Cap 22 - Ensaio de Modulo de Resiliencia

 

C@OÍDFOG AB_ _BHB_ - G[B_QFHG A@ HGMB]GQß]FB - FC@ 

 

A@Q@]CFDGÉÏB AB CßAPHB A@ ]@_FHFÅDOFG 7. Fdtrbauéïb  Fdtrbauéïb 

B obdo`ftb a` Cÿauhb a` ]`sfhfådofg (C]) jbf fdtrbauzfab dg pgvfc`dtgéïb pbr Nv``c `c 7600. @st` gutbr obdohufu qu` b trfdogc`dtb abs r`v`stfc`dtbs m`tucfdbsbs brfifdgvg-s` dg a`jbrcgéïb `hçstfog ags ogcgags sumego`dt`s ab pgvfc`dtb, qu` i`rgvg `xo`ssfvbs `sjbrébs a` trgéïb dbs r`v`stfc`dtbs. B t`rcb r`sfhf`dt` jbf fdtrbauzfab vfsgdab afj`r`dofgr b obcpbrtgc`dtb `hçstfob abs cgt`rfgfs utfhfzgabs `c pgvfc`dtgéïb agqu`h` bms`rvgab dbs cgt`rfgfs cgfs obcuc`dt` utfhfzgabs p`hbs `di`dn`frbs, obcb obdor`tb, géb, `to. @c t`rcbs cgt`cçtfobs, b cÿauhb a` r`sfhfådofg (C]) æ a`jfdfab obcb g rgzïb `dtr` g t`dsïb a`svfb (Ϗa) gphfogag r`p`tfagc`dt` ` g a`jbrcgéïb `sp`oãjfog r`sfhf`dt` obrr`spbda`dt` (ΰr), obdjbrc` g `qugéïb5  C]

Ϗ a  3

ΰ r 

 

B `qufpgc`dtb utfhfzgab pgrg a`t`rcfdgéïb ab cÿauhb a` r`sfhfådofg ab sbhb æ b `qufpgc`dtb trfgxfgh afdícfob. Bs `dsgfbs trfgxfgfs a` ogrigs r`p`tfags bme`tfvgc r`prbauzfr `c hgmbrgtÿrfb gs obdaféð`s a` ogrr`igc`dtb fcpbstgs gbs cgt`rfgfs qugdab sumc`tfabs ës ogrigs a` trçj`ib dg `struturg ab pgvfc`dtb. Db `dsgfb a` ogrig r`p`tfag g jbrég v`rtfogh gphfogag gtug s`cpr` db c`scb s`dtfab a` obcpr`ssïb, a` jbrcg oãohfog, vgrfgdab a` z`rb g uc vghbr cçxfcb, s`dab a`pbfs a`sogrr`igag gtæ gduhgr-s`, pgrg s`r gphfogag dbvgc`dt` gpÿs o`rtb fdt`rvghb a` r`pbusb. G v`hbofaga` ` b jhuxb a` trçj`ib sïb sfcuhgabs r`sp`otfvgc`dt` p`hb t`cpb a` puhsb ` jr`qøådofg ag ogrig gphfogag. 7

 

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@st` `dsgfb æ obdstftuãab mgsfogc`dt` pbr augs jgs`s, s`dab pr`obdfzgab p`hg dbrcg AD@]-C@7?7/;1. G prfc`frg ags jgs`s, ongcgag jgs` a` ‘obdafofbdgc`dtb–, bm e`tfvg r`auzfr g fdjhuådofg ags irgda`s a`jbrcgéð`s phçstfogs ` r`auzfr b `j`ftb ag nfstÿrfg a` t`dsð`s jrutb ag pr`pgrgéïb ab obrpb-a`-prbvg db vghbr ab cÿauhb a` r`sfhfådofg. Æ dg v`raga` ucg s`qøådofg a` ogrr`igc`dtbs afdícfobs qu` p`rcft` abtgr b cgt`rfgh a` ucg obdaféïb obcb a` ‘præ-ga`dsgc`dtb–. G bmt`déïb abs vghbr`s a` C] æ j`ftg dg s`iudag jgs` ab `dsgfb, bda` pgrg ogag pgr a` t`dsð`s Ϗa (t`dsïb a`svfb) ` Ϗ? (t`dsïb obdjfdgdt`) gphfogab æ j`ftg g c`aféïb ag a`jbrcgéïb r`sfhf`dt`. B cÿauhb a` r`sfhfådofg æ `dtïb oghouhgab, bmt`dab-s`, pbr r`ir`ssïb hfd`gr, bs vghbr`s a` L f abs cba`hbs a` obcpbrtgc`dtb r`sfhf`dt` gabtgabs. Ghiucgs fdstftuféð`s orfgrgc sugs prÿprfgs c`tbabhbifgs a` `dsgfb, ghiucgs a`hgs  eç obdsgirgags p`hb c`fb tæodfob-rbabvfçrfb (OB[[@/PJ]E, (OB[[@/PJ]E, GG_NQB, `to.). Bs obrpbs-a`-prbvg tåc sugs afc`dsð`s a` gobrab obc b cgt`rfgh g s`r `dsgfgab. [grg sbhbs jfdbs sïb cbhagabs obrpbs-a`-prbvg obc afc`dsð`s a` 7;,; x =;,; oc. [grg b ogsb a` mrftgs bs obrpbs-a`-prbvg utfhfzgabs pbssu`c afc`dsð`s 70,; x ?;,; oc. Pcg c`cmrgdg a` mbrrgong æ utfhfzgag pgrg `dvbhv`r b obrpb-a`-prbvg ` p`rcftfr g gphfogéïb nbcbi`d`gc`dt` afstrfmuãag ag t`dsïb a` obdjfdgc`dtb pbr tbag g çr`g hgt`rgh ab c`scb, ghæc a` igrgdtfr g `stgdqu`faga` `vftgdab g p`rag a` ucfaga` p`hg hgt`rgh ab obrpb-a`-prbvg. Abfs HZAQs, fdstghgabs db tbpb ab obrpb-a`-prbvg, sïb r`spbdsçv`fs p`hgs h`fturgs ags a`jbrcgéð`s `hçstfogs ` phçstfogs a`s`dvbhvfags pbr bogsfïb ag r`ghfzgéïb ab `dsgfb. B puhsb a` ogrig pbssuf g jbrcg cbstrgag dg jfiurg gb hgab, s`dab obcpbstb a` ucg jgs` a` ogrr`igc`dtb (;,7s) ` a` ucg jgs` a` r`hgxgc`dtb (;,6s), gs qugfs sfcuhgc g pgssgi`c ab trçj`ib p`hg `struturg ab pgvfc`dtb.

=

 

C@OÍDFOG AB_ _BHB_ - G[B_QFHG A@ HGMB]GQß]FB - FC@ 

=. Cba`hbs a` obcpbrtgc` obcpbrtgc`dtb dtb r`sfhf`dt` Bs sbhbs tåc s`u obcpbrtgc`dtb t`dsïb-a`jbrcgéïb `xpr`ssb pbr augs pgro`hgs prfdofpgfs, g pgro`hg r`hgtfvg ë a`jbrcgéïb `hçstfog, qu` o`ssg qugdab g `struturg æ a`sogrr`igag, ` g pgro`hg phçstfog, qu` aç brfi`c ës a`jbrcgéð`s p`rcgd`dt`s, bu dïb r`oup`rçv`fs obc g r`tfrgag ags ogrigs. [grg qugdtfjfogéïb ag a`jbrcgmfhfaga` `hçstfog a`st`s cgt`rfgfs utfhfzg-s` b Cÿauhb a` ]`sfhfådofg (C]). Pcg ogrgot`rãstfog cgrogdt` db obcpbrtgc`dtb a`st`s cgt`rfgfs æ qu` bs c`scbs t`da`c g ucg r`hgéïb t`dsïb-a`jbrcgéïb dïb hfd`gr, bu s`eg, dg cgfbrfg abs cgt`rfgfs utfhfzgabs nç ucg irgda` a`p`daådofg `c r`hgéïb gb `stgab a` t`dsð`s vfi`dt`. @c vfstg afssb, jbrgc orfgabs afv`rsbs cba`hbs qu` `xpr`ssgc C] `c judéïb ags t`dsð`s gphfogags gbs cgt`rfgfs, `sp`ofghc`dt` g Q`dsïb A`svfb (Ϗa) ` g Q`dsïb Obdjfdgdt` (Ϗ?). Qgm`hg 7  7 -  Cba`hbs a` obcpbrtgc`dtb r`sfhf`dt` a` cgt`rfgfs a` pgvfc`dtgéïb bms`rvgabs db Mrgsfh  Mrgsfh 

Dbs cba`hbs gpr`s`dtgabs dg Qgm`hg 7, l7, l=, l?, l1  ` l0 sïb obdstgdt`s bmtfags `c hgmbrgtÿrfb< t æ g t`cp`rgturg< ξ æ g t`dsïb botgæarfog (fiugh ë sbcg ags t`dsð`s prfdofpgfs Ϗ7 + Ϗ= + Ϗ?), Ϗa æ g t`dsïb a`svfb, Ϗ? æ g t`dsïb a` obdjfdgc`dtb ` C] æ b cÿauhb a` r`sfhfådofg. ?

 

C@OÍDFOG AB_ _BHB_ - G[B_QFHG A@ HGMB]GQß]FB - FC@ 

?. ]`ghfzgéïb ab `dsgfb ?.7 [r`pgrgéïb ab cgt`rfgh •

  _`ogr g gcbstrg gb gr, r`auz r`auzfrfr obc b r`pgrtfabr a` gcbstrgs, a`stbrrbgr ` bmt`r ucg qugdtfg sup`rfbr g 1 li<

•

  [gssgr g gcbstrg dg p`d`frg 76 cc, sumstftufr b qu` qu` jbr r`tfab pbr qugdtfaga` fiugh `c p`sb pbr cgt`rfgh pgssgdt` dg p`d`frg 76 cc ` r`tfab dg 1,> cc<

•

  Obdn`ofag g ucfaga` nfirbsoÿpfog nfirbsoÿpfog ab cgt`rfgh, oghouhgr g qugdtfaga` a` çiug d`o`ssçrfg pgrg a`fxgr b cgt`rfgh dg ucfaga` a`s`egag a` `dsgfb<

•

  @dsgogr, fa`dtfjfogr, h`vgr g gcbstrg ë oícgrg õcfag ` a`fxgr `c r`pbusb pbr 7= nbrgs g jfc a` nbcbi`d`fzgr g ucfaga` pbr tbag g cgssg a` sbhb.

?.= Obcpgotgéïb ab obrpb-a`-prbvg •

  Cbdtgr b obdeudtb cbha` trfpgrtfab sbmr` g mg mgs` s` a`st`, a`st`, v`rfjfogr s` gs jgo`s fdt`rdgs ab ofhfdarb `stïb m`c humrfjfogags, fdohusfv` b obhgr `xt`dsbr<

•

  Pcg v`z obdn`ofag g `d`rifg a` obcpgotgéïb ab `dsgfb, `j`tugr b oçhouhb ag qugdtfaga` a` ibhp`s tbtgh ` g ghturg a` qu`ag g s`r`c agabs obc b sbqu`t` ab obcpgotgabr `hætrfob< v`rfjfogr b dõc`rb a` ibhp`s g s`r`c agabs pbr ogcgag< v`rfjfogr g `sp`ssurg jfdgh obcpgotgag a` ogag ogcgag obdsfa`rgdab qu` b c`scb s`rç obcpgotgab `c 7; ogcgags<

1

 

C@OÍDFOG AB_ _BHB_ - G[B_QFHG A@ HGMB]GQß]FB - FC@  •

  Geustgr b obdtgabr ab `qufpgc`dtb pgrg b dõ dõc`rb c`rb a` ibhp`s d`o`ssçrfbs g ogag ogcgag< pgrg sfcphfjfogr, pba`-s` obhbogr uc õdfob vghbr ` a` gobrab obc g d`o`ssfaga`, gi`-s` db afspbsftfvb a` gvgdéb ab obdtgabr<

•

  Cbdtgr b obdeudtb cbha` trfpgrtfab dg mgs` ab obcpgotgabr, hgdégr hgdégr g prfc`frg ogcgag a` cgt`rfgh a` cgd`frg udfjbrc` obc b guxãhfb ag obdong ` `spçtuhg ` hfigr b gpgr`hnb<

•

  Jfxgr b obdeudtb cbha` trfpgrtfab eç cbdtgab dg mgs` ab obcpgotgabr, obcpgotgabr, hgdégr g prfc`frg ogcgag a` cgt`rfgh a` cgd`frg udfjbrc` obc b guxãhfb ag obdong ` `spçtuhg ` hfigr b gpgr`hnb<

•

  Gpÿs g obcpgotgéïb ag prfc`frg ogcgag, `sogrfjfogr `sogrfjfogr g sup`rjãof` obc obc g `spçtuhg< hgdégr gs prÿxfcgs ogcgags ag c`scg jbrcg, r`sp`ftgdab b dõc`rb a` ibhp`s a` ogag ogcgag< ogsb s`eg pbssãv`h pba`-s` hgdégr gtæ g 9 g bu >g ogcgag s`c b gd`h `xt`dsbr<

•

  [grg g obcpgotgéïb ag õhtfcg ogcgag, igrgdtfr ucg mbg qugdtfaga` a` cgt`rfgh obcpgotgab sbmr` g cgrog a` tbpb ab cbha` pgrg qu` s` pbssg rgsgr obrr`tgc`dt` b obrpb a` prbvg<

•

  ]`tfrgr b obdeudtb cbha` ab oobcpgotgabr< bcpgotgabr< r`tfrgr b gd`h `xt`dsbr, tbcgdab b oufagab a` a`spr`da`r gdt`s b cgt`rfgh ga`rfab ës jgo`s fdt`rdgs< rgsgr b obrpb a` prbvg obc b guxãhfb a` ræiug mfs`hgag ` `spçtuhg< r`obhn`r ucg p`qu`dg qugdtfaga` a`st` cgt`rfgh pgrg g oçpsuhg a` ghucãdfb ` gdbtgr b p`sb õcfab< h`vgr g oçpsuhg ë `stujg<

•

  A`spr`da`r g mgs` ab obdeudtb cbha` trfpgrtfab< gdbtgr b p`sb ab obrpb a` prbvg obcpgotgab obc cbha` ` ghégs.

Bms5 æ fcpbrtgdt` qu` g jgs` a` obcpgotgéïb ab obrpb-a`-prbvg s`eg j`ftg pbr obcph`tb ` a` jbrcg rçpfag pgrg s` `vftgr g p`rag a` ucfaga` ab cgt`rfgh.

?.? Cbdtgi`c ab `qufpgc`dtb trfgxfgh afdícfob •

  Gpÿs g p`sgi`c ab obrpb a` prbvg, r`tfrgr gs ghégs c`tçhfogs ` obhbogr b r`stgdt` ab cbha` sbmr` uc gpbfb a` c`scb afíc`trb ab obrpb a` prbvg< r`tfrgr gs jgo`s ab cbha` trfpgrtfab, obc guxãhfb ab cgrt`hb ` uc tgruib a` cga`frg ucg g ucg, tbcgdab b oufagab a` dïb agdfjfogr b obrpb a` prbvg

0

 

C@OÍDFOG AB_ _BHB_ - G[B_QFHG A@ HGMB]GQß]FB - FC@ 

obcpgotgab< obhbogr g p`arg pbrbsg `cmgfxb ab obrpb a` prbvg ` b tbp ogp db tbpb ab c`scb<

•

  Z`stfr g ogcfsg a` mbrrgong db tumb a` vçoub, abmrgdab gs gmgs pgrg b hgab `xt`rdb ab tumb< r`tfrgr b gr `dtr` g jgo` fdt`rfbr ab tumb ` g ogcfsg< pgssgr g ogcfsg pgrg b obrpb a` prbvg< obc b guxãhfb abs `hçstfobs, pr`da`r g ogcfsg dgs `xtr`cfaga`s ab obrpb a` prbvg (tbp ogp ` p`arg pbrbsg)< dïb `squ`o`r a` pgssgr b `hçstfob ag p`arg pbrbsg pgrg g mgs` c`tçhfog ab `qufpgc`dtb trfgxfgh, igrgdtfdab g v`agéïb.

•

  H`vgr b obrpb a` prbvg pgrg b fdt`rfbr ag oícgrg, ghfdngdab bs brfjãofbs ab tbp ogp obc bs HZAQ‖s ` obdohufr g cbdtgi`c ab `qufpgc`dtb.

:

 

C@OÍDFOG AB_ _BHB_ - G[B_QFHG A@ HGMB]GQß]FB - FC@ 

 

1. [hgdfhng a` r`suhtgab [grg g r`ghfzgéïb ab `dsgfb trfgxfgh afdícfob a` jbrcg gutbcgtfzgag, jbf a`s`dvbhvfab uc sbjtwgr` p`hg OB[[@/PJ]E qu` r`ghfzg b obdafofbdgc`dtb ab obrpb-a`-prbvg ` b `dsgfb gutbcgtfogc`dt`, jbrd`o`dab gb jfdgh g phgdfhng a` r`suhtgabs cbstrgag g s`iufr.

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