Cargas, Campos y Fuersas Prac 3

 

 

MKYNK], MKCXA] T @RBY\K BJÄMWYDMK Rodvbrsdgkg gb Mýrgaik Gpta. gb Donbodbrãk Dogustrdkj

Lkdra B. Pkrdjjk Nýcbz Lasb K. Artbnk Meëvbz Guvko G. Yaktëo Yacbra

Ybsucbo ]bk bj mkcpa bjämtrdma jk `ubrzk bjämtrdmk bo uodgkgbs gb mkrnk, gb bstb caga y cbgdkotb jas sdcujkgarbs sucdodstrkgas par bj gambotb (Eamfby Bjämtrdma, Mkrnks y Mkcpas),  pagbcas vbr jk dotbrkmmdýo gb bstas mkcpas botrb bjbcbotas mao gd`brbotbs a dnukj mkrnks. Bo bj prdcbr sdcujkgar eamfby bjämtrdma, vbcas jk dotbrkmmdýo botrb uoks pkrtãmujks obnktdvks y pasdtdvks pkrk k vbr cavbr uok bo bspbmã`dma, sb oatk maca bs jk rbjkmdýo botrb mkcpas gb dnukj a gb gd`brbotbs mkrnks. Bo bj sbnuoga sdcujkgar vbcas bj mkcpa gb uok `arck cës bspbmã`dmk, jk gdrbmmdýo gb tack bj mkcpa y cbgdkotb uoas sbosarbs luota k jk mdotk cätrdmk tackr vkjarbs. ;. 

Wbarãk Ybjkmdaokgk

Mkcpa bjämtrdma Bj mkcpa bjämtrdma sb gb`dob maca jk `ubrzk bjämtrdmk par uodgkg gb mkrnk. Jk gdrbmmdýo gbj mkcpa sb tack maca jk gdrbmmdýo gb jk `ubrzk qub blbrmbrãk sairb uok mkrnk pasdtdvk gb prubik. Bj mkcpa bjämtrdma bstë gdrdndga rkgdkjcbotb ekmdk `ubrk gb uok mkrnk pasdtdvk y rkgdkjcbotb ekmdk bj dotbrdar gb uok mkrnk puotukj obnktdvk.

 

 

Mkcpa Bjämtrdma gb uok Mkrnk Xuotukj Bj mkcpa bjämtrdma gb uok mkrnk puotukj sb pubgb aitbobr gb jk jby gb Maujaci<

Bj mkcpa bjämtrdma bstë gdrdndga rkgdkjcbotb ekmdk `ubrk gb uok mkrnk  puotukj bo tagks jks gdrbmmdaobs. Jas mãrmujas rbprbsbotko supbr`dmdbs bqudpatbomdkjbs bs`ärdmks.

9.  Cbtagajanãk y rbsujtkgas Xrdcbrk pkrtb< Kirb jk sdcujkmdýo gb Eamfby Bjämtrdma. Wrktk gb ekmbr uo naj krrkstrkoga jks mkrnks pasdtdvks kj ërbk gb  lubna

Bj mkcpa bjämtrdma gb mukjqudbr oücbra gb mkrnks puotukjbs, sb pubgb aitbobr par jk suck vbmtardkj gb jas mkcpas dogdvdgukjbs. Ro mkcpa gdrdndga ekmdk `ubrk sb tack maca pasdtdva6 bj mkcpa gb mkrnk obnktdvk bstë gdrdndga ekmdk bj dotbrdar gb jk mkrnk

Maostkotb bjämtrdmk y Cknoätdmk ]b usko oarckjcbotb trbs maostkotbs bo jks bmukmdaobs qub gbsmrdibo jas mkcpas bjämtrdma y cknoätdma y su prapknkmdýo. Rok bs jk vbjamdgkg gb jk juz m, y jks atrks gas sao jk pbrcdtdvdgkg bjämtrdmk gbj vkmda β8 y jk pbrcbkidjdgkg cknoätdmk gbj vkmda, κ8. Jk pbrcbkidjdgkg cknoätdmk gbj vkmda sb maosdgbrk qub tdbob bj

]bnuogk pkrtb< Bxkcdokr jk dcknbo mao uok mkrnk pasdtdvk y uok mkrnk obnktdvk bo bj mkcpa gb lubna mao bj gdsma  pasdtdva.

sdnudbotb vkjar bxkmta

Bstk κ8 maotdbob jk uodgkg gb `ubrzk O  pkrk bj Obwtao y jk uodgkg K bs bj Kcpbrda, jk uodgkg gb dotbosdgkg gb marrdbotb bjämtrdmk. Mao jk pbrcbkidjdgkg cknoätdmk bstkijbmdgk, jk pbrcdtdvdgkg bjämtrdmk tack bj vkjar gkga bo jk `ýrcujk

Wbrmbrk pkrtb2 9,845 9,940 ;,5; ;,29= ;,994 8,540

]d bj gdsma sb bomubotrk mkrnkga  pasdtdvkcbotb, tkota uok mkrnk obnktdvk maca uok mkrnk pasdtdvk blbrmbrëo uok `ubrzk sairb bj gdsma, mrbkoga uo mkcpa bjämtrdma qub ktrkb bj gdsma ekmdk jk mkrnk obnktdvk y k su vbz ja kjblkrë gb jk mkrnk  pasdtdvk. 

B(P/c) ;,=7 9,85 ;,04 9,>5 =,55 0,;; ;;,2

m. ±[uä mrbbs qub pkskrãk sd utdjdzks 9 mkrnks a cës (gb dnukj sdnoa) bo junkr gb uok pkrk ekmbr qub bj gdsma sb

Wkijk O 9. Cbgdgks gb mkrnk `ubotb y bj mkcpa bjämtrdma, pkrk uok gdstkomdk `dlk  3 9 c

[ (oM) ; 9 = 7 2 0 >

[ (M) 8,88888888; 8,888888889 8,88888888= 8,888888887 8,888888882 8,888888880 8,88888888>

i. ±Xar quä pubgb utdjdzkr uok mkrnk pasdtdvk a uok mkrnk obnktdvk pkrk cavbr bj gdsma mkrnkga pasdtdvkcbotb1

B (P/c) 9,9> 7,2= 0,>5 4,87 ;;,= ;=,0 ;2,5

cubvk1 Mukoga utdjdzkcas gas mkrnks, kpkrbmbo `jbmeks bo gdstdotks gdrbmmdaobs, pbra bj gdsma sdbcprb sb cavbrë bo jk rbsujtkotb, qub skibcas qub bs dnukj k jk suck gb jks `ubrzks dogdvdgukjbs qub sairb bstk mkrnk (gdsma) blbrmbrjks gbcës 

g. Lubnk mao jk sdcujkmdýo pkrk macpraikr tus dgbks kmbrmk gb cavbr uo gdsma mkrnkga mao atrks mkrnks. Xao k prubik tus dgbks lunkoga y gbsmrdib mýca utdjdzkr jks mkrnks pkrk ekmbr uo

 

 

naj bo bj odvbj ;. Domjuyb uok dcknbo gb pkotkjjk gb tu mao`dnurkmdýo mao bj gdsma bo jk cbtk. Majamkcas trbs mkrnks, uok obnktdvk y gas pasdtdvks. Bsta mao bj `do gbdcpujskr bj gdsma ekmdboga usa gb jk `ubrzk bjämtrdmk pragumdgk par mkgk mkrnk. ]b majamk uok mkrnk pasdtdvk bo jk pkrtb gb ktrës gbj gdsma mao bj `do gbqub ekyk uok rbpujsdýo botrb bjjas y janrbcas dcpujskr bj gdsma ekmdk uoa gb jas bxtrbcas gbj aistëmuja, pastbrdarcbotb majamkcas atrk mkrnkpasdtdvk bo jk pkrtb do`brdar gb gdmea aistëmuja pkrkqub gbsvãb bj gdsta ekmdk jk  pkrtb supbrdar, par üjtdca, utdjdzkcas uok uo k mkrnk obnktdvk pkrk qub ktrklbrk kj gdsma y ksã gbsvdkrja ekmdk jk partbrãk.

jksmkrks dnukjbs, maca gbsmkrnks obnktdvks a gas mkrnks pasdtdvks, sb rbpbjbo cutukcbotb. Jks mkrnks apubstks sb ktrkbo, par bstk rkzýo sbrë ktrkãgk ekmdk jk mkrnk obnktdvk. 

g. ±Mýca sb vbrãko jks `jbmeks sd bj gdsma `ubrk obnktdva1 Wbodboga bo mubotk qub jks mkrnks gb dnukj sdnoa sb rbpbjbo y qub jks gb gd`brbotb sdnoa sb ktrkbo, botaombs

]bnuogk pkrtb< k. ±[uä mrbbs qub djustrko jks `jbmeks gbj gdsma1 Jks `jbmeks djustrko jk `ubrzk qub blbrmbo kciks mkrnks sairb bj gdsma, y bstës gbpbogbo gbj sdnoa gb mkgk mkrnk, sdboga gb ktrkmmdýo y gb rbpujsdýo. 

b. Ybvdsk tus dgbks uskoga Eamfby Bjämtrdma.

i. ±Mýca sb macpkrk y maotrkstk jk `jbmek gb jk mkrnk pasdtdvk mao jk gb jk mkrnk obnktdvk1 Kciks `jbmeks pkrtbo gbsgb uok mkrnk, bsta bs, skjbo gb jks mkrnks pasdtdvks y botrko k jks obnktdvks. Bo bstb mksa  pagbcas vbr qub kciks `jbmeks rbprbsbotko jk `ubrzk bjämtrdmk pragumdgk  par mkgk mkrnk sairb bj gdsma, vbcas qub jk jãobk ralk y jk kzuj tdbobo gd`brbotbs gdrbmmdaobs y bsta bs gbidga k jk pasdmdýo gb jks mkrnks rbspbmta kj gdsma.  

m. ±Gb quä ckobrk mrbbs qub sb cavbrë bj gdsma1 Bj gdsma sb cavbrë ekmdk jk mkrnk obnktdvk, qub kcias, bxdstb uok `ubrzk qub gb ktrkmmdýo yk botrb skibcas

]b rbvdsý bj sdcujkgar y sb puga marraiarkr jks dgbks kotbrdarbs

`. Kmtdvk jk apmdýo gb mkcpa pkrk vdsukjdzkr bj mkcpa bjämtrdma. ±Muëj bs jk gd`brbomdk botrb jks jãobks gb mkcpa kjrbgbgar gb uok mkrnk y jks `jbmeks qub skjbo gbj gdsma1

 

 

Jk gd`brbomdk bs qub jks jãobks qub sb vdsukjdzko skjdboga gb jks mkrnks sao jks jjkckgks jãobks gb mkcpa, y bstks sao jks qub oas kyugko k tbobr uok dgbk gb mýca vkrdk jk gdrbmmdýo gbj mkcpa bjämtrdma, jks jãobks gb mkcpa skjbo gb jk mknk pasdtdvk, cdbotrks qub, mao jk mkrnk obnktdvk, bstks

Wbrmbrk Xkrtb<

jãobks jjbnko k bjjk. T jks `jbmeks qub skjbo gbj gdsma rbprbsbotko jk `ubrzk qub blbrmbo kciks mkrnks sairb bstb.

koatkr tus gktas.

n. Xdbosk bo mýca pubgbs uskr jks jãobks gb mkcpa Xs krk prbgbmdr bj cavdcdbota gbj gdsma sd jks `jbmeks bstëo amujtks. Xao k prubik tus dgbks lunkoga y gbsmrdib mýca utdjdzkr jks mkrnks pkrk ekmbr uo naj bo bj odvbj 9. Domjuyb uok dcknbo gb pkotkjjk gb tu mao`dnurkmdýo mao bj gdsma bo jk cbtk. Xkrk bj odvbj 9 edmdcas usa gb 2 mkrnks, muktra pasdtdvks y uok obnktdvk. Jk  prdcbrk mkrnk mk rnk sb uidmý gb tkj ckobrk qub bj mkcpa bjämtrdma nbobrkga dcpujskrk bj gdsma ekmdk kgbjkotb, jk sbnuogk mkrnk tkcidäo pasdtdvk, uidmý kotbs gb jjbnkr kj sbnuoga aistëmuja gbidga k qub bj gdsma bs pasdtdva y gb bstk ckobrk sb diko k kjblkr, dcpdgdboga ksdqub bj gdsma majdsdaokrk mao gdmea aistëmuja. Jubna, majamkcas uok mkrnk obnktdvk mao jk `uomdýo gb qub bj mkcpa gbsvdkrk kj gdsma ekmdk jk partbrãk y atrk mkrnk pasdtdvk pkrk dcpbgdr qub bj gdsma ndrkrk botaroa k jk mkrnk obnktdvk (gbidga k jk ktrkmmdýo botrb bjjas) y par üjtdca uok mkrnk pasdtdvk bo jk bsqudok do`brdar gbrbmek majamkgk gb tkj caga qub bj mkcpa nbobrkga par bstk oa k`bmtkrk sdnod`dmktdvkcbotb jks jãobks gb mkcpa gbj rbsta gb jks mkrnks y pugdbrk gbsvdkr bj gdsma ekmdk jk partbrãk.

k) Gbtbrcdok jk rbjkmdýo botrb jk gdstkomdk y bj mkcpa bjämtrdma kjrbgbgar gb uo mubrpa mkrnkga. Nrë`dmk y gbtbrcdok jk bmukmdýo pkrk tkj rbjkmdýo. Rsk jk sdnudbotb tkijk pkrk Wkijk ;. Cbgdgks gb gdstkomdk gbsgb jk `ubotb y bj mkcpa bjämtrdma (pagbcas bomaotrkrjk bo jk pkrtb gb jas rbsujtkgas)

B(P/c) Ps r(c) ;7

y 3 4.9=80x-9.8==

;9 ;8

B(P/c) Ps r(c)

     )     c 5      /      P      ( 0      B

Xawbr (B(P/c) Ps r(c))

7 9 8 8

;

9

r(c)

Jk rbjkmdýo qub bxdstb botrb jk gdstkomdk y bj mkcpa bjämtrdma bs, qub k cbgdgk qub jk gdstkomdk vk kucbotkoga, jk dotbosdgkg gbj mkcpa bjämtrdma vk gdscdouyboga. Bmukmdýo< B 3 4,9=8 ∙9,8= 

i. Gbtbrcdok jk rbjkmdýo botrb jk mkotdgkg gb mkrnk y bj mkcpa bjämtrdma kjrbgbgar gb uo mubrpa mkrnkga. Nrë`dmk y gbtbrcdok jk bmukmdýo pkrk tkj rbjkmdýo. Rsk jk sdnudbotb tkijk pkrk koatkr tus gktas. Oatk< Xubgbs kpdjkr mkrnks uok bomdck gb atrk pkrk ekmbr qub jk mkotdgkg gb mkrnk vkrãb. Wkijk 9. Cbgdgks gb mkrnk `ubotb y bj mkcpa bjämtrdma, pkrk uok gdstkomdk `dlk (jk pagbcas bomaotrkr bo jk pkrtb gb jas rbsujtkgas)

=

   

 

gdrbmmdýo cks k gbtkjjb, ja qub oas gk k maoambr jk gdrbmtk praparmdaokjdgkg botrb bj vkjar gb uo mkcpa bjämtrdma mao jk gdstkomdk y bj oücbra gb mkrnk kjrbgbgar gb uo mubrpa yk mkrnkga.

B(P/c) Ps [(oM)

98

y 3 9.9254x + 8.8; ;2

B(P/c) Ps [(oM)

     )     c      /;8      P      (      B

Yb`brbomdks idijdanrë`dmks<

Jdobkr (B(P/c) Ps [(oM))

2 8 8

9

7

0

[(oM)

Jk rbjkmdýo qub bxdstb botrb jk mkotdgkg gb mkrnks qub sb bomubotrko kjrbgbgar gb uo mubrpa mkrnkga k uok gdstkomdk maostkotb y bj mkcpa bjämtrdma bs gdrbmtkcbotb  praparmdaokj, bs gbmdr kj cujtdpjdmkr jk mkotdgkg gb mkrnks par uo oücbra gb uoa bj vkjar gbj mkcpa bjämtrdma qubgk cujtdpjdmkga par bj cdsca oücbra. Bo jk  prëmtdmk kotbrdar bo oücbra gb mkrnks sb kucbotkik bo uo `kmtar gb uoa y sb aisbrvý qub bj vkjar gbj mkcpa bjämtrdma kucbotkik sb vkjarbo bj cdsca `kmtar Bmukmdýo< B 3 9,925[+8,8;

7.  Maomjusdaobs< Bo maomjusdýo, jk rbjkmdýo botrb mkrnks gb dnukj a gd`brbotb sdnoa mucpjbo nbobrko uok rbjkmdýo botrbs mkcpas bjämtrdmas, bsta ja vdcas bo jas gas sdcujkgarbs, gb caga qub aisbrvkcas qub jk gdrbmmdýo gb uo mkcpa bjämtrdma skjb gb uok mkrnk  pasdtdvk y jjbnk k uok mkrnk obnktdvk, bo bj prdcbr sdcujkgar ja bxpbrdcbotkcas kj ekmbr cavbr jk pumf gb eamfby mkrnkga  pasdtdvkcbotb, cbgdkotb jk dotbrkmmdýo mao jks mkrnks obnktdvks y pasdtdvks, jk qub ekmdk qub sb cavdbrk par jk pkotkjjk, bo b sbnuoga sdcujkgar vbcas jks

5

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