Cap 1-Introduccion A Las Informatica

 

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NCG 990. NCGB\OIVN@I

NCE. VNÙNCN HZIC JDNENB,

 

OIVJ\NIP8

 

Blhjtnvbs Jspj`ïgn`bs

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Lrncfir tbfbfjsirrbddir jd `bcb`nonjctb tjðrn`b quj pjronti id ucnvjrsntirnb dis milndnfifjs ifj`uifis piri jd oicjhb fj uci `boputifbri y sus i``nbcildjs.  [rbpbr`nbcir dis mjrrionjctis ifj`uifis jc jd jctbrcb pré`tn`b mi`njcfb quj jd iucnvjrsntirnb tjcei uc oicjhb ðptnob jc db rjdi`nbcifb di ncgbroétn`i y bgnoétn`i.  Fjsirrbddir jc dbs ucnvjrsntirnbs, di `ipi`nfif `ipi`nfif fj oicjhb fj dis vnsnbcjs tj`cbdðen`is piri di ncfustrni iutbobtrnz.

 

@BCVJCNFB ONCNOB ^ @IDNGN@I@NÐC @BCVJCNFB 9. NCV\ NCV\BFZ@ BFZ@@NÐC @NÐC I NCGB\OÉVN@I. . NCV\BFZ@@NÐC I DBP PNPVJOIP FJ NCGB\OI@NÐC

IPNPVJC@NI [I\VN@N[I@NÐC [\I@VN@IP IP

J]IOJC

VBVID

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[I\VN@N[I@NÐC/[\I@VN@IP/J]IOJCJP

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@BO[JVJC@NI

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FNI\NI

 

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VJB\N@B y [\I@VN@B VZVB\NID (WNFJB) 

[DZP8

 

@I[NVZDB 9 NCV\BFZ@@NÐC I NCGB\OÉVN@I i)

MI\FUI\J ^ PBGVUI\J.

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PNPVJOIP B[J\IVNWBP. WNFJBHZJEBP.

 

MI\FUI\J Pj rjgnjrj i dbs `bopbcjctjs gïsn`bs quj gbroic jd snstjoi `boputi`nbcid. Vbfb db quj sj pujfj Vb`ir.

 

PBGVUI\J

Pj rjgnjrj i dis ipdn`i`nbcjs Js`rntis jc uc djceuihj @boputi`nbcid, quj tricsontj Ncstru``nbcjs i di @boputifbri y rjidnzi Fnvjrsis bpjri`nbcjs.

 

PNPVJOI @BO[ZVI@NBCID

 

[I\VJP FJ ZC PNPVJOI @BO[ZVI@NBCID

FNP[BPNVNWBP FJ JCV\IFI

@BO[BCJCVJP FJ [\B@JPIONJCB ZCNFIFJP FJ IDOI@JCIONJCVB

FNP[BPNVNWBP FJFNP[BPNVNWBP JCV\IFI FJ PIDNFI

 

[I\VJP FJ ZC PNPVJOI @BO[ZVI@NBCID

 

FNP[BPNVNWBP FJ JCV\IFI VJ@DIFB V\I@ALIDD

DÉ[NX Ð[VN@B

OBZPJ

JP@ICJ\

 

OBZPJ JP ZC [JYZJÙB I[I\IVB OICZID @BCJ@VIFB I ZCI @BO[ZVIFB\I, @Z^I GZC@NÐC JP OBWJ\ JD @Z\PB\ [B\ DI [ICVIDDI [I\I FI\ Ð\FJCJP.

 

V\I@ALIDD JP ZC FNP[BPNVNWB JC JD YZJ PJ LBDI @BC DIOZJWJ OICB,ZCI JC DZEI\ FJ JPVI\ ILIHB ^ I\\IPV\I\DI I\\IPV\I\D I [B\ ZCI PZ[J\GN@NJ.

 

VJ@DIFB

FNP[BPNVNWB FJ JCV\IFI OÉP @BOØCOJCVJ ZVNDNXIFB YZJ JC VBFBP JC@BCV\IOBP DBP JYZN[BP @BO[ZVI@NBCIDJP. DIP PBC8[\NC@N[IDJP VJ@DIP

 

AJ^LBI\F (VJ@DIFB) VJ@DI JP@I[J

VJ@DIP FJ GZC@NÐC

VJ@DIFB CZOÎ\N@B

VJ@DI @BCV\BD

VJ@DIP FJ FJP[DIXIONJCVB

VJ@DI IDV LI\\I JP[I@NIFB\I

 

JP@ICJ\ [J\ONVJ DI NCV\BFZ@@NÐC FJ NOÉEJCJP E\ÉGN@IP I DI @BO[ZVIFB\I OJFNICVJ ZC PNPVJOI FJ OIV\N@JP FJ [ZCVBP, @BOB \JPZDVIFB FJ ZC LI\\NFB Ð[VN@B FJD FB@ZOJCVB.

 

[\B@JPIONJCVB CVB FNP[BPNVNWBP FJ [\B@JPIONJ

 

FNP[BPNVNWBP FJ [\B@JPIONJCVB

DI WJDB@NFIF FJD \JDBH NCVJ\CB FJ ZC ON@\B[\B@JPIFB\ PJ ONFJ JC OJEIMJ\VX ^ FJVJ\ONCI YZJ VIC \É[NFB DI @[Z [ZJFJ [\B@JPI\ DI NCGB\O B\OI@NÐC. IPNO PNONPOB, ZC LZ LZJJC ON@\ ON @\B[ B[\B \B@J @JPI PIFB FB\ \ @B @BOL OLNC NCIF IFB B @BC @BC ZC ZCI I ID IDVI VI WJDB@NFIF, [J\ONVJ I DI @BO[ZVIFB\I [\B@ [\ B@JP JPI\ I\ E\ E\IC IC @I @ICV CVNF NFIF IF FJ NC NCGB GB\O \OI@ I@NÐ NÐC C

 

FNP[BPNVNWBP FJ [\B@JPION [\B@JPIONJCVB JCVB Zcnfif @jctrid fj [rb`jsionjctb (@[Z).

JP ZC ON@\B[\B@JPIFB\ YZJ GZC@NBCI @BOB FJ DI JD "@J\JL\B" @BO[ZVIFB\I.

 

OJOB\NI JPVÉ @BO[ZJPVI FJ V\ICPNPVB\JP NO[\JPBP JC [JYZJÙBP @MN[P FJ PNDN@NB.

DBP FBP VN[BP [\NC@N[IDJP FJ OJOB\NI PBC8

\BO (OJOB\NI FJ PÐDB DJ@VZ\I)

\IO (OJOB\NI FJ I@@JPB IDJIVB\NB)

 

FNP[BPNVNWBP FJ IDOI@JCIONJCVB FNP[BPNVNWBP JC DBP @ZIDJP EZI\FIOBP FIVBP, JO[DJICFB FNGJ\JCVJP VJ@CBDBEÏIP, PJI JDJ@V\ÐCN@IOJCVJ, Ð[VN@IOJCVJ, JV@.

 

FNP[BPNVNWBP FJ IDOI@JCIONJCVB FNP@B FZ\B

JPVÉ @BO[ZJPVB [B\ CZOJ\BPBP FNP@BP FJ IDZONCNB \J@ZLNJ\VBP [B\ ZC OIVJ\NID PJCPNLDJ I IDVJ\I@NBCJP OIECÎVN@IP, ZCB PBL\J JD BV\B IV\IWJPIFBP ^ ZCNFBP [B\ ZC JHJ. @IFI FNP@B [BPJJ FBP [JYZJÙBP @ILJXIDJP, ZCB JC @IFI @I\I

 

FNP[BPNVNWBP FJ @F \BO

FNP@B JC JD YZJ DI NCGB\OI@NÐC PJ E\ILI ^ PJ DJJ OJFNICVJ \I^BP DÉPJ\. VNJCJ ZCI E\IC @I[I@NFIF FJ IDOI@JCIONJCVB.

IDOI@JCIONJCVB

 

FNP[BPNVNWBP FJ IDOI@JCIONJCVB OJOB\NI GDIPM(ZPL)

JP ZC VN[B FJ OJOB\NI YZJ PJ @BOJ\@NIDNXI [I\I JD ZPB FJ I[I\IVBP [B\VÉVNDJP, @BOB @ÉOI\IP FNENVIDJP B IEJCFIP JDJ@V\ÐCN@IP. PJ @BCJ@VI I DI @BO[ZVIFB\I I V\IWÎP FJD [ZJ\VB ZPL B GN\JUN\J.

 

FNP[BPNVNWBP FJ PIDNFI

PBC VBFBP IYZJDDBP YZJ CBP [J\ONVJC BLVJCJ\ DI NCGB\OI@NÐC [\B@JPIFI [B\ DI @BO[ZVIFB\I

 

FNP[BPNVNWBP FJ PIDNFI JP ZC I[I\IVB JC JD YZJ PJ [ZJFJ FIVBP FJ\J[\JPJCVI\ VN[B VJ]VB BDBP E\ÉGN@BP [\B@JPIFBP [B\ DI @BO[ZVIFB\I. J]NPVJC OBCNVB\JP FJ VZLB FJ \I^BP @IVÐFN@BP , FJ @\NPVID DÏYZNFB ^ FJ [DIPOI

 

FNP[BPNVNWBP FJ PIDNFI PBC I[I\IVBP YZJ WI@ÏIC JC [I[JD, DI NCGB\OI@NÐC @BCVJCNFI JC DI OJOB\NI [\NC@N[ID FJ DI @BO[ZVIFB\I. J]NPVJC NO[\JPB\IP FJ OIV\ÏX FJ [ZCVB, NC^J@@NÐC FJ VNCVI ^ DIPJ\.

 

FNP[BPNVNWBP FJ PIDNFI Js jd fnspbsntnvb fj sidnfi fj iufnb fj dbs snstjois `boputi`nbcidjs. `boputi`nbci djs. Misti ojfnifbs fj 9>=;, dis `boputifbris sðdb usilic uc pirdictj nctjrcb (nc`brpbrifb) quj dnontili jd sbcnfb fj sidnfi i snopdjs ljjps. Mby jc fïi, dbs pirdictjs jxtjrcbs sbc ouy `boucjs y prbfu`jc uc sbcnfb fj `idnfif jstîrjb

 

FNP[BPNVNWBP FJ PIDNFI JP ZC I[I\IVB YZJ ZCI WJX @BCJ@VIFB OBFZDI DI PJÙID LNCI\NI JC BCFIP B PJÙIDJP ICÉDBEIP [J\ONVNJCFB FJ ÎPVI OICJ\I I[\BWJ@MI\ DI NCG\IJPV\Z@VZ\I VJDJGÐCN@I J]NPVJCVJ JC CZJPV\B OZCFB [I\I JCWNI\ [B\ DI ONPOI WÏI, WBX, FIVBP, NOÉEJCJP ^ ZCI WJX FJD BV\B DIFB FJOBFZDI FN@MIP PJÙIDJP.

 

Ncstidi`nðc fj sbgtwirj fjd snstjoi bpjritnvb y frnvjr (@bctrbdifbr)

 

Ncstidi`nðc fj sbgtwirj fjd snstjoi bpjritnvb y frnvjr (@bctrbdifbr)

 

²Yuî js uc snstjoi bpjritnvb2

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Zc snstjoi bpjritnvb js uci sjrnj fj prberiois quj sj jc`ireic fj oicjhir dbs fngjrjctjs fnspbsntnvbs mirfwirj fj uc

jqunpb, piri ipdn`i`nbcjs, pjrontnr di nctjri``nðc fj dis fngjrjctjs quj id gncid pujfjc b cb tjcjr nctjri``nðc `bc dbs usuirnbs.

 

²[iri quî snrvj uc snstjoi bpjritnvb2 

Jd snstjoi bpjritnvb sj id ncn`ni iutboétn`iojctj jc`jcfjr jd jqunpb. Dis guc`nbc guc `nbcjs js fj fj lbbt lbbt b irricquj fj di LNBP fj di oéqunci, sbc dis jc`ireifis fj fir ncn`nb n cn`nb id snstjoi bpjritnvb.

 

²@uéctbs tnpbs fj snstjois bpjritnvbs jxnstjc2

FJPAVB[/DI[VB[

OBCBZPZI\NB

OÐWNDJP

OZDVNZPZI\NB

M^[J\WNPB\JP  

WNFJB HZJEBP 

Dis oir`is fj iutboðvndjs tnjcjc jc `bctri jd mj`mb fj quj `ifi vjz miy oés hðvjcjs nctjrjsifbs jc ojfnbs idtjrcitnvbs fj tricspbrtj, `bob di ln`n`djti, b jc `bc`jptbs `bob jd @ir [bbd, pbr db quj jd fjsjb fj tjcjr uc iutb prbpnb vi pjrfnjcfb gujrzi `bc jd tnjopb.



[br jddb, dis oir`is fj iutboðvndjs tjcfréc quj ejcjrir jstritjenis y prbfu`tbs `ifi vjz oés cbvjfbsbs sn js quj qunjrjc `bcvjrtnr jc iutbobvndnstis i dbs onddbcjs fj hðvjcjs quj mby jc fïi prjgnjrjc utndnzir ipps `bob Zljr, b snopdjojctj usir uci ln`n`djti.

PJ\WJ\

 

VJPDI I\@IFJ 

Vjsdi `bc Icfrbnf Iutb, `uybs snstjois sj vidjc fj uci sjrnj fj hujebs fnsjùifbs jspj`ïgn`iojctj piri dbs `b`mjs, `bc dbs quj pbfjobs nctjri`tuir pbr ojfnb fjd vbdictj b dbs oicfbs fjd `b`mj, pbr cb ojc`nbcir di `bopitnlndnfif `bc oicfbs fj `bcsbdi.

 

[\I@VN@I C»9 ? 9;80; IO @bctjstj db sneunjctj8 i)

Js`rn Js`rnlj lj ddii fj fjgncn` gncn`nðc nðc fj nncgbro cgbroétn` étn`i. i.

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Ncvjstneuj quj js uci tirhjti oifrj y quj js uc `mnp LNBP.