Capacitação - Design Thinking
August 3, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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F mxprmssåa Dmsh`k Tbhkohk` iæ vhkbf smkda usfdf dmsdm as fkas 2>/8> par pragmssarms dm Dmsh`k. Zmemktmlmktm, mcf `fkbau mkarlm papucfrhdfdm ka lukda das km`õehas eal a trfjfcba dm fc`uks futarms
A Dmsh`k Tbhkohk` è ulf fjardf`ml qum ealjhkf ul eakiukta dm prhkeìphas, praemssas m gmrrflmktfs mxtrfìdas df præthef dm Dmsh`k Hkdustrhfc pfrf pmrlhthr qum pmssafs –kåa `mkhfhs“ eaksh`fl dmsmkvacvmr, shstmlftheflmktm, sacuàýms hkavfdarfs m mgmthvfs
FKFCÌTHEA
DMUH@K TBHKOHK@
HKT]HTHWA
@ ^
EAKGHFJHCHDFDM
Gaktm9 fdfptfda dm Tbm Dmsh`k ag Jushkmss (Lfrthk, :>>8)
AZH@HKFCHDFDM
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A Dmsh`k è ulf gcuìdf, qum fdfptf dmTbhkohk` fearda eal fs lmtadaca`hf shtufàýms su`mrhdfs pmcassmlfhs vfrhfdas ajimthvas. Fc`ulfs mtfpfs såa lfhs dmlarfdfs da qum autrfs, au prmehsfl smr rmvhshtfdfs eakstfktmlmktm. eakstfkt mlmktm. Hssa aearrm iustflmktm pmca mktmkdhlmkta dm qum sacuàýms erhfthvfs qufsm kukef såa
F F
^raimta R
^raimta X
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fthk`hdfs chkmfrlmktm, eakvhvékehf eala f fljh`uhdfdm m as ehecaskmemsshtfkda dm htmrfàýms dm pfrf sm mkeaktrfr rmsuctfda earrmtf.
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–Hk ardmr bfvm ta `mt ta ta `mtokaw ta kmw dhggmrmkt sacuthaks, pmapcm, yau dhggmrmkt semkfrhas, dhggmrmkt pcfems.“ Mlh Oacfwacm, Mdhtar-hk-Zmshdmkem, Utfkdgard ]khvmrshty d.sebaac
Efpfehdfdm dm sm eacaefr ka cu`fr da autra. Jusefr ealprmmkdmr as smkthlmktas m fs rmfàýms dm autrf pmssaf, hlf`hkfkda-sm ehreukstêkehfs qum mcf. kfs lmslfs
M]
WAEÉ
KÕU
Meakalhf dm mxpmrhékehf a à
Meakalhf põshkdustrhfc
e g e m r
Meakalhf hkdustrhfc Meakalhf f`rærhf/ mxtrfthvhstf Tfk`ìvmc
Kfturmzf da vfcar `mrfda
hktfk`ìvmc
a à e g e m r
>,= emktfvas par `rflf
Meakalhf f`rærhf/ mxtrfthvhstf Tfk`ìvmc
Kfturmzf da vfcar `mrfda
hktfk`ìvmc
7 emktfvas par `rflf a à e g e m r
>,= emktfvas par `rflf
Meakalhf hkdustrhfc Meakalhf f`rærhf/ mxtrfthvhstf Tfk`ìvmc
Kfturmzf da vfcar `mrfda
hktfk`ìvmc
5> emktfvas par `rflf 7 emktfvas par `rflf a à e g e m r
Meakalhf põshkdustrhfc
>,= emktfvas par `rflf
Meakalhf hkdustrhfc Meakalhf f`rærhf/ mxtrfthvhstf Tfk`ìvmc
Kfturmzf da vfcar `mrfda
hktfk`ìvmc
7> emktfvas par `rflf 5> emktfvas par `rflf 7 emktfvas par `rflf
Meakalhf dm mxpmrhékehf
a à e g e m r
Meakalhf põshkdustrhfc
>,= emktfvas par `rflf
Meakalhf hkdustrhfc Meakalhf f`rærhf/ mxtrfthvhstf Tfk`ìvmc
Kfturmzf da vfcar `mrfda
hktfk`ìvmc
F sacuàåa dmvm smr mxmquìvmc, ftrfmktm pfrf a eaksulhdar m vfktfiasf pfrf a km`õeha
WHÆWMC
DMUMIÆWMC
MRMV]ÌWMC
KM@ÕEHA/ HKUTHT]HÀÅA (vhævmc)
Hkavfàåa Mlaehakfc
msh`k bhkohk`
Hkavfàåa dm Umrvhàa
Hkavfàåa dm ^raemssa
^MUUAFU (dmsmiævmc) TMEKACA@HF (mxmqu ìvmc)
Hkavfàåa Gukehakfc
Fa hkvès dm pmksfr fktms dm f`hr, f`hr pfrf padmr pmksfr. Eacaefr ulf hdmhf ml præthef, rmv r mvmcf mcf luhta lfhs da qum fpmkfs lfkté-cf ka lukda tmõrhea
F@HZ
^MKUFZ
:5
Fjrhr-sm erhfthvflmktm pfrf pmrsm`uhr dhvmrsfs hdmhfs m eflhkbas dhgmrmktms, padmkda fcefkàfr sacuàýms hkmspmrfdfs
HKEMZTMYF
^MUV]HUF
^FDZÝMU
HKUH@BTU
EAKEMHTA
ECFZMYF
GAEA
DMUMKBA
È kmemssærha rmeakbmemr fs efrfetmrìs efrfetmrìsthefs thefs dm efdf ulf dfs mtfpfs da praemssa dm Dmsmkba da Umrvhàa m uthchzfr gmrrflmktfs gmrrflmktfs fdmqufdfs f efdf lalmkta
DHWMZ@HZ
EAKWMZ@HZ
EZHFZ MUEACBFU
GFYMZ MUEACBFU
Eacaqum sufs hdmhfs ml præthef m uthchzm as gmmdjfeos pfrf rmghkæ-cfs au, ftè lmsla, ludfr dm dhrmà åa HTMZFÀÅA K HTMZFÀÅA :
HTMZFÀÅA 6
^mksm eal fs låas, msthlucm eakmxýms m trfkslhtf sufs hdmhfs dm lfkmhrf dhrmtf, shlpcms m vhsufc
MTF^F
LF^MFZ HKGAZLFÀÝMU
EAKTMRTA M HKTMKÀÅA
LF^MFZ UTFOMBACDMU
DMUH@K EBFCCMK@M
EFLHKBA
EAKTMRTA M HKTMKÀÅA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TMUTFZ M F^ZMKDMZ
TAZKFZ ZMFC
MUEFCFZ
ZMCFTÕZHAU DM LMZEFDA
KAWFU TMEKACA@HFU
TMKDÉKEHFU
UHT]FÀÝMU FKÆCA@FU
HKDHEFDAZMU HKTMZKAU M MRTMZKAU
JMKEBLFZOU
^MUV]HUFU
EAKEAZZMKTMU
A^MZFÀÝMU M ^ZAEMUUAU
DFDAU V]FKTHTFTHWAU
TMKDÉKEHFU
HKTMCH@ÉKEHF M ^MUV]HUF ^ZHWFDF
HKUTHT]TAU HKUTHT]T AU JZFUHCMHZAU
IAZKFHU M ZMWHUTFU
Ermfthvhty hs iust eakkmethk` tbhk`s. Pbmk yau fso ermfthvm pmapcm baw tbmy dhd salmtbhk`, tbmy gmmc f chttcm `uhcty jmefusm tbmy dhdk‘t rmfccy da ht, tbmy iust sfw salmtbhk`. Ht smmlmd ajvhaus ta tbml fgtmr f wbhcm. Tbft‘s jmefusm tbmy wmrm fjcm ta eakkmet mxpmrhmkems tbmy‘vm bfd fkd syktbmshzm kmw tbhk`s. Fkd tbm rmfsak tbmy wmrm fjcm ta da tbft wfs tbft tbmy‘vm bfd larm mxpmrhmkems ar tbmy bfvm
tbau`bt larm fjaut tbmhr
tbfk atbmr pmapcm.
mxpmrhmkems 57
L]ZFC DM HKGAZLFÀÝMU EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ulf lfkmhrf dm ar`fkhzfr dm lfkmhrf cõ`hef m vhsufc ul eakiukta dm hkgarlfàýms. Eakshstm ml ghxfr fs hkgarlfàýms cmvfktfdfs ml ul lurfc au pfrmdm, ar`fkhzfkda-fs ml `rupas tmlætheas
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc vhsufchzfr ml ul lmsla cu`fr tadfs fs hkgarlfàýms rmcmvfktms sajrm ul dmtmrlhkfda fssukta. Umkda fsshl, è ulf õthlf lfkmhrf dm mk`fifr f mquhpm m msthlucfr f `mrfàåa dm hdmhfs m hksh`bts sajrm a tmlf mstudfda
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Zmùkf hkgarlfàýms sajrm tmkdékehfs, kavfs tmekaca`hfs, tmekaca`hfs, eakearrékehf, jmkeblfros, rmcftõrhas dm lmrefda, mte. :. Ar`fkhzm fs hkgarlfàýms ajthdfs par `rupas `rupas tmlætheas 5. Eakstruf smu lurfc eacaefkda fs hkgarlfàýms ml ulf pfrmdm au qufdra (pfrf hssa vaeé padm uthchzfr past hts, efrtachkfs, mte)
LF^F DM UTFOMBACDMZU EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ulf rmprmsmktfàåa vhsufc das prhkehpfhs ftarms au `rupas mkvacvhdas ka praemssa dm praduàåa m mktrm`f dm ul praduta au smrvhàa, qufhs as pfpèhs dm efdf ul dmcms m eala mcms sm rmcfehakfl m hktmrf`ml mktrm sh
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc ajtmr ulf vhsåa `mrfc da fljhmktm ml qum a praduta au smrvhàa mstæ hksmrhda, passhjhchtfkda hdmkthghefr paktas prajcmlætheass m mxpcarfr ærmfs dm apartukhdfdms ml patmkehfc prajcmlæthea
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Erhm ulf chstf fjrfk`mktm das stfombacdmrs mkvacvhdas mkvacvhdas ka praemssa :. Ecfsshghqum-as sm`ukda suf rmcmvêkehf pfrf a dmsfgha m mstfjmcmàf a pfpmc prhkehpfc dm efdf ul 5. ^ashehakm-as ka lfpf, eacaefkda ka eìreuca emktrfc as ftarms hktmrkas hktmrkas î ar`fkhzfàåa m ka eìreuca dm garf as ftarms mxtmrkas î ar`fkhzfàåa 4. Hkdhqum as prhkehpfhs rmcfehakflmktas rmcfehakflmktas mktrm as stfombacdmrs (tmkbf
euhdfda eal a mxemssa dm hkgarlfàåa)
LF^F DM UTFOMBACDMZU MRTMZKA
HKTMZKA
DMUH@K JZHMGHK@ EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ulf gmrrflmktf qum tml a ajimthva dm dmghkhr ecfrflmktm a mseapa da praimta dm hkavfàåa, dmtfcbfkda quml vfh sm jmkmghehfr eal f sacuàåa, a dmsfgha f smr supmrfda, fs rmstrhàýms mxhstmktms, a eakbmehlmkta ftufc, as rmsuctfdas mspmrfdas m as prõxhlas pfssas
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc erhfr ulf vhsåa ealul dmktra df mquhpm f rmspmhta df ealprmmksåa da mseapa m fvfchfàåa da tmlpa dm mxmeuàåa da praimta dm hkavfàåa
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Zmùkf ulf mquhpm lucthdhsehpchkfr, lucthdhsehpchkfr, f smr mkvacvhdf ka praimta dm hkavfàåa :. Eal jfsm kfs hkgarlfàýms rmukhdfs, ka Lfpf dm Utfombacdmrs m kfs pmrempàýms das hktm`rfktms df mquhpm dhseutf efdf dhlmksåa da Dmsh`k Jrhmghk` 5. Eaksachdm as hksh`bts ajthdas f pfrthr dfs dhseussýms m prmmkebf a
Dmsh`k Jrhmghk`
DMUH@K JZHMGHK@ DMUFGHA
JMKMGHEHÆZHA
MUEA^A M ZMUTZHÀÝMU
A V]M IÆ UFJMLAU
ZMU]CTFDAU MU^MZFDAU
V]MUTÝMU ML FJMZTA
LÈTZHEFU
MTF^F
^CFKMIFZ EALA F^ZMKDMZ
HLMZUÅA
WHWMKEHFZ
EF^T]ZFZ F^ZMKDHYFDAU
EFLHKBA
EAKTMRTA M HKTMKÀÅA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TMUTFZ M F^ZMKDMZ
TAZKFZ ZMFC
MUEFCFZ
45
44
4=
Fa hktmrf`hr eal fqumcms qum uthchzfl ul praduta au smrvhàa, dmvm-sm hr fcèl da usuærha lèdha. È hlpartfktm pmsquhsfr tfljèl pmssafs rmshstmktms fas smrvhàas mxhstmktms, fsshl eala fqumcms qum gfàfl usas kåa mspmrfdas (usuærhas mxtrmlas)
]U]ÆZHAU LÈDHAU
]U]ÆZHAU ZMUHUTMKTMU
F suf dmvm smrflastrf ealpastf h`ufclmktm par efdf thpa dm usuærha
]U]ÆZHAU MRTZMLAU
55% 55% Kåa uthchzfàåa
55% ]sa mxtrmla
MKTZMWHUTF ML @Z]^A EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ul lètada qum praeurf, par lmha dm ulf eakvmrsf eal a `rupa dm mktrmvhstfdas, efpturfr pmrempàýms ml ealul m, prhkehpfclmk prhkehpfclmktm, tm, hdmkthghefr pmrghs hktmrmssfktms pfrf rmfchzfr mktrmvhstfs hkdhvhdufhs
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc ajtmr hkgarlfàýms qum såa ukfkhlhdfdm ml værhas usuærhas, fcèl dm ajsmrvfr f dhkêlhef saehfc da `rupa mstudfda. Umrvm, tfljèl, eala ul õthla hkstrulmkta hktradutõrha hktradutõr ha pfrf f mktrmvhstf hkdhvhdufc
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Laktm ul `rupa dhvmrshghefda pfrf rmfchzfr rmfchzfr f mktrmvhstf :. ^rmpfrm ul @uhf pfrf f Mktrmvhstf, eaktmkda as prhkehpfhs prhkehpfhs paktas f smrml eacaefdas ml dhseussåa m eala mcms smråa efpturfdas 5. Zmfchzm f mktrmvhstf ml `rupa, emrthghefkda-sm dm rm`hstrfr as prhkehpfhs hksh`bts pravmkhmktms pravmkhmktms df dhseussåa m as pmrghs hktmrmssfktms dm smrml mktrmvhstfdas hkdhvhdufclmktm hkdhvhdufclmktm
MKTZMWHUTF HKDHWHD]FC EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ul lètada qum praeurf, par lmha dm ulf eakvmrsf eal a mktrmvhstfda, ajtmr hkgarlfàýms ftrfvès dm pmr`uktfs m uthchzfàåa dm autras hkstrulmktas,, eala efrtýms m ajimtas dm mvaefàåa eucturfc (eal a hktuhta hkstrulmktas dm rmlmtmr a mktrmvhstfda f cmljrfkàfs m mlaàýms mspmeìghefs)
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc ajtmr ul mktmkdhlmkta df bhstõrhf par træs dfs mxpmrhékehfs dm vhdf da mktrmvhstfda. Fsshl, a pmsquhsfdar è efpfz dm mxpfkdhr smu mktmkdhlmkta sajrm ealpartflmkta ealpartflmktass saehfhs, hdmkthghefr mxemàýms, lfpmfr efsas mxtrmlas, sufs arh`mks m sufs eaksmquékehfs
EALA GFYMZ1 6. ^rmpfrm ul @uhf pfrf f Mktrmvhstf, eaktmkda fs prhkehpfhs prhkehpfhs pmr`uktfs m qum hkgarlfàýms vaeé dmsmif ajtmr eal efdf ulf dmcfs :. Hkhehm f mktrmvhstf eal pmr`uktfs hktradutõrhfs, hktradutõrhfs, eal a ajimthva dm mstfjmcmemr eakghfkàf m eakgarta iukta fa mktrmvhstfda 5. Uhtum a mktrmvhstfda mktrmvhstfda ka eaktmxta ml qumståa
4. Zmfchzm f hkvmsth`fàåa fpragukdfdf, fpragukdfdf, eakgarlm fs pmr`uktfs mcfjarfdfs ka @uhf pfrf f Mktrmvhstf
Lastrm-lm Umlprm qum passìvmc, pmr`uktm fa mktrmvhstfda par gatas au mvhdékehfs gìshefs dfs bhstõrhfs rmcftfdfs. Dmsmkbm ^fpmc m efkmtf kf låa! Fs mktrmvhstfs dåa lfhs rmtarka qufkda as mktrmvhstfdas såa eakvhdfdas f mxprmssfr vhsufclmktm a qum mståa pmksfkda. ^mr`uktm = vmzms –^ar qué1“ Tadf vmz qum fssukta dhstfkehfr dm prajcmlfs lfhs gukdflmktfhs, pmr`uktm –^arul qué1“ pfrfsm cmvfr a mktrmvhstfda f mxprmssfr f efusf rfhz dm fc`ul prajcmlf. Uhktmthzm a rfehaeìkha ml vaz fctf Durfktm f mktrmvhstf, a mktrmvhstfdar padm dmtfcbfr a smu mktmkdhlmkta ml ulf chkbf dm rfehaeìkha. Hssa dæ fa mktrmvhstfda f apartukhdfdm dm gfzmr
earrmàýms m ealpcmlmktfr fs hkgarlfàýms h kgarlfàýms efptfdfs.
EAKEMHTAU UFEZHGHEHFHU ]l eakemhta sferhghehfc è shlpcmslmktm ulf hdmhf au prapastf gartm, kåa kmemssfrhflmktm gfetìvmc. Mcm è prapasta pfrf msthlucfr ulf rmfàåa da mktrmvhstfda m galmktfr dhseussåa. ]l jal eakemhta sferhghehfc gfz eal qum as pfrthehpfktms ghquml lfhs prapmksas f dhseuthr tmlfs hlpartfktm m dmsfghfr a cu`fr ealul. Mxmlpca9 –Waeé smrhf f gfvar dm ulf cmh qum prahjhssm a usa dm efrras pfrtheucfrms ml trfimtas ftmkdhdas par trfkspartm eacmthva1“ EFZTÝMU M AJIMTAU ^FZF MWAEFÀÅA E]CT]ZFC F hdmhf dmstm frthgìeha è usfr gatas m ajimtas qum rmlmtfl a mktrmvhstfda f cmljrfkàfs m mlaàýms mspmeìghefs. • Fprmsmktfda f ulf gata dm ulf prfhf pfrfdhsìfef, pmr`uktf-sm9 –Vufhs fs sufs lfharms fljhàýms m dmsmias1
•
Fprmsmktfda f ul trfjfcba ajsacmta, pmr`uktf-sm9 –Eala mrf smu trfjfcba bæ 6> ajimta fkas1 Admqum ludau1“
ZM@HUTZA UMLHMUTZ]T]ZFDA EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ulf garlf dm ajtmr hkgarlfàýms ml qum a prõprha usuærha rmcftf sufs fthvhdfdms fealpfkbfda dm ul ratmhra, uthchzfkda hkstrulmktas eala eêlmrfs, `rfvfdarms dm vaz au fpfrmcbas emcucfrms
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc ajtmr hkgarlfàýms pragukdfs m dhrmehakfdfs sajrm a echmktm, prhkehpfclmktm qufkda bæ ulf passìvmc dhgheucdfdm pfrf a pmsquhsfdar ml sm caealavmr ftè mcm. ^ar mstfr sazhkba, a usuærha sm smktm eakgartævmc pfrf eacmtfr dmtmrlhkfdfs hkgarlfàýms
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Mcfjarm ul ratmhra pfrf dhrmehakfr dhrmehakfr a rm`hstra dm hkgarlfàýms da usuærha :. Garkmàf as hkstrulmktas smcmehakfdas smcmehakfdas m a ratmhra pfrf a usuærha, mxpchefkda eala as rm`hstras smråa rmfchzfdas 5. @uhm a usuærha fa cak`a da rm`hstra, pfrf `frfkthr qum f hkgarlfàåa
rmeacbhdf mstæ dm fearda eal a mspmrfda
CHWHK@ HT EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ulf gmrrflmktf eal a ajimthva dm praparehakfr f vhvékehf m f mxpmrhékehf dm smrvhàa da eaksulhdar ml smu eaktmxta rmfc, trfkslhthkda trfkslhthkd a mxpmrhékehfs rmfhs dfs shtufàýms vhvhdfs pmca echmktm
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc erhfr mlpfthf pmcas usuærhas, ealprmmkdmr hkthlflmktm hkthlflmktm fs sufs kmemsshdfdms lfhs ealuks m mktmkdmr as prajcmlfs qum fktms pfrmehfl hrrmcmvfktms
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Umcmehakm fs mxpmrhékehfs mxpmrhékehfs m as pmrghs qum smråa vhvmkehfdas :. Whvmkehm f mxpmrhékehf, fjsarvf m rm`hstrm as prhkehpfhs hksh`bts hksh`bts pmremjhdas 5. Eaksachdm tadas as smus rm`hstras, vhsfkda ul mktmkdhlmkta mktmkdhlmkta ecfra df vhvékehf
4. Efsa kmemssærha, mxpcarm tfljèl autrfs mxpmrhékehfs mxpmrhékehfs qum a echmktm passf tmr eal a smu smrvhàa
UALJZF (UBFDAPHK@) EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È f ajsmrvfàåa m fealpfkbflmkt fealpfkbflmkta a da usuærha fa cak`a dm ul pmrìada qum hkecuf f uthchzfàåa da praduta au smrvhàa. È hlpartfktm dmstfefr qum a pmsquhsfdar kåa dmvm hktmrgmrhr kf fàåa da usuærha, smr dm gfta –ulf saljrf“
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc fdquhrhr eakbmehlmktas eakbmehlmktas sajrm as bæjhtas da eaksulhdar, hdmkthghefkda apartukhdfdms m kmemsshdfdms cftmktms qum, luhtfs vmzms, sõ såa ajthdfs ajsmrvfkda a echmktm ml ul eaktmxta rmfc dm uthchzfàåa da praduta au smrvhàa
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Dmghkf as ajimthvas df ajsmrvfàåa ajsmrvfàåa m a pùjchea f smr ajsmrvfda :. Feardm prmvhflmktm eal as hkdhvìduas mstudfdas mstudfdas a mseapa df ajsmrvfàåa (eala m qufkda smræ rmfchzfdf) 5. Zmfchzm f ajsmrvfàåa, gfzmkda rm`hstras gata`rægheas, gata`rægheas, vìdmas m fkatfàýms, tmktfkda sm lfktmr a lmkas hkvfshva passìvmc
4. Cmvm ml eakshdmrfàåa kf fkæchsm fkæchsm a –mgmhta ajsmrvfdar“ ― a ealpartflmkta da usuærha è hkgcumkehfda pmcf prmsmkàf da pmsquhsfdar
=4
FTZFWÈU DF AJUMZW AJUM ZWFÀ FÀÅA DM UAC]ÀÝMU HK]UHTFDFU A] –@FLJHFZZFU“ ^ADMLAU HDMKTHGHEFZ KMEMUUHDFDMU A] HDMHFU DM UAC]ÀÝMU
GHCF GHC F ^FZF ^FZF A JFKBMH JFK BMHZA ZAJFZZFV JFZZFV]HK ]HKBF BF DA RHRH RH RH
Ftrfvès df ajsmrvfàåa dm sacuàýms hkushtfdfs au –`fljhfrrfs“ padmlas hdmkthghefr kmemsshdfdms au hdmhfs dm sacuàýms Fdfptfàýms gmhtfs pfrf kmemsshdfdms fktms kåa
Efkfhs lfhs usfdas pmcas echmktms
Fctmrkfthvfs dm mktrm`f qum as echmktms
pmksfdfs
`mrfclmktm usfl
Efrfetmrìsthefs m gukehakfchdfdms lfhs usfdfs pmcas echmktms
Garlf dm eaksmrtfr m dmsefrtfr a praduta
Garlf das echmktms talfrml eakbmehlmkta pmcfs sacuàýms
Bæjhtas da usa da praduta qum ealpralmtml suf cak`mvhdfdm
Mrras lfhs ealmthdas fa uthchzfr ul smrvhàa
^MUV]HUF M FKÆCHUM DM DFDAU EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ulf gmrrflmktf qum pmrlhtm efptfr aphkhýms m dfdas qufkthtfthvas qum padml fuxhchfr ml dhvmrsas fspmetas, eala9 hdmkthghefr apartukhdfdms apartukhdf dms dm mxpfksåa, fkæchsm dm sfthsgfàåa, hdmkthghefr tflfkba m sm`lmktfàåa da lmrefda, prmàa lèdha, lfromt sbfrm, mte
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc mljfsfr qufkthtfthvflmktm qufkthtfthvflmktm bhpõtmsms m fr`ulmktas qufchtfthvas, qufchtfthvas, eakgmrhkda ul efrætmr rmfc fa mstuda qum mstæ smkda rmfchzfda. Fcèl dhssa, fs pmr`uktfs qufchtfthvfs qufchtfthvfs dfs pmsquhsfs garkmeml ealmktærhas m aphkhýms das prõprhas echmktms
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Mstruturm fs hkgarlfàýms qum sm dmsmif ajtmr par lmha dfs pmsquhsfs m dmghkf a pùjchea f smr fkfchsfda :. Mcfjarm f pmsquhsf eal as thpas dm pmr`uktf lfhs fdmqufdas pfrf efdf hkgarlfàåa dmsmifdf 5. Mkvhm f pmsquhsf pfrf a pùjchea pùjchea dmsmifda
Grustrfàýms da echmktm fa usfr fc`ul smrvhàa
Dhgheucdfdms dm usa da smrvhàa
4. Ealphcm m fkfchsm as rmsuctfdas rmsuctfdas
^MZUAKFU EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 Uåa pmrsakf`mks ghetìehas dmsmkvacvhdas eal a ajimthva dm shktmthzfr as eakbmehlmktas sajrm ul dmtmrlhkfda pùjchea eal efrfetmrìsthefs pfrtheucfrms. F hdmhf è uthchzfr pmca lmkas ulf pmrsakf pfrf efdf pùjchea fcva qum sm jusef fthk`hr eal a praduta au smrvhàa
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 È ulf lfkmhrf dm trfksgarlfr dfdas qufkthtfthvas m pmrempàýms fjstrftfs ml –pmssafs rmfhs“, tarkfkda a pùjchea fcva m sufs lathvfàýms, dmsmias, mxpmetfthvfs m kmemsshdfdms lfhs tfk`ìvmhs
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Zmfchzm a cmvfktflmkta das thpas dm pmrghs fcva ajsmrvfdas :. F pfrthr dfs mxpmrhékehfs m eakbmehlmktas fdquhrhdas, fdquhrhdas, msermvf dmtfcbms ml vactf df ^mrsakf rmcfehakfdas fa pmrghc fcva qum mcf rmprmsmktf
5. Uhktmthzm tadfs fs hkgarlfàýms hkgarlfàýms ml ulf ghebf sajrm f pmrsakf 4. Erhm bhstõrhfs sajrm a pmrsakf`ml, qum gfehchtml f ealukhefàåa dm sufs efrfetmrìsthefs
75
Fkdmrsak Gfceåa, 4= fkas
@astfrhf dm sm fpasmktfr fas 7=, pfrf fpravmhtfr a ghkfc df vhdf fa cfda dm suf gflìchf
@mrmktm dm Apmrfàýms
F]UTMZF
Uakbf ml ul dhf smr Dhrmtar kf mlprmsf akdm trfjfcbf È `rfdufda ml Mk`mkbfrhf dm ^raduàåa pmcf ]GZI, passuh Lmstrfda pmcf EA^^M.
Mstæ kf lmslf mlprmsf bæ 6: fkas. Mktrau eala trfhkmm m mstæ bæ 5 eala @mrmktm.
Eaksm`uhr `frfkthr a gutura dm suf gflìchf, efsa fc`ul mvmkta fehdmktfc aearrf
Wmr smu ghcba `rfdufda ml Mk`mkbfrhf m fdlhkhstrfkda smu pftrhlôkha
Dmsprmpfra das ghcbas pfrf chdfr eal a smu prõprha dhkbmhra
EFUA
Lfturhdfdm ealmàf f fvfkàfr m as prajcmlfs dm sfùdm ealmàfl f sur`hr
UM@]ZAU
LF^F DM ML^FTHF EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ulf gmrrflmktf eal a ajimthva shktmthzfr, dm garlf ar`fkhzfdf, fs hkgarlfàýms sajrm f mxpmrhékehf dm eaksula dm ul dmtmrlhkfda echmktm
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc ar`fkhzfr dfdas ajthdas durfktm f hlmrsåa m fsshl fdquhrhr eakbmehlmkta femref dm ealpartflmkta ealpartflmktas, s, prmaeupfàýms, darms m dmsmias da usuærha fa cak`a dm suf mxpmrhékehf dm eaksula
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Umcmehakm ul pmrghc dm echmktm f smr dmtfcbfda (fs pmrsakfs padml smr dm `rfkdm uthchdfdm pfrf mssf fthvhdfdm) :. Zmùkf pmssafs eal pmrempàýms dhsthktfs dhsthktfs sajrm a echmktm m uthchzm fs hkgarlfàýms fdquhrhdfs
5. ^rmmkebf, ml eakiukta, fs 7 dhlmksýms dhlmksýms da Lfpf dm Mlpfthf 4. Zmphtf a praemssa pfrf tadas tadas as pmrghs dm echmktm rmcmvfktms
IAZKFDF DA ]U]ÆZHA EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ul lfpf qum rmprmsmktf `rfgheflmktm f trfimtõrhf dm ul echmktm fa uthchzfr ul dmtmrlhkfda praduta au smrvhàa, dmsermvmkda as pfssas ebfvm pmrearrhdas fktms, durfktm m dmpahs df fquhshàåa m uthchzfàåa
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc hkvmsth`fr f gukda efdf ulf dfs hktmrfàýms da echmktm eal a praduta/smrvhàa, pmrlhthkda fkfchsfr sufs mxpmetfthvfs ml efdf lalmkta m cmvfktfr ulf `rfkdm qufkthdfdm dm apartukhdfdms hkavfdarfs
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Lfpmhm tadfs fs `rfkdms mtfpfs, dmsdm a prè-smrvhàa, qufkda mcm smktm f kmemsshdfdm dm ajtmr a smrvhàa, ftè fs fthvhdfdms dm põs-smrvhàa :. Dmtfcbm a qum a echmktm gfz ml efdf ulf dfs `rfkdms `rfkdms mtfpfs, m qufhs as paktas dm hktmrfàåa
5. Lfpmhm fs apartukhdfdms dm lmcbarhf m hkavfàåa ml efdf ulf dfs hktmrfàýms lfpmfdfs 4. Zmebmhm f Iarkfdf da ]suærha eal ehtfàýms rmfhs das usuærhas, eal a hktuhta dm tfk`hjhchzfr sufs darms m qumsthakflmktas
MTF^F
UHKTMTHYFZ UH@KHGHEFDAU
ZMGZFLM
ZMDMGHKHZ A DMUFGHA
LAJHCHYFZ ^FZF EZHFZ F UAC]ÀÅA
EFLHKBA
EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TMUTFZ
TAZKFZ
MUEFCFZ
M HKTMKÀÅA
M F^ZMKDMZ
A ^ZHLMHZA ^FUUA È FKFCHUFZ, MKTMKDMZ M AZ@FKHYFZ FU HKGAZLFÀÝMU CMWFKTFDFU D]ZFKTM F HLMZUÅA
ZMFC
DHF@ZFLF DM FGHKHDFDM EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ulf gmrrflmktf qum dmsthkf-sm f ar`fkhzfr fs hdmhfs pravmkhmktms dm ul trfjfcba dm eacmtf dm hkgarlfàýms. A ajimthva è f`rupfr fs hdmhfs eal jfsm ml rmcfàýms dm dmpmkdékehf, shlhcfrhdfdm au praxhlhdfdm
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc hdmkthghefr fs eakmxýms mktrm as dhvmrsas htmks dm ul eakiukta dm hkgarlfàýms, fa f`rupf-cas dm garlf cõ`hef. Fcèl dhssa, è passìvmc hdmkthghefr, tfljèl, as `rfkdm tmlfs qum dmchlhtfl a fssukta qum mstæ smkda trfjfcbfda
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Zmùkf ul `rupa dm pmssafs qum smræ rmspaksævmc par fkfchsfr fs hkgarlfàýms eacmtfdfs m fkatfr as prhkehpfhs hksh`bts ml past hts :. Eacm tadas as past hts kf pfrmdm. Um bauvmr bauvmr lfhs dm ulf kfturmzf dm hdmhf au tmlf, padml smr uthchzfdas past hts dm earms dhgmrmktms
5. Zmar`fkhzm as past hts pfrf mxprmssfr mxprmssfr fs rmcfàýms mktrm mcms 4. ^ar ghl, prharhzm fs hdmhfs/tmlfs lfhs rmcmvfktms uthchzfkda uthchzfkda mthqumtfs fdmshvfs
LF^F EAKEMHT]FC EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ulf lfkmhrf dm ar`fkhzfr vhsufclmktm m ca`heflmktm dhvmrsas dfdas dm dhgmrmktms kìvmhs dm ealpcmxhdfdm, pragukdhdfdm m fjstrfàåa. Mssf lfkmhrf lfhs ræphdf m bacìsthef dm vhsufchzfr as dfdas gfehchtf f ealprmmksåa dm hkgarlfàýms ealpcmxfs kas smus dhgmrmktms kìvmhs
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc rmfchzfr eakecusýms m cmvfktflmktas dm kavfs hkgarlfàýms f pfrthr dfs eacmtfdfs durfktm f gfsm dm cmvfktflmkta dm dfdas. È hlpartfktm, tfljèl, eala hkstrulmkta hkstrulmkta dm ealukhefàåa m eala jfsm pfrf f `mrfàåa dm hdmhfs
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Cmvfktm as sujtmlfs hlpartfktms rmcfehakfdas, rmcfehakfdas, dm dhvmrsfs lfkmhrfs, fa smu tmlf prhkehpfc m as ar`fkhzm par `rfu dm ealpcmxhdfdm/ pragukdhdfdm/fjstrfàåa :. ]thchzfkda past hts pashehakm a tmlf prhkehpfc ka emktra m, f pfrthr dmcm,
rmfchzm dmsdajrflmktas cõ`heas uthchzfkda as sujtmlfs cmvfktfdas m sufs rmcfàýms eal a tmlf prhkehpfc 5. Eakthkum rmfchzfkda dmsdajrflmktas dmsdajrflmktas ftè fcefkàfr a kìvmc dm mspmehghehdfdm dmsmifda
A UM@]KDA ^FUUA È UM F^ZAG]KDFZ, FHKDF LFHU, KFU KMEMUUHDFDMU DAU ECHMKTMU, J]UEFKDA CMWFKTFZ M FKFCHUFZ EMKÆZHAU DM FTMKDHLMKTA Î MUUFU DMLFKDFU
Lhkdsmt dm hkhehfktm
LHKDUMT DM HKHEHFKTM
DMUEZMWMKDA A TMZZHTÕZHA Mktmkdmr tadfs fs hkgarlfàýms mkvacvhdfs m mktmkdmr f cõ`hef pmcf qufc gukehakfl.
MR^CAZFKDA A TMZZHTÕZHA. Msthlucfr f qumjrf dm prmssupastas m f erhfàåa dm emkærhas fctmrkfthvas.
A V]M È1
A V]M EF]UA]1
^AZ V]M1 ^AZ V]M KÅA1
M UM... EALA ^ADMZÌFLAU1
M UM1 EALA ^ADMZÌFLAU1 EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ulf gmrrflmktf qum tml eala ajimthva msthlucfr f rmgcmxåa sajrm eala padmrìflas sacuehakfr shtufàýms prajcmlf qum aearrml ml dmtmrlhkfdfs eakdhàýms
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc trfksgarlfr as dmsfghas mkgrmktfdas pmcas echmktms ml rmgcmxýms –eala padmrìflas1“, msthlucfkda f ar`fkhzfàåa f rmgcmthr emkærhassajrm fs apartukhdfdms dm sacuàåa, saj f pmrspmethvf dm dhvmrsas
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Dmtmrlhkm as hksh`bts ajthdas f pfrthr df fkæchsm dfs hkgarlfàýms df hlmrsåa :. ^frf efdf efdf hksh`bt , mcfjarm pmr`uktfs –m sm1“ au –eala padmrìflas1“. Cmljrm dm kåa mcfjarfr –eala padmrìflas1“ luhta `mkèrheas
5. ^frf efdf pmr`uktf `mrfdf, rmgchtf sajrm passìvmhs passìvmhs sacuàýms
M UM1 - EALA ^ADMZÌFLAU1 HKUH@BT
M UM1 EALA ^ADMZÌFLAU1
…as echmktms kåa ealprfl/eaktrftfl rmfclmktm pradutas/smrvhàas? mcms as fcu`fl pfrf tmrml sufs tfrmgfs rmfchzfdfs Ecfytak Ebrhstmksmk Tbm Hkkavftar‘s Uacuthak
IAJU TA JM DAKM EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ulf gmrrflmktf qum tml eala ajimthva prhkehpfc praphehfr a mktmkdhlmkta dfs kmemsshdfdms das echmktms ml ehreukstêkehfs mspmeìghefs
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc dmghkhr sm`lmktas dm lmrefda m pfrf efdf sm`lmkta mktmkdmr qufhs dmvml smr fs dhrmtrhzms dm ftufàåa da km`õeha. ^frf efdf dmghkhàåa (echmktm + prajcmlf + ehreukstêkehf) dmvml smr erhfdfs dhrmtrhzmsdhgmrmktm dhgmrmktms
EALA GFYMZ1 6. ^frf dmtmrlhkfda echmktm da smu praduta au smrvhàa prmmkebf9 prmmkebf9 _A echmktm\ qumr _rmsacvmr ul prajcmlf\ _kmssf ehreukstêkehf\ :. Zmphtf a pfssa fktmrhar pfrf tadas as pmrghs dm echmktms rmcmvfktms 5. Fkfchsm m hdmkthghqum qufhs pmrghs jusefl rmsacvmr as lmslas
5. Fkfchsm m hdmkthghqum qufhs pmrghs jusefl rmsacvmr as lmslas prajcmlfs, kfs lmslfs ehreukstêkehfs m, fsshl, rmfchzm f sm`lmktfàåa da smu lmrefda 4. ^frf efdf sm`lmkta hdmkthghqum qufc è f dhrmtrhz dm ftufàåa f smr sm`uhdf
³ ³ dm åa ealprfl –^mssafs kmcms pacm`fdf, ealprfljraefs jurfeas dm dm dm pacm`fdf. F jraef fpmkfs è a lmcbar lmha dhspakìvmc pfrf tmr mstf kmemsshdfdm rmfchzfdf“
Tbmadarm Cmvhtt
DMGHKHÀFA DM IAJU F dmghkhàåa da Iaj fgmtf dhrmtflmktm eala f ar`fkhzfàåa pfssf f pmksfr suf ftufàåa. ^ar hssa, pfrf efdf dmghkhàåa dhgmrmktm, erhfl-sm dhrmtrhzms dhsthktfs dm ftmkdhlmkta fa echmktm
Vufc prajcmlf1
_A ECHMKTM\ V]MZ _ZMUACWMZ ]L ^ZAJCMLF\ _KMUUF EHZE]KUTÊKEHF\ Vuml è a jmkmghehfda eal f rmsacuàåa dm ul prajcmlf1
Vufc f shtufàåa mspmeìghef kf qufc a prajcmlf prmehsf smr rmsacvhda
DMGHKHÀFA DAU IAJU vs ^ZAD]TAU DHGMZMKTMU
DMUEZMWMKDA A TMZZHTÕZHA
UMZWHÀA FDMV]FDA
_A jrfshcmhra\ qumr _ealprfr ul chvra mdhtfda pfrf a Jrfshc\ _sml sfhr dm efsf\
_A larfdar caefc\ qumr _dmseajrhr eaktmùdas hktmrmssfktms\ _ka smu tmlpa chvrm\
_A jrfshcmhra\ qumr _pmsquhsfr ml værhas smjas f dhspakhjhchdfdm dm ul chvra usfda\ _sml tmr dm sfhr dm efsf\
_^msquhsfdar\ qumr _gfzmr pmsquhsfs ml ul `rfkdm kùlmra dm chvras mspmehfchzfdas\ _ml ul ùkhea cu`fr\
Wfrmia mcmtrôkhea pmrlhtm fa usuærha jusefr m ealprfr ulf flpcf `flf dm chvras sml tmr dm sfhr dm efsf.
@rfkdm caif eal mspfàa pfrf cmhturf, efgmtmrhf fcèl dfs hktmrlhkævmhs mstfktms eal as lfhs vfrhfdas tmlfs dm chvras, fcèl dm autras eaktmùdas eala EDs m
Zmdm ak-chkm dm smjas, pmrlhtm qum as ealprfdarms passfl, eal ulf ùkhef pmsquhsf ak-chkm, jusefr par ul chvra ml smjas dm tada a Jrfshc m
Ladmca trfdhehakfc dm jhjchatmef pùjchef. ]lf flpcf `flf dm chvras mspmehfchzfdas såa dhspakhjhchzfdas pfrf smr eaksuctfdas dmktra df jhjchatmef. ]lf
DWDs.
JFZZMHZFU FA EAKU]LA EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ulf gmrrflmktf qum tml eala ajimthva hdmkthghefr fs prhkehpfhs jfrrmhrfs qum hlpmdml a eaksula dm dmtmrlhkfda praduta au smrvhàa
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc pmksfr ml mstrftè`hfs pfrf mxpfkdhr au ladhghefr a lmrefda dm ftufàåa pfrf sm`lmktas kåa fthk`hdas, f pfrthr df rmfchzfàåa dm fàýms qum jusefl uctrfpfssfr fs jfrrmhrfs hdmkthghefdfs
EALA GFYMZ1 6. ^frf a smu praduta/smrvhàa, hdmkthghqum hdmkthghqum sm mxhstm ulf jfrrmhrf dm bfjhchdfdm, rhqumzf, tmlpa m femssa :. Hdmkthghqum f rmcmvêkehf da pùjchea qum kåa eaksalm smu praduta/smrvhàa praduta/smrv hàa dmvhda f efdf thpa dm jfrrmhrf fa eaksula
rmfchzfr f ealprf akdm febfr lfhs fdmqufda.
jhjchatmeærhf kf rmfchzfàåa dffiudf pmsquhsf
praduta/smrvhàa praduta/smrv hàa dmvhda f efdf thpa dm jfrrmhrf fa eaksula 5. Kas efsas ml qum a pùjchea gar rmcmvfktm, rmcmvfktm, pmksm ml fàýms pfrf eaktarkfr mssfs jfrrmhrfs
JFZZMHZFU FA EAKU]LA BFJHCHDFDMU JFZZMHZF A eaksula mxh`m ulf bfjhchdfdm mspmeìghef qum a eaksulhdar ml patmkehfc kåa passuì
DHEFU ^FZF HDMKTHGHEFZ 6.
Hdmkthghqum shtufà Hdmkthghqum shtufàýms ýms kf qufc qufc a eaksulhda eaksulhdarr tml qum pfssfr pfssfr par par ulf sèrhm sèrhm dm mtfpfs mtfpfs fktms qum a eaksula passf aearrmr. Fpaktm garlfs dm trfksgmrhr padmr fa eaksulhdar. Mxmlpca9 Mdhàåa m pujchefàåa dm chvras
:.
^radutas ^radut as qum kmemssht kmemsshtfl fl ulf `rfkdm `rfkdm qufkthd qufkthdfdm fdm dm tmlpa tmlpa pfrf pfrf qum sm passf passf fprmkdmr f usæ-cas. Mxmlpca9 Whdma`flm
MRML^CAU
JFZZMHZFU FA EAKU]LA ZHV]MYF JFZZMHZF A eaksulhdar patmkehfc kåa passuh padmr dm ealprf pfrf fdquhrhr a praduta au smrvhàa
DHEFU ^FZF HDMKTHGHEFZ 6.
Um`lmktm as smus Um`lmktm smus lmrefdas lmrefdas dmktra dmktra dm ulf phrêlh phrêlhdm dm dm eaksula eaksula m hdmkthg hdmkthghqum hqum sm fs sacuàýms mxhstmktms passuml ulf pmkmtrfàåa pmqumkf kfs eflfdfs hkgmrharms. Mxmlpca9 Femssa dfs pmqumkfs mlprmsfs fas efkfhs trfdhehakfhs dm pujchehdfdm fktms df gmrrflmktf @aa`cm FdPards
MRML^CAU
JFZZMHZFU FA EAKU]LA TML^A JFZZMHZF Eaksulhr a praduta talf lfhs tmlpa da qum a eaksulhdar ml patmkehfc mstæ dhspasta f `fstfr
DHEFU ^FZF HDMKTHGHEFZ 6.
Fvfchm as lathvas Fvfchm lathvas qum cmvfrfl cmvfrfl pmssafs pmssafs f dmshsthr dmshsthr df ealprf ealprf dm pradutas. pradutas. Mxmlpca Mxmlpca99 `rfkdm qufkthdfdm dm pmssafs dmshstm dm rmfchzfr eursas dm `rfdufàåa m põs`rfdufàåa par hlpasshjhchdfdm dm fsshsthr îs fucfs prmsmkehfhs
:.
Fvfchm f qufkthdfdm Fvfchm qufkthdfdm dm tmlpa qum qum a eaksulhdar eaksulhdar prmehsf prmehsf hkvmsth hkvmsthrr pfrf ftufchzfr ftufchzfr pfrf pfrf f ùcthlf vmrsåa da praduta. Mxmlpca9 Hlpcfktfàåa dm kavfs vmrsýms dm Uhstmlfs hktm`rfdas dm @mståa
MRML^CAU
JFZZMHZFU FA EAKU]LA FEMUUA JFZZMHZF A eaksula è chlhtfda f ul eaktmxta au shtufàåa mspmeìgheas
DHEFU ^FZF HDMKTHGHEFZ 6.
Hdmkthghqum shtufà Hdmkthghqum shtufàýms ýms ml qum a echmkt echmktmm `astfrhf `astfrhf dm eaksulhr eaksulhr a smu praduta praduta m kåa kåa padm. Mxmlpca9 Eacaefàåa dm læquhkfs dm rmgrh`mrfktm m dm ealprfs dm chvra ka lmtra
:.
Hdmkthghqum pradut Hdmkthghqum pradutas as au smrvhàa smrvhàass qum mxhstml mxhstml lfs kåa kåa mståa mståa fa fcefkem fcefkem da eaksulhdar ghkfc. Mxmlpca9 Dhspakhjhchzfàåa dm vìdmas flfdarms kf hktmrkmt par lmha dm partfhs eala Xautujm m Whlma
MRML^CAU
= ^MZ@]KT ^MZ@]KTFU FU LATHWFDAZFU Fs = pmr`uktfs lathvfl ulf mquhpm f gfzmr qumsthakflmktas mstruturfdas sajrm a smrvhàa m lathvfkda ul pmksflmkta garf df efhxf. Um a `rupa kåa sm smkthr sm`ura pfrf rmspakdmr f tadfs îs qumstýms, mcm padmræ rmfchzfr ulf pmsquhsf lfhs fpragukdfdf usfkda gmrrflmktfs pfrf hlmrsåa ka eaktmxta m sìktmsm dm hksh`bts sajrm a echmktm.
6
Vufc prajcmlf gukdflmktfc a echmktm mstæ tmktfkda rmsacvmr1
:
Vum ajimthvas ajimthvas as echmktms usfl pfrf fvfchfr sacuàýms1
5
Vum jfrrmhrfs jfrrmhrfs chlhtfl f sacuàåa1
4
Vum darms darms as echmktms eakvhvml eakvhvml au qum sacuàýms sacuàýms fctmrkfthvfs as echmktms eakshdmrfl1 fctmrkfthvfs
=
Vum apartukhdfdms apartukhdfdms mxhstml pfrf sacuàýms hkavfdarfs1
^AZ GHL, A ÙCTHLA ^FUUA È ZMFCHYFZ A ZMMKV]FDZFLMKTA ZMMKV]FDZFLMKT A DA ^ZAJCMLF
TPMMT DA DMUFGHA EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ulf gmrrflmktf qum tmlvhàa. eala ajimthva ealukhefr a dmsfgha f smr ftmkdhda pmca praduta/smrvhàa. praduta/smr F hdmhf è msermvmr a dmsfgha ml ulf grfsm eurtf, lfs qum eaktmlpcm as prhkehpfhs paktas da prajcmlf
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc ealukhefr a dmsfgha dm lfkmhrf shlpcms, pmrlhthkda qum f mquhpm a lmlarhzm gfehclmktm. Fsshl, tarkf-sm ul padmrasa hkstrulmkta dm mk`fiflmkta m lathvfàåa
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Dmghkf a echmktm echmktm gaea :. Dmghkf fs kmemsshdfdms dmssm echmktm gaea 5. Dmghkf a eaktmxta ka qufc fs kmemsshdfdm kmemsshdfdm da echmktm gaea sur`ml
4. Msermvf a twmmt da dmsfgha
TPMMT DA DMUFGHA
86
MTF^F
@MZFZ HDMHFU
HDMFÀÅA
EAEZHFZ EAKEMHTAU
UMCMEHAKFZ UAC]ÀÝMU ^ZALHUUAZFU
EFLHKBA
EAKTMRTA M HKTMKÀÅA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ M F^ZMKDMZ
DHWMZ@HZ ^FZF EAKWMZ@HZ È kmemssærha rmeakbmemr fs efrfetmrìs efrfetmrìsthefs thefs dm efdf ulf dfs mtfpfs da praemssa dm Dmsmkba da Umrvhàa m uthchzfr gmrrflmktfs gmrrflmktfs fdmqufdfs f efdf lalmkta
DHWMZ@HZ
EAKWMZ@HZ
EZHFZ
GFYMZ
MUEACBFU
MUEACBFU
MUEFCFZ
JZFHKUTAZLHK@ EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 Èdmulf gmrrflmktf qumm tml eala `mrfàåa dm ]l `rupa pmssafs è rmukhda f pfrthr dmajimthva fc`ulfsfdhkêlhefs ashdmhfs. hktm`rfktms dmssm `rupa såa msthlucfdas f `mrfr hdmhfs sajrm ul dmtmrlhkfda tmlf
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc cmvfktfr ulf `rfkdm qufkthdfdm dm hdmhfs, pravmkhmktms dm pmssafs eal vhsýms dhgmrmktms qum, par hssa, trfzml pmrspmethvfs dhgmrmktms pfrf a lmsla prajcmlf
EALA GFYMZ1 6. ^rmpfrm f smssåa, rmukhkda ul `rupa jfstfktm dhvmrshghefda, dhvmrshghefda, prmpfrfkda a tmlf f smr dhseuthda, mkvhfkda lftmrhfc f smr mstudfda prmvhflmktm m pcfkmifkda eala smræ f dhkêlhef da jrfhkstarlhk` :. Ka dhf df smssåa, mxpchehtm a ajimthva, ajimthva, gfàf ul jrmvm mxmreìeha dm
fqumehlmkta, uthchzm dhkêlhefs pfrf hkemkthvfr f `mrfàåa dm hdmhfs m rm`hstrm dm lfkmhrf ræphdf tadfs fs hdmhfs `mrfdfs 5. Umcmehakm, ml eakiukta eal as pfrthehpfktms, fs hdmhfs f smrml dmsmkvacvhdfs (pfrf hssa, vaeé padm uthchzfr mthqumtfs fdmshvfs). Um kmemssærha ealjhkm au dmtfcbm fs hdmhfs
DHEFU ^FZF ]L JZFHKUTAZLHK@ ^ZAHJHZ I]C@FLMKTAU è hlpartfktm sfjmr smpfrfr f `mrfàåa dm hdmhfs df smcmàåa dm hdmhfs. Durfktm a jrfhkstarlhk`, kåa sm dmvm fkfchsfr m erhthefr autrfs hdmhfs, pahs hssa fefjf rmduzhkda a patmkehfc erhfthva da warosbap?
MKEAZFIFZ KÅA ]U]FHU Fs hdmhfs lfhs HDMHFU hkavfdarfs kåa såa fs hdmhfs h dmhfs ealuks, par hssa è hlpartfktm mkearfifr fs hdmhfs lfhs lhrfjacfktms?
EALJHKFZ HDMHFU Fs hdmhfs fktmrharms dmvml smrvhr dm eakstruàåa pfrf fs kavfs, ca`a mcfs dmvml smr mserhtfs dm garlf ecfrf m vhsìvmc pfrf tadas. Fs lmcbarms hdmhfs smlprm vél df ealjhkfàýms dm autrfs hdmhfs?
J]EFU V]FKTHDFDM
A ajimthva da warosbap è ajtmr a lfhar kùlmra dm hdmhfs passìvmc, pahs mssm è a eflhkba pfrf mkeaktrfr fs lmcbarms?
LFKTMZ ]LF ÙKHEF EAKWMZUF Mvhtm eakvmrsfs pfrfcmcfs. Lfktmkbf tadas eal ul lmsla gaea, m a kùlmra m qufchdfdm dfs hdmhfs smråa lfharms?
GAEFZ KA ^ZHKEH^FC
Kåa pmref tmlpa eal as dmtfcbms df hdmhf. Efpturm f mssékehf dfs hdmhfs m eakthkum `mrfkda kavfs
AU 7 EBF^È]U DA ^MKUFLMKTA EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ulf gmrrflmktf tml eala ajimthva msthlucfr f `mrfàåa dm hdmhfs m fuxhchfr kf talfdfqum dm dmehsåa, fa mxpcarfr pmrspmethvfs dhgmrmktms (mstfdas mlaehakfhs m chkbfs dm pmksflmkta). F hdmhf è, jfsheflmktm, acbfr ulf shtufàåa au dmsfgha ealpcmxa saj fs pmrspmethvfs das 7 Ebfpèus da ^mksflmkta
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc erhfr pmksflmktas lfhs erhfthvas m eal lùcthpcfs pmrspmethvfs. Fcèl dhssa, msthlucf f ealukhefàåa, fulmktf f eakemktrfàåa dm quml mstæ pfrthehpfkda df dhseussåa m rmduz a lmda dm mxpar as smus rmfhs pmksflmktas
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Fpõs smcmehakfr a tmlf qum dmsmif fpchefr f gmrrflmktf, rmùkf ul `rupa lucthdhsehpchkfr lucthdhsehpchkfr qum hræ pfrthehpfr df dhseussåa :. Dhvhdf as pfrthehpfktms ml pmqumkas `rupas dm 4 f 2 pmssafs m mseacbf
ul pfrthehpfktm pfrf fssulhr a pfpmc dm gfehchtfdar (Ebfpèu Fzuc) 5. Dmghkf ulf ardml kf qufc as ebfpèus ebfpèus smråa uthchzfdas 4. @frfktf qum fs dhseussýms qum feaktmemrml durfktm fs uthchzfàýms das Ebfpèus smråa rm`hstrfdfs
DMTFCBFLMKTA DAU FTZHJ]TAU EBF^È] JZFKEA
EBF^È] FY]C
Jrfkea è kmutra m ajimthva. A ebfpèu jrfkea mstæ prmaeupfda eal gftas ajimthvas m kùlmras
Fzuc rmlmtm fa grmsear m è, tfljèl, f ear da eèu, qum mstæ fehlf dm tuda. A ebfpèu fzuc dhz rmspmhta f eaktracm, f ar`fkhzfàåa da praemssa dm pmksflmkta m fa usa das autras 7 ebfpèus
EBF^È] FLFZMCA
EBF^È] WMZDM
Flfrmca è f ear da sac m rmlmtm î pashthvhdfdm. A ebfpèu flfrmca dhz rmspmhta f pashthvhdfdm m fjrfk`m mspmrfkàf m pmksflmktas pashthvas
Wmrdm è `rflf, vm`mtfàåa, fjukdêkehf m gmrthchdfdm. A ebfpèu vmrdm hkdhef erhfthvhdfdm m kavfs hdmhfs
EBF^È] ^ZMTA
EBF^È] WMZLMCBA
^rmta saljrha m sèrha. A ebfpèu prmta èhkdhef pasturf efutmcasf m euhdfdasf. Fpaktf fs grfqumzfs dm ulf hdmhf
Wmrlmcba rmlmtm f rfhvf, gùrhftrfz m a mlaàýms. A ebfpèu vmrlmcba pakta dm vhstf dfs mlaàýms m smkthlmktas
DMTFCBFLMKTA DAU ^FUUAU 6. Dmghkf ul tmlf pfrf a qufc smræ fpchefda a Uhx Tbhkohk` Bfts Bfts m smcmehakm ul `rupa dm 4 f 8 pmssafs :. Umcme Umcmehakm hakm ul gfeh gfehchtfd chtfdar ar 5. Umcmehakm ul rmspaksævmc par fkatfr fs dhseussýms au garkmàf past-hts past-hts pfrf efdf pmssaf 4. A gfehchtfdar pmrlfkmem kmutra durfktm f fthvhdfdm fthvhdfdm m uthchzf uthchzf a ebfpèu FY]C =. Tadas as pfrthehpfktms, pfrthehpfktms, lmkas lmkas a gfehchtfdar, gfehchtfdar, uthchzfl a ebfpèu
DMTFCBFLMKTA DAU ^FUUAU 7. Tadas Tadas as pfrtheh pfrthehpfk pfktms tms,, lmkas lmkas a gfehchtf gfehchtfdar dar,, uthchzf uthchzfl l a ebfpèu ebfpèu WMZLMCBA 0. Tad Tadas as as pfrtheh pfrthehpfk pfktms tms,, lmkas lmkas a gfehchtf gfehchtfdar dar,, uthchzf uthchzfl l a ebfpèu ebfpèu ^ZMTA 2. Tadas Tadas as pfrtheh pfrthehpfk pfktms tms,, lmkas lmkas a gfehchtf gfehchtfdar dar,, uthchzf uthchzfl l a ebfpèu ebfpèu FLFZMCA 8. Tad Tadas as as pfrtheh pfrthehpfk pfktms tms,, lmkas lmkas a gfehchtf gfehchtfdar dar,, uthchzf uthchzfl l a ebfpèu ebfpèu WMZDM 6>. Mxtrfhr eakecusýms eakecusýms f pfrthr pfrthr dfs fkatfàýms fkatfàýms au das past-hts m dhseuthr as prõxhla pfssas
KMTPAZO EZHFTHWA EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 Eakshstm kf eaksuctf pmssafs eal m pmksflmktas pfrf dmjftmr hdmhfs mfeakbmemr smus pmrghs paktas dm vhstf sajrm dhgmrmktms dmtmrlhkfdas tmlfs
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc, fa vhsufchzfr m mktmkdmr paktas dm vhstf dhgmrmktms, `mrfr ul `rfkdm kùlmra dm kavfs hdmhfs qum fjrfk`ml pmrspmethvfs dhsthktfs
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Gfàf ulf chstf dm pmssafs qum vaeé eakbmem eal pmrghs pmrghs tatfclmktm dhgmrmktms (gfhxf mtærhf, ecfssm saehfc, garlfàåa, mte)
:. Lfrqum mkeaktras hkgarlfhs hkgarlfhs eal mstfs pmssafs pfrf dmjftmr hdmhfs m eakbmemr smus paktas dm vhstf 5. Fsshstf f eaktmùdas dhgmrmktms. dhgmrmktms. A TMD è ul mxmlpca dm pmssafs dhgmrmktms mxpakda hdmhfs gfktæsthefs 4. Ealmem ulf ealukhdfdm erhfthvf eal mkeaktras pmrhõdheas. pmrhõdheas. Eakvhdm pmssafs dm garf pfrf `mrfr kavfs hdmhfs au rmghkfr fs mxhstmktms
Fulmktm tmsmu rmpmrtõrha
J]UHKMUU LADMC EFKWFU EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ulf gmrrflmktf dhkêlhef m gcmxìvmc qum kas fuxhchf f pmksfr sajrm ul km`õeha. È ealpasta par 8 dhlmksýms ebfvm qum iuktfs pmrpfssfl par tadas as êljhtas dm mstruturfàåa dm ul km`õeha
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc mstruturfr dm lfkmhrf dhkêlhef ulf hdmhf dm km`õeha. È ulf gmrrflmktf mxtrmlflmktm htmrfthvf m gcmxìvmc, qum padm smr gfehclmktm rmladmcfdf m `mrf vfchasas hksh`bts m qumsthakflmktas sajrm a km`õeha ml fkæchsm
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Umcmehakm ul `rupa dhvmrshghefda dhvmrshghefda pfrf mcfjarfr a JLE, f dhvmrshdfdm dm pmrspmethvfs mktrm fs pmssafs trfz rajustmz î dhseussåa da ladmca
dm km`õeha :. Dhseutf eal a `rupa a eaktmùda eaktmùda dm efdf mtfpf da JLE. Durfktm f dhseussåa, a hdmfc è qum sm eacaqum m thrm fs hdmhfs da qufdra, iæ qum a JLE dmvm mstfr smlprm ml eakstruàåa (pfrf hssa, uthchzm past hts) 5. Eaksachdm fs hkgarlfàýms m dhvuc`um a rmsuctfda, iæ qum ul das `rfkdms `fkbas da ladmca è ealukhefr gfehclmktm f hdmhf
A V]M È ]L LADMCA DM KM@ÕEHAU1 EALA V]ML
eala a vfcar `mrfda è mktrm`um1
quml è a lmu echmktm1
A V]M Vufc f lhkbf prapastf dm vfcar
V]FKTA
Eala f mlprmsf `fkbf dhkbmhra1
J]UHKMUU LADMC EFKWFU ^FZEMHZAU
FTHWHDFDMU EBFWM
ZME]ZUA EBFWM
^ZA^AUTF DM WFCAZ
ZMCFEHAKFLM KTAU EAL ECHMKTMU
EFKFHU DM DHUTZHJ]HÀÅA
UM@LMKTAU DM ECHMKTMU
E]UTAU
ZMEMHTFU
EFKWFU DM ^ZA^AUHÀÅA DM WFCAZ EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ulf gmrrflmktf qum tml eala ajimthva mktmkdmr lfhs dmtfcbfdflmktm dmtfcbfdflmk tm fs rmcfàýms mktrm fs dufs dhlmksýms da JLE qum, dm gfta, garlfl a earfàåa da ladmca dm km`õeha9 sm`lmkta dm echmktms (pfrf quml1) m prapastf dm vfcar (a qué1)
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc gfehchtfr a praemssa dm ealprmmksåa das sm`lmktas dm echmktms m, fsshl, shlpchghefr shlpchghefr a praemssa dm erhfàåa dm pradutas pradutas m smrvhàas qum sm mkefhxml eal a qum as echmktms dmsmifl
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Hkhehm pmca prmmkebhlmkta da cfda da echmktm. ^rmmkebf, prhlmhrflmktm, prhlmhrflmktm, as Iajs qum a echmktm qumr rmsacvmr. Dmpahs prmmkebf fs darms qum a echmktm mkgrmktf fa tmktfr rmsacvmr mssms Iajs. ^ar ghl prmmkebf as
`fkbas qum a echmktm qumr fcefkàfr :. Ka cfda df prapastf dm vfcar, prmmkebf prhlmhrflmktm prhlmhrflmktm f chstf dm pradutas m smrvhàas ml tarka das qufhs f prapastf è eakstruìdf. Dmpahs prmmkebf as fchvhfdarms dm darms da e chmktm. ^ar ghl, prmmkebf as `mrfdarms dm `fkbas 5. ]thchzm past hts pfrf rmfchzfr rmfchzfr fs mtfpfs 6 m :
EFKWFU DM ^ZA^AUHÀÅA DM WFCAZ @MZFDAZMU DM @FKBAU
^ZAD] TAU M UMZWHÀ AU
@FKBAU
IAJU DA EAKU]LHDAZ
DAZMU FCHWHFDAZMU DM DAZMU
DMUH@K DFMR^MZHékehf
MR^MZHMKEHFU DMWML UMZ TF@HJHCHYFDFU Eala ul batmc cmljrf fa echmktm da trfjfcba df frrulfdmhrf frrulfdmhrf ka jfkbmhra
Lmsla eal ul praemssa dm ealprf m mktrm`f ealpcmtflmktm futalfthzfda, f Flfzak usf f suf efhxf pfrf hkecuhr ul sarrhsa ka ftmkdhlmkta fa echmktm
Efrtåa dm rmealpmksfs9 cmljrf qum a rmcfehakflmkta dm cak`a prfza eal f lfref træs dmseaktas mspmehfhs
... Au mcm hræ sm cmljrfr da smrvhàa fpmkfs kf barf ml qum rmemjmr f eaktf f pf`fr1
GHKFKEMHZF LADMCF@ML EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È ulf gmrrflmktf qum dmsthkf-sm f vmrhghefr f vhfjhchdfdm ghkfkemhrf df hdmhf qum mstæ smkda fkfchsfdf, par lmha df fkæchsm dm hkdhefdarms m fkæchsms dm smkshjhchdfdm
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc dmghkhr sm f hdmhf è vhævmc au kåa ghkfkemhrflmktm, ghkfkemhrflmkt m, fcèl dm passhjhchtfr f dmghkhàåa dm fc`uks pfrêlmtras ghkfkemhras pfrf qum a km`õeha smif sustmktævmc
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Dmghkf fs gaktms dm rmemhtf m as prhkehpfhs prhkehpfhs eustas m dmspmsfs da km`õeha
:. Dmghkf vfcarms dm hkvmsthlmkta kmemssærhas pfrf a km`õeha m dmtfcbfkda qufkthfs dm hkvmsthlmkta qum iæ mstmifl `frfkthdfs 5. ^raimtm tadas as vfcarms dmghkhdas ka tmlpa, `mrfkda a DZM m a Gcuxa dm Efhxf 4. Efceucm hkdhefdarms ghkfkemhras ghkfkemhras m rmfchzm fkæchsms dm smkshjhchdfdm
MTF^F
UMCMEHAKFZ A V]M ^ZATATH^FZ
TMUTFZ M F^ZMKDMZ
DMUMKWACWMZ ^ZATÕTH^AU
EACMTFZ GMMDJFEOU
EFLHKBA
MEAKTMRTA HKTMKÀÅA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TMUTFZ M F^ZMKDMZ
TAZKFZ ZMFC
CMFK UTFZT]^ HDMHFU F^ZMKDMZ
EAKUTZ]HZ
LHKHLHYM A TML^A TATFC MKTZM EFDF CAA^
DFDAU
^ZAD]TA
MUEFCFZ
LMDHZ
LF^F DM EZÌTHEFU BH^ ÕTMUMU EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È a cmvfktflmkta dfs bhpõtmsms da smu ladmca dm km`õehas qum smråa tmstfdfs ka lmrefda, ar`fkhzfdfs dm fearda eal trés dhlmksýms9 vhfjhchdfdm meakôlhef, mxmquhjhchdfdm mxmquhjhchdfdm tèekhef m fdmrékehf df sacuàåa î kmemsshdfdm
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc vmrhghefr sm a smu praduta mstæ lfdura a sughehmktm pfrf smr eacaefda ml præthef, fdmqufkda-a îs mxh`ékehfs da lmrefda eakgarlm fs bhpõtmsms garml eakghrlfdfs au kåa
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Mcfjarm bhpõtmsms fghrlfthvfs fghrlfthvfs sajrm a smu praduta, qum padmrhfl smr
tmstfdfs ka lmrefda :. Ar`fkhzm fs bhpõtmsms cmvfktfdfs dm fearda eal fs dhlmksýms ehtfdfs fehlf 5. Zmvhsm fs bhpõtmsms kåa eakghrlfdfs eakghrlfdfs fpõs f rmfchzfàåa das tmstms, mcfjarfkda kavfs m tmstfkda kavflmktm
A CMWFKTFLMKTA DM BH^ÕTMUMU DMWM EAKTML^CFZ DHWMZUFU DHLMKUÝMU KM@ÕEHA/ HKUTHT]HÀÅA (vhævmc)
Hkavfàåa Mlaehakfc
Hkavfàåa dm Umrvhàa
Hkavfàåa dm ^raemssa
^MUUAFU (dmsmiævmc)
TMEKACA@HF (mxmqu ìvmc)
Hkavfàåa Gukehakfc
A CMWFKTFLMKTA DM BH^ÕTMUMU DMWM EAKTML^CFZ DHWMZUFU DHLMKUÝMU KM@ÕEHA/ HKUTHT]HÀÅA (vhævmc)
5- A km`õeha bfjhchtfda pmcf sacuàåa è vhævmc1
^MUUAFU (dmsmiævmc)
TMEKACA@HF (mxmqu ìvmc)
6- F sacuàåa è fdmrmktm îs
:- F sacuàåa è mxmquìvmc
kmemsshdfdms da smu eaksulhdar1
da pakta dm vhstf tmekacõ`hea1
LF^F DM BH^ÕTMUMU EZÌTHEFU
WHFJHCHDFDM MEAKÔLHEF
MRMV]HJHCHDFDM TÈEKHEF
FDMZÉKEHF DF UAC]ÀÅA
LHKHL]L WHFJCM LW^ H ^ZAD]ET EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
A V]M È1 È a Lìkhla ^raduta Whævmc qum f mlprmsf hræ uthchzfr pfrf tmstfr ul eakiukta dm bhpõtmsms da smu ladmca dm km`õeha. Fa smr dhspakhjhchzfda ka lmrefda, a praduta tmræ suf vhfjhchdfdm eacaefdf ml tmstm, padmkda smr fpravfda au kåa pmca pùjchea
^AZ V]M GFYMZ1 Eal mssf gmrrflmktf è passìvmc fdmqufr a smu praduta dm fearda eal as rmsuctfdas das tmstms, vhsfkda ftmkdmr îs kmemsshdfdms rmfhs da echmktm m pmremjmkda sm f suf hdmhf hræ `mrfr dmlfkdf
EALA GFYMZ1 6. Dmghkf ul rafdlfp dm LW^s pfrf tmstfr fs bhpõtmsms cmvfktfdfs ka
Lfpf dm Bhpõtmsms, uthchzfkda prhlmhra fs prharhtærhfs :. Mcfjarm ul ladmca dm fprmsmktfàåa da smu LW^, lfhs fdmqufda pfrf a smu pùjchea, ka eala par mxmlpca9 vìdma, pæ`hkf kf hktmrkmt, fprmsmktfàåa pawmrpahkt 5. Tmstm fs bhpõtmsms dm smu LW^ ka lmrefda (gfsm dm Mxpmrhlmktas) Mxpmrhlmktas)
MUTZ]T]ZFKDA ]L ZAFDLF^ DM LW^ns • •
LW^-6
LW^-:
Wìdma dmlakstrfthva
Wmrsåa fcgf da sagtwfrm
F usfjhchdfdm da praduta è hktuhthvf1 Vum fiustms prmehsfl smr gmhtas1
LW^-GHKFC 6¹ cfkàflmkta
• •
F agmrtf è ftrfmktm1
•
As usuærhas mståa dhspastas f pf`fr a kassa prmàa1 Mståa dhspastas f hkdhefr a
•
Mxhstml echmktms hktmrmssfdas1
•
praduta f smus flh`as1 È passìvmc lfktmr f qufchdfdm eal ml cfr`f msefcf1
Bhpõtmsm f smr tmstfdf9 tmstfdf9 fs pmssafs hråa sm hktmrmssfr par shkerakhzfr as smu frquhvas LW^9 Wìdma lastrfkda ulf shtufàåa bhpatèthef kf qufc f shkerakhzfàåa smrhf ùthc
Lètrhef usfdf ka tmstm9qum qufkthdfdm dm pmssafs echefrfl ka chko pfrf sm hksermvmr Zmsuctfda Ajthda9 Df kahtm pfrf a dhf, f chstf dm hkserhtas pfrf
a dhf, f chstf dm hkserhtas pfrf jmtf-tmsthk` ebm`au f 0= lhc pmssafs ― sughehmktm pfrf eakvmkemr hkvmsthdarms
Bhpõtmsm f smr tmstfdf9 tmstfdf9 ^mssafs ealprfråa sfpftas ak-chkm (sml mxpmrhlmktæ-cas!) LW^9 Thrfr gatas dm sfpftas LW^9 vmkdhdas ml ulf caif gìshef rmfc m eacaefr f vmkdf kf hktmrkmt. Vufkda as sfpftas mrfl ealprfdas f mquhpm thkbf dm ealprfr a ladmca kf caif gìshef Lètrhef usfda9 Vufkthdfdm dm ealprfs rmfchzfdfs Zmsuctfda9 Fs ealprfs
rmfclmktm feaktmemrfl, ealpravfkda qum fs pmssafs mstfrhfl dhspastfs f gfzmr ealprfs ak-chkm
CHUTF DM MR^MZHLMKTAU ^FZF TMUTFZ ]LF HDMHF Mxpmrhlmktas Mxpmrhlmk tas Fkfcìtheas Tmcmgakmlf fa s f r a B
Mxpmrt
Mxpmrhlmktas dm Lmrefda
Ladmca 4^ 6
Gukhc dm Fquhshàåa dm Echmktms
:
Zmgcmxåa jfsmfdf ml emkærhas 5
4
. . .
M D M Ý ^ U H D É E A W M U
Tmstm dm Whfjhchdfdm Mspmeìghef s f h D
Tmstm dm ]sfjhchdfdm 0
Dmso Zmsmfreb
2
^cfkhcbf Ghkfkemhrf =
7
Km`aehfàåa eal Utfombacdmrs
8
s f k f l m U
Cfkdhk` ^f`m ^ratathpfàåa df mxpmrhékehf dm ealprf 6:
LADMCA 4^ EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
DMUEZHÀÅA È ul lètada pfrf efceucfr f pmkmtrfàåa kmemssærhf pfrf ebm`fr f ulf lmtf dm rmemhtf. ^rhlmhrflmktm, dmghkm-sm mssf lmtf. ^frf fthk`h-cf, lucthpchef-sm shluctfkmflmktm shluctfkmflmk tm f ^apucfàåa (kùlmra dm echmktms ml patmkehfc), a ^rmàa da ^raduta, f Grmquékehf dm Ealprf m dmtmrlhkf-sm f Tfxf dm ^mkmtrfàåa kmemssærhf pfrf ebm`fr f lmtf mstfjmcmehdf
D]ZFÀÅA ]l mxmreìeha shlpcms da ladmca 4^ padm smr rmfchzfda ml fc`uks lhkutas. ^arèl, efsa smif kmemssærha tmr dfdas lfhs eakghævmhs, f mxmeuàåa padm dmlarfr fc`ulfs barfs, fcak`fkda a mxpmrhlmkta
ZMEALMKDFÀ ÝMU
Erawdgukdhk` 6>
6. Dmghkf a lmrefda a lfhs mstrmhta passìvmc, aptfkda par ul emkærha
66
^hcata Apmrfehakfc 65
lfhs eaksmrvfdar :. A prmàa m f grmquékehf dm ealprf padml smr lmcbar lmcbar mstfjmcmehdas fa sm ealpfrfr eal pradutas qum tmkbfl fc`ulf shlhcfrhdfdm 5. Fvfchm sm f pmkmtrfàåa kmemssærhf kmemssærhf fa fcefkem df lmtf è gfetìvmc tmkda ml vhstf f rmfchdfdm m f mstrftè`hf qum vaeé mstæ fssulhkda 4. Ealpfrfr a rmsuctfda ajthda eal km`õeha km`õeha shlhcfrms pmrlhtm fulmktfr f sm`urfkàf ml rmcfàåa fas rmsuctfdas mkeaktrfdas
^A^]CFÀÅA R ^MKMTZFÀÅA R ^ZMÀA R ^MZHADHEHDFDM DM EAL^ZF < ZM
MHT
DM ECHMKTMU G]KHC DM FV]HUHÀÅA EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
DMUEZHÀÅA F eakstruàåa da Gukhc dm Fquhshàåa dm Echmktms è ul mxmreìeha ka qufc tadas as pfssas rmfchzfdas pmca echmktm såa shlucfdas, dmsdm a sur`hlmkta df kmemsshdfdm dm uthchzfr dmtmrlhkfda smrvhàa au praduta ftè f kmemsshdfdm smr suprhdf, cmvfkda-sm ml eakshdmrfàåa as stfombacdmrs mkvacvhdas ml efdf mtfpf
D]ZFÀÅA ^ar sm trftfr dm ul mxmreìeha rmcfthvflmktm shlpcms, f eakstruàåa da Gukhc dm Fquhshàåa padm smr rmfchzfdf ml ulf au dufs barfs
ZMEALMKDFÀ ÝMU
6. Vumstýms pfrf rmgcmxåa rmgcmthdfs durfktm durfktm f erhfàåa da gukhc9
• Eala a echmktm hræ pmremjmr f kmemsshdfdm dm fdquhrhr a praduta au
• • • •
uthchzfr da smrvhàa1 Eala a echmktm hræ talfr f dmehsåa dm ealprf1 Akdm a echmktm hræ rmemjmr a praduta au akdm a smrvhàa smræ prmstfda1 Eala sm dfræ f trfksfàåa pfrf a pf`flmkta1 A qum feaktmem fpõs a eaksula1
:. È passìvmc cmvfktfr bhpõtmsms mspmeìghefs sajrm a ealpartflmkta ealpartflmkta da eaksulhdar ml efdf mtfpf, durfktm f eakstruàåa da Gukhc dm Fquhshàåa
G]KHC DM FV]HUHÀF FV]HUHÀFA A DM ECHMKTMU 6>% das qum mxpmrhlmktfl a pcfka `rftuhtflmktm vhrfl pf`fktms (:=:)
Hkdhefàåa dm flh`as (6% df jfsm < 6=>> kavas vhshtfktms par dhf)
(:>>.>>> kavas vhshtfktms par dhf) Trægm`a da shtm df Flfzak (=>.>>> kavas vhshtfktms par dhf) @aa`cm Fdwards (6=.>>> kavas vhshtfktms par dhf) Uhtms dm chvras (:=.>>> kavas vhshtfktms par dhf) Autrfs gaktms
m t h s a k s ) > m t > k = . f t h 6 8 s h ( : v s a v a K
=>% vactfl f ealprfr (:>4>)
r f s e m s ý u à j f f l r f r a p g f k h ` s m h v f f l K
=>% das kavas vhshtfktms (:>4.>=>)
6% df jfsm mxpmrhlmktf mxpmrhlmktf a pcfka lmksfc `rftuhtflmktm (6=>>)
ª 6 f f r p z h c f l m a e Z
Ealprf rm`ucfrlmktm (jfsm dm 6=> lhc echmktms) + (ermsehlmkta dm 604> par dhf)
]U$ 60 (p/ ealprf) :% das qum kfvm`fl rmfchzfl f 6ª ealprf (4>26)
]U$ 2,= (p/ lés) >,:% df jfsm Dmhxf dm ealprfr (-5>> par dhf)
c ) f f f s h t d k k m m r l l a h r a p m k > f : p c x p = : M a (
+ ) ) f h c s d f m t r s a k k p m f k > l h s = : a s k f m > f > d c p > a . a = t k f 6 m k m h d e s l h s m s F s m f r e j ( (
]U$ :5
(p/ lés)
>,2% Efkemcf a pcfka lmksfc f efdf dhf (:)
ÅA JFUMFD ZMGCMR JFUMFDF ML EMKÆZHAU EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
DMUEZHÀÅA Mstm mxpmrhlmkta è ul mxmreìeha dm fkæchsm df hdmhf saj f pmrspmethvf dm tadas as ftarms qum smråa fgmtfdas, hkecuhkda echmktm, eakearrmktms m garkmemdarms, hlf`hkfkda emkærhas eal rmfàýms pcfusìvmhs fa cfkàflmkta df hdmhf
D]ZFÀÅA F hlf`hkfàåa dm ul emkærha kåa dmvm dmlfkdfr luhta tmlpa. Mxmreìehas eal durfàåa læxhlf dm dufs barfs eastulfl smr praduthvas. F pfrthr dfì, qufkta lfhs hkvmsthlmkta ml tmlpa, lmkar padm smr a rmtarka, dmvhda î erhfàåa dm emkærhas luhta saghsthefdas
ZMEALMKDFÀ ÝMU
6. A mxpmrhlmkta sm tarkf lfhs mghefz qufkda aearrm ml `rupa, mkvacvmkda pmssafs eal dhgmrmktms pmrspmethvfs. :. Erhm ul emkærha qum fjardm fjardm f lfhar ebfkem dm suemssa pfrf a km`õeha m dmpahs vactm pfrf a prmsmktm, dmstfefkda as paktas qum padml qum trfzml rhsea î hlpcfktfàåa df hdmhf
ZMUMFZEB DMUO EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
DMUEZHÀÅA Dmso Zmsmfreb è f jusef rmfchzfdf ml dhvmrsfs gaktms kf hktmrkmt sajrm hkgarlfàýms `mrfhs rmcfehakfdfs f suf hdmhf, eala par mxmlpca, fspmetas tèekheas pfrf suf hlpcfktfàåa, mxhstékehf dm fctmrkfthvfs qum passfl sujsthtuì-cf m a patmkehfc df suf apartukhdf apartukhdfdm dm dm km`õeha
D]ZFÀÅA Karlfclmktm, fc`ulfs barfs iæ smrhfl sughehmktms pfrf cmvfktfr hkgarlfàýms f rmspmhta df hdmhf m dm passìvmhs eakearrmktms. Mktrmtfkta, Mktrmtfkta, dmpmkdmkda da fpragukdflmkta fpragukdflmk ta dmsmifda, a dmso rmsmfreb padm durfr fc`uks dhfs.
ZMEALMKDFÀ ÝMU
6. Femssm gõruks dm pmr`uktfs m rmspastfs, kmstfs pæ`hkfs mxhstml dhvmrsfs dhseussýms mktrm hktmrkfutfs, smkda ulf õthlf gaktm dm hkgarlfàåa. :. ^raeurm gaktms dm hkgarlfàýms dm mlprmsfs9 mxhstml shtms qum passuml
pmrghs dm mlprmsfs, hkdhefkda a fka dm gukdfàåa, qufkthdfdm dm hkvmsthdarms, tflfkba df mlprmsf, mktrm autras. 5. Eaksuctm fs pftmktms dm autrfs mlprmsfs. Mssfsmpadm smr ulf jaf mstrftè`hf pfrf mktmkdmr eala smus eakearrmktms mståa ealpartfkda 4. Mstudm autrfs tmktfthvfs dm sacuehakfr sacuehakfr dmsfghas shlhcfrms fa dmsfgha qum f suf hdmhf fjardf. Mktmkdf fs dhgheucdfdms mkgrmktfdfs par mssfs sacuàýms m as prhkehpfhs hksh`bts mxtrfìdas dm efdf efsa. Fvfchm eala mcms sm fpchefl fa eaktmxta ka qufc vaeé mstæ trfjfcbfkda
GAKTMU DM DMUO ZMFUMFZEB MRML^CA DM GÕZ]L DM ^MZ@]KTFU M ZMU^AUTFU A Vuarf è ul shtm dmsmkvacvhda par mxgukehakærhas da Gfemjaao, efrfetmrhzfkda-sm par smr ulf rmdm saehfc dm pmr`uktfs m rmspastfs...
MRML^CA DM GAKTM DM HKGAZLFÀÅA DM ML^ZMUFU
A TmebErukeb è ul partfc qum pravé hkgarlfàýms sajrm stfrtups dm tmekaca`hf. ]l dm smus prhkehpfhs smrvhàas è f jfsm dm dfdas dm dm tmekaca`hf m hkgarlæthef, ebflfdf dmmlprmsfs Erukebjfsm...
GHKFKEMHZF ^CFKHCBF EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
DMUEZHÀÅA Mstm mxpmrhlmkta è ulf pcfkhcbf mstruturfdf qum shlucm a jfcfkàa m a gcuxa dm efhxf df mlprmsf. Kmssm mstæ`ha f pcfkhcbf eaktmlpcfræ ulf sèrhm dm hkemrtmzfs, par hssa, lfhs hlpartfktm da qum a smu `rfu dm dmtfcbflmkta è f hdmkthghefàåa dfs prmlhssfs qum f sustmktml m f passhjhchdfdm dm rmvhsæ-cf, dm garlf æ`hc, dm fearda eal a fprmkdhzfda ajthda
D]ZFÀÅA F mcfjarfàåa dm ulf pcfkhcbf ghkfkemhrf kåa dmvm sm fcak`fr luhta, lfs as fchemrems pfrf f suf eakstruàåa hråa dmlfkdfr ul emrta tmlpa. ^artfkta, fc`uks dhfs smråa lfhs da qum a sughehmktm pfrf f suf mcfjarfàåa
ZMEALMKDFÀ ÝMU 6. Eacmtm hkgarlfàýms dm hkdùstrhfs, mlprmsfs mlprmsfs m pradutas shlhcfrms pfrf mcfjarfr f pcfkhcbf ghkfkemhrf
:. Umif eaksmrvfdar fa dmghkhr fs msthlfthvfs usfdfs kf eakstruàåa f pcfkhcbf pcfkhcbf 5. Lfktmkbf f pcfkhcbf shlpcms, prmstm lfhs ftmkàåa îs prmlhssfs qum vaeé uthchzf pfrf sustmktfr a ladmca m ftufchzm-f smlprm 4. F pcfkhcbf tfljèl padm smr mserhtf dm lfkmhrf hkvmrsf, mstfjmcmemkda a qufkta sm qumr cuerfr pfrf dmpahs efceucfr fs rmemhtfs, lfr`ml, eustas m autras pfrêlmtras qum prmehsfråa smr fcefkàfdas. Mssf eakstruàåa rmvmrsf padmræ msthlucfr f mquhpm f jusefr sacuàýms hkavfdarfs pfrf a km`õeha.
TMUTM DM WHFJHCHD WHFJHCHDFDM FDM MU^ME ÌGHEF EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
Åmxpmrhlmkta DMUEZHÀ A Eakshstm ml ul qum tmstm f vhfjhchdfdm da praduta, gaefda ml vfchdfr ul fspmeta apmrfehakfc da km`õeha m kåa f hdmhf eala ul tada
D]ZFÀÅA Mssm mxpmrhlmkta vhsf f vfchdfàåa dm ulf dfs bhpõtmsms qum sustmktfl a fspmeta apmrfehakfc apmrfehakfc da smu km`õeha. Fa lmsla tmlpa qum mcm prmehsf smr jml mstruturfda m rmprmsmktfr f prmlhssf dm lfkmhrf ecfrf, a tmstm dmvm smr eakstruìda dm lfkmhrf ræphdf, durfkda, hdmfclmktm, fpmkfs fc`uks dhfs
ZMEALMKDFÀ ÝMU 6. Gaqum a tmstm pfrf vfchdfr ulf prmlhssf mspmeìghef, lfktmkda-sm fs dmlfhs vfrhævmhs saj eaktracm
:. Gfàf fc`a shlpcms, jfrfta m ræphda qum passf garkmemr ul fprmkdhzfda rmcmvfktm. Eal ul pauea dm mk`mkbashdfdm è passìvmc sm surprmmkdmr eal a quåa ræphda m jfrfta ulf bhpõtmsm padm smr vfchdfdf 5. Eakshdmrm as mxpmrhlmktas –Grmd Gchkstakm“9 Gchkstakm“9 gfzmr lfkufclmktm a qum prmehsfrhf smr futalfthzfda. Mssms mxpmrhlmktas pmrlhtml fvfchfr eala sm dfrhf f hktmrfàåa da usuærha eal a shstmlf fktms dm `fstfr tmlpa m dhkbmhra tmktfkda dmsmkvacvé-ca
TMUTM DM ]UFJHCHDFDM EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
DMUEZHÀÅA A mxpmrhlmkta eakshstm ml eaksulhdarms ghkfhs uthchzfkda ul pratõthpa da smu praduta aufkfchsfr smrvhàa.asFsshl, f hktmrgfem padm smr lmcbar trfjfcbfdf, `frfkthkda ulf usfjhchdfdm lfhs hktuhthvf
D]ZFÀÅA A tmstm dm usfjhchdfdm padm dmlarfr hkùlmras dhfs, dm fearda eal f qufkthdfdm m ehecas dm tmstm kmemssærhas pfrf flfdurmemr f hdmhf. È trhvhfc qum as pratõthpas smifl tmstfdas dhvmrsfs vmzms, pfrf fulmktfr a smu `rfu dm dmtfcbm
ZMEALMKDFÀ ÝMU 6. Fkfchsm eala a eaksulhdar ghkfc sm ealpartf fa hktmrf`hr eal a pratõthpa. pratõthpa. Mstm è a gaea
:. Kåa hkgcumkehm a ealpartflmkta da eaksulhdar eaksulhdar ghkfc eal eêlmrfs, smksarms au pmr`uktfs. A hdmfc è ajsmrvf-ca uthchzfkda a pratõthpa ml smu fljhmktm kfturfc 5. Hkhehm as tmstms eal pratõthpas lfhs shlpcms m dm gæehc ladhghefàåa. Fa cak`a df suf fprmkdhzf`ml sajrm a usuærha, mvacuf ftè ul ladmca dm fctf ghdmchdfdm
CFKDHK@ ^F@M EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
DMUEZHÀÅA Eakshstm ml erhfr pæ`hkf fakchkm eaktmùda mxtrmlflmktm vhsufc m ajimthvhdfdm, pfrfulf ealukhefr hdmhf eal fa vhshtfktm m cmvf-ca f dmlakstrfr hktmrmssm pmca praduta
D]ZFÀÅA F Cfkdhk` ^f`m padm smr e akstruìdf eal rfphdmz, parèl, a `rfu dm dmtfcbflmkta df pæ`hkf hræ hkgcumkehfr ka smu tmlpa dm e akstruàåa. Fcèl df eakempàåa, è kmemssærha f`ufrdfr ul kùlmra sh`khghefthva dm vhshtfktms, a qum padm dmlarfr fc`ulfs smlfkfs
ZMEALMKDFÀ ÝMU
6. ]thchzm ulf grfsm dm mgmhta qum fprmsmktm f prapastf dm vfcar fa vhshtfktm. ^ar mxmlpca9 –Fprmkdf f pra`rflfr hktmrfthvflmktm, hktmrfthvflmktm, `ræths“
:. Efprhebm kf fpfrékehf. ^adm-sm usfr tfkta gatas jakhtfs qufkta qufkta ulf fpfrékehf ecmfk. A hlpartfktm è qum a vhshtfktm sm shktf eakgartævmc 5. ]sm vìdmas eurtas, dmsmkbas msqumlætheas au lmsla ulf chstf dm pfssas pfrf ealukhefr dm garlf ræphdf eala f hdmhf gukehakf, da pakta dm vhstf da vhshtfktm 4. Hkshrf ul "jatåa dm fàåa" ebflfthva par lmha da qufc a vhshtfktm smræ eakvmrthda ml ul usuærha efdfstrfda, m fkfchsm a kùlmra dm efdfstras dm fearda eal fs fctmrfàýms qum vaeé rmfchzfræ kf pæ`hkf
EZAPDG]KDHK@ EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
DMUEZHÀÅA Fs pcftfgarlfs dm erawdgukdhk` såa partfhs partfhs vhrtufhs kas qufhs è passìvmc fprmsmktfr ul praimta ml jusef dm ghkfkehflmkta eacmthva. As vhshtfktms da partfc mseacbml qufhs hdmhfs dmsmifl fpahfr m qufkta qumrml hkvmsthr. Um a praimta rmemjmr a kìvmc lìkhla dm rmeursas msthpucfda, mcm feaktmem. Efsa eaktrærha, as fpahfdarms rmemjml a dhkbmhra dm vactf
D]ZFÀÅA Thpheflmktm, fs pcftfgarlfs dm erawdgukdhk` chlhtfl a tmlpa das praimtas ka partfc pfrf fc`ulfs smlfkfs. Fpõs mssm pmrìada, a praimta è eakshdmrfda jml au lfc suemdhda. Ka mktfkta, fc`uks praimtas dm `rfkdm femhtfàåa eaksm`uml fcefkàfr f lmtf prapastf ml fpmkfs fc`ulfs barfs
ZMEALMKDFÀ ÝMU
6. As praimtas fkukehfdas kfs pcftfgarlfs pcftfgarlfs dm erawdgukdhk` dmvml mstfr fealpfkbfdas dm ul lftmrhfc mxpchefthva, eala par mxmlpca, smr ul vìdma eurta m jml-bularfda dmsermvmkda a praimta :. das Fs rmdms saehfhs ulfml gartm fchfdf dmstm mxpmrhlmkta9 usm tfkta as pmrghs lmljras dfsåa mquhpm rmdms saehfhs eala gfàf fchfkàf eal pmrsakfchdfdmss hkgcumktms ch`fdfs fa tmlf ka qufc vaeé mstæ trfjfcbfkda, pmrsakfchdfdm eala mserhtarms dm jca`s mspmehfchzfdas.
KM@AEHFÀÅA EAL UTFOMBACDMZU EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
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DMUEZHÀÅA Luhtfs hdmhfs dmpmkdml fpmkfs df vfchdfàåa da echmktm ghkfc pfrf smrml jml suemdhdfs. Dmvhda î mstm lathva, è hktmrmssfktm tmstfr f rmempthvhdfdm dm autras stfombacdmrs, fprmsmktfkda-cbms fprmsmktfkda-cbms f hdmhf fktmehpfdflmktm m prapakda fc`ul thpa dm fearda pfrf dmsmkvacvé-cf
D]ZFÀÅA F rmukhåa pfrf km`aehfàåa eal a stfombacdmr kåa dmvm dmlarfr lfhs dm ulf barf. ^arèl, vaeé dmvm eakshdmrfr f dhgheucdfdm ml ajtmr ul barærha pfrf mssf rmukhåa, fsshl eala a tmlpa kmemssærha pfrf prmpfræ-cf. ^ar tfkta, a lfhs pravævmc è qum fc`uks dhfs tmkbfl dm smr hkvmsthdas kmssm mxpmrhlmkta
ZMEALMKDFÀ ÝMU
6. Vuml tml jaef vfh î Zalf9 ]thchzm as smus eaktftas eaktftas pfrf ebm`fr f pmssafs qum passfl tm fprmsmktfr fa Utfombacdmr eal f qufc vaeé prmehsf km`aehfr :. Kf rmukhåa fjardm qufhs as prajcmlfs qum a stfombacdmr `astfrhf `astfrhf dm rmsacvmr m qufhs mcm mcm iæ passuh pfrf rmsacvé-cas. ^mksm ml eala smu fearda trfræfctmrkfthvfs jmkmgìeha pfrf 5. Umif ecfra m ajimthva, m efsa f hdmhf kåa smif supartfdf, uthchzm as gmmdjfeos pfrf rmvhsæ-cf m tarkæ-cf lfhs ftrfthvf pfrf a stfombacdmr
ÅA ^ZATATH^FÀ DF DF MR^MZHÉKEHF DM EAL^ZF EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
MUEFCFZ
DMUEZHÀÅA Mstm mxpmrhlmkta è ul pratõthpa df mxpmrhékehf dm ealprf, qum trfz ulf lfhar ealprmmksåa qufkta î lathvfàåa qum cmvf a usuærha f rmfchzfr f ealprf, fa praemssa dmehsõrha dm fdquhrhr a praduta, a vfcar qum a echmktm dmsmif pf`fr, mktrm autras
D]ZFÀÅA ^ratathpfr f mxpmrhékehf dm ulf ealprf è ul mxpmrhlmkta luhta hlpartfktm hlpartfktm pfrf f mstruturfàåa df hdmhf lfs mcf kåa è tåa shlpcms, padmkda sm fcak`fr par fc`ulfs smlfkfs
ZMEALMKDFÀ ÝMU
6. Wæ fcèl df trfksfàåa ealmrehfc praprhflmktm dhtf9 f pratathpfàåa pratathpfàåa df mxpmrhékehf padm hkecuhr dmsdm a lalmkta ml qum a echmktm sm dmpfrf eal f kmemsshdfdm da praduta au smrvhàa, ftè f mktrm`f da praduta au rmfchzfàåa da smrvhàa :. A lfhar ajimthva dmstm mxpmrhlmkta è mktmkdmr eala a echmktm sm ealpartf fa fdquhrhr a smu praduta m a qum hkgcumkehf fs dufs dmehsýms dm ealprf 5. F mxpmrhékehf dm ealprf padm smr pratathpfdf lmsla sml f mstruturfàåa df apmrfàåa m df praduàåa
mxpmrhlmkta 65
^HCATA A^MZFEHAKFC EAKTMRTA
HLMZUÅA
ZMGZFLM
HDMFÀÅA
TAZKFZ ZMFC
TMUTFZ
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DMUEZHÀÅA È ulf vmrsåa ml pmqumkf msefcf da praduta au smrvhàa f smr tmstfda ml ulf dmtmrlhkfdf rm`håa qum rmprmsmktm a lmrefda fcva. A ajimthva è vfchdfr as dmtfcbms da ladmca dm km`õeha m eacmtfr hkgarlfàýms pfrf dmsmkvacvmr ul pcfka dm cfkàflmkta cfkàflmkta m dm msefcf.
D]ZFÀÅA ]l phcata apmrfehakfc, dmvhda f suf ealpcmxhdfdm m hlpartêkehf, prmehsf smr jml mstudfda m mcfjarfda. Umu dmsmkvacvhlmkta m fpchefàåa pravfvmclmktm hræ durfr fc`ulfs smlfkfs
ZMEALMKDFÀ ÝMU
6. A phcata sõ dmvm smr rmfchzfda qufkda iæ bauvmr eakghfkàf qufkta î vhfjhchdfdm da km`õeha, pahs ulf vmz qum mstm phcata è ulf flastrf luhta
prõxhlf da praduta ghkfc, as hkvmsthlmktas m, eaksmqumktmlmktm, a rhsea såa sh`khghefthvas. :. A caefc fakdm a phcata hræ smr hkstfcfda prmehsf smr luhta jml mseacbhda pfrf qum smif ulf flastrf rmprmsmktfthvf da lmrefda eaksulhdar da ladmca dm km`õehas. 5. È dm mxtrmlf hlpartêkehf qum a phcata apmrfehakfc tmkbf tmkbf tadfs fs efrfetmrìsthefs kmemssærhfs pfrf qum passf smr msefcfda. Efsa eaktrærha, fspmetas mspmeìgheas da ladmca dm km`õeha fefjfråa kåa smkda tmstfdas ftè qum a praduta smif cfkàfda dm gfta.
MTF^F
UMCMEHAKFZ A HL^FETA F UMZ LAUTZFDA
LAUTZM V]M È ZMFC
TAZKFZ F UAC]ÀÅA ZMFC
DHW]C@FZ AU HL^FETAU M A ^ATMKEHFC
EFLHKBA
EAKTMRTA M HKTMKÀÅA
HLMZUÅA
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TMUTFZ M F^ZMKDMZ
LAUTZM V]M È ZMFC
MUEFCFZ
Tbmrm hs f dhggmrmkem jmtwmmk okawhk` tbm pftb fkd wfcohk` tbm pftb Larpbmus, Tbm Lftrhx
Lastrm qum f suf hdmhf è rmfc
Ftrfvès dm ul efsa dm suemssa, smræ lfhs gæehc eakvmkemr, mk`fifr m lathvfr fs pmssafs
EALA GFYMZ A EFUA DM U]EMUUA1 ^cfkmim a smu Efsa dm
HL^CFKTM M FEAL^FKB
FWFCHM AU ZMU]CTFDA
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EALA GFYMZ A EFUA DM U]EMUUA1 ^cfkmim a smu Efsa dm
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A V]M WAEÉ DMUMIF LAUTZFZ1 V]FC A MUEA^A ML V]M A EFUA UMZÆ F^CHEFDA1
UMZÆ F^CHEFDA1 V]FHU FU Lètrhefs UMZÅA ]THCHYFDFU1
EALA GFYMZ A EFUA DM U]EMUUA1 ^cfkmim a smu Efsa dm
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eraka`rflf FKÆCHUM dm rhseas ^cfka dm ealukhefàåa
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^cfka dm hlpcmlmktfàåa FKÆCHUM dm hlpfetaU ]THCHYM UTFT]U ZM^AZT
EALA GFYMZ A EFUA DM U]EMUUA1 ^cfkmim a smu Efsa dm Uuemssa
HL^CFKTM M FEAL^FKB M
FWFCHM AU ZMU]CTFDA U
LAUTZM M LAJHCHYM
KHWMC =9 Waeé tml lfkufhs, shstmlfs m praemdhlmktas qum fssm`urfl rmpchefàýms eakshstmktms m hlpfeta KHWMC 49 Mxhstml rmpchefàýms hkdmpmkdmktms qum
Kìvmhs dm mvhd ékehf
eakghrlml fs sufs eakecusýms KHWMC 59 Eaksm`um dmlakstrfr f efusfchdfdm usfkda ul
DM EFUMU DM U]EMUUA
`rupa eaktracm au autrf tèekhef dm ealpfrfàåa KHWMC :9 Eaksm`um efpturfr dfdas qum lastrml ludfkàf, lfs kåa eaksm`um eakghrlfr f efusfchdfdm KHWMC 69 Eaksm`um dmsermvmr parqum a praimta hlpartf, dm lfkmhrf cõ`hef, eamrmktm m eakvhkemktm *Gaktm9 KMUTF
EALA GFYMZ A EFUA DM U]EMUUA1 ^cfkmim a smu Efsa dm Uuemssa
HL^CFKTM M FEAL^FKB M
FWFCHM AU ZMU]CTFDA U
LAUTZM M LAJHCHYM
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MK@FIFZ ^MUUAFU
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^ZM^FZFZ AZ@FKHYFÀÝMU
^CFKMIFZ M ZMFCHYFZ HL^CFKTFÀÅA
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EAKTMRTA M HKTMKÀÅA
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TMUTFZ M F^ZMKDMZ
LAUTZM V]M È ZMFC
MUEFCFZ
DMUFGHA DM MUEFCFZ ]LF HDMHF Eala gfzmr eal qum f hdmhf dmsmkvacvhdf par ulf mquhpm smif hlpcfktfdf eal suemssa ml ulf `rfkdm ar`fkhzfàåa1
Hdmhf vfchdfdf pmcf mquhpm
• F hlmrsåa gah jml suemdhdf
HKAWFÀÅA HL^CFKTFDF KF AZ@FKHYFÀÅA
• F hkavfàåa fcefkàau pfrtm sh`khghefthvf da smu hlpfeta patmkehfc sajrm a
• ]lf kavf sacuàåa gah erhfdf • Dhvmrsas tmstms garfl mxmeutfdas m earrmàýms garfl rmfchzfdfs
• ]l phcata apmrfehakfc gah mxmeutfda
pmcf mquhpm, ealpravfkda f vhfjhchdfdm
LFU F HKAWFÀÅA FHKDF KÅA FEAKTMEM]... FEAKTMEM]...
km`õeha
• F ar`fkhzfàåa ajtmvm a rmtarka mspmrfda pmca msgaràa dm dmsmkvacvhlmkta
• ^mssafs efpfehtfdfs passuml as rmeursas kmemssærhas pfrf `frfkthr f eakghfjhchdfdm df apmrfàåa
• As echmktms m Utfombacdmrs rmeakbmeml a suemssa df hkavfàåa
stfrtup è è ulf ‒F stfrtup ar`fkhzfàåa tmlparærhf praimtfdf pfrf jusefr ul ladmca dm km`õehas rmpmtìvmc m rmpmtìvmc m msefcævmc msefcævmc‘‘ Utmvm Jcfko
DMUFGHA 6 EALA EAL]KHEFZ1
DMUFGHA : EALA MUEFCFZ1
DMUFGHA 6 EALA EAL]KHEFZ1
Uhlak Uhkmo, ml smu chvra Utfrt Phtb Pby , fprmsmktf ulf padmrasf gõrlucf pfrf ealukhefr a prapõshta dm ulf hkhehfthvf
TBM @ACDMK EHZECM
Lfurìeha Hsfe Efrdasa Ebhmg Apmrfthaks Agghem lfurheha.efrdasaNefsffzuc.ve Nlfu.efrdasaQ
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