Carbon Compounds MCQ

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Multiple Choice Questions Chemistry: Chapter 44 Introduction to selected homologous series Sections 44.144.2 1 Which of the following are characteristics of compounds in the same homologous series? (1) They have the same physical properties. (2) They have similar chemical properties. (3) They have the same general formula. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 2 Which of the following statements concerning organic compounds are correct? (1) Organic compounds are compounds of carbon. (2) Organic compounds can be represented by condensed formulae. (3) Each organic compound has its own unique IUPAC name. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 3 Which of the following statements concerning the members of a homologous series are correct? (1) Each of them differs from the next one by a CH 2  group. (2) They have the same functional group. (3) They have the same chemical properties. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Section 44.3 ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

401

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

4 Which of the following are common properties of alcohols and carboxylic acids? (1) Both of them have relatively higher boiling points than alkanes with a similar relative molecular mass. (2) Both of them can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds. (3) Lower members of both series are miscible with water. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 5 Which of the following statements concerning pent-1-ene and hex-2-ene are correct? (1) They can decolorize bromine water in the dark. (2) They are insoluble in water. (3) They belong to the same homologous series because they have the same empirical formula. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 6 Which of the following compounds belong to the same homologous series? (1) 1-chloropropene (2) 1-chloropropane (3) 2-chlorobutane A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 7 The strength of intermolecular forces of alkanes depends on (1) the molecular mass. (2) the molecular size. (3) the presence of multiple bonds. A. (1) and (2) only ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

402

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

B. C. D.

(1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

8 Which of the following is the IUPAC name for CH 3 CH(CH 3 )CH 3 ? A. Butane B. 2-methylbutane C. 1-methylpropane D. 2-methylpropane 9 Which of the following statements concerning pentane and 2,2-dimethylpropane are correct? (1) They have the same molecular formula. (2) Pentane is a straight-chain alkane while 2,2-dimethylpropane is a branched-chain alkane. (3) The dispersion forces among pentane molecules are weaker than those among 2,2-dimethylpropane molecules. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Section 44.4 10 Which of the following organic compounds does NOT have the molecular formula of C3H6O2? A. Propanoic acid B. Methyl ethanoate C. Ethyl ethanoate D. Ethyl methanoate 11 Which of the following organic molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds as well as van der Waals’ forces? (1) Butan-2-ol (2) Propanamide ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

403

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(3) Pentanal A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 12 Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing boiling points of the organic compounds? A. Propanoic acid > Methyl ethanoate > Propan-1-ol B. Propan-1-ol > Methyl ethanoate > Propanoic acid C. Propanoic acid > Propan-1-ol > Methyl ethanoate D. Methyl ethanoate > Propanoic acid > Propan-1-ol 13 What is the IUPAC name for the organic compound with the condensed formula of CHBr 2 CHFCHClCH 3 ? A. B. C. D.

4,4-dibromo-2-chloro-3-fluorobutane 1,1-dibromo-2-fluoro-3-chlorobutane 1,1-dibromo-2-fluoro-3-chloro-3-methylpropane 1,1-dibromo-3-chloro-2-fluorobutane

14 Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing boiling points of the organic compounds? A. Ethanamide > Propanoic acid > Methyl ethanoate B. Propanoic acid > Ethanamide > Methyl ethanoate C. Propanoic acid > Methyl ethanoate > Ethanamide D. Methyl ethanoate > Propanoic acid > Ethanamide 15 Pyrethrum flowers contain a natural insecticide called pyrethrin. Pyrethrin has the following structure:

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

404

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Which of the following functional groups are present in pyrethrin? (1) Carbon-carbon double bond (2) Ester group (3) Ketone group A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

16 Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing boiling points of the organic compounds? A. Ethanoic acid > ethanol > ethanamide > chloroethane B. Chloroethane > ethanoic acid > ethanamide >ethanol C. Ethanol > chloroethane > ethanoic acid > ethanamide D. Ethanamide > ethanoic acid > ethanol > chloroethane 17 Which of the following statements concerning unsubstituted amides and primary amines are INCORRECT? (1) Both of them are acid derivatives. (2) Both of them have higher boiling points than carboxylic acids with a similar relative molecular mass. (3) Each ethanamide molecule can form a maximum of four hydrogen bonds with water molecules while each ethanamine molecule can form a maximum of three hydrogen bonds with water molecules. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

405

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

C. D.

(2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

18 Which of the following sets of compounds is in the same homologous series? A. C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 6 , C 4 H 10 B. CH 3 OH, CH 3 OCH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH C. CH 3 Cl, C 3 H 7 Cl, C 5 H 11 Cl D. CH 3 COOH, CH 3 COOCH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 COCH 2 OH 19 Which of the following compounds are miscible with water? (1) Propan-1-ol (2) Chloromethane (3) Propanoic acid A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 20 Which of the following compounds is insoluble in water? A. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH B. C. D.

CH 3 CCl 3 CH 3 COCH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CHO

21 Which of the following statements concerning the compounds in the same homologous series are correct? (1) Their boiling points increase with the length of hydrocarbon chains. (2) Their solubilities in water decrease with the length of hydrocarbon chains. (3) They have similar chemical properties. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

406

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

22 Which of the following homologous series does NOT have hydrogen bonds between their molecules? A. Ketones B. Alcohols C. Primary amines D. Carboxylic acids 23 Which of the following homologous series does NOT form hydrogen bonds with water molecules? A. Aldehydes B. Ketones C. Esters D. Alkanes 24 Which of the following compounds has the highest boiling point? A. Propene B. Propanone C. Propan-1-ol D. Propanoic acid 25 Which of the following compounds are soluble in water? (1) Propan-2-ol (2) Butanoic acid (3) 2-fluoropropane A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 26 Which of the following statements concerning esters are correct? (1) The general formula of esters is RCOOR’. (2) There are hydrogen bonds among the ester molecules. (3) Lower members of esters are soluble in water. ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

407

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

27 Which of the following statements concerning 2-methylpropanamide are correct? (1) It is a substituted amide. (2) It is slightly denser than water. (3) It is soluble in water because its molecules can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 28 Which of the following are the common properties of alkanes and alkenes? (1) Both are insoluble in water. (2) Both are less dense than water. (3) Both have higher boiling points but lower melting points than other organic compounds with similar relative molecular masses. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 29 What is the condensed formula of the following compound?

A. B. C. D.

CHBrCHC≡CCOOH CHBr=CHC≡CCOOH CHBrCHCCCOOH CHBr=CHC≡CC=OOH

30

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

408

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing boiling point. Butanol, Butanone, Butanoic acid A. B. C. D.

Butanol  Butanone  Butanoic acid Butanone  Butanol  Butanoic acid Butanoic acid  Butanone  Butanol Butanoic acid  Butanol  Butanone

31 Which of the following statements concerning unsubstituted amides are correct? (1) The general formula of amides is RCONH 2 , where R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. (2) The boiling points of amides are higher than that of carboxylic acids because amides have more extensive hydrogen bonds than carboxylic acids. (3) Each amide molecule can form a maximum of four hydrogen bonds with the other amide molecules. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 32 Which of the following combinations is correct? Homologous series

General formula

A.

Aldehydes

RCOR’

B.

Primary amines

RNH 2

C.

Ketones

RCHO

D.

Substituted amides

RCONH 2

33 Which of the following compounds are soluble in water? (1) Propyl methanoate (2) Butan-1-amine (3) Butanone A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

409

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

34 Which of the following is the condensed formula for 4-bromopent-2-ene? A. CH 3 CH=CHCHBrCH 3 B. CH 3 CHCHCHBrCH 3 C. CH 3 CBrCHCH 2 CH 3 D. CH 3 CBr=CHCH 2 CH 3 35 What is the IUPAC name for CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CHO? A. Butan-1-ol B. Butanal C. 3-methylpropan-1-ol D. 3-methylpropanal 36 What is the IUPAC name for CH 2 ClCH 2 Br? A. B. C. D.

1-chloro-2-bromoethane 2-chloro-1-bromoethane 1-bromo-2-chloroethane 2-bromo-1-chloroethane

37 Which of the following compounds have hydrogen bonds as well as van der Waals’ forces among their molecules? (1) Methyl propanoate (2) 2-methylpropanamide (3) 2,3-dichloropropan-1-ol A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 38 Which of the following is the IUPAC name for CH 3 C(OH) 2 CH 3 ? A. 2,2-hydroxypropane B. 2,2-dihydroxypropane C. Propan-2,2-ol D. Propane-2,2-diol ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

410

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

39 Which of the following is the condensed formula for propan-2-ol? A. CH 3 CHOHCH 3 B. CH 3 CH 2 OHCH 3 C. CH 2 OHCH 2 CH 3 D. CH 3 OHCH 2 CH 3 40 Which of the following statements concerning unsubstituted amides are correct? (1) 2-methylpropanamide is an unsubstituted amide. (2) The general formula for unsubstituted amides is RNH 2 , where R is an alkyl group. (3) There are hydrogen bonds as well as van der Waals’ forces among the unsubstituted amides molecules. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 41 What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

A. B. C. D.

2-methylbutanone 3-methylbutanone 3-methyl-2-oxobutane 2-methyl-3-oxobutane

42 Which of the following is the IUPAC name for CH 3 CH(CH 3 )COOH? A. Butanoic acid B. Propanoic acid C. 2-methylbutanoic acid D. 2-methylpropanoic acid

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

411

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

43 Which of the following is the condensed formula for ethyl ethanoate? A. CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 B. CH 3 CH 2 COOC 2 H 5 C. CH 3 COOCH 3 D. CH 3 CH 2 COOCH 3 44 Which of the following is the structural formula for methyl methanoate? A.

B.

C.

D.

45 Which of the following is the IUPAC name for CH 3 CH 2 CONH 2 ? A. 1-aminopropanone B. 1-amino-1-oxopropane C. 1-oxo-1-aminopropane D. Propanamide 46 Which of the following statements concerning primary amines are correct? (1) Primary amines are those with only one hydrogen atom attached to the nitrogen atom replaced by an alkyl group. (2) Pentan-3-amine is a primary amine. (3) Each amine group can form a maximum of three hydrogen bonds with water molecules. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 47 ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

412

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Which of the following statements concerning methanoic acid and propane are correct? (1) They have similar relative molecular masses. (2) Methanoic acid has a higher boiling point than propane. (3) The molecules of methanoic acid are held together by hydrogen bonds as well as van der Waals’ forces while the molecules of propane are held together by dispersion forces only. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 48 Which of the following compounds can form more than one hydrogen bond with water molecules? (1) Propanone (2) Propanamide (3) Propan-1-amine A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Section 44.5 49 What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A. B. C. D.

2-hydroxypropanoic acid 2-methyl-2-hydroxyethanoic acid Propanoic acid 2-carboxyethanol

50 What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

413

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

A. B. C. D.

6-methylhept-5-ene-4-one 1,1-dimethyl-3-oxohex-1-ene 2-methyl-4-oxohept-2-ene 2-methylhept-2-ene-4-one

51 Consider the following compound:

Which of the following functional groups does it contain? (1) Carboxyl group (2) Carbonyl group (3) Amide group A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 52 What is the IUPAC name for the organic compound with the condensed formula of HCOCHBrCOCH 3 ? A. 3-bromo-4-formylbutan-2-one B. 4-formyl-3-bromobutan-2-one C. 2-bromo-3-oxobutanal D. 3-oxo-2-bromobutanal 53 What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A. B. C.

5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-oxohepta-2,5-dienoic acid 2-hydroxy-4-oxo-5-chlorohepta-2,5-dienoic acid 3-chloro-6-hydroxy-4-oxohepta-2,5-dienoic acid

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

414

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

D.

3-chloro-4-oxo-6-hydroxyhepta-2,5-dienoic acid

54 What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A. B. C. D.

1,1,1-triiodo-3,3-dimethylpentanal 1,1,1-triiodo-3,3-dimethylpentan-5-al 5,5,5-triiodo-3,3-dimethylpentanal 5,5,5-triiodo-3,3-dimethylpentan-1-al

55 What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A. B. C.

2-chloro-1-hydroxybut-2-ene 3-chloro-4-hydroxybut-2-ene 2-chlorobut-2-en-1-ol

D.

3-chlorobut-2-en-4-ol

56 Consider the following organic compound:

Which of the following statements concerning the compound above are correct? (1) It has two functional groups namely amide group and carboxyl group. (2) It is soluble in water. (3) Its IUPAC name is aminoethanoic acid. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

415

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

57 What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

A. B. C. D.

2-chloro-3-amino-4-formylbutanoic acid 3-amino-2-chloro-4-formylbutanoic acid 2-amino-3-carboxy-3-chloropropanal 2-amino-3-chloro-3-carboxypropanal

58 What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A. B. C. D.

1-chloropropan-3-al Chloropropanal 3-chloropropan-1-al 3-chloropropanal

59 What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

A. B. C. D.

3-hydroxy-4-aminopentanamide 4-amino-3-hydroxypentanamide 4-amino-3-hydroxy-4-methylbutanamide 3-hydroxy-4-amino-4-methylbutanamide

60 What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

416

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

A. B. C. D.

3-chlorobutyl butanoate 2-chlorobutyl butanoate Butyl 2-chlorobutanoate Propyl 4-chloropentanoate

61 What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A. B. C. D.

2,3-diamino-3-bromo-3-hydroxypentanoic acid 3,4-diamino-2-bromo-2-hydroxypentanoic acid 2-bromo-2-hydroxy-3,4-diaminopentanoic acid 2-bromo-2-hydroxy-3,4-diamino-4-methylbutanoic acid

62 Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) Two organic compounds with the same general formula must belong to the same homologous series. (2) Two organic compounds with one of the functional groups the same must belong to the same homologous series. (3) Two organic compounds with the molecular mass differing by 14 must belong to the same homologous series. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 63 Which of the following combinations about the structural formula for a compound is correct? Compound A.

Diol

B.

Methyl 2-oxopent-3-enoate

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

Structural formula

417

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

C.

5-formylpent-2-ol

D.

3-carboxy-3-chlorobutan-2-ol

64 What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A. B. C. D.

3-amino-4-carboxybutan-2-one 3-amino-4-carboxybutan-2-al 2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acid 2-amino-3-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid

65 Which of the following is the structural formula of 4,5-dichloro-5-fluoro-3-oxopentanoic acid? Structural formula A.

B.

C.

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

418

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

D.

66 Which of the following is the condensed formula for 3-oxopentanal? A. CH 3 CH 2 COCH 2 COH B. CH 3 CH 2 COCH 2 CHO C. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COCHO D. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COCOH 67 What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

A. B. C. C.

3-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4,4-diaminopentanoic acid 4,4-diamino-3-fluoro-3-hydroxypentanoic acid 3-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4,4-diamino-4-methylbutanoic acid 4,4-diamino-3-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methylbutanoic acid

68 Consider the following compound:

Which of the following homologous series does the above compound belong to? A. Amines B. Alcohols C. Ketones D. Carboxylic acids 69 Which of the following is the condensed formula for 4-aminobutanamide? A. NH 2 CH 2 (CH 2 ) 2 CONH 2 ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

419

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

B. C. D.

NO 2 CH 2 (CH 2 ) 2 CONH 2 NH 2 CO(CH 2 ) 2 CONH 2 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH(NH 2 ) 2

Section 44.6 70 What is the condensed formula of chloroform? A. CCl 4 B. CH 2 Cl 2 C. CH 3 CH 2 Cl D. CHCl 3 71 Which of the following combinations is correct? IUPAC name

Trivial name

Common use

A.

Propan-1-ol

Isopropyl alcohol

Solvent

B.

Ethanoic acid

Acetic acid

Solvent

C.

Methanal

Formaldehyde

Production of polymers

D.

Trichloromethane

Chloroform

Fuel additive

72 What is the trivial name for CHCl 3 ? A. Acetic acid B. Acetone C. Chloroform D. Formaldehyde Each question below consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each of the two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or not the second statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then select one option from A to D according to the following table: A.

Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement. B. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement. C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

420

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Sections 44.144.3 73 Alcohols have higher boiling points and melting points than alkanes with a similar relative molecular mass.

Hydrogen bonds give a stronger intermolecular attraction than van der Waals’ forces.

Section 44.4 74 Most haloalkane molecules are soluble in water.

Haloalkane molecules are polar.

75 The boiling points of carboxylic acids are lower than those of alcohols with a similar relative molecular mass.

Alcohols have more extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonds than carboxylic acids.

76 Most haloalkanes have higher melting points and boiling points than alkanes with a similar relative molecular mass.

Most haloalkanes have permanent dipoles.

Sections 44.544.6 77 Formaldehyde can dissolve in water to form a solution called formalin.

The formaldehyde molecules can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

78 Isopropyl alcohol is the key component in many non-water-based hand sanitizers.

Isopropyl alcohol can kill bacteria and other potentially harmful micro-organisms.

Chemistry: Chapter 45 Isomerism Section 45.1 79 How many acyclic structural isomers does C 5 H 10 have? A. 2 B. 3 ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

421

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

C. D.

4 5

80 Which of the following statements are correct? (1) A pair of position isomers differs only in the position of the functional group(s). (2) A pair of structural isomers has the same relative molecular mass. (3) A pair of functional group isomers belongs to different homologous series. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 81 Which of the following statements about ethanoic acid and methyl methanoate are correct? (1) They are functional group isomers with the molecular formula C 2 H 4 O 2 . (2) They belong to different homologous series. (3) They have different chemical properties. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 82 Which of the following compounds are structural isomers of C 4 H 8 O? (1) Butanal (2) 2-methylpropanal (3) Butanone A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 83 Which of the following statements concerning ethanoic acid and methyl methanoate are correct? (1) They have the same relative molecular mass. ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

422

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(2) They have different chemical properties. (3) They are functional group isomers with the molecular formula C 2 H 4 O 2 . A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 84 Which of the following compounds are functional group isomers of C 4 H 8 O 2 ? (1) Methyl propanoate (2) 4-hydroxybutanal (3) Butane-1,4-diol A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 85 Butanoic acid can be reduced to a primary alcohol. Which of the following compounds is the position isomer of the primary alcohol? A. CH 3 COCH 2 CH 3 B. C. D.

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CHO CH 3 CH 2 C(OH)HCH 3

86 Which of the following statements concerning isomers is/are correct? (1) They have the same empirical formula. (2) They have the same general formula. (3) They have the same structural formula. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 87 Which of the following statements concerning 3,4-dibromopent-1-ene and 3,5-dibromopent-2-ene are correct? ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

423

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(1) They have the same molecular formula of C 5 H 8 Br 2 . (2) They are position isomers. (3) They have similar chemical properties. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 88 Which of the following statements concerning the isomers of C 6 H 12 are INCORRECT? (1) All isomers of C 6 H 12 can decolorize bromine in 1,1,1-trichloromethane in the dark. (2) All isomers of C 6 H 12 have the same melting point and boiling point. (3) All isomers of C 6 H 12 are optically inactive. A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

89 How many structural isomers does C 4 H 8 have? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 90 Which of the following compounds are structural isomers of C 5 H 10 ? (1) 2-methylbut-2-ene (2) 3-methylbut-1-ene (3) Pent-1-ene A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 91 ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

424

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

How many structural isomers does C 3 H 6 Cl 2 have? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

92 Which of the following compounds are the structural isomers of C 5 H 10 O? (1) 2-methylbutanal (2) Propyl ethanoate (3) Pentanal A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Section 45.2 93 Which of the following statements about geometrical isomerism are correct? (1) A pair of geometrical isomers has different physical properties. (2) Geometrical isomers occur due to the restricted rotation about the carbon-carbon double bond. (3) A pair of geometrical isomers must be optically active. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 94 Which of the following statements about cis-trans isomerism is/are correct? (1) All alkenes exhibit cis-trans isomerism. (2) But-2-ene exhibits cis-trans isomerism. (3) A pair of cis-trans isomers may be optically active. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

425

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

95 How many chiral carbon(s) does 3,6-dibromo-4-methylhept-4-en-2-ol have? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 96 Which of the following compounds could exhibit geometrical isomerism? (1) 3,4-dimethylhex-3-ene (2) 2-methylpent-2-ene (3) 1,6-dichlorohex-3-ene A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 97 Which of the following compounds could exhibit optical isomerism? (1) 2-aminopropanal (2) 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (3) 4-hydroxybutanal A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 98 How many chiral carbon atom(s) does 3-amino-4-hydroxypentanoic acid have? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 99 Which of the following compounds has a pair of enantiomers?

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

426

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

A.

B. CH 3 CH(OH)C 2 H 5 C. CH 2 ClCH 2 CH 2 COOH D.

100 Consider the following compound: CH 3 CH=CHCH 2 CHO Which of the following statements about this compound are correct? (1) It is optically inactive. (2) It contains a C=C double bond and a hydroxyl group. (3) The cis isomer of this compound is

. A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

101 Which of the following compounds has/have a pair of geometrical isomers? (1) CH 3 CH=CH 2 (2) CH 3 OCCH=CHCOCH 3 (3) CH 2 BrCH=CHCH 2 Cl A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 102 Vitamin E, a naturally occurring compound, can act as an antioxidant. Its structure is shown below: ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

427

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Which of the following statements about vitamin E is/are correct? (1) It has three chiral carbon atoms. (2) It is soluble in water. (3) It is optically active. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D.

(2) and (3) only

103 Which of the following pairs of compounds is/are NOT a pair of stereoisomers? (1) and (2)

and (3)

and A. B. C. D.

(1) only (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only

104 Which of the following statements concerning isomers is correct? A. A pair of isomers must have the same relative molecular mass. B. Compound containing carbon-carbon double bond(s) must have a pair of ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

428

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

C. D.

geometrical isomers. A mixture of a pair of enantiomers does not rotate the plane of polarized light. Compounds with the same functional group at different positions are called functional group isomers.

105 Which of the following statements concerning enantiomers is INCORRECT? A. If a pair of enantiomers is present in the same amount, the mixture is optically inactive. B. A pair of enantiomers has the same melting point. C. There is at least one plane of symmetry in the molecules of enantiomers. D. A pair of enantiomers has the same molecular formula. 106 Which of the following compounds could exhibit geometrical isomerism? (1) CHCl=CHBr (2) (CH 3 ) 2 C=CH 2 (3) CH 3 CH=CHCH 3 A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 107 Which of the following compounds is optically active? A. CH 3 CH=CHCH 3 B. CH 2 =CHCHBrCH 3 C. CH 3 CH 2 COCH 3 D. CH 3 CH 2 CHClCH 2 CH 3 108 Which of the following compounds is NOT a chiral molecule? A. 3-methylpent-1-ene B. 2-chlorobutane C. 2-methylpropanal D. 1,1,2-trichlorobutane

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

429

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

109 Compound X is an organic compound with a molecular formula C 4 H 8 O. Which of the following isomerism could compound X exhibit? (1) Functional group isomerism (2) Geometrical isomerism (3) Enantiomerism A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 110 Which of the following compounds is optically active? A. CH 3 CH 2 COCH 3 B. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH(CH 3 )COCH 3 C. D.

CH 3 CH(CH 3 )COCH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CHO

111 Which of the following statements concerning geometrical isomers is/are correct? (1) The cis isomer has a higher melting point than the trans isomer. (2) A pair of geometrical isomers has the same functional group. (3) Any organic compounds with a carbon-carbon double bond have geometrical isomers. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 112 Compound X is an organic compound with the condensed formula HOOCCH(NH 2 )CH 2 COOH. Which of the following statements concerning compound X are correct? (1) The IUPAC name of compound X is 2-aminobutanedioic acid. (2) There is a chiral carbon atom in the molecule of compound X. (3) Compound X is soluble in water. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

430

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

C. D.

(2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

113 Which of the following types of isomerism does 2-bromobut-2-ene exhibit? A. Enantiomerism B. Functional group isomerism C. Geometrical isomerism D. Position isomerism 114 Which of the following statements concerning geometrical isomers of 2,3-dibromobut-2-ene is/are correct? (1) They have similar boiling points. (2) They have the same functional group. (3) They have identical intermolecular forces. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 115 How many planes of symmetry are there in a dichloromethane molecule? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 116 Which of the following compounds could exhibit enantiomerism? (1) 2-chlorobutane (2) 3-chlorobut-1-ene (3) 2-methylbutanal A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

431

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

117 Which of the following methods can be used to distinguish a pair of enantiomers? (1) Measuring their optical activities by using a polarimeter. (2) Comparing the boiling points of enantiomers. (3) Comparing the densities of enantiomers. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 118 Which of the following statements concerning structural isomerism is/are correct? (1) Structural isomers are mirror images of one another. (2) Structural isomers containing the same functional group have similar chemical properties. (3) A pair of structural isomers which are present in different amounts can rotate the plane of polarized light. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 119 What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A. B. C. D.

Cis-1-chlorohex-1-en-4-yne Cis-6-chlorohex-5-en-2-yne Trans-1-chlorohex-1-en-4-yne Trans-6-chlorohex-5-en-2-yne

120 Which of the following statements is correct? A. An achiral molecule has a chiral carbon atom. B. A mixture of a pair of enantiomers present in the same amount does not rotate the plane of polarized light. C. Butan-1-ol is a chiral molecule. ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

432

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

D.

A chiral molecule can be superimposed on its own mirror image.

121 Which of the following compounds have chiral carbon atom(s)? (1) 3-bromopent-1-ene (2) 1-chloro-2-methylbutane (3) Butan-2-ol A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 122 Which of the following compounds can exhibit enantiomerism? (1) 2-chloro-2-methylbutane (2) 1-chloro-2-methylbutane (3) 1-chloro-3-methylbut-1-ene A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 123 Which of the following compounds exhibit(s) enantiomerism? (1) 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (2) 2-chloro-2-fluorobutane (3) 5-chloro-3,4-dimethylpentanoic acid A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) D. (2) and (3) 124 Consider the following compounds:

Which types of isomers are they? ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

433

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

A. B. C. D.

Position isomers Functional group isomers Chain isomers Geometrical isomers

125 Which of the following compounds exhibit(s) optical isomersim? (1) Trans-5-chloro-5-fluoropent-2-ene (2) 1,1-dibromo-1,2-dichloroethane (3) 2-chloro-2-fluorobutane A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 126 Which of the following are the types of structural isomerism? (1) Geometrical isomerism (2) Functional group isomerism (3) Chain isomerism A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 127 Which of the following statements concerning a pair of geometrical isomers are correct? (1) They have different boiling points and melting points. (2) They have the same relative molecular mass. (3) Their atoms are joined in the same order. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 128 Which of the following compounds could exhibit enantiomerism? ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

434

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(1) 3-bromobut-1-ene (2) 4-bromobut-1-ene (3) 2-bromobut-2-ene A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only Each question below consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each of the two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or not the second statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then select one option from A to D according to the following table: A.

Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement. B. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement. C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true. D. Both statements are false. Section 45.1 129 Cis-2,3-difluorobut-2-ene has a higher boiling point than trans-2,3-difluorobut-2-ene.

The molecules of cis-2,3-difluorobut-2-ene are held together by dipole-dipole forces while the molecules of trans-2,3-difluorobut-2-ene are held together by dispersion forces only.

130 Chain isomers have similar physical properties.

Chain isomers have the same functional group.

131 Pentane has a higher boiling point than 2-methylbutane.

Pentane and 2-methylbutane are chain isomers.

132

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

435

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Position isomers differ only in the types of functional group present.

Position isomerism is one of the types of structural isomerism.

133 Isomers have similar chemical properties.

Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms in space.

Section 45.2 134 The cis isomer has a higher boiling point than the corresponding trans isomer.

The intermolecular forces among the molecules of cis isomer are stronger than those among the molecules of the corresponding trans isomer.

135 A mixture of a pair of enantiomers does not rotate plane-polarized light.

A pair of enantiomers rotates plane-polarized light to opposite directions.

136 Trans-1,2-dichloroethene has no net dipole moment.

Trans-1,2-dichloroethene has the two polar CCl bonds pointing in the opposite directions.

Chemistry: Chapter 46 Typical reactions of various functional groups Sections 46.146.2 137 Which of following compounds is the major product of the reaction between excess methane and chlorine? A. Chloromethane B. Dichloromethane C. Trichloromethane D. Tetrachloromethane 138 Which of the following compounds are the products formed from the reaction ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

436

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

between methane and chlorine in the presence of light? (1) Chloromethane (2) Chloroform (3) Hydrogen chloride A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 139 Which of the following conditions are required for alkanes to undergo substitution reactions with bromine? (1) Sunlight (2) High temperature (3) High pressure A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 140 Which of the following statements concerning the substitution reaction between propane and chlorine are correct? (1) It does not take place in the dark. (2) It involves breakage of CH bonds and ClCl bonds. (3) Hydrogen chloride is one of the products of the reaction. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 141 Which of the following statements concerning the substitution reaction between methane and chlorine are correct? (1) The product of the reaction is a mixture of chloroalkanes. (2) The major product is tetrachloromethane if excess chlorine is used. (3) Free radicals are produced during the reaction. A. (1) and (2) only ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

437

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

B. C. D.

(1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

Section 46.3 142 Which of the following compound is the major product formed in an addition reaction between hydrogen chloride and propene? A. 1-chloropropane B. 2-chloropropane C. 1,2-dichloropropane D. 2,2-dichloropropane 143 Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Iron is used as a metal catalyst for speeding up hydrogenation. (2) Bromine can be decolorized in darkness by pent-1-ene. (3) 2-bromopropane is the major product formed in an addition reaction between hydrogen bromide and propene. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 144 Consider the following reaction: +

HBr

Which of the following compounds is/are the possible major product(s) formed in the above reaction? (1)

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

438

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(2)

(3)

A. B. C. D.

(1) only (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only

145 Which of the following combinations about addition reactions is correct? Addition reaction

The major product

A.

CH 3 CH=CH 2 + HBr

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 Br

B.

(CH 3 ) 2 C=CH 2 + HBr

(CH 3 ) 3 CBr

C.

BrCH=CH 2 + HBr

BrCH 2 CH 2 Br

D.

(CH 3 ) 3 CCH=CH 2 + HBr

(CH 3 ) 3 CCH 2 CH 2 Br

146 Which of the following statements concerning but-1-ene are correct? (1) It reacts with hydrogen chloride to give 1-chlorobutane as the major product. (2) It can decolorize acidified potassium permanganate solution. (3) It undergoes hydrogenation in the presence of platinum as metal catalyst with heating. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 147 Which of the following compounds is the major product formed from the reaction between 2,5-dimethylhex-2,4-diene and hydrogen bromide? A. 3,5-dibromo-2,5-dimethylhexane B. 2,4-dibromo-2,5-dimethylhexane ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

439

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

C. D.

3,4-dibromo-2,5-dimethylhexane 2,5-dibromo-2,5-dimethylhexane

148 Which of the following statements concerning halogenation and hydrohalogenation is/are correct? (1) Both of them follow Markovnikov’s rule. (2) Both of them involve unsaturated hydrocarbons. (3) Both of them are substitution reactions. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 149 Which of the following can be classified as addition reactions? (1) Reaction between ethene and hydrogen (2) Reaction between ethene and hydrogen chloride (3) Reaction between methane and chlorine A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 150 Which of the following statements concerning propene are correct? (1) It reacts with hydrogen in the presence of platinum and heating to give propane. (2) It reacts with hydrogen chloride to give 1-chloropropane as the major product. (3) It decolorizes bromine solution in the dark. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 151 Which of the following statements about propene is correct? A. It can decolorize acidified potassium dichromate solution. B. It can be prepared by heating propan-1-ol with dilute sulphuric acid. ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

440

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

C. D.

It reacts with hydrogen in the presence of nickel to give propane. It reacts with hydrogen chloride to give 1-chloropropane as the major product.

152 Which of the following compounds is the major product for the reaction between 2-methylpropene and hydrogen chloride? A. 1-chloro-2-methylpropane B. 1,2-dichloro-2-methylpropane C. 2-chloro-2-methylpropane D. 2-methylpropane 153 Which of the following statements about hydrogenation of alkenes is INCORRECT? A. It requires metal catalysts such as platinum and nickel. B. It requires heating. C. It is an endothermic reaction because energy is required to break the C=C bonds. D.

It involves formation of CH bonds.

154 Which of the following compounds is/are the product(s) formed from the reaction between pent-1,4-diene and excess bromine in water? (1) 1,2-dibromopentane (2) 1,2,4,5-tetrabromopentane (3) 4,5-dibromopentane A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 155 Which of the following compounds is the major product formed from the reaction between but-1,3-diene and hydrogen iodide? A. 1,4-diiodobutane B 2,4-diiodobutane C. 1,3-diiodobutane D. 2,3-diiodobutane ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

441

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

156 Which of the following reactions are addition reactions? (1) CH 2 =CHCH=CH 2 + HI (2) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 + Cl 2 (3) CH 2 =CHCH 2 CH 3 + H 2 A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Section 46.4 157 Which of the following statements concerning the substitution reaction between bromoethane and hydroxide ions are correct? (1) Ethanol is one of the products. (2) An organic solvent is required for the reaction. (3) The reaction involves the breakage of the CBr bond. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 158 Which of the following compounds could undergo substitution reactions? (1) CH 3 CH=CHCH 3 (2) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 (3) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 Br A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 159 Which of the following reactions are substitution reactions? (1) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 I + OH (2) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 + Cl 2 (3) CH 3 CH=CHCH 3 + H 2 ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

442

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

160 Which of the following statements about the reaction between 2-iodobutane and NaOH(aq) are correct? (1) The products of the reaction are butan-2-ol and sodium iodide. (2) The reaction will be faster if 2-chlorobutane replaces 2-iodobutane. (3) The reaction involves the breakage of the CI bond. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 161 Sodium hydroxide solution was added to a sample of chloromethane in a test tube. Then, a small amount of acidified silver nitrate solution was added to the reaction mixture. What could be observed? A. Gas bubbles were formed. B. The solution turned silvery. C. White precipitate was formed. D. No observable change. Section 46.5 162 Which of the following reagents are used to convert propan-2-ol to 2-bromopropane? (1) H 2 SO 4 (l) + KBr(s) (2) Br 2 (l) + CCl 4 (l) (3) PBr 3 (l) A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 163 Which of the following statements concerning propan-1-ol are correct? ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

443

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(1) It can be oxidized to give propanal. (2) It can be oxidized to give propanoic acid. (3) It can be dehydrated to give propene. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 164 Consider the following reaction:

Which of the following compounds is the major product of the above reaction? A.

B.

C.

D.

165 Consider the following reactions: Reaction 1:

Reaction 2: ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

444

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Which of the following compounds is the major product of reaction 2? A. 1-chlorobutane B. 2-chlorobutane C. 1,2-dichlorobutane D. 2,2-dichlorobutane 166 Which of the following reactions are substitution reactions? (1) The reaction between hydrogen chloride and propan-1-ol. (2) The reaction between hydrogen bromide and ethene. (3) The reaction between bromine and methane. A. (1) and (2) only B. C. D.

(1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

167 Which of the following statements concerning alcohols is INCORRECT? A. 2-methylpropan-2-ol is a tertiary alcohol. B. All the alcohols can be oxidized to carboxylic acids. C. An alcohol can be dehydrated to an alkene by treating with concentrated D.

sulphuric acid at 180C. Phosphorus trihalides can convert an alcohol to a haloalkane.

168 Which of the following reactions are correct? (1) 3CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 + PBr 3  3CH 3 CHBrCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 (2) CH 2 (OH)CH 2 (OH) + 4[O]  (COOH) 2 + 2H 2 O (3) CH 3 CH 2 Br + NaOH  CH 3 CH 2 OH + NaBr A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 169 Which of the following compounds is/are the possible product(s) formed from the ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

445

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

oxidation of butan-2-ol? (1) Butanone (2) Butanoic acid (3) Butanal A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 170 Which of the following compounds could be collected from the oxidation of pentan-1-ol? (1) Pentanoic acid (2) Pentanal (3) Pentanone A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 171 Which of the following statements concerning phosphorus tribromide are correct? (1) It can convert butan-2-ol to 2-bromobutane. (2) It can convert but-2-ene to 2,3-dibromobutane. (3) It is formed from the reaction between phosphorus and bromine. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 172 Which of the following compounds is/are the possible product(s) formed from the oxidation of methanol? (1) Methanal (2) Methyl methanoate (3) Methanoic acid A. (1) only B. (2) only ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

446

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

C. D.

(1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only

173 Which of the following reactions can produce a haloalkane? (1) The reaction between butan-1-ol and phosphorus trichloride. (2) The reaction between but-1-ene and hydrogen bromide. (3) The reaction between propene and chlorine solution. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 174 Which of the following compounds is the product formed from the reaction between ethanol and solid potassium bromide in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid? A. CH 3 CH 2 Br B. C. D.

BrCH 2 CH 2 Br CH 3 CH 3 BrCH=CHBr

175 Which of the following statements concerning the compound below is/are correct?

(1) It is a primary alcohol. (2) It reacts with acidified potassium dichromate solution to give a ketone. (3) It reacts with hydrogen chloride to give 2,2-dichlorobutan-1-ol as the major product. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 176 Which of the following compounds are NOT secondary alcohols? ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

447

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(1) (2)

(3)

A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

177 Which of the following statements concerning the reaction between butan-1-ol and hydrogen bromide are correct? (1) The product of the reaction is bromobutane. (2) The reaction involved is a substitution reaction. (3) Hydrogen bromide should be made by heating bromine with red phosphorus. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 178 Compound X is an alcohol with the condensed formula of CH 3 CH(OH)C 2 H 5 . Which of the following statements concerning compound X is/are correct? (1) It is a secondary alcohol. (2) It undergoes dehydration in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid at 180C to give an alkene and water. (3) It can be oxidized to butanoic acid. A. (1) only ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

448

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

B. C. D.

(2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only

179 Consider the following reaction: 3CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH + PI 3  3CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 I + Compound X What is compound X? A. P 2 O 5 B. P 4 O 10 C. H 3 PO 3 D. H 3 PO 4 180 Which of the following reagents can convert primary alcohols to carboxylic acids? (1) Acidified potassium dichromate solution (2) Acidified potassium permanganate solution (3) Acidified potassium nitrate solution A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Section 46.6 181 Which of the following statements concerning propanone are correct? (1) It has a lower boiling point than propanoic acid. (2) It can be reduced to give propan-2-ol. (3) It can be oxidized to give propanoic acid. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 182 Consider the following reaction:

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

449

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Which of the following compounds is the major product of the above reaction? A.

B.

C.

D.

183 Which of the following compounds can change acidified potassium dichromate solution from orange to green in an appropriate condition? (1) Butanal (2) Pentan-2-one (3) Hexan-1-ol A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 184 Which of the following statements concerning LiAlH 4 are correct? (1) It should be stored in paraffin oil. (2) It should be used in dry ether. (3) It is soluble in common organic solvents. ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

450

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

185 Which of the following statements concerning the compound below are correct?

(1) It has no reaction towards acidified potassium dichromate solution. (2) It can react with lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether, followed by dilute hydrochloric acid to give

(3) It is optically inactive. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 186 Which of the following statements concerning primary alcohols is/are correct? (1) They can be dehydrated to alkenes by treating with concentrated sulphuric acid at 180C. (2) They can be formed by reducing ketones with LiAlH 4 in dry ether and dilute acids. (3) They can be formed by reacting haloalkanes with sodium hydroxide solution. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 187 Which of the following compounds is the product formed from the reaction between ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

451

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

butanal and acidified potassium dichromate solution? A. But-1-ene B. Butan-1-ol C. Butane D. Butanoic acid 188 Which of the following compounds is the product formed from the reaction between butane-2,3-dione and LiAlH 4 in dry ether followed by a dilute acid? A. 3-oxobutan-2-ol B. 3-hydroxybutan-2-one C. 2-hydroxybutan-3-one D. Butane-2,3-diol 189 Which of the following compounds is the product formed from the reaction between 2-bromopent-3-one and LiAlH 4 in dry ether followed by a dilute acid? A. B. C. D.

Pent-2,3-diol 2-bromopentan-3-ol 2-hydroxypentan-3-one 2-bromopentan-3,3-diol

Section 46.7 190 Consider the following reaction:

Which of the following compounds is the major product of the above reaction? A.

B.

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

452

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

C.

D.

191 Consider the following reactions:

What is compound B? A.

B.

C. D. 192 Which of the following reagents can be used to convert propanal to propanoic acid? A. Concentrated sulphuric acid B. Acidified potassium dichromate solution C. Lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether D. Thionyl chloride 193 Which of the following reagents can be used to oxidize propan-1-ol to propanoic acid? (1) Acidified potassium dichromate solution (2) Acidified potassium permanganate solution ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

453

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(3) Lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 194 Which of the following compounds can be oxidized by acidified potassium dichromate solution? A. HCOOH B. CH 3 CH 2 OH C. CH 3 COCH 2 CH 3 D. (CH 3 ) 3 COH 195 Consider the following reactions:

Which of the following combinations is correct? Compound X

Reagent Y

A.

CH 3 CH 2 CHO

Concentrated H 2 SO 4

B.

CH 3 CH 2 CHO

Acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7

C.

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH

Concentrated H 2 SO 4

D.

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH

Acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7

196 Which of the following reactions can produce a primary alcohol? (1) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 Cl + OH (2) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COOH + LiAlH 4 in dry ether + H+ (3) CH 3 COCH 3 + LiAlH 4 in dry ether + H+ A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 197 Which of the following are the functions of concentrated sulphuric acid in the ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

454

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

esterification of a carboxylic acid? (1) It acts as a catalyst. (2) It removes water produced from the reaction. (3) It precipitates the ester formed. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 198 Which of the following chemicals are required for converting carboxylic acids to amides? (1) SOCl 2 (2) HNO 3 (3) NH 3 A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

199 Which of the following compounds is the product formed from the reaction between butanoic acid and LiAlH 4 in dry ether followed by a dilute acid? A. Butanal B. Butan-1-ol C. Butane D. Butene Section 46.8 200 Which of the following statements concerning esters are correct? (1) An ester is a colourless volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet fruity smell. (2) Methyl ethanoate can be hydrolysed to ethanoic acid and methanol by heating under reflux with dilute hydrochloric acid. (3) Methyl propanoate can be formed by heating a mixture of propanoic acid and methanol with concentrated sulphuric acid. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

455

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

C. D.

(2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

201 Which of the following statements concerning butan-1-ol are correct? (1) It can be converted to but-1-ene in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid at 180C. (2) It can be oxidized to butanoic acid by heating under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate solution. (3) It is one of the products formed from the acid hydrolysis of butyl methanoate. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 202 Which of the following statements concerning acid hydrolysis of ethyl butanoate are correct? (1) The products of acid hydrolysis are butanoic acid and ethanol. (2) The acid hydrolysis does not go to completion. (3) The acid hydrolysis can be catalysed by dilute hydrochloric acid. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 203 Which of the following statements concerning hydrolysis of an ester are correct? (1) It can be carried out either in acidic or alkaline medium. (2) It can be catalysed by either strong acids or alkalis. (3) It can produce an alcohol as one of the products. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Section 46.9 204 ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

456

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Which of the following statements concerning an amide is/are correct? (1) Alkaline hydrolysis of an amide gives ammonia. (2) An amide can be reduced to carboxylic acid by LiAlH 4 in dry ether. (3) An amide can be formed by treating a carboxylic acid with SOCl 2 and then NH 3 . A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 205 Consider the following reaction:

Which of the following compounds are the products of the above reaction? A.

B.

C.

D.

206 Which of the following compounds are the products formed from the alkaline hydrolysis of propanamide with sodium hydroxide solution? A. Propanone and ammonia B. Propanoic acid and ammonium ion ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

457

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

C. D.

Propan-1-ol and ammonium ion Sodium propanoate and ammonia

207 Which of the following compounds is the product formed from the reaction between CH 3 CH 2 CONH 2 and NaOH(aq)? A. CH 3 CH 2 COOH B. C. D.

CH 3 CH 2 COONa+ CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 CH 3 CH 2 CHO

208 Which of the following reactions would give propanoic acid? (1) The reaction between propan-2-ol and acidified potassium permanganate solution. (2) The reaction between methyl propanoate and water in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid. (3) The reaction between propanamide and water in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 209 Which of the following reactions would give butanoate ion? (1) Adding sodium metal to butanoic acid. (2) Heating ethyl butanoate with dilute acid under reflux. (3) Heating butanamide with dilute sodium hydroxide solution under reflux. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 210 Which of the following compounds are the products formed by heating a mixture of propanamide and dilute hydrochloric acid under reflux? (1) Propanoic acid ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

458

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(2) Ammonia (3) Ammonium ion A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Each question below consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each of the two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or not the second statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then select one option from A to D according to the following table: A.

Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement. B. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement. C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true. D. Both statements are false. Sections 46.146.3 211 The hydrogenation of alkenes can be catalysed by either platinum or nickel.

Either platinum or nickel is a metal catalyst used to speed up the hydrogenation.

212 The major product of the reaction between 2-methylbut-2-ene and hydrogen chloride is 2-chloro-2-methylbutane.

Markovnikov’s rule states that the hydrogen atom in hydrogen chloride is added to the carbon atom of the carbon-carbon double bond that already carries the larger number of hydrogen atoms.

Sections 46.446.5 213 An alcohol can be oxidized to give an alkene.

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

In dehydration, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 2:1 are eliminated from a compound.

459

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

214 Ethanol can be oxidized by potassium dichromate solution.

Ethanol can be oxidized to ethanoic acid.

Sections 46.646.7 215 Carboxylic acids can be reduced to alcohols by mixing with LiAlH 4 in dilute acid.

LiAlH 4 is a mild reducing agent.

Chemistry: Chapter 47 Inter-conversions of carbon compounds Section 47.1 216 What is the minimum number of steps in converting propane to propanamide? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 217 Which of the following reagents are needed in a two-step synthesis of 1-bromoethane from ethanal? (1) Hydrogen bromide (2) Acidified potassium dichromate solution (3) Dilute sulphuric acid A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 218 Which of the following reagents is NOT needed during the conversion of 1-chloropropane to propanamide? A. Phosphorus trichloride B Sodium hydroxide solution C. Acidified potassium dichromate solution

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

460

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

D.

SOCl 2

219 Which of the following combinations is correct for a two-step synthesis of butanone from 2-bromobutane? Reagent used in step 1

Reagent used in step 2

A.

Sodium hydroxide solution

Acidified potassium dichromate solution

B.

Phosphorus trichloride

Concentrated sulphuric acid

C.

Sodium hydroxide solution

LiAlH 4 in dry ether

D.

Acidified potassium dichromate solution

Sodium hydroxide solution

220 Consider the following multi-step synthesis:

Which of the following combinations is correct? A

B

A.

2-chloropropan-1-ol

2-chloropropanoic acid

B.

1-chloropropan-2-ol

1-chloropropanone

C.

Propane-1,2-diol

2-hydroxypropanoic acid

D.

Propane-1,2-diol

2-oxopropanoic acid

221 What is the minimum number of steps in converting an amide to an alkane? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 222 Which of the following reagents are needed during the conversion of propanamide to propane? (1) Lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

461

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(2) Sodium hydroxide solution (3) Dilute hydrochloric acid A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 223 Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of 1-bromopropane to propanamide are correct? (1) The minimum number of steps for the conversion is two. (2) A primary alcohol is one of the intermediate compounds. (3) Ammonia is one of the reagents. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 224 Consider the following multi-step synthesis:

Which of the following combinations is correct? A

B

A.

4-hydroxybutanal

4-chlorobutanal

B.

4-formylbutan-1-ol

4-chlorobutan-1-ol

C.

Butane-1,4-diol

1,4-dichlorobutane

D.

Butane-1,4-diol

1-chlorobutane

225 Consider the following multi-step synthesis:

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

462

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Which of the following statements concerning the above synthesis is/are correct? (1) The reagent A is dilute sulphuric acid. (2) The reagent B is hydrogen bromide. (3) The major product X is 1-bromopropane. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 226 Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane to propane-1,3-diol are correct? (1) It is a substitution reaction. (2) Excess sodium hydroxide solution should be used. (3) It is a one-step synthesis. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 227 What is the minimum number of steps in converting an alkane to an amide? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 228 Which of the following reagents are needed during the conversion of ethanol to ethanamide? (1) Ammonia (2) Concentrated sulphuric acid (3) Acidified potassium dichromate solution A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

463

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

229 Consider the following multi-step synthesis,

Which of the following statements concerning the above synthesis are correct? (1) A is a dihaloalkane. (2) The molecular formula of B is C 4 H 10 O 2 . (3) C is butane-2,3-dione. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 230 Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of butan-1-ol to butane-1,2-diol are correct? (1) The minimum number of steps for the conversion is three. (2) Excess sodium hydroxide solution is required. (3) One of the intermediate compounds is a dihaloalkane. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 231 Which of the following conversions involves an acid? (1) CH 3 CH 2 COOH  CH 3 CH=CH 2 (2) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH  CH 3 CH 2 CONH 2 (3) CH 3 CH 2 COOCH 3  CH 3 CH 2 CONH 2 A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 232 Which of the following conversions are regarded as hydrolysis? (1) CH 3 CH 2 CONH 2  CH 3 CH 2 COONa+ + NH 3 (2) CH 3 CH 2 COOH  CH 3 CH 2 CONH 2 ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

464

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(3) CH 3 CH 2 COOCH 3  CH 3 CH 2 COONa+ + CH 3 OH A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 233 What is the minimum number of steps in converting a haloalkane to a carboxylic acid? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 234 Consider the following multi-step synthesis:

What is compound B? A. CH 3 CH 2 COOH B. CH 3 CH=CH 2 C. CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 D. CH 3 CH 2 CHO 235 Which of the following reagents are needed for a three-step synthesis of propene from propanamide? (1) LiAlH 4 in dry ether (2) Concentrated H 2 SO 4 (3) Dilute H 2 SO 4 A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 236 When butan-2-ol is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid at 180C, the possible products are ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

465

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(1) but-1-ene. (2) but-2-ene. (3) butanone. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 237 In an experiment, 2-chloropropane was converted to propanone by the following synthetic route.

Which of the following combinations is correct? Reagent X

Reagent Y

A.

SOCl 2

Dilute NaOH

B.

Dilute NaOH

Acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7

C.

Dilute NaOH

LiAlH 4 /dry ether

D.

Concentrated H 2 SO 4

Acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7

238 Propene can be converted to propanone by the following synthetic route.

Which of the following combinations is correct? X

Y

A.

Propan-1-ol

1-chloropropane

B.

1-chloropropane

Propan-1-ol

C.

Propan-2-ol

2-chloropropane

D.

2-chloropropane

Propan-2-ol

239 Consider the following multi-step synthesis:

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

466

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Which of the following combinations is correct? Type of reaction A

Type of reaction B

A.

Addition

Chlorination

B.

Substitution

Chlorination

C.

Dehydration

Addition

D.

Dehydration

Substitution

240 When ethanol is heated with acidified potassium dichromate solution, the possible products are (1) ethanal. (2) ethanoic acid. (3) ethyl ethanoate. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 241 Which of the following reagents are required for the conversion of propanamide to 1-chloropropane? (1) Dilute hydrochloric acid (2) Phosphorus trichloride (3) Lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 242 Consider the following multi-step synthesis:

Which of the following combinations is correct? A.

Reagent A

Reagent B

Dilute NaOH

HCl

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

467

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

B.

Concentrated H 2 SO 4

HCl

C.

Acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7

Cl 2 /CCl 4

D.

LiAlH 4 /dry ether

Cl 2 /CCl 4

243 What is the minimum number of steps in converting propene to propanone? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 244 Which of the following reagents is NOT needed during the conversion of ethene to ethanamide? A. Ammonia gas B. Sodium hydroxide solution C. Chlorine gas D. Acidified potassium dichromate solution 245 Which of the following reagents is NOT needed during the conversion of 2-bromo-2-methylbutane to 2-methylbutane? A. Concentrated sulphuric acid B. Phosphorus trichloride C. Hydrogen gas D. Nickel catalyst 246 Which of the following statements concerning the preparation of ethanal from ethanol are INCORRECT? (1) Concentrated sulphuric acid is used as a catalyst in the reaction. (2) In order to obtain ethanal, the reaction mixture should be heated under reflux for about 20 to 30 minutes. (3) The reaction mixture should be heated in a water bath. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

468

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

247 Consider the following multi-step synthesis:

Which of the following is compound Z? A. CH 3 CH 3 B. C. D.

CH 3 CHO CH 3 COOH CH 3 CH 2 OH

248 Which of the following reagents are required during the conversion of ethene to ethanoic acid? (1) Dilute NaOH (2) Concentrated H 2 SO 4 (3) HCl A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

249 Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of ethene to ethanoic acid are correct? (1) The minimum number of steps in converting ethene to ethanoic acid is three. (2) A secondary alcohol is one of the intermediate compounds. (3) Dilute sodium hydroxide solution is one of the reagents. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 250 Consider the following multi-step synthesis:

Which of the following is compound R? ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

469

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

A. B. C. D.

CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 2 Cl CH 3 CCl 3 CCl 3 CCl 3

251 Which of the following reagents are required during the conversion of CH 3 CH 2 OH to CCl 3 CCl 3 ? (1) H 2 (2) Concentrated H 2 SO 4 (3) Excess Cl 2 in CCl 4 A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 252 Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of CH 3 CH 2 OH to CCl 3 CCl 3 are correct? (1) The minimum number of steps in converting CH 3 CH 2 OH to CCl 3 CCl 3 is three. (2) An alkane is one of the intermediate compounds. (3) Excess Cl 2 in CCl 4 is one of the reagents. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 253 Consider the following multi-step synthesis:

Which of the following is compound Y? A. Ethane B. Ethanol C. 1-chloroethane D. 2-chloroethane 254 ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

470

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of ethanoic acid to 1-chloroethane are correct? (1) A primary alcohol is one of the intermediate compounds. (2) The minimum number of steps in converting ethanoic acid to 1-chloroethane is two. (3) Dilute acid is one of the reagents. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 255 Consider the following multi-step synthesis:

Which of the following is compound Y? A. Pentanamide B. 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid C. 2,2-dimethylpropanamide D. 1-amino-2,2-dimethylpropanone 256 Which of the following reagents are needed during the conversion of C(CH 3 ) 3 CHO to C(CH 3 ) 3 CONH 2 ? (1) SOCl 2 (2) NH 3 (3) H 2 A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 257 Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of propanone to propene are correct? (1) The minimum number of steps for the conversion is two. (2) A secondary alcohol is one of the intermediate compounds. ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

471

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(3) Lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether is one of the reagents. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 258 Which of the following reagents are needed during the conversion of butanone to 2-chlorobutane? (1) Phosphorus trichloride (2) Lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether (3) Dilute hydrochloric acid A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 259 Consider the following multi-step synthesis:

Which of the following combinations is correct? Compound A

Reagent B

Compound C

A.

CH 3 CH 2 CHO

Dilute HCl

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH

B.

CH 3 CH 2 COH

C. D.

Dilute NaOH

CH 3 COCH 3



+

Dilute HCl

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH



+

Dilute NaOH

CH 3 CH 2 CHO

CH 3 CH 2 COO Na CH 3 CH 2 COO Na

260 Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of propanamide to propan-1-ol are correct? (1) The minimum number of steps for the conversion is three. (2) A carboxylic acid is one of the intermediate compounds.

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

472

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(3) Lithium aluminium hydride is one of the reagents for the conversion. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 261 Consider the following multi-step synthesis:

Which of the following combinations is correct? Compound P

Compound R

A.

CH 3 COOH

CH 3 OH

B.

CH 3 OH

CH 3 COOH

C.

CH 3 COONa+

CH 3 OH

D.

CH 3 OH

CH 3 COONa+

262 Consider the following multi-step synthesis:

Which of the following combinations is correct? Compound P

Compound R

A.

HCHO

CH 3 COOH

B.

HCOOH

CH 3 COOH

C.

CH 3 COOH

HCOOH

D.

CH 3 COOH

HCHO

263 Which of the following conversions involve a reducing agent? (1) CH 3 CHO  CH 2 =CH 2 (2) CH 2 =CH 2  CH 3 CH 2 OH (3) CH 3 COOH  CH 3 CH 2 Cl A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

473

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

264 What is the minimum number of steps in converting an alkane to an aldehyde? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 265 Consider the following multi-step synthesis:

Which of the following combinations is correct? Reagent X

Compound Y

Compound Z

A.

Acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7

CH 3 COOH

CH 3 OH

B.

Concentrated H 2 SO 4

CH 2 =CH 2

CH 3 OH

C.

Acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7

CH 3 COOH

CH 3 CH 2 OH

D.

Concentrated H 2 SO 4

CH 2 =CH 2

CH 3 CH 2 OH

266 Which of the following compounds CANNOT be converted to an alcohol in a single step? A. Propanone B. Propanal C. Propane D. Propene 267 Which of the following statements about converting 2-chloropropane to propanone are correct? (1) The conversion is a two-step synthesis. (2) One of the reagents of the conversion is sodium hydroxide solution. (3) A secondary alcohol is an intermediate compound. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

474

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

268 Which of the following reagents are needed during the conversion of propanamide to propene? (1) Concentrated H 2 SO 4 (2) Dilute HCl (3) LiAlH 4 A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Section 47.2 269 When 23.0 g of ethanol reacts with 48.5 g of hydrogen bromide, 32.7 g of bromoethane is obtained. What is the percentage yield of bromoethane? A. 30.0% B. 50.1% C. 60.0% D. 70.3% 270 When 1 mole of ethanol is oxidized by heating with acidified potassium dichromate solution, 0.8 mole of ethanoic acid is obtained. Which of the following statements concerning the oxidation are correct? (1) The percentage yield of ethanoic acid is 80.0%. (2) Ethanal is an intermediate compound in the above oxidation. (3) Acidified KMnO 4 can replace acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7 in the above oxidation. A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

271 Consider the following multi-step synthesis:

The overall percentage yield is 36%. What is the percentage yield for converting C to ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

475

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

D? A. B. C. D.

80% 75% 65% 60%

272 What is the overall yield of the following synthesis?

A. B. C. D.

24% 48% 50% 60%

273 When 4.6 g of ethanol is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid, 1.4 g of ethene is obtained. What is the percentage yield of ethene? A. 10.0% B. 30.4% C. 50.0% D. 60.9% 274 What is the overall yield of the following synthesis?

A. B. C. D.

10.0% 14.4% 30.0% 40.0%

275 When 70.0 g of chloroethane mixed with excess sodium hydroxide solution, 27.0 g of ethanol was obtained. What is the percentage yield of ethanol? A. 27.0% B. 38.6% C. 53.9% ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

476

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

D.

71.6%

276 Which of the following statements about planning a synthetic route are correct? (1) The planned route should produce little or no by-products. (2) The planned route should involve as few steps as possible. (3) The percentage yield of planned route should be over 50%. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 277 When 28.0 g of ethene reacts with excess hydrogen chloride, 38.0 g of chloroethane is obtained. What is the percentage yield of chloroethane? A. 38.0% B. 58.9% C. 66.0% D. 73.7% 278 The overall yield of the following synthesis is 28%. What is the percentage yield for converting B to C?

A. B. C. D.

14% 28% 50% 75%

279 When 12.0 g of butan-1-ol and 10.2 g of ethanoic acid were mixed and heated under reflux with a few cm3 of concentrated sulphuric acid, 5.8 g of ester was obtained. What is the percentage yield of the ester formed? A. 56.9% B. 48.3% C. 30.9% D. 29.4% ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

477

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

280 In an experiment, 10.5 g of methyl ethanoate was heated under reflux with a dilute acid to give a mixture of ethanoic acid and methanol. Then, pure ethanoic acid was distilled out from the product mixture and required 100 cm3 of 0.5 M sodium carbonate solution for complete neutralization. What is the percentage yield of ethanoic acid? A. 35.2% B. 57.1% C. 70.4% D. 81.1% 281 When 10 cm3 of methanoic acid (density = 1.2 g cm3) was heated under reflux with 10 cm3 of ethanol (density = 0.8 g cm3) in the presence of acid catalyst, 8.5 g of ethyl methanoate was obtained. What is the percentage yield of ethyl methanoate? A. 42.5% B. 44.0% C. 65.9% D. 70.8% Section 47.3 282 Which of the following statements about using a reflux condenser in a laboratory preparation of an ester are correct? (1) It condenses vapour formed from the reaction mixture during heating. (2) It prevents the loss of volatile substances on prolonged heating. (3) It must be kept open to the atmosphere during heating. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 283 In a laboratory preparation of an ester, a distillate is obtained after distilling the product mixture. Which of the following statements concerning the distillate are correct? (1) The distillate has a much lower percentage of water. ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

478

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(2) The distillate is mixed with excess sodium carbonate solution to remove any acidic substances. (3) The distillate has to be redistilled to obtain pure ester. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 284 In a laboratory preparation of an ester, a mixture of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid is heated under reflux in the presence of acid catalyst. Then, a distillate is obtained after distilling the product mixture. Which of the following reagents are used to purify the distillate? (1) Sodium carbonate solution (2) Calcium chloride solution (3) Anhydrous calcium chloride A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Each question below consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each of the two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or not the second statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then select one option from A to D according to the following table: A.

Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement. B. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement. C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true. D. Both statements are false. Sections 47.147.3 285 Concentrated sulphuric acid is used in the laboratory preparation of ester.

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

Concentrated sulphuric acid is an oxidizing agent.

479

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

286 In the laboratory preparation of an ester, concentrated sulphuric acid is used as a catalyst.

In the laboratory preparation of an ester, concentrated sulphuric acid drives the equilibrium of esterification to the product side by removing water formed.

287 The reflux condenser is used to condense vapour formed from the reaction mixture during heating.

The reflux condenser should be kept open to the atmosphere during heating.

Chemistry: Chapter 48 Important organic substances Section 48.1 288 Which of the following compounds is NOT a carbohydrate? A. C 6 (H 2 O) 6 B. C. D.

C 5 H 10 O 5 C3H6O3 C 7 H 15 O 7

289 Which of the following statements about glucose and fructose are correct? (1) They have the same molecular formula. (2) They are chain isomers. (3) They can exist in a ring form. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 290 Which of the following statements concerning simple sugars are correct? (1) Their general formula is C x (H 2 O) y . (2) Glucose and fructose are simple sugars. (3) They are insoluble in water. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

480

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

C. D.

(2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

291 Which of the following statements concerning glucose and fructose are correct? (1) They have different numbers of chiral carbon atoms. (2) They are position isomers. (3) They are soluble in water. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 292 Which of the following functional groups are present in fructose? (1) Hydroxyl group (2) Ketone group (3) Aldehyde group A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 293 Consider the following structure:

What is the above compound? A. Fructose B. Glucose C. Sucrose D. Starch

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

481

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

294 Consider the following structure:

What is the above compound? A. Fructose B. Glucose C. Sucrose D. Starch Section 48.2 295 Which of the following statements about animal fats are correct? (1) They are generally solids at room temperature. (2) They contain a higher proportion of triglycerides derived from long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. (3) They are formed from glycerol which has three OH groups. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 296 Which of the following functional groups present in an unsaturated fat molecule? (1) Ester group (2) Carbon-carbon double bond (3) Carboxyl group A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 297 Which of the following are unsaturated fatty acids? ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

482

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(1) Oleic acid (2) Linoleic acid (3) Palmitic acid A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 298 Which of the following statements concerning animal fats and vegetable oils are correct? (1) Animal fats have a higher percentage of saturated triglycerides than vegetable oils. (2) Eating too much animal fats will raise blood cholesterol level. (3) Animal fats and vegetable oils are solids and liquids at room conditions respectively. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 299 Which of the following statements concerning fatty acids are correct? (1) They are one of the components of fats and oils. (2) If the hydrocarbon chain of a fatty acid contains carbon-carbon double bonds, the fatty acid is saturated. (3) They are long-chain carboxylic acids containing 11 to 23 carbon atoms. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 300 Which of the following statements about olive oil derived from oleic acid (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 7 CH=CH(CH 2 ) 7 COOH) is/are INCORRECT? (1) It is a vegetable oil. (2) It is usually a solid at room temperature. (3) It has a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids. ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

483

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

A. B. C. D.

(1) only (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only

301 Which of the following statements concerning vegetable oils is INCORRECT? A. The chemical structures of vegetable oils are triesters. B. Vegetable oils can be converted into margarine by hydrogenation. C. Vegetable oils generally contain a higher proportion of triglycerides derived from long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. D. All vegetable oils are optically inactive. 302 Which of the following statements concerning glucose are correct? (1) It is a carbohydrate. (2) It reacts with acidified potassium dichromate solution to give a green solution. (3) It reacts with iodine solution to give a dark blue solution. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 303 The diagram below shows the structure of a vegetable oil molecule. R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrocarbon chains containing the same number of carbon atoms but different numbers of C=C bonds.

Which of the following statements concerning the vegetable oil molecule is/are correct? (1) It is optically active. (2) It is a condensation polymer of glycerol and fatty acids. ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

484

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(3) The vegetable oil becomes solid after hydrogenation in the presence of a metal catalyst. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 304 A fat molecule is shown below:

Which of the following functional groups is present in the fat molecule? A. Hydroxyl group B. Ketone group C. Ester group D. Carboxyl group Section 48.3 305 Which of the following statements concerning proteins are correct? (1) Proteins are long polypeptide chains. (2) There are many amide linkages in proteins. (3) Water is eliminated during the formation of proteins. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 306 A segment of a polypeptide is shown below:

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

485

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Which of the following amino acids make up the segment? (1)

(2)

(3)

A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

307 Which of the following statements concerning amino acids are correct? (1) Each amino acid molecule contains an amino group and a carboxyl group. (2) All amino acid molecules have a chiral carbon atom and thus can rotate the plane of polarized light. (3) Amino acid molecules undergo condensation reaction to give protein. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 308 Which of the following statements concerning protein is/are correct? (1) It is a natural polymer. (2) It is an addition polymer. (3) All amino acids are optically active. ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

486

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

A. B. C. D.

(1) only (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only

309 A segment of a polypeptide is shown below:

Which of the following functional groups is present in the individual amino acids that make up the polypeptide? A. Amino group B. Amide group C. Ketone group D. Carbonyl group Section 48.4 310 Which of the following functional groups is NOT present in aspirin? A. Carbonyl group B. Benzene ring C. Ester group D. Carboxyl group 311 Which of the following functional groups is NOT present in aspirin? A. Ester group B. Benzene ring C. Hydroxyl group D. Carboxyl group 312 Which of the following functional groups does aspirin contain? (1) Carboxyl group (2) Hydroxyl group (3) Ester group ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

487

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

313 Which of the following statements concerning aspirin are correct? (1) It is an ester. (2) It is a painkiller. (3) Low dose of aspirin prevents stroke. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 314 Which of the following functional groups are present in aspirin? (1) Carboxyl group (2) Amide group (3) Benzene ring A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 315 Consider the following structure of paracetamol:

Which of the following functional groups are present in paracetamol? (1) Amide group (2) Ketone group (3) Hydroxyl group A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

488

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

D.

(1), (2) and (3)

316 Which of the following are the functional groups that can be found in acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)? (1) Aldehyde group (2) Carboxyl group (3) Ester group A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 317 Which of the following are the major products when aspirin is heated with sodium hydroxide solution under reflux? (1) CH 3 COONa+ (2)

(3)

A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

318 Which of the following are the functions of aspirin? (1) Relieving pain (2) Reducing inflammation and fever (3) Reducing the risk of heart attack A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

489

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Section 48.5 319 Which of the following statements about soapy detergents are correct? (1) Their structures have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. (2) They are made from petroleum. (3) They form scum with calcium ions in hard water. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 320 Which of the following statements about soapless detergents are correct? (1) They have wetting and emulsifying properties. (2) They are usually sodium salts of long-chain alkylsulphate. (3) They form lather with magnesium ions in hard water. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 321 Which of the following sequences is correct for the cleaning action of soaps and soapless detergents? (1) The hydrophobic tails of detergent anions dissolve in grease. (2) The grease forms tiny droplets, forming an emulsion. (3) Water can enter small spaces to wet the object thoroughly. (4) Water molecules attract the hydrophilic heads of detergent anions, lifting up the grease from surface. A. (4), (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (4), (2), (3) C. (4), (3), (1), (2) D. (3), (1), (4), (2) 322 Which of the following statements concerning soapy detergents is/are INCORRECT? (1) Soapy detergents are always acidic. (2) Each soapy detergent anion contains an ionic head and a hydrocarbon chain. ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

490

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(3) Soapy detergents are made from petroleum. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 323 Which of the following organic substances contain(s) carboxylate group? (1) Soap (2) Glycerol (3) Aspirin A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 324 Which of the following statements concerning soapy detergents are correct? (1) They are always alkaline. (2) They are made from chemicals obtained from petroleum. (3) The ionic head of soapy detergent is always a carboxylate group. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 325 Which of the following statements concerning a detergent anion is/are correct? (1) It contains a hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail. (2) It is attracted to both water and oil molecules. (3) Its ionic head must be a carboxylate group. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 326 Which of the following statements concerning saponification are correct? ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

491

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(1) It involves sodium hydroxide solution. (2) It is used to prepare soapless detergents. (3) It gives glycerol as the by-product. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 327 Which of the following statements concerning hard water are correct? (1) It contains considerable concentrations of calcium and/or magnesium ions. (2) Soapless detergents work properly in it. (3) Both lather and scum are formed when soap works in it. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 328 Which of the following products are formed when peanut oil is boiled with sodium hydroxide solution? (1) Propane-1,2,3-triol (2) Soapy detergents (3) Ester A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 329 Soapy detergents do not work properly in acidic medium because A. soapy detergents form esters with acids. B. soapy detergents react with acids to form an insoluble scum. C. soapy detergents decompose in acids. D. soapy detergents form fatty acid in acids. 330 Which of the following is a correct general structure for a detergent particle? ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

492

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

A. B.

C. D.

331 Which of the following are the correct structures for soapless detergents? (1)

(2)

(3) A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

332 Which of the following is/are the correct structure(s) for soaps? (1) (2) (3) A. B. C. D.

(1) only (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

493

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

333 Which of the following statements concerning the wetting property of detergents are correct? (1) It reduces the surface tension of water. (2) It enables water to wet things more efficiently. (3) It emulsifies grease. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 334 Which of the following statements concerning the arrangement of detergent anions in an oil-water mixture are correct? (1) Before shaking the mixture, the ionic heads of the detergent anions dissolve in water. (2) Before shaking the mixture, the hydrocarbon tails of the detergent anions dissolve in the oil. (3) After shaking the mixture, negatively charged oil droplets are formed. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 335 Which of the following statements concerning hard water is/are correct? (1) Hard water contains considerable concentrations of calcium and/or magnesium ions. (2) Soaps form lather in hard water. (3) Both soaps and soapless detergents work well in hard water. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 336 Consider the following statements: ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

494

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(1) (2) (3) (4)

The hydrophobic tails of detergent anions dissolve in grease. By stirring, the grease is broken down into tiny droplets, forming an emulsion. A detergent enables water to wet the object thoroughly. Water molecules attract the hydrophilic heads of detergent anions, lifting up the grease from the surface. Which of the following is a correct sequence of the above statements for describing how a detergent removes grease from a surface? A. (1), (2), (3), (4) B. (1), (4), (3), (2) C. (3), (1), (4), (2) D. (3), (4), (2), (1)

337 Which of the following substances are the starting materials for making soaps? (1) Animal fats (2) Vegetable oils (3) Chemicals obtained from petroleum A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 338 Which of the following statements concerning soaps and soapless detergents is/are correct? (1) Both of them work well in hard water. (2) Both have wetting and emulsifying properties. (3) Both are made from fats or oils. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 339 Which of the following statements about detergents are correct? (1) Detergents reduce the surface tension of water and enable water to wet things more easily. (2) Detergents are emulsifying agents which mix oil and water together. ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

495

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(3) Detergents are made from animal fats. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 340 Which of the following statements about soapy detergents is/are correct? (1) They form lather in hard water. (2) They can be prepared by heating vegetable oils with sodium hydroxide solution. (3) They react with the sodium ions to form scum. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 341 Which of the following combinations concerning the general structure of a detergent anion is correct? The head

The tail

A.

Hydrophobic

Hydrophilic

B.

Hydrophobic

Hydrophobic

C.

Hydrophilic

Hydrophobic

D.

Hydrophilic

Hydrophilic

342 Which of the following is/are soapy detergent(s)? (1) (2) (3) A. B. C. D.

(1) only (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only

343

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

496

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Which of the following diagrams correctly shows the detergent anions arrange themselves in an oil droplet? A.

B.

C.

D.

344 Which of the following statements about adding a detergent to an oil-water mixture are correct? (1) The heads of detergent anions dissolve in the oil. (2) Oil droplets are formed after shaking the mixture. (3) The oil droplets are negatively charged and disperse throughout the water. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 345 Which of the following statements concerning detergents are correct? (1) Detergents are substances which have cleaning power. (2) Detergents are substances which enhance the cleaning power of water. (3) Detergents work as a wetting agent and an emulsifying agent. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 346 Which of the following are detergents? (1) C 17 H 35 COOK ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

497

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(2) C 12 H 25 OSO 3 Na (3) C 17 H 35 COOH A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 347 Why are soapless detergents called ‘soapless’? A. They do not have the cleaning power as soaps. B. They do not contain any soap. C. They do not form any lather when they are shaken with water. D. They cannot be used together with soaps. 348 Which of the following diagrams represents the correct structure of a detergent particle? A.

B.

C.

D.

Ionic head

Hydrocarbon tail

349 Which of the following is the structure of a soapy detergent particle? A.

B.

C.

D.

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

498

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

350 Which of the following is the structure of a soapless detergent particle? A.

B.

C.

D.

351 Which of the following diagrams represents the detergent solution on a piece of cloth? A.

B.

C.

D.

352 Which of the following diagrams correctly represents a mixture of water and oil (with a little detergent added) after shaking and allowing it to stand? A.

B. oil

water

water

oil

C.

D.

water + oil droplets

water and oil solution

353 Which of the following diagrams correctly represents the arrangement of detergent anions in an oil-water mixture after shaking?

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

499

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

A.

B. water oil droplet

C.

water oil droplet

water oil droplet

D. water oil droplet

354 Which of the following statements about detergents are correct? (1) A detergent is sometimes known as a surfactant. (2) The hydrocarbon tails of detergent anions contain 12 to 20 carbon atoms in general. (3) Detergents form scum in hard water. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 355 Which of the following statements about soaps is correct? A. They are usually potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids. B. They are usually long-chain organic acids. C. They are usually long-chain covalent molecules. D. They are usually long-chain polymers. 356 Which of the following represents a soapy detergent with good cleaning power? A. B. C.

C 2 H 5 COONa+ C 17 H 35 COOK+ C 17 H 35 COOH

D.

C 17 H 35 OSO 3 Na+

357 A glass of water is used to test with soapy and soapless detergents. The results are shown below: Soapy detergent ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

Soapless detergent 500

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Scum

a lot

no

Lather

little

a lot

What is in the glass? A. Distilled water B. Soft water C. Deionized water D. Sea water 358 When vegetable oil is boiled with sodium hydroxide solution, a product mixture is obtained. Then concentrated sodium chloride solution is added to the product mixture, a creamy yellow solid is obtained. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. Glycerol is formed in the process as a by-product. B. The step of adding concentrated sodium chloride solution is called ‘salting out’. C. The creamy yellow solid is an ester. D. The creamy yellow solid can be used to remove grease. 359 Which of the following combinations for making a soapy detergent is correct? A. Butter + sodium hydroxide solution B. Palm oil + calcium hydroxide solution C. Crude oil + potassium hydroxide solution D. Paraffin oil + sodium hydroxide solution 360 Grease and oil in ovens or kitchen sinks are readily removed by concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. Which of the following statements concerning the reaction involved are correct? (1) The grease and oil are hydrolysed by concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. (2) A lot of heat is evolved when concentrated sodium hydroxide dissolves in water. (3) Concentrated sodium hydroxide solution reacts with grease and oil to give products which are soluble in water and can go through the drains. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

501

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

361 Which of the following alkalis is usually used to prepare bath soaps? A. Sodium hydroxide B. Ammonia C. Potassium hydroxide D. Calcium hydroxide 362 Under which of the following conditions do soapy detergents work improperly? (1) Acidic medium (2) Sea water (3) Hard water A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 363 Which of the following substances is usually NOT the additives of washing powders? A. Bleach B. Alkali C. Enzymes D. Perfumes 364 Which of the following compounds are the possible products when a soapy detergent is added to a sample of acidic sea water? (1) (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 16 COO) 2 Ca (2) (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 16 COO) 2 Mg (3) CH 3 (CH 2 ) 16 COOH A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 365 Which of the following ways can prevent soaps from forming scum in hard water? ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

502

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(1) Adding phosphates in hard water. (2) Adding washing soda in hard water. (3) Adding sodium chloride in hard water. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 366 Which of the following substances can form scum with soaps? A. Sea water B. Distilled water C. Tap water D. Deionized water 367 Which of the following statements about adding dilute hydrochloric acid into a soapy detergent solution are correct? (1) Solid ester is formed. (2) White precipitate is produced. (3) Cleaning action of the soapy detergent solution is lost. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 368 Which of the following combinations concerning detergents is correct? Soapy detergent

Soapless detergent

A. B. C. D. 369 Soaps have a cleaning property because they ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

503

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(1) emulsify oil with water. (2) increase the cohesive forces between water molecules. (3) enable water to spread over the surface and wet it more easily. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 370 After the formation of soap by heating vegetable oil with sodium hydroxide solution, what is added to the product mixture to obtain solid soap? A. Sodium hydroxide B. Brine C. Small piece of solid soap D. Calcium carbonate 371 Which of the following solutions can form scum with soapy detergents? (1) Magnesium chloride solution (2) Sodium chloride solution (3) Calcium chloride solution A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 372 The formula of certain soap is C n H 2n+1 COONa and the relative molecular mass of it is between 240 and 245. What is the value of n? A. 12 B. 13 C. 14 D. 15 373 What could be observed when soapy detergent is added to lime water? A. lather is formed. B. The solution turns pink. ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

504

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

C. D.

White precipitate is formed. The solution is divided into two layers.

374 Which of the following statements about soapy detergents is INCORRECT? A. B. C. D.

They contain carboxylate group (COO). They form scum in hard water. They can be ‘tailor-made’ to suit a particular cleaning purpose. They can be made by reacting animal fats with sodium hydroxide solution.

375 Pipe cleaners are commonly used at home to clean drainpipes. On the label of pipe cleaner containers, safety direction is usually printed as, ‘Wear rubber gloves and avoid contact with skin and eyes when using.’ Why this safety direction must be followed? A. The active ingredient is detergent which makes skin rough and dry. B. The active ingredient is sodium hydroxide solution which is corrosive. C. The active ingredient is enzyme which digests the grease. D. The active ingredient is bleach which is corrosive and bleaches the skin. 376 Consider the following reaction: Coconut oil + Sodium hydroxide solution  Soap + Substance X Which of the following compounds is substance X? A. Ethanol B. Water C. Glycerol D. Triester 377 Which of the following CANNOT be used in making soaps? A. Palm oil B. Lard C. Paraffin oil D. Linseed oil 378 What is another name for saponification? ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

505

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

A. B. C. D.

Redox reaction Alkaline hydrolysis of animal fats or vegetable oils Acidic hydrolysis of animal fats and vegetable oils Dehydration

379 Which of the following statements concerning soapless detergents is/are correct? (1) They work properly in hard water. (2) They form scum in hard water. (3) Bath soaps are soapless detergents. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 380 The diagram below shows the structure of a detergent particle:

Which of the following statements about the detergent are INCORRECT? (1) It is made from vegetable oils. (2) Its ionic head is hydrophobic. (3) It forms scum in hard water. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Section 48.6 381 Which of the following organic substances contain amide linkages? (1) Proteins (2) Nylon (3) Polyesters A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

506

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

382 The general repeating unit of nylon is shown below:

Which of the following statements concerning the repeating unit are correct? (1) R and R’ refer to hydrocarbon chains. (2) Nylon is made up by many repeating units.

(3) The A. B. C. D.

linkage is called amide linkage. (1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

383 Which of the following statements concerning nylon is/are INCORRECT? (1) Nylon is a polyester. (2) It contains peptide linkages. (3) The general repeating unit of nylon is

A. B. C. D.

(1) only (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only

Section 48.7 384 Which of the following organic substances has amide linkages? A. Triglyceride B. Glucose C. Nylon ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

507

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

D.

Polyester

385 Which of the following polymers is/are linked by amide linkages? (1) Protein (2) PET (3) Polystyrene A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 386 Which of the following statements about synthetic fibres are correct? (1) Nylon and polyesters are synthetic substitute of wool and silk. (2) Monomers of nylon and polyesters are joined by amide linkages and ester linkages respectively. (3) The synthesis of synthetic fibres involved a condensation reaction. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 387 Which of the following organic substances are condensation polymers? (1) Protein (2) Nylon 6,6 (3) Terylene A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 388 Which of the following compounds are the possible monomers of a polyester? (1) HOOCCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH (2) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH (3) HOCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

508

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

389 Which of the following organic substances contain ester groups? (1) Proteins (2) Aspirin (3) Polyesters A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D.

(1), (2) and (3)

Each question below consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each of the two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or not the second statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then select one option from A to D according to the following table: Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement. B. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement. C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true. D. Both statements are false. A.

Section 48.1 390 Fructose cannot be oxidized to give carboxylic acid.

Fructose has a ketone group.

391 Fructose is a kind of carbohydrate and has an aldehyde group.

Glucose is also a kind of carbohydrate and has an aldehyde group.

Section 48.2 392

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

509

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Glycerol is insoluble in water.

Glycerol is a component of triglycerides.

393 Vegetable oils are usually liquids at room temperature.

Vegetable oils are derived from long-chain unsaturated fatty acids in cis configuration.

Sections 48.348.5 394 Soapless detergents are always alkaline.

Soapless detergents are sodium salts of long-chain alkylbenzenesulphonate and alkylsulphate.

395 Soapless detergents form lather easily in hard water.

The ionic heads of soapless detergent particles do not precipitate with either calcium or magnesium ions in hard water.

396 Detergents are always alkaline.

Soapy detergents are made from the reaction between fats/oils and sodium hydroxide solution.

397 A detergent solution can wet a cloth more easily than water.

A detergent reduces the surface tension of water.

398 Shampoos are soapless detergents.

Shampoos are made from chemicals obtained from petroleum.

399 Soapless detergents are sodium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids.

Soapless detergents are made from animal fats.

400 ©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

510

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

In the presence of detergent, oil and water can mix together.

Detergent is a wetting agent.

401 Detergents can remove grease and dirt from a surface.

Detergents have both wetting and emulsifying properties.

402 When a detergent is mixed with water, effervescence occurs.

Lather is formed when a detergent is mixed with water.

403 Detergents can dissolve in both water and grease.

Each detergent particle has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.

404 After saponification is completed, concentrated sodium chloride solution is added to separate the soaps from the solution.

Concentrated sodium chloride solution lowers the solubility of soaps in water.

405 Bath soaps are soapy detergents.

Bath soaps are made from animal fats and sodium hydroxide solution.

406 Soapless detergents work well in hard water.

Hard water contains considerable concentrations of magnesium ions and calcium ions.

407 Soapy detergents do not work well in hard water.

Soap anions react with calcium and/or magnesium ions in hard water to give insoluble scum.

408

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

511

HKDSE Chemistry  A Modern View Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Soapy detergents work well in acidic water.

When soapy detergents are added to acidic water, long-chain carboxylic acids are formed.

409 Soapy detergents work properly in sea water.

Sea water does not contain any magnesium ions and calcium ions.

410 Washing soda is a water softener.

Washing soda removes calcium and magnesium ions as insoluble carbonates.

Sections 48.648.7 411 Both nylon and polyesters are insoluble in water.

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2010

Nylon contains amide linkages while polyesters contain ester linkage.

512