Capitulo 4 La Naturaleza de Los Datos
September 22, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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PINR@WVNEJE PINR@WVNE JE JPUCICDJ E@ ZP@W@UJWC BJFPL JFPLUJE E@ NI NIBCW BCWDJ DJUN UNFJ FJ
Lj ijturjl`zj e` lcs ejtcs
Ijturjl`zj e` lcs vjlcr`s Rjlcr`s Iudîrnfc s
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Rjlcr`s Fje`ij
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Fêlfulcs jrntdîfcs @it`rcs, e`fndjl`s sndpl` sc ecgl`s.
Rjlcr`s fcdpu`stcs pcr uij s`rn` e` fjrjft`r`s, sclc vjlcr. qu` sci trjtjecs fcdc ui @h`dplc8 “m—+ “ò—+ “l—+ ““j— j— 4 ““mclj—
Fci lcs vjlcr`s `s pcsngl` r`jlnzjr cp`rjfnci`s jrdîfjs, löanfjs y e` fcdpjrjfnöi.
Rjlcr`s
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Rjlcr`s qu` jldjf`iji uij b`fmj e` fjl`iejrnc. Lciantue hj
B`fmj Rjlcr`s gccl`jics Rjlcr`s iulcs
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Rjlcr`s gnijrnc fcdpu`stcs pcri `l fcihuitc {;,:}.
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[`rdnt`i dji`hjr pjr`s e` vjlcr`s dutujd`it` `xfluy`it`s, fcdc v`reje`rc-bjlsc Ujdgnîi lljdjec vjlcr`s löanfcs
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@s lj jus`ifnj e` vjlcr, s` nienfj qu` `l vjlcr s` e`sfcicf`. @h`dplc8 x45+iull, r`sultjec iull
[rcpn`eje`s e` lcs ejtcs •
Lcs ejtcs, sci r`pr`s`itjfnci`s sndgölnfjs ic snainfjvjs. J trjvîs e`l prcf`sjdn`itc y lj nit`rpr`tjfnöi s` fciv`rrêi `i nibcrdjfnöi. c Ecdninc t qu` j e p`rdnt` `l `
jldjf`ij dn`itc e ce` uij p n U ijturjl`z j e` ejtc.
c n tc e` d c vjlcr`s E n Fcihui i
vêlnecs pjrj ui ejtc
@s lj e j i`f`sneje e n qu` l s` j `i` i e` c qu` ui n ejtc f p t`iaj C vjlcr
r
@xpr`snöi c l jldjf`ij j R ej fcdc ejtc
@xpr`snci`s •
Pij `xpr`snöi `s `l vjlcr e` ui ejtc. ‖
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@xpr`snöi jgsclutj8 su r`pr`s`itjfnöi `s lnt`rjl @xpr`snöi fcdpu`stj8 sn `s i`f`sjrnc r`sclv`r ui vjlcr j pjrr e` ctrcs @xpr`snöi jgsclutj e`
@xpr`snöi jgsclutj e` pc iudîrnfc8 5
pc gccl`jic8 Bjls` @xpr`snöi jgsclutj e` pc fje`ij8 “Ejtc—
@xpr`snöi fcdpu`stj e` pc iudîrnfc8 5+:;
Rjrnjgl`s •
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Pij vjrnjgl` `s uij r`b`r`ifnj löanfj icdnijej j lj pcsnfnöi snfj e` d`dcrnj WJD `i ecie` s` jldjf`ij uij `xpr`snöi. Lcs icdgr`s e` vjrnjgl`s, pcr r`alj a`i`rjl , e`g`i fudplnr fci ljs snaun`it`s r`aljs8 ‖
Vn`dpr` e`g`i ninfnjr fci uij l`trj
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E`g`i fcdpcirs` e` l`trjs y eäantcs
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Ic pu`e`i fcit`i`r `spjfncs `i gljifc in fjrjft`r`s `sp`fnjl`s
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Ljs l`trjs jf`itujejs y ctrcs snaic r`ancijl`s s` fcisne`rji fjrjft`r`s `sp`fnjl`s Ic e`g`i `xf`e`r e` 67 fjrjft`r`s E`g`i s`r r`pr`s`itjvc e`l vjlcr qu` jldjf`iji
Jrr`alcs •
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Lcs jrr`alcs sci vjrnjgl`s qu` p`rdnt`i jscfnjr, j trjvîs trjv îs e` ui dnsdc icdgr` e` vjrnjgl`s, vjrnjs pcsnfnci`s e` d`dcrnj. Juiqu` uineje pcr ui dnsdc icdgr`, ljs pcsnfnci`s e` d`dcrnj dji`hjejs `i bcrdj e` jrr`alc s` enb`r`ifnji pcr ui iød`rc øinfc jl qu` fcicf`dcs fcdc sugäienf`
Lcs tnpc e` ejtcs y su scpcrt` `i lcs l`iaujh`s •
Pi Unpc e` ejtc `s ui ecdninc icdnijec e` ejtcs qu` p`rdnt` `l jldjf`ijdn`itc e` uij e`t`rdnijej ijturjl`zj e` ejtc, jt`ien`iec ui arjec e` `x `xjftue jftue `sp`fäfc, fjusjiec ui fcisudc e` e`t`rdnijec e `t`rdnijec jldjf`ijdn`itc.
Rnsujl Gjsnf.I@U Unpc
Fcisudc `i Gyt`s S
Ecdninc e` Unpc
gccl`ji
Uru` c Bjls`
gyt`
: gyt`
; j 700 (sni snaic)
e`fndjl
:2 gyt`s
; j +/1>.77=.:27.0:5.725.661.0>6.056 .>0;.660 ; j +/1>77=:270:57256610>6056>0; 660 fci 7= pcsnfnci`s j lj e`r`fmj e`l snaic e`fndjl.
nit`a`r
5 gyt`s
-7.:51.5=6.25= j 7.:51.5=6.251
Vtrnia
Fljs` (7 gyt`s pcr fjrjft`r, jprcx)
Fje`ijs e` fjrjft`r`s.
F# Unpc
Fcisudc `i Gyt`s S
Ecdninc e` Unpc
gccl
Uru` c Bjls`
gyt`
: gyt`
; j 700 (sni snaic)
e`fndjl
:2 gyt`s
; j +/1>.77=.:27.0:5.725.661.0>6.056 .>0;.660 ; j +/1>77=:270:57256610>6056>0; 660 fci 7= pcsnfnci`s j lj e`r`fmj e`l snaic e`fndjl.
nit
5 gyt`s
-7.:51.5=6.25= j 7.:51.5=6.251
Vtrnia
Fljs` (7 gyt`s pcr fjrjft`r, jprcx)
Fje`ijs e` fjrjft`r`s.
F++ Unpc gccl
Fcisudc `i Gyt`s S
Ecdninc e` Unpc Uru` c Bjls`
smcrt
7 gyt`
-67,121 j 67,121
ecugl`
= gyt`s
E` :;-6;=j :;6;=
nit
5 gyt`s
-7.:51.5=6.25= j 7.:51.5=6.251
Vtrnia
Fljs` (: gyt` pcr fjrjft`r, jprcx)
Jrr`alc e` fjrjft`r`s.
Hjvj Unpc
Fcisudc `i Gyt`s
gccl
S
Ecdninc e` Unpc Uru` c Bjls`
gyt`
: gyt`
-:7= j :71
e`fndjl
= gyt`s
->,776,617,;62,=05,110,=;= j >,776,617,;62,=05,110,=;1
nit
5 gyt`s
-7.:51.5=6.25= j 7.:51.5=6.251
Vtrnia
Fljs` (: gyt`s pcr fjrjft`r, jprcx)
Jrr`alc e` fjrjft`r`s.
Ecdninc
Ecdninc pc e`
Ecdninc e` Ecdninc e` r`alj e` r`ljfnöi i`acfnc
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