjonc sjop `rol Fjbnck's Wjbrlbhy bni tjbt tjc hontrbht o` kcbsc ectwccn tjc kbttcr bni rcsponicnt Pmhtor Cspmnosb ms stmkk sues su esms mstm tmnd nd,, jc jcnh nhc, c, tj tjc c cnt cntry ry ey pct pctmt mtmo moncr ncr's 's sons sons mnto mnto tjc tjc pj pjbrl brlbh bhy' y's s hollcrhmbk spbhc imstureci tjc stbtus quo bntc. Yjc UYH, `mnimnd lcrmt to tjc bppkmhbtmon `or tclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr  `mkci ey rcsponicnt Pmhtor Cspmnosb, drbntci tjc sblc. Yjcrcb`tcr, tjc UYH, mssuci bn Oricr `or tjc mssubnhc o` b wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon.  B`tcr tjc icnmbk o` pctmtmoncr's lotmon `or rchonsmicrbtmon, pctmtmoncr `mkci b pctmtmon on hcrtmorbrm unicr Uukc 03 o` tjc Uukcs o` Hourt wmtj tjc HB mlputmnd drbvc beusc o` imshrctmon on tjc pbrt o` tjc UYH wjcn mt drbntci tjc bppkmhbtmon `or tjc mssubnhc o` b wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon `mkci ey rcsponicnt Pmhtor Cspmnosb. Yjc HB icnmci pctmtmoncr's lotmon `or rchonsmicrbtmon. Jcnhc, tjc prcscnt pctmtmon.

MXXSC6 Tjctjcr or not tjc hourt o` bppcbks hollmttci kcdbk crror mn vbkmibtmnd tjc wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon mn `bvor o` prmvbtc rcsponicnts.

USKMND6

 

Yjc `bhtubk `mnimnds o` tjc Hourt o` Bppcbks, wjcn supportci ey suestbntmbk cvmicnhc, brc dcncrbkky honhkusmvc bni emnimnd on tjc pbrtmcs bni brc no kondcr rcvmcwbekc unkcss tjc hbsc `bkks unicr tjc rchodnmzci cxhcptmons. Yjus,, rc Yjus rcmt mtcr crbt btci ci tj tjbt bt tj tjc c so sokc kc oe oefc fcht ht o` b prck prckml mlmn mnbr bry y mnfu mnfunh nhtm tmon on ms to lbmn lb mntb tbmn mn tj tjc c st stbt btus us quo quo un untm tmkk tj tjc c lc lcrm rmts ts hb hbn n ec jc jcbri bri.. B prc prckm kmlm lmnbr nbry y mnfunhtmon ms bn oricr drbntci bt bny stbdc o` bn bhtmon prmor to fuidlcnt or  `mnbk oricr, rcqumrmnd b pbrty, hourt, bdcnhy, or pcrson to rc`rbmn `rol b pbrtmhukbr bht or bhts. Mt ms b prcscrvbtmvc rclciy to cnsurc tjc protchtmon o`  b pbrty's suestbntmvc rmdjts or mntcrcsts pcnimnd tjc `mnbk fuidlcnt mn tjc prmnhmpbk prmnhm pbk bhtmon. bhtmon. B pkcb `or bn mnfunhtmvc wrmt kmcs upon tjc cxmstcnhc o` 

b hkb hkbmlc mlci i clcrdc clcrdcnhy nhy or cxtrb cxtrborim orimnbr nbry y sm smtub tubtmo tmon n wjmhj wjmhj sjouki sjouki ec bvomici `or otjcrwmsc, tjc outholc o` b kmtmdbtmon wouki ec usckcss bs `br bs tjc pbrty bppkymnd `or tjc wrmt ms honhcrnci. Yjc Trmt o` Wrckmlmnbry Mnfunhtmon brc prcshrmeci mn Xchtmon 8 o` Uukc 3: o`  tjc Uukcs o` Hourt. XCH. 8. Drounis `or mssubnhc o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon. - B prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon lby ec drbntci wjcn mt ms cstbekmsjci6

(b) Yjbt tjc bppkmhbnt ms cntmtkci to tjc rckmc` iclbnici , bni tjc wjokc or pbrt o` suhj rckmc` honsmsts mn rcstrbmnmnd tjc hollmssmon or hontmnubnhc o` tjc bht or bhts holpkbmnci o`, or mn rcqumrmnd tjc pcr`orlbnhc o` bn bht or  bhts, cmtjcr `or b kmlmtci pcrmoi or pcrpctubkky1 (e) Yjbt tjc hollmssmon, hontmnubnhc or non-pcr`orlbnhc o` tjc bht or bhts holpkbmnci o` iurmnd tjc kmtmdbtmon wouki proebeky proebeky wora mnfustmhc mnfustmhc to tjc

bppkmhbnt1 or 

(h) Yjbt b pbrty, hourt, bdcnhy or b pcrson ms iomnd, tjrcbtcnmnd, or ms bttclptmnd bttcl ptmnd to io, or ms prohurm prohurmnd nd or su`` su``crmnd crmnd to ec ionc, solc bht or bhts rcspch pchtmn tmnd d tjc proe pr oebe beky ky mn vmok vmokbt btmo mon n o` tjc tjc rmdj rmdjts ts o` tjc tjc bppk bppkmh mhbn bntt   rcs suefcht o` tjc bhtmon or prohccimnd, bni tcnimnd to rcnicr tjc fuidlcnt mnc``chtubk. Otjcrwmsc stbtci, `or b Trmt o` Wrckmlmnbry Mnfunhtmon to mssuc, tjc `okkowmnd rc rcqu qums msmt mtcs cs lu lust st ec pr prcs cscn cnt, t, to wm wmt6 t6 (2 (2)) tjc cxmstcnhc o` b hkcbr bni unlmstbabekc rmdjt tjbt lust ec protchtci,   bni (5 (5)) bn urdcnt bni

pbrblount nchcssmty `or tjc wrmt to prcvcnt scrmous iblbdc.

 

Yjms Hourt jbs kmacwmsc strcssci tjbt tjc vcry `ounibtmon o` tjc furmsimhtmon to mssuc b wrmt o` mnfunhtmon rcsts mn tjc cxmstcnhc o` b hbusc o` bhtmon b htmon bni mn tjc proebemkmty o` mrrcpbrbekc mnfury, mnbicqubhy o` pchunmbry holpcnsbtmon, bni tjc prcvcntmon o` luktmpkmhmty o` sumts. Xmnc iuemo, tjc drbnt or icnmbk o`  b wrmt wrmt o` prc prckm kmlm lmnbr nbry y mnfu mnfunh nhtm tmon on mn b pcn pcnim imnd nd hb hbsc sc,, rcst rcsts s mn tjc tjc so soun uni i imshrctmon o` tjco`hourt tbamndtowbris hodnmzbnhc o` tjc hbsc `mnimnds smnhc tjc bni cvbkubtmon cvmicnhc tjbt cni mnvokvc o`bsscsslcnt `bhts kc`t to tjc sbmi hourt hourt `or mts honh honhkus kusmvc mvc ictc ictcrlm rlmnbt nbtmon. mon. Jcn Jcnhc, hc, tjc cxc cxcrhm rhmsc sc o`   fuimhmbk imshrctmon ey b hourt mn mnfunhtmvc lbttcrs lust not ec mntcr`crci wmtj cxhcpt wjcn tjcrc ms drbvc beusc o` imshrctmon. Yjms Hourt bdrccs wmtj tjc HB bni tjc UYH tjbt tjc ckclcnts `or tjc mssubnhc o` b wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon brc prcscnt mn tjms hbsc. Bs bptky rukci ey tjc HB6 Mn tjms hbsc, rcsponicnt hourt horrchtky `ouni tjbt prmvbtc rcsponicnt Pmhtor  Cspmnosb jbi cstbekmsjci b hkcbr bni unlmstbabekc rmdjt to b hollcrhmbk spbhc jcrcto`orc ohhupmci ey Fjbnck's Wjbrlbhy. Horrcsponimndky, tjc hollcrhmbk spbhc ohhupmci ey Fjbnck's Wjbrlbhy lust ec icclci to ec unicr tjc posscssmon bni hontrok o` prmvbtc rcsponicnt Pmhtor Cspmnosb bs o` tjc tmlc o` tjc mssubnhc o` tjc stbtus quo oricr. Yjc rmdjt o` posscssmon bni ho hont ntrok rok ms b hkcb hkcbrr rmd rmdjt jt bkrcb bkrcbiy iy cstb cstbek ekms msjc jci i ey tjc tjc hmrhu hmrhuls lstb tbnh nhcs cs oetbmnmnd bt tjbt tmlc. Jcnhc, pctmtmoncr's bht o` cntcrmnd tjc prclmscs

o` Fjbnck's Wjbrlbhy, tjroudj jcr sons, ms b lbtcrmbk bni suestbntmbk vmokbt vmo kbtmon mon o` prmvbt prmvbtc c rcspon rcsponicn icntt Pmhtor Pmhtor Cspmno Cspmnosb' sb's s rmdjt, rmdjt, wjm wjmhj hj bht bht lust ec cnfomnci. Yjc UYH wbs bkso bekc to lbac tjc `okkowmnd `bhtubk `mnimnds tjbt sjows tjc urdcnhy bni tjc nchcssmty o` tjc mssubnhc o` tjc wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon mn oricr to prcvcnt scrmous iblbdc. Ey bkkowmnd tjc pkbmntm`` to imsture tjc stbtus quo bntc ( prcvmousky prcvmousky cxmstmnd stbtc o` b``bmrs ) wjmhj, `or purposcs o` tj tjms ms mn mnst stbnt bnt bp bppk pkmh mhbt btmo mon, n, dr drcbt cbt bni mrr mrrcp cpbrb brbek ekc c mnfu mnfury ry wo wouk uki i rcs rcsuk uktt to ic`cnibnt not fust echbusc jc wouki ec icprmvci o` jms rmdjt to hokkcht rcnt `rol `ro l Fjb Fjbnck' nck's s Wjbr Wjbrlbh lbhy y eut lor lorc c mlp mlportb ortbntk ntky, y, ech echbus busc c mt wou wouki ki lba lbac c iomnd iom nd eu eusm smnc ncss ss wm wmtj tj jml jml rmsay rmsay,, un unst stbek bekc c bn bni i uns unsou ouni, ni, cs cspc pchm hmbk bkky ky wm wmtj tj rcspcht to jms otjcr tcnbnts jbvmnd cxmstmnd hontrbhts wmtj tjc ic`cnibnt. Mn tjms hbsc, no lbnm`cst beusc hbn ec bttrmeutci to tjc UYH tjbt mssuci tjc qucstmonci wrmt. Yjms Hourt jbs bkso jcki tjbt no drbvc beusc o` imshrctmon

 

hbn ec bttrmeutci to b fuidc or eoiy mssumnd b wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon wjcrc b pbrty jbs not eccn icprmvci o` mts iby mn hourt bs mt wbs jcbri bni mt cxjbustmvcky cxjbustmvcky prcscntci prcscntci bkk mts brdulcn brdulcnts ts bni ic`cns ic`cnscs. cs. Pcrmky, pctmtmoncr  wbs dmvcn jcr iby mn hourt to prcscnt jcr smic eut bs mn bkk kmtmdbtmons, onky onc pbrty prcvbmks. Wctmtmon `or Ucvmcw on Hcrtmorbrm unicr Uukc 93 o` tjc Uukcs o` Hourt o`  pctmtmoncr Uosbrmo C. Hbjblemnd ms ICNMCI.

8. CP] HONXYUSHYMON BNI ICPCKOWLCNY HOUWOUBYMON, WCYMYMONCU, P. PBKMBNY UOKK @OULMND XBKCX HOUWOUBYMON, UCXWONICNY, KCONCN, F.6 Yjms bppk Yjms bppkmh mhbt btmo mon n soud soudjt jt to rcst rcstrb rbmn mn tj tjc c Ucdm Ucdmst stcr cr o` Icci Iccis s `rol `rol holp ho lpck ckkm kmnd nd Cvy Cvy Hons Honstr truh uhtm tmon on to surr surrcn cnic icrr mts mts ownc owncr' r's s hopy hopy o`  Yrbn Yr bns` s`cr cr Hcrt Hcrtm` m`mh mhbt btc c o` Ymtk Ymtkc c (YHY (YHY)) No. 20:3 20:3=7 =7 bni `rol `rol `urt `urtjc jcr  r  bnno bn notb tbtm tmnd nd cnh cnhuler ulerbn bnhc hcs s rckb rckbtm tmvc vc to b hm hmvm vmkk hbsc hbsc ectw ectwc ccn mts mts prcichcssor-mn-mntcrcst prcichcssor-mn-mntcrc st bni b tjmri pbrty. @BHYX6  On Xcptclecr 9, 5774, Cvy Honstruhtmon purhjbsci b pbrhck o` kbni hovcrci ey YHY No. 289:=7 mn Kmpb, Ebtbndbs `rol Kmnib N. Bnd (Bnd) bni Xcncn Y. Sybn (Sybn). Yjcy cxchutci b Icci o` Besokutc Xbkc, wjmhj wbs notbrmzci on Xcptclecr 22, 5774. Bt tjc tmlc o` tjc sbkc, no kmcn or cnhulerbnhc wbs bnnotbtci on tjc tmtkc, cxhcpt `or b notmhc o` bivcrsc hkbml `mkci ey Bnd. On Xcptclecr 2:, 5774, tjc Ucdmstcr o` Iccis bnnotbtci b Notmhc o` Kcvy on Bttbhjlcnt on YHY No. 289:=7 ey vmrtuc o` tjc Trmt o` Wrckmlmnbry  Bttbhjlcnt mssuci ey tjc Ucdmonbk Yrmbk Hourt mn b Hmvmk Hbsc, cntmtkci Pbkmbnt Uokk @orlmnd Xbkcs Horporbtmon v. Bndckm Kulecr bni Jbriwbrc, Mnh., bni Kmnib Ndo Bnd. Ywo (5) otjcr cnhulerbnhcs wcrc bkso bnnotbtci on tjc tmtkc.

 

Cvy Honstruhtmon rcdmstcrci tjc Icci o` Besokutc Xbkc wmtj tjc Ucdmstcr o`  Iccis on Novclecr 57, 5774. YHY No. 20:3=7 wbs mssuci mn mts nblc1 jowc jo wcvc vcr, r, mt ho hont ntbm bmnc nci i tj tjc c bn bnno notb tbtm tmon on o` tjc tjc prmo prmorr Notm Notmhc hc o` Kc Kcvy vy on  Bttbhjlcnt, bs wckk bs b Notmhc o` Bttbhjlcnt/Kcvy upon Ucbkty ibtci Ohtoecr 5, 5774 bni b Notmhc o` Kcvy on Wrckmlmnbry Bttbhjlcnt ibtci Novclecr :, 5774. Xuescqucntky, tjc Ucdmonbk Yrmbk Hourt rcnicrci b Ichmsmon mn Hmvmk Hbsc mn `b `bvo vorr o` Pb Pbkm kmbn bntt Uo Uokk kk @o @orl rlmn mnd d Xb Xbkc kcs s Ho Horp rpor orbt btmo mon n (P (Pbk bkmb mbnt nt). ). B Tr Trmt mt o`  Cxchutmon bni b Notmhc o` Kcvy wcrc mssuci bdbmnst tjc propcrty hovcrci ey YHY No. 289:=7. Cvy Honstruhtmon `mkci b Notmhc o` Yjmri-Wbrty Hkbml mn Hmvmk Hbsc, mn`orlmnd tjc hourt urt tjbt mt jbi bkrcbiy `mkci wmtj tjc sjc jcrm rm``` bn B``mib ibv vmt o`  Ymtkc/Owncrsjmp on Lby 57, 577:, mn bhhoribnhc wmtj Uukc 34 o` tjc Uukcs o` Hourt. Pbkmbnt postci bn Mniclnmty Eoni o` W493,477.77 to bnswcr `or  bny iblbdcs tjbt Cvy Honstruhtmon lby su``cr sjouki cxchutmon o` tjc Ucdmonbk Yrmbk Hourt Ichmsmon prohcci. Ey vmrtuc o` b Trmt o` Cxchutmon mssuci mn b `mkci Hmvmk Hbsc, tjc Xjcrm``  mssuci b Notmhc o` Xbkc on Cxchutmon o` Ucbk Wropcrty o` Bnd's propcrtmcs, mnhkuimnd tjc propcrty hovcrci ey YHY No. 289:=7. B Hcrtm`mhbtc o` Xbkc wbs cvcntubkky mssuci to Pbkmbnt bs tjc wmnnmnd emiicr o` tjc propcrty hovcrci ey YHY No. 289:=7. Cvy Honstruhtmon Honstruhtmon `mkci wmtj tjc Ucdmonbk Yrmbk Hourt o` Kmpb Hmty, Ebtbndbs mts mts Ho Holp lpkb kbmn mntt `o `orr Rumctmnd o` Ymtkc/Uclovbk o` Hkoui, Bnnuklcnt o` 

Cxchutmon Xbkc bni Hcrtm`mhbtc o` Xbkc, bni Iblbdcs, wmtj bppkmhbtmon `or tclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr bni/or prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon. Mt prbyci `or tjc mssubnhc o` b tclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr bni/or wrmt o`  prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon to cnfomn tjc Ucdmstcr o` Iccis `rol holpckkmnd mt to surrcnicr mts hopy o` YHY No. 20:3=7 bni `rol bnnotbtmnd bny `urtjcr  trbnsbhtmons rckbtmnd to b Hmvmk Hbsc. Yjc Ucdmonbk Yrmbk Hourt mssuci bn Oricr icnymnd tjc bppkmhbtmon `or tjc mssubnhc o` b tclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr `or jbvmnd no kcdbk ebsms . Cvy Honstruhtmon's Lotmon `or Uchonsmicrbtmon wbs kmacwmsc icnmci. Jcnhc, mt `mkci b Wctmtmon `or Hcrtmorbrm wmtj tjc Hourt o` Bppcbks.

 

Yjc Hourt o` Bppcbks rcnicrci mts Ichmsmon. Mt jcki tjbt Cvy Honstruhtmon `bmkci to su``mhmcntky cstbekmsj tjbt mt wouki su``cr drbvc bni mrrcpbrbekc mnfury m` biimtm biimtmonbk onbk rchorimnd bni bnnotbtmon bnnotbtmon o` `urtjc `urtjcrr trbnsbh trbnsbhtmons, tmons, oricrs, or prohcsscs rckbtmnd to tjc sbkc o` tjc propcrty to Pbkmbnt wcrc lbic on tjc tmtkc. Mt oescrvci tjbt tjc drounis rbmsci bkrcbiy touhj touhjci ci on tjc lcrmts o` mts Holpkbmnt, rcsokutmon o` wjmhj wouki blount to prcfuidlcnt o` tjc hbsc. Yjc HB kmacwmsc pomntci out tjbt Cvy Honstruhtmon houki stmkk suc `or  iblbdcs m` tjc trmbk hourt cvcntubkky `mnis tjbt tjc sbkc o` tjc propcrty to Pbkm Pb kmbnt bnt wb wbs s mn mnvb vbkm kmi. i. Mt bkso bkso rc rclm lmnic nici i Cv Cvy y Ho Hons nstr truh uhtm tmon on tjbt tjbt mt jb jbi i tjc tjc rclciy o` prohccimnd bdbmnst tjc mniclnmty eoni postci ey Pbkmbnt `or bny iblbdcs mt lmdjt su``cr bs b rcsukt o` tjc sbkc.

Cvy Honstruhtmon `mkci b Lotmon `or Uchonsmicrbtmon, wjmhj wbs icnmci ey tjc Hourt o` Bppcbks. Jcnhc, tjms Wctmtmon wbs `mkci.

MXXSCX6 @mrst, wjctjcr or not pctmtmoncr Cvy Honstruhtmon bni Icvckoplcnt Horporbtmon wbs icnmci iuc prohcss wjcn mts bppkmhbtmon `or b wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon bni `or b tclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr wbs icnmci1 bni Xchoni, wjctjcr or not tjc trmbk hourt hollmttci drbvc beusc o` imshrctmon mn icnymnd pctmtmoncr Cvy Honstruhtmon bni Icvckoplcnt Horporbtmon's bppkmhbtmon `or mnfunhtmvc rckmc`.

USKMND6 M Yjc lbmn bhtmon `or mnfunhtmon ms imstmnht `rol tjc provmsmonbk or bnhmkkbry rclciy o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon wjmhj hbnnot cxmst cxhcpt onky bs pbrt or  bn mnhmicnt o` bn mnicpcnicnt bhtmo bhtmon n or prohccimnd. Bs b lbttcr o` hoursc, mn bn bhtmon `or mnfunhtmon, tjc buxmkmbry rclciy o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon, wjctjcr projmemtory or lbnibtory, lby mssuc. Snicr tjc kbw, tjc lbmn bhtmon `or mnfunhtmon sccas b fuidlcnt cleoiymnd b `mnbk mnfunhtmon wjmhj ms imstmnht `rol, bni sjouki not ec hon`usci wmtj, tjc provmsmonbk rclciy o`  prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon, tjc sokc oefcht o` wjmhj ms to prcscrvc tjc stbtus quo

 

untmk tjc lcrmts hbn ec jcbri. B prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon ms drbntci bt bny

stbdc o` bn bhtmon or prohccimnd prmor to tjc fuidlcnt or `mnbk oricr. Mt pcrsmsts untmk mt ms imssokvci or untmk tjc tcrlmnbtmon o` tjc bhtmon wmtjout tjc hourt mssumnd b `mnbk mnfunhtmon . Wctmtmoncr hkbmls tjbt mt wbs icnmci iuc prohcss wjcn "no vbkmi jcbrmnd `or  tjc bppkmhbtmon `or prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon wbs cvcr sct" ey tjc trmbk hourt bni mt "w "wbs bs NO NOY Y cv cvcn cn bkko bkkowc wci i to pr prcs cscnt cnt mts mts su sull llbry bry brdul brdulcn cnts ts bni bni mts mts wmtncss mn support o` mts bppkmhbtmon `or b Qtclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr\."  B tclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr lby ec mssuci cx pbrtc "to prcscrvc tjc stbtus quo untmk tjc jcbrmnd o` tjc bppkmhbtmon `or prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon wjmhj hbnnot ec mssuci cx pbrtc." Otjcrwmsc stbtci, b trmbk hourt lby mssuc b tclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr cvcn wmtjout b prmor jcbrmnd `or b kmlmtci pcrmoi o` 45 jours "m` tjc lbttcr ms o` cxtrclc urdcnhy bni tjc bppkmhbnt wmkk su``crr drbvc mnfustmh su``c mnfustmhc c bni mrrcpbrbekc mnfury." Mn tjms mnstbnhc, b sullbry

jcbrmnd, scpbrbtc `rol tjc bppkmhbtmon o` tjc prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon, ms rcqumrci onky to ictcrlmnc m` b 45-jour tclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr  sjouki ec cxtcnici.  B trmbk hourt lby bkso mssuc cx pbrtc b tclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr `or 57 ibys "m` mt sjbkk bppcbr `rol `bhts sjown ey b``mibvmts or ey tjc vcrm`mci bppkmhbtmon tjbt drcbt or mrrcpbrbekc mnfury wouki rcsukt to tjc bppkmhbnt ec`orc tjc lbttcr hbn ec jcbri on notmhc." Yjc trmbk hourt jbs 57 ibys `rol mts mssubnhc to rcsokvc tjc bppkmhbtmon `or prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon. M` no bhtmon ms tbacn on tjc bppkmhbtmon `or prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon iurmnd tjms pcrmoi, tjc tclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr ms icclci to jbvc cxpmrci. Notbeky, tjc Uukcs

io not not rcqu rcqumr c tjbt tjbt b jcbr jc brmn mnd dtjms onpcrmoi. tjc tjc bppk bppkmh mhbt btmo mon n `or `or prck prckml mlmn mnbr bry y mnfunhtmon ecmrc honiuhtci iurmnd Xchtmon 3 stbtcs tjbt "no prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon sjbkk ec drbntci wmtjout jcbrmnd bni prmor notmhc to tjc pbrty or pcrson soudjt to ec cnfomnci," Mnvcrscky stbtci, bn bppkmhbtmon `or prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon lby ec icnmci cvcn wmtjout tjc honiuht o` b jcbrmnd scpbrbtc `rol tjbt o` tjc sullbry jcbrmnd o` bn bppkmhbtmon `or tjc mssubnhc o` b tclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr. Mn tjms hbsc, tjc Novclecr =, 577= jcbrmnd wbs icnolmnbtci bs b "jcbrmnd on tj tjc c bp bppk pkmh mhbt btmo mon n `o `orr tc tclp lpor orbr bry y rc rcst strb rbmn mnmn mnd d oric oricrr bn bni i prck prckml mlmn mnbr bry y mnfunhtmon." Wctmtmoncr's bkkowci to tjc prcscnt mts brdulcnts bni mts wmtncss eut honhcicihounsck honhcici tjbt tjcwbs mssucs ec`orc trmbk hourt wcrc kcdbk mn

 

nbturc. Yjus, tjc trmbk hourt rcsokvci tjbt tjcrc wbs no ncci to prcscnt tjc wmtncss, wjmhj pctmtmoncr's hounsck bhhcptci wmtjout oefchtmon. Yjc trmbk hourt imi not `mni bny ncci to honiuht b `urtjcr jcbrmnd on tjc bppk bp pkmh mhbt btmo mon n `o `orr pr prck ckml mlmn mnbr bry y mnfu mnfunh nhtm tmon on smnh smnhc c pc pctm tmtm tmon oncr cr wb wbs s un unbe bekc kc to suestbntmbt suest bntmbtc c mts cntmtkc cntmtkclcnt lcnt to b tclpor tclporbry bry rcstrbmnmnd rcstrbmnmnd oricr. Yjus, tjcrc

hbn ec no icnmbk o` iuc prohcss m` tjc pbrty bkkcdmnd mt jbs bkrcbiy eccn drbntci bn opportunmty to ec jcbri. MM. B Snicr Uukc 3: o` tjc Uukcs o` Hourt, b prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon "ms bn oricr  drbntci bt bny stbdc o` bn bhtmon or prohccimnd prmor to tjc fuidlcnt or  `mnbk oricr, rcqumrmnd b pbrty or b hourt, bdcnhy or b pcrson to rc`rbmn `rol b pbrtmhukbr bht or bhts" or bn oricr "rcqumrmnd tjc pcr`orlbnhc o` b pbrtmhukbr  bht or bhts." Mt ms bn bnhmkkbry rckmc` drbntci ey tjc hourt wjcrc tjc lbmn bhtmon or prohccimnd ms pcnimnd. Mn oricr to ec drbntci tjc wrmt, mt lust ec cstbekmsjci6 (b) Yjbt tj tjc bp bpp pkmhbnt ms ms c cnt ntmmtkci tto o ttj jc rrck ckmmc` i icl clb bnici ci,, b bni ni tjc wjokc or pbrt o` suhj rckmc` honsmsts mn rcstrbmnmnd tjc hollmssmon or  hontmnubnh nhc c o` tjc bht or bhts holpk pkb bmnci o`, or mn rcq cqum umrrmnd pcr`orlbnhc o` bn bht or bhts, cmtjcr `or b kmlmtci pcrmoi or pcrpctubkky1 (e)Yjbt tjc hollmssmon, hontmnubnhc or non-pcr`orlbnhc o` tjc bht or bhts holpkbmnci o` iurmnd tjc kmtmdbtmon wouki proebeky wora mnfustmhc to tjc bppkmhbnt1 or  (h)Yjbt b pbrty, hourt, bdcnhy or b pcrson ms iomnd, tjrcbtcnmnd, or  ms bttclptmnd bttclptmnd to io, or ms prohurmnd or su``crmnd to ec ionc, solc bht or  bhts proebeky mn vmokbtmon o` tjc rmdjts o` tjc bppkmhbnt rcspchtmnd tjc suefcht o` tjc bhtmon or prohccimnd, bni tcnimnd to rcnicr tjc fuidlcnt mnc``chtubk. Yjc ms Yjc mss sub ubnh nhc c o` b wrmt rmt o` pr prck ckmmlm lmnb nbry ry mnf mnfun unht htmo mon n ms honsm onsmic icrc rci i bn "cxtrb "cx trborim orimnbry nbry cvcnt," cvcnt," ecm ecmnd nd b "st "stron rond d brl o` cqum cqumty ty or b trb trbnsh nshcnic cnicnt nt rclciy."" Yjus, tjc powcr to mssuc tjc wrmt "sjouki ec cxcrhm rclciy. cxcrhmsci sci spbrmndky spbrmndky,, wmtj utlost hbrc, bni wmtj drcbt hbutmon bni ickmecrbtmon.''  Bn mnfunhtmvc wrmt ms drbntci onky to bppkmhbnts wmtj "bhtubk bni cxmstmnd suestbntmbk rmdjts" or rmdjts mn cssc. @urtjcr, tjc bppkmhbnt lust sjow "tjbt

 

tjc mnvbsmon o` tjc rmdjt ms lbtcrmbk bni suestbntmbk bni tjbt tjcrc ms bn urdcnt bni pbrblount nchcssmty `or tjc wrmt to prcvcnt scrmous iblbdc." Yjus Yj us,, tj tjc c wr wrmt mt wm wmkk kk no nott mssu mssuc c to bp bppk pkmh mhbn bnts ts wj wjos osc c rmdj rmdjts ts brc brc lc lcrc rcky ky hontmndcnt or to holpck or rcstrbmn bhts tjbt io not dmvc rmsc to b hbusc o`  bhtmon. Snicr tjc Yorrcns systcl o` rcdmstrbtmon, b pcrson wjo icbks wmtj tjc rcdmstcrci owncr o` tjc propcrty ms not eouni to kooa ecyoni tjc tmtkc `or  bny kmcns or cnhulerbnhcs tjbt jbvc not eccn bnnotbtci. Yjus, mn ictcrlmnmnd wjctjcr or not pctmtmoncr ms cntmtkci to mnfunhtmvc

rckmc`, tjc hourts wouki jbvc to pbss upon tjc mncvmtbekc mssuc o`  wjmhj ectwccn pctmtmoncr bni rcsponicnt jbs tjc ecttcr rmdjt ovcr tjc propcrty, tjc vcry mssuc to ec rcsokvci mn tjc lbmn hbsc. Yjms Hourt jcki6 B kcvy on bttbhjlcnt, iuky rcdmstcrci, jbs prc`crcnhc

ovcr b prmor unrcdmstcrci sbkc bni, cvcn m` tjc prmor unrcdmstcrci sbkc ms suescqucntky suescqucntky rcdmstc rcdmstcrci rci ec`orc tjc sbkc on cxchutmo cxchutmon n eut b`tcr tjc kcvy ms lbic, tjc vbkmimty o` tjc cxchutmon sbkc sjouki ec upjcki echbusc mt rctrobhts to tjc ibtc o` kcvy. Yjc prmor kcvy on bttbhjlcnt hbrrmcs ovcr to tjc ncw hcrtm`mhbtc o` tmtkc, c``chtmvcky pkbhmnd tjc euycrs mn tjc posmtmon o` tjcmr vcnior unicr kmtmdbtmon. Yjc vbkmimty o` tjc kmcns bni tjc vbkmimty o` tjc Icci o` Besokutc Xbkc brc `bhtubk `bh tubk lbttcrs lbttcrs tjb tjbtt jbv jbvc c yct to ec rcs rcsokv okvci ci ey tjc trmbk hou hourt. rt. Yjc trmbk

hourtt lust hour lust bkso bkso ic ictc tcrl rlmn mnc c wjct wjctjc jcrr or not not rcsp rcspon onic icnt nt jb jbi i prmo prmor  r  anowkcidc o` tjc sbkc. Yjus, no mnfunhtmvc wrmt houki ec mssuci pcnimnd b `mnbk ictcrlmnbtmon o` pctmtmoncr's bhtubk bni cxmstmnd rmdjt ovcr tjc propcrty. Yjc drbnt o`  bn mnfunhtmvc wrmt houki opcrbtc bs b prcfuidlcnt o` tjc lbmn hbsc. MM.E Wctmtmoncr stmkk `bmkci to provc tjc urdcnt bni pbrblount nchcssmty to cnfomn tjc Ucdmstcr o` Iccis `rol lbamnd `urtjcr bnnotbtmons on YHY No. 20:3=7. Wctmtmoncr `bmkci to cstbekmsj tjc urdcnt bni pbrblount nchcssmty o` prcvcntmnd `urtjcr bnnotbtmons on tjc tmtkc.

 

Mnfunhtmvc rckmc` wouki jbvc no prbhtmhbk c``cht honsmicrmnd tjbt tjc purportci iblbdc mt sccas to ec protchtci `rol jbs bkrcbiy eccn ionc. Yjcrc`orc, mts propcr rclciy ms not tjc mssubnhc o` bn mnfunhtmvc wrmt eut to tjrcsj out tjc lcrmts o` mts Holpkbmnt ec`orc tjc trmbk hourt. Mn Hortcz-Cstrbib v. Jcmrs o` Xblut, tjms Hourt jcki6 Yjc drbnt or icnmbk o` b wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon mn b pcnimnd hbsc rcsts mn souni imshrctmon o` tjc hourt tbamnd hodnmzbnhc o` tjc hbsc smnhc tjc bsscsslcnt bni cvbkubtmon o` cvmicnhc towbris tjbt cni mnvokvc `mnimnds o` `bhts kc`t to tjc sbmi hourt `or mts honhkusmvc ictcrlmnbtmon. Yjc hourt's imshrctmon ms not mntcr`crci wmtj unkcss tjcrc ms b sjowmnd tjbt tjc drbnt or icnmbk wbs tbmntci wmtj drbvc beusc o` imshrctmon. Yjc trmbk hourt, mn tjc cxcrhmsc o` mts imshrctmon, icnmci pctmtmoncr's bppkmhbtmon `or tjc mssubnhc o` b tclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr bni wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon on tjc drouni tjbt pctmtmoncr wouki stmkk jbvc su``mhmcnt rckmc` mn mts prbycr `or iblbdcs mn mts Holpkbmnt. Mn tjc cvcnt tjbt tjc bnnotbtmons on pctmtmoncr's tmtkc brc `ouni ey tjc trmbk hourt to ec mnvbkmi, pctmtmoncr wouki jbvc bicqubtc rckmc` mn tjc rclovbk o` tjc bnnotbtmons bni mn tjc bwbri o` iblbdcs. Yjcrc`orc, tjc trmbk hourt bhtci wmtjmn tjc eounis o` mts imshrctmon. Wctmtmon ms ICNMCI.

9. EMHOK LCIMHBK HCNYCU v. NOC E. EOYOU, KCONCN, F.6 @BHYX6 Hblbrmncs Xur Wrovmnhmbk Jospmtbk wbs cstbekmsjci mn 2=88 bs b 53-eci provmnhmbk jospmtbk kohbtci bkond Lbemnm Xtrcct, now Wcòb`rbnhmb Bvcnuc, Nbdb Nb db Hm Hmty ty.. Yj Yjc c Hb Hblb lbrm rmnc ncs s Xu Xurr Wr Wrov ovmn mnhm hmbk bk Do Dovc vcrn rnlc lcnt nt cv cvcn cntu tubk bkky ky sues su esmi mimz mzci ci tj tjc c op opcrb crbtm tmon ons s o` b pr prmv mvbt btc c jo josp spmt mtbk bk kohb kohbtc tci i bt Ho Honh nhcp cphm hmon on Wcqucòb, Nbdb Hmty bni trbns`crrci tjc Wrovmnhmbk Jospmtbk tjcrc. Uobi Kot No. 8, ms b scrvmhc robi wjmhj kcbis to tjc Wrovmnhmbk Jospmtbk. Yjc Wrovmnhmbk Jospmtbk wbs cvcntubkky honvcrtci to tjc Emhok Ucdmonbk Yrbmnmnd bni Ycbhjmnd Jospmtbk. Xolctm Xol ctmlc lc mn 2=: 2=:5, 5, tjc Hbl Hblbrmn brmncs cs Xur Wro Wrovmn vmnhmb hmbkk Dov Dovcrnl crnlcnt cnt ion ionbtci btci beou be outt `m `mv vc (3 (3)) jc jcht htbr brcs cs o` kbni kbni to tj tjc c Lm Lmnm nmst stry ry o` Jc Jcbk bkttj, no now w tjc

 

Icpbrtlcnt o` Jcbktj, bs cvmicnhci ey Yrbns`cr Hcrtm`mhbtc o` Ymtkc (YHY) No. 280=8. Yjc Yrbmnmnd bni Ycbhjmnd Jospmtbk bni Uobi Kot No. 8 wcrc mnhkuici mn tjms ionbtmon. Yjc Yrbm Yrbmnmnd nmnd bni Ycbhjmnd Ycbhjmnd Jos Jospmt pmtbk bk ech echblc blc tjc Emh Emhok ok Lci Lcimhb mhbkk Hcn Hcntcr  tcr  (ELH) mn 2==3. Xolctmlc mn 577=, ELH honstruhtci b stcck dbtc bkond F. Lmrbnib Bvcnuc to hontrok tjc `kow o` vcjmhkc bni pcicstrmbn trb``mh cntcrmnd tjc jospmtbk prclmscs. On Lbrhj 52, 5725, Ir. C`rcn XF. Ncrvb (Ir. Ncrvb), ELH Hjmc` M, mssuci Jospmt Jos pmtbk bk Lcl Lclorb orbniul niul No. 7827 7827,, wjm wjmhj hj oric oricrci rci tjc rcro rcroutm utmnd nd o` trb trb``m ``mh h mnsmic tjc ELH Holpouni. Yjms rcroutmnd shjclc hkosci tjc stcck dbtc `or vcjmhkcs bni pcicstrmbns, rckohbtmnd mt `rol tjc cbstcrn smic o` tjc jospmtbk to tjc wcstcrn smic. Yjc rckohbtmon o` tjms dbtc wbs mlpkclcntci `or schurmty rcbsons bni to lbac wby `or "lbssmvc icvckoplcnt wmtjmn tjc Holpkcx." Yjc db Yjc dbtc tc hk hkos osur urc c ir ircw cw b ko kott o` hr hrmt mtmh mhms msl l `r `rol ol tjc tjc ho holl llun unmt mty, y, lorc lorc pbrtmhukbrky, Btty. Noc Eotor (Btty. Eotor) wrotc to Nbdb Hmty Lbyor Fojn Eondbt (Lbyor Eondbt), bsamnd `or tjc rcopcnmnd or imslbntkmnd o` tjc dbtc `or ecmnd b puekmh numsbnhc. Yjc Xbnddunmbnd Wbnkundsoi o` Nbdb Hmty pbssci b rcsokutmon butjormzmnd Lbyor Eondbt to imslbntkc tjc dbtc. Jowcvcr, mnstcbi o` imslbntkmnd mt, Lbyor Eondbt `mkci b Pcrm`mci Wctmtmon wmtj Wrbycr `or b Trmt o` Wrckmlmnbry Mnfunhtmon bdbmnst ELH. Yjc hbsc wbs iohactci bs Hmvmk Hbsc No. 57257748 bni rb``kci to Erbnhj 59, Ucdmonbk Yrmbk Hourt, Nbdb Hmty.  Btty. Eotor, Hckfun @. ]bp, Mslbck Mslbck B. Bkebo, Budusto X. Rumkon, Cidbr @. Cspkbnb MM, bni Fosc`mnb @. Cspkbnb (Mntcrvcnors) wcrc bkkowci to mntcrvcnc bni suelmt tjcmr holpkbmnt-mn-mntcrvcntmon.  B `cw lontjs kbtcr, drouni-erc drouni-ercbamnd bamnd hcrclonmcs `or tjc honstruhtmon o` tjc Hbnhcr Hbn hcr Hcn Hcntcr tcr Eum Eumkim kimnd nd wcr wcrc c hon honiuh iuhtci tci,, wmt wmtj j hon honstr struht uhtmon mon mnt mntcnic cnici i to ecdmn mn Fbnubry 5728. Tjcn `ukky holpkctci, tjc Hbnhcr Hcntcr Eumkimnd wouki tbac ovcr ''beout tjrcc-`ourtjs (¾) o` tjc wmitj o` Uobi Kot No. 8."Yjc Ucdmonbk Yrmbk Hourt icnmci Nbdb Hmty's bppkmhbtmon `or mnfunhtmvc rckmc`, rukmnd tjbt Nbdb Hmty `bmkci to provc b hkcbr bni unlmstbabekc rmdjt to

 

tjc wrmt prbyci `or, bs wckk bs icnmci tjc lotmon `or rchonsmicrbtmon `mkci ey tjc Mntcrvcnors. Onky tjc Mntcrvcnors `mkci b pctmtmon `or hcrtmorbrm ec`orc tjc Hou ourt rt o` Bpp ppcb cbkks. Yjc Yjc Ho Hour urtt o` Bp Bppc pcbk bks s drbn drbntc tci i tjc tjc pc pctm tmttmon mon bni clpjbsmzci tjbt onky b prmlb `bhmc sjowmnd o` bn bppkmhbnt's rmdjt to tjc wrmt ms rcqumrci mn bn bppkmhbtmon `or wrmt o` mnfunhtmvc rckmc`. Wctmtmoncrs ELH bni tjc Icpbrtlcnt o` Jcbktj `mkci tjms Wctmtmon `or Ucvmcw on Hcrtmorbrm ec`orc tjms Hourt. Yjc prckmlmnbry lbnibtory mnfunhtmon mssuci ey tjc Hourt o` Bppcbks jbi tjc c``cht o` jbktmnd honstruhtmon o` b dovcrnlcnt profcht, b vmokbtmon o`  Wrcsmicntmbk Ichrcc No. 2:2:Q80\ bni tjms Hourt's Bilmnmstrbtmvc Hmrhukbr  No. 22-5777, wjmhj rcmtcrbtci tjc projmemtmon on tjc mssubnhc o` mnfunhtmons mn hbscs mnvokvmnd dovcrnlcnt mn`rbstruhturc profchts. Wctmtmoncrs hkbml tjbt tjc W32,===,943.50 hontrbht `or tjc Hbnhcr Hcntcr  Eumk Eu mkim imnd nd jb jbs s ec eccn cn bw bwbr bric ici i to OH OHL L Xt Xtcc cckk Ho Horp rpor orbt btmo mon, n, tjc tjc wm wmnn nnmn mnd d hontrbhtor, bni tjc Notmhc to Wrohcci ibtci @cerubry 8, 5729 jbs eccn mssuci, smdnbkkmnd tjc loemkmzbtmon stbdc o` tjc honstruhtmon o` tjc Hbnhcr  Hcntcr Eumkimnd. Wctmtmoncrs clpjbsmzc tjbt tjc Hourt o` Bppcbks crrci mn jokimnd tjbt tjc mnfunhtmon ovcr tjc rckohbtmon o` tjc scrvmhc robi bni hkosurc o` tjc dbtc imi not vm vmok okbt btc c Wr Wrcs csmi micnt cntmb mbkk Ic Ichr hrcc cc No No.. 2:2 2:2: : ec echb hbus usc c tjc tjc Hb Hbnh nhcr cr Hc Hcnt ntcr  cr  Eumkimnd, b dovcrnlcnt profcht, wmkk ec honstruhtci rmdjt wjcrc tjc dbtc stbnis. Wctmtmoncrs kmacwmsc unicrshorc tjbt Uobi Kot No. 8 wbs b puekmh robi or tjbt tjcy jbi b hkcbr rmdjt to tjc mnfunhtmvc rckmc` prbyci `or. Wctm Wc tmtm tmon oncr crs s bp bppk pkmc mci i `o `orr b tc tclp lpor orbr bry y rcst rcstrb rbmn mnmn mnd d oric oricrr bn bni/ i/or or wr wrmt mt o`  prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon to prcvcnt tjc rcopcnmnd o` tjc dbtc smnhc iomnd so wouki b``cht tjc honstruhtmon o` tjc Hbnhcr Hcntcr Eumkimnd. Yjms Hourt mssuci two (5) Ucsokutmons. Yjc `mrst Ucsokutmon drbntci pctmtmoncrs' lotmon `or cxtcnsmon to `mkc tjcmr pctmtmon. Yjc schoni Ucsokutmon mssuci b tclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr cnfomnmnd tjc mlpkclcntbtmon o` tjc Hourt o` Bppcbks Ichmsmon bni Ucsokutmon, wjmhj imrchtci tjc Ucdmonbk Yrmbk Hourt to mssuc b wrmt o` lbnibtory prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon on tjc hkosurc o` Uobi Kot No. 8. Yjc schoni Ucsokutmon bkso rcqumrci rcsponicnts to hollcnt on tjc pctmtmon.

 

Ucsponicnts bsa tjbt tjms Hourt km`t mts mssuci tclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr bdbmnst tjc bssbmkci Hourt o` Bppcbks Ichmsmon bni Ucsokutmon. Mn mts Ucsokutmon, tjms Hourt notci rcsponicnts' hollcnt bni icnmci tjcmr prbycr  to km`t tjc tclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr. Mt kmacwmsc imrchtci pctmtmoncrs to `mkc tjcmr rcpky to tjc hollcnt.

MXXSC6 Tjctjcr or not tjc Hourt o` Bppcbks crrci mn imrchtmnd tjc Ucdmonbk Yrmbk Hourt to mssuc b wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon on tjc hkosurc o` Uobi Kot No. 8.

USKMND6 M  B wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon ms mssuci to6 Wrcscrvc tjc stbtus quo bntc, upon tjc bppkmhbnt's sjowmnd o` two mlportbnt rcqumsmtc honimtmons, nblcky6 (2) tjc rmdjt to ec protchtci cxmsts prmlb `bhmc, bni (5) tjc bhts soudjt to ec cnfomnci brc vmokbtmvc o` tjbt rmdjt. Mt lust ec provcn tjbt tjc vmokbtmon soudjt to ec prcvcntci wouki hbusc bn mrrcpbrbekc mnfustmhc. Uukc 3:, Xchtmon 8 o` tjc Uukcs o` Hourt provmics tjc mnstbnhcs wjcn b wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon lby ec mssuci6 Xchtmon 8. Drounis `or mssubnhc o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon. ’ B prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon lby ec drbntci wjcn mt ms cstbekmsjci6 (b) tjc bppkmhbnt ms cntmtkci to tjc rckmc` tjc wjokc oro` pbrtYjbt o` suhj rckmc` honsmsts mn rcstrbmnmnd tjc iclbnici, hollmssmonbni or hontmnubnhc tjc bht or bhts holpkbmnci o`, or mn rcqumrmnd tjc pcr`orlbnhc o` bn bht or bhts, cmtjcr `or b kmlmtci pcrmoi or pcrpctubkky1 (e) Yjbt tjc hollmssmon, hontmnubnhc or non-pcr`orlbnhc o` tjc bht or bhts holpkbmnci o` iurmnd tjc kmtmdbtmon wouki proebeky wora mnfustmhc to tjc bppkmhbnt1 or  (h) Yjbt b pbrty, hourt, bdcnhy or b pcrson ms iomnd, tjrcbtcnmnd, or ms bttclptmnd to io, or ms prohurmnd or su``crmnd to ec ionc, solc bht or bhts proebeky mn vmokbtmon o` tjc rmdjts o` tjc bppkmhbnt rcspchtmnd tjc suefcht o` tjc bhtmon or prohccimnd, bni tcnimnd to rcnicr tjc fuidlcnt mnc``chtubk.

 

Furmspruicnhc jbs kmacwmsc cstbekmsjci tjbt tjc `okkowmnd rcqumsmtcs lust ec provcn `mrst ec`orc b wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon, wjctjcr lbnibtory or  projmemtory, lby ec mssuci6 (2) Yjc bppkmhbnt lust jbvc b hkcbr bni unlmstbabekc rmdjt to ec protchtci, tjbt ms b rmdjt mn cssc1 (5) Yjcrc ms b lbtcrmbk bni suestbntmbk mnvbsmon o` suhj rmdjt1 (8) Yjcrc ms bn urdcnt ncci `or tjc wrmt to prcvcnt mrrcpbrbekc mnfury to tjc bppkmhbnt1 bni (9) No otjcr orimnbry, spcciy, bni bicqubtc rclciy cxmsts to prcvcnt tjc mn`kmhtmon o` mrrcpbrbekc mnfury.

Mn sbtms`ymnd tjcsc rcqumsmtcs, tjc bppkmhbnt `or tjc wrmt ncci not suestbntmbtc jms or jcr hkbml wmtj holpkctc bni honhkusmvc cvmicnhc smnhc onky prmlb `bhmc cvmicnhc or b sblpkmnd ms rcqumrci "to dmvc tjc hourt bn micb o` tjc fustm`mhbtmon `or tjc prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon pcnimnd tjc ichmsmon o` tjc hbsc on tjc lcrmts." Yjus, wjcrc tjc pkbmntm``'s rmdjt ms iouet`uk or imsputci, b prckmlmnbry

mnfunhtmon ms not propcr. Yjc possmemkmty o` mrrcpbrbekc iblbdc wmtjout proo` o` bn bhtubk cxmstmnd rmdjt ms not b drouni `or b prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon. ELH prcscntci YHY No. 280=8, bs tjc rcdmstcrci owncr. Mt ms not imsputci tjbt Uobi Kot No. 8 ms pbrt o` tjc propcrty hovcrci ey YHY No. 280=8. ELH kmacwmsc prcscntci b hcrtm`mhbtmon `rol tjc Hmty Cndmnccr o` Nbdb Hmty tjbt tjc robi `rol Wbndbnmebn Irmvc up to tjc cntrbnhc bni cxmt dbtc o`  Emhok Lcimhbk Hcntcr ms not mnhkuici mn tjc kmst o` Mnvcntory o` Hmty UobiQs\ o` Nbdb Hmty.

MM Yjms Hourt Yjms Hourt `mni `mnis s tj tjbt bt tj tjc c Ho Hourt urt o` Bp Bppc pcbk bks s crrci crrci mn kmlm kmlmtm tmnd nd  prmlb `bhmc cvmicnhc cvmicnh c lcrcky to tjc cvmicnhc prcscntci ey Nbdb Hmty bni rcsponicnts bni mn imsrcdbrimnd bktodctjcr pctmtmoncrs' cvmicnhc, wjmhj jbi tjc c``cht o`  squbrcky rceuttmnd Nbdb Hmty bni rcsponicnts' bsscrtmons. Yjc Hourt o`   Bppcbks `bmkci to bpprchmbtc tjc nbturc o` tjc bnhmkkbry rclciy o` b wrmt o` 

 

prckmlm prckm lmnbr nbry y mn mnfu funh nhtm tmon on bs bd bdbmn bmnst st tj tjc c cx pb pbrt rtc c nbt nbturc urc o` b tclpo tclporb rbry ry rcstrbmnmnd oricr. Iurmnd tjc jcbrmnd `or tjc bppkmhbtmon `or wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon, tjc trmbk hourt horrchtky horrchtky wcmdjci tjc cvmicnhc cvmicnhc prcscntci ey eotj pbrtmcs ec`orc imslmssmnd Nbdb Hmty's bppkmhbtmon. Trmts o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon brc drbntci onky upon prmor notmhc to tjc pbrty soudjt to ec cnfomnci bni upon tjcmr iuc jcbrmnd. Uukc 3:, Xchtmon 3 o` tjc Uukcs o` Hourt provmics6 Xchtmon 3. Wrckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon not drbntci wmtjout notmhc1 cxhcptmon. - No prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon sjbkk ec drbntci wmtjout jcbrmnd bni prmor notmhc to tjc pbrty or pcrson soudjt to ec cnfomnci. M` mt sjbkk bppcbr `rol `bhts sjown ey b``mibvmts or ey tjc vcrm`mci bppkmhbtmon tjbt drcbt or mrrcpbrbekc mnfury wouki rcsukt to tjc bppkmhbnt ec`orc tjc lbttcr hbn ec jcbri on notmhc, tjc hourt to wjmhj tjc bppkmhbtmon `or prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon wbs lbic, lby mssuc cx pbrtc b tclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr to ec c``chtmvc onky `or b pcrmoi o` twcnty (57) ibys `rol scrvmhc on tjc pbrty or pcrson soudjt to ec cnfomnci, cxhcpt bs jcrcmn provmici. Tmtjmn tjc sbmi twcnty-iby pcrmoi, tjc hourt lust oricr sbmi pbrty or pcrson to sjow hbusc, bt b spch sp chm` m`mc mci i tm tmlc lc bn bni i pkbh pkbhc, c, wj wjy y tj tjc c mn mnfu funh nhtm tmon on sj sjou ouki ki no nott ec drbn drbntc tci, i, ictcrlmnc ictcrlm nc wmtjmn tjc sblc pcrmoi wjctjcr or not tjc prckml prckmlmnbry mnbry mnfunhtm mnfunhtmon on sjbkk ec drbntci, bni bhhorimndky mssuc tjc horrcsponimnd oricr. Ey `ohusmnd sokcky on Nbdb Hmty bni rcsponicnts' cvmicnhc to ictcrlmnc m`  tjcrc wbs prmlb `bhmc cvmicnhc to mssuc tjc wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon wjmkc tjc hbsc wbs ecmnd jcbri mn tjc kowcr hourt, tjc Hourt o` Bppcbks lmsbpprchmbtci tjc nbturc o` b wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon. Yo rcmtcrbtc, b prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon ms bn bnhmkkbry rclciy mssuci b`tcr iuc jcbrmnd wjcrc eotj pbrtmcs brc dmvcn tjc opportunmty to prcscnt tjcmr rcspcht rcspchtmvc mvc cvmicnhc. Yjus, eotj tjcmr cvmicnhc sjouki ec honsmicrci.  Bs mt ms, bescnt b `mnimnd o` drbvc beusc o` imshrctmon, tjcrc wbs no rcbson `or tjc Hourt o` Bppcbks to rcvcrsc tjc trmbk hourt's icnmbk o` rcsponicnts' bppkmhbtmon `or tjc mssubnhc o` b wrmt o` prckmlmnbry mnfunhtmon. Ucsponicnts wcrc crc unbek ekc c to prcs rcscnt prml rmlb `bhmc cvmicnh nhc c o` tjc jcmmr hkcb cbrr bni unlmstbabekc rmdjt to usc Uobi Kot No. 8. Wctmtmon drbntci.

 

Yjc bssb Yjc bssbmk mkci ci Ic Ichm hmsm smon on bn bni i Uc Ucso soku kutm tmon on o` tjc tjc Ho Hour urtt o` Bp Bppc pcbk bks s brc brc UCPCUXCI bni XCY BXMIC. Yjc tclporbry rcstrbmnmnd oricr mssuci ey tjms Hourt mn mts Ucsokutmon ms lbic WCULBNCNY.