Cambridge Primary Science Learners Book and Activity Book Samples

Booklet

Cambridge PRIMARY

Science

Learner’s Book and Activity Book Samples

Our mission We further the mission of the University of Cambridge by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.

We value To progress towards our mission, our strategy has five main elements:

• High standards of learning and scholarship



• Delivering for our customers and authors



• Creativity and innovation



• Integrity, personal and financial responsibility



• Collaboration and openness.

Achievement through excellence We at Cambridge University Press International Education are driven by a simple imperative: to work alongside educators and learners to provide individuals with accessible, inspirational learning resources that lead them to a lifetime of achievement. We are proud to share the goldstandard tradition and contemporary relevance of the University of Cambridge. For us, academic rigour, innovative thinking and leading edge practices are crucial aspects of delivering the excellent, fully rounded education that the 21st-century learner demands. Cambridge University Press is a world-leading international education publisher, providing educational materials, resources and services to teachers and learners, from ages 3-19, in over 160 countries. We are a not-for-profi t organisation and follow the core values of the University of Cambridge, ensuring all of our publishing reflects the Cambridge standards around encouraging and supporting critical thinking, thinking skills, problem solving and creativity. Through our comprehensive and high-quality print, digital and online resources, we aim to enable thousands of learners worldwide to advance their learning, knowledge and abilities, and to successfully pass their exams and assessment criteria. We work with innovative and aspiring authors with extensive knowledge of the education market and curriculum developments. Our teachers and learners can expect support and customer care from a dedicated specialist global team of representatives and agents. In an ever-changing global educational environment, Cambridge University Press aims to innovate, inspire and lead the way in educational excellence.

education.cambridge.org

A view from the publisher… why we have commissioned Cambridge Primary Science An enquiry-based, language-rich approach to learning with an international focus Methodology and approach Cambridge Primary Science is a flexible series that can be used to support a range of teaching methods in different settings. We do this by offering a variety of ideas for activities to support teaching and learning of each objective in the curriculum framework, from which you can select those most suited to your learners. In keeping with the Cambridge International Examinations curriculum framework, Cambridge Primary Science strongly supports a science curriculum in which enquiry is central. Support for the scientific enquiry learning objectives is embedded across the series, with full guidance for teachers on how to develop the required skills. Throughout, activities are suggested that will help learners to discover and investigate scientific concepts for themselves in an engaging way. Cambridge Primary Science is a truly international series, written for a global audience. Exercises focussing on scientific vocabulary and suggestions for classroom discussion are included throughout the series, thus supporting development of language as well as subject knowledge. Examples from a wide range of international settings are included and alternative activities are suggested in case certain materials are hard to come by in your part of the world.

Key features In our Learner’s Books,, all required learning objectives are covered in an engaging visual layout and suggestions for hands-on activities encourage enquiry-led learning. The ‘Talk about it!’ features stimulates classroom discussion and the ‘Check your progress’ questions present assessment opportunities and help learners prepare for the Progression and Checkpoint Tests. In the Activity Books, additional exercises for each topic may be completed in class or set as homework. The exercises help to consolidate understanding, apply knowledge in new situations and develop scientific enquiry skills. Core vocabulary is developed in a dedicated language activity for each unit in Stages 3 to 6. The Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM offers support for using all three components. The teaching ideas offer flexibility with plenty of activity suggestions, as well as guidance on differentiation, assessment and using resources available online. Additionally, a collection of worksheets supports suggested activities. The resource offers flexible delivery, with all content both in print and – in editable format – on the CD-ROM. We hope you enjoy your sample copy and don’t forget to visit education.cambridge.org/cambridgeprimary to find out more! The International Education team

Introducing… Cambridge Primary Cambridge Primary series In addition to our market-leading titles for Cambridge Checkpoint, Cambridge O Level, Cambridge IGCSE® and Cambridge International AS and A Level, we will be publishing an exciting new series for the Cambridge Primary curriculum frameworks developed by Cambridge International Examinations for Stages 1-6 and for the Cambridge Primary English as a Second Language (ESL) curriculum framework developed by Cambridge English Language Assessment. This will complete the learners’ journey with Cambridge materials from Primary to Pre-University. We are working with Cambridge International Examinations towards endorsement of the brand new suite of products for English, Mathematics and Science. Cambridge Global English will not go through the Cambridge endorsement process as it follows the curriculum framework developed by Cambridge English Language Assessment.

About the Cambridge Primary Curriculum Cambridge Primary, typically for 5–11 year olds, gives schools a curriculum framework to develop skills, knowledge and understanding in younger learners. Cambridge Primary provides guidance for curriculum development and classroom teaching and learning. It enables teachers to assess children’s learning as they progress with Cambridge Primary Progression Tests. [Cambridge English Language Assessment tests for learners at the Cambridge Primary stage are: Cambridge English Starters, Movers and Flyers and Key English Test (KET) for schools].

About Cambridge Primary Science Cambridge Primary Science fully covers the Cambridge Primary Science curriculum framework. The course offers plenty of teaching ideas to give flexibility, allowing teachers to select activities most appropriate to their classroom and learners. An enquiry-based style of teaching and learning is stimulated, with the scientific enquiry objectives integrated throughout to encourage learning of these skills alongside the scientific concepts. The language level is carefully pitched to be accessible to EAL/ESL learners, with concepts illustrated through diagrams to allow visual understanding and learning. There is dedicated support for practising scientific language and vocabulary. Comprehensive teaching support helps teachers to bring all elements of the course together in the classroom. ®IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations.

What is in your free sample? Included you will find a representative sample chapter for two stages of:

• Cambridge Primary Science Learner’s Book



• Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book

There is another sample booklet available titled Science Booklet 2 which has within it sample chapters for two stages of:

• Cambridge Primary Science Teacher’s Resource Book

To see samples of all stages as they become available simply visit education.cambridge.org/cambridgeprimary

What is in the complete series? Cambridge Primary Science

Learner’s Books



• Cambridge Primary Science Learner’s Book 1 - 9781107611382



• Cambridge Primary Science Learner’s Book 2 - 9781107611399



• Cambridge Primary Science Learner’s Book 3 - 9781107611412



• Cambridge Primary Science Learner’s Book 4 - 9781107674509



• Cambridge Primary Science Learner’s Book 5 - 9781107663046



• Cambridge Primary Science Learner’s Book 6 - 9781107699809



Activity Books



• Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book 1 - 9781107611429



• Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book 2 - 9781107611436



• Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book 3 - 9781107611450



• Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book 4 - 9781107656659



• Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book 5 - 9781107658974



• Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book 6 - 9781107643758



Teacher’s Resource Books



• Cambridge Primary Science Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 1 - 9781107611467



• Cambridge Primary Science Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 2 - 9781107611481



• Cambridge Primary Science Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 3 - 9781107611504



• Cambridge Primary Science Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 4 - 9781107661516



• Cambridge Primary Science Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 5 - 9781107676732



• Cambridge Primary Science Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 6 - 9781107662025

How do I order, find out more and register my interest? Simply visit education.cambridge.org/cambridgeprimary for more information on the series, extended sample material and to pre-order your copies!

Also available for Cambridge Primary… Cambridge Primary Mathematics

Learner’s Books



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner’s Book 1 - 9781107631311



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner’s Book 2 - 9781107615823



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner’s Book 3 - 9781107667679



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner’s Book 4 - 9781107662698



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner’s Book 5 - 9781107638228



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner’s Book 6 - 9781107618596



Games Books



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM 1 - 9781107646407



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM 2 - 9781107623491



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM 3 - 9781107694019



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM 4 - 9781107685420



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM 5 - 9781107614741



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM 6 -9781107667815



Teacher’s Resource Books



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 1 - 9781107656833



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 2 - 9781107640733



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 3 - 9781107668898



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 4 - 9781107692947



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 5 - 9781107658547



• Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 6 - 9781107694361

We also have a comprehensive range of materials for Cambridge Checkpoint, Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge O Level and Cambridge International AS and A Level. Simply visit education.cambridge.org for more information on all these series.

How do I order, find out more and register my interest? Simply visit education.cambridge.org/cambridgeprimary for more information on the series, extended sample material and to pre-order your copies!

Also available for Cambridge Primary… Cambridge Global English*

Learner’s Books



• Cambridge Global English Learner’s Book with Audio CD 1 - 9781107676091



• Cambridge Global English Learner’s Book with Audio CD 2 - 9781107613805



• Cambridge Global English Learner’s Book with Audio CD 3 - 9781107613843



• Cambridge Global English Learner’s Book with Audio CD 4 - 9781107613638



• Cambridge Global English Learner’s Book with Audio CD 5 - 9781107619814



• Cambridge Global English Learner’s Book with Audio CD 6 - 9781107621251



Activity Books



• Cambridge Global English Activity Book 1 - 9781107655133



• Cambridge Global English Activity Book 2 - 9781107613812



• Cambridge Global English Activity Book 3 - 9781107613836



• Cambridge Global English Activity Book 4 - 9781107613614



• Cambridge Global English Activity Book 5 - 9781107621237



• Cambridge Global English Activity Book 6 - 9781107626867



Teacher’s Resource Books



• Cambridge Global English Teacher’s Resource Book 1 - 9781107642263



• Cambridge Global English Teacher’s Resource Book 2 - 9781107664968



• Cambridge Global English Teacher’s Resource Book 3 - 9781107656741



• Cambridge Global English Teacher’s Resource Book 4 - 9781107690745



• Cambridge Global English Teacher’s Resource Book 5 - 9781107646124



• Cambridge Global English Teacher’s Resource Book 6 - 9781107635814

*Cambridge Global English has not been through the Cambridge endorsement process.

We also have a comprehensive range of materials for Cambridge Checkpoint, Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge O Level and Cambridge International AS and A Level. Simply visit education.cambridge.org for more information on all these series.

Cambridge PRIMARY

Science

Learner’s Book

Unit Being alive

Jon Board Alan Cross

1

Being alive

1.1 Animals and plants alive! Words to learn plant alive look

dr

af

ts

am

pl e

living animal non-living

Can you see a living plant? Can you see a living animal? Can you see things that have never been alive? The Sun is hot but it is not alive. It is a non-living thing.

6

1 Being alive

Activity 1.1

You will need: a clipboard • a digital camera

What living things can we find?

Go outside to look at living things.

pl e

Photograph or draw those you find. Look for the largest living thing you can see.

Look for the smallest living thing you can find.

am

Try to find six living things.

Talk about the photos below with your friends. Which photos show things that are alive?

ts

Which photos show things that are non-living?

dr

af

How do you know which things are alive?

W hat you have learnt Some things are alive. Some things have never been alive. 1 Being alive

7

1.2 Local environments Words to learn environment farm pet compare

dr

af

ts

am

pl e

Each living thing needs a place to live and lives in a local environment.

Look at each animal. Look at each plant. Where does it live? Why does it live there? Animals can be found in natural environments. They can also be found on a farm, in a zoo and in homes as a pet.

8

1 Being alive

Activity 1.2a

You will need:

Where do plants grow?

a clipboard • a digital camera

Go outside and look at the plants. Where do they grow? Why do they grow where they do?

pl e

Think about where you will find plants growing outside.

Activity 1.2b

am

Compare how many plants you find in different environments.

ts

Birds come to school

Have you seen birds at school? Where do you see them? Can we make the environment better for them?

af

How could we make a feeding table?

dr

Make a drawing to show how you could help the birds.

W hat you have learnt Each living thing lives in a local environment. The local environment gives them a home, food and water. 1 Being alive

9

1.3 Animal babies Look at the little bear cub.

Words to learn calf young

dr

af

ts

am

pl e

baby human

How many baby animals can you see? Can you see the baby elephant calf? Are all the babies like their parents?

10

1 Being alive

pl e

All animals make babies. The babies grow up into adults. A human mother usually has just one baby. Why?

am

Some animals have lots of babies.

Birds and rabbits can have eight or nine young.

Activity 1.3

ts

Make a nursery for a baby animal

Make a model nursery for a baby animal.

You will need: modelling material or a construction kit • cardboard scissors • glue • sticky tape

dr

af

Make sure you include food, water and a home.

W hat you have learnt Humans and other animals have babies. Young animals grow into adults. 1 Being alive

11

1.4 Healthy food and drink Do you want to grow up healthy and strong?

Words to learn

Eat lots of healthy food like fruit and vegetables. Also drink lots of water.

healthy fat salt

dr

af

ts

am

pl e

food sugar

Which lunch bag is healthier? 12

1 Being alive

Activity 1.4

You will need: pictures of food

My healthy plate

Draw, or stick on, pictures of these foods.

What have I eaten today?

pl e

Draw your own plate of food for today.

am

Compare your plate with a plate of healthy food.

Fruit and vegetables come from plants.

ts

They are full of good things for your body.

dr

af

They do not have too much fat, sugar and salt. Too much of these things is not healthy.

W hat you have learnt Some foods and drinks are healthy. Foods and drinks with too much fat, sugar and salt are not healthy. Drinking lots of water is healthy. 1 Being alive

13

1.5 Check your progress Matt, the librarian, is in a muddle. He has dropped some books.

pl e

1

Which books go on each shelf?

am

Here are two local environments.

ts

2

dr

af

Which animals live in each environment?

14

meerkat

duck

frog

newt

snake

scorpion

dragonfly

camel

1 Being alive

Can you match each adult animal with its young?

4

Which of these foods are healthy foods?

dr

af

ts

am

pl e

3

1 Being alive

15

Cambridge PRIMARY

Science

Activity Book

Unit Being alive

Jon Board Alan Cross

1

Being alive

Exercise 1.1

Animals and plants alive!

pl e

In this exercise, you will think about things that are alive and things that have never been alive.

dr

af

ts

am

Gizela takes care of the animals and plants in her shop.

Say how you think she cares for the animals and plants. Colour in all the things that are alive. 8

1 Being alive

Exercise 1.2

Local environments

In this exercise, you will look at where different animals live.

am

ts

goat

pl e

Draw a line from each animal to its local environment. The first one has been done for you.

tree

dr

af

duck

river

crab

seashore

bird

field 1 Being alive

9

Exercise 1.3

Animal babies

2-months-old

3-months-old

4-months-old

am

1-month-old

pl e

In this exercise, you will learn by looking at pictures. We drew around Sheena’s foot every month. Is she growing?

What do these footprints show?

2

Draw in a footprint for when Sheena is 4-months-old.

3

Will Sheena need smaller or bigger shoes when she is

ts

1

dr

af

4-months-old?

4

How could you find out about the way Sheena’s hands are growing?

10

1 Being alive

Exercise 1.4

Healthy food and drink

This exercise will help you to understand about healthy foods. Uba wants to eat healthy foods.

am

pl e

Circle the healthy foods for Uba.

dr

af

ts

Can you add your own ideas for healthy foods? Draw pictures to show your ideas.

1 Being alive

11

Cambridge PRIMARY

Science

Learner’s Book

3 Unit 6 Forces and movement

Jon Board Alan Cross

6

Forces and movement

6.1 Push and pull

learn pull start slow down

pl e

Every day you push and pull many things. Push and pull are examples of a force .

Words to push force get faster direction

am

Six children divide into two teams to have a tug of war. How are the children using pushing forces and pulling forces? What could they do so that they don’t get hurt?

af

ts

Each team pulls hard. They pull with their hands.

Each team pushes with their feet.

dr

Forces can start and stop things moving. They can also make things get faster , slow down or change direction . A ‘great tug of war’ that involves thousands of people is held in Naha, Okinawa, Japan. It uses two ropes made of rice straw. Each rope is 2 m in diameter and over 300 m long.

58

6 Forces and movement

Activity 6.1 Forces start and stop things moving

You will need: a ball • some water in a bowl a balloon • a chair • a pencil

Challenge

am

pl e

Work with a partner and find ways to start each of your objects moving. See if you can feel the push or pull you are using. Now find ways to stop each of the objects from moving. See if you can feel the force you are using this time. Finally, find ways to change the direction in which each object moves.

How could you investigate how the size of the push or pull you give to a ball affects how far it moves?

ts

Questions

1 Make a list of forces you have used so far today. 2 List five things you move with a pulling force.

dr

af

3 Name a game in which you change the direction of a ball.

W hat you have learnt

Magnets can be used to pick up magnetic objects.

Talk about it! What have magnets got to do with forces?

Push and pull are examples of a force. We can use forces to start things moving, stop things moving and change their direction. 6 Forces and movement

59

6.2 Changing shape Forces can change the shape of things.

Words to learn observe effect

am

pl e

This potter is using a force to create a clay pot.

A baker uses a force when making bread.

ts

This carpenter is using a force to carve the wood.

Activity 6.2a

af

Investigating forces

dr

Drop a ball of clay from a height of 5 cm. Observe what happens to the ball of clay. Write down your observations or draw what the clay looks like. Shape the clay into a ball again. Drop the ball from a height of 10 cm. What is the effect on the ball of clay? Drop the ball of clay from three more different heights. Use ideas about forces to explain the pattern.

60

6 Forces and movement

You will need: a ball of clay • ruler

Activity 6.2b

You will need: a small, heavy ball • different objects a paper tube

Dropping a ball onto objects

pl e

Try using your hands to change the shape of the objects in front of you. Which were easy to change? Use a wide, tall paper tube to drop a heavy ball onto the objects. First, predict what will happen to each material. Use a table like this. Prediction

Result

biscuit

break

broke into 5 pieces

clay raw vegetable stone

ts

cooked vegetable

am

Object

af

Plan and carry out this test. How will you make it a fair test? Record the results.

Questions

dr

1 Do all materials change shape when they are pulled or pushed by hand? 2 List some workers who have to change the shape of materials.

W hat you have learnt Forces can change the shape of things.

Talk about it! How do forces in nature change the shape of the land?

6 Forces and movement

61

6.3 How big is that force? There are small forces and big forces. 2

3

pl e

1

dr

af

ts

am

Omar pulls his toys with elastic. He is pulling with more force on some toys. How can you tell that this is the case? What toy do you think needs the biggest force?

This girl is using a small force to pull on the empty sledge.

A volcano has so much force it can blast large rocks high in the air.

62

6 Forces and movement

It takes a bigger force to pull this vehicle.

Activity 6.3

You will need: a balloon • objects to push against

Investigating how much force

Questions

am

Choose five objects to push against. Record your results. Say whether you used a very small force, a medium force or a large force.

pl e

Push against different objects with a balloon until they move. The bigger the force you need to move the object, the more squashed the balloon will be.

a a a a

horse pulling a cart girl lifting a book train pulling wagons bird picking up a leaf.

af

• • • •

ts

1 Put these in order from the biggest force to the smallest force:

dr

2 Saida stretches an elastic band. Is this a pulling force or a pushing force?

W hat you have learnt

All sorts of large things can be moved with a large force.

Talk about it! How could you measure the size of a force?

There are different sizes of force.

6 Forces and movement

63

6.4 Forcemeters If you push on a door with foam you can see the size of the push.

Words to learn forcemeter newton

am

pl e

Aleksy and Peng both push on a piece of foam. We can see how hard they push.

af

ts

A forcemeter is a piece of equipment that measures the size of a force. Forcemeters measure the size of pulls.

dr

The unit of force is the newton (N). The unit is named after the famous scientist Isaac Newton, who did a lot of work on forces.

Forcemeters measure the size of pulls.

64

6 Forces and movement

Sir Isaac Newton

Activity 6.4

You will need: a forcemeter

Measuring forces

pl e

Use a forcemeter to measure different pulling forces around your school. Before you measure, predict which object will need the biggest force to pull it. Record the sizes of the forces in a table. Draw a bar chart to show the results. Compare your predictions with what you found out.

am

A cycle helmet must be strong enough to protect the cyclist if their head gets hurt by a force.

The forces in the ropes will be different for different climbers.

ts

Tennis players use forces of different sizes to control the ball.

af

Questions

1 What is the unit of measurement of force: b a forcemeter c a pull?

dr

a a newton

The wind creates a force on the sail which moves the boat through the water.

2 Why is it important for equipment for sport to be strong?

W hat you have learnt There is simple equipment which we can use to measure forces.

Talk about it! What could you use to measure pushing forces?

The unit of measurement of force is the newton. 6 Forces and movement

65

6.5 Friction

Rub your hands together. Feel them rubbing and getting warm.

am

When hands are rubbed together friction acts between them.

Friction can start and stop things moving. You need the friction between the floor and your shoes to help you start walking.

ts

You can go very fast down a slide. There will be friction between your clothes and the surface of the slide.

Words to learn friction grip smooth rough

pl e

is a force that acts when two surfaces rub together. Some materials cause more friction than others. Friction

af

There is friction between the bottom of your shoes and the floor which helps your shoes to grip the floor surface. This stops you from sliding.

dr

Ice is slippery. There is little friction between the puck and the ice and so the puck slides easily when it is hit by the player’s stick.

If you roll something across a surface, friction will cause it to slow down. It will stop at some point. Friction also help things to change direction. 66

6 Forces and movement

The friction between the ball and the bat helps the ball to change direction.

You will need: a small trolley • a forcemeter • different types of surface

Activity 6.5 Forces and friction

ts

Questions

am

pl e

You can use a forcemeter to find out about friction. If there is more friction, you will need a bigger force to make something move. Plan an investigation. You will pull a trolley across different surfaces with a forcemeter. Predict which surface will produce the most friction. Try using a very smooth surface and a rough surface. How will you measure this? How will you record your results? When you have done the test, decide what your conclusion is. If you have time, test other surfaces.

1 When does friction act?

dr

af

2 Faye loves her garden slide. She finds that when she wears cotton clothes she goes faster than when she wears woollen clothes. Explain why.

W hat you have learnt Friction acts when two surfaces rub together.

Talk about it! Why are some shoes safer to wear on ice than others?

The size of the friction force depends on the two surfaces which are rubbing together. 6 Forces and movement

67

6

Check your progress 1

Here is a ball bouncing toward Kamili.

Which forcemeter is measuring the greatest force?

dr

af

ts

2

am

the ball’s direction?

pl e

a How can she stop it? b How can she change

A

68

6 Forces and movement

B

C

3

Alex tested the force needed to pull his skateboard over different surfaces. Here are the results.

pl e

4 3 2 1 0

wood

am

Force in newtons (N)

5

grass

stone

ts

Type of surface

af

a Which surface was the hardest to pull the skateboard on? b Which surface was the easiest to pull the skateboard on?

Which surface creates the most friction with a skateboard:

dr

4

• • •

wood grass

stone?

Explain your answer.

6 Forces and movement

69

Cambridge PRIMARY

Science

Activity Book

3 Unit 6 Forces and movement

Jon Board Alan Cross

6

Forces and movement Exercise 6.1

Push and pull

In this exercise, you will think about things that are pushed and pulled. The pictures are to help you, but do add your own ideas. Draw or write them in the boxes below.

Things I push

Things I pull

6 Forces and movement

33

Exercise 6.2

Changing shape

In this exercise, you will think about how the shape of objects and materials can be changed using forces. Draw the object and say how you would change its shape. Object

wood

sandcastle

elastic band

34

6 Forces and movement

What type of force could I use to change the shape?

Exercise 6.3

Small force or big force?

In this exercise, you will sort pictures into those that show a big force and those that show a small force.

Draw a line from each picture to the correct box.

small force

big force 6 Forces and movement

35

Exercise 6.4

How much force?

In this exercise, match each object to the size of force needed to make it start to move. The first one has been done for you. brick

10 newtons

book

5 newtons

box of paper

shoe

car

heavy door

Explain your choices to the class. 36

6 Forces and movement

25 newtons

1 newton

20 newtons

10 000 newtons

Exercise 6.5 Friction In this exercise, you will think about where friction is acting. Look at the pictures. Draw an arrow to show where friction is acting.

6 Forces and movement

37

Language review This exercise checks that you understand the scientific words used in this unit. Match each word to its meaning. The first one has been done for you.

38

force

opposite of push

newton

a machine for measuring forces

pull

opposite of pull

forcemeter

a push or a pull

friction

a force which acts when two surfaces are in contact

push

the unit of force

6 Forces and movement