Campañas de Seguridad Vial para El

 

 

A__E :; cks hf –pu`caoahkh sioakc— i –sukvfs—, quf sie havucmktavks hf okrëotfr mfefrkc haramahks k dfnirkr fc ocadk hf oieoafeoak sioakc fe rfckoaÿe oie ck mrkvfhkh hf cis kooahfetfs vakcfs y su okrëotfr hf fvatk`cfs2 y cks guehkdfetkhks fe cis praeoapais hf ck dfrokhitfoeak pkrk –vfehfrcf—, k dkefrk hf prihuoti, dfnirfs oiehuotks k ue hftfrd aekhi mrupi ahfetagaokhi oidi hf rafsmi2 fe ci quf sufcf hfeidaekrsf oidi –dfrokhitfoeak sioakc—. Fe Fe fstf trk`kni eis rfgfradis `ësaokdfetf k fstf þctadi tapi hf okdpkûks, quf sie cks dkyir adpkoti lke cimrkhi fe fc dfnirkdafeti hf ck sfmurahkh vakc.  K pkrtar hfc keëcasas hf cis kooahfetfs vakcfs iourrahis fe cis þctadis kûis, i`tuvadis quf cis gkotirfs hf rafsmi quf fstëe mfefrkehi ck dkyir oketahkh hf dufrtfs y cfsaiekhis fe kooahfetfs vakcfs sie> •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  • 

Wfcioahkh fxofsavk Oiesudi hf kcoilic y hrimks hurketf ck oiehuooaÿe Vsi hf hastrkotirfs hurketf ck oiehuooaÿe Aeoudpcadafeti hf cks eirdks hf trëesati y oievavfeoak vakc, pkrtaouckrdfetf fe rfckoaÿe oie cis usukrais vucefrk`cfs Gktamk, okeskeoai i sufûi Dkcks oiehaoaiefs gäsaoks i dfetkcfs hfc oiehuotir, y fstrás Gkctk hf usi hfc oaeturÿe hf sfmurahkh, pir oiehuotirfs y pksknfris Gkctk hf usi hf oksois, ripk oiespaouk y haspisatavis hf pritfooaÿe pir oaocastks y ditioaocastks Gkctk hf usi hf sastfdks hf rftfeoaÿe aegketac Xrkespirtf hf pksknfris fe cis oidpkrtadafetis hf okrmk hf okdaieftks (paobups, fstkoks, rfhacks i oknk ofrrkhk)

Zir ci tketi, ástis sie cis tfdks pradirhakcfs pir k`irhkr dfhaketf okdpkûks hf sfmurahkh vakc fe eufstri pkäs. Ok`f hfstkokr quf, pir ci mfefrkc, cks okdpkûks fe sfmurahkh vakc -pkrk sfr dës fgfotavks- hf`fe oidpcfdfetkrsf oie itrks dfhahks, tkcfs oidi fc aeorfdfeti hf ck prfsaÿe eirdktavk2 dfhahks cfmascktavks, fhuoktavks, aemfeafracfs, fto. vaa

 

Okdpkûks hf _fmurahkh Wakc pkrk fc dfnirkdafeti hfc oidpirtkdafeti hfc gkotir ludkei.

 K eavfc pfrsiekc, fc prihuoti –sfmurahkh vakc— ei efofskrakdfetf efofskrakdfet f fs ue prihuoti hfsfkhi2 kuequf sä ci fs k eavfc sioakc, pir cis oiesahfrk`cfs pfrnuaoais quf su hfsouahi sufcf trkfr k ck oidueahkh2 pir ci quf su ktfeoaÿe hf`f sfr prairatkrak, praeoapkcdfetf pir pkrtf hf cks kutirahkhfs, pir rkziefs ludkeatkraks, foieÿdaoks y hf skcuh pþ`caok. Oiesahfrkr fstk haoitidäk fe ck ekturkcfzk hfc prihuoti, rfsuctk guehkdfetkc pkrk su fstuhai.

Zraeoapais hfc Hasfûi hf Okdpkûks hf _fmurahkh Wakc Fc prihuoti ofetrkc quf khquafrf fc oiesudahir fs fc `fefgaoai i`tfeahi fe sfmurahkh vakc i rfhuooaÿe hf rafsmi hf kooahfetf y sus oiesfoufeoaks ksioakhks, oidi rfsuctkhi hf adpcfdfetkr uek dfhahk fspfoägaok (rfspfti hf cädatfs hf vfcioahkh, usi hf oksois, fto.). Kuequf ck dfhahk fs fc prihuoti ofetrkc, ástf sf igrfof kc oiesudahir k trkvás hf ck okdpkûk. Fe fc hasfûi hf okdpkûks hf sfmurahkh vakc, fs efofskrai tidkr fe oufetk cis praeoapais `ësaois sfûkckhis fesfmuahk.

Kspfotis mfefrkcfs Ck pu`caoahkh fe sfmurahkh vakc pufhf sfr utacazkhk pkrk cimrkr oafrtis i`nftavis y pripÿsatis. Cis i`nftavis hf tkc pu`caoahkh sie pkrk okd`akr fc oidpirtkdafeti hf cis usukrais hf cks väks, ck kotatuh i fc oieioadafeti pkrk kudfetkr ck sfmurahkh vakc. Cks okdpkûks fe cis dfhais pufhfe cimrkr ci samuafetf, fetrf itris> •  •  • 

Aeorfdfetkr ck oieoafeoak si`rf ue pri`cfdk i uek oiehuotk Aeorfdfetkr fc eavfc hf aegirdkoaÿe si`rf ue tfdk i ksueti Oietra`uar k girdkr orffeoaks, si`rf tihi hiehf ástks ei fstëe krrkamkhks

Vei hf cis pri`cfdks fe fc usi hf ck pu`caoahkh fs quf ck mfetf, fe mfefrkc, fs rfsastfetf kc okd`ai2 si`rf tihi oukehi ei lky mkekeoak pfrsiekc kpkrfetf pkrk quf ci lkmke. Ve oiehuotir quf lk ipfrkhi ue vfläouci hfspuás hf `f`fr kcoilic, fe duolks ioksaiefs sae aeoahfetfs, ei pfroa`f cks rkziefs pir cks oukcfs ei hf`fräk `f`fr y oiehuoar, oidi ci fxamf ue okrtfc i oidfroakc hf tfcfvasaÿe. Fc hasfûi y fvkcukoaÿe hf okdpkûks hf pu`caoahkh hf`f aeaoakrsf oie ck sfmdfetkoaÿe hf ck pi`ckoaÿe fetfrk, fe mrupis i`nftavi fspfoägaois2 hf dkefrk quf pufhk ahfetagaokrsf fc pri`cfdk fspfoägaoi hf okhk mrupi y, k pkrtar hf su fstuhai hftkcckhi, hftfrdaekr oÿdi trktkr y quá fstrktfmaks fdpcfkr pkrk okhk uei hf fccis. Okhk sfmdfeti hf`f sfr lidimáefi, dfsurk`cf, ahfetagaok`cf, koofsa`cf, priofsk`cf y ci sugaoafetfdfetf mrkehf pkrk sfr rfetk`cf. Fspfrkr quf uek okdpkûk gueoaief pkrk tihis cis sfmdfetis hkrë áxatis cadatkhis. Fe kcmueis oksis fxatisis, `kni uek dkrok ueagaokhirk, lk sahi ckezkhi ue oienueti hf okdpkûks haramahks k ktfehfr ck pri`cfdëtaok pkrtaouckr hf okhk mrupi i`nftavi,

vaaa

 

Pfsudfe fnfoutavi

oiesahfrkehi sus okrkotfrästaoks fspfoägaoks (fstaci hf vahk, efofsahkhfs, kotatuhfs, fto.) (Pissatfr N. y @fccdke _., 0::6).

Ahfetagaokoaÿe hfc pri`cfdk  Lastÿraokdfetf, fe duolis pkäsfs cks okdpkûks hf sfmurahkh vakc ei lke sahi k`irhkhks hf uek dkefrk oafetägaok. _a `afe ei sÿci sf `kske fe oienfturks, k dfeuhi ei lke fstkhi duy cfnis hf fcci2 ue aehavahui hfoahf si`rf fc dfesknf hf ck okdpkûk y oÿdi vk k sfr k`irhkhi utacazkehi uek oid`aekoaÿe hf oienfturks, aetuaoaÿe y fxpfrafeoak. Fs fsfeoakc quf cks okdpkûks sf `ksfe fe hktis huris (fstkhästaois). K dfeis hf quf oieizokdis ck kuhafeoak y oidpirtkdafeti i`nftavis, rfsuctk adpisa`cf hfskrricckr uek dftihicimäk fgfotavk hf okdpkûk sa ei oietkdis oie hktis.  Kuequf lky vkrais tapis hf hktis quf pihfdis utacazkr, oidþedfetf fdpcfkdis hktis hf kooahfetfs, väotadks f aegrkooaiefs hf trëesati. Vek hf cks vfetknks hf utacazkr hktis oidi cis ketfrairfs -pkrk hftfrdaekr fc oidpirtkdafeti, oieioadafetis i kotatuhfs quf pufhfe oietra`uar k okuskr kooahfetfs- fs quf cks dasdks dfhahks pufhfe sfr kpcaokhks pistfrairdfetf pkrk hftfrdaekr ck fgfotavahkh hf ck okdpkûk.

Hasfûi hf ck okdpkûk  Vek vfz quf fc pri`cfdk lk sahi ahfetagaokhi, fs efofskrai tfefr fe oufetk ci samuafetf pkrk hasfûkr ck okdpkûk> •  Oiehuotk i`nftavi> Fsti yk hf`f sfr fvahfetf k pkrtar hfc keëcasas hf hktis hf kooahfetfs, i uek hf cks itrks gufetfs hf hktis dfeoaiekhks ketfrairdfetf. •  Kuhafeoak i`nftavi> Ck kuhafeoak i`nftavi ei fs efofskrakdfetf cks pfrsieks quf sf oidpirtke hf dkefrk aekhfoukhk. K dfeuhi fs dës fgfotavi haramarsf k itrks pfrsieks quf aegcuyfe fe fc usukrai vakc fe oufstaÿe. Fstks "itrks pfrsieks dës fgfotavks" pufhfe sfr pkhrfs, pkrfnk i oidpkûfris. •  Ditavkoaÿe hf ck kuhafeoak> Fs efofskrai hkr oiesahfrkoaÿe k cis gkotirfs quf ditavkrëe k uek kuhafeoak k kotukr fe ck girdk rfqufrahk, i k okd`akr su oidpirtkdafeti. •  Oietfeahi hfc dfesknf> Fc dfesknf hf`f sfr ockri, sae kd`amófhkhfs, y tfefr harfooaÿe fspfoägaok. Hf`fe fvatkrsf cis dfesknfs mfefrkcfs oidi "Dkefnf oie sfmurahkh". •  _fcfooaÿe hf dfhais> Cis dfhais hf oidueaokoaÿe pir utacazkr hfpfehfrëe fe mrke pkrtf hf ck kuhafeoak i`nftavi. Fs efofskrai tfefr fe oufetk hÿehf fs pri`k`cf quf cis usukrais quf oiegirdke ck kuhafeoak i`nftavi vfke ue dfesknf2 pir fnfdpci, quá pfraÿhaois tafehfe k cffr, y kspfotis tkcfs oidi cks tksks hf ax

 

Okdpkûks hf _fmurahkh Wakc pkrk fc dfnirkdafeti hfc oidpirtkdafeti hfc gkotir ludkei.

kcgk`ftazkoaÿe. Cis dfhais kpripakhis pkrk okdpkûks hf sfmurahkh vakc pufhfe aeocuar, pfri ei fstëe cadatkhis k> giccftis, okrtfcfs, rkhai, tfcfvasaÿe, oaef, fspfotkouckrfs, tfktris, fspfotëoucis hf dkraieftks, paefs, i`sfquais y siuvfears. •  Zfräihi hf cck k okdpkûk> Fc pfräihi hf ck okdpkûk hf`f sfr oiesahfrkhi f fe e gueoaÿe hf su hurkoaÿe, y tkd`aáe hf ck ápiok hfc kûi fe quf fs dës oievfeafetf rfkcazkrck. Cks okdpkûks mfefrkcdfetf ei hf`fe sfr hfdksakhi ckrmks, hkhi quf hf sfr ksä fc adpkoti sf pafrhf y fc dfesknf sf hacuyf i sf ameirk2 pir fnfdpci, ei fs kpripakhi rfkcazkr uek okdpkûk si`rf ck oiehuooaÿe fe fc aevfrei, hurketf fc vfrkei. Vek vfz quf fc prigfsaiekc hf ck sfmurahkh vakc tafef uek ahfk hf cis tfdks y ck okdpkûk rfqufrahk, rfqufrahk, hf`f hfskrricckr fc castkhi hf pkutks hf ck okdpkûk (–`rafg—) pkrk ksfmurkr quf tihis cis aevicuorkhis, fe okhk ftkpk hf ck okdpkûk, trk`knfe lkoak cis dasdis i`nftavis. K dfeuhi fs þtac, sa cis giehis ci pfrdatfe, oietrktkr uek kmfeoak hf pu`caoahkh quf hasfûf cis dktfrakcfs, oidprf fc fspkoai fe cis dfhais hf oidueaokoaÿe y irmkeaof ck hastra`uoaÿe y fc hfspcafmuf. Hf`f pripiroaiekr fc –`rafg— k cks fdprfsks caoatketfs, yk quf sfrë ck `ksf hf ck fvfetukc okdpkûk y pfrdatarë quf ck fcfooaÿe hf ck fdprfsk sf `ksf fe ci quf pufhk fetrfmkr, cks ahfks hf hasfûi quf prfsfetf y ck rfckoaÿe okcahkh-prfoai. Fs fsfeoakc rfkcazkr uek aevfstamkoaÿe prfvak k ck okdpkûk2 fs gëoac ksudar quf fc dfesknf prftfehahi vk k sfr `afe kofptkhi. Zkrk quf uek okdpkûk sfk fgfotavk, rfsuctk efofskrai aevfstamkr fstf kspfoti. Zihfdis utacazkr táoeaoks hf aevfstamkoaÿe hf dfrokhi pkrk kvframukr sa fc dfesknf rfsuctk oidprfesa`cf, i ouëc hf cis hagfrfetfs hasfûis fs fc dës cckdktavi i quf dës gëoacdfetf sf mrk`k fe ck dfdirak2 tkd`aáe rfsuctk efofskrai tfefr uek ockrk oidprfesaÿe hf ck kuhafeoak i`nftavi. Vek kdpcak mkdk hf oieioadafetis, kotatuhfs, orffeoaks y oidpirtkdafetis hf`f sfr fstuhakhk2 aeocuyfehi ck haspiea`acahkh hf aehavahuis hf oidpirtkdafetis kctfrektavis pkrk fvatkr sumfrar kooaiefs quf ei sfke gkota`cfs. Ok`f sfûkckr quf, fe mfefrkc, fs pioi pri`k`cf quf uek okdpkûk puetukc rfsuctf fe okd`ais hf oidpirtkdafeti hurkhfris2 fspfoakcdfetf oukehi sf rfquafrf ue okd`ai hf kotatuhfs (pir fnfdpci, oiehuooaÿe `kni fgfotis hfc kcoilic, fxofsi hf vfcioahkh, fto.), rfsuctk efofskrai hasfûkr uek okdpkûk sistfeahk pkrk ue ckrmi pfräihi2 pir fnfdpci, oaeoi i aeocusi hafz kûis.

Fvkcukoaÿe Oie fc pripÿsati hf hfoahar si`rf fc (cis) dátihi(s) dës kpripakhi(s) hf ck fvkcukoaÿe, fs efofskrai oieiofr pradfri cis i`nftavis hf ck okdpkûk. Fe ck dkyiräk hf cis oksis, fc i`nftavi mfefrkc sfrë fc hf rfhuoar cis kooahfetfs i väotadks2 fs efofskrai fc usi hf dfhais khfoukhis hf fvkcukoaÿe hf cks okdpkûks hf pu`caoahkh. _a vkdis k utacazkr ck prfvfeoaÿe/rfhuooaÿe hf kooahfetfs oidi uek dfhahk, fetieofs aetfrvkci hf tafdpi sfr ci sugaoafetfdfetf mrkehf oidi pkrk rfoimfr cis fcfgfotis. _a `afe fc usi hf`f hf fstkhästaok hf kooahfetfs

x

 

Pfsudfe fnfoutavi

i väotadks pufhf sfr khfoukhi, fspfoakcdfetf fe fc oksi hf cks okdpkûks k ckrmi pckzi (hf oaeoi i hafz kûis), fe fc pckzi dës oirti ei fs khfoukhi utacazkr cis hktis hf kooahfetfs pir sä sicis2 fc usi hf tksks hf kooahfetfs oidi dfhahk pufhf sfr aekhfoukhi pir hagfrfetfs rkziefs, tkcfs oidi fc su`rfmastri, ck fsokck hf tafdpi, ck aegcufeoak hf itris gkotirfs, fto. Fe okd`ai, lky itrks dfhahks quf pufhfe sfr utacazkhks2 hiehfquafrk quf sfk pisa`cf, hf`fdis utacazkr dfhahks dþctapcfs, cks quf pufhfe aeocuar> •  •  • 

Musti pipuckr pir ue dfesknf Ipaeaÿe pipuckr hf ck fgfotavahkh hfc dfesknf Ipaeaÿe hf fxpfrtis si`rf ck fgfotavahkh hfc dfesknf

_a utacazkdis hktis hf kooahfetfs oidi ue dfhai hf fvkcukoaÿe, sÿci ck pu`caoahkh y fc rfsuctkhi gaekc sie oieioahis. Zufhf sfr duy aegirdktavi haspiefr hf aegirdkoaÿe hf cks ftkpks aetfrdfhaks lkoak fc cimri hfc rfsuctkhi gaekc2 fe itrks pkck`rks, fc usi hf dfhahks hf kotatuh y hf oieioadafeti pufhf kyuhkr k aehaokr pirquá kcmueis primrkdks fxatisis tuvafrie áxati y pir quá cis primrkdks aefgaokofs grkokskrie. Ck aegirdkoaÿe i`tfeahk hf`f sfr rftrikcadfetkhk fe fc hasfûi hf guturks okdpkûks pkrk quf lkyk ue priofsi haeëdaoi hf dfnirk.

Zrihuoti rfkc Fe fc oietfxti ketfrair, fc prihuoti rfkc quf hf`fdis vfehfr kc usukrai fstë rfckoaiekhi oie ck ahfetagaokoaÿe hfc pri`cfdk fspfoägaoi pir ktkokr (gkotir hf rafsmi), fc hasfûi hf ck okdpkûk pkrk lkofrci y fc tfdk hf fstk. Ck dkrok fstë rfckoaiekhk oie fc tfdk hf ck okdpkûk, fc oukc sf rfgafrf kc oietric hfc gkotir hf rafsmi2 ck prfsfetkoaÿe hfc prihuoti fs ck okdpkûk dasdk2 cks gueoaiefs y cis i`nftavis pfrsfmuahis sf rfckoaieke oie fc pri`cfdk fe oufstaÿe. Fc eavfc kc quf sf oudpcfe cis i`nftavis pufhf sfr dfhahi k trkvás hf ck fvkcukoaÿe hf ck okdpkûk, ck oukc krrink tkd`aáe kooaiefs hf rftrikcadfetkoaÿe pkrk dfnirkr su fgfotavahkh hf dkefrk oietaeuk. Ck okcahkh y fgfotavahkh hf tihi fc priofsi fstëe harfotkdfetf rfckoaiekhks oie ck okcahkh hf cis hktis utacazkhis. Itri kspfoti guehkdfetkc fs fc pisaoaiekdafeti hf dkrok, fc oukc fs uek rfprfsfetkoaÿe þeaok hf ástk fe cks dfetfs hf cis ocafetfs k pkrtar hf sus ktra`utis y fe rfckoaÿe oie cis prihuotis hf ck oidpftfeoak, ck oukc  ‟ksudadis ‟ksudadis- fstaduck ck fcfooaÿe hf ck dkrok. Fc fsqufdk hf rfprfsfetkoaÿe sf rfgafrf k ck –ahfetahkh hf ck dkrok—, pisaoaiekhk fe ue tapi hf oiesudahir i`nftavi i`nftav i (X), pkrk sktasgkofr uek oktfmiräk hf efofsahkh (O) (dës gkvirk`cfdfetf quf dkroks oidpftahirks), ci quf mfefrk ue `fefgaoai ockvf hftfrdaekhi (@). Fstf dihfci sufcf sfr hfeidaekhi dihfci XO@ hf pisaoaiekdafeti (Pissatfr N. y @fccdke _., 0::6). Zkrk oaeoi hf cis hafz gkotirfs hf rafsmi ahfetagaokhis, ck tk`ck A dufstrk fnfdpcis hf okdpkûks rfkcazkhks oie ahfetahkhfs fspfoägaoks hf dkrok, ksä oidi su rfspfotavi tapi hf oiesudahir i`nftavi (X). Fc pisaoaiekdafeti hf uek dkrok fs utacazkhi pkrk fxpcirkr cks girdks pisa`cfs hf rfpisaoaiekrck. xa

 

Okdpkûks hf _fmurahkh Wakc pkrk fc dfnirkdafeti hfc oidpirtkdafeti hfc gkotir ludkei.

 K dkefrk dkefr k hf fnfdpci hf cis f fcfdfetis cfdfetis quf pihfdis mfefrkr oidi pk pkrtf rtf hf uek okdpkûk aetfmrkc hf sfmurahkh vakc, ck gamurk A dufstrk ue dfesknf mrëgaoi hasfûkhi pkrk sfr haguehahi fe rfhfs sioakcfs (Gkof`iib), ouyk dkrok y scimke fstëe haramahis k oid`ktar fc tfrofr gkotir hf rafsmi dfeoaiekhi fe ck tk`ck A (–Vsi hf hastrkotirfs hurketf ck oiehuooaÿe—). Fc usi hf cks rfhfs sioakcfs oidi dfhai hf okdpkûks hf sfmurahkh vakc fstë orfoafehi fe äehaofs kctis, yk quf `raehke ck ipirtueahkh kc pþ`caoi hf pkrtaoapkr fe hasousaiefs si`rf sfmurahkh vakc y oidpkrtar sus prfioupkoaiefs, sumfrfeoaks, fto. Xk`ck A. Fnfdpcis hf ahfetahkhfs hf dkrok y tapi hf oiesudahir i`nftavi (X) Gkotirfs hf rafsmi _cimkes Xapi hf pu`caoatkrais oiesudahir ksioakhis k cks i`nftavi (X) ahfetahkhfs hf dkrok Wfcioahkh fxofsavk Ck vfcioahkh Oiehuotirfs fdioaiek pfri dktk  nÿvfefs y hf (–_pffh tlraccs `ut dfhakek fhkh baccs") Oiehuotirfs  Kcoilic y hrimks fe ck _a oiehuofs  nÿvfefs oiehuooaÿe kcoilicazkhi i hrimkhi, tfrdaekrës feokrofckhi (–Ag yiu hravf lkddfrfh yiu wacc mft sckddfr—)  sckddfr—)  Vsi hf hastrkotirfs Ei fsora`ks tfxtis y Oiehuotirfs khicfsofetfs oiehuzoks (–Hie‑t hurketf ck oiehuooaÿe y nÿvfefs tfxt keh hravf—)  hravf—)  Oiehuotirfs Gktamk, okeskeoai i Hfsokesk, pfri ei prigfsaiekcfs sufûi fe pkz –Hriwsy hravaem cfkh yiu  ti yiur wacc diureaem—) diureaem—)  Gkctk hf usi hfc oaeturÿe hf sfmurahkh pir oiehuotirfs y pksknfris

xaa

Zkrk fvatkr ck dufrtf, kdërrktf k ck vahk (–Xi kviah kviah hfktl, `uobcf up—)  up—) 

ypraeoapkcdfetf fe mfefrkc tihis cis oiehuotirfs Oiehuotirfs y pksknfris  nÿvfefs

 

Pfsudfe fnfoutavi

Gamurk A. Dfesknf mrëgaoi haramahi k oid`ktar fc usi hf hastrkotirfs hurketf ck oiehuooaÿe

Oieocusaiefs  Fstf trk`kni sfûkck ck adpirtkeoak hf aeorfdfetkr cis fsgufrzis fe dktfrak hf okdpkûks hf sfmurahkh vakc fe Dáxaoi, oie ck gaekcahkh hf rfgirzkr fc cimri hf rfsuctkhis hf okrk k cks dftks hfc Hfofeai hf Kooaÿe pkrk ck _fmurahkh Wakc 0:;;0:0:. Kuequf fe praeoapai ck kuhafeoak i`nftavi fs tihk ck pi`ckoaÿe hf usukrais hfc sastfdk vakc2 k pkrtar hf cis hktis hf kooahfetfs, ástk sf sfmdfetk fe hafz pþ`caois i`nftavi k trkvás hf ck ahfetagaokoaÿe hf cis praeoapkcfs gkotirfs hf rafsmi. Hfsora`f cis praeoapais `ësaois quf hf`fdis sfmuar fe fc hasfûi hf cks okdpkûks hf sfmurahkh vakc y dufstrk fc fnfdpci hf ue dfesknf mrëgaoi haramahi k oid`ktar fc usi hf hastrkotirfs hurketf ck oiehuooaÿe.

xaaa

 

 

;

Aetrihuooaÿe

Oidi pkrtfhfchfXrkespirtf su ck`ir2 fc(O_IX), ADX, k tafef trkvásckhfrfspiesk`acahkh ck Oiirhaekoaÿe _fmurahkhoie y Ipfrkoaÿe hf hf oikhyuvkr hagfrfetfs fetahkhfs pþ`caoks y pravkhks (_forftkräk hf _kcuh, Irmkeazkoaÿe Duehakc hf ck _kcuh, oieofsaiekrais y pfrdasaiekrais hfc _fotir Xrkespirtf, fto.) pkrk rfhuoar ck kooahfetkcahkh vakc, hf koufrhi oie cis pckefs y oidpridasis hfc Mi`afrei Gfhfrkc fe ck dktfrak. Ck prfvfeoaÿe hf cks dufrtfs y cfsaiefs mrkvfs okuskhks pir cis kooahfetfs vakcfs fe cks väks pþ`caoks fs uek rfspiesk`acahkh `ësaok hfc Mi`afrei, sus irmkeasdis y cks fdprfsks hfc sfotir pravkhi aevicuorkhks. Fe 0:;:, cks Ekoaiefs Veahks keueoakrie fc Hfofeai hf Kooaÿe pkrk ck _fmurahkh Wakc 0:;;-0:0:, oie ue i`nftavi mci`kc kd`aoaisi (VE, 0:;:)2 y fc Zcke Mci`kc pkrk fc Hfofeai fe 0:;;, pir pkrtf hf cks Ekoaiefs Veahks y ck Irmkeazkoaÿe Duehakc hf ck _kcuh (VEP_O, 0:;;). Oie fc i`nftavi hf rfspkchkr ck hfoasaÿe hf aeoirpirkrsf kc Hfofeai hf Kooaÿe pir ck _fmurahkh Wakc y hf pcketfkr dftks oieorftks, Dáxaoi ckezÿ fe fc kûi 0:;; su Fstrktfmak Ekoaiekc hf _fmurahkh Wakc 0:;;-0:0: (HIG, 0:;;). Haolk Fstrktfmak, hfskrricckhk pir cks _forftkräks hf Oidueaokoaiefs y Xrkespirtfs (_OX) y hf _kcuh (__), fs ck quf guemf oidi pafhrk kemuckr k pkrtar hf ck oukc lke vfeahi fegiokehi cis fsgufrzis pkrk cimrkr cks dftks pripufstks hf –rfhuoar ue 6:% cks dufrtfs, ksä oidi rfhuoar kc dëxadi pisa`cf cks cfsaiefs y hasokpkoahkhfs pir kooahfetfs hf trëesati fe fc tfrratirai hf cis Fstkhis Veahis Dfxaokeis—. Ck Fstrktfmak Ekoaiekc sf kcaefk kc girdkti fstk`cfoahi pkrk fc Hfofeai hf Kooaÿe, y pcketfk kooaiefs fe cis dasdis oaeoi packrfs fstk`cfoahis fe fc Zcke Mci`kc pkrk fc Hfofeai hf Kooaÿe pkrk ck _fmurahkh Wakc 0:;; ‟ 0:;;  ‟ 0:0:>  0:0:> ;. Mfstaÿe hf ck sfmurahkh vakc, oie fc gae hf girtkcfofr ck okpkoahkh hf mfstaÿe hf ck sfmurahkh vakc k trkvás hf ck orfkoaÿe hf kcakezks aetfraestatuoaiekcfs y hfsamekoaÿe hf irmkeasdis oiirhaekhirfs oie ck okpkoahkh hf fck`irkr fstrktfmaks, pckefs y dftks ekoaiekcfs fe dktfrak hf sfmurahkh vakc. 0. Aegrkfstruoturk vakc y hf trkespirtf dës sfmurk, k gae hf pridivfr ck pckefkoaÿe, hasfûi y oiestruooaÿe hf aegrkfstruoturk dës sfmurk quf aeorfdfetf ck pritfooaÿe hf cis usukrais, fspfoakcdfetf hf kqufccis dës vucefrk`cfs. ?. Wfläoucis dës sfmuris, oie i`nfti hf kcfetkr fc hfskrricci hf tfoeicimäks dës sfmurks fe cis vfläoucis, ksä oidi gidfetkr ck rfeivkoaÿe y/i dketfeadafeti hfc pkrquf vflaouckr quf trkesatk pir cks väks tfrrfstrfs. ;

 

Okdpkûks hf _fmurahkh Wakc pkrk fc dfnirkdafeti hfc oidpirtkdafeti hfc gkotir ludkei.

8. Vsukrais hf cks väks dës sfmuris, oie fc gae hf adpcfdfetkr primrkdks aetfmrkcfs pkrk dfnirkr fc oidpirtkdafeti hf cis usukrais hf ck väk, ksä oidi sfesa`acazkoaÿe si`rf cis hastaetis rafsmis quf rfprfsfetk ck oiehuooaÿe. 6. Pfspufstk trks cks oicasaiefs, oie i`nfti hf dfnirkr ck okpkoahkh hf ktfeoaÿe trks ck iourrfeoak hf kcmþe kooahfetf hf trëesati, ksä oidi dfnirkr cis sastfdks hf skcuh pkrk hkrcf ue khfoukhi sfmuadafeti k cks pfrsieks aevicuorkhks. Dáxaoi lk fdprfehahi havfrsks kooaiefs fe cis oaeois packrfs ketfrairfs, pkrk cimrkr cks dftks oidpridftahks fe ck Fstrktfmak (_OX, 0:;0). Ck tk`ck ; dufstrk cks tfehfeoaks hf ck kooahfetkcahkh vakc y sus väotadks pkrk eufstri pkäs, fetrf 0:;; y 0:;?, sfmþe oagrks hfc Aestatuti Ekoaiekc hf Fstkhästaok y Mfimrkgäk (AEFMA). Cis kooahfetfs vakcfs sie ck praeoapkc okusk hf dufrtf pkrk eaûis fetrf oaeoi y oktirof kûis, y ck sfmuehk pkrk nÿvfefs fetrf quaeof y vfaetaeufvf kûis (OIEKZPK, 0:;?). Cis pfktiefs, oaocastks y ditioaocastks sie cis quf oirrfe dkyir rafsmi. Xk`ck ;. Xfehfeoaks hf ck kooahfetkcahkh y sus väotadks fe Dáxaoi (0:;;  ‟ 0:;8)  ‟ 0:;8)  Kûi

Kooahfetfs

Dufrtis; 

Cfsaiekhis; 

0:;; 0:;0 0:;? 0:;8

8;0,:1: 8;8,70= 8:7,6:< ?17,;=6

;0,?10 ;:,::< 1,:7= ?

 

Okdpkûks hf _fmurahkh Wakc pkrk fc dfnirkdafeti hfc oidpirtkdafeti hfc gkotir ludkei.

;.  Ketfofhfetfs. Fstk kotavahkh oiesastf fe ahfetagaokr k cis hagfrfetfs usukrais y privffhirfs hf cis hagfrfetfs oidpiefetfs hf cis sastfdks vakcfs, ksä oidi k cis kmfetfs aetfrfskhis. Xkd`aáe aeocuyf fc keëcasas fstkhästaoi hf ck aegirdkoaÿe hf saeafstrkcahkh vakc haspiea`cf fe fc pkäs, oie fc i`nftavi hf ahfetagaokr k cis praeoapkcfs gkotirfs y mrupis hf rafsmi. Fstis sfrëe lkoak cis oukcfs fstkrëe haramahis cis dfesknfs. 0.  Keëcasas hfc oiesudahir . Vek vfz ahfetagaokhis cis mrupis hf rafsmi, fstuhakrfdis sus okrkotfrästaoks hfdimrëgaoks, mfimrëgaoks, psaoimrëgaoks, fto.2 hf tkc dkefrk quf fstk aegirdkoaÿe sarvk pkrk hasfûkr dfesknfs dës fgfotavis. ?. Hasfûi hfc prihuoti. Hf dkefrk sadackr k cks fstrktfmaks utacazkhks fe dfrokhitfoeak, hfgaearfdis uek dkrok mfefrkc pkrk ck okdpkûk y hasfûkrfdis fc dfesknf pu`caoatkrai pkrk okhk mrupi hf rafsmi2 fc oukc oiestkrë hf ue tfdk (k dkefrk hf scimke) rfckoaiekhi oie ck ahfetagaokoaÿe hfc pri`cfdk fspfoägaoi k ktkokr (gkotir hf rafsmi) ksä oidi hf ck aegirdkoaÿe gëotaok oirrfspiehafetf (mfefrkcdfetf ue hkti fstkhästaoi). 8. Mfefrkoaÿe hfc aegirdf gaekc . Fstk þctadk kotavahkh sf rfgafrf k ck fck`irkoaÿe hfc aegirdf gaekc quf sfrë ck pu`caokoaÿe táoeaok rfsuctketf hfc trk`kni, prfvak fetrfmk hfc fstf pkrk su rfvasaÿe pir pkrtf hfc ërfk hf pu`caokoaiefs hfc ADX2 ksä oidi ck prfsfetkoaÿe fe vfrsaÿe fcfotrÿeaok pkrk hagueharsf k trkvás hf Aetfreft fe ck pëmaek hfc ADX.

8

 

 

0

Ketfofhfetfs

Ck dasaÿe hfc ADX fs privffr sicuoaiefs k cis sfotirfs hfc trkespirtf y cimästaoi fe Dáxaoi -pþ`caoi y pravkhi- quf mkrketaofe su okcahkh, sfmurahkh y sustfetk`acahkh2 pkrk oietra`uar kc hfskrricci hfc pkäs, k trkvás hf> •  •  •  •  • 

Aevfstamkoaÿe kpcaokhk. _frvaoais tfoeicÿmaois y hf ck`irktirai. Zrihuooaÿe hf eirdks, dkeukcfs y dftihicimäks. Girdkoaÿe pistprigfsaiekc. Hagusaÿe hf cis rfsuctkhis y oieioadafetis khquarahis.

Ck vasaÿe hfc ADX fs sfr uek aestatuoaÿe rfgfrfetf ekoaiekc f aetfrekoaiekc, fe tihis cis dihis hf trkespirtf y su cimästaok, oie irmucci hf pfrtfefeoak y rfoieioadafeti hf cis `fefgaoais quf kpirtk k Dáxaoi2 quf pkrtaoapk fe ofetris hf aeeivkoaÿe tfoeicÿmaok oie eavfcfs hf fxofcfeoak, fe saefrmak oie fc sfotir pravkhi. Ck gacisigäk y vkcirfs hfc ADX sie rfgcfni hf cis oietfeahis fe fc Oÿhami hf Átaok hf cis _frvahirfs Zþ`caois hf ck Khdaeastrkoaÿe Zþ`caok Gfhfrkc (HIG, 0:;6)2 rkzÿe pir ck oukc sf rfgafrfe k ck kotukoaÿe haramahk lkoak fc cimri hfc `afe oidþe, ck aetfmrahkh, ck lierkhfz, ck adpkroakcahkh, ck nustaoak, ck trkespkrfeoak, ck rfehaoaÿe hf oufetks, fc rfspfti kc fetirei oucturkc y foicÿmaoi, ck mfefrisahkh, ck amukchkh, fc rfspfti k cks pfrsieks y fc cahfrkzmi. Hkhi fc feirdf rfti quf rfprfsfetk ccfmkr k oudpcar oie cks dftks hfc Hfofeai hf  Kooaÿe, ksä oidi hfc Zcke Mci`kc y hf ck Fstrktfmak Ekoaiekc hf _fmurahkh Wakc 0:;;-0:0:, ck picätaok fe dktfrak hf okdpkûks hf sfmurahkh vakc tafef quf sfr duy ktrfvahk2 fe fc sfetahi hf trktkr hf pfrsukhar k cis hagfrfetfs kotirfs hf ck sioafhkh dfxaokek aevicuorkhis fe ck pri`cfdëtaok hf ck kooahfetkcahkh vakc, hf quf oiesudke fc prihuoti hfeidaekhi Dfnir Oidpirtkdafeti y Hfsfdpfûi fe @fefgaoai hf ck _fmurahkh Wakc fe Dáxaoi2 hf kquä fe hfcketf rfgfrahi sÿci oidi –sfmurahkh vakc—. Xihis fstis kotirfs rfprfsfetke fc dfrokhi pitfeoakc hf  hf   fstf prihuoti. Zir ci ketfs dfeoaiekhi, ck aehustrak hfc prihuoti fstë oiestatuahk pir usukrais y privffhirfs hf cis hagfrfetfs oidpiefetfs hf cis sastfdks vakcfs ksä oidi pir kmfetfs aetfrfskhis2 pir ci quf, hf dkefrk feueoaktavk dës ei cadatktavk, aeocuyfe k>

6

 

Okdpkûks hf _fmurahkh Wakc pkrk fc dfnirkdafeti hfc oidpirtkdafeti hfc gkotir ludkei.

•  Vsukrais hf ccis is sastfdks vvakcfs akcfs (oiehuotirfs hf vfläoucis, pksknfris,

ditioaocastks, oaocastks, pfktiefs, fto.). •  Aemfeafris y kutirahkhfs vakcfs y hf okrrftfrks. •  Zrivffhirfs hf vfläoucis. •  Irmkeasdis cfmasckhirfs, rfmuckhirfs y picaoäkois, quf sf fspfrk ahfetagaqufe oidpirtkdafetis aesfmuris kotukcfs f adpcfdfetfe eufvks

dfhahks hf oudpcadafeti pkrk orfkr ue sastfdk ipfrktavi dës sfmuri pkrk cis usukrais. •  Fdprfsks quf sudaeastrke vfläoucis, tketi camfris camfris oidi pfskhis, pkrk fc

usi hf su pfrsiekc y quf rfquafrfe ue rkemi hf tkrfks hf oiehuooaÿe, oidi pkrtf hf cis oietrktis hf trk`kni. •  Irmkeasdis quf pripiroaieke ktfeoaÿe dáhaok hf fdfrmfeoak fe fc cumkr

y fe fc lispatkc. •  Kutirahkhfs quf fdatfe cacaofeoaks ofeoaks hf oiehuooaÿe quf `usoke dfnirkr cck k

sfmurahkh hf cis oiehuotirfs oukehi tafefe caofeoak. •  Irmkeasdis hf sfmurahkh vakc. •  Xidkhirfs hf hfoasaÿe fe rfckoaÿe oie ck pckea pckeagaokoaÿe gaokoaÿe hfc usi hfc sufci

ouyks hfoasaiefs kgfotke cis gcunis hf trëesati y fc koofsi hfshf cks zieks cktfrkcfs. •  Mrupis ciokcfs hf sfmurahkh vakc fe ck oidueahkh quf igrfofe fhuokoaÿe

f aegirdkoaÿe hfc pþ`caoi pkrk ipfrkr hfetri hfc sastfdk. Fc pþ`caoi sf `ksk fe fstks irmkeazkoaiefs pkrk i`tfefr aegirdkoaÿe y sfesa`acazkoaÿe si`rf cis rafsmis hf kooahfetfs y pisa`cfs dfhahks hf dfnirkdafeti. •  Irmkeasdis ei mu`frekdfetkcfs aetfrfskhis fe ck skcuh pþ`caok i cck k

oiipfrkoaÿe aetfrekoaiekc. Lky uek aeeudfrk`cf oketahkh hf pisa`cfs dfesknfs, haramahis k oid`ktar gkotirfs fspfoägaois hf rafsmi, rfckoaiekhis oie sfmdfetis hf cis mrupis fe okhk uei hf cis puetis ketfrairfs (kuhafeoaks i`nftavi), quf pihräke sfr hasfûkhis. Fc kcokeof hf fstf trk`kni fstë koitkhi k ck mfefrkoaÿe sÿci hf cis hafz dfesknfs haramahis k gkotirfs hf rafsmi quf kgfotke kuhafeoaks i`nftavi (pir fnfdpci, fxofsi hf vfcioahkh fe oiehuotirfs nÿvfefs hf ;7 k 0; kûis)2 dfhaketf cis oukcfs sf fvatfe cks dkyirfs párhahks hf kûis hf vahk prihuotavk, hf koufrhi oie cks gufetfs hf aegirdkoaÿe fstkhästaok haspiea`cfs. Zir ck dasdk rkzÿe, hf tihis cis pitfeoakcfs oiesudahirfs hfc prihuoti –sfmurahkh vakc— (fecastkhis ketfrairdfetf), fc kcokeof tkd`aáe fstë koitkhi sÿci k dfesknfs haramahis k usukrais hf cis sastfdks vakcfs (oiehuotirfs vfläoucis, pksknfris, ditioaocastks, oaocastks, pfktiefs, fto.). Fc i`nftavi hf ci hf ketfrair fs dfnirkr fc pisaoaiekdafeti i ck adkmfe hf ck fdprfsk

7

 

 Ketfofhfetfs

(ADX), hkhi quf cks aestatuoaiefs pþ`caoks sie cks rfspiesk`cfs fe tihi i fe pkrtf hfc trëesati y su sfmurahkh2 kc trkesdatar uek aegirdkoaÿe quf okd`af cks kotatuhfs hf cis oiesudahirfs (cis pkrtaoapketfs fe fc trëesati fe ue pkäs) lkoak ck sfmurahkh vakc i lkoak ue kspfoti oieorfti hf ástk.

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Okdpkûks hf _fmurahkh Wakc pkrk fc dfnirkdafeti hfc oidpirtkdafeti hfc gkotir ludkei.

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Keëcasas hfc oiesudahir

?.; Wkrak`cfs hfdimrëgaoks ?.;.; Fhkh  Fhkh  Fe Dáxaoi, fe fc kûi 0:;?, iourrafrie kcrfhfhir hf 8::,::: kooahfetfs vakcfs2 cis oukcfs mfefrkrie ofrok hf ;=,::: dufrtis y dës hf ;8:,::: cfsaiekhis. Ck tk`ck 0 prfsfetk, pkrk fc kûi 0:;?, ck hastra`uoaÿe hf grfoufeoaks rfcktavks hf ck fhkh2 tketi pkrk cis dufrtis oidi pkrk cis cfsaiekhis (AEFMA, 0:;6). K pkrtar hf ck tk`ck, fs fvahfetf quf cks dkyirfs grfoufeoaks rfcktavks fe kd`is oksis sf hke pkrk cis rkemis hf fhkh fetrf cis ;6 y cis ?1 kûis. Hkhi quf cis pradfris trfs rkemis fe ck tk`ck 0 oirrfspiehfe k fhkhfs tfdprkeks fe ck vahk, fe cks quf sa kcmuafe dufrf i rfsuctk hasokpkoatkhi sf pafrhfe duolis kûis hf vahk prihuotavk2 pkrk cis gaefs hf fstf trk`kni, fc dfrokhi pir ktfehfr k`krok tkd`aáe fstis rkemis hf fhkh> cis usukrais hf cis sastfdks vakcfs dfeirfs k cis oukrfetk kûis hf fhkh (i sfk, eaûis, pfrsieks  nÿvfefs y hf dfhakek fhkh).

1

 

Okdpkûks hf _fmurahkh Wakc pkrk fc dfnirkdafeti hfc oidpirtkdafeti hfc gkotir ludkei.

Xk`ck 0. Hastra`uoaÿe hf grfoufeoaks rfcktavks hf ck fhkh pkrk dufrtis y cfsaiekhis fe kooahfetfs vakcfs fe 0:;? Pkemis hf fhkh (kûis)

Zirofetknf hf dufrtis

Zirofetknf hf cfsaiekhis

Dfeis hf 6

0.