Carta de Newmark

 

’BÒK OFI CHGFJ_FJBSHK OFI \FSV0 3.3. >.3. DB DB_FSH _FSHBI BI HHWK WK_S _S \HGK \HGK

fxhstfj dbtfrhbifs, tbifs gkdk gkdk iks ifgaks rkgksks sfohdfjtbrhks quf jk ik gudpifj.

OFNKSDBGH×J

jk ab bigbjzbok fi pujtk of niufjghb.

DFGBJHGB OF WVFIKW HH0 OHW_SHCVGHKJ OF FWNVFSPKW FJ IB DBWB OFI WVFIK  

 

Ib skiugh÷j krhehjbi of Ckusshjfsq (2116) pbrb ib oftfrdhjbgh÷j ofi hjgrfdfjtk of fsnufrzks fj fi pujtk B of ib Nheurb, ofchok b ujb gbreb pujtubi \ bpihgbob fj ib supfrnhghf= nuf rfbihzbob Hjhghbidfjtf Hjhghbidfjtf pbrb fi shstfdb of gkkrofjbobs pkibrfs (r, z). ,

DFGBJHGB OF WVFIKW HH0 OHW_SHCVGHKJ OF FWNVFSPKW FJ IB DBWB OFI WVFIK  

 

\kstfrhkrdfjtf, fstbs fgubghkjfs nufrkj trbjsnkrdbobs bi shstfdb of gkkrofjbobs rfgtbjeuibr rfgtb jeuibrfs, fs, okjof fi vbikr v bikr of z fs dfohok fj nkrdb ofsgfjofjtf y fs heubi b ib prknujohobo ofi pibjk akrhzkjtbi quf gkjthfjf bi pujtk okjof sf gbiguibj iks fsnufrzks, shfjok x y y ibs ohdfjshkjfs ibtfrbifs.

DFGBJHGB OF WVFIKW HH0 OHW_SHCVGHKJ OF FWNVFSPKW FJ IB DBWB OFI WVFIK  

 

5. CVICK OF \SFWHKJFW

DFGBJHGB OF WVFIKW HH0 OHW_SHCVGHKJ OF FWNVFSPKW FJ IB DBWB OFI WVFIK  

 

 

1. OHW_SHCVGHKJ OF FWNVFSPKW FJ FI _FSSFJK OFCHOK B VJB GBSEB GHSGVIBS

y shstfdb of f`fs uthihzbok. \brthfjok of ib skiugh÷j obob pkr Ckusshjfsq pbrb ujb gbreb pujtubi, y ohvhohfjok o hvhohfjok uj ârfb

 

Hjtferbjok fj tkob ib supfrnhghf ofi ârfb ghrguibr, tfjoräbdks quf0

gbrebob gkj uj vbikr of fsnufrzk of gkjtbgtk (q) ujhnkrdfdfjtf ohstrhcuhok, fj ujb  prknujohobo obob obob (z) gubiquhfrb,sfrb0

S0 fs fi rbohk of ib ghdfjtbghkj, y sfrb heubi b S4C/3

of ib ghdfjtbgh÷j abstb pujtk hjvfsthebok y b ib prknujohobo (z).

vbikr of ib nujgh÷j, of tbi dbjfrb quf fi hjgrfdfjtk of gbreb sf pufof fxprfsbr gkdk0

DFGBJHGB OF WVFIKW HH0 OHW_SHCVGHKJ OF FWNVFSPKW FJ IB DBWB OFI WVFIK  

 

Fj fstf gbsk quf fstbdks bjbihzbjok fi cuick of prfshkjfs ofchok b ujb gbreb ghrguibr, fstf

bcbgk of ib nheurb bjtfrhkr, ib dâxhdb prknujohobo prknujo hobo (Oc) quf tkdb fi cuick of prfshkjfs fs fi gfjtrkbprkxhdbobdfjtfboks vfgfs fibjgak(C)kok vfgfs fiohâdftrk(O)ofib nujobgh÷j, iufek pkofdks bprkxhdbr0 bprkxhdbr0

8. OHW_SHCVGH×J OF FWNVFSPKW FJ FI _FSSFJK OFCHOK B VJB GBSEB SFG_BJEVIBS

fxtfjohèjokib pbrb fi gbsk of ujb supfrnhghf rfgtbjeuibr, fstbcifghfjok quf pbrb uj pujtk gubiquhfrb (b) ofcb`k of ib fsquhjb of ujb ghdfjtbgh÷j rfgtbjeuibr, of bjgak C y ibrek I, gbrebob gkj uj vbikr of fsnufrzk of gkjtbgtk (q) ujhnkrdfdfjtf ohstrhcuhok, fj ujb  prknujohobo obob (z), fi fsnufrzk sfrâ0

DFGBJHGB OF WVFIKW HH0 OHW_SHCVGHKJ OF FWNVFSPKW FJ IB DBWB OFI WVFIK  

 

Sfskivhfjok ib hjtferbi0

Fi vbikr ofi nbgtkr hjniufjghb i(d,j), shfdprf ofcfrâ fstbr fjtrf0

fi erbnhgk of ib nheurb nheurb of iks iks cuicks pbrb ohnfrfjtfs vbikrfs of d y j k of ib tbcibsheuhfjtf. DFGBJHGB OF WVFIKW HH0 OHW_SHCVGHKJ OF FWNVFSPKW FJ IB DBWB OFI WVFIK  

 

Fstb nheurb jks dufstrb fi nbgtkr of hjniufjghb pbrb ohnfrfjtfs vbikrfs of d y j.

_bcib0 vbikr ofi nbgtkr of hjniufjghb pbrb ohnfrfjtfs vbikrfs of d y j. Ib prknujohobo ofi cuick of prfshkjfs prfshkjfs (Oc) of uj ârfb rfgtbjeuibr rfgtbjeuibr fs ohnäghi of oftfrdhjbr of nkrdb efjfrbi, dbs buj gubjok fs ujb ohstrhcugh÷j of gbreb gkdpufstb gkdpufstb.. Wf pufof ofoughr quf  quf  DFGBJHGB OF WVFIKW HH0 OHW_SHCVGHKJ OF FWNVFSPKW FJ IB DBWB OFI WVFIK  

 

fstb vbrhbräb fjtrf oks vfgfs su bjgak (C) (fj fi gbsk of ujb zbpbtb guborbob) y trfs vfgfs su

gkdk0 2