Cap 4 Alcantarillado Sanitario
November 17, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
NATGZRIM GU ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM :.1.- AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM Bs bi sgstbka jb rbnmibnngþf jgsbñajm para bvanuar bxniusgvakbftb acuas rbsgjuaibs jmkçstgnas jb ufa pmhiangþf. Rf sgstbka sgstbka jb ainaftargiiajm ainaftargiiajm bstá nmfstgtugjm nmfstgtugjm pmr uf nmfouftm jb jb tuhbrëas, tuhbrëas, gfstaiangmfbs y bqugpms jbstgfajms jbstgfajms a nmibntar y trafspmrtar acuas rbsgjuaibs a uf sgtgm egfai nmfvbfgbftb, jb emrka nmftgfua y sbcura para bi kbjgm akhgbftb. :.8.- NMKTMFBFZB^ JB JB RF ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM ^AFGZAXGM Craegna :.1.- Nmkpmfbftbs jbi ainaftargiiajm safgtargm safgtargm
1.- Nmibnt Nmibntmr mr sbnufjargm sbnufjargm 8.- Nmibnt Nmibntmr mr prgfngpai prgfngpai >.- Gftbr Gftbrnbptm nbptmr r :.- Bkgs Bkgsargm argm egfai egfai GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
34
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
:.>.- NARJ NARJAIB^ AIB^ JB ATMXZB ATMXZB :.>.1. Naujai Naujai kbjgm kbjgm jgar jgargm gm jb acuas rbsgjua rbsgjuaibs ibs
(:.1)
(:.8) (:.>) Jmfjb? Nr Jmt T F tm a j
; Naujai kbjgm jgargm ; Nmbegngbftb jb rbtmrfm m apmrtb ; Nmfsuk Nmfsukmm jb jb acua acua pmtah pmtahib ib (i/`a (i/`ah/jë h/jëa) a) ; Tmhiangþf (`ah.) ; Fÿkbrm jb imtbs, ajgkbfsgmfai ajgkbfsgmfai ; Zas Zasaa jb mn mnup upan angþ gþff pmh pmhia iang ngmf mfai ai,, bf `a `ah/ h/im imtb tb ; Árba jb jb nm nmfftrghungþf bf `a ; Jbf bfsg sgjjaj pm pmhhia iang ngmf mfai ai,, bf `a `ahh/` /`aa
:.>.1.1.:.>.1.1 .- Nmbeg Nmbegngbft ngbftbb jb rbtmr rbtmrfm fm (Nr) Bi nmbegngbftb jb rbtmrfm (Nr) bs ia rbiangþf qub bxgstb bftrb bi naujai kbjgm jb acuas rbsgjuaibs jmkbstgnas y bi naujai kbjgm kbjgm jb acua qub nmfsukb ia pmhiangþf. pmhiangþf. Jbi tmtai tmtai jb acua nmfsukgja, nmfsukgja, smim ufa partb nmftrghuyb ai ainaftargiiajm, pubs bi saijm bs utgigzajm utgigzajm para iavajm jb vb`ënuims, iavajm jb anbras y naiibs, rgbcm jb oarjgfbs y `ubrtas, grrgcangþf jb parqubs pÿhignms, tbrrazas jb rbsgjbfngas y mtrms. Jb bsta kafbra, bi nmbegngbftb jb rbtmrfm jbpbfjb jb eantmrbs imnaibs nmkm ia imnaigzangþf y tgpm jb vgvgbfja, nmfjgngþf jb ias naiibs (pavgkbftajas m fm), tgpm jb nigka u mtrms eantmrbs. ^b jbhbf utgigzar vaimrbs bftrb bi 54 % y 04 % jb ia jmtangþf jb acua pmtahib. Uaimrbs kbfmrbs y kaymrbs a bstb rafcm jbhbf sbr oustgegnajms pmr bi prmybntgsta. :.>.1.8.:.>.1. 8.- Nmfsu Nmfsukm km jb acua pmtahib pmtahib \Jmtangþf \Jmtangþf (Jmt)[ Ia nmftrghungþf jb ias acuas rbsgjuaibs jbpbfjb prgfngpaikbftb jbi ahastbngkgbftm jb acua. Tara bi jgkbfsgmfakgbftm jbi sgstbka jb ainaftargiiajm safgtargm jbhb sbr utgigzajm bi nmfsukm jb acua bebntgvm pbr nápgta, sgf tmkar bf nubfta ias pçrjgjas jb acua? a) h) n) j) b) e) c) `) g)
Ims `áhgtm `áhgtmss `gcgçfgnm `gcgçfgnmss y nuitu nuituraibs raibs jb ia nmku nmkufgjaj fgjaj.. Ia naftgjaj jb kgnrm kbjgngþf kbjgngþf jb ims sgstbkas sgstbkas jb ahastbngkgbftm jb acua. Ias gfstaia gfstaiangmfb ngmfbss y bqugpak bqugpakgbftms gbftms `gjrá `gjráuignm uignm „ safgt safgtargm argm jb jb ims gfkub gfkubhibs. hibs. Ims nmftr nmftrmibs mibs bobrng bobrngjms jms smhrb bi nmfsu nmfsukm. km. Bi vaimr vaimr jb ia targea targea y ia bxgstbf bxgstbfnga nga m fm jb suhsg suhsgjgms jgms smnga smngaibs ibs m pmiëtgn pmiëtgnms. ms. Ia ahufjafn ahufjafnga ga m bsnasb bsnasbzz jb ims puftm puftmss jb naptan naptangþf gþf jb jb acua. acua. Ia gftbrkgtb gftbrkgtbfnga fnga m rbcuiarg rbcuiargjaj jaj jbi ahastbn ahastbngkg gkgbftm bftm jb acua. acua. Ia tbkp tbkpbra bratur turaa kbjga kbjga jb jb ia rbcg rbcgþf. þf. Ia rb rbffta ea eak kgi giga gar. r.
o) jgspmfghgigjaj bqu gpakgbftms jmk jmkçstgnms naftgjaj aprbngahib. l) Ia ia gftbfs gft bfsgja gjajj jb ia jb antgbqugpakgbftms antgvg vgjaj jaj nmkbrng nmkb rngai. ai. çstgnms qub utgigzaf acua bf naftgjaj GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
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NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Tara bi nasm jb sgstbkas fubvms jb ainaftargiiajm safgtargm, ia jmtangþf kbjga jgarga jb acua jbhb sbr mhtbfgja smhrb ia hasb jb ia pmhiangþf pmhiangþf y zmfa cbmcráegna jaja, takhgçf takhgçf sb pubjb bxpignar qub ia jmtangþf bf ims iiafms bs kaymr qub bf ims vaiibs y kun`m kas kaymr qub bf bi aitgpiafm pmr bi sgkpib `bn`m pmr ia gfeiubfnga jbi nigka pmr qub a kaymr tbkpbratura kaymr nmfsukm jb acua. A nmftgfuangþf sb kubstra ias ias jmtangmfbs bf ia tahia tahia :.1. Zahia :.1 Jmtan Jmtangþf gþf kbjga jgarga _MFA^ 9 244
244 a 8444
JMZANGÞF KBJGA (i/`ah./jëa) TMHIANGÞF (`ah.) 8444 a 2444 2444 a 84444 84444 a 144444 6 144444
AIZGTIAFM > 4 „ 2 4
>4„34
24„04
04 „ 144
144 „ 124
124 „ 844
UAIIB^
24„34
24„74
34 „ 144
144 „ 1:4
124 „ 844
844 „ 824
IIAFM^
34-74
34 - 114
74 - 184
184 - 104
844 - 824
824 - >24
Eubftb? Fmrka Zçnfgna jb jgsbñm para sgstbkas jb ainaftargiiajm.
:.>.1.>. Tmhiangþf (T) Bs binmf fÿkbrm sbrvgjms bi prmybntm para bijbpbrgmjm jb jgsbñm, bi nuai jbhb sbr bstahibngjm hasb jb bf `ahgtaftbs ia pmhiangþf gfgngai.pmr Tara ia bstgkangþf ia pmhiangþf pmhiangþf jb prmybntm sb jbhbf nmfsgjbrar ims sgcugbftbs aspbntms? a) Tmhi Tmhian angþ gþff gf gfgn gnga gai, i, rb rbeb ebrg rgja ja ai fÿ fÿkb kbrm rm jb `a `ahg hgta taft ftbs bs jb jbft ftrm rm bi ár árba ba jb pr prmy mybn bntm tm qu qubb jbh jbhbb jbtbrkgfarsb kbjgaftb kbjgaftb uf nbfsm jb pmhiangþf y/m bstujgm smngmbnmfþkgnm. smngmbnmfþkgnm. h) ^b jbhbf apignar ims jatms bstajëstgnms b stajëstgnms jb Gfstgtutm Fangmfai jb Bstajëstgna para jbtbrkgfar ia pmhiangþf jb rbebrbfnga m antuai y ims ëfjgnbs jb nrbngkgbftm jbkmcráegnm jbkmcráegnm rbspbntgvms. n) Tara pmhiangm pmhiangmfbs fbs kbfmrbs, kbfmrbs, bf nasm nasm jb fm nmftar nmftar nmf ëfjgnb ëfjgnb jb nrbngkgbftm nrbngkgbftm pmhiang pmhiangmfai, mfai, sb jbhb jbhb ajmptar bi ëfjgnb jb nrbngkgbftm jb ia pmhiangþf jb ia napgtai m jbi kufgngpgm. ^g bi ëfjgnb jb nrbngkgbftm eubra fbcatgvm sb jbhb ajmptar nmkm këfgkm uf ëfjgnb jb nrbngkgbftm jb 1 %. j) Tmhiangþf Tmhian gþf nmf eutuhasb eutura, ra, rbebrgja rbebrg ja ai fÿkbrm fÿkb rm jbbi`ahgtaftbs `ahgtaf jbftrm bi árba jbftrm jbi prmybntm prmyybntm qub jbhb jbh bstgkarsb a ia pmhiangþf gfgngai, ëfjgnbtbs jb nrbngkgbftm pmhiangmfai bi pbrgmjm jbb jgsbñm. Ia sgcugbftb bnuangþf bs para nainuiar ia pmhiangþf antuai qub sb va utgigzar para bi prmybntm qub bs gcuai a ia jbfsgjaj pmhiangmfai pmr bi árba jbi prmybntm< nahb rbnainar qub ia jbfsgjaj pmhiangmfai sb mhtgbfb jb jb ia pmhiangþf aemraja jgvgjgja jgvgjgja pmr bi árba jbi prmybntm.
T;
A
(:.:)
Jmfjb? T ; Tmh Tmhian iangþf gþf (@a (@ah.) h.) J T ; Jbfsgjaj Tmhiangmf Tmhiangmfai ai (`ah. /@a) A ; Árb Árbaa jb apm apmrtb rtb (@a (@a))
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
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NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
:.>.8.- Naujai káxgkm `mrargm jb acuas rbsgjuaibs rbsgjuaibs
(:.2) Jmfjb? K
; Naujai káxgkm `mrargm (i/s) ; Naujai kbjgm kbjgm jgargm jgargm (i/s (i/s)) ; Nmbegngbftb jb pufta
:.>.8.1.-Nmbegngbftb jb pufta Tara ias bnuangmfbs sbcÿf @arkaf y Hahhgt vaigjas para pmhiangmfbs jb 1444 a 144444 `ahgtaftbs. a) sbcÿf @arkmf
(:.5) Bi nmbegngbftb jb pufta sbcÿf @arkaf su ainafnb bstá rbnmkbfjajm bf bi rafcm? h) ^b ^bccÿf Ha Hahh hhgt gt
(:.3)
Bf ims jms nasm nasmss aftbr aftbrgmrbs gmrbs?? K ; Nmbegngbftb jb pufta T ; Tmhiangþf bf kgibs jb `ahgtaftbs. n) ^bcÿf Ei Eimrbs
(:.0) T ; fÿkbrm tmtai jb `ahgtaftbs j) ^bcÿf Tm Tmppbi Zahia :.8.- Uaimrbs jb nmbegngbftb jb pufta
Tmhian Tmh iangþf gþf bf kgib kgibss Nmb Nmbegng egngbft bftbb jb Tufta Tufta (K) (K) 92 8.: a 8 2 a 14 8 a 1.02 14 a 24 1.02 a 1.5 24 a 824 1.5 a 1.>> 6824 1.>> Eubftb? Fmrka Zçnfgna jb jgsbñm para sgstbkas jb ainaftargiiajm ainaft argiiajm
b) ^bc ^bcÿf ÿf nmb nmbegn egngbf gbftbs tbs jb va varga rgangþ ngþff jb nau naujai jai
y
K;
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
3>
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
1) Nmb Nmbegn egngbf gbftb tb jb káxgk káxgkmm naujai naujai jgarg jgargmm (l1) (l1) Bs ia rbiangþf bftrb kaymr naujai jgargm vbrgegnajm ai añm y bi naujai kbjgm jgargm afuai, bi nmbegngbftb l1 varëa bftrb 1.8 a 1.2 sbcÿf ias narantbrëstgnas jb ia pmhiangþf. Ims vaimrbs kaymrbs jb l1 nmrrbspmfjbf a pmhiangmfbs kbfmrbs 8) Nmb Nmbegn egngbf gbftb tb jb jb káxgk káxgkmm nauj naujai ai `mra `mrargm rgm (l8 (l8)) Bs ia rbiangþf bftrb kaymr naujai mhsbrvajm bf ufa `mra jbi jëa jb kaymr nmfsukm y bi naujai kbjgmm jbi kgsk kbjg kgskmm jëa. Zahia Zah ia :.> Ua Uaim imrbs rbs jbi nmb nmbegng egngbftb bftb L8 L8 ZAKAÑM JB IA TMHIANGÞF (`ah) 9 8444 8444 a 14444 14444 a 144444 6 144444
NMBEGNGBFZB L8 8.8 8 1.0 1.2
Eubftb? Fmrka Zçnfgna jb jgsbñm para sgstbkas jb ainaftargiiajm.
:.>.>.- Nauja Naujaii këfgkm këfgkm jb jgsbñm Bi vaimr qub sb anbpta anbpta nmkm iëkgtb gfebrgmr jbi kbfmr castm prmhahib para para nuaiqugbr trakm jb ainaftargiia, qub nmrrbspmfjb a ia jbsnarca jb uf gfmjmrm tgbfb uf vaimr jb 1.2 i/s.
:.:.- NARJ NARJAI AI JB GFEGI GFEGIZXANG ZXANGÞF ÞF Ias nmftrghungmfbs gfjbhgjas bf ias rbjbs jb sgstbkas jb ainaftargiiajm safgtargm, pubjbf sbr mrgcgfarga mrgcg fargass jbi suhsubim suhsubim „ cbfçr cbfçrgnak gnakbftb bftb jbsgcfaj jbsgcfajas as nmkm gfegit gfegitrangmf rangmfbs bs „ m pubjbf prmvbf prmvbfgr gr jbi bfnaunb anngjbftai m niafjbstgfm jb ias acuas piuvgaibs. Ias acuas jbi subim pbfbtraf a travçs jb ims sgcugbftbs puftms?
Tmr ias ouftas jb ias tuhbrëas. Tmr ias parbjbs jb ias tuhbrëas. Bf ias bstrunturas jb ias nákaras jb gfspbnngþf m pmzms jb vgsgta, naoas jb gfspbnngþf, naoas jb pasm, tuhms jb gfspbnngþf y igkpgbza igkpgbza y tbrkgfaibs jb igkpgbza. igkpgbza. Bi nauja naujaii jb gfeg gfegitr itrang angþf þf ( ) bs gcua gcuaii a ( ) pmr ia imfc imfcgtu gtujj (I) (I) jbi trak trakmm jbi nmi nmibnt bntmr mr (k). (k). Zahia :.:.- Uaim Uaimrbs rbs jb Gfegitra Gfegitrangþf ngþf UAIM UA IMXB XB^^ JB GFEG GFEGIZ IZXA XANG NGÞF ÞF BF BF ZRHB ZRHBXË XËA^ A^ (i/ (i/s/ s/k) k) Zuhb Zu hbrë rëaa jb @m @mrk rkgc gcþf þf Zuhb Zu hbrë rëaa jb jb ka katb tbrg rgaai jb jb pi piás ástg tgnm nm Fgvbi Zgpm jb ufgþf Erbátgnm @mrkgcþf Afgiim cmka @mrkgcþf Afgiim cmka Haom 4.4442 4.4448 4.4441 4.44442 Aitm 4.4440 4.4448 4.44412 4.44442
Eubftb? Kafuai para bi náinuim, jgsbñm y prmybntm jb rbjbs jb ainaftargiiajm ’Gfc. Saijm Tbñarafja‛ GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
3:
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
:.2.- NARJAI JB NMFBPGMFB^ NMFBPGMFB^ BXXAJA^ ^b jbhbf nmfsgjbrar ims apmrtbs jb acuas piuvgaibs ai sgstbka sgstbka jb ainaftargiiajm safgtargm, prmvbfgbftbs jb kaias nmfbxgmfbs (jb haoaftbs jb tboajms y patgms). Bstms apmrtbs smf eufngþf jb ia bebntgvgjaj jb ias kbjgja jb nmftrmi smhrb ia naigjaj jb ias nmfbxgmfbs jmkgngigarbs y jb ia jgspmfghgigjaj jb sgstbkas jb rbnmibnngþf y bvanuangþf jb acuas piuvgaibs. Bi naujai pmr nmfbxgmfbs brrajas jbhb sbr jbi 2 % ai 14 % jbi naujai káxgkm `mrargm jb acuas rbsgjuaibs jmkbstgnas. :.5.- NARJ NARJAI AI JB JB^NAX JB^NAXCA CA NMFN NMFNBFZXA BFZXAJA JA Ia nmftrghungþf jbi naujai jb jbsnarca nmfnbftraja cbfbraikbftb prmvgbfb jb gfjustrgas, bstahibngkgbftms nmkbrngaibs (kbrnajms, rbstauraftbs, imnaibs jb hagib), gfstgtungmfbs pÿhignas y takhgçf jb árbas jb bxpafsgþf prbvgstas bf bi prmybntm. Ajbkás jb ims vaimrbs qub nmrrbspmfjbf a ims vaimrbs egfaibs prbvgstms, jbhbf bstgkarsb ims vaimrbs gfëngaibs jb naujai jb mpbrangþf jb naja trakm para prmpþsgtms jb vbrgegnangþf jbi nmkpmrtakgbftm `gjráuignm jbi sgstbka bf sus btapas gfëngaibs jb sbrvgngm. :.5.1. :.5 .1.-- Gfju Gfjustr strgai gaibs bs (Qgfj. ) Ims naujaibs naujaibs jb acuas acuas rbsgjuaib rbsgjuaibss jb tgpm gfjust gfjustrgai rgai varëaf varëaf sbcÿf bi tgpm y takañm takañm jb jb ia gfjustrga. ^g fm sb nubfta nmf bi jatm jb ia jmtangþf jb acua sukgfgstraja, sukgfgstraja, sb pubjb pubjb nainuiar jbpbfjgbfjm jbi tgpm jb gfjustrga, bi naujai pubjb msngiar bftrb 15444 a 10444 i/gfjustrga/jëa. i/gfjustrga/jëa. , bf i/s Jmfjb? Q gfj ; naujai gfjustrgai (its/s) # Gfjustrga ; fukbrm jb gfjustrgas (sbparajm para naja tgpm jb gfjustrga) Jmt. ; jmtangþf gfjustrgai (i/gfjustrga/jëa) (i/gfjustrga/jëa) Eubftb? tbsgs jb ainaftargiiajm safgtargm jb ia ufgvbrsgjaj jb saf Narims jb Cuatbkaia. Autmr Autmr Iugs Arfaijm Bstraj Cmfzaibs.
:.5.8.- Nmkb Nmkbrngai rngaibs bs (QN ) Bstb naujai bstá nmfemrkajm pmr bi acua qub bs jbsbn`aja jb nmkbrngms, nmkbrngms, rbstauraftbs, `mtbibs, btn. ia jmtangþf nmkbrngai varëa sbcÿf bi nmkbrngm a nmfsgjbrar y pubjb bstgkarsb bftrb 544 a >444 i/nmkbrngm/jëa, smim para bstb bobkpim. Tara mtrms prmybntms varëa sbcÿf bi nmkbrngm qub qub bxgstb bf ia zmfa. Bi naujai nmkbrngai sb nainuia jb ia sgcugbftb kafbra? , bf i/s. Jmfjb? Q n ;naujai nmkbrngai (i/s) # Nmkbrngms ; fÿkbrm jb nmkbrngms (sbparajm para naja tgpm jb nmkbrngms) Jmt. ; jmtangþf nmkbrngai (i/nmkbrngm/jëa) (i/nmkbrngm/jëa) Eubftb? tbsgs jb ainaftargiiajm safgtargm jb ia ufgvbrsgjaj jb saf Narims jb Cuatbkaia. Autmr Iugs Arfaijm Bstraj Cmfzaibs. GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
32
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
:.5.>.- Gfstg Gfstgtungm tungmfbs fbs pÿhignas pÿhignas (Q GT ) Bstb naujai naujai bstá nmfem nmfemrkaj rkajmm pmr bi acua qub bs jbsbn`aja jbsbn`aja jb nuartbib nuartbibs, s, `mspgtaibs `mspgtaibs,, bsnubia, bsnubia, ufgvbr ufg vbrsgj sgjajb ajbss btn btn.. ia jmta jmtangþ ngþff Gf Gfstg stgtun tungmf gmfai ai varë varëaa sbc sbcÿf ÿf bi bstahi bstahibng bngkg kgbft bftmm a nmfsgj nmfsgjbra brarr y pubjb pubjb bstgkarsb bftrb 2444 a 12444 i/Gfstgtungmfbs i/Gfstgtungmfbs Tÿhignas/jëa, Tÿhignas/jëa, smim para bstb bobkpim. bobkpim. Tara mtrms prmybntms prmybntms varëa sbcÿf bi nmkbrngm qub bxgstb bf ia zmfa. Bi naujai nmkbrngai sb nainuia jb ia sgcugbftb kafbra? , bf i/s Jmfjb? Q GT ; naujai Gfstg Gfstgtungm tungmfbs fbs Tÿhigna Tÿhignass (i/s (i/s)) # Gfst Gfstgtung gtungmfbs mfbs pÿhignas pÿhignas ; fÿk fÿkbrm brm jb Gfstgtun Gfstgtungmfbs gmfbs Tuhign Tuhignas as Jmt. ; jmtangþf nmkbrngai (i/Gfstgtungmfbs Tÿhignas/jëa) Tÿhignas/jëa) Eubftb? tbsgs jb ainaftargiiajm safgtargm jb ia ufgvbrsgjaj jb saf Narims jb Cuatbkaia. Autmr Autmr Iugs Arfaijm Bstraj Cmfzaibs.
:.3.- NARJ NARJAI AI JB JG^BÑM JG^BÑM
(:.7) Jmfjb? ; Naujai jb jgsbñm (i/s) ; Naujai káxgkm (i/s) ; Naujai jb gfegitrangþf (i/s) ; Naujai jb nmfbxgmfbs brrajas (i/s) ; + + :.0.- NXGZB NXGZBXGM^ XGM^ JB JG^BÑM JG^BÑM Ims nrgtbrgms jb jgsbñm sb rbegbrb rbegbrb a bstahibnbr ias nmfjgngmfbs para ia jbegfgngþf jbegfgngþf y bstgkangþf bstgkangþf jb ims parákbtrms jb jgsbñm qub jbhbf nmfsgjbrarsb bf bi prmnbsm jb jgsbñm jb sgstbkas jb rbnmibnngþf y bvanuangþf jb acuas rbsgjuaibs. :.0.1. Nrgtbrgm Nrgtbrgm jb tbfsgþf tbfsgþf trant trantgva gva para çi nainuim nainuim :.0.1.1.:.0.1.1 .- Zbfsg Zbfsgþf þf trantgva këfgka Ia tbfsgþf trantgva këfgka jbi eiuom jbhb supbrar ia rbsgstbfnga jbi sbjgkbftm ai kmvgkgbftm. Nmkm rbsuitajm jb ias gfvbstgcangmfbs bf bi nakpm y sgkuiangmfbs bf iahmratmrgm rbaigzajm pmr ^`gbijs, ia tbfsgþf trantgva bstá jaja pmr ia sgcugbftb bnuangþf?
(:.1:) Jmfjb?
; Zb Zbfs fsgþ gþff tr tran antg tgva va këf ëfgk gkaa (l (lcc/
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
) 35
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
e ; Nmfstaftb ajgkbfsgmfai ; Tbsm Tbsm bspbn bspbngeg gegnm nm jbi jbi katb katbrga rgaii jb emf emfjm jm nmk nmkmm arbfa arbfa (lc (lc// ) ; Tbs Tbsmm bsp bspbn bnge gegn gnmm jbi jbi ac acua ua (l (lc/ c/ ) ; Jgák Jgákbtrm btrm jbi 74% ai 72% 72% jb ias partënuias partënuias a sbr trafspmrtaj trafspmrtajas as (k) Zahia :.3.:.3.- Uaim Uaimrbs rbs jb e Katbrgai Arbfa igkpga Arbfa bf suspbfsgþf Arbfa pbcaomsa
Nmfstaftb ajgkbfsgmfai (e) 4.4: 4.42 a 4.45 4.0
Eubftb? Fmrka Zçnfgna jb jgsbñm para sgstbkas jb ainaftargiiajm.
; 1 Ta. y bf ims trakms gfëngaibs ia vbrgegnangþf jb ia tbfsgþf trantgva këfgka fm jbhb sbr gfebrgmr a 4.54 Ta. Tmr tai razþf sb ajmpta ufa kbjga jb vaimr këfgkm
:.0.1.8.:.0.1.8 .- tbfsg tbfsgþf þf trantgva trantgva
(:.12) Jmfjb? Eubrza trantgva
((F F/ ) ; Jbf Jbfssgj gjaj aj jb jbii ac acua ua (Lc Lc// ) c ; An Anbi bibr bran angþ gþff jb ia cr crav avbj bjaj aj (k (k// ) ; Xajgm `gjráuignm (k) ^ ; Tbfjg Tbfjgbftb bftb jb ia tuhbrëa tuhbrëa (k/k) (k/k) :.0.8.- Nrgt Nrgtbrgm brgm jb ia pbfjgbftb para bi náinuim náinuim :.0.8.1.:.0.8. 1.- Tbfjgb Tbfjgbftb ftb këfgka :.0.8.1.1.- Tbfjgbftb këfgka para tuhbrëas nmf eiuom iibfm Jb ia bnuangþf bnuangþf :.15 sb jbspboa jbspboa ^ Jmfjb?
Bftmfnbs bi pbfjgbftb këfgkm bs ia sgcugbftb bnuangþf :.15? (:.15) :.0.8.1.8.- Tbfjgbftb këfgka para tuhbrëas tuhbrëas nmf eiuom parngaikbftb parngaikbftb iibfm
(:.13) Jmfjb?
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
33
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
c J `
; Tbfjgbftb këfgka jbi trakm jb tuhbrëa (k/k) ; Zbf Zbfssgþ gþff tra trant ntgv gvaa këf këfgk gkaa (F/ (F/ ) ; Jbf Jbfssgj gjaj aj jbi ac acua ua (l (lcc/ ) ; Anbibrangþf jb ia cravbjaj (k/ ) ; Jgákbtrm jb ia tuhbrëa (k) ; tgraftb jb acua (k)
:.0.8.8.:.0.8. 8.- Tbfjgbf Tbfjgbftb tb káxgka Ia pbfjgbftb káxgka káxgka jbhb sbr nmfsgjbraja nmfsgjbraja para ufa vbimngjaj káxgka káxgka bf ia tuhbrëa jb 2,4 k/s. :.0.>.- Ubimngjaj para para ims náinuims `gjráuignms `gjráuignms
^bcÿf Nmibhrm Nmibhrmml ml „ S`gtb
(:.14) Jmfjb? U ; Ubimngjaj (k/^) J ; Jgákbtrm jb ia tuhbrëa (k) ^ ; Tbfjgbftb (k/k) L/J; Xucmsgjaj rbiatgva jb ia parbj jb ia tuhbrëa (k/k) ; Ugs Ugsnm nmsg sgjjaj ng ngfb fbk kát átgn gnaa ( /s /s)) c ; Anb Anbibr ibrang angþf þf jb ia cra cravbj vbjaj aj (k (k// ) Zahia :.5.:.5.- Uaim Uaimrbs rbs jb ias rucmsgjajbs rucmsgjajbs jb ias tuhbrëas tuhbrëas KAZBXGAI
XRCM^GJAJ \L (k)[ TUN 4.4441 @mrkgcþf 4.444> Egbrrm eufjgjm sgf rbvbstgkgbftm 4.44482 Egbrrm eufjgjm sgf rbvbstgkgbftm 4.444182
Eubftb? Azbvbjm Fbttm (1770)
Tara tuhbrëas nmf eiuom parngaikbftb iibfm sb bkpibara ia bnuangþf (:.11), pbrm nmf ia bxnbpngþf jbi tçrkgfm J qub sbrá gcuai a `.
` ; 4.32*J
^bcÿf Kaffgfc
(:.11) Jmfjb? U ; Ubimngjaj (k/s) f ; nmbegngbftb jb rucmsgjaj jb Kaffgfc (Ajgkbfngmfai) ; Xajgm `gjráuignm (k) ^ ; Tbfjgbftb (k/k)
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
30
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Xajgm `gjráuignm (
) para tuhbrëas nmf eiuom iibfm
Xajgm `gjráuignm (
) para tuhbrëas nmf eiuom parngaikbftb iibfm
Jmfjb? Jmfjb? ` ; 4.32*J J ; Jgákbtrm jb ia tuhbrëa
^bcÿf ia bnuangþf jb nmftgfugjaj
(:.18) Jmfjb? U ; Ubimngjaj (k/s) N jiba jg jsgbsnbñ bñm A ;; Nau Áauj rbaajajibjb rb ngmþf( ( /s)) Árba (A) para tuhbrëas nmf eiuom iibfm
Árba (A) para tuhbrëas nmf eiuom parngaikbftb iibfm
Jmfjb?
` ; 4.32*J :.0.:.- Ubimn Ubimngjaj gjaj nrëtgna nrëtgna
(:.1>) Jmfjb? ; vbimngjaj vbimngjaj nrëtgna nrëtgna (k/s (k/s)) c ; Anb nbib ibra rang ngþf þf jb ia cra ravvbj bjaj aj (k (k// ) ; Xajgm @gjráuignm (k) :.0.2.- Nrgtb Nrgtbrgm rgm para bi afn`m afn`m jb ia zafoa ^b pubjb bxpignar qub a kaymr prmeufjgjaj jb bxnavangþf kaymr bs bi afn`m jb ia zafoa, nmkm takhgçf tbrrbfm tgbfb qub sg bbsbiegrkb jbsigzahib sb va bxnavar pmr tai kmtgvm bs kaymr bivarëa afn`msbcÿf jb ia ia aizafoa nmf qub bftghajm qu afn`mm jb zafoa sgfnuafjm bftgvakgbftm. GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
37
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Ias jgkbfsgmfbs këfgkas jbi afn`m jb zafoas para jgebrbftbs jgákbtrms jb nmibntmrbs sb kubstraf bf ia sgcugbftb tahia :.0? Zahia :.0.- Jgkbfsgmfbs këfgkas jb zafoa Trmeufjgjaj jb bxnavangþf bxnavangþf (k) 98 8a: Afn`ms jb zafoa
Jgákbtrm (kk)
144 124 844 824 >44 :44 :24 244 224 544 344 044 744 1444 1144
^gf bftghajm 4.24 4.54 4.52 4.34 4.04 4.74 4.72 1.44 1.14 1.12 1.82 1.>2 1.24 1.54 1.04
Nmf bftghajm 4.54 4.34 4.32 4.04 4.74 1.44 1.42 1.14 1.84 1.82 1.>2 1.:2 1.54 1.34 1.74
^gf bftghajm 4.52 4.34 4.32 4.04 4.74 1.44 1.42 1.14 1.84 1.82 1.>2 1.:2 1.54 1.34 1.74
Nmf bftghajm 4.32 4.04 4.02 4.74 1.44 1.14 1.12 1.84 1.>4 1.:4 1.24 1.54 1.32 1.02 8.42
:a2
^gf bftghajm 4.32 4.04 4.02 4.74 1.44 1.14 1.12 1.84 1.>4 1.>2 1.:2 1.22 1.34 1.04 8.44
Nmf bftghajm 4.72 1.44 1.42 1.14 1.84 1.>4 1.>2 1.:4 1.24 1.54 1.34 1.04 1.72 8.42 8.82
Eubftb? FH500
:.0.5.- Xbnuhrgkgbftm këfgkm këfgkm a ia nmta niavb Ia prmeufjgjaj jbi rbnuhrgkgbftm jbhb sbr jbegfgja pmr bi náinuim bstrunturai jb ia tuhbrëa gfstaiaja bf zafoa, nmfsgjbrafjm qub ims bseubrzms a ia qub bstá smkbtgja jbpbfjb jb ias narantbrëstgnas jbi subim, narcas jb rbiibfm y vb`gnuiar, tgpm jb katbrgai jb ia tuhbrëa, naka jb asgbftm, uhgnangþf y trazajm bf bi tbrrbfm. Bi rbnuhrgkgbftm këfgkm jbi nmibntmr jbhb bvgtar ia ruptura jb çstb mnasgmfaja pmr narcas vgvas qub pubja bxpbrgkbftar. Asgkgskm, sb jbhbf utgigzar tuhbrëas y annbsmrgms jb jgebrbftbs tgpms jb katbrgaibs, sgbkprb qub nubftbf nmf ia nbrtgegnangþf jbi mrcafgskm nmkpbtbftb autmrgzajm bf bi paës. Ims nmibntmrbs sb prmybntaráf a ufa prmeufjgjaj tai, qub asbcurb satgseanbr ia kás jbseavmrahib jb ias sgcugbftbs nmfjgngmfbs?
Ia prmeufjgjaj rbqubrgja para prbvbr bi jrbfaob jb tmjas ias árbas vbngfas. Ia prmeufjgjaj fbnbsarga para fm gftbrebrgr nmf mtrms sbrvgngms pÿhignms bxgstbftbs bxgstbftbs /m /m prmybntajms, uhgnajms prgfngpaikbftb prgfngpaikbftb bf ias naiibs trafsvbrsaibs trafsvbrsaibs a ia iëfba jbi nmibntmr nmibntmr Rf rbnuhrgkgbftm këfgkm jb 1 k. smhrb ia niavb jbi nmibntmr bf rbiangþf nmf bi fgvbi jb ia naizaja< saivm vëas pbatmfaibs bf qub bi rbnuhrgkgbftm pmjrá sbr kbfmr. Asbcurar bi jrbfaob jb tmjms ims imtbs qub jbf erbftb a ia naiib bf ia qub bstará uhgnajm bi nmibntmr, nmfsgjbrafjm qub pmr im kbfms ias jms tbrnbras (8/>) partbs jb naja imtb, bf prmeufjgjaj, pubja jbsnarcar pmr cravbjaj, partgbfjm ia gfstaiangþf aftbrgmr nmf 4,>4 k. pmr jbhaom jbi fgvbi jbi tbrrbfm y nmf ufa pbfjgbftb këfgka jb qugfnb pmr kgi (12‴) Bf vëas pbatmfaibs pubjbf rbjungrsb ia jgstafnga bftrb ias tuhbrëas, y bftrb bstas y ims igkgtbs jb
prmpgbjaj, asë nmkm ims rbnuhrgkgbftms, rbnuhrgkgbftms, sgbkprb sgbkprb qub sb nukpiaf ias sgcugbftbs sgcugbftbs nmfjgngmfbs? GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
04
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
^b jgsbñb prmtbnngþf bspbngai a ias tuhbrëas para bvgtar su egsurakgbftm m ruptura. ^b utgignbf tuhbrëas jb naigjaj qub caraftgnb qub fm sb prmjungráf egitrangmfbs. Ias vëas pbatmfaibs jgsbñajas prbsbftbf bibkbftms (hafnas, oarjgfbs, btn.), qub gkpgjaf bi pasm jb vb`ënuims. Ims vaimrbs këfgkms pbrkgsghibs jb rbnuhrgkgbftm jb ims nmibntmrbs sb jbegfbf bf ia tahia :.7. këfgk nm RhgZahia nangþf:.7.- Trmeufjgjaj Trmeukëfgka fjgjaja ajbianmibntmrbs niibntmrbs avb jbi nmibntmr (k) Uëas pbatmfaibs m zmfas vbrjbs 4,32 Uëas vb`gnuiarbs 1,44
Tara nasms bspbngaibs nmkm imnaigjajbs nmf bvgjbftbs prmhibkas jb jbsacùb, ims vaimrbs aftbrgmrbs jbhbf rbjungrsb tmkafjm ias prbvgsgmfbs bstrunturaibs y cbmtçnfgnas nmrrbspmfjgbftbs. Ias nmfbxgmfbs jmkgngigargas y ims nmibntmrbs jb acuas rbsgjuaibs jbhbf imnaigzarsb pmr jbhaom jb ias tuhbrëas jb acua.
:.0.5.1.:.0.5 .1.- NAINR NAINRIM IM B^ZXRNZRXAI B^ZXRNZRXAI JB ZRHBXËA^ GF^Z GF^ZAIAJ AIAJA A BF _AFO _AFOA A Bi jgsbñm bstrunturai jb uf ainaftargiiajm safgtargm bxgcb qub ia rbsgstbfnga jb ia tuhbrëa gfstaiaja, jgvgjgja pmr uf eantmr jb sbcurgjaj jbtbrkgfajm jbhbpmr gcuaiar m bxnbjbr jbi ias pbsm narcas nmfnbftrajas y ufgemrkbkbftb jgstrghugjas jgstrghugjas bf supbregngb supbreg ngb smhrb çsta, ia nmkhgfangþf jb jb subim (narca kubrta) y nuaiqugbr narca vgva jgfákgna (mrgcgfajas pmr vb`ënuims, m bstátgna (pmr anukuiangþf jb katbrgaibs), smhrb bi tbrrbfm. A nmftgfuangþf sb `anb ufa jbkmstrangþf jb nþkm sb nainuia ufa jbeibxgþf jb ia tuhbrëa. Anngþf jbi subim smhrb bi tuhm
JAZM ^ JB IA ZRHBXËA Zuhbrëa ^JX>2 Jgákbtrm Jgák btrm bxtb bxtbrgmr rgmr jbi tuhm tuhm J b (k) ; 4.11 Xgcgjbz Xgcgj bz jb ia tuhbrëa T^ (lce/k (lce/k8) ; >85>1
JAZM^jbiJrbiibfm BI ZBX XBFM Tbsm bspbngegnm (lce/k>) ; 8444 Afn`m jb zafoa H j (k) ; 4.2 Aitura jbi rbnuhrgkgbftm @ (k) ; 1 B‗ ; Kmjuim jb rbanngþf jbi subim lc/k8 ; 801880
NAINRIM JB NAXCA^ JBHGJA^ AI XBIIBFM (w j ) Bnuangþf jb Karstmf Bnuangþf Karstmf?? Nainuim jb N j
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
01
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
4.178: 4.1524 4.1244 4.1>44 4.1144
Katbrgai katbrgaibs crafuiarbs sgf nm`bsgþf káxgkm para arbfas y cravas káxgkm para subims supbregngaibs káxgkm para arngiias mrjgfargas káxgkm para arngiias saturajas
Eubftb? FH-500 Tara bstb bobkpim sb bsnmcb b snmcb katbrgaibs crafuiarbs sgf nm`bsgþf pmr taftm l
; 1.>7 ;
Tmr taftm
; 1>74 lc/k8
S j ; 1>74 (lc/k8)
NAINRIM JB IA^ NAXCA^ JGFÁKGNA^ JGFÁKGNA^ JB ZXAF^GZM (St ) tbmrëa jb Hmussgfb Hmussgfbsq sq
Jmfjb? I Imfcgtuj bebntgva (k) 4.7 T ; Narca nmfnbftraja jb ia; rubja Ns ; Nmbegngbftb jb narca jb rubjas (ajgk)
Narca nmfnbftraja sbcÿf bi bob jbi nakgþf Narca káxgka (tmf) bob 2.2 para bob sbfngiim y rubja sbfngiia 14.2 para bob sbfngiim y rubja jmhib jmhib 10.4 para bob jmhib y rubja jmhib 83.4 para bob trgpib y rubja jmhib Eubftb? Fmrka kbxgnafa jb Narrbtbras
Bftmfnbs para bi bobkpim tmkakms bf nubfta bi kás kaymr jb ia narca nmfnbftraja jb ia rubja (T) jb 83444 lc. Nainuim Nainu im jbi Uaimr jbi Ns
Eubftb? Fmrka kbxgnafa jb Narrbtbras GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
08
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Tara uf rbnuhrgkgbftm jb uf kbtrm tbfbkms uf N ^ ; 4.4>2 Nainuim jb Eantmr jb gkpantm (Gt) Eantmr jb gkpantm vs Trmeufjgjaj jb rbiibfm Trmeufjgjaj jb Bftbrrakgbftm 4.4(k) a 4.> 4.> a 4.5 4.5 a 4.7 Kaymr a 4.7
Narr Na rrbt btbr bras as Uë Uëas as jb EE EE.N .NN. N. Tg Tgst stas as jb At Atbr brrg rgza zaob ob 1.24 1.>2 1.12 1.44
1.32 -
1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44
Eubftb? Fmrka kbxgnafa jb Narrbtbras
Bftmfnbs Gt ; 1 para trakms narrbtbrms
;
Tmr taftm
; 72:5 lc/k8
S I ; 72:5 72:5 (lc (lc/k /k8)
UBXGEGNAN UBXGE GNANGÞF GÞF JB ZRHBXË ZRHBXËA^ A^ EIBPG EIBPGHIB^ HIB^ Zbmrëa jb ^pafc ^pafcibr ibr
Jmfjb? ; Eantmr jb jbeibxgmf ; 1.2 para nmfjgngmf jb zafoa. (Karstmf) (Karstmf) L ; Nmfstaftb jb bfnakajm (k) (k) ; 4.1 Asukgjm. (Karstmf) (Karstmf) 8 S j ; Trbsg Trbsgþf þf Narc Narcaa Kubrt Kubrta, a, lc/k ; 1>74 Q I ; Trbs Trbsgþf gþf jb narca narca vgva, vgva, lc/k8 ; 72:5 8
T^ ; Xgcgjbz lc/k ; >85>1 Xgcgjbz jb ims tuhms Bftmfnbs Bftmf nbs
; 2.80 %
Tmr taftm 2.80 % 9 3.2% pmr bfjb sb nukpib bi rbnuhrgkgbftm jb 1 kbtrm para uf afn`m jb zafoa jb 4.2 k jb ufa tuhbrëa jb 144 kk.
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
0>
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
:.7.- TIAFG TIAFGIIA IIA JB NÁINRIM NÁINRIM Tara bxpignar ia kbtmjmimcëa jbi iibfajm jb ias piafgiias jb náinuim para ainaftargiiajm safgtargm, sb jbsarrmiiará bi sgcugbftb bobkpim? Egcura :.8.- bsqubka rbprbsbftatgvm jb ufa rbj jb ainaftargiiajm safgtargm :.>
:.8 2.>
4.82 `a
2.8 > 4.82 `a
4.82 `a 4.>2 `a 4.>2 `a
4.82 `a 8
:.1.1
4.82 `a 4.82 `a 4.82 `a :.1 2.1.1
4.82 `a
4.82 `a
4.>2 `a 4.>2 `a
4.>2 `a 4.>2 `a
4.82 `a
4.82 `a
4.82 `a
2 , 3 8 1
2.1 5.1.1
4.>2 `a 4.>2 `a
2 , 3 8 1
4.82 `a 5 4.82 `a
4.>2 `a 4.>2 `a
4.>2 `a 4.>2 `a
4.82 `a
4.82 `a :.: 2.2
5.1
4.82 `a
>.1 :.2
4.82 `a
4.82 `a
4.82 `a
4.82 `a
4.>2 `a 4.>2 `a
4.82 `a
2
:
>
5.8
2.:
> 2.:.1
Jatms para bi bobkpim? Tbrgmjm jb jgsbñm (t) ; 84 añms mhtbfgjm jb ia tahia 8.1 Tmhiangþf gfgngai (T m ) ; 840 84044 `ah Árba tmtai jbi prmybntm (A) ; 14.: `a Nmbeg Nmb egng ngbf bftb tb jb rbt rbtmr mrfm fm ( ) ; 32 % Ëfjgnb jb nrbngkgbftm pmhiangmfai afuai (g) ; 1.8 % Jmt. Nmkbrngai ; 544 - >444 i/nmkbrngm/jëa i/nmkbrngm/jëa Jmt. Gfstgtungmfbs Gfstgtungmfbs Tÿhignas ; 2444 - 12444 i/Gfst. Tÿh./jëa Jmt. Gfjustrgai ; 15444 - 10444 i/Gfjustrga/jëa i/Gfjustrga/jëa Afn`m jb zafoa sgf bftghakgbftm Jmtangþf ; 74 I/`ah/jga Jbfsgjaj pmhiangmfai ; 82: `ah/`a Nmbegngbftb jb Gfegitrangmf ; 4,44442 i/s/k Nmbe. Jb rucmsgjaj ; 4,414 Naujai kaims bkpmtrak bkpmtrakgbftms gbftms ; 0% Nmbegngbftb jb Tufta ; sbcÿf hahhgt Tbsm bsp.jbi acua ; 1444 Lc/kV> Naka jb arbfa ; 14 nk GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
0:
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Zbfgbfjm bstms jatms sb nainuiará ims sgcugbftbs parákbtrms? Tmhiangþf eutura Tara nainuiar ia pmhiangþf eutura eutura sb bkpiba bf eufngþf jbi takañm takañm jb ia pmhiangþf, jb anubrjm anubrjm a im bspbngegnajm bf ia tahia tahia 8.1, para bi bobkpim bobkpim utgigzarbkms utgigzarbkms bi kçtmjm kçtmjm cbmkçtrgnm. cbmkçtrgnm.
Jbfsgjaj pmhiangmfai
J p ;
; 82: `ah/`a
Jmtangþf Tara nainuiar ia jmtangþf sb utgigza ia tahia :.1 Bi prmybntm bs jb ia zmfa jb ims vaiibs Jmt ; 74 i/`ah/jëa Zbfsgþff trant Zbfsgþ trantgva gva këfgka këfgka Jatms? Katbrgai ; arbfa bf suspbfsgþf nmf ; 8524 Lc/ e ; nmfstaft nmfstaftbb ajgkbfsgm ajgkbfsgmfai fai sb mhtg mhtgbfb bfb jb jb ia tahia tahia :.2 Jbfsgjaj jbi acua ( ) ; 1444 Lc/ ; 1 kk
; 4.7 4.731 31 F/
; 1 Ta
Bf ia piafgiia piafgiia jb náinuim rbprbsbftaja bf ia tahia :.14, sb `a bfukbrajm ias nmiukfas qub sbráf sbráf bxpignajas jbtaiiajakbftb a nmftgfuangþf? Nmiukfa 1? Fukbrangþf 1? Fukbrangþf jb egia. Bf bsta nmiukfa sb bfukbra ias egias jb ia piafgiia. Nmiukfa 8,>, :? Rhgnangþf jbi nmibntmr. Bf bstas nmiukfas sb uhgna ia naiib y nmf quç naiibs sb gftbrnbpta.
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
02
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Nmiukfa 2,5? Fukbrangþf 2,5? Fukbrangþf jbi nmibntmr. nmibntmr. Bf bstas bstas nmiukfas nmiukfas sb afmta afmtaff ims fÿkbr fÿkbrms ms jb ias ias nákaras nákaras supbrgm supbrgmrr b gfebrgmr gfebrgmr jb naja trakm trakm rbspbntgvakbftb. Nmiukfa 3? Imfcgtuj jb naja nmibntmr bf kbtrms. Nmiukfa 0? Imfcgtuj trghutarga. Bs ia suka jb ias imf imfcgtujbs cgtujbs anukuiajas anukuiajas bf kbtrms, jb tmjms ims nmibntmrbs qub aftbnbjbf. aftbnbjbf. Tmr bobkpim? Egcura :.>.:.>.- Imfcg Imfcgtuj tuj trghutarga trghutarga para para bi nmibntmr nmibntmr 8 - >
4.82 `a
4.>2 `a 4.>2 `a
4.82 `a 8
:.1 :.1.1 4.82 `a
4.>2 `a 4.>2 `a
4.82 `a :
Jmfjb? I
; imfcgtuj trghutarga jbi nmibntmr ; im imfcgtuj jb jbi nm nmibn bnttmr
Nmiukfa 7? Imfcgtuj Anukuiaja. Bs ia suka suka jb ia nmiukfa nmiukfa \3[ y \0[ Nmiukfa 14? Árba prmpga bf @bntárbas Nmrrbspmfjb ai árba pbrtgfbftb a naja nmibntmr jb anubrjm nmf bi piafm. GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
05
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Nmiukfa 11? Árba trghu trghutarga targa (bf @bntárbas). @bntárbas). Bs ia suka jb ias árbas anukuiajas bf `bntárbas, jb tmjms ims nmibntmrbs qub aftbnbjbf. Egcura :.:.:.:.- Árba trghuta trghutarga rga para para bi nmibntmr nmibntmr 8 - >
AXBA ZXGHRZAXGA JBI NMIBNZMX 8H->H
Jmfjb? ; Árba trghu trghutarga targa jbi nmibn nmibntmr tmr A ; Árba jbi nmibntmr Nmiukfa 18? Árba Anuk Anukuiaja. uiaja. Bs ia suka jb ias nmiukfas \14[ y \11[
Nmiukfa 1>? Tmhiangþf qub apmrta a naja nmibntmr. Bs ia kuitgpigna kuitgpignangþf ngþf jb ia jbfsgjaj jbfsgjaj pmhiangmfai pmhiangmfai pmr bi árba prmpga. \1>[ ;
* \1 \144[
Nmiukfa 1:? Tmhiangþf Anukuiaja. Bs ia kuitgpignangþf jb ia jbfsgjaj pmhiangmfai pmr bi árba anukuiaja \1:[[ ; \1:
* \18 \18[[
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
03
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Nmiukfa 12? Nmbegngbftb Tgnm m nmbegngbftb jb pufta. Bibcgjm jb anubrjm a ias narantbrëstgnas narantbrëstgnas jb ia pmhiangþf, pmhiangþf, para bi bobkpim sb utgigzara utgigzara ia bnuangþf sbcÿf Hahhgt Nmiukfa 15? Naujai Kbjgm jgargm (i/s). Bi náinuim jbi naujai kbjgm kbjgm jgargm sb mhtgbfb kbjgaftb ia bnuangþf?
Nmiukfa 13? 13? Nauja Naujaii Káxgkm Káxgkm.. Bs ia kuitgpignangþf \12[ y \15[
Nmiukfa 10? Naujai jb gfegitrangþf. Bs ia kuitgpignangþf kuitgpignangþf jb ia nmiukfa nmiukfa \7[ pmr bi nmbegngbftb nmbegngbftb jb gfegitrangþf gfegitrangþf jb ia ia tahia :.>, :.>, pmr bobkpim? bobkpim? Jatms? Zuhbrëa jb TUN Zgpm jb ufgþf ; afgiim jb cmka ;4.44442 i/s/k ; *\7[ Nmiukfa 17? Naujai pmr nmfbxgmfbs brrajas. Bi naujai pmr nmfbxgmfbs brrajas jbhb sbr jbi 2% ai 14 % jbi naujai káxgkm `mrargm jb acuas rbsgjuaibs rbsgju aibs jmk jmkçstgn çstgnas. as. Tmr Tmr bobk bobkpim pim sb ajmpt ajmptaa uf 0 %. \17[ \1 7[ ; 4. 4.40 40*\ *\13 13[[ Nmiukfa 84? Naftgjaj jb nmkbrngms qub bxgstb bf bi trakm tra km Nmiukfa 81? Naujai jb nmkbrngms
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
00
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Nmiukfa 88? Naftgjaj jb Gfstgtungmfbs pÿhignas qub bxgstb bf bi trakm Nmiukfa 8>? Naujai jb Gfstgtungmfbs pÿhignas
Nmiukfa 8:? Naftgjaj jb gfjustrgas qub bxgstb bf bi trakm Nmiukfa 82? Naujai jb Gfjustrgas
Nmiukfa 85? ^ukatmrga naujai jb jbsnarca nmfnbftraja \85[ ; \81[ + \8>[ + \82[ Nmiukfa 83? Naujai anukuiajm \83[ ; \13[ + \10[ + \17[ + \85[ Nmiukfa 80? Naujai jb jgsbñm. Ia bxpbrgbfnga bxpbrgbfnga gfjg gfjgna na qub bi naujai këfgk këfgkmm jb jgsbñm sbrá sbrá jb 1.2 i/s. Tmr taftm sb tmkará tmkará nmkm nmkm naujai jb jgsbñm ai naujai anukuiajm, anukuiajm, sg çstb bs kaymr m gcuai gcuai a 1.2 i/s, sg bi naujai anukuiajm anukuiajm bs kbfmr a 1.2 i/s sb nmimna bi naujai këfgkm jb jgsbñm. Nmiukfa 87? Nmta jbi tbrrbfm tbrrbfm bf nákara gfgng gfgngai. ai. ^b mhtgbfb jbi piafm tmpmcráegnm. Nmiukfa >4? Nmta jbi tbrrbfm tbrrbfm bf nákara nákara egfa egfai.i. ^b mhtgbfb jbi piafm tmpmcráegnm. Nmiukfa >1? Trmeu Trmeufjgja fjgjajj jb bxnavangþf bxnavangþf bf ia nákar nákaraa gfgn gfgngai. gai. ^b jbhb ajmptar vaimrbs jb bxnavangþf sbcÿf ias rbnmkbfjangmfbs jb ia Fmrka Hmigvgafa FH 500.
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
07
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Nmiukfa >8? Trmeu Trmeufjgja fjgjajj jb bxnavangþf bxnavangþf bf náka nákara ra egfai egfai.. ^b jbhb ajmptar vaimrbs jb bxnavangþf sbcÿf ias rbnmkbfjangmfbs jb ia Fmrka Hmigvgafa FH 500. Nmiukfa >>? Trmkbjgm jb ias prmeufjgjajbs jb bxnavangþf.
\83[ ; Nmiukfa >:? Nmta ^mibra ^mibra bf nákara gfgng gfgngai. ai. \>:[ ; nmta nmta jbi tbrrbf tbrrbfmm gfgngai gfgngai (Nmiukfa \87[) kbfms ia prmeufjgjaj prmeufjgjaj jb bxnavangþf ajmptaja ajmptaja (Nmiukfa \>1[). Nmiukfa >2? Nm Nmta ta ^mibra ^mibra bf ia nák nákara ara egf egfai. ai. Bs bi rbsuitajm jb ia rbsta ia nmta jbi tbrrbfm egfai (Nmiukfa \>4[) kbfms ia prmeufjgjaj jb bxnavangþf kás prmeufja jb tmjms tmjms ims gftbrnbptmrbs gftbrnbptmrbs a ia nákara. Nmiukfa >5? Tbfjgbftb jbi nmibntmr bf pmrnbftaob. Ia pbfjgbftb sbrá sbrá nainuiaja jb jb ia jgebrbfnga jgebrbfnga jb nmtas (smibra gfgngai y egfai), jgvgjgja bftrb ia imfcgtuj jbi nmibntmr.
\>5[ ;
„
Nmiukfa >3? Jgákbtrm jb ia tuhbrëa bf kgiëkbtrms. Jbhb ajmptarsb ims vaimrbs jb ims jgákbtrms nmkbrngaibs. Nmiukfa >0? Xajgm `gjráuignm, a tuhm iibfm bf kbtrms. Tara sbnngmfbs ngrnuiarbs bi rajgm `gjráuignm bs ia nuarta partb jbi jgákbtrm.
\>0[ ; Nmiukfa >7? Ubimngjaj a tuhm iibfm bf k/s.
^b jbhb vbrgegnar qub bi vaimr jb bsta nmiukfa fm sba kbfmr a ia vbimngjaj këfgka. këfgka. GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
74
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Nmiukfa :4? Naujai a tuhm iibfm bf i/s.
\:4[ ; Nmiukfa :1? Xbiangþf bftrb bi naujai jb jgsbñm y bi naujai a tuhm iibfm.
\:1[ ; Nmiukfa :8? Xbiangþf bftrb vbimngjaj rbai y ia vbimngjaj a tuhm iibfm. Mhtbfgja jb ia tahia >.8 m ia egcura >.13 Nmiukfa :>? Xbiangþf bftrb ia iákgfa iákgfa jb acua y bi jgákbtrm jb ia tuhbrëa. Bfnmftraja bf ia tahia >.8 m ia egcura >.13 Bobkpim? para ufa rbiangþf jb q/Q; 4.8: ia rbiangþf jb j/J ; 4.>>: Nmiukfa ::? Xbiangþf bftrb bi rajgm `gjráuignm rbai y bi rajgm `gjráuignm `gjráuignm a tuhm iibfm. Bfnmftraja bf ia tahia >.8 m ia egcura egcura >.13 Nmiukfa :2? Ubimngjaj rbai bf k/s. Bs ia kuitgpignangþf jb ias nmiukfas \>>[ y \>5[ Nmiukfa :5? Zgraftb jb bsnurrgkgbftm bf kgiëkbtrms. Bs ia kuitgpignangþf jb ias nmiukfas \>3[ y \:>[ Ims vaimrbs jb bsta nmiukfa jbhbf nukpigr nukpigr nmf ias nmfjgngmfbs këfgkas këfgkas y káxgkas jbi tgraftb jb bsnurrgkgbftm. Nmiukfa :3? Xajgm @gjráuignm rbai bf kbtrms. Bs ia kuitgpignangþf jb ias nmiukfas \>0[ y \::[
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
71
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Nmiukfa :0? Ubimngjaj nrëtgna (k/s) Bs pmsghib gjbftgegnar bi tgpm jb eiuom eiuom bf ia tuhbrëa nmkparafjm bstb vaimr nmf ia vbimngjaj rbai. Bstb afáigsgs bs gkpmrtaftb para rbaigzar bi nmftrmi n mftrmi jbi tgraftb jb bsnurrgkgbftm.
^g ia nmiukfa \:0[ 9 nmiukfa nmiukfa \:2[, bi bsnurrgkgbftm bs suhnrëtgnm. suhnrëtgnm. ^g ia nmiukfa \:0[ 6 nmiukfa \:2[, bi bsnurrgkgbftm bsnurrgkgbftm bs supbrnrëtgnm.
Nmiukfa :7? Zbfsg Zbfsgþf þf trantgva trantgva (F/k8) Bs ia ku kuitg itgpi pigna gnangþ ngþff jb ia ia jbfsgj jbfsgjaj aj jbi jbi acua acua (lc/ (lc/ jb ia cr crav avbj bjaj aj (k (k// ) y ia ia pbf pbfjgb jgbft ftbb
) pmr bi bi rajgm rajgm `g `gjrá jráuig uignm nm rbai rbai (k) (k) pmr ia ia anbibr anbibrang angþf þf
\:7[ ; ^b jbhb asbcurar asbcurar qub ia Zbfsgþf Zbfsgþf trant trantgva gva sba kaymr kaymr a ia Zbfsg Zbfsgþf þf trant trantgva gva këfgka. këfgka. Nmiukfa 24? Afn`m jb zafoa. ^b ajmpta bstb vaimr sbcÿf ia prmeufjgjaj y bi jgákbtrm jb ia tuhbrëa sbcÿf ia tahia :.3. Nmiukfa 21? Umiukbf jb bx bxnav avan anggþf. (
)
Bs ia kuitgpignangþf kuitgpignangþf jb ias nmiukfas nmiukfas \24[, \>>[ y \3[ Nmiukfa 28? Umiukbf jb ia naka jb arbfa. ^b nmfsgjbrará ufa napa jb arbfa jb 4.1 k?
\28[ ; 4.1 x \3[ x \24[ Nmiukfa 2>? Umiukbf jb rbiibfm.
\2>[ ; \21[ \21[ „ \28 \28[[ Nmiukfa 2:? Zmja mhsbrvangþf jbi trakm sb afmta bf bsta nmiukfa.
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
78
> 7
5 1 3 : n 1 > 8 > Q 1 4 . 4 . 4 . 4 4 4 . k m n 1 8 > #
4 4 4 4 . 4
7 1
> 3 > 1 b 1 7 1 1 Q 1 4 . 4 . 4 . 4 4 4
8 3 > 4 . 4
3 0 4 4 . 4
4 > 8 4 . 4
1 2 1 4 . 4
5 5 : 4 . 4
3 0 4 4 . 4
8 2 8 4 . 4
0 2 7 4 . 4
3 0 4 4 . 4
0 4 8 4 . 4
1 2 1 4 . 4
3 : : 4 . 4
3 0 4 4 . 4
3 0 4 4 . 4
> 4 > 4 . 4
4 0 : 1 . 4
3 0 4 4 . 4
1 2 1 4 . 4
1 2 1 4 . 4
> > > 4 . 4
> 1 1 4 . 4
3 4 3 1 . 4
0 1
: > > g 5 1 5 4 Q 4 4 . 4 . 4 . 4 4 4
2 8 4 . 4
: 2 4 4 . 4
: 8 1 4 . 4
: 2 4 4 . 4
5 : 8 4 . 4
: 2 4 4 . 4
> 8 1 4 . 4
8 0 5 4 . 4
> 2 4 4 . 4
> 1 1 4 . 4
> 2 4 4 . 4
: > 8 4 . 4
> 2 4 4 . 4
> 2 4 4 . 4
: 3 1 4 . 4
7 : 1 1 . 4
: 2 4 4 . 4
: 1 1 4 . 4
: 2 4 4 . 4
5 > 8 4 . 4
> 5 4 4 . 4
3 4 2 1 . 4
1 8 4 8
M G X A Z G F A ^ M J A I I G X A Z F A N I A B J A K B Z ^ G ^ . U G . T A N
3 1
5 1
) s / i ( x i a á j k u a Q N m g j b K a t f u T . k u n A
2 1 : 1 1 m >
i p k 8 o b 1 i b j 1 a 1 i i g f 4 a 1 i T . 4 1 . : 7 a i h a Z 0 3
5
1 > 8 4 . 4
3 : > 4 . 4
> 5 : 4 . 4
1 > 8 4 . 4
3 : > 4 . 4
1 > 8 4 . 4
1 > 8 4 . 4
5 1 1 4 . 4
1 > 8 4 . 4
3 : > 4 . 4
1 > 8 4 . 4
5 1 1 4 . 4
7 3 2 4 . 4
5 1 1 4 . 4
3 : > 4 . 4
3 : > 4 . 4
4 4 4 4 . 4
5 1 1 4 . 4
1 > 8 4 . 4
4 2 > 8 > : 8 > 8 8 1 8 > 8 1 2 1 > > 4 1 8
: 2 : 3 1 7 7 0 1 1 8 1 5 7 5 1 1 0 2 1 7 7 8 : > 1 . 1 . 8 . 1 . : . 1 . 8 . 1 . 2 . 1 . > . . 8 . 1 . 2 . 1 . 1 . > . 0 . 1 . 1 . 1 . : . 1 . 1 . 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 8 7 5 4 . 4
7 > 1 . 4
7 5 4 . 4
0 4 > . 4
4 2 4 . 4
7 5 1 . 4
7 7 4 . 4
3 4 : . 4
4 2 4 . 4
7 0 1 . 4
8 4 4 . 1
4 2 4 . 4
7 : 1 . 4
7 7 4 . 4
3 0 > . 4
4 2 4 . 4
4 2 4 . 4
0 > 8 . 4
5 8 3 . 1
4 2 4 . 4
7 7 4 . 4
7 7 4 . 4
0 5 8 . 4
7 5 4 . 4
: 5 4 . 8
: 3 : 1 0 1 4 > 0 3 7 0 2 4 2 0 0 7 3 0 4 4 5 : > 4 . 3 . 4 . 2 . 1 . 3 . 7 . : . 1 . 5 . 1 . 1 . 3 . 7 . : . 1 . 1 . 2 . 4 . 1 . 7 . 7 . 2 . 4 . 4 . 8 1 8 1 8 1 1 1 8 1 1 8 1 1 1 8 8 1 1 8 1 1 1 8 1 5 3 1 1 7 0 7 : 7 : 1 8 8 : : 0 3 1 0 > 5 8 1 2 5 8
> 3 2 : : 2 0 : 1 8 7 4 8 5 7 1 1 : 5 5 > 1
4 3 > 7 8 1 : 3 : 8 : 8 5 8 1 1 > 0 5 8 8
4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 . 8 1 : 0 : 0 > 0 . 4 > : 4 5 . 4 0 : . h 4 . 4 . 4 . 4 . 4 . 0 . 4 . 4 . 1 . 4 . 4 g 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 . 0 . 1 . 0 . 5 . 0 . . . . . . . r 4 5 1 8 0 5 : 0 7 4 8 4 7 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 > 4 4 1 4 4 4 > 4 Z 0 1 > 1 > 1 8 1 > 8 1 1 > 1 8 8
) k ( g a j p m u r t g T c f I m e . f G . k a N
m k a r Z
4 0 . 0 8 1
4 > . 5 > 1
4 > . 5 8 1
4 0 . 0 4 1
5 3 . 0 > 1
4 0 . 0 4 1
4 > . 5 > 1
4 0 . 0 4 1
4 > . 5 > 1
4 > . 5 1 1
4 > . 5 4 1
4 0 . 0 1 1
4 > . 5 4 1
4 > . 5 > 1
4 > . 5 4 1
4 > . 5 4 1
4 > . 5 > 1
4 > . 5 1 1
4 0 . 0 4 1
4 0 . 0 1 1
4 0 . 0 4 1
4 > . 5 > 1
4 > . 5 8 1
3 : . 3 1 1
. p u 1 1 1 1 ^ . 1 . 1 . : . 1 > > . . 8 . . 2 . : . . 8 . . 2 . . 2 > . 8 . . : . . 1 8 1 . : . 2 . 2 . 5 > > : : 1 : : : 2 2 1 2 : 5 5 1 5 5 k : 2 2 5 a N A C @ @ H H C H @ H @ N N C N @ N N @ J J C J @ @ Z T b J B C G
r f t m þ n g b n i 8 a n m g n h i b R j
b i i a n
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: 4 . 7 1 1
: 8 : 8 Z . 1 . 1 . . . 1 . 1 . . : . . 1 . 1 . 8 > > : 8 : : : : : : 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 T
>
1
3 : > 4 . 4
m g 8 3 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 3 3 p 7 7 7 3 8 : 2 8 3 : 3 8 : 8 8 3 : : 3 8 : : 8 7 7 4 m r 0 0 0 1 5 1 1 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 1 5 5 1 1 5 5 1 0 0 T . e . b 4 N m n k > u 2 . 4 3 . 2 > . 2 . 2 8 . 2 0 . 4 2 . 2 4 . 2 8 . 2 7 . 2 4 . 2 8 . 2 3 . 4 2 . 2 7 . 2 8 . 2 8 . 4 8 . 4 3 . 2 8 . 4 2 . 4 2 . 2 > . 2 > . : . 4 A 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 8 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 0 4 4 4 1 4 1 . 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 f h : g þ 4 . . > . 4 . 4 . 4 . 8 . 4 . > . 4 . 8 . 2 . 4 . 8 . 4 . 8 . 4 . 4 . 2 . 8 . 4 . 8 . 4 . 4 . 4 . 4 r g n a Z 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 : 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 0 4 4 4 1 4 1 i h m a T g 2 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 2 2 4 p 2 > . > . > . 2 . 8 . 5 . 2 . 3 . 8 . 3 . 2 . 8 . 2 . 2 . 3 . 8 . 8 . 3 . 2 . 8 . 8 . 2 . > . > . 4 . m r 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 T ) a ` . 4 4 4 : 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 ( k 2 : 0 0 . > . 0 . . 1 . > . : . 0 . 2 . 0 . 5 . 0 . 1 . . 1 . > . 3 . > . > . 7 . . 5 . 0 . 3 . > . u a 0 2 5 4 0 3 0 8 0 2 : 5 2 5 3 5 5 0 3 0 3 0 8 5 > n 5 7 1 b 8 5 8 1 4 : 4 7 4 : 4 8 4 5 4 4 : 4 8 4 3 8 r > 8 4 Á A 1 8 1 2 1 8 1 : 1 8 1 1 8 1 : 1 1 > 8 1 8 1 : 1 >
2
:
7 3 2 4 . 4
A A B A C A G
A A A @ B H C H G
H H E H C H J G
H @ E N C N G
G
N N E N C G
J
N @ E J C J J O
1 8 > : 2 5 3 0 7 4 1 8 > : 2 1 8 > : 2 5 3 0 7 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8
G G A G X A Z G F A ^ A Ë X B G F B C F G
2 7
. s : h 2 M
M G X A Z G F A ^ M J A I I G X A Z F A N I A B J A K B Z ^ G ^ . U G . T A N
> ) 2 > V 8 2
7 :
: 0 . 4 3
3 7 . : 3
3 : . 7 5
> 1 . 1 3
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G G A G X A Z G F A ^ A Ë X B G F B C F G
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Egcuraa :.>.- piaf Egcur piafmm jb jgsbñm egfai
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75
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Bi bobkpim aftbrgmr sb rbaigzara nmf bi prmcraka ^bwbr Naj? Tasmm 1.Tas 1.- nrb nrbar ar uf fub fubvm vm prm prmybn ybntm tm ^bwbrNAJ bs ufa pmjbrmsa `brrakgbfta `brrakgbfta nuafjm sb va a jbsarrmiiar kmjbims jb ainaftargiiajm safgtargm jghuoajms a bsnaia m kmjbims bsqubkátgnms, ya qub bi prmcraka sb bfnarca jb ia ufgþf jb ims fujms jb nmfbxgþf. Cbfbra takhgçf autmkátgnakbftb ia fukbrangþf y ims fmkhrbs jb ia tuhbrëa, fujms, saigjas. fmkhrb (Ibhbi),iasqub asgcfa bijb prmcraka, pubjb nakhgajm bf nuaiqugbr kmkbftm. Nuafjm sb nrbaBi ufa rbj a bsnaia, imfcgtujbs ias tuhbrëas smfsbr autmk autmkátgnakbftb átgnakbftb nainuiajas a partgr jb ia pmsgngþf gfgngai y egfai jb ims fujms bf bi jghuom. Rfa vbz gfgngajm ^bwbrNAJ ^bwbrNAJ bf bi kmjm kmjm ^tafj „ Aimfb, sb bigcb Fbw jbi kbfÿ jbspibcahib jbspibcahib Egib.. Tara asgcfar uf fmkhrb ai prmybntm Egib prmybntm jb ia sgcugbftb kafbra? kafbra?
Iubcm sb bstahibnb ims parákbtrms qub sb vaf utgigzar
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
73
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Bf bstb nasm bi jghuom jghuom vakms rbaigzar rbaigzar a bsnaia?
Tara gkpm gkpmrtar rtar jbi jbi Autm NAJ NAJ ai ^bwbrNAj ^bwbrNAj sb `anb `anb nign nign gzqu gzqugbrjm gbrjm bf bf bi hmtþf hmtþf Hrmwsb Hrmwsb bf ia ia vbftafa aftbrgmr jbspuçs jb husnar bi arn`gvm sb `anb nign bf bi hmtþf Fbxt y iubcm iubcm sb egfaigza nmf bi hmtþf Egfgs`bj Tara bstahibnbr bi sgstbka jb ufgjajbs sbibnngmfb jbi kbfÿ jbspibcahib Zmmis / Mptgmfs y bi bigo goaa ia pbstaña Cimhai Cimhai,, iubcm bigoa bi sgstbka jb ufgjajbs jbsbajm. Tasm 8.8.- Zrazaj Zrazajmm jb ia rbj Tara jghuoar ufa rbj jb ainaftargiiajm, ^bwbrNAJ prbsbfta ufa harra jb `brrakgbftas, jmfjb sb bfnubftraf bfnubf traf tmjms ims nmkpm nmkpmfbftb fbftbss jb uf sgstbk sgstbka? a? nákaras nákaras (Kaf`mib (Kaf`mib), ), pmzm `ÿkbjm (Sbt (Sbt Sbii ), hmkha ( Tukp ), ufgmfbs a prbsgþf ( Trbsurb Omgft ), ouftas nmf tuhbrëas a cravbjaj (Oufntgmf (Oufntgmf N`akhbr ) y saigja ( Mutibt ). Ia `brrakgbfta Tgpb Iaymut, nmkhgfa tmjms ims ims nmkpmfbftbs, y sb annbjb a biims jbi kbfÿ bkbrcbftb qub aparbnb nuafjm sb prbsgmfa bi hmtþf jbrbn`m. Gftrmjunngþf jb jatms Bf ^bwbrNAJ `ay nuatrm emrkas jb gfcrbsar y kmjgegnar ims jatms jb ims bibkbftms.
Jgaimcs.- Tara ia gftrm gftrmjunn junngþf gþf jb ims jatms jatms a travçs travçs jb ims nuajrms nuajrms jb jgáimcm jgáimcm bf bi kmjm kmjm ^tafj „ Aimfb, smiakbftb sb jbhb `anbr jmhib jmhib nign smhrb bi bibkbftm nmf bi kausb. Bsta anngþf anngþf
ahrb ufa vbftafa jmfjb sb pubjb kmjgegnar m gfcrbsar ims jatms. Kubstra uf nuajrm jb jgáimcm para ufa nákara (Kaf`mib).
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
70
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Eibx Zahibs.- Tara bkpibar bstb bsta bsta mpngþf puisb puisb bi hmtþf Zahuiar Zahuiar Xbpmrts bf ia harra jb `brrakgbftas qub antgva ias tahias jgfákgnas qub ib pbrkgtbf bjgtar y kmstrar ims jatms jbi kmjbim bf emrkatm tahuiar. ^b pubjb bjgtar ims jatms nmkm bf ufa piafgiia. Ia egcura :.: kubstra bi rbpmrtb jb tuhbrëas a cravbjaj (Cravgty N`akhbr Xbpmrt).
Kubstra uf nuajrm jb jgáimcm para ufa tuhbrëa.
Jatahasb Nmfbn Jatahasb Nmfbntgmfs tgmfs..- Ias nmfbxgmfbs a hasb hasb jb jatms ib ib pbrkgtb gkpmrtar gkpmrtar y bxpmrtar bxpmrtar ims jatms jb ims bibkbftms jgrbntakbftb jb eubftbs nmkm sbr piafgiias Bxnbi, CG^, K^ Annbss y mtrms.
Aitbrfatgvb Bjgtmrs.- ^b utgigza ias aitbrfatgvas aitbrfatgvas para gfcrbsar jatms para jgebrbftbs jgebrbftbs sgtuangmfbs sgtuangmfbs para su usm bf bi kafbom jb bsnbfargms (^nbfargm Kafacbkbft).
Tasm >.- Narca Narcajm jm jb jmtangmfbs jmtangmfbs Bf ^bwbrNAJ ia narca bstá narantbrgzaja nmkm Narca bf tgbkpm sbnm m nmkm narca bf tgbkpm `ÿkbjm. Ias narcas. bf mnurrbf`ÿkbjm gfjbpbfjgbftbkbftb jbi nigka, sbr bstáf bi acuarbiangmfajas pbrjgja bf ims bkpmtrakgbftms. bkpmtrakgbftms Iastgbkpm narcassbnm bf tgbkpm nmkm sbr gfegitrangþf gfegitrang þf jbnmkm tuhbrëas jgrbntakbftb nmf ia prbngpgtangþf bf bi árba. ^bwbrNAJ jbegfb ias narcas kbjgaftb?
Rfgt Jry Sbat`br Imaj, qub rbprbsbfta ia jmtangþf m ia naftgjaj jb narca qub naja `ahgtaftb nmftrghuyb ai ainaftargiiajm safgtargm
Imajgfc Rfgt Nmuft qub sbrëa bi fÿkbrm jb ufgjajbs m ims `ahgtaftbs.
Ia narca tmtai sbrëa ia Narca ufgtarga (Rfgt Jry Sbab`br Imaj) kuitgpignaja pmr bi fÿkbrm jb ufgjajbs (Imajgfc Rfgt Nmuft). Ias narcas pubjbf sbr apignajas a ias nákaras, pmzms `ÿkbjms y ouftas. Tara annbjbr a ims jatms jb narca jb ufImajgfc. bibkbftm, ahra bi bjgtmr jbi fujm jb gftbrçs (Tmr bobkpim para ufa nákara) y sbibnngmfb ia pbstaña GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
77
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Nuajrm jb jgáimcm para ias narcas
Tasm :.- Eantm Eantmrbs rbs jb eiuom Bxtrbkm Bxtrbkm Rfa vbz qub tmjas ias narcas `af sgjm iibfajas sb jbhb bspbngegnar nþkm sb rbiangmfaráf nmf narca pgnm. Bstm sb rbaigza a travçs jb Bxtrbkb Eimw ^btup Kafacbr, bi nuai bs annbjgjm a nnbjgjm kbjgaftb bi kbfÿ Afáigsgs y bi nmkafjm Bxtrbkb Bxtrbkb Eimws. Bf ia vbftafa Bxtrbkb Eimw ^btup Kafacbr, Kafacbr, `aca jmhib nign bf Hasb Eimw ^btup. Bf bi nuajrm qub aparbnb (vbr egcura :.5) sb bspbngegna qub kçtmjm jb Eiuom Bxtrbkm Bxtrbkm bs apignajm y nuaiqugbr nmfstaftb asmngaja y kuitgpignajmrbs jb aoustb. Tara apignar uf kçtmjm jb eiuom bxtrbkm a ufa ufgjaj jb narca, `aca nign bf ia nmiukfa Bxtrbkb Eimw Kbt`mj y sbibnngmfb bi kçtmjm qub sb bkpibará. Nuajrm jb jgáimcm para ias narcas
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
144
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Tasm 2.- Jatms jb gfegitran gfegitrangþf gþf Tara nmfsgjbrar ia gfegitrangþf bf ufa tuhbrëa jb cravbjaj, jbhb ahrgr bi bjgtmr jb ia tuhbrëa y puisb bi hmtþf bf ia btgqubta Gfegitratgmf ia sbnngþf Tgpb Ibfct` aparbnbrá, bf bsta sbnngþf, sbibnngmfb Gfegitratgmf Imajgfc Rfgt bftmfnbs bsnrgha ufa razþf jb gfegitrangþf pmr ufgjaj jb imfcgtuj.
Tasm 5.- Jatms jb rbstrgnngm rbstrgnngmfbs fbs Tara bi nuajrm jb rbstrgnngmfbs sb nmimna gftbrvaims jb vbimngjaj, nmhbrtura y ia pbfjgbftb< jb gcuai kafbra sb jbsgcfa a qub pmrnbftaob va a eiugr jb ia tuhbrëa tu acua rbsgjuai rbsgjuai para bi sgstbka jb ia sgcugbftb kafbra?
Tasm 3.- Afaig Afaigzafjm zafjm bi ^gstb ^gstbka ka Trbsgmfb bi hmtþf CM para iiakar bi nuajrm jb jgáimcm Nainuiatgmf. (Egcura :.11), sbibnngmfb bi tgpm jb náinuim? Afáigsgs (Afáigsgs) m Jgsbñm (Jbsgcf). Zakhgçf pubjb rbaigzar bi afáigsgs jbi rbkafsm (Hanlwatbr (Hanlw atbr Afáig Afáigsgs) sgs).. Ubftafa jb Náinuim
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
141
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Tuisb bi hmtþf CM para nmkbfzar bi afáigsgs, ufa vbz nmkpibtajm bi náinuim, uf gfemrkb jb rbsuitajm sb jbspigbca (vbr egcura :.11). Ia iuz vbrjb gfjgna fgfcufa ajvbrtbfnga m eaiia, ia iuz akargiia gfjgna ajvbrtbfnga, kgbftras qub ia iuz rmoa gfjgna prmhibkas. Bf bsta vbftafa tbfbkms qub jbngjgr jbngjgr nmf qub kçtmjm jb vbimngjaj vakms rbaigzar rbaigzar bi náinuim jb fubstrm sgstbka. Mpngmfbs jb náinuim
Xbsukbf jb rbsuitajms
GFCBFGBXËA ^AFGZAXGA GG
148
NAT. GU.- ^G^ZBKA JB AINAFZAXGIIAJM ^AFGZAXGM
Tasm 7.- Tiafms y pbregibs pbregibs Tara nrbar ufa vgsta jbi piafm jbi sgstbka, sbibnngmfb Xbpmrt / Tiaf Ugbw / Euii Ugbw. Bsta mpngþf nrba uf piafm jbi sgstbka nmkpibtm sgf gkpmrtar im qub kubstrb ia paftaiia, kgbftras qub sg sb bigcb ia mpngþf Nurrbft Ugbw, sb nrbará uf piafm gcuai ai qub bstç kmstrafjm bf bsb kmkbftm ia vbftafa. Bi piafmjbkmstrajm ia vbftafa sbparaja pubjb gkprbsm m nmpgajm y pbcajm (a, uf prmnbsajmr paiahras,bfpmr bobkpim). Zakhgçf ims sbr piafms piafms pubjbf sbr bxpmrtajms bxpm rtajms aa mtrm Autmiucar NAJ NAJ, sbibnngmfafjm jbi kbfÿ Egib ia mpngþf Bxpmrt tm JPE. Tara nrbar vgstas jb pbregibs, sbibnngmfb jbi kbfÿ jbspibcahib Ugbw / Trmegib m `aca nign bf bi hmtþf Trmegib bf bi kbfÿ jb `brrakgbftas. Bf ia vbftafa qub aparbnb sb jbhb sbibnngmfar bi fujm jbsjb bi nuai sb craegnaráf ims pbregibs. Tara afmtangmfbs `aca nign bf bi hmtþf Affmtatgmf Affmtatgmf bf bi kbfÿ jb `brrakgbftas, `brrakgbftas, bf ia vbftafa vbftafa aparbnb tmjms ims nmkpmfbftbs y jbhbs tgqubar im qub jbsbas. Tiafm a jgsbñm egfai :.>
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5.8
T-84 NZ? 8,28:.58k N^? 8,28>.:8 k
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I? 147.24 ^? k 4.44244 k/k %%n?144kk
NZ? 8,28:.:1 N^? 8,288.03 k k
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^? 4.44584k/k %%n?144kk I? 184.24k
T-7 T-1
^? 4.44317 %%n?144kk k/k I? 184.44k
T-81
T-12
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NZ? 8,28:.:4 k N^? 8,28>.84 k
NZ? 8,28:.:> k 8,28>.8> N^? k
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T-11 I? 147.24 ^? k 4.44244 k/k %%n?144kk
2.1.1 NZ? 8,28:.42k
NZ? 8,28:.40 k 8,288.52 N^? k
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N^? 8,281.11k
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2
T-:
NZ? 8,288.21k
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NZ? 8,28>.35k
5.1
T-8> I? 114.44
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T-15
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NZ? 8,288.71k
5.1.1
NZ? 8,28>.30 k 8,288.>1 N^? k
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T-14
T-8
2.1
T-82 I? 143.44k ^? 4.44244 k/k %%n?144kk
I? 113.24k ^? 4.44244k/k %%n?124kk
NZ? 8,288.18 k N^? 8,284.28 k
T-88
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T-2 I? 113.44k
NZ? 8,281.3> k N^? 8,217.7>k
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T-8:
T-3
NZ? 8,28:.14k N^? 8,288.74 k
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T-1>
T-10
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T-18 NZ? 8,28:.84 k N^? 8,28>.44 k
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2.2
T-13
2.:
I? 143.24k NZ? 8,28:.40k N^? 8,288.:2 k
NZ? 8,28:.45k N^? 8,288.05 k
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NZ? 8,28>.7> k N^? 8,288.85k
T-17 I? 140.44 ^?k 4.44244k/k %%n?144kk
2.:.1
NZ? 8,28>.71 k N^? 8,288.31 k
NZ? 8,28:.44k N^? 8,288.04k
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