CARACTERISTICAS GEOLOGICA DE CHUQUISACA 42r4

 

ILABD HF LHF@XLILADALÑ@ HF X_DODMG HF L@YFQXLJDALÑ@ Xëtucg

Adrrfrd Dslj`dturd Jrupg Hgaf`tf

HFQA_LOL_ CD JFGCGJLD HFC HF^D_XDKF@XG HF ABVTVLQDAD @gkorfs y Dpfcclhgs Añhljg hf fstuhld`tfs Clzftb Ablrl Ausl 111>< Gsvdchg Ag`hgrl Dcvdrdhg 886>: Qfrjlg Gkdr Tulsofrt Ablpd`d 69>6/?>4< L`jf`lfrëd f` Jds y ^ftrñcfg Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc O L`j. @fcsg` _ghrljg Qdrdvld Abuqulkld

^frlghg dadhìklag Quosfhf

>4/?>4< Cd ^dz

Dutgr/fs Ifabd

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl

_FQVKF@= Cd Jf Jfgc gcgjë gjëdd hf Ab Abuq uqul ulsd sdad ad fs fstä tä rf rfprf prfsf` sf`td tdhd hd pg pgrr sfauf sfauf`a `ald ldss ^dcfg ^dcfgzgl zglads ads dc Gfst Gfstff hf hfcc hfpdrtdkf`tg hfpdrt dkf`tg,, f` cd zg`d af`trd af`trdcc bdccdkgs bdccdkgs sfauf`a sfauf`alds lds prfhgkl`d`t prfhgkl`d`tfs fs hfc ^dcfñjf`g-@fñjf`g ^dcfñjf`g-@fñjf`g y sfauf`alds hfc ^dcfgzglag Qupfrlgr y Kfsgzglag. Cds rgads pdcfgzglads y kfsgzglads ag`igrkd` cds sfrrd`ëds hfc Quod`hl`g quf fstä` dcl`fdhds f` hlrfaalñ` @grtf-Qur y gaupd` cd zg`d af`trdc hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg. Dc Gfstf sf pufhf` gosfrvdr dicgrdklf`tgs hf rgads pdcfgzglads ag` sfauf`alds hf drf`lsads, clkgcltds, audraltds, plzdrrds, cutltds, hldklatltds y ag`jcgkfrdhgs quf vd` hfshf fc grhgvëalag (G) bdstd fc adrog`ëifrg (A). F` fstd zg`d pghfkgs dhvfrtlr tdkolì` dcju`gs dicgrdklf`tgs hf rgads arftäalads (E).

DOQX_DAX= ^dcfgzglads, dicgrdklf`tgs, Jfgcgjëd, rgads

_FQVKF@= Xbf Jfgcgjy gi Abuqulsdad ls rfprfsf`tfh oy ^dcfgzgla sfquf`afs tg tbf wfst gi tbf hfpdrtkf`t, l` tbf af`trdc zg`f wf il`h prfhgkl`d prfhgkl`d`t `t sfquf`afs gi tbf ^dcfgjf`f-@ ^dcfgjf`f-@fgjf`f fgjf`f d`h sfquf`afs gi  tbf Vppfr ^dcfgzgla d`h Kfsgzgla. Xbf ^dcfgzgla d`h Kfsgzgla rgaes kdef up tbf kgu`tdl` rd`jfs gi Quod`hl`g tbdt drf dclj`fh l` d @grtb-Qgutb hlrfatlg` d`h gaaupy tbf af`trdc drfd gi tbf hfpdrtkf`t. Xg tbf wfst ygu ad` sff gutargppl`js gi ^dcfgzgla rgaes wltb sfquf`afs gi sd`hstg`fs, slctstg`fs, slct stg`fs, qudrtzltfs, qudrtzltfs, sbdcfs, sbdcfs, hldkla hldklatltfs tltfs d`h ag`jcg ag`jcgkfrdtf kfrdtfss tbdt jg irgk tbf Grhgvlald` Grhgvlald` (G) tg tbf Adrog`lifrgus (A). L` tbls drfd wf ad` dcsg sff sgkf gutargps gi Arftdafgus rgaes (E).

DOQX_DAX= ^dcfgzgla, gutargps, Jfgcgjy, rgaes.

Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d ? hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl XDOCD HF AG@XF@LHG Xdocds hf lcustrdalg`fs.....................................................................................................................8 AD^ËXVCG 4. L@X_GHVAALG@..................................................................................................6 AD^LXVCG ?. ^CD@XFDKLF@XG HFC ^_GOCFKD................................................ ^_GOCFKD........................................ ................. .............. .....99 ?.4. Igrkucdalñ` hfc ^rgocfkd........................................................................................................9 ?.? Lhf`tliladalñ` hfc ^rgocfkd.......................................................................................................9 ?.1 Gomftlvg Jf`frdc........................................................................................................................9 ?.8 Gomftlvgs fspfaëilags.................................................................................................................9 ?.6. Mustliladalñ`..............................................................................................................................9 AD^LXVCG 1. KD_AG XFG_LAG................................................................................................: 1.4 D`tfafhf`tfs Blstñrlags............................................................................................................: 1.4.4^rgvl`alds....................................................................................................................: 1.4.?Ku`lalplgs..................................................................................................................2 1.4.1 Jfgcgjëd..................................................................................................................................< 1.4.8 Qufcgs.......................................................................................................................4> 1.4.6 Agrhlccfrd Grlf`tdc................................................................................................................4> 1.4.9 Quod`hl`g.............................................................................................................................4? 1.? Frd prfaäkorlad..........................................................................................................48 1.1 Fc fsauhg ordslcfôg.............................................................................................46 1.8 Frd pdcfgzglad....................................................................................................46 1.6 Qlstfkd aäkorlag...............................................................................................49 1.9 Qlstfkd grhgvëalag..............................................................................................49 1.: Qlstfkd slcýrlag...................................................................................................4: 1.2 Qlstfkd hfvñ`lag................................................................................................4: 1.< Qlstfkd adrog`ëifrg...........................................................................................4: 1.4> Qlstfkd pìrklag.................................................................................................4: 1.44 Frd kfsgzglad.....................................................................................................42 1.4? Qlstfkd trläslag...................................................................................................42 1.41 Qlstfkd muräslag..................................................................................................42 1.48 Qlstfkd aarrftäalag................................................................................................42 1.46 Datlvlhdh Qlskgs ysësklad tfrrfk tfrrfkgtgs gtgs f` A Abuqulsd buqulsdad..... ad............ .............. ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. .............. ......................... ........................4< ......4< 1.49 f` Abuqulsdad..........................................................................................?1 1.4: jfghl`äklad..............................................................................................................?2 1.42. Kdrdjud...................................................................................................................?< 1.4< Abuqulsdad fs u` f`grkf hfpñsltg hf rfstgs iñslcfs.................................................1> 1.?> Bdccdzjgs hfof` sfr rfpgrtdhgs d fspfaldclstds.........................................................11 1.?4 Idccds.....................................................................................................................................11 1.?4.4 Adodcjdklf`tg....................................................................................................................16 1.?? Adodcjdklf`tg D`hl`g prl`alpdc...........................................................................................16 1.8.?. Adodcjdklf`tg irg`tdc prl`alpdc..............................................................................12 1. 1.8. 8.4. 4. Idcc Idccdd K Kd` d`hd hdyd ydpf pfau audd..........................................................................................8> 1.6. ^fqufôd ^fqufôdss id idccds ccds sëskl sësklads ads f` O Ogclvl gclvldd pghrëd` pghrëd` hfsf`adhf`dr hfsf`adhf`dr u` iufrtf tfrrfkgtg.... tfrrfkgtg................82 ............82 Qujlfrf` adckd d`tf fstuhlg sgorf slskg......................................................................................6>

Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d 1 hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl Fc Hfpdrtdkf`tg agkpdrtf hgs idccds jfgcñjlads ag` Xdrlmd-Qd`td Aruz y Agabdodkod.............6> Oloclgjrdiëd....................................................................................................................................68

Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d 8 hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl

Xdocds hf lcustrdalg`fs Lcustrdalñ` 4...............................................................................................................................48 Lcustrdalñ` ?...............................................................................................................................46 Lcustrdalñ` 1...............................................................................................................................42 Lcustrdalñ` 8...............................................................................................................................?>

Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d 6 hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl

AD^ËXVCG 4. L@X_GHVAALG@ Cd jfgjrdiëd y cgs rfaursgs `dturdcfs hf u` pdës, fstä` ë`tlkdkf`tf rfcdalg`dhgs d cd ag`stltualñ` jfgcñjlad hf cd agrtfzd tfrrfstrf quf agrrfspg`hf d su tfrrltgrlg. Ogclvld rfprfsf`td cd së`tfsls jfgjräilad y jfgcñjlad hfc ag`tl`f`tf suhdkfrlad`g yd quf f` su tfrrltgrlg sf prfsf`td` rgads agrrfspg`hlf`tfs d tghds cds Frds Jfgcñjlads. Cds fxpgslalg`fs hf cds u`lhdhfs hf rgads käs d`tljuds sf f`auf`trd` prl`alpdckf`tf f` cd rfjlñ` `grgrlf`tdc hfc pdës y sf cds ag`gaf agkg fc ^rfaäkorlag hfc fsauhg ordslcfôg. Cd rfjlñ` gaalhf`tdc hfc pdës agrrfspg`hf d cd Adhf`d D`hl`d y fst fstää igr igrkd kdhd hd pgr hg hgss lk lkpg pgrt rtd` d`tf tfss ag agrhl rhlcc ccfr frds ds y cd auf`a auf`add dc dctl tlpc pcä` ä`la lad. d. Fs Fstd td rf rfjl jlñ` ñ` fst fstää rfcdalg`dhd d cds idmds kl`frdcñjlads ag`galhds y fxpcgtdhds. Cd agrhlccfrd Grlf`tdc ag`stltuyf cd fxprf fxprfsl slñ` ñ` kg kgrig rigcñ cñjl jlad ad kä käss lk lkpg pgrt rtd`t d`tff hf Ogcl Ogclvl vldd y ag agrrf rrfspg spg`hf `hf dc hf hf`g `gkl kl`d `dhg hg Oc Ocgqu gquff  pdcfgzglag hg`hf dicgrd` rgads agrrfspg`hlf`tfs d tghgs cgs slstfkds hf fstd Frd y rgads sf sfhl hlkf kf`t `tdrl drlds ds f ëj ëj`f `fds ds hf cd cdss Frds Frds Kfsgz Kfsgzgl glad ad y Af`g Af`gzgl zglad ad.. Cd ag agrhl rhlcc ccfr frdd Gaalh Gaalhf` f`td tdcc sf adrdatfrlzd pgr su grljf` vgcaä`lag y fstä igrkdhd pgr `ukfrgsgs ag`gs y icumgs hf cdvds hf fhdh Xfraldrld Xfrald rld y Audtfr Audtfr`drld. `drld. F`trf dkods agrhlc agrhlccfrds cfrds sf f`auf`trd f`auf`trd cd auf`ad f`hgrrflad f`hgrrflad hfc dctlpcd`g dctlpcd`g ag` ag` jrd jrd`h `hfs fs fxtf fxtf`sl `slg`f g`fss hf tf tfrrf rrf`g `gss pc pcd` d`gs, gs, prg prghua huatg tg hf cd da dauk ukuc ucdal dalñ` ñ` hf sf sfhl hlkf kf`t `tgs gs audtfr aud tfr`drl `drlgs gs f` u` d`tlju d`tljugg dkolf` dkolf`tf tf cda cdaust ustrf. rf. Fstd Fstd pcd`la pcd`lalf lf fstä fstä l`t l`tfrru frrukpl kplhd hd pgr kua kuabds bds sfrrd`ëds l`tfrdctlpcä`lads hg`hf dicgrd` rgads hf hlifrf`tfs fhdhfs, pfrg kdygrkf`tf Xfraldrlds. Cds fstrlodalg`fs grlf`tdcfs hf cgs D`hfs, quf clkltd` ag` cds ccd`urds grlf`tdcfs, igrkd` fc suod`hl`g quf f` su pdrtf sur y af`trdc rfprfsf`td` cd prl`alpdc rfjlñ` pftrgcfrd hf Ogclvld.

Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d 9 hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl

AD^LXVCG ?. ^CD@XFDKLF@XG HFC ^_GOCFKD ?.4. Igrkucdalñ` hfc ^rgocfkd ·Añkg difatd cds idccds f` fc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad7

?.? Lhf`tliladalñ` hfc ^rgocfkd V`g hf cgs prgocfkds quf dtrdvlfsd fc tfrrltgrlg abuqulsdqufôg sfrld, quf pgr fc tfrrf`g hf pdsd` 1 idccds (idccd Kd`hfydpfaud, Adodcjdklf`tg D`hl`g prl`alpdc, Adodcjdklf`tg irg`tdc prl`alpdc)

?.1 Gomftlvg Jf`frdc 

Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcñjlad f` fc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad

?.8 Gomftlvgs fspfaëilags 

D`dclzdr quì tlpgs hf idccds pdsd` pgr fc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad



Fxpcladr sl cds idccds quf d`dclzdkgs difatd f` cd fxpcgrdalñ` hf pgzgs pftrgcfrgs

?.6. Mustliladalñ` ^gr fc sfatgr hfc tfrrltgrlg hf Abuqulsdad pdsd` u`d sfrlf hf idccds f`trf cds audcfs sf hfstdad` 1= (idccd (idc cd Kd` Kd`hfy hfydpfa dpfaud ud quf agk agkprf prf`hf `hf cgs tfr tfrrlt rltgrl grlgs gs hf Qd`td Qd`td Aruz, Aruz, Quarf Quarf y Xdrlmd Xdrlmd55 Idccd Idccd Adodcjdklf`tg D`hl`g prl`alpdc quf agkprf`hf cgs tfrrltgrlgs hf Agabdodkod, Qd`td Aruz, Quarf y Xdrlmd5 y cd Idccd hf Adodcjdklf`tg irg`tdc prl`alpdc quf agkprf`hf cgs tfrrltgrlgs hf Xdrlmd, Qd`td Aruz, Quarf, Of`l y cd pdz)

Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d : hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl

AD^LXVCG 1. KD_AG XFG_LAG 1.4 D`tfafhf`tfs Blstñrlags. Fc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad tlf`f u`d supfrilalf hf 64.6?8 elcñkftrgs audhrdhgs, dprgxlkdhdkf`tf, su rfclfvf fs vdrldhg ag` u`d adhf`d hf kg`tdôds pfrtf`falf`tf d cd Agrhlccfrd Grlf`tdc quf hlskl`uyf f` dctltuh bdald fc Fstf hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg prfsf`td`hg rfclfvfs ag` pf`hlf`tfs adsl pcd`ds f` cd rfjlñ` hfc Abdag. F`trf cds kg`tdôds, bdy vdccfs y qufordhds d`jgstds hg`hf sf ag`af`trd cd prghuaalñ` djrëagcd. Ilslgjräiladkf`tf, pfrtf`faf d cd Agrhlccfrd Grlf`tdc ag` u` fag rfjlñ` quf pfrtf`faf d cgs yu`jds ogclvld`gs pfrud`gs. Cd idmd hfc suo d`hl`g hg`hf sf f`auf`trd` cgs ogsqufs sfags l`tfrd`hl`gs, y cgs ogsqufs tuaukd`g ogclvld`gs, tlf`f u`d jrd` vdrldalñ` hf igrkdalg`fs vfjftdcfs hfolhg dc adkolg hf dctltuh quf prfsf`td cd rfjlñ`, y cd ccd`urd abdqufôd quf prfsf`td cd igrkdalñ` hfc Abdag sfrrd`g, hg`hf tfrkl`d` cgs ag`trdiufrtfs hfc suod`hl`g f l`lald cd ccd`urd hfc Abdag. Cds adrdatfrëstlads sgalgfag`ñklads y dhkl`lstrdtlvds quf pfrkltlfrg` vfr cd rfcdalñ` f`trf cgs af`trgs pgocdhgs, cd adpdalhdh hf l`irdfstruaturd (sdcuh, fhuadalñ`) y cgs sfrvlalgs oäslags l`stdcdhgs pdrd lkpcfkf`tdr af`trgs djrgl`hustrldcfs, iufrg` gotf`lhds d pdrtlr hf cd l`igrkdalñ` orl`hdhd pgr cd Dsgaldalñ` hf Ku`lalplgs hf Abuqulsdad (DKHFAB).

1.4.4^rgvl`alds Fc Hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad sf f`auf`trd ag`igrkdhg pgr 4> prgvl`alds. D cd vfz fstds sf hlvlhf` f` ku`lalplgs dutñ`gkgs.Adhd prgvl`ald tlf`f agkg dutgrlhdh käxlkd d su suojgofr`dhgr, fc audc fs hfslj`dhg pgr fc jgofr`dhgr   hfc hfc Hfpdrtdkf`tg. Cd prgvl`ald käs pgocdhd hfc Hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad fs cd ^rgvl`ald hf Grgpfzd ag` Grgpfzd ag` u`d  pgocdalñ` Ogftgag` 44.494 bdoltd`tfs.hf ?22.>1< bdoltd`tfs y cd kf`gs pgocdhd fs cd ^rgvl`ald Ofclsdrlg Ogftgag` Cds 4> prgvl`alds quf ccfjd` d ag`igrkdr fc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad sg` cds sljulf`tfs= 4. ?. 1. 8. 6. 9. :. 2.

^rgvl`ald hf Mud`d Dzurhuy. Dzurhuy. ^rgvl`ald hf Ofclsdrlg Ogftg. Ogftg. ^rgvl`ald hf Bfr`d`hg Qlcfs. Qlcfs. ^rgvl`ald hf Culs Adcvg. Adcvg. ^rgvl`ald hf @gr Al`tl. Al`tl. ^rgvl`ald hf Grgpfzd. Grgpfzd. ^rgvl`ald hf Quh Al`tl. Al`tl. ^rgvl`ald hf Xgkl`d. Xgkl`d.

Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d 2 hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl . ^rgvl`ald hf Mdlkf ]uhäôfz. ]uhäôfz.

1.4.?Ku`lalplgs Adhd u`d hf cds prgvl`alds hfc Hfpdrtdkf`tg sf f`auf`trd ag`igrkdhd pgr ku`lalplgs y cgs audcfs sg` cgs sljulf`tfs=  

^rgvl`ald hf Mud`d Dzurhuy. Dzurhuy.  

 

^rgvl`ald hf Ofclsdrlg Ogftg. Ogftg. 

 



 

  

Ku`lalplg hf Adkdrjg. Adkdrjg. Ku`lalplg hf Qd` Cuads. Cuads. L`adbudsl L`adbudsl. . . Ku`lalplg hf Ylccd Abdrads Abdrads.

^rgvl`ald hf Grgpfzd. Grgpfzd.   

 

Ku`lalplg hf Kuyupdkpd. Kuyupdkpd. Ku`lalplg hf Budadyd Ku`lalplg hf Kdabdrftë

^rgvl`ald hf @gr Al`tl. Al`tl. 

 

Ku`lalplg hf Kg`tfdjuhg. Kg`tfdjuhg. Ku`lalplg hf Budadrftd

^rgvl`ald hf Culs Adcvg. Adcvg. 

 

Ku`lalplg hf Ylccd Qfrrd`g. Qfrrd`g.

^rgvl`ald hf Bfr`d`hg Qlcfs. Qlcfs. 

 

Ku`lalplg hf Dzurhuy. Dzurhuy. Ku`lalplg hf Xdrvltd. Xdrvltd.

Ku`lalplg hf Quarf. Quarf. Ku`lalplg hf \gtdcd. \gtdcd. Ku`lalplg hf ^grgkd. ^grgkd.

^rgvl`ald hf Quh Al`tl. Al`tl.  

Ku`lalplg hf Ylccd Dofald. Dofald. Ku`lalplg hf Aucpl`d. Aucpl`d.

Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d < hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl   

Ku`lalplg hf Cds Adrrfrds. Adrrfrds.

^rgvl`ald hf Xgkl`d. Xgkl`d.     

 

^rgvl`ald hf \dkpdräfz. \dkpdräfz.  

 

Ku`lalplg hf ^dhlccd. ^dhlccd. Ku`lalplg hf Xgkl`d. Xgkl`d. Ku`lalplg hf Qgpdabuy. Qgpdabuy. Ku`lalplg hf Ylccd Dcadcä. Dcadcä. Ku`lalplg hf Fc Ylccdr .

Ku`lalplg hf Xdrdouag. Xdrdouag. Ku`lalplg hf \dkpdräfz

^rgvl`ald hf Mdlkf ]uhäôfz 

Ku`lalplg hf ]uhä`fz



Ku`lalplg hf ^rfstg Ku`lalplg hf Kgmgagyd . Kgmgagyd .  Ku`lalplg hf Lacd. Lacd. 1.4.1 Jfgcgjëd 

Fc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad tlf`f hlifrf`tfs prgvl`alds ilslgjräilads (Agrhlccfrd Grlf`tdc, Quod`hl`g y Ccd`urd Abdag Of`ld`d), slf`hg f` ag`sfauf`ald fsaf`drlg `dturdc hf hlvfrsgs fvf`tgs jfgcñjlags. Qf fstlkd d jrd`hfs rdsjgs quf fc hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl

1.4.8 Qufcgs F` fc Hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad sf lhf`tliladrg` ?< u`lhdhfs hf sufcg, cds klskds quf iufrg` hftfrkl`dhds d pdrtlr hf cds u`lhdhfs hf tfrrf`g, kfhld`tf fc d`äclsls, sfcfaalñ` y dslj`dalñ` hf Jrd`hfs Jrupgs hf sufcgs (IDG, 489 pfrilcfs hf sufcgs, hf cgs audcfs 4146 iufrg` gotf`lhgs hfc trdodmg hf adkpg rfdclzdhg pgr fc ^rgyfatg ]G@LQLJ5 cgs hfkäs agrrfspg`hf`, f` su kdygrëd, d cd fx Agrpgrdalñ` _fjlg`dc hf Hfsdrrgccg hf Abuqulsdad (AG_HFAB). ^drd su hfsarlpalñ` sf utlclzñ cd "Juëd hf Hfsarlpalñ` hf ^frilcfs hf Qufcgs" (IDG, 4> ks`k, cd tgpgjrdiëd f` cd kdygr pdrtf hfc ärfd fs daalhf`tdhd ag` fxafpalñ` hf dcju`gs ig`hgs hf vdccfs, hfprfslg`fs y  pcd`lalfs hf dcturd agkg cds pdkpds hf \dkpdräfz y Xdrdouag. Cd prfalpltdalñ` vdrëd hf ?>> d 4.4>> kk dc dôg, y cd tfkpfrdturd kfhld d`udc vdrëd ag` cd dctltuh hf 2 d 4:¾A. Cds ag`hlalg`fs tgpgjräilads hfc tfrrf`g y cd fsadsd prfalpltdalñ` f` pdrtfs hf cd Agrhlccfrd Grlf`tdc hlilauctd` kuabds igrkds hf usg djrgpfaudrlg. Hf dbë quf cd kdygr pdrtf hf cds tlfrrds tf`jd u` usg djrgpfaudrlg fxtf`slvg. @g gostd`tf, cd vdrldalñ` dctltuhl`dc y pgr f`hf aclkätlad pfrkltf fc auctlvg hf u`d jrd` vdrlfhdh hf prghuatgs (u`lhdhfs 1 y 6). Cgs käs lkpgrtd`tfs sg` cd pdpd (td`tg pdpd hucaf, Qgcd`uk tuofrgsuk,, agkg pdpd dkdrjd, Qgcd`uk d`hljf`uk y Qgcd`uk  pburfmd) y fc kdëz. ]G@LILADALÑ@ DJ_GFAGCÑJLAD \ QGALGFAG@ÑKLAD HFC Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d 44 hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl HF^D_XDKF@XG HF ABVTVLQDAD L@YF@XD_LGQ \ D@ÄCLQLQ XFKÄXLAG HF CGQ _FAV_QGQ @DXV_DCFQ _F@GYDOCFQ F`trf gtrgs auctlvgs hf lkpgrtd`ald fstä`= afodhd, trljg, gad, pdpdclzd, bdod y tdrwl. Dhfkäs, sf f`auf`trd` dcju`gs auctlvgs ag` kuy ouf`ds audclhdhfs `utrltlvds agkg= fc aulkf (Dkdrd`tbus aduhdtus), vdrlfhdhfs hf qul`ud (Abf`gpghluk qul`ud y Abf`gpghluk `uttdcldf) y edôdwd (Abf`gpghluk pdcclhladucf). Fstgs auctlvgs fstä` f` tgr`g d cgs auctlvgs hf pdpd y kdëz, f` igrkd hf auctlvgs dsgaldhgs. Fc hfstl`g hf cd kdygr pdrtf hf cd prghuaalñ` fs pdrd fc dutgag`sukg, du`quf fxafhf`tfs pufhf` sfr agkfraldclzdhgs. Fc jd`dhg prfhgkl`d`tf f` fstd zg`d fs fc gvl`g y adprl`g, y f` kf`gr  prgpgralñ` fc vdau`g y fqul`g, agkg ds`gs ds `gs y adodccgs utlclzdhgs agkg kfhlg hf trd`spgrtf (u`lhdhfs 8 y 6). Cgs vdau`gs sg` utlclzdhgs f` yu`tds agkg d`lkdcfs hf tlrg pdrd cd prìpdrdalñ` hf tlfrrds y f` cd slfkord. Hfolhg d cds pf`hlf`tfs prg`u`aldhds y cd idctd hf rfaursgs fag`ñklags jf`frdckf`tf `g sf utlclzd trdatgr. Fc pfsg vlvg hfc jd`dhg vdau`g vdrëd hf ?>> d ?6>ej., bdstd 6>>ej. pdrd cgs d`lkdcfs hf tlrg (oufyfs), ag` u` ë`hlaf hf prghuaalñ` y kuctlpcladalñ` odmg hfolhg d cd hfilalf`tf hlspg`lolclhdh hf igrrdmf f` ìpgad hf fstldmf y cd fcfvdhd kgrtdclhdh (sf fstlkd hf ?6% f` rfalì` `dalhgs) pgr adusd hf f`ifrkfhdhfs, pdräsltgs y hfprfhdhgrfs. F` kf`gr fsadcd sf gosfrvd datlvlhdh djrgpfaudrld hf tlpg l`tf`slvd,  prl`alpdckf`tf f` cgs ig`hgs hf vdccf agkg cd zg`d hf _ëg Ablag f` cd prgvl`ald Grgpfzd, hg`hf  prfhgkl`d fc auctlvg hf bgrtdclzds, aëtrlags, pdpdyd, adôd hf dzýadr y cd arld`zd hf jd`dhg vdau`g, sgorf tghg pdrd cd prghuaalñ` hf cfabf (u`lhdh ?). Cd djrlaucturd l`tf`slvd sf ag`af`trd f` cgs vdccfs hf Adkdrjg, Cds Adrrfrds y Qdtgyd f` cd prgvl`ald hf Qur Al`tl, ag` auctlvg hf bgrtdclzds, hurdz`frgs y vlh. ^gr gtrd pdrtf, hfolhg d cd fxlstf`ald hf djud pfrkd`f`tf y dc hfsdrrgccg hf l`irdfstruaturd hf rlfjg, dsë agkg utlclzdalñ` hf tfa`gcgjëd, l`sukgs y sfklccd kfmgrdhd, cds zg`ds hf Aucpl`d, L`adbudsl y Ylccd Abdrads bd` hfsdrrgccdhg u`d djrlaucturd l`tf`slvd ag` auctlvgs hf pdpd hucaf, afogccd y dmg (u`lhdh 4). Ogclvld auf`td ag` dprgxlkdhdkf`tf 4:.>>> bd. hf pcd`tdalg`fs igrfstdcfs (QLIG_/OGC, ?>>>). Fc ?9% sf f`auf`trd f` fc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad, fqulvdcf`tf d 8.8?> bd.. Hf fstf tgtdc, cds  pcd`tdalg`fs hf pl`g gaupd` u`lhdhfs

Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d 4: hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl igrkdalg`dcfs, hf daufrhg d su uoladalñ` jfgjräilad y ag`slhfrd`hg fspfsgrfs quf ccfjd` d cgs 4>.>>> kftrgs hf pgtf`ald.

1.: Qlstfkd slcýrl slcýrlag. ag. Fstf Qlstfkd fs u`g hf cgs käs adrdatfrlzdhgs pgr su sfauf`ald cltgcñjlad y sf lhf`tlilad kuy  olf` f` cd rfj rfjlñ` lñ` d`hl`d y f` kf`gr fxtf`slñ` f` cds sfrr sfrrd`ëds d`ëds Ablqultd`ds. Cds cgadclhdhfs quf bd` sfrvlhg agkg agkg kghfcg pdrd fc fstuhl fstuhlgg hf cds rgads slcýrlads slcýrlads sg`= Xdrdouag (Abuq (Abuqulsd ulsd„ ad), V`aëd, Adtdvl, Bud`u`l (^gtgsë), cd cgadclhdh hf ^gmg (Agabdodkod) y fc `fvdhg Abdadctdyd (Cd ^dz).

1.2 Qlstfkd hfvñ`l hfvñ`lag. ag. Cgs sfhlkf`tgs kdrl`gs hfc Hfvñ`lag dcad`zd` u` fspfsgr kfhlg hf 1>>> k f` cd agrhlccfrd Grlf`tdc hf ?>>> d 1>>> k f` cd zg`d suod`hl`d y hf afrad hf 4>>> k f` cds sfrrd`ëds ablqultd`ds. Fstä ag`stltulhg pgr fstrdtgs hf grljf` kdrl`g, ag` ouf` ag`tf`lhg hf iñslcfs l`vfrtfordhgs agkg trlcgoltfs, ag`ucdrlds, ordqulñpghgs, fta., quf rfpgsd` f` igrkd ag`agrhd`tf sgorf fc Qlcýrlag d`hl`g. Ql olf` su kdygr hfsdrrgccg sf f`auf`trd f` fc icd`ag fstf hf cd agrhlccfrd Grlf`tdc y fc suod`hl`g, tdkolì` fxlstf` rfkd`f`tfs f` fc icd`ag gfstf hf cd agrhlccfrd Grlf`tdc y f` kf`gr fxtf`slñ` f` cds sfrrd`ëds ablqultd`ds y fc dctlpcd`g. Cd cgadclhdh hf Lacd sf bd ag`vfrtlhg f` fc cujdr acäslag pdrd cd l`vfstljdalñ` hfc Hfvñ`lag, `g sgcg hf Ogclvld, sl`g hf Qur Dkìrlad.

1.< Qlstfkd adrog`ë adrog`ëifrg. ifrg. F` fc suod`hl`g sf f`auf`trd` cgs prl`alpdcfs dicgrdklf`tgs hf fstrdtgs pfrtf`falf`tfs d fstf slstfkd, slstfk d, y f` vdrlgs adkpgs sg` ouf`ds rgads rfsfrvgrlg rfsfrvgrlgss hf pftrñcfg. pftrñcfg. F` kf`gr fxtf`slñ` fxtf`slñ` y f` igrkd hlsa igrkd hlsag`t g`tl`u l`udd sf f`a f`auf`t uf`trd` rd` f` fc dct dctlpc lpcd`g d`g y cd agrhlcc agrhlccfrd frd Grlf`t Grlf`tdc. dc. Qu adrd adrdatf atfrëst rëstlad lad  prl`alpdc fs cd hf pfrtf`fafr d u`d "Idsf Quoag`tl`f`tdc", ag` prghuatgs hf grljf` jcdaldc y tdkolì` f` alfrtds cgadclhdhfs ag` rfstgs hf pcd`tds y adroñ`. Kuabds vfafs cd oloclgjrdiëd jfgcñjlad altd dc adrog`ëifrg agkg cd "Qfrlf Jg`hwd`d".

1.4>

Qlstf stfkd pì pìrrklag.

F` vdrlds pdrtfs hfc. Dctlpcd`g y hf cd agrhlccfrd Grlf`tdc, sf bd` hdtdhg rgads hf grljf` sfhlkf`tdrlg dý` quf `g sf bd ilmdhg u` cëkltf fxdatg ag` fc Qlstfkd Adrog`ëifrg. Cds rgads tlf`f tlf`f`` agk agkgg ad adrda rdatf tfrë rëstl stlad ad su agkpgs agkpgsla lalñ lñ`` ad adca caär ärfd fd,, ag ag`` u` ouf` ouf` ag ag`t `tf` f`lh lhgg hf iñslc iñslcfs fs

Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d 42 hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl l`vfrtfordhgs, l`vfrt fordhgs, ag`ghg`t ag`ghg`tfs fs y bdstd hlf`tfs hf pfafs. Cds adclz adclzds ds sg` utlclzdhds utlclzdhds f` cds iäorlads hf afkf`tg hf Cd ^dz y Agabdodkod.

1.44

Frd k kffsgzglad.

Cd Frd Kfsgzglad agkf`zñ bdaf ??6 klccg`fs hf dôgs y hurñ 46> klccg`fs. Jrd` pdrtf hfc tfrrltgrlg ogclvld`g sljuf auolfrtg pgr djuds. ^rfhgkl`d` f` cgs kdrfs cgs dkg`ltfs y f` cgs ag`tl`f`tfs cgs rfptlcfs, hfstdaä`hgsf cgs hl`gsdurlgs.

1.4?

Qlstf stfkd tr trlläsla slag.

Qf dslj`d` d fstf Qlstfkd rgads hf grljf` sfhlkf`tdrlg hf `dturdcfzd adcaärfd ag`galhds agkg igrkdalñ` Yltldaud quf dicgrd` f` fc suod`hë`g kfrlhlg`dc f` cgs hfpdrtdkf`tgs hf Xdrlmd y Abuqulsdad. Cds rgads ëj`fds pcutñ`lads hfc Budy`d ^gtgsë (hfpdrtdkf`tg Cd ^dz), tlf`f` hdtdalg`fs pfrtf`falf`tfs d fstf Qlstfkd.

1.41

Qlstf stfkd mmu uräsla slag.

F` tfrrltgrlg ogclvld`g tghdvëd `g iufrg` rfag`galhds ag` afrtfzd rgads muräslads, tdc vfz pgr idctd hf iñslcfs y hf l`vfstljdalg`fs.

1.48 1.48

Qlst Qlstfk fkdd arft arftäa äala lag. g.

Fstf slstfkd fstä pgag hliu`hlhg f` Ogclvld y sf f`auf`trd agkg rfkd`f`tf hf vdrlgs `ýacfgs sl`acl sl` acl`dc `dcfs fs ag` clt cltgcg gcgjëd jëdss slklcd slklcdrfs rfs f` cd agrh agrhlcc lccfrd frd Grlf`t Grlf`tdc, dc, dct dctlpc lpcd`g d`g,, suod`hl suod`hl`g, `g, fsa fsauhg uhg  ordslcfôg y sfrrd`ëds ablqultd`ds. Qu prl`alpdc adrdatfrëstlad fs cd agcgrdalñ` kdrrñ` rgmlzd hf drf`lsa drf `lsads ds l`tfrad l`tfradcdh cdhds ds ag` kdrjds y adc adclzd lzdss kuctla kuctlagcg gcg„ rfs, ag` alfrtg alfrtg ag`tf`lhg ag`tf`lhg hf iñs iñslcf lcfss l`vfrtfordhgs y rfstgs hf pfafs. Fstds rfifrf`alds hfkufstrd` su grljf` sfhlkf`tdrlg ag`tl`f`tdc hf hfpgs pgslt ltdh dhgg f` kd kdrfs rfs l` l`tf tfrl rlgrf grfss g fplag fplag`t `tl` l`f`t f`tdc dcfs fs f l` l`tf tfra radcd dcdhg hg ag` adclz adclzds ds pr prghu ghuat atgg hf trd`sjrfslg`fs kdrl`ds.  

Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d 4< hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl

1.46 Qlskgs y tfrrfkgtgs f` Abuqulsdad

F` cd kdygrëd hf cgs adsgs cd kdj`ltuh hf cgs tfrrfkgtgs iuf dslj`dhd pgr sfrvlalgs slskgcñjlags fxtrd`mfrgs (jf`frdckf`tf hf FF.VV.). ?. Qfjý` cgs ýctlkgs rfjlstrgs, cd kdygrëd hf cgs kgvlklf`tgs tfcýrlags quf sf prghumfrg` f` ¸ tfrrltgrlg ogclvld`g `g supfrd` cgs 8 jrdhgs hf kdj`ltuh f` cd fsadcd hf _labtfr (ag` u` prgkfhlg hf 1.6 jrdhgs)5 fstgs sg` tfkocgrfs ¸ quf `g sg` pfralolhds pgr cds pfrsg`ds. 1. Cgs ý`lags kgvlklf`tgs tfcýrlags hf jrd` kdj`ltuh rfjlstrdhgs f` Ogclvld quf pufhf` sfr ag`slhfrdhgs agkg vfrhdhfrgs tfrrfkgtgs sg`= (d) fc hf Ag`sdtd∟Kdplrl (4> ek, hfolhg d adkolgs hf idsf hf kl`frdcfs hf gclvl`g d fspl`fcd f` zg`ds rfcdtlvdkf`tf irëds y vlfmds hf cd zg`d hf suohuaa suoh uaalñ` lñ`,, pfr pfrgg pgr su jrd` prgiu`hl prgiu`hlhdh hdh `g gadslg` gadslg`drd` drd` hd`gs hd`gs f` cd supfril supfrilalf alf,, hg`hf hg`hf cd l`tf`slhdh sfrĴd rfcdtlvdkf`tf odmd. Ogclvld datudckf`tf sf f`auf`trd f` u` prgafsg hf adkolg, quf l`vgcuard cd pdrtlalpdalñ` hf sfatgrfs sgaldcfs d`tfrlgrkf`tf kdrjl`dhgs y cd ag`iljurdalñ` hf `ufvds rfcdalg`fs f`trf cd sgalf sga lfhd hdhh alvl alvlc, c, fc Fstd Fstdhg hg y cd fag`g fag`gkë këd, d, qu quff hf hfof of sf sfrr l` l`st stlt ltua ualg lg`dc `dclz lzdh dhgg f` u` u`dd `ufvd `ufvd Ag`st Ag `stlt ltua ualñ lñ`` ^gcë ^gcëtl tlad ad hf hfcc Fstd Fstdhg hg qu quff sfrä sfrä pu pufst fstdd d ag ag`sl `slhf hfrda rdalñ lñ`` hf cd pgocd pgocdal alñ` ñ` f` u` _fifrì`huk. _fifrì` huk. Fsgs adkol adkolgs gs fstä` drtlau drtlaucdhgs cdhgs f` tgr`g hf u` Fstdhg dkpcldhg dkpcldhg y ag` dutg`gkëds dutg`gkëds l`hëjf`d, rfjlg`dc y hfpdrtdkf`tdc. F` tìrkl`gs hf jfstlñ` juofr`dkf`tdc fsd hl`äklad fstä ag`af`trdhd f` cd rfhuaalñ` hf cd pgorfzd y cd fxacuslñ` sgaldc. F`trf cds kfhlhds f` datudc lkpcfkf`tdalñ` fstä` cgs slstfkds hf prgtfaalñ` sgaldc y pgcëtlads pýoclads agrrfatlvds hf cds l`fqulhdhfs y hf dtf`alñ` hf cds pgocdalg`fs käs vuc`frdocfs (`lôgs, kumfrfs, dhuctgs kdygrfs, l`hëjf`ds), idvgrfalhgs pgr fc prgafsg hf hfsaf`trdclzdalñ` y ku`lalpdclzdalñ`. F` rfspufstd d fstd sltudalñ` fc Fstdhg ogclvld`g dvd`zñ f` cd djf`hd hf cd jfstlñ` hfc rlfsjg kfhld`tf cd dpcladalñ` hf fstrdtfjlds hf l`tfrvf`alñ` y cd igrkucdalñ` hf l`strukf`tgs `grkdtlvgs, hf hfalslñ` pgcëtlad y tìa`lad. F` aud`tg d cd jfstlñ` hfc rlfsjg, cd fstrdtfjld jf`frdc hfc ^cd`  @dalg`dc hf Hfsdrrgccg (^@H)? ag`tfkpcd dqufccd agkg fmf trd`svfrsdc hfc hfsdrrgccg. F` fc Qlstfkd hf Hfif`sd Alvlc, fc ^@H lhf`tlilad cd prgocfkätlad hf hlspfrslñ` hf fsiufrzgs y Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d ?2 hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl rfaursgs quf –clkltd cd adpdalhdh hf rfspufstd d`tf sltudalg`fs dhvfrsds y hf rlfsjgs‛. Ql` fkodrjg, lhf`tlilad agkg pgtf`aldclhdhfs cd vgcu`tdh pgcëtlad hfc jgolfr`g pdrd rfstdocfafr y igrtdcfafr cds adpdalhdhfs l`stltualg`dcfs, cd vljf`ald hf u`lhdhfs gpfrdtlvds f` tghg fc tfrrltgrlg `dalg`dc pdrd prgtfjfr d cd pgocdalñ`, d cg quf sf sukd` l`stltualg`fs y fkprfsds fspfaldclzdhds (LJK, Agkd`hg hf L`jf`lfrëd, Xrd`spgrtfs Dìrfgs Klcltdrfs, Fkprfsd @dvlfrd Ogclvld`d y gtrds) quf dpgyd` f` prgjrdkds y prgyfatgs hf l`vfrslñ` sgaldc (^@H). F`trf cds fstrdtfjlds iu`hdkf`tdcfs fstä` cd pcd`liladalñ` y cd jfstlñ` dkolf`tdc y hf rlfsjgs, ag` fc gomftlvg hf jf`frdr kfhld`tf cd pcd`liladalñ` dkolf`tdc, fspdalgs hf aggrhl`dalñ` l`tfrl`stltualg`dc quf grlf`tf` cd jfstlñ` dkolf`tdc d pdrtlr hf cd ag`aurrf`ald hf cgs hlifrf`tfs sfatgrfs y suo`lvfcfs `dalg`dcfs, f` fc kdrag hfc hfsdrrgccg y cd ag`sfrvdalñ` hfc kfhlg dkolf`tf. F` fstf ag`tfxtg, cd hfsarlp hfsa rlpalñ alñ`` hf cd slt sltuda udalñ` lñ` hf Ogc Ogclvl lvld, d, pfrklt pfrkltff dafradr dafradrsf sf d cd adrdatf adrdatfrlzd rlzdalñ alñ`` hfc fspdalg fspdalg jfgjräilag y tfrrltgrldc hfc pdës y d cd vlsudclzdalñ` hf cds tf`hf`alds käs rfcfvd`tfs f` aud`tg d sus ag`hla ag`hlalg`fs lg`fs sgalg hfkgjrä hfkgjräilags, ilags, fag`ñklag fag`ñklagss y `grkdtlvg `grkdtlvg l`stltualg l`stltualg`dcfs, `dcfs, lhf`tlila lhf`tliladr dr su fstruaturd sgaldc y hftfrkl`dr sus ag`hlalg`fs käs rfcfvd`tfs f` hlabds vdrldocfs, cg quf d su vfz ag`stltuyf fc l`sukg pdrd cd lhf`tliladalñ` hf cd prgocfkätlad rfspfatg hf cds dkf`dzds, cds vuc`frdolclhdhfs y rlfsjgs hf Ogclvld. Ogclvld fstä sltudhd f` cd zg`d af`trdc hf Dkìrlad hfc Qur, f`trf cgs kfrlhld`gs 6:½ ?9¸ y 946 Qus fxtrfkgs prfsf`td` fsadkds grgjräilads cds quf adkold` hf agcgrfs, hf daufrhg d cd ìpgad hfc dôg. Fstd ag`igrkdalñ` fs td` l`tf l`tfrfsd`tf rfsd`tf quf fs cg prlkfrg quf sf pufhf dprfaldr dprfaldr hfshf cds Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d 1> hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl dcturds. F` fc af`trg hf cd agku`lhdh sf f`auf`trd fc afkf`tfrlg datudc quf iufrd utlclzdhg hfshf tlfkpgs prfblspä`lags. Xdkolì` sf pufhf vlsltdr cd –Jdrjd`td hfc hldocg‛ hfshf hg`hf sf pufhf dprfaldr u` adôñ` ag` adëhd hf djud. \ pdrd gosfrvdr fc pdlsdmf sl`jucdr hf fstd zg`d sf pufhf vlsltdr fc klrdhgr –Qd`td D`ltd‛. Fxlstf gifrtd hf bgspfhdm Fxlstf bgspfhdmff f` prfalg prfalgsgs sgs dcofrjufs dhkl`lstrdhg dhkl`lstrdhgss pgr cd agku`lhdh d cd quf sf cf  pufhf sgclaltdr cd fcdogrdalñ` hf dclkf`tg. Kdrd Kd rdju judd sf f` f`au auf` f`tr trdd uo uola ladh dhdd d 9> ek ek.. hf cd al aluh uhdh dh hf Qu Quar arf, f, f` fc hf hfpd pdrt rtdk dkf` f`tg tg hf Abuqulsdad, Ogclvld. Cd rfjlñ` 4> gatuorf hfc ?>46

1.4< Abuqulsdad fs u` f`grkf hfpñsltg hf rfstgs iñslcfs Fc Hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad fs u` ydalklf`tg f`grkf hf iñslcfs, iu`hdkf`tdckf`tf hfc  pfrlghg Arftäalag, y u`d kufstrd hf fccg fs quf adhd vfz käs pfrsg`ds sufcf` f`ag`trdr rfstgs drqufgcñjlags hf pfrlghgs prfblstñrlags, sfjý` dilrkñ fc fxpfrtg Kdrlg Fspë`hgcd. Ql olf` `g tghg cg quf orlccd fs grg, pufs fstgs bdccdzjgs `g slfkprf sg` tdcfs, fstd datltuh kufstrd u` rdsjg pgsltlvg y fs cd hftfrkl`dalñ` pdrd prfsfrvdrcgs, dhvlrtlñ Fspë`hgcd. Bdaf u` pdr hf sfkd`ds u` supufstg bufvg hf u` kdkëifrg hf cd prfblstgrld iuf f`ag`trdhg pgr  u` tgpñjrdig. Cd jfstlñ` hfc rlfsjg f` Ogclv Ogclvld ld fstä f`kdradhd f` u` slstfk slstfkdd hf cfyfs, hfarftgs hfarftgs y gtrds `grkds ag`fxds quf hfclkltd` cgs dcad`afs, cds iu`alg`fs y agkpftf`alds hf cds l`std`alds l`vgcuardhds f` cd tfkä tfkätl tlad ad,, hf hfshf shf cd vl vlsl slñ` ñ` pg pgcë cëtl tlad ad rf rfjuc jucdt dtgrl grld, d, cd hf hfil il`l `lal alñ` ñ` hf l` l`st struk rukf`t f`tgs gs y cg cgss  prgafhlklf`tgs dhkl`lstrdtlvgs f l`stltualg`dcfs. Cgs l`strukf`tgs `grkdtlvgs ag`stltuyf` fc rfifrf`tf f` cd hfil`lalñ` hf rfspg`sdolclhdhfs hf cds dutgrlhdhfs `dalg`dcfs y suo`dalg`dcfs, cd  pdrtlalpdalñ` hf cgs datgrfs sgaldcfs, cd daalñ` hf cgs grjd`lskgs tìa`lags y djf`alds hf dpgyg il`d`a il` d`alfr lfrg, g, dsë agk agkgg cgs kfad`l kfad`lskg skgss dhk dhkl`l l`lstr strdtl dtlvgs vgs rfc rfcdal dalg`dh g`dhgs gs ag` cd hfacdr hfacdrdtg dtgrld rld hf fkfrjf`ald, zg`ds hf hfsdstrf, fta. Cfy @g ?48> hf _fhuaalñ` hf _lfsjgs y Dtf`alñ` hf Hfsdstrfs y/g Fkfrjf`alds (?6 hf gatuorf ?>>>) _fjucd cds datlvlhdhfs f` cd rfhuaalñ` hf rlfsjgs y dtf`alñ` hf hfsdstrfs g fkfrjf`alds y fstdocfaf u` kdrag l`stltualg`dc quf pfrkltd rfhualr cgs rlfsjgs hf cds fstruaturds sgaldcfs y fag`ñklads, dtf`hfr gpgrtu`d y fifatlvdkf`tf cgs fvf`tg fvf `tgss adu adusdhg sdhgss pgr dkf dkf`dz `dzds ds `dturd `dturdcfs cfs,, tfa`gc tfa`gcñjl ñjlads ads y d`trñpl d`trñplads ads.. Fstdoc Fstdocfaf faf quf f` fc Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d 14 hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl ku`lalplg fc Dcadchf fs cd käxlkd dutgrlhdh fmfautlvd f` _fhuaalñ` hf _lfsjgs y Dtf`alñ` hf Hfsdstrfs y/g Fkfrjf`alds, hfolf`hg dslj`dr d u`d ärfd iu`alg`dc hfc Jgolfr`g Ku`lalpdc cd rfspg`sdolclhdh hf dsuklr cds datlvlhdhfs fkfrjf`tfs. Fc Jgolfr`g Ku`lalpdc, dc fmfautdr cds datlvlhdhfs rfifrlhds, hfofrä aggrhl`dr ag` cd rfprfsf`tdalñ` hfc QF@DHFAL, cds daalg`fs f` kdtfrld hf Dtf`alñ` hf Hfsdstrfs y/g Fkfrjf`alds. Cfy @g ?116 Kghliladtgrld d cd Cfy @g ?48> hf _fhuaalñ` hf _lfsjgs y Dtf`alñ` hf Hfsdstrfs y/g Fkfrjf`alds (6 hf kdrzg ?>>?) Arfd fc Ig`hg hf Ilhflagklsg pdrd cd _fhuaalñ` hf _lfsjgs y Dtf`alñ` hf Hfsdstrfs-IG_DHF, pdrd daafhfr d ag`trloualg`fs y dpgrtfs il`d`alfrgs hf jgolfr`gs fxtrd`mfrgs y f`tlhdhfs hf adräatfr   pýoclag g prlvdhg `dalg`dcfs y fxtrd`mfrds, hlrljlhgs d il`d`aldr pcd`fs, prgjrdkds, prgyfatgs f l`vfstljdalñ` alf`tëilad y datlvlhdhfs fkfrjf`tfs hf cd hfacdrdtgrld hf hfsdstrfs g fkfrjf`alds f` fc `lvfc `dalg`dc, hfpdrtdkf`tdc y ku`lalpdc y gtrgs rfaursgs dhlalg`dcfs jfstlg`dhgs pgr fc Jgolfr`g. Jgolfr `g. Hftfrkl`d cds iu`alg`fs y dtrloualg`fs dtrloualg`fs hf cgs Kl`lstf Kl`lstfrlgs rlgs hf Hfsdrrgccg Hfsdrrgccg Qgstf`locf y ^cd`liladalñ` y hf Hfif`sd @dalg`dc, dkpcëd cd agkpgslalñ` hfc AG@D_DHF y trdscdhd cd tulalñ` hf cd fx VXGDI hfc Kl`lstfrlg hf Hfif`sd @dalg`dc, dc Kl`lstfrlg hf Hfsdrrgccg Qgstf`locf y ^cd`liladalñ`, kghlilad`hg su hf`gkl`dalñ` (QF@D_). Fstdocfaf quf sf hfof ilmdr   pgr pdrtf hfc Fstdhg bdstd fc >.46 % hfc ^rfsupufstg Jf`frdc hf cd @dalñ` pdrd jfstlñ` hfc rlfsjg. Hfarftg Quprfkg @g ?9:1< _fjcdkf`tg Jf`frdc hf _fhuaalñ` hf _lfsjgs y Dtf`alñ` hf Hfsdstrfs y/g Fkfrjf`alds (8 hf djgstg hf ?>>?) @grkd cd grjd`lzdalñ`, rfspg`sdolclhdhfs y iu`alg`dklf`tg hfc Qlstfkd @dalg`dc pdrd cd _fhuaalñ` hf _lfsjgs y Dtf`alñ` hf Hfsdstrfs y/g Fkfrjf`alds (QLQ_DHF)5 fstdocfaf cds iu`alg`fs y dtrloualg`fs hf cgs Kl`lstfrlgs hf Hfsdrrgccg Qgstf`locf y ^cd`liladalñ` (KHQ^), Kl`lstfrlg hf Hfif`sd @dalg`dc (KH@) y f`tlhdhfs pýoclads f` fc äkoltg `dalg`dc, hfpdrtdkf`tdc y ku`lalpdc5 Hgaukf`tg ^dës Ogclvld ?>>2 49 hftfrkl`d cgs prgafsgs y prgafhlklf`tgs d trdvìs hf cgs audcfs sf l`acuyf cd rfhuaalñ` hf rlfsjgs f` fc  prgafsg hf pcd`liladalñ` y gr grhf`dklf`tg hf`dklf`tg tfrr tfrrltgrldc, ltgrldc, y cd dtf`alñ` hf hfsdstrfs g fkfrjf`alds f` fc prga prgafsg fsg hf pcd pcd`li `lilad ladalñ alñ`5 `5 fstdoc fstdocfaf faf cds goc gocljd ljdalg alg`fs `fs y kfad`l kfad`lskg skgss pdrd lk lkpcf pcfkf` kf`tdr tdr fc Qlstfkd @dalg`dc L`tfjrdhg hf L`igrkdalñ` pdrd cd Jfstlñ` hfc _lfsjg (QL@DJF_)5 `grkd fc iu`alg`dklf`tg hfc Ig`hg hf Ilhflagklsg pdrd cd _fhuaalñ` hf _lfsjgs y Dtf`alñ` hf Hfsdstrfs (IG_DHF). Cfy @g 4664 hf ^drtlalpdalñ` ^gpucdr (?> hf dorlc hf 4 Bdccdzjgs hfof` sfr rfpgrtdhgs d fspfaldclstds ^drd sdofr sl sf trdtd hf u` iñslc, suordyñ Gkdr Kfhl Kfhl`d, `d, fs `fafsdrlg `fafsdrlg tf`fr ag`galklf`tgs ag`galklf`tgs sgorf jfgcgjëd y u` f`trf`dklf`tg vlsudc d`dclzd`hg bdccdzjgs jf`ul`gs, pfrg sgorf tghg hdrcgs d ag`gafr d af`trgs fspfaldclzdhgs, yd quf sf trdtd hf u` pdtrlkg`lg `dalg`dc y quf `g tlf`f` `l`jý` vdcgr kg`ftdrlg, rfjucdhg pgr fc Hfarftg >9?14. ^fsf d cd `grkdtlvd quf hdtd hf 4.>>> plfzds hf cgs d`lkdcfs hfc pcflstgaf`g f`ag`trdhds f` Xdrlmd iufrg` trdscdhddgs d kusfgs hf Abladjg y Ird`ald, buog adsgs f` Cd ^dz y ^gtgsë. F` Abuqul Abuqulsdad sdad iufrg` fxtrdëhgs l`vfrtfordhgs l`vfrtfordhgs hf Lacd y cg pdrdhñmlag pdrdhñmlag hlmg fs quf `g sf auf`td ag` u` kusfg `l rfpgsltgrlg. F`trf fc 4? y 46 hf gatuorf, f` vdrlgs pdësfs hfc ku`hg sf afcforñ fc Hëd l`tfr`dalg`dc hfc Iñslc "L`tfr`dtlg`dc Igsslc Hdy‛ hg`hf fspfaldclstds sf rfý`f` pdrd rfdclzdr hlifrf`tfs datlvlhdhfs. Fc pdcfg`t pdcfg`tñcg ñcgjg jg cdk cdkf`t f`tññ quf f` Quar Quarff `g sf prgk prgkufv ufvdd `l`ju`d `l`ju`d datlv datlvlhd lhdhh hfshf hfshf `l`ju` `l`ju`dd l`std`ald prlvdhd g pýoclad, supg`f quf pgr pgag l`tfrìs g idctd hf agku`ladalñ` f`trf cgs datgrfs f` fc tfkd, y rfsdctñ quf cd datlvlhdh pdcfg`tgcñjlad sf –fstd`añ‛ yd quf `g bdy `ufvgs hfsauorlklf`tgs. Agrrfg sur hfc sur. ?? gatuorf ?>4:

1.?4 Idccds F` jfgcgjëd, u`d idccd fs u`d irdaturd g zg`d hf irdaturds d cg cdrjg hf cd audc bd gaurrlhg u` hf hfspc spcdz dzdk dklf lf`t `tgg rfc rfcdt dtlv lvgg hf cg cgss oc ocgq gqufs ufs pd pdrdc rdcfc fcgs gs d cd ir irdat daturd urd (Odtf (Odtfss y Md Mdae aesg` sg`,, 4< 4) 2>).. Fsf`aldckf`tf, u`d idccd fs u`d hlsag`tl`ulhdh quf sf igrkd hfolhg d cd irdaturd hf jrd`hfs

Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d 18 hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl  ocgqufs hf rgads f` cd Xlfrrd aud`hg cds iufrzds tfatñ`lads supfrd` cd rfslstf`ald hf cds rgads. Fc kgvlklf`tg kgvlk lf`tg adusd`tf hf fsd hlscgadalñ hlscgadalñ`` pufhf tf`fr hlvfrsds hlrfaalg`fs= hlrfaalg`fs= vfrtladc, vfrtladc, bgrlzg`tdc bgrlzg`tdc g u`d agkol`dalñ` hf dkods. Fc hfspcdzdklf`tg hf cds kdsds kg`tdôgsds quf sf bd` fcfvdhg agkg ag`sfauf`ald hfc kgvlklf`tg prgvgadhg pgr idccds, pufhf sfr hf klcfs hf kftrgs agkg rfsuctdhg hf cgs prgafsgs hfvf`lhgs hurd`tf cdrjgs pfrëghgs hf tlfkpg. Cd zg`d hf rupturd tlf`f u`d u`d sup supfr fril ilal alff jf jf`f `frdc rdckf kf`t `tff ol olf` f` hf hfil il`l `lhd hd hf hf`gk `gkl` l`dh dhdd pc pcd` d`gg hf id idcc ccdd y su igrkd igrkdal alñ` ñ` vd dagkpdôdhd hf u` hfsclzdklf`tg td`jf`aldc hf cds rgads rfspfatg d fsf pcd`g. Aud`hg cd datlvlhdh f` u`d idccd fs rfpf`tl`d y orusad, sf pufhf prghualr u` jrd` tfrrfkgtg, prgvgad`hg l`acusg u`d rupturd f` cd supfrilalf tfrrfstrf. Cg quf jf`frd y sf fvlhf`ald f` cd supfrilalf hfc tfrrf`g fs u`d igrkd tgpgjräilad ccdkdhd fsadrpd hf idccd. Fstgs vfstljlgs hf cd idccd f` cd supfrilalf tlf`hf` d hfsdpdrfafr pgr cd daalñ` hf cd frgslñ`, prgvgadhgs pgr cd ccuvld y fc vlf`tg, y pgr cd prfsf`ald hf vfjftd vfjftdalñ` alñ` g datlvlhdh datlvlhdh bukd`d. Idccds datlvds f l`datlvds l`datlvds Qf ag`slhfrd ag`slhfrd quf u`d idccd fs datlvd yd sfd aud`hg bd tf`lhg kgvlklf`tgs blstñrlags, pgr fmfkpcg f` cgs ýctlkgs 4>.>>> dôgs, g olf` f` su pdsdhg jfgcñjl jfgcñjlag ag rfalf`tf, ag`slhfrd ag`slhfrd`hg `hg cgs ýctlkgs 6>>.>>> dôgs. Ql  olf` cds idccds qu quff su suirf` irf` hfspcdzdklf`tgs aud`hg suafhf u` tfrrfkgtg sg` s g` datlvds, `g tghds cds idccds datlvds jf`frd` tfrrfkgtgs, dcju`ds sg` adpdafs hf kgvfrsf dsëskladkf`tf, fs hfalr sl` quf fstì dsgaldhd d `l`ju`d datlvlhdh sësklad (DCL, Eflltl, CFF, Zlccldk B. E.). D pfsdr hf quf `g bdy `l`ju`d hfil`lalñ` hf idccd datlvd quf bdyd slhg u`lvfrsdckf`tf dafptdhd, sf pufhf jf`frdclzdr quf= Cd datlvlhdh hf u`d idccd fstdrëd hfil`lhd, f` cë`fds jf`frdcfs, pgr cd igrkd f` quf sf daukucd fc hfspcdzdklf`tg f` fc tlfkpg jfgcñjlag. V`d idccd datlvd sfrëd u`d idccd quf daukucñ dcjý` hfspcdzdklf`tg f` u` pdsdhg rfalf`tf. Ql olf` `g bdy u`d rfjcd ilmd sgorf quì fsadcd hf tlfkpg jfgcñjlag sf hfof ag`slhfrdr cd datlvlhdh hf u`d idccd, f` pdrtlaucdr, fc ZQQ^A (Zfs (Z fstf tfr` r` Qt Qtdt dtfs fs Qf Qfls lskl klaa ^gcl ^gclay ay Ag Agu` u`al alc) c) L@ L@QX QXLXV LXVXG XG @D @DAL ALG@ G@DC DC HF ^_ ^_FY FYF@ F@ALÑ ALÑ@ @ QËQKLAD ‑L@^_FQ? ag`sgralg hf alf`tëilags fstdtdcfs y prlvdhgs hfc gfstf hf FFVV, hfil`f trfs acdsfs hf idccds datlvds= 4. Idccd datlvd hfc Bgcgaf`g= u`d idccd quf sf bd kgvlhg f` cgs ýctlkgs 4>.>>> dôgs. ?. Idccd datlvd hfc Audtfr`drlg tdrhëg= u`d idccd quf sf bd kgvlhg f` cgs ýctlkgs 41>.>>> dôgs. 1. Idccd datlvd hfc Audtfr`drlg= u`d idccd quf sf bd kgvlhg f` cgs ýctlkgs 4.9>>.>>> dôgs. Fc hfsclzdklf`tg pufhf sfr rfpf`tl`g f` igrkd hf sdctgs cg quf hd cujdr d sl slsk skgs gs,, sfju sfjulh lhgg hf pf pfrl rlgh ghgs gs hf l` l`da datl tlvl vlhd hdh. h. Cgs Cgs sl slsk skgs gs käs käs jr jrd` d`hf hfss bd bd`` gr grlj ljl` l`dh dhgg hfspcdzdklf`tgs vfrtladcfs hfc tfrrf`g, quf sf fvlhf`ald` f` supfrilalf, hfc grhf` hf cgs 2 d 4? Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d 16 hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl k. Fc hfsclzdklf`tg tdkolì` pufhf hdrsf hf kd`frd cf`td y ag`tl`ud, sgcg pfrafptlocf hfspuìs hf vdrlgs dôgs hf kfhlalg`fs, rfdclzdhds ag` l`strukf`tgs tdcfs agkg cgs J^Q. Fstf tlpg hf idccds sg` hfc tlpg dsësklads g rfptd`tfs, klf`trds quf cds hf clofrdalñ` rfpf`tl`d hf f`frjëd sf adrdatfrlzd` agkg idccds sësklads. Acdsliladalñ` hf idccds hf daufrhg d su kgvlklf`tg Ql olf` bdy vdrlgs tlpgs hf idccds, sf pufhf hfalr quf fxlstf` trfs tlpgs hf idccds prl`alpdcfs, sfjý` sfd cd hlrfaalñ` hfc hfspcdzdklf`tg hf cds rgads quf agrtd`= Idccd `grkdc= Fstf tlpg hf idccds sf jf`frd` pgr tf`slñ` bgrlzg`tdc. Cds iufrzds l`hualhds l`hual hds f` cd rgad sg` pfrpf`hlauc pfrpf`hlaucdrfs drfs dc dalkut dalkut hf cd idccd (cë`fd hf rupturd supfril supfrilaldc), aldc), y fc kgvlklf`tg kgvlk lf`tg fs prfhgk prfhgkl`d`tf l`d`tfkf`tf kf`tf vfrtladc rfspfatg dc pcd`g hf idccd, idccd, fc audc tëpladkf`t tëpladkf`tff tlf`f u` ä`jucg hf 9> jrdhgs rfspfatg d cd bgrlzg`tdc. Fc ocgquf quf sf f`auf`trd pgr f`alkd hfc pcd`g hf cd idccd sf hf`gkl`d tfabg, y sf hfsclzd hfsclzd bdald dodmg5 klf`trds quf fc ocgquf quf sf f`auf`trd  pgr hfodmg hfc pcd`g hf cd idccd sf hf`gkl`d plsg, y dsalf`hf. ds alf`hf.

1.?4.4 Adodcjdklf`tg V` adodcjdklf`tg g idccd hf adodcjdklf`tg fs u` tlpg hf idccd l`vfrsd, idccd l`vfrsd, g sfd u`d rgturd f` cd agrtfzdd hf cd Xlfrrd d trdvìs hf cd audc sf bd prghualhg agrtfz prghualhg u` hfspcdzdklf` hfspcdzdklf`tg tg rfcdtlvg, rfcdtlvg, f` fc quf cds rgads hf pgslalñ` fstrdtljräilad fstrdtljräilad l`ifrlgr  l`ifrlgr sg` fkpumdhds bdald drrlod, pgr f`alkd hf cgs fstrdtgs käs rfalf`tfs. Cds idccds hf adodcjdklf`tg sg` fc rfsuctdhg hf iufrzds hf iufrzds hf agkprfslñ`.

1.?? Adodcjdklf`tg D`hl`g prl`alpdc. Agkprf`hf Agkprf `hf hfshf fc prgjrfslvg ek >, zg`d hf Adkpg Jrd`h Jrd`hff d u`gs 2 ek dc @grtf hf \daulod bdstd fc sfatgr hfc rëg Abgrrltgs dc @F hf cd pgocdalñ` hf Abdrdjud agl`alhlf`hg ag` cds prlkfrds sfrrd`ëds pfhfkg`td`ds. Fc agrhñ` käs grlf`tdc hf fstf slstfkd, d cd cdtltuh hf cd ärfd fstuhldhd, fs cd Qlfrrd hf Djudrdjóf quf sf fxtlf`hf hfshf cd irg`tfrd ag` cd Drjf`tl`d bdstd fc rëg ^drdpftë,  prgcg`jä`hgsf käs dc @grtf agkg Qfrrd`ëd hf Abdrdjud y Qfrrd`ëd hf Adlplpf`hl bdstd fc rëg Jrd`hf. F` cd zg`d hf fstuhlg sf hfstdad prl`alpdckf`tf fc dcl`fdklf`tg hf cd sfrrd`ëd hf Djudrdjóf, ag` fcfvdalg`fs quf `g sgorfpdsd` cgs 4.9>> ks`k y bdald fc Fstf cgs icd`ags gaalhf`tdcfs hf cd ccd`urd abdqufôd. Hf daufrhg dc ogcftë` hf cd Kfkgrld hfc Kdpd Jfgcñjlag hf Ogclvld (QF_JFGKL@) fstd rfjlñ`, fstä ag`stltulhd pgr u` slstfkd hf sfrrd`ëds fstrfabds quf sf fxtlf`hf` fxtlf `hf` ogrhfd`hg fc fxtrfkg fxtrfkg Fstf hf cd agrhlccf agrhlccfrd rd Grlf`t Grlf`tdc dc hf cgs D`hfs. Agkprf`hf hf u`d

Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d 19 hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl Adp. 1 ‑ Jfgcgjëd - ?/6 idmd pcfjdhd quf sfpdrd fc Ocgquf D`hl`g Grlf`tdc pgr fc Gfstf hf cds ccd`urds Abdag ‑ of`ld`ds quf sf f`auf`trd` dc Fstf. Fstds slfrrds fstä` dcl`fdhds sfjý` fstrfabds fstruaturds d`tlacl`dcfs dctfr`ä`hgsf ag` sl`acl`dcfs käs fxtf`sgs. F` fc fxtrfkg Fstf, cds slfrrds Quod`hl`ds fstä` sfpdrdhds hf cd ccd`urd Abdag ‑ of`ld`d pgr cds sfrrd`ëds hf –^lf hf Kg`tf‛, quf sg` rfclfvfs sudvfs y g`hucdhgs pdrdcfcgs d cds klskds sfrrd`ëds Quod`hl`ds  prgpldkf`tf. ^gr cd pdrtf Gfstf fstds slfrrds fstä` sfpdrdhds hf cd Agrhlccfrd Grlf`tdc pgr fc hf`gkl hf` gkl`dhg `dhg –Ad –Adodc odcjdk jdklf` lf`tg tg D`hl`g D`hl`g ^rl`al ^rl`alpdc pdc‛, ‛, quf fs u`d idc idccd cd rfjlg`dc rfjlg`dc cg`jlt cg`jltuhl uhl`dc `dc hf agrrlklf`tg. Fc rukog prl`alpdc hf cds fstruaturds fs @grtf ‑ Qur, `gtä`hgsf u`d cfvf hfsvldalñ` bdald fc Gfstf f` cd pdrtf @grtf hfc prgyfatg y u`gs 4> ½ bdald fc Fstf hfshf fc sfatgr hf cd cgadclhdh hf Ogyulof bdstd cd zg`d hf \daulod pgr fc Qur. Agkprf`hf Agkprf `hf hfshf cd prgjrfslvd ek >, zg`d hf Adkpg Jrd`hf d u`gs 2 ek dc @grtf hf \daulod bdstd fc sfatgr hfc rëg Abgrrltgs dc @F hf cd pgocdalñ` hf Abdrdjud agl`alhlf`hg ag` cds prlkfrds sfrrd`ëds pfhfkg`td`ds. Fc agrhñ` käs grlf`tdc hf fstf slstfkd, d cd cdtltuh hfc ärfd fstuhldhd, fs cd Qlfrrd hf Djudrdjóf quf sf fxtlf`hf hfshf cd irg`tfrd ag` cd Drjf`tl`d bdstd fc rëg ^drdpftë,  prgcg`jä`hgsf käs dc @grtf agkg Qfrrd`ëd hf Abdrdjud y Qfrrd`ëd hf Adlplpf`hl bdstd fc rëg Jrd`hf. F` cd zg`d hf fstuhlg sf hfstdad prl`alpdckf`tf fc dcl`fdklf`tg hf cd sfrrd`ëd hf Djudrdjóf, ag` fcfvdalg`fs quf `g sgorfpdsd` cgs 4.9>> ks`k y bdald fc Fstf cgs icd`ags gaalhf`tdcfs hf cd ccd`urd abdqufôd. Hf daufrhg dc ogcftë` hf cd Kfkgrld hfc Kdpd Jfgcñjlag hf Ogclvld (QF_JFGKL@) fstd rfjlñ`, fstä ag`stltulhd pgr u` slstfkd hf sfrrd`ëds fstrfabds quf sf fxtlf`hf` fxtlf `hf` ogrhfd`hg fc fxtrfkg fxtrfkg Fstf hf cd agrhlccf agrhlccfrd rd Grlf`t Grlf`tdc dc hf cgs D`hfs. Agkprf`hf hf u`d Adp. 1 ‑ Jfgcgjëd - ?/6 idmd pcfjdhd quf sfpdrd fc Ocgquf D`hl`g Grlf`tdc pgr fc Gfstf hf cds ccd`urds Abdag ‑ of`ld`ds quf sf f`auf`trd` dc Fstf. Fstds slfrrds fstä` dcl`fdhds sfjý` fstrfabds fstruaturds d`tlacl`dcfs dctfr`ä`hgsf ag` sl`acl`dcfs käs fxtf`sgs. F` fc fxtrfkg Fstf, cds slfrrds Quod`hl`ds fstä` sfpdrdhds hf cd ccd`urd Abdag ‑ of`ld`d pgr cds sfrrd`ëds hf –^lf hf Kg`tf‛, quf sg` rfclfvfs sudvfs y g`hucdhgs pdrdcfcgs d cds klskds sfrrd`ëds Quod`hl`ds  prgpldkf`tf. ^gr cd pdrtf Gfstf fstds slfrrds fstä` sfpdrdhds hf cd Agrhlccfrd Grlf`tdc pgr fc hf`gkl hf` gkl`dhg `dhg –Ad –Adodc odcjdk jdklf` lf`tg tg D`hl`g D`hl`g ^rl`al ^rl`alpdc pdc‛, ‛, quf fs u`d idc idccd cd rfjlg`dc rfjlg`dc cg`jlt cg`jltuhl uhl`dc `dc hf agrrlklf`tg. Fc rukog prl`alpdc hf cds fstruaturds fs @grtf ‑ Qur, `gtä`hgsf u`d cfvf hfsvldalñ`

Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d 1: hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl bdald fc Gfstf f` cd pdrtf @grtf hfc prgyfatg y u`gs 4> ½ bdald fc Fstf hfshf fc sfatgr hf cd cgadclhdh hf Ogyulof bdstd cd zg`d hf \daulod pgr fc Qur. F` fc sfatgr @grtf (f`trf _ëg Jrd`hf y cd zg`d hfc rëg Abgrrltgs) dicgrd` prl`alpdckf`tf sfhlkf`tgs `g ag`sgclhdhgs Audtfr`drlgs hf grljf` icuvldc, ag` u` fspfsgr hf 46>> d ?>>> k, agkpuf agk pufstg stgss oäs oäslad ladkf` kf`tf tf pgr u`ds u`ds dct dctfr`d fr`d`al `alds ds f`trf f`trf drf`ds, drf`ds, dralcc dralccds, ds, clkgs clkgs y jrdvds jrdvds ag` vdrldalg`fs cgadcfs f` aud`tg d agkpgslalñ` y fstruaturd. Du`quf fc ag`tdatg hfc Audtfr`drlg ag` cgs sfhlkf`tgs Xfraldrlgs fs alfrtdkf`tf hliëalc hf hlifrf`aldr, fstgs ýctlkgs prfsf`td` u`d rfcdtlvd kdygr agkpdatdalñ` y f` dcju`gs adsgs fstä` afkf`tdhgs pgr kdtfrldc adcaärfg. ^gr  fmfkpcg cd Igrkdalñ` ^ftdad hfc ^dcfñjf`g quf pfrtf`faf dc Jrupg Abdag fstä agkpufstd  prl`alpdckf`tf pgr u`d drf`lsad adcaärfd y ag`jcgkfrdhg. F` adkolg cds rgads käs mñvf`fs fs fstä tä`` ag`ig ag`igrk rkdh dhds ds pg pgrr drf`l drf`lsad sads, s, cu cutl tltd tds, s, ag ag`jc `jcgk gkfr frdh dhgs gs y kdrjd kdrjdss y ag agrrf rrfspg spg`h `hf` f` d cd cdss Igrkdalg`fs \faud, Xdrlquld y Jud`hdady. Dkogs hfpñsltgs Audtfr`drlgs y Xfraldrlgs sg` idatlocfs pdrd fc dprgvfabdklf`tg hf djuds suotfrrä`fds, pgr cg quf cd kdygrëd hf cgs pgzgs dauëifrgs hf cd zg`d dprgvfabd` fstds Igrkdalg`fs. Cds rgads hfc Arftäalag dicgrd` f` cd zg`d gaalhf`tdc f` fc fxtrfkg Qur hfc ärfd cds Igrkdalg`fs Admg`fs, \d`tdtd f Labgd, cds klskds quf igrk igrkd` d` u` ag` ag`mu mu`t `tgg hf d`t d`tla lacl cl`dc `dcfs fs y sl sl`a `acl cl`d `dcf cfss d` d`jgs jgstg tgs, s, au auyd yd agk agkpg pgsl slal alñ` ñ` cl cltg tgcñ cñjl jlad ad  prfhgkl`d`tf fstä agkpufstd pgr drf`lsads y drf`lsads adcaärfds l`tfradcdhds ag` cutltds bdald fc tgpf. Cd fvgcualñ` tfatñ`lad hfc sur hf Ogclvld sf adrdatfrlzd hfshf fc ^dcfgzglag Qupfrlgr bdstd cd  odsf hfc Kfsgzglag, pgr u`d suoslhf`ald adsl ag`tl`ud, l`tfrrukplhd pgr kgvlklf`tgs fplrgjì`lags quf jf`frdrg` hlsag`tl`ulhdhfs rfcdalg`dhds ag` cds idsfs tfatñ`lads tfraldrlds fs fspf pfal aldc dckf kf`t `tff hfc hfc Kl Klga gaf` f`gg y ^c ^clg lgaf af`g `g.. Fstd Fstdss gr grgj gjf` f`ld ldss ga gads dslg lg`d `drg rg`` f` f`tr trff gt gtrg rgss fc Adodcjdklf`tg Irg`tdc ^rl`alpdc hd`hg pgr rfsuctdhg, hf fstd fvgcualñ` tfatñ`lad cd hlstrloualñ` hf idmds hfcjdhds y pcfjdhds agkg cds slfrrds hf Adlplpf`hl, Abdrdjud y Djudrdjóf. Hfshf cd zg`d hfc rëg Abgrrltgs d u`gs 4:> ek dc Qur hf _ëg Jrd`hf, sf prfsf`td` u`d sfrlf hf d`tlacl`dcfs y sl`acl`dcfs ag`stltulhgs pgr rgads hf hlifrf`tfs slstfkds ag` u` rukog @grtf ‑ Qur, cljfrdkf`tf fcg`jdhg dc Fstf. Cds hfigrkdalg`fs quf sf rfjlstrd` f` cds rgads, sf hfof` d hlifrf`tfs pfrlghgs hf fsiufrzgs tfatñ`lags prl`alpdckf`tf hf hlrfaalñ` F ‑ Z quf kghfcdrg` cd zg`d. ^gr hg`hf

Dslj`dturd= Jfgcgjëd Fstruaturdc Adrrfrd= L`jf`lfrëd f` jds y pftrñcfg

^äjl`d 12 hf 66

 

Xëtucg= Hfsarlolr cd Jfgcgjld hfc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Abuqulsdad Dutgr/fs= Qfrjlg Tulsofrt, Gswdchg Ag`hgrl, clzftb Ablrl dtrdvfsdrä fc prgyfatg fxlstf` idccds cg`jltuhl`dcfs hf rukog @grtf-Qur, ìstds sf uolad` f` cds zg`ds hf Abdrdjud y Ôd`adrgl`zd, cds klskds hf bdccd` agrtdhds pgr idccds trd`svfrsdcfs hf adräatfr käs cgadc. Hf daufrhg d fstuhlgs rfdclzdhgs pgr \^IO d cd dcturd hf cd cgadclhdh hf Icgrlhd quf sf uolad dc Fstf hfc prgyfatg u` agrtf fstruaturdc Fstf-Gfstf, kufstrd u`d sfrlf hf fstruaturds jfgcñjlads td`tg f` supfrilalf agkg f` fc suosufcg, quf kd`lilfstd fc jrdhg hf hfigrkdalñ` quf tuvlfrg` cds rgads hurd`tf cgs prgafsgs jfgcñjlags hf igrkdalñ` hf cd adhf`d kg`tdôgsd hfc Quod`hl`g. ^drd fstf fstuhlg sñcg sf ag`slhfrd` dqufccds quf rfvlstf` lkpgrtd`ald  pdrd cd fxpcgrdalñ` y adptdalñ` hf da dauëifrgs, uëifrgs, f` f`trf trf ìstds sf f`auf`trd` f`auf` trd` sfhlkf`tgs s fhlkf`tgs Audtfr`drlgs, Audtfr`dr lgs, cds igrkdalg`fs hfc Jrupg Abdag hfc slstfkd Xfraldrlg y cds igrkdalg`fs Admg`fs, \d`tdtd f Labgd hfc slstfkd Arftäalag. Cds rgads hfc Arftäalag dicgrd` f` tghd cd zg`d gaalhf`tdc, cds klskds quf igrkd` u` ag`mu`tg hf d`tlacl`dcfs y sl`acl`dcfs d`jgstgs.

1.8.?. Adodcjdklf`tg irg`tdc prl`alpdc D trdv trdvìs ìs hfc hfc kd kdpd pd jf jfgc gcñj ñjla lagg hfc hfc cu cujd jdr, r, sf pu puhg hg fv fvlh lhf` f`al aldr dr cd fx fxls lstf tf`a `ald ld hf u` u`dd idccd idccd audtfr`drld hf`gkl`dhd agkg Idccd BVD_L@D uoladhd f` fc hfpdrtdkf`tg hf Cd ^dz,  prgvl`ald  prgvl `ald Gkdsuy Gkdsuygs gs f`trf cds pgocda pgocdalg`fs lg`fs hf Dabdadabl, Dabdad abl, Budrl` Budrl`dd y Odtdccds. Odtdccds . Cd idccd fs hf tlpg l`vfrsd l`ifrlhd l`ifr lhd y fstä afrad d cd grlccd hfc hfc Cdjg X Xltl ltladad, adad, kuy kuy afrad hf cd adrrftfrd ad rrftfrd Cd ^dzXlqul`d Xlqul `d f`trf cd cdss aggrhf`dhd aggrhf`dhdss (-49.4:9?>, -92¾9>6 -92¾9>6:> dôgs gadslg`ñ u` tfkocgr) y f` Dlqulcf, uoladhd afrad dc rëg Klzquf (Agabdodkod), quf prgvgañ fc slskg hf 9,2 jrdhgs f` cd fsadcd hf _labtfr fc ?? hf kdyg hf 49/?>42 | QVA_F/AG__FG HFC QV_

^_FADVALÑ@. Quarf sgpgrtñ u` lkpgrtd`tf slskg f` 4> elcñkftrgs hf d`abg y gtrgs alf`tgs hf cdrjg, sfjý` blzg fag fc hldrlg tdrlmfôg Fc ^frlñhlag. Fc tìa`lag hf cd Hlrfaalñ` hf _lfsjgs hf Quarf, Fhudrhg Dcidrg, prfalsñ quf fc fstuhlg sf rfdclzñ ag` pdrtlalpdalñ` hfc gosfrvdtgrlg Qd` Adclxtg y fc L`stltutg Jfgjräilag Klcltdr, fc audc ag`ilrkd cd idccd tfatñ`lad agkpdrtlhd ag` Qd`td Aruz y Xdrlmd. Dcidrg fxpclañ quf cd ag`fxlñ` vd hfshf Ydccfjrd`hf (Qd`td Aruz), pdsd pgr cd prgvl`ald Culs Adcvg (Abuqulsdad) y auckl`d f` cgs ku`lalplgs tdrlmfôgs hf Ylccd Kg`tfs y \daulod. –V` fvf`tg hf adräatfr sësklag `g pufhf sfr prfhlabg `l f` bgrd, ifabd `l cujdr. Fs dcjg quf l`acusg ag` cd tfa`gcgjëd quf ag`tdkgs f` fc ku`hg, `g sf pufhf prfhfalr‛, sgstuvg Dcidrg y rfagrhñ quf Dsld, ag` tghd cd tfa`gcgjëd plg`frd quf pgsff, sñcg pufhf prfhfalr u` tsu`dkl hgs kl`utgs d`tfs. V` slskg sf pufhf kfhlr d trdvìs hf cd prgiu`hlhdh5 d kdygr prgiu`hlhdh, cd datlvlhdh sf pfralolrä kf`gs.

^_F^D_D_QF Ql olf` cd Hlrfaalñ` hf _lfsjgs plhf adutfcd ag` fstds l`igrkdalg`fs, sujlfrf trdodmdr f` cd aucturd hf prfpdrdalñ`. Quarf auf`td ag` u` pcd` hf ag`tl`jf`ald y yd sf adpdaltdrg` d 49 u`lhdhfs fhuadtlvds ag` slkucdargs. Cd idccd jfgcñjlad altdhd pgr fc fstuhlg hf Bdwäl `g fs cd ý`lad d cd quf Abuqulsdad fstä fxpufstd, Dcidrg rfagrhñ quf bdy gtrd quf sf agkpdrtf ag` Agabdodkod y pgr cd audc cgs ku`lalplgs hf Quarf y ]uhäôfz rfsuctdrëd` difatdhgs ag` u` fvf`tudc tfkocgr. F` Quarf sf rfjlstrñ u` slskg f` 4