Capítulo 3 - Fuerzas Hidrostáticas Sobre La Superficie

 

MDXÊS^BA III F^NUPD] OICUA]SÄSIMD] ]AEUN BD] ]^XNUFIMIN] =.4 IGSUAC^MMIÝG Nb iglnginra cnen mdbmubdr bds funrzds n`nrmicds par bas fbuicas mag nb fig cn pacnr cisnôdr sdtisfdmtaridjngtn bds nstrumturds qun bas magtingng. Ng nstn mdpêtuba sn nvdbudräg bds trns mdrdmtnrêstimds cn bds funrzds oicrastätimds qun sag0 Jýcuba, cirnm cirnmmiýg miýg y sn sngti gtica. ca. Sdje Sd jeiiég sn cntnrji cntnr jigdrä gdräg g bd bd bamdbi bamdbizdmiýg zdmiýg cn bd bd funrzd.

=.5 F^NUP F^NUPD D N@NUMI N@NUMICD CD X XAU AU ^G BÊT^IC BÊT^ICA A ]AEUN ^G ÄUND XBDGD Bd funrzd funr zd F n`nrmicd n`nr micd par ug bêqui bêquica ca saern ug är ärnd nd pb pbdgd dgd D ns iludb db pracumta pracumta cnb cn b  pnsa nspnmêfima nspnmêfima  cnb bêquica par bd prafugcicdc oml cnb mngtra cn lrdvncdc cn bd supnrfimin y par nb ärnd ärn d cn bd ji jisjd. sjd.

 :  ℇ  .

Bd nmudmiýg ns0

(4) 

]ingca bds ugicdcns têpimds0

 :

 

∙  ∙  

a

:

 

∙  ∙   

]n aesnrvd qun nb pracumta cnb pnsa nspnmêfima   par bd prafugcicdc cnb mngtra cn lrdvncdc cn bd supnrfimin ns iludb d bd prnsiýg ng nb mngtra cn bd lrdvncdc cnb ärnd. Bd bêgnd êgnd cn dmm d mmiiýg cn bd funrzd pdsd pds d par nb mngtra mn gtra cn prnsiý prn siýg, g, qun qun sn s n bamdbizd amdbizd jncidgtn jncidgtn bd fýrjubd0

   :

  

+   

(5) 

Cagcn I  Cagcn  I mml  l  ns nb jajngta cn ignrmid cnb ärnd rnspnmta cn ug n`n qun pdsd par su mngtra cn lrdvncdc (Vnr Filurd 4.). Bds cistdgmids sn jicng d ba bdrla cnb pbdga y d pdrtir cn ug n`n cntnrjigdca par bd igtnrsnmmiýg cnb pbdga qun magtingn bd supnrfimin y cn bd supnrfimin cnb bêquica.

4

 

mngtraicn 

mngtraicn 

o/5  

c  

o 

o 

o/5  

o/=  

c/5  

e 

e 

  : ℇ    :

  :

  

 

 :

 

  :

 

 6



 :

 



 

 6

 

Filurd 4.

F^NUPD N@NUMICD XAU ^G BIT^ICA ]AEUN ^GD ]^XNUFIMIN M^UVD Bd majpagngtn oarizagtdb cn bd funrzd oicrastätimd saern ugd supnrfimin murvd ns iludb d bd funrzd garjdb saern bd praynmmiýg vnrtimdb cn bd supnrfimin. Bd majpagngtn pdsd par nb mngtra cn prnsiýg cn bd praynmmiýg vnrtimdb. Bd majpagngtn vnrtimdb cn bd funrzd oicrastätimd saern ugd supnrfimin murvd ns iludb db  pnsa cnb bêqu bêquiica situdca situdca sae s aern rn nb ärnd, ä rnd, rndb a ijdligdri jdligdria. a. Bd funrzd pdsd pa parr nb mngtra mn gtra cn lrdvncdc cnb vabujng.

SNG]IAG MIUM^GFNUNGMIDB A SDGLNGMIDB Bd tngsiýg mirmugfnrngmidb a tdglngmidb sn ariligd ng bds pdrncns cn ug mibigcra sajntica d prnsi prns iýg igtnrgd. igtnrgd. Xdrd Xd rd mi m ibigcras igcras cn pdrnc cnbldcd cnbldcd (t 2 8,4c)0 8,4c)0

    :

    ∙   

 

(=)  

    Bds ugicdcns njpbndcds, par ba lngnrdb, snräg kp/mj5 a Xd

SNG]IAG BAGLIS^CIGDB NG MIBIGCUA] CN XDUNC CNBLDCD Bd tngsiýg baglitucigdb ng ug mibigcra cn pdrnc cnbldcd mnrrdca par bas nxtrnjas ns iludb d bd jitdc cn bd tngsiýg mirmugfnrngmidb.

F^NUPD] F^NUP D] OICUA]SDSIMD] NG BD] XUN]D] Bds lrdgcns funrzds oicrastätimds qun dmtðdg saern bds prnsds tingcng d pracumir ng bds jisjds 4) ug cnsbizdjingta oarizagtdb d ba bdrla cn su edsn y 5) nb vunba dbrncncar cn bd 5

 

dristd cn dlud ded`a (qun sn magamn maja pin cn bd prnsd) cn bd edsn. Atra fdmtar qun puncn dfnmtdr d bd nstdeibicdc cn bd prnsd ns bd funrzd oicrastätimd cn bnvdgtdjingta (a dsmngsiagdb) qun dmtðd saern bd edsn cn bd prnsd, pracumicd par nb dlud fibtrdcd ed`a bd jisjd. Bd nstdeibicdc cn ugd prnsd sn majpruned cntnrjigdgca 4) nb manfimingtn cn snluricdc magtrd nb cnsbizdjingta, 5) nb manfimingtn cn snluricdc magtrd nb vunbma y =) bd  prnsiýg  prnsi ýg saern saern bd edsn cn bd prnsd. Nb manfimingtn cn snluricdc magtrd nb cnsbizdjingta sn cntnrjigd par nb mamingtn cn bd rnsistngmid db cnsbizdjingta par bd funrzd cn cnsbizdjingta. Nb manfimingtn cn snluricdc magtrd nb n b vunba vunba sn mdbmub md bmubdd par nb mamingtn cnb jaj jajngta ngta rnsi rns istngtn stn gtn par nb pdr cn vunbma vunbma tatdb. Sacas bas jajngtas sn tajdg mag rnbdmiýg db pin cn bd prnsd. Bd prnsiýg saern bd  edsn cn bd prnsd sn s n mdbmu m dbmubbd jncidgtn jncidgtn bd fýrjub fýrjubdd cn bd bd fbnxi fbnxiýg ýg..

 :  ⁃   ´  ⁃    ´  ⁃   Cýgcn0

(3) 

p : prnsiý prns iýg g F : mdrld tatdb vnrtimdb D : ärnd cn bd edsn cn bd prnsd

 ,  : jajngta tatdb mag rnbdmiýg d bas n`ns x n y, rnspnmtivdjngtn ,    : jajngta cn ignrmid tatdb mag rnbdmiýg d bas n`ns x n y, rnspnmtivdjngtn

,    : cistdgmid cnscn nb mngtra cn prnsiýg(mngtraicn) db pugta ng qun sn mdbmubd bd prnsiýg d ba bdrla cn bas n`ns x n y, rnspnmtivdjngtn. Bd nmudmiýg (3) cd bd cistrieumiýg cn prnsiagns d trdvés cn bd edsn cn bd prnsd y bd rnsub rns ubtdgtn tdgtn dmtðd dm tðd cngtra cnb tnrmi tnrm ia jncia jncia cn bd bd jisjd. jisjd.

=

 

MDXÊS^BA III XUAEBNJD] UN]^NBSA] 4) Nb dlud dbmdgzd nb givnb N ng bd tuenrêd ugicd db cnpýsita DEMC qun sn junstrd ng bd Filurd =.4. Cnsprnmidgca nb pnsa cnb cnpýsita y cn bd tuenrêd cn nbnvdmiýg, d) cntnrjigdr y situdr bd funrzd rnsubtdgtn qun dmtðd saern nb ärnd DE cn 5,38 j cn dgmourd. e) bd funrzd tatdb saern nb fagca cnb cnpýsita y m) majpdrdr nb pnsa tatdb cnb dlud mag bd rnsub rns ubtdgtn tdgtn aetngicd aetngicd ng e) y nxpbi nxpbimdr md r bd cifnrngmi cifnrngm id.

 Filurd =.4  

]abumiýg d) Bd prafugcicdc cnb mngtra cn lrdvncdc cnb ärnd DE, rnspnmta cn bd supnrfimin biern cnb dlud ng N, ns cn 3,>8 j.

   : ℇ : 4888 =,688,984,?8∙5,38 : 4933 493388  

Xar tdgta0

Tun dmtðd d bd cistdgmid0

,, /  : ,,∙,  3,> : 3,>6    

 e) Bd prnsiýg prnsiýg ng nb fagc fagca a EM ns ug ugiifarjn; farjn; pa parr magsilu magsiluiingtn, bd funrzd0

 :  : ℇ  : 4888 >,386∙5,38 : =∙4,5 : 3=58 =58 . Tun cn D, a snd, 5 j par cned`a. Xuncn aetngnrsn nstn jisja vdbar dpbimdgca bd fýrjubd magamicd, maja silun0

4,5= 45  4,> : 5,88    : 4,>4,5∙=      e) Nb dlud dmtðd saern bd mdrd EM y bd dmmi dmm iýg cnb bêqu quiica supnriar supnriar pu puncn ncn tngnrsn ng mungtd par bd dbturd a prafugcicdc cn dlud nquivdbngtn. ]n njpbnd ng nstn snlugca 5

 

mäbmuba bd supnrfimin cn dlud ijdligdrid (I\]), situdgca bd I\] par mdjeia cn bas

8,?88 ∙ = : 5,38  cn dlu d lud. d. X ar tdgta. tdgta.  :48885,38,94,?∙4,5 : 3kG G

 Filurd =.>  

=.=

Cntnrjigdr bd funrzd vnrtimdb qun dmtðd saern bd eývncd snjimibêgcrimd jastrdcd ng bd Filurd =.6 mudgca bd prnsiýg jdgajétrimd bnêcd ng D ns cn >?,= kXd. Bd  eývncd  eý vncd tingn 4,?= 4,?= j cn cn bagl bagliituc. tuc.

]abumiýg0 ]abu miýg0 44= kG

 Filurd =.6  

>

 

=.3

Mag rnfnrngmid d bd Filurd =.< cntnrjigdr d) bd funrzd n`nrmicd par nb dlud saern bd  pb  pbdmd dmd cnb fagca fagca DE cn bd tuenrêd tuenrêd cn 4j cn ci ciäjntra äjntra y e) bd funrzd tatdb saern saern nb  pb  pbdga dga M. 

]abumiýg0 =?,3> kG; 569 Kg

 Filurd =.