Caracteristicas No Lineales de Los Dispositivos Activos Roismar

 

Pkpù`ceaf @lcevfrefdf mk Wkdkzukcf Jedestkrel mkc ^lmkr ^lpucfr pfrf cf Mkgkdsf [devkrsemfm Dfaeldfc Kxpkrejkdtfc ^lcetåadeaf mk cf Gukrzf Frjfmf ]edfqueccl Kstfml Alikmks

[demfm #6 Afrfatkrêsteafs dl cedkfcks mk cls mesplsetevls fatevls 

Fcujdf9 Plesjfr Alcjkdfrks ^rlgkslr9

AE9 07.;>5.>57

Edo. Mfdekc Jftutk

]edfqueccl, Jfyl mkc 0>06

 

Afrfatkrêsteafs kxpldkdaefcks y fdæceses mkc fjpcegeafmlr ald trfdsestlr

^frf quk ud trfdsestlr lpkrk aljl fjpcegeafmlr mk`k kstfr plcfrezfml kd cf rkoeñd fatevf. Cf megeauctfm mk plcfrezfaeñd ks kc mk kstf`ckakr udf alrrekdtk ma aldstfdtk kd kc kjeslr l kd kc alckatlr. Kstf alrrekdtk mk`k skr prkmkae`ck k edskdse`ck f vfrefaeldks mk tkjpkrfturfs, vfclr mk ΰ, kdtrk ltrls. Kd cl quk seouk mkjlstrfrkjls cf plcfrezfaeñd mkc trfdsestlr trfd sestlr f udf alrrekdtk aldstfdtk mk alckatlr. Kstk rkquesetl surok mkc bkabl mk quk cf lpkrfaeñd mkc trfdsestlr aljl fjpcegeafmlr kstæ fctfjkdtk edgcuemf plr kc vfclr mk cf alrrekdtk mk rkplsl (l mk plcfrezfaeñd), aljl sk jukstrf f aldtedufaeñd. Qed kdtrfr kd kc kstumel kd grkaukdaef, cfs afrfatkrêsteafs jæs ejplrtfdtks kd ud fjpcegeafmlr sld su ofdfdaef, ejpkmfdaef mk kdtrfmf k ejpkmfdaef mk sfcemf. Qk mkgedk cf "ejpkmfdaef afrfatkrêsteaf aljl cf ejpkmfdaef quk prkskdtfrêf prkskdt frêf tkñreafjkdtk udf cêdkf mk trfdsjeseñd mk cldoetum edgedetf, sekdml Yl: W/E cêjetks pfrf pkquköfs. U orfdmks sköfcks Cêjetks pfrf pkquköfs y orfdmks sköfcks

Qk megkrkdaef kdtrk orfd sköfc y pkquköf sköfc, kd quk kstf ùctejf tekdk vfclrks mk tkdseñd mk plals jecevlctels Qe cf sköfc mk kdtrfmf ks skdlemfc y kc pudtl mk trf`fil mkc trfdsestlr cckof f alrtk l f sfturfaeñd, cf sköfc mk sfcemf yf dl skræ skdlemfc, prkskdtfdml udf orfd mestlrseñd se kc mkspcfzfjekdtl mkc pudtl sk rkstredok f cf zldf fatevf (rfzldf`ckjkdtk cedkfc) cf sköfc mk sfcemf, plmrkjls aldsemkrfrcf dl mestlrseldfmf.

 

  Cls fjpcegeafmlrks pukmkd pukmkd acfsegeafrsk mk vfrefs glrjfs9 cf prejkrf, skoùd kc devkc mk sköfc quk jfdkikd, kd fjpcegeafmlrks mk pkquköf sköfc l mk sköfc orfdmk l orfd sköfc. F cls prejkrls tfj`eåd sk cks mkseodf aljl fjpcegeafmlrks mk vlctfik y f cls skoudmls, aljl mk pltkdaef. Kvemkdtkjkdtk, kstf mkseodfaeñd rksuctf fj`eouf y sk aljpckjkdtf edmeafdml se kc fjpcegeafmlr ks cedkfc l dl cedkfc. [d fjpcegeafmlr cedkfc dl mestlrseldf cf sköfc, fc jkdls kd tklrêf. [d fjpcegeafmlr dl cedkfc pukmk l dl mestlrseldfr cf sköfc, mkpkdmekdml mk cf aldgeourfaeñd mkc aerauetl quk sk uteceak. Cf mestlrseñd kd cf `fdmf mk lpkrfaeñd pukmk mfrsk kd fjpcetum, kd gfsk l, jæs okdkrfcjkdtk, kd fj`fs. ]rfmeaeldfcjkdtk sk acfsegeaf f cls fjpcegeafmlrks kd acfsks, cfs jæs usufcks, F, @ y A. Fjpcegeafmlrks mk `fdmf fdabf9

Ks ud mesplsetevl quk fjpcegeaf vfrels afdfcks sejuctædkfjkdtk, dlrjfcjkdtk udf `fdmf kdtkrf. ]ekdkd udf l vfrefs kdtrfmfs pfrf afmf `fdmf (@E, GJ, @EE, [BG y GE). Cfs kdtrfmfs sld rkoucf`cks pfrf rkfcezfr cf kaufcezfaeñd plr `fdmfs. ]ekdk cf gukdtk mk fcejkdtfaeñd kcåatreaf edalrplrfmf. Kc fjpcegeafmlr mk `fdmf fdabf edalrplrf kdtrfmfs mk GJ (@EE), MF@ (@EEE), [BG (0 kdtrfmfs edmkpkdmekdtks) y GE (sftåcetk). Akdtrfc mk fjpcegeafaeñd prlorfjf`ck9  Mesplsetevl ald megkrkdtks fjpcegeafmlrks edmkpkdmekdtks pfrf fjpcegeafr skpfrfmfjkdtk cls afdfcks mk

[BG y pkrjeter cf kaufcezfaeñd mk afmf afdfc. Fjpcegeafmlr mk edtkrelr mk vevekdmf9  fjpcegeafmlr pfrf edstfcfaeldks

edmevemufcks l alckatevfs mk pkquköfs mejkdseldks. Qk megkrkdaef mk cls fjpcegeafmlrks mk `fdmf fdabf kd kc dùjkrl mk kdtrfmfs y kd udf tkdseñd jæxejf mk sfcemf jkdlr.

 

Fjpcegeafmlrks @fdmf kstrkabf.

Qld fjpcegeafmlrks ald ud fdabl mk `fdmf mk ud slcl afdfc, mkdljedfmls jldlafdfcks, l ald udf fdabl mk `fdmf fiustfml f ud dùjkrl rkmuaeml mk afdfcks, kdtrk 0 l ?, mkdljedfmls jucteafdfcks. Kstls mesplsetevls aukdtfd ald rkoucfaeñd edmkpkdmekdtk mk ofdfdaef, plr cl quk pukmkd tkdkr udf tkdseñd mk sfcemf juy fctf, dl veådmlsk fgkatfmf plr kc tltfc mk afdfcks fjpcegeafmls kd kc aldiudtl mkc kquepl. Mk kstf jfdkrf supckd cfs afrkdaefs mk cfs akdtrfcks `fdmf fdabf.

Kgkatl mk cf rksestkdaef mk kjeslr

Cf rksestkdaef mkc kjeslr aldkatfmf fc tkrjedfc mkc kjeslr mk ud fjpcegeafmlr mk trfdsestlr sk pukmk utecezfr pfrf fujkdtfr cf kstf`ecezfaeñd mk plcfrezfaeñd mk cls fjpcegeafmlrks Kc l`iktevl mk ud aerauetl fjpcegeafmlr mk sköfc AF ks kstf`ecezfr cf tkdseñd mk kdtrfmf plcfrezfmf mk AA fc fjpcegeafmlr y, plr cl tfdtl slcl fjpcegeafr cf sköfc mk AF rkqukremf. Kstf kstf`ecezfaeñd sk clorf jkmefdtk kc usl mk udf rksestkdaef mkc kjeslr quk prlplraeldf cf afdtemfm rkqukremf mk plcfrezfaeñd futljæteaf dkaksfref pfrf ud fjpcegeafmlr mk kjeslr aljùd. Afrfatkrêsteaf mkc Fjpcegeafmlr Megkrkdaefc

Kc fjpcegeafmlr megkrkdaefc ks cf ktfpf mk kdtrfmf afrfatkrêsteaf mk ud fjpcegeafmlr lpkrfaeldfc. Dl tekdk afpfaetlrks mk falpcfjekdtl de mk pfsl, cl quk ejpceaf quk kstæ merkatfjkdtk falpcfml. ^lr kstl, pukmk fjpcegeafr aufcquekr grkaukdaef edacuykdml edacuy kdml cf sköfc mk MA, quk ks kquevfckdtk f udf sköfc mk grkaukdaef akrl. Cf alrrekdtk mk alcf kd ud fjpcege fjpcegeafmlr afmlr megkrkdaefc sk mevemk kxfatfjkdtk kdtrk cls trfdsestlrks aufdml kstls sld emådteals.

 

Afrfatkrêsteafs mk cfs mls kdtrfmfs

Aufdml cls mls trfdsestlrks mk ud fjpcegeafmlr megkrkdaefc dl sld emådteals, cfs mls alrrekdtks mk `fsk sld megkrkdtks. Cf alrrekdtk mk mksfiustk mk cf kdtrfmf sk mkgedk aljl cf megkrkdaef kdtrk cfs mls alrrekdtks mk `fsk. Cf alrrekdtk mk plcfrezfaeñd mk cf kdtrfmf sk mkgedk aljl kc prljkmel mk cfs mls alrrekdtks mk `fsk.

Mestlrseñd

Ks ud gkdñjkdl dl mkskfml quk alrrkspldmk ald udf sköfc mk sfcemf dl gekc f cf mk kdtrfmf. Kstl sk pukmk mk`kr f cf gfctf mk cedkfcemfm mkc mesplsetevl fjpcegeafmlr, mkseoufc mestfdaef mk cfs aurvfs mkc trfdsestlr, sl`rkpfsfr cls cêjetks mk cf zldf cedkfc y f afpfaemfmks pfræsetfs l fslaefmfs fc fjpcegeafmlr

 

Kc trfdsestlr mk Kgkatl mk Afjpl

Ald cls trfdsestlrks `eplcfrks l`skrvæ`fjls aljl udf pkquköf alrrekdtk kd cf `fsk mk cls jesjls sk aldtrlcf`f udf alrrekdtk mk alckatlr jfylr. Cls ]rfdsestlrks mk Kgkatl mk Afjpl sld mesplsetevls kd cls quk cf alrrekdtk sk aldtrlcf jkmefdtk tkdseñd. Aufdml gudaeldfd aljl fjpcegeafmlr sujedestrfd udf alrrekdtk mk sfcemf quk ks prlplraeldfc f cf tkdseñd fpceafmf f cf kdtrfmf. Afrfatkrêsteafs okdkrfcks9  

^lr kc tkrjedfc mk aldtrlc dl sk f`slr`k alrrekdtk.

 

[df sköfc juy må`ec pukmk aldtrlcfr kc aljpldkdtk

 

Cf tkdseñd mk aldtrlc sk kjpckf pfrf arkfr ud afjpl kcåatreal

Qk kjpkzfrld f aldstruer kd cf måafmf mk cls 7>. Kxestkd mls tepls mk trfdsestlrks mk kgkatl mk afjpl cls IGK] (trfdsestlr mk kgkatl mk afjpl mk udeñd) y cls JLQGK]. Cls trfdsestlrks JLQ rkspkatl mk cls `eplcfrks laupfd jkdls kspfael plr cl quk su fpceafaeñd jæs grkaukdtk cf kdaldtrfjls kd cls aerauetls edtkorfmls. Ks ud aljpldkdtk mk trks tkrjedfcks quk sk mkdljedfd9 ^ukrtf (O, Oftk), Gukdtk (Q, Qlurak), y Mrkdfik (M, Mrfed). Qkoùd su aldstruaaeñd pukmkd skr mk afdfc ^ l mk afdfc D. Qus sêj`lcls sld cls seouekdtks9

 

Aurvf afrfatkrêsteaf

Cls pfræjktrls quk mkgedkd kc gudaeldfjekdtl mk ud GK] sk l`skrvfd kd cf seouekdtk geourf9

Cf aurvf afrfatkrêsteaf mkc GK] mkgedk ald prkaeseñd aljl gudaeldf kstk mesplsetevl. Kd kccf mestedouejls trks rkoeldks l zldfs ejplrtfdtks9 Yldf cedkfc. Kc GK] sk aljplrtf aljl udf rksestkdaef auyl vfclr mkpkdmk mk cf tkdseñd WOQ. Yldf mk sfturfaeñd.- F megkrkdaef mk cls trfdsestlrks `eplcfrks kd kstf zldf, kc GK], fjpcegeaf y sk aljplrtf aljl udf gukdtk mk alrrekdtk aldtrlcfmf plr cf tkdseñd quk kxestk kdtrk ^ukrtf (O) y Gukdtk l surtemlr (Q) , WOQ. Yldf mk alrtk.Cf edtkdsemfm mk Mrkdfmlr ks ducf. Aljl kd cls trfdsestlrks `eplcfrks kxestkd trks aldgeourfaeldks têpeafs9 Qurtemlr aljùd (QA), Mrkdfmlr aljùd (MA) y ^ukrtf aljùd (^A). Cf jæs utecezfmf ks cf mk surtemlr aljùd quk ks cf kquevfckdtk f cf mk kjeslr aljùd kd cls trfdsestlrks `eplcfrks.

 

Cfs predaepfcks fpceafaeldks mk kstk tepl mk trfdsestlrks sk kdaukdtrfd kd cf fjpcegeafaeñd mk sköfcks må`ecks.

^lcfrezfaeñd mkc GK] plr kdacfvfjekdtl mk peal

Kd cls trfdsestlrks `eplcfrks, udf pkquköf alrrekdtk mk kdtrfmf (alrrekdtk mk `fsk) aldtrlcf cf alrrekdtk mk sfcemf (alrrekdtk mk alckatlr)8 kd cls afsls mk cls GK], ks ud pkquköl vlctfik mk kdtrfmf quk aldtrlcf cf alrrekdtk mk sfcemf. Cf alrrekdtk quk aeraucf kd cf kdtrfmf ks okdkrfcjkdtk mksprkaef`ck mksprkaef` ck (jkdls mk ud peal fjpkrel). Kstl ks k s udf orfd vkdtfif, aufdml cf sköfc prlvekdk mk u ud d mesplsetevl tfc aljl ud jearñgldl mk aldmkdsfmlr l ud trfdsmuatlr pekzl kcåatreal, cls aufcks prlplraeldfd alrrekdtks edseodegeafdtks. Cls GK]―s, GK]―s, `æseafjkdtk sld mk mls tepls9 Kc trfdsestlr mk kgkatl mk afjpl mk Iudturf l IGK]. Kc trfdsestlr mk kgkatl mk afjpl ald aljpukrtf fescfmf l EOGK], tfj`eåd aldlaeml aljl skjealdmuatlr mk ñxeml mk jktfc, JLQ, l sejpckjkdtk JLQGK].

 

KC IGK]

Kc IGK] kstæ aldstetueml plr udf `frrf mk seceael tepl D l afdfc D, edtrlmuaeml kd udf `frrf l fdeccl mk seceael tepl ^. Cls tkrjedfcks mkc afdfc D sld mkdljedfmls –Q[P]EMLP‚ (QL[PAK) y –MPKDFMLP‚ (MPFED). Kc fdeccl glrjf kc k c tkrakr tkrjedfc mkc IGK] ccfjfml ALJ^[KP]F (OF]K). Edeaefcjkdtk aeraucf udf alrrekdtk plr cf aljpukrtf, pkrl plstkrelrjkdtk cf alrrekdtk aeraucf ùdeafjkdtk mksmk kc surtemlr fc Mrkdfmlr sed aruzfr cf iudturf ^D.

Kc aldtrlc mk kstf alrrekdtk sk kgkatùf plr jkmel mk cf fpceafaeñd mk ud vlctfik mk plcfrezfaeñd edvkrsl, fpceafml kdtrk cf aljpukrtf y kc surtemlr (WOQ), glrjfdml ud afjpl kcåatreal kc aufc cejetf kc pfsl mk cf alrrekdtk f trfvås mkc afdfc D. Fc fujkdtfr kc vlctfik edvkrsl, fpceafml f cf aljpukrtf, fujkdtf kc afjpl kcåatreal, y cf alrrekdtk mk Qurtemlr f Mrkdfmlr mesjeduyk. ]fj`eåd sk aldstruykd IGK]―s ald `frrf mk seceael tepl ^ y fdeccls mk seceael tepl D, mkdljedædmlsk mkdljedædmlsk –IGK] afdfc ^‚.  ^‚. 

 

Kc vlctfik fpceafml kdtrk kc Mrkdfmlr y kc Qurtemlr (WMQ), dl mk`k sl`rkpfsfr kc vlctfik mk rupturf (têpeafjkdtk ;>W) plrquk mkstruerêf kc mesplsetevl. Qe sk fpceaf plcfrezfaeñd merkatf f cf aljpukrtf, aeraucfræ udf fctf alrrekdtk plr cf aljpukrtf quk pukmk mkstruer kc IGK] se dl kstæ cejetfmf plr udf rksestkdaef kd skrek ald cf aljpukrtf.