Cap 4 - Preparação

 

LK@ÉFJ@A GDP PDODP - A]DPWJOA GK OAIDYAWÐYJD - JLK 

]YK]AYAÃÀD GK ALDPWYAP GK PDOD ]AYA KFPAJDP GK @AYA@WKYJXAÃÀD 1. Jftrdguãàd  A prkparaãàd gas aldstras ê a ktapa quk prk`kgk a rkaojzaãàd gds kfsajds gk `ara`tkrjzaãàd k d prd`kssd `dfsjstk kl sk`ar, gkstdrrdar, quartkar, pksar k pkfkjrar a aldstra, para fd bjfao gas dpkraãûks, ditkr-sk ula quaftjgagk subj`jkftk, ndldcèfka k rkprkskftatjva gd sdod a skr afaojsagd. Fd Irasjo, gjspûk-sk gds skcujftks gd`ulkftds fdrlatjvds para a rkaojzaãàd ga prkparaãàd gas aldstras8 GFKY-LK =71/:7 Pdods. ]rkparaãàd gk aldstras para kfsajds gk `ara`tkrjzaãàd AIFW FIY-27;3 Aldstras gk sdod - ]rkparaãàd para kfsajds gk `dlpa`taãàd k kfsajds gk `ara`tkrjzaãàd. Alias as fdrlas `jtagas kstàd vdotagas para crafgks aldstras gk latkrjao aldocagd, ckraolkftk `doktagas `dl tragd kl hazjgas du fd sui-okjtd gk kstragas. Kftrktaftd, ds kfsajds gk `ara`tkrjzaãàd sàd taliêl fk`kssárjds kl latkrjajs drjufgds gk aldstras jfgkbdrlagas, tajs `dld tuids gk parkgk bjfa du iod`ds ks`avagds. Fdrlaolkftk, kssas aldstras fàd aprkskftal latkrjao gk crafuoaãàd crauga k pdrtaftd, aoculas ktapas jfj`jajs ga prkparaãàd sàd gksfk`kssárjas k as quaftjgagks gk latkrjao lafuskagd sàd rkguzjgas. 9. Pkqÿèf`ja gas dpkraãûks  A prkparaãàd gas aldstras `dlpûk-sk gk `jf`d ktapas8   •  •  •  • 

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sk`ackl par`jao gas aldstras gkstdrrdalkftd quartkalkftd pksackl pkfkjralkftd 1:

 

LK@ÉFJ@A GDP PDODP - A]DPWJOA GK OAIDYAWÐYJD - JLK 

9.1 Pk`ackl par`jao gas gas aldstras A sk`ackl, prjlkjra ktapa ga prkparaãàd, pdgk skr bkjta pdr très prd`kssds8

Kxpdsjãàd ad ar  ar 

A aldstra ê kspaonaga kl árka aikrta, kl `dftatd gjrktd `dl d sdo k ar.

Kxpdsjãàd í ouz jfbravkrlkona j fbravkrlkona  

A aldstra ê kspaonaga kl iafgkhas rasas k kxpdsta í ouz jfbravkrlkona, pdr ul pkrìdgd gk 19 ndras.

Pk`ackl kl kstuba  kstuba 

A aldstra ê `dod`aga kl kstuba, pdr ul pkrìdgd gk 19 ndras, a ula tklpkratura láxjla gk 2=¸ @. Ksta aotkrfatjva sð gkvkrá skr klprkcaga, sk nduvkr `dfnk`jlkftd gk quk a tklpkratura fàd lugará as `ara`tkrìstj`as gd latkrjao, `dld pdgk d`drrkr kl sdods `dl latêrja drcéfj`a.

9.9 Gkstdrrdalkftd ga aldstra D gkstdrrdalkftd tkl `dld bjfaojgagk gksacrkcar as partì`uoas lkfdrks gas partì`uoas lajdrks gd sdod. A aldstra ê `dod`aga fd aoldbarjz gk pdr`koafa, `dl `apa`jgagk gk ; ec gk sdod, k ads pdu`ds, `dl auxìojd ga làd gk crao, rk`dikrta gk idrra`na, prkssjdfa-sk a aldstra, bazkfgd-sk ldvjlkftds `jr`uoarks atê sk `dfskcujr ula tdtao gksacrkcaãàd gas partì`uoas gd sdod.

D gkstdrrdalkftd gkvk skr bkjtd gk lafkjra quk fàd rkguza d talafnd faturao gas partì`uoas. ]ara jssd a làd gk crao gkvk tkr sku rk`dirjlkftd kl pkrbkjtd kstagd.

9=

 

LK@ÉFJ@A GDP PDODP - A]DPWJOA GK OAIDYAWÐYJD - JLK 

9.0 Quartkalkftd ga aldstra Quartkalkftd ê d prd`kssd pkod quao sk kxtraj ga aldstra tdtao, ula aldstra lkfdr, ndldcèfka k rkprkskftatjva ga aldstra kfsajaga. D quartkalkftd sk baz `dl a aldstra gkstdrrdaga, pdgkfgd skr auxjojagd pdr ul rkpartjgdr gk aldstras. Fd quartkalkftd gjrktd, a aldstra ê `dod`aga sdirk ula supkrbì`jk poafa k ojlpa, ljsturaga jftkfsalkftk `dl ula pá, sk bdr crafgk aldstra, du `donkr, sk bdr ula pkqukfa aldstra, k arrulaga fula pjona `÷fj`a.

Kssk `dfk ê kftàd a`natagd, pdr prkssàd ga pá k a skcujr a aldstra ê gjvjgjga kl quatrd partks. Gks`artal-sk guas partks, sjtuagas gjalktraolkftk, ljsturafgd-sk d latkrjao rkstaftk k rkpktjfgd-sk `dl kok d prd`kssd gk quartkalkftd, atê ditkr-sk ula aldstra ndldcèfka, `dl d pksd fk`kssárjd ads kfsajds.

D rkpartjgdr gk aldstras tkl `dld bufãàd gjvjgjr kl guas partks a aldstra quk fkok bdr oafãaga, gjstrjiujfgd d latkrjao kl guas iafgkhas. Assjl, a aldstra drjcjfao ê `dod`aga kl `aãalias, a quao ê `dod`aga, kl gjacdfao, sdirk d skparagdr k d sdod ê gkspkhagd, bazkfgd-sk ldvjlkftds gk vaj-vêl atê kscdtar tdga a aldstra ga `aãalia.

91

 

LK@ÉFJ@A GDP PDODP - A]DPWJOA GK OAIDYAWÐYJD - JLK 

D latkrjao gk ula gas iafgkhas ê gks`artagd, suilktkfgd-sk d sdod ga dutra iafgkha í fdva skparaãàd, atê sk `dfskcujr ula aldstra `dl d pksd gkskhagd. A aldstra rkprkskftatjva, ditjga fd quartkalkftd, gkvkrá tkr `kr`a gk8 sdods arcjodsds du sjotdsds 1;== c sdods arkfdsds du pkgrkcuondsds - 9===c D pksd ga aldstra rkprkskftatjva, ditjgd `dl aprdxjlaãàd gk ; c, gkvk skr rkcjstragd `dld d pksd tdtao ga aldstra sk`a ad ar. ar . 9.7 ]kfkjralkftd ga aldstra D pkfkjralkftd ê a øotjla ktapa gd prd`kssd gk prkparaãàd ga aldstra k fkok d latkrjao ê skparagd para ds gjbkrkftks kfsajds. Ê rk`dlkfgávko quk, aftks gd pkfkjralkftd, sk prd`kga a lajs ul gkstdrrdalkftd `dl a bjfaojgagk gk gksacrkcar tdgds ds tdrrûks, kvkftuaolkftk kxjstkftks, gk ldgd a asskcurar a rktkfãàd fa pkfkjra sdlkftk gds cràds lajdrks quk a aikrtura ga laona. Wdga a aldstra ê passaga fa pkfkjra `dl aikrtura gk 9,== ll (f¸ 1=), gkstjfafgd-sk d latkrjao `dld sk skcuk8   Latkrjao rktjgd fa pkfkjra (f¸1=)

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[tjojzaãàd Kstk latkrjao ê rkskrvagd para a crafuodlktrja crdssa. Kftkfgk-sk pdr crafuodlktrja crdssa, d prd`kssd pkod quao sk gktkrljfal ds gjélktrds gk partì`uoas supkrjdrks a 9,= ll k sua pkr`kftackl fa aldstra tdtao.

Quaftjgagk

d quk d`drrkr

99

 

LK@ÉFJ@A GDP PDODP - A]DPWJOA GK OAIDYAWÐYJD - JLK 

Latkrjao quk passa fa pkfkjra (f¸1=) [tjojzaãàd

Quaftjgagk

Gktkrljfaãàd ga uljgagk njcrds`ðpj`a, njcrds`ðpj`a, jstd ê d tkdr gk uljgagk kxjstkftk kl ul sdod par`jaolkftk sk`d. Kxk`uãàd ga crafuodlktrja bjfa, bjfa, du skha a gktkrljfaãàd gds gjélktrds gas partì`uoas jfbkrjdrks a 9,= ll

≋

 ;= c

sdods arcjodsds sdods arkfdsds

≋

 3= c

du pkgrkcuonds ≋ 19= c  Gktkrljfaãàd ga gkfsjgagk rkao gds cràds cràds - rkoaãàd kftrk d pksd k d vdoulk rkao gds cràds sðojgds, rkbkrjga ad pksd kspk`ìbj`d ga ácua.

≋

 1= c

Apðs a rktjraga gas quaftjgagks a`jla rkbkrjgas, d rkstaftk gd latkrjao ajfga fàd aprdvkjlatkrjao gkvk skr passagd fa pkfkjra `dl aikrtura gk =,79 ll tagd  (f¸ 7=), dihktjvafgd-sk a skparaãàd gk latkrjao para a gktkrljfaãàd gds ojljtks gk `dfsjstèf`ja.

  Latkrjao quk passa fa pkfkjra (f¸7=)

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[tjojzaãàd

Quaftjgagk

Gktkrljfaãàd gd ojljtk gk ojqujgkz, ojqujgkz, jstd ê d tkdr gk uljgagk quk gkbjfk a trafsjãàd gd kstagd oìqujgd para d poástj`d.

≋

 3= c

≋

 ;= c 

≋

 ;= c 

Gktkrljfaãàd gd ojljtk gk poastj`jgagk, poastj`jgagk, jstd ê d tkdr gk uljgagk quk gkbjfk a trafsjãàd gd kstagd poástj`d para d sklj-sðojgd. Gktkrljfaãàd gd ojljtk gk `dftraãàd, `dftraãàd, jstd ê d tkdr gk uljgagk quk gkbjfk a trafsjãàd trafsjãàd gd kstagd sklj-sðojgd ppara ara d kstagd .

90

 

 

AL DP WYA

PK @A CK L A D AY

GK PWDYYD AL KFWD

Q[AY WKAL KFWD

]KPACKL 1.;== c (sdods 9.=== (s dods bjfds) arkfdsds arkfdsds))

CYAF[ODLKWYJA GAP BYAÃÛKP 6 9.= ll

;= c 3= du 19= c

9;= c

[LJGAGK NJCYDP@Ð]J@A CYAF[ODLKWYJA GAP BYAÃÛKP ? 9.= ll

]KFKJYA 9.= ll

1= c

GKFPJGAGK YKAO BYAÃÀD GKP]YKXAGA

9== c ]KFKJYA =.79 =.79 l l

9  7   

3= c

OJLJWK GK OJQ[JGKX

;= c

OJLJWK GK ]OAPWJ@JGAGK

;= c

OJLJWK GK @DFWYAÃÀD

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