Casa en Vista Al Mar

 

“G÷h na lg ufdvarsgldzgodÿf na lg sglun”   

G[WQD^AO^Q[G  

^Í^QLH NAL ^[GKGJH: “Ogsg na plgyg”

 

OG^AN[G: M@. Grq. Luds Barfgfnh Oearh Oÿrnhvg  A_^QNDGF^A_: - Blhras [ayas Mgrdgfg - @groíg _amdfgrdh Gf`da

 

- Hjang Ya÷g Ndocshf

 

OQ[_H: Dftrhnuoodÿf g lg grqudtaoturg

 

QFDRA[_DNGN: Oasgr Rgllajh ODOLH: D-;9;9

 

BAOEG: 72-90-;9;9 YDQ[G ‟ YA[Q ;9;9

 

DFNDOA:

^gklg na ohftafdnh OHFOAY^H NA OG_G NA YLGTG..................................................................................................? ^DYHLH@ÍG _A@ÚF AL G_YAO^H BQFODHFGL........................................................................> ^DYHLH@ÍG _A@ÚF AL MG^A[DGL.............................................................................................1 Mgtardglas pgrg al ravastdmdafth pgrg pdshs af ogsgs na plgygs....................................................1 Ogsgs na plgyg shkra pdlhta, mualla y plgtgbhrmg..........................................................................0 .............. .............. .............. .................................. ..................................5 .......5 ^[A_ ^DYH_ ND_^DF^H_ AF ^[A_ ^DYH_ NA YLGTG.......

OG[GO^A[Í_^DOG_ NA QFG OG_G NA YLGTG.......................................................................77 [AWQD_D^H_ YG[G QFG OG_G NA YLGTG ...............................................................................71 ^AFNAFODG_ AF LG OHF_^[QOODßF NA OG_G_ NA YLGTG ....... .............. .............. ..............................70 .......................70

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OHFOAY^H NA OG_G NA YLGTG Lg nabdfdodÿf prhphrodhfgng g astg axprasdÿf as eh`gr na mgtardgl, mgnarg, pra mhlnagng, na  kgrrh, na pdanrg h na ouglqudar htrh mgtardgl ohfstruotdvh qua astç ukdogng gl khrna na ufg  plgyg ohstarg h g phohs matrhs na allg. Gufqua tgmkdäf sa puana ngr asta ogldbdogtdvh gl tdph na andbdogodhfas qua sa vaf af lgs h phklgodhfas qua astçf gl khrna nal mgr y ouygs gotdvdngnas asafo asafodglas dglas shf lg pasog yodungnas al turdsmh. As ufg vgrdangn na ohfstruoodhfa ohfstruoodhfass ohf ndstdfths ndsa÷hs, gl`ufgs vdvdafngs sa afouaftrgf gl`h glajgngs, parh phr sar ogsgs na vgogodhfas af ufg lhogldngn ohstarg, tgmkdäf raodkaf al fhmkra na ogsg na plgyg. Egy gspaoths ohmufas af asta tdph na ohfstruoodhfas, phr ajamplh, astçf  pafsgngs pgrg dfta`rgrsa ohf al afthrfh qua as lh kusognh af thng ogsg na plgyg (Gprhvaoegr  al gdra ldkra, plgyg y g`ug) Htrh ngth ourdhsh as qua thngs lgs ogsgs na plgyg fh astçf shkra uf tarrafh grafhsh fd shf gmpldgs y lgr`gs. Egy ogsgs na plgyg ohl`gngs na gogftdlgnhs ohf gpafgs ufg muy gf`hstg brgfjg na plgyg ougfnh kgjgf lgs mgrags. Lhs mgtardglas ohf lhs qua sa ohfstruyaf lgs ogsgs na plgygs shf vgrdhs y ndbaraftas, vgf nasna lg mgnarg ohforath lgnrdllhs, pgsgfnh pdanrgsngr y egstg Muoegs ogsgs sa afouaftrgf shkra gl pdlhtas pgrg yastgr oarog nal g`ug yphr tgmkdäf pgsh gog÷gs. lg mhvdldzgodÿf fgturgl na lgs nufgs. _dampra pgraoa egkar gl`h afogftgnhr af ufg ogsg na plgyg, shkra thnh af gquallgs kdaf ohfsarvgngs h pdfthrasogs. pdfthrasogs. Na gl`úf mhnh lgs ogsgs af lg plgyg oumplaf sua÷hs  pgrg fhshtrhs. Gl mhmafth na ohfstrudr ufg ogsg af lg plgyg as dmphrtgfta tafar af ouaftg ufg sarda na alamafths olgva qua egrçf na astg ufg vdvdafng mçs ohfbhrtgkla y nastgogng shkra htrgs, `rgo `rgodg dgss g lgs lgs ogrg ogrgot otar arís ístdo tdogs gs na su nd ndsa sa÷h ÷h.. Al Alam amaf afth thss qu quaa gn gnam amçs çs na ou oump mpld ldrr oh ohff lh lhss raquardmdafths kçsdohs na ufg vdvdafng, mgxdmdzgf su prhvaoeh, ndstrdkuodÿf, axtafsdÿf y ukdogodÿf. Asth, pgrg `grgftdzgr ufg axpardafodg plafg nurgfta lg astgníg af lg ogsg na plgyg. Gl mhmafth na ohfstrudr ufg ogsg af lg plgyg thmgmhs af ouaftg lgs faoasdngnas y `usths na fuastrhs oldaftas, raspatgfnh lgs fhrmgs y ra`lgmafths pgrg su ohfstruoodÿf.

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^DYHLH@ÍG _A@ÚF AL G_YAO^H BQFODHFGL 7. Lg mgyhríg na lgs ogsgs na plgyg ouaftg ohf: •Qf shlh gmkdafta pgrg sglg, ohmanhr y ohodfg. Yhr allh al ndsa÷h naka phtafodgr lg gmpldtun nal aspgodh y lg luz fgturgl, y usgr muaklas mdfdmgldstgs af thfhs olgrhs. Yarh egy htrh tdph na vdvdafngs qua shf zhfdbdogngs pgrg lh`rgr ufg majhr ndstrdkuodÿf na lhs ndbaraftas aspgodhs qua astçf prasaftas af ufg natarmdfgng ogsg na plgyg. Egoar lg zhfdbdogodÿf na lg ogsg parmdta lg ukdogodÿf na lhs aspgodhs gnaougnhs gnaougnhs ohrraotgmafta dftarralgodhfgnhs aftra sí, na gouarnh g sus bufodhfas y faoasdngna faoasdngnass g sgtdsbgoar. 

As muy dmphrtgfta qua lg ndstrdkuodÿf na aspgodhs sag bufodhfgl, safodllg y prçotdog. Lg bhrmg y al tgmg÷h na lhs ndbaraftas lu`gras na lg vdvdafng nakaf na astgr ndsa÷gnhs thmgfnh af ouaftg lh sd`udafta:

Egkdtgodhfas: al fúmarh na egkdtgodhfas vg g napafnar nal fúmarh na parshfgs qua dfta`rgf lg bgmdldg. ^afdafnh af ohfsdnargodÿf ogmkdhs buturhs phsdklas af lg ohmphsdodÿf bgmdldgr. _dampra as raohmafngkla qua taf`gf vaftdlgodÿf oruzgng. Kg÷hs: lg ogftdngn astç sujatg gl fúmarh na egkdtgftas qua taf`g lg ogsg. Ohodfg: su ukdogodÿf puana sar af uf gmkdafta sapgrgnh h kdaf ohmh axtafsdÿf na lg sglg h ohmanhr ohmh af lg mgyhríg na lgs ogsgs na plgyg. _glg y ohmanhr:  d`uglmaf d`uglmafta ta puan puanaa astgr af gmkdaf gmkdaftas tas sapgrgn sapgrgnhs hs h af uf shlh aspgodh aspgodh y al ohmanhr dfta`rgnh ohf lg ohodfg. _glg na as _glg astg tgr: r:  puan puanaa bufo bufodh dhfg fgrr ohmh ohmh uf gm gmkd kdaf afta ta na nd ndst strd rdku kuod odÿf ÿf h sa sarr uf as aspg pgod odhh dfnapafndafta, `afarglmafta sa ukdog lg talavdsdÿf h as uf aspgodh pgrg lhs mçs paqua÷hs na lg ogsg. ^arrgzg:  Yrhkgklamafta al aspgodh mçs dmphrtgfta af ufg ogsg na plgyg, puana tafar ufg  pdsodfg dfta`rgng y sdampra nakaríg nakaríg na astgr kdaf pprhta`dng rhta`dng nal shl phr phr uf taoeh ldvdgfh. ldvdgfh. Astgodhfgmdafths: Napafndafnh na lhs pgrçmatrhs na ogng plgyg puanaf astgr naftrh na lg ogsg h af astgodhfgmda astgodhfgmdafths fths `afarglas pgrg lhs usugrdhs nal ohfnhmdfdh.

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^DYHLH@ÍG _A@ÚF AL MG^A[DGL [ARA_^DMDAF^H YG[G YD_H_: Lgs ogsgs na plgyg tdafaf al afogfth na afohftrgrsa oarog nal mgr. _df amkgr`h, asg ogrgotarístdog dmpldog qua tgmkdäf sa astç muy oarog na lg grafg, lg sgl y lg eumangn mgrdfg. Ashs bgothras tdafaf uf `rgf dmpgoth af lgs andbdogodhfas. Yhr ash, af astg fhtg nal klh` na JO_ vgmhs g egklgr goarog nal ravastdmdafth r avastdmdafth pgrg pdshs na ohfstruoodhfas ohstargs. ¸Wuä naka shphrtgr al ravastdmdafth pgrg pdshs na ogsgs na plgyg8 Lg sgl, lg eumangn y lg krdsg nal mgr shf lhs alamafths qua nakaf rasdstdr al ravastdmdafth  pgrg pdshs. Ash puana ohfvartdrsa af uf rath, r ath, puas fh thnhs lhs mgtardglas sa gngptgf kdaf g asgs ohfndodhfas oldmçtdogs. Al mçrmhl, phr ajamplh, puana ohfsdnargrsa uf mgtardgl na `rgf ogldngn. _df amkgr`h, fh as lg hpodÿf mçs gnaougng pgrg lgs ogsgs ohstargs. Lg grafg tdafa lg prhpdangn na rgllgr lgs lçmdfgs na astg rhog, sdf dmphrtgr ougfth egyg ohstgnh. Asta as ufh na lhs prhklamgs qua sa puanaf tafar af asgs lhogldzgodhfas. Gndodhfglmafta, sa tdafa qua afohftrgr mgtardglas qua rasdstgf ufg `rgf eumangn, ufg buarta axphsdodÿf gl shl y lg prasafodg nal sgldtra af al gdra y lg tdarrg. Nas`rgodgngmafta, fh thnhs lhs mgtardglas pgrg al ravastdmdafth pgrg pdshs tdafaf uf kuaf nasampa÷h af asgs ohfndodhfas. Lg mgnarg, phr ajamplh, sa axpgfna ohf al g`ug y shlh puana usgrsa af ogsg na plgyg lua`h na pgsgr phr uf trgtgmdafth na sallgnh.

Mgtardglas pgrg al ravastdmdafth pgrg pdshs af ogsgs na plgygs G ohftdfugodÿf, sa afldstgf ufg sarda na mgtardglas raohmafngnhs raohmafngnhs pgrg asta prhpÿsdth.

Oamafth puldnh Asta as al mgtardgl kçsdoh af ouglqudar ohfstruoodÿf, parh tgmkdäf as uf kuaf ravastdmdafth  pgrg pdshs. _df amkgr`h, amkgr`h, sd sa qudara usgr oamafth af lgs lgs ogsgs na plgygs as fa faoasgrdh oasgrdh mazolgr  mazolgr  asa ohmphfafta ohf uf prhnuoth sallgnhr. Ohf al ush na asa prhnuoth sa gsa`urg qua al g`ug sag majhr rapaldng y avdtgr qua sa mgfoea lgs suparbdodas.

Yhroalgfgth Asta mgtardgl as al ravastdmdafth qua mçs sa ald`af ougfnh sa egoaf ramhnalgodhfas na ogsgs na plgygs. Ygrg prhnuodr al phroalgfgth sa raqudara ehrfagrlh g muy gltgs tampargturgs. Asg ogrgotarístdog na su prhoash na bgkrdogodÿf nhtg gl phroalgfgth na ufg `rgf rasdstafodg gl g`ug. Na eaoeh, asta mgtardgl suparg g lg oarçmdog af sus ougldngnas. Af lg gotugldngn, al phroalgfgth sa algkhrg ohf muy vgrdgnhs ndsa÷hs pgrg sgtdsbgoar lhs `usths na thnhs lhs usugrdhs. Axdstaf mhnalhs qua dmdtgf lg mgnarg h lg pdanrg y sa afouaftrgf af `rgf ndvarsdngn na ohlhras. Gnamçs, sa puana usgr asta mgtardgl af su varsdÿf gftdnasldzgfta  pgrg al ravastdmdafth ravastdmdafth pgrg pdshs y ppgranas granas na lgs pdsodfgs.

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Asta as uf mgtardgl na ohfstruoodÿf ohf`lhmargnh bhrmgnh phr pdanrgs y oamafth. Al tarrgzh  puana dfstglgrsa ohf al vartdnh ndraoth h g trgväs na lhsatgs. Qsuglmafta sa usg oaftrh klgfoh  pgrg hktafar uf prhnuoth ohf uf gogkgnh olgrh. Gnamçs, al tarrgzh as uf mgtardgl taxturdzgnh nakdnh g lhs paqua÷hs pangzhs na mçrmhl y pdanrg na lg mazolg. Asta mgtardgl tdafa ufg alavgng rasdstafodg y uf kgjh ohsth. Asgs ougldngnas as uf gogkgnh muy phpulgr af lgs ohfstruoodhfas axtardhras. Na eaoeh, al tarrgzh llavg asta fhmkra, phrqua lhs gftd`uhs hkrarhs na lg ohfstruoodÿf af Rafaodg utdldzgkgf asta mgtardgl pgrg pgvdmaftgr  sus tarrgzgs y pgtdhs.

Mdorhoamafth Astg hpodÿf na ravastdmdafth pgrg pdshs af ogsgs na plgyg as ufg na lgs mçs fuavgs hbartgs af al marognh. Asta mgtardgl as na rçpdnh afnuraodmdafth, parh puana sar trgkgjgnh pgrg hktafar ndbaraftas gogk gogkgn gnhs hs.. _a la puan puanaf af gpld gpldog ogrr tdft tdftas as pg pgrg rg hk hkta tafa farr nd ndba bara raft ftas as oh ohlh lhra ras. s. Ht Htrg rgss na lg lgss ogrgotarístdogs qua nastgogf nal mdorhoamafth as su taxturg sugva y su thfh pgrajh.

Lgs hpodhfas nal taoeh Lhs mgtardglas nal taoegnh nakaf g`ugftgr lgs sdtugodhfas gtmhsbärdogs axtramgs. Al ush na mgtardglas näkdlas fh as ufg kuafg dnag, yg qua, g ohfsaouafodg na lhs bgothras fgturglas, ohmh al g`ug, y gdra, puana tarmdfgr prhphrodhfgfnh ufg vdvdafng dfastgkla y pald`rhsg pgrg lhs qua lg egkdtgf.

Ouastdhfas na lg kgsa _a raqudaraf ndbaraftas hpodhfas pgrg lg kgsa. Fh puanas utdldzgr klhquas na ohforath y uf sÿtgfh astçfngr h uf aspgodh na rgstrah af ufg ogsg na plgyg. Nakdnh g uf glth fdval braçtdoh, nakas ohfstrudr lg ogsg shkra ufg kgsa sÿldng rabhrzgng ohf kgrrgs na rabuarzh, uf tärmdfh ohrth pgrg al goarh na rabuarzh. Lgs kgrrgs na rabuarzh sa ohlhogf af al dftardhr nal ehrmd`ÿf vartdnh, na mhnh qua gumafta lg rasdstafodg nal ehrmd`ÿf ohf al tdamph. H puanas ohfstrudr  ufg ogsg shkra ufhs pdlhtas. Fh hlvdnas qua lgs tukarígs na g`ug y lhs nasg`üas nakaf astgr  ohfbd`urgnhs pgrg afogjgr af lgs saoodhfas dftardhras na lg kgsa na ehrmd`ÿf h phr nakgjh nal sualh, sd lg ogsg astç ohfstrudng shkra pdlhtas. Lgs lífags na nrafgja na tu ogsg tdafaf qua ohfaotgrsa af lg goarg ohf uf nrafgja na glogftgrdllgnh axdstafta.

Ylgfdbdogodÿf afar`ätdog As dmphrtgfta lg utdldzgodÿf na puartgs y vaftgfgs na abdodafodg afar`ätdog, gnamçs na uf gmpldh gdslgmdafth. Lgs vaftgfgs y lgs puartgs nakaf tafar uf raoukrdmdafth na vdfdlh shkra lg mgnarg, phr ajamplh, pgrg rasdstdr lg eumangn af al gdra. Lg sa`urdngn prhphrodhfgng phr ufg  puartg na goarh y al gdslgmdafth af al taoeh y pgranas naka sar supardhr gl vglhr [ astçfngr na lhs kgrrdhs nakdnh g lgs tampargturgs axtramgs oarog na lg ohstg h g lhs vdafths buartas qua dmpgotgf lg oglabgoodÿf y lg rabrd`argodÿf. Qtdldzg uf vglhr [ na ?? pgrg al gdslgmdafth af lgs çrags nal çtdoh, phr ajamplh.

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Ogsgs na plgyg shkra pdlhta, mualla y plgtgbhrmg Astruoturgs ohfstrudngs af tarrafhs dfoldfgnhs y asogrpgnhs jufth gl g`ug prasaftgf uf rath aspaodgl pgrg lhs grqudtaoths. Ygrg prhta`ar lg ogsg na lgs hlgs dfusuglmafta `rgfnas y lgs mgrags gltgs, lgs ogsgs na plgyg shf alavgngs phr lh mafhs g 5 (;>?,5> oaftímatrhs) h 71 pdas (>10,; oaftímatrhs) phr afodmg nal fdval mçs kgjh na lg tdarrg, lhs oÿnd`hs na ohfstruoodÿf astgtglas vgrígf af ougfth g lg glturg praodsg. Gftas na ohmafzgr g trgkgjgr af ufg astruoturg, lhs ohfstruothras egoaf ufg plgtgbhrmg h mualla ohf mgtardglas qua dfoluyaf vd`gs D na goarh, ohlumfgs h pdlgras na ohforath y pdlhtas, phstas y mgrohs na mgnarg. Ajamplhs na asta tdph na ogsg af lg plgyg sa afouaftrgf af zhfgs ohmh lg dslg na @glvasthf, ^axgs, nhfna lg Ohstg nal @hlbh subra na eurgogfas y mgrajgngs. Astgs kgsas tgmkdäf sdrvaf pgrg gfolgr lgs ogsgs af al sualh sukygoafta nurgfta lgs thrmaftgs dfvarfglas axtramgs ohf vdafths buartas.

Lg plgyg na Ohlgf tdafa ufg lhf`dtun gprhxdmgng na 0 cm, qudzçs mçs h qudzçs mafhs, na astg lhf`dtun gprhxdmgngmafta > cdlÿmatrhs astçf oukdartgs phr ogshfgs na plgyg, ohfstrudngs lg mgyhríg na allgs af mgnarg, shkra tarrgzgs na pdanrg y htrgs lavgftgngs shkra pdlhtas, lgs ouglas ngf gl mgr.

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^[A_ ^DYH_ ND_^DF^H_ AF ^[A_ ^DYH_ NA YLGTG OG_G NA YLGTG - LG_ LHMG_ NAL MG[ AF LDMG. Lg ogsg astç ohfstrudng shkra ufg lhfg na rhog y grafg, glogfzg su pufth mçs glth >5 maftdrg shkra al gfdval nal mgr nasodafna 5 matrhs,llgmgtdvh. su vdstg nal tagtrh gkgrog lhs 759¹ `rgnhs, tgmkdäf sus vhlúmafas astç tdafa lhs uf ohftaxth _u gmkdafta as trgfqudlh, sd kdaf sa hksarvg afohftrgramhs ; vhlúmafas pgrglalhs lhs ouglas lhs grqudtaoths ndsa÷grhf, sa`úf lhs grqudtaoths" asths vhlúmafas astçf ufdnhs phr uf aja na odroulgodÿf na lg ogsg, pgrg gprhvaoegr al tarrafh gl mçxdmh ragldzgrhf ufhs `rgfnas vhlgnhs yg qua al çrag utdldzgkla nal lhta sa dkg ranuodafnh ohfbhrma sa glogfzgkg lg ohtg mçs gltg" Lhs gmkdaftas gmkdaftas shod shodglas glas na astg ogsg as lg tarrg tarrgzg, zg, al nhrmd nhrmdthrdh thrdh prdfodpgl, prdfodpgl, lg sglg ohmanhrg, ohmanhrg, aftra htrhs. Lhs mgtardglas utdldzgnhs buarhf kçsdogmafta kçsdogmafta ohforath axpuasth, murhs tarrgjagnhs y pdftgnhs na klgfoh y pdanrg `rgfítdog. Gquallg astruoturg fh shlh sdrva pgrg al vargfh sdfh pgrg pgsgr al rasth nal g÷h.

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LG OG_G NA YLGTG _HLDMG[  Lg ogsg na plgyg _hlymgr bua ndsa÷gng y ohfstrudng fh shlh pgrg sar utdldzgng nurgfta thnh al g÷h, ohf ufg vdstg na ?29¹. _u astruoturg as na nhs fdvalas, parh g su vaz astç ndvdndng af nhs saothras trgfsvarsglas (_hodgl a Íftdmh). Al shodgl houpg lg pgrta nalgftarg qua tdafa majhr vdstg egodg lg plgyg. Af al prdmar fdval afohftrgmhs lg sglg ohmanhrg, lg ohodfg y tarrgzg pgrg lg pgrrdllg. Af al sa`ufnh fdval astç prÿxdmh g lg sglg ohmanhr y lg asoglarg raspaotdvgmafta, af al fdval supardhr ouaftg ohf ufg pdsodfg y tarrgzg ohf vdstg pgfhrçmdog na ?29¹. ^äofdogmafta lg ogsg astç ohfstrudng ohf lg mgyhr ogftdngn na mgtardgl axpuasth phrtgftas y al parmgfafta ohftgoth ohf lg krdsg. Lg astruoturg as na murhs na lgnrdllhs na ohforath vdkrgnh axpuasth phrtgftas.

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YLGTG NA ZH[[D^H_ Astç ogsg na plgyg na zhrrdths, as muy goh`anhrg y mhnarfg. Af al prdmar fdval afohftrgmhs > nhrmdthrdhs, thnhs ohf gdra gohfndodhfgnh, uf vaftdlgnhr, masgs na fhoea y lçmpgrgs.

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OG[GO^A[Í_^DOG_ NA QFG OG_G NA YLGTG Ygrg ndsa÷gr ufg ogsg af al mgr sa nakaf tafar af ouaftg lhs ndstdfths alamafths vgldhshs qua sa faoasdtgf pgrg prhta`arsa ohftrg al oglhr goumulgnh: goumulgnh: lg shmkrg, lg vaftdlgodÿf oruzgng. Ygrg ndsmdfudr lhs abaoths nal afthrfh sgldfh sa faoasdtg utdldzgr ohmphfaftas gftdohrrhsdvhs ohmh `glvgf `gl vgfdzg dzgnhs nhs,, glu glumdf mdfdh, dh, mgn mgnarg arg ta÷ ta÷dng dng,, og og÷g, ÷g, ehr ehrmd` md`ÿf ÿf y astuo astuoh. h. Htrg Htrg og ogrgo rgotar taríst ístdog dog dmphrtgfta as lg hrdaftgodÿf na lg vdvdafng, lg mgyhríg na lgs vaftgfgs fh nakaf raodkdr lg luz ndraotg nal shl.

_a puana saftdr lg krdzg af lgs tarrgzgs taoegngs, gprhvaoegfnh lg glturg na mandh fdval y sa ohmkdfgf lhs alamafths na mgnarg fgturgl y lg taxturg klgfog qua rablajg al shl, y lhs vaftgfglas shf ohf ohlhr rablaotgfta parmdtdafnh lg aftrgng na ufg pgrta na lg luz.

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Qf mÿnulh houlth phr lg utdldzgodÿf na `rgmg af al taoeh, ndspuasth pgrg kgjgr ufhs `rgnhs lg tampargturg nal dftardhr qua, gufqua shf muoehs vaftgfglas shf na ohlhr, ufg nabafsg g lg rgndgo rgn dgodÿf dÿf shl shlgr gr y gn gndod dodhfg hfglma lmafta fta sa vaf vaf lgs parsdg parsdgfgs fgs vartdo vartdogla glass qua parmdt parmdtaf af vg vgrdg rdgrr lg dlumdfgodÿf dftardhr 

Al ndsa÷h na `glarígs oukdartgs shf lg shluodÿf g lgs gltgs tampargturgs y sa ohmplamaftg ohf vaftdlgnhras na taoeh pgrg gprhvaoegr gl mçxdmh lg krdsg y tafar ufg tampargturg g`rgngkla.

Asta eh`gr tdafa gl brafta uf earmhsh mgr qua sa puana hksarvgr lhs glarhs, lgs oalhsígs, lgs  parsdgfgs y lg astruoturg na pdlgras, thnhs lhs alamafths qua gyungf g oragr ufg ogsg, ohaxdsta ohf lhs bgothras oldmçtdohs, prçotdog y bufodhfgl. 7;

 

Lgs astruoturgs ohftamphrçfags ohf pgftgllgs ld`args y bdjgs shkra lg bgoegng, af vaz na lhs olçsdohs glarhs shf htrg hpodÿf pgrg natarmdfgng dfodnafodg shlgr.

Qf taoeh ohf glarhs qua shkrasgla phr lg ohmkdfgodÿf na astruoturg na edarrh y mgnarg, af asta ogsh sa naka trgtgr ohftrg lg ohrrhsdÿf.

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 Lhs khoaths olçsdohs ohf lhs taoehs alavgnhs, (oukdartg ohf sgldng pravdstg pgrg al vdafth ogldafta sdtugnh af su pgrta supardhr) lg mgsdllg af klgfoh y muoehs na lhs alamafths fgturglas dfvdtgf g ndsbrutgr phr lh brasoh qua sa sdafta ^rgfohsh.

Lgs ohftrgpuartgs amplagngs gl brafta na lg olgrgkhyg as uf dfstrumafth mÿvdl qua ohfsd`ua natafar ohmplatgmafta h af pgrta sa`úf ohmh sa prabdarg lg dlumdfgodÿf napafndafnh na lg buarzg na lgs rgndgodhfas shlgras.

Al Gzul y al klgfoh tamg muy utdldzgnh pgrg lg plgyg phr sar ohlhras ralgjgftas y ngf lg safsgodÿf na brasourg gprhvaoegfnh lhs taoehs glths na og÷g gmgr`g.

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[AWQD_D^H_ YG[G QFG OG_G NA YLGTG Gl mhmafth na ohfstrudr ufg ogsg af lg plgyg as dmphrtgfta tafar af ouaftg ufg sarda na alamafths olgva qua egrçf na astg ufg vdvdafng mçs ohfbhrtgkla y nastgogng shkra htrgs, `rgo `rgodg dgss g lgs lgs ogrg ogrgot otar arís ístdo tdogs gs na su nd ndsa sa÷h ÷h.. Al Alam amaf afth thss qu quaa gn gnam amçs çs na ou oump mpld ldrr oh ohff lh lhss raquardmdafths kçsdohs na ufg vdvdafng, mgxdmdzgf su prhvaoeh, ndstrdkuodÿf, axtafsdÿf y ukdogodÿf. Asth, pgrg `grgftdzgr ufg axpardafodg plafg nurgfta lg astgníg af lg ogsg na plgyg. Gl mhmafth na ohfstrudr ufg ogsg af lg plgyg thmgmhs af ouaftg lgs faoasdngnas y `usths na fuastrhs oldaftas, raspatgfnh lgs fhrmgs y ra`lgmafths pgrg su ohfstruoodÿf. Yhr ash ta  prasaftgmhs lhs 0 alamafths na ndsa÷h qua fh nakaf bgltgr pg pgrg rg ohfstrudr ufg ogsg ogsg af lg plgyg. plgyg. _d qudaras ohfstrudr ufg ogsg af lg plgyg, af Rärtdoa Grqudtaoths shmhs axparths af egoar tu sua÷h ragldngn, puas ohftgmhs ohf al majhr aqudph na axparths qua egrçf na tu ogsg sh÷gng uf eaoeh.

7. Yarmdshs Gftas na dfng`gr af ouglqudarg na lhs pufths astrdotgmafta ralgodhfgnhs ohf lg grqudtaoturg na ufg ogsg af lg plgyg, as praodsh ohfsdnargr lhs parmdshs pgrg lg ohfstruoodÿf na lg vdvdafng. Asth dmpldog vardbdogr qua al tarrafh shkra al qua sa vg g ohfstrudr astä nakdngmafta sgfagnh, ohf ra`lg y raglmafta. ravdsgr lhs ra`lgmafths y pgrçmatrhs mufdodpglas pgrg sgkar qua as lhlhs quaparmdshs sa puanaafohfstrudr  Fgturglmafta, asta pgsh naka ohfsdnargrsa na mgfarg pravdg g lg ajaouodÿf nal prhyaoth grqudtaotÿfdoh, puas asth lh prhta`arç na ouglqudar ohftrgtdamph qua lh gbaota. Lhs grqudtaoths  puanaf gohfsajgr af lh qua g lg nhoumaftgo nhoumaftgodÿf dÿf raspaotg. _df amkgr`h, al oldafta puana d`uglmafta dfng`gr af thnh gquallh qua ohfsdnara faoasgrdh pgrg g`dldzgr su prhyaoth.

;. Zhfdbdogodÿf na lg ogsg na plgyg Egoar lg zhfdbdogodÿf na lg ogsg parmdta lg ukdogodÿf na lhs aspgodhs gnaougnhs gnaougnhs ohrraotgmafta dftarralgodhfgnhs aftra sí, na gouarnh g sus bufodhfas y faoasdngnas g sgtdsbgoar. ^hmgfnh af ouaftg lgs hkrgs gbdfas y ohmplamaf ohmplamaftgrdgs tgrdgs pgrg lh`rgr uf ndsa÷h ÿptdmh af lg ogsg. Ygrg lh`rgr ufg ndstrdkuodÿf gnaougng, as dmphrtgfta egoar uf plgfh `afargl na lg vdvdafng, asth parmdtdrç tafar ufg vdsdÿf na lg ogsg y bgodldtgr su mhndbdogodÿf af ogsh na qua sa raqudarg. As muy dmphrtgfta qua lg ndstrdkuodÿf sag bufodhfgl, safodllg y prçotdog. Lg bhrmg y al tgmg÷h na lhs ndbaraftas lu`gras na lg vdvdafng nakaf na astgr ndsa÷gnhs thmgfnh af ouaftg lh sd`udafta: •Egkdtgodhfas: al fúmarh na egkdtgodhfas vg g napafnar nal fúmarh na parshfgs qua dfta`rgf lg bgmdldg. ^afdafnh af ohfsdnargodÿf ogmkdhs buturhs phsdklas af lg ohmphsdodÿf bgmdldgr. _dampra as raohmafngkla qua taf`gf vaftdlgodÿf oruzgng. •Kg÷hs: lg ogftdngn astç sujatg gl fúmarh na egkdtgftas qua taf`g lg ogsg. •Ohodfg: su ukdogodÿf puana sar af uf gmkdafta sapgrgnh h kdaf ohmh axtafsdÿf na lg sglg h ohmanhr. 71

 

•_glg y ohmanhr: d`uglmafta puana astgr af gmkdaftas sapgrgnhs h af uf shlh aspgodh y al ohmanhr dfta`rgnh ohf lg ohodfg. •_g _glg lg na as astg tgrr: pu puan anaa bufo bufodh dhfg fgrr ohmh ohmh uf gm gmkd kdaf afta ta na nd ndst strd rdku kuod odÿf ÿf h sa sarr uf as aspg pgod odhh dfnapafndafta, `afarglmafta sa ukdog lg talavdsdÿf h as uf aspgodh pgrg lhs mçs paqua÷hs na lg ogsg. •^arrgzg:  Yrhkg Yrhkgklam klamafta afta al aspg aspgodh odh mçs dmph dmphrtgft rtgftaa af ufg ogsg na plgyg, plgyg, puana tafar ufg  pdsodfg dfta`rgng y sdampra nakaríg nakaríg na astgr kdaf pprhta`dng rhta`dng nal shl phr phr uf taoeh ldvdgfh. ldvdgfh. •Astgodhfgmdafths: Napafndafnh na lhs pgrçmatrhs na ogng plgyg puanaf astgr naftrh na lg ogsg h af astgodhfgmda astgodhfgmdafths fths `afarglas pgrg lhs usugrdhs nal ohfnhmdfdh.

?. Qkdogodÿf Lg ukdogodÿf nal lhta sdampra as uf bgothr muy dmphrtgfta af lg ohfstruoodÿf na ufg ogsg, aspaodglmafta af lgs na plgyg. Lg hrdaftgodÿf na lhs gmkdaftas naftrh nal lhta vg g napafnar  na lg ukdogodÿf nal lhta naftrh nal ohfnhmdfdh. Al gfçldsds na lg ukdogodÿf na lhs gmkdaftas y su hrdaftgodÿf vg g astgr ndraotgmafta ralgodhfgnh af lg mgyhríg na ogshs g lg dfodnafodg shlgr  y g htrh tdph na bgothras ohmh al vdafth h lg pafndafta nal tarrafh. As oldmg phr lhplgyarh gftardhr,puana qua alsar gohfndodhfgmda gohfndodhfgmdafth fth oldmçtdoh na lgsdafng ogsgslgafvaftdlgodÿf lg plgyg asoruzgng vdtgl, al sar muy ehstdl. Ygrg asth sa raohm raohmdafng oruz gngygafqua lg mgyhr ogftdngn na gmkdaftas phsdklas y lg kuafg dlumdfgodÿf na lhs mdsmhs pgrg ohftrhlgr al fdval na eumangn af lg ogsg y tafar gmkdaftas mçs brasohs. ^gmkdäf as dmphrtgfta ohftgr ohf ufg kuafg ogrpdftaríg na YRO h Glumdfdh qua af lh phsdkla ouafta ohf odarra earmätdoh.

>. Mgtardglas Ogng ufh na lhs prhyaoths qua sa muastrgf af lgs bgoegngs prhmuava al amplah na mgtardglas qua fh nakgf pdftgrsa, fd mgftafarsa h rastgurgr ohf al tdamph. Nakaf ala`drsa ravastdmdafths y gogkgnhs qua shphrtaf al oldm oldmgg na plgyg ohmh, ohmh, phr ajamplh: pdanrgs fgturglas, fgturglas, ohforaths axpuasths, glumdfdh y vdnrdh h mgnarg trgtgng pgrg axtardhras. Af al dftardhr na lg ogsg raohmafngmhs usgr pgrg lhs pdshs, afoegpas na phroalgfgth h oarçmdohs y af `afargl pgrg lgs pgranas dftardhras sa utdldzgf tgrrgjahs na oamafth ravastdnhs ohf pdfturgs lçtax. Af lg zhfg na tarrgzgs, af lhs khrnas na lg pdsodfg sa puanaf usgr   phroalgfgths gftdnasldzgftas gftdnasldzgftas h ta tarrgzhs rrgzhs rústdohs.

1. Mhkdldgrdh _a sgka qua lg grqudtaoturg y al ndsa÷h mhkdldgrdh sa egf ohrralgodhfgnh na mgfarg dmphrtgfta af al ndsa÷h na prhyaoths grqudtaotÿfdohs. As phr allh qua al mhkdldgrdh sa ohfvdarta af htrh na lhs alamafths g ohfsdnargr pgrg al ndsa÷h na ufg ogsg af lg plgyg. ^hmgfnh af ouaftg lgs ohfndodhfas na ufg ogsg na plgyg, al mhkdldgrdh naka pafsgrsa tgfth nasna su ush ohmh nasna su astätdog. Yhr asth, as dmphrtgfta, af prdmar lu`gr, aftafnar ouçl as al ndsa÷h mhkdldgrdh mçs hphrtufh pgrg lgs ogsgs af lg plgyg.

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Ygrg abaoths astätdohs, al mhkdldgrdh naka pafsgrsa nasna su gohpla ohf lhs mgtdoas na lg plgyg. Lg dnag as `afargr ufg ohmkdfgodÿf na ohlhras g`rgngkla pgrg lg naohrgodÿf na lg vdvdafng. Lgs prabarafodgs nal oldafta shf natarmdfgftas af asta ogsh, phr lh qua al ohfsafsh ohf al ndraothr na lg hkrg sarç dmphrtgfta.

2. Hrdaftgodÿf na lg ogsg As ufg pgrta muy dmphrtgfta af al ndsa÷h y ohfstruoodÿf na ufg ogsg af lg plgyg, phr lh qua naka egoarsa gmhlnçfnhsa g lg thph`rgbíg y gl gmkdafta nal tarrafh, kusogfnh lg aftrgng na luz y lg vdstg gl mgr sdf qua asth dmpldqua ufg mhndbdogodÿf dmphrtgfta gl parbdl nal tarrafh. Qfg hrdaftgodÿf egodg lg luz nal shl, parmdta ohfstrudr `rgfnas vaftgfgs y na astg bhrmg gprhvaoegr lg mçxdmg luz fgturgl phsdkla. Napafndafnh na lg hrdaftgodÿf na lg ogsg y al ohrta nal tarrafh, sa puana gfgldzgr ouçl as lg mgfarg ohrraotg na ohfstruoodÿf y ndstrdkuodÿf. Lg bhrastgodÿf y lg thph`rgbíg nal tarrafh puanaf vhlvarsa ufg bhrtglazg nal prhyaoth, d`ugl qua lhs nasfdvalas qua afrdquaoaf y phtafodgf lgs phsdkdldngnas. Lh dnagl as qua ogsg sa rhnaa ohf lg fgturglazg af ogng hrdaftgodÿf.

^AFNAFODG_ AF LG OHF_^[QOODßF NA OG_G_ NA YLGTG Lgs ogsgs na plgyg shf gmkdaftas af lhs qua lhs grqudtaoths puanaf axprasgr su oragtdvdngn ohf mgyhr ldkartgn, y lh mçs fuavh af ogsgs na plgyg as:

^arrgzgs asoglhfgngs Qfg na lgs majhras tafnafodgs af lg ohfstruoodÿf na bgoegngs shf lgs tarrgzgs asoglhfgngs,  phrqua sualaf varsa mhnarfgs y gtrgotdvgs, gnamçs fhs prhphrodhfg ufg vdsugl aspaotgoulgr. aspaotgoulgr. Gnamçs, asta astdlh fhs gyung g ngrla mhvdmdafth g lgs ogsgs. G trgväs na lhs aspgodhs gkdarths qua sa oragf af lgs tarrgzgs, sa puana ndsbrutgr al kuaf oldmg y na lg vdstg.

Ohodfgs nasoukdartgs Af lgs ogsgs na plgyg, lgs ohodfgs shf uf lu`gr na muoeg dmphrtgfodg g lg ehrg na ndsa÷gr y zhfdbdogr ufg natarmdfgng çrag. Af su mgyhríg shf na ohfoapth gkdarth. Yhr lh tgfth, as faoasgrdh qua lg ohodfg sag uf aspgodh prçotdoh, parh sdf hlvdngr qua naka sar  uf lu`gr bufodhfgl y shodgl. Astg ohfoapodÿf eg nardvgnh af lg tafnafodg na egoar ohodfgs nasoukdartgs, muy sdmdlgras g zhfgs na pgrrdllgs, parh mçs ohmplatgs.

Mgnarg, ohforath h matgl af ufg ogsg na plgyg [asultg pgrg muoehs grqudtaoths y ndsa÷gnhras g lg ehrg na ohfstrudr ufg pra`uftg: ¸quä mgtardglas sa utdldzgrçf8 T gufqua fh pgrazog tafar muoeg dmphrtgfodg, lhs mgtardglas y lg vdng útdl na asths mgrogrçf lg ndsorapgfodg na ohfstgfodg na lg ndstrdkuodÿf.

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Af al ogsh qua thmgmhs af asta grtíoulh, aftra lg mgnarg, ohforath h matgl af ufg ogsg af lg  plgyg egklgramhs astundgfnh lgs vaftgjgs y nasvaftgjgs na ogng ufh na asths mgtardglas g lg ehrg na ohfstrudr af asa afthrfh.

Lg mgnarg Qfg na lgs mçs trgndodhfglas bhrmgs na ohfstrudr as usgfnh lg mgnarg, su nurgkdldngn y rasdstafodg g lgs ohfndodhfas plgyargs lg egoaf ufg ogfndngtg dnagl pgrg lg ohfstruoodÿf na ogsgs. _df amkgr`h, af uf gmkdafta na ohfndodhfas fgturglas qua gbaotaf su ohmphsdodÿf, yg sag eumangn h subdodafta oglhr, puana natardhrgr lg mdsmg y puana qua lg ogsg raqudarg ufg ramhnalgodÿf gl mafhs ufg vaz gl g÷h pgrg sustdtudr lgs pdazgs na mgnarg qua astäf oarog na  parnar su vdng útdl.

Al ohforath Ohftrgrdh g lh qua sa pdafsg muoegs vaoas, ufg ogsg na ohforath af lg plgyg as muoeh mçs nurgnarg y fh faoasdtg na muoeh mgftafdmdafth axtardhr pgrg prasarvgr su dfta`rdngn. Al ohforath shphrtg ouglqudar tdph na ohfndodhfas fgturglas qua, ohmh suoana ohf muoehs mgtardglas, ohlgkhrg ohf su na`rgngodÿf. Lgs vdvdafngs na ohforath fh faoasdtgf na muoeg gtafodÿf mçs gllç na ufg avaftugl, afyasgnh y trgkgjh na pdfturg. Nakdnh g asth as mçs usugl qua raodkgs ohmh raohmafngodÿf na ouglqudar grqudtaoth as andbdogr ufg ogsg af lg plgyg usgfnh ohforath.

Al matgl Ohfsd`ua glogfzgr g sar ohfsdnargklamafta mçs kgrgth al ohfstrudr tu ogsg usgfnh matgl, parh ästa fh suala shphrtgr lgs ohfndodhfas ohfndodhfas sglgngs na lg plgyg, g lg lgr`g sa hxdng y sa ohrrha ohmh suoana ohf al goarh. Fh as mglg dnag usgr matglas pgrg lg bgoegng na lg ogsg usgfnh al ohforath, parh g bhrmg na ush axtarfh fh as muy raohmafngn raohmafngnh. h.

@rgfnas vdnrdargs _hf muy ohmufas af lgs ogsgs na plgyg as phr allh qua al vdnrdh puana najgr na sar  ohfsdnargnh ufg na lgs tafnafodgs af lg ohfstruoodÿf na ogsgs na plgyg. Asta mgtardgl fhs  parmdta gprhvaoegr gprhvaoegr thng lg luz fgtu fgturgl. rgl. Gnamçs, lgs vdstgs vdstgs nal mgr astçf astçf pgrg sar ndsbrutgngs. ndsbrutgngs.

Yraphfnargfodg Yraphfnarg fodg na lg dlumdfgodÿf Qfg vaz qua al shl sa houltg, lla`g al turfh na luodr lg ogsg g trgväs na lg dlumdfgodÿf grtdbdodgl. Al pufth na dfstglgr gogkgnhs ohmh lgs luoas axtarfgs fh as lg hstaftgodÿf. Yhr al ohftrgrdh, lg axedkdodÿf tdafa al bdf na g`rgngr g lhs vdsdtgftas h egkdtgftas na lg prhpdg ogsg.

Mgnarg y mgtardglas fgturglas Htrg na lgs tafnafodgs af lg ohfstruoodÿf af lgs ogsgs na plgygs as lg mgnarg. Asta mgtardgl rasdsta muy kdaf g lhs rgyhs nal shl y fhs krdfng al saftdnh na grmhfíg y aspírdtu nal mgr. Htrhs mgtardglas fgturglas, ohmh lgs sdllgs na mdmkra, tgmkdäf quangf muy kdaf as asta tdph na ohfstruoodhf ohfstruoodhfas. as. 75