Cambridge IELTS 9

10/14/12

Cambridge IELTS 9

Ðây là phiên bản html của tệp ftp://ftp.cup.cam.ac.uk/pub/elt/outgoing/Cambridge%20IELTS%209_2nd%20proofs/9781107615502p001-176.pdf. G o o g l e tự động tạo ra những phiên bản html của các tài liệu khi chúng tôi crawl web. Những cụm từ tìm kiếm này đã được tô sáng: cambridge ielts 9

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Cambridge IELTS 9 Authentic examination papers from Cambridge ESOL

file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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CAMBRIDGE UNI VERSI TYPRESS

Cambridge ,Ne wYor k,Me l b ou r ne ,Ma d r i d ,Ca peTown, S i ng a por e ,S ã oPa u l o,De l hi ,Me xi c oCi t y Cambridge Uni ve r s i t yPr e s s TheEd i nb u r g hBu i l d i ng ,Cambridge CB28RU,UK www. cambridge . or g I nf or ma t i onont hi st i t l e :www. cambridge . or g / 9781107615502 ©Cambridge Uni ve r s i t yPr e s s2013 Thi spu b l i c a t i oni si nc opyr i g ht .S u b j e c tt os t a t u t or ye xc e pt i on a ndt ot hepr ovi s i onsofr e l e va ntc ol l e c t i vel i c e ns i nga g r e e me nt s , nor e pr od u c t i onofa nypa r tma yt a kepl a c ewi t hou tt hewr i t t e n pe r mi s s i onofCambridge Uni ve r s i t yPr e s s .Onl yt hos epa g e swhi c hc a r r y t hewor d i ng‘ ©UCLES2013Phot oc opi a b l e’ma yb ec opi e d . Fi r s tpu b l i s he d2013 Pr i nt e di nt heUni t e dKi ng d om a tt heUni ve r s i t yPr e s s ,Cambridge A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library I S BN9781107615502S t u d e nt ’ sBookwi t ha ns we r s I S BN9781107665347Au d i oCDS e t I S BN9781107645622S e l f s t u d yPa c k Cambridge Uni ve r s i t yPr e s sha snor e s pons i b i l i t yf ort hepe r s i s t e nc eor a c c u r a c yofURLsf ore xt e r na lort hi r d pa r t yi nt e r ne twe b s i t e sr e f e r r e dt oi n t hi spu b l i c a t i on,a ndd oe snotg u a r a nt e et ha ta nyc ont e ntons u c hwe b s i t e si s , orwi l lr e ma i n,a c c u r a t eora ppr opr i a t e .I nf or ma t i onr e g a r d i ngpr i c e s ,t r a ve l t i me t a b l e sa ndot he rf a c t u a li nf or ma t i ong i ve ni nt hi swor ki sc or r e c ta t t het i meoff i r s tpr i nt i ngb u tCambridge Uni ve r s i t yPr e s sd oe snotg u a r a nt e e t hea c c u r a c yofs u c hi nf or ma t i ont he r e a f t e r .

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Co n t e n t s I n t r o duc t i on4 Te s t110 Te s t233 Te s t356 Te s t479 Ge ne r a lTr a i n i ng :Re a d i n ga ndWr i t i ngTe s tA1 0 4 Ge ne r a lTr a i n i ng :Re a d i n ga ndWr i t i ngTe s tB1 1 8 Ta p e s c r i p t s1 31 Li s t e ni n ga ndRe a di ngAns we rKe ys15 2 Mod e la n ds a mpl ea n s we r sf orWr i t i ngt a s k s1 6 2 Sa mp l ea ns we rs he e t s17 5 Ac kn owl e dg e me nt s17 6

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I n t r o du c t i o n TheI nt e r na t i on a lEng l i s hLa ngu a geTe s t i n gSy s t e m( IELTS)i swi d e l yr e c o g n i s e da s ar e l i a b l eme a n sofa s s e s s i n gt hel a n g u a g ea b i l i t yo fc a n d i d a t e swh on e e dt os t u d y o rwor kwhe r eEngl i s hi st hel a n gua g eo fc o mmu n i c a t i o n .Th e s ePr a c t i c eTe s t sa r e d e s i gn e dt og i v ef ut u r eIELTS ca nd i d a t e sa ni d e ao fwh e t h e rt h e i rEn g l i s hi sa tt h e r e qui r e dl e v e l . IELTS i sowne db yt hr e ep a r t n e r s ,t h eUn i v e r s i t yo fCambridge ESOLEx a mi n a t i o n s , t h eBr i t i s hCo un ci l a ndI DPEd uc a t i o nPt yLi mi t e d( t h r o u g hi t ss u b s i d i a r yc o mp a n y , IELTS Au s t r a l i aPt yLi mi t e d ) .Fur t h e ri n f o r ma t i o no nIELTS c a nb ef o u n do nt h eIELTS we bs i t e( www. ielts. o r g) .

WHAT IS THE TEST FORMAT? IELTS c ons i s t soff ourc ompone nt s . Al l c a ndi da t e st a k et hes a meLi s t e ni nga ndSpe a k i ng t e s t s . The r ei sac hoi c eofRe a di nga ndWr i t i ngt e s t sa c c or di ngt owhe t he rac a ndi da t ei s t a k i ngt heAc a de mi corGe ne r a l Tr a i ni ngmodul e . Academic

General Training

Forc a ndi da t e swi s hi ngt os t udya t

Forc a ndi da t e swi s hi ngt omi gr a t et oa n

unde r gr a dua t eorpos t gr a dua t el e ve l s , a ndf ort hos es e e k i ngpr of e s s i ona l

Engl i s hs pe a k i ngc ount r y( Aus t r a l i a , Ca na da , Ne wZe a l a nd, UK) , a ndf ort hos ewi s hi ngt o

r e gi s t r a t i on.

t r a i nors t udya tbe l owde gr e el e ve l .

Thet e s tco mpo ne nt sa r et a k e ni nt h ef o l l o wi n go r d e r : Listening file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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4s e c t i ons , 4 0i t e msa ppr ox i ma t e l y3 0mi nut e s Academic Reading 3s e c t i ons , 4 0i t e ms 6 0mi nut e s Academic Writing 2t a s k s

General Training Reading or

or

3s e c t i ons , 4 0i t e ms 6 0mi nut e s General Training Writing 2t a s k s

6 0mi nut e s

6 0mi nut e s Speaking 1 1t o1 4mi nut e s Total Test Time 2hour s4 4mi nut e s

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Page 5 Introduction

Listening Thi st e s tc ons i s t soff ours e c t i ons , e a c hwi t ht e nque s t i ons . Thef i r s tt wos e c t i onsa r e c onc e r ne dwi t hs oc i a l ne e ds . Thef i r s ts e c t i oni sac onve r s a t i onbe t we e nt wos pe a k e r sa nd t hes e c onds e c t i oni samonol ogue . Thef i na l t wos e c t i onsa r ec onc e r ne dwi t hs i t ua t i ons r e l a t e dt oe duc a t i ona l ort r a i ni ngc ont e x t s . Thet hi r ds e c t i oni sac onve r s a t i onbe t we e nupt o f ourpe opl ea ndt hef our t hs e c t i oni samonol ogue . Ava r i e t yofque s t i ont ype si sus e d, i nc l udi ng: mul t i pl ec hoi c e , ma t c hi ng, pl a n/ ma p/ di a gr a ml a be l l i ng, f or mc ompl e t i on, not ec ompl e t i on, t a bl ec ompl e t i on, f l owc ha r t c ompl e t i on, s umma r yc ompl e t i on, s e nt e nc ec ompl e t i on, s hor t a ns we rque s t i ons . Ca ndi da t e she a rt her e c or di ngonc eonl ya nda ns we rt heque s t i onsa st he yl i s t e n. Te n mi nut e sa r ea l l owe da tt hee ndf orc a ndi da t e st ot r a ns f e rt he i ra ns we r st ot hea ns we rs he e t .

Academic Reading Thi st e s tc ons i s t soft hr e es e c t i onswi t h4 0que s t i ons . The r ea r et hr e et e x t s , whi c ha r e t a k e nf r omj our na l s , book s , ma ga z i ne sa ndne ws pa pe r s . Thet e x t sa r eont opi c sofge ne r a l i nt e r e s t . Atl e a s tonet e x tc ont a i nsde t a i l e dl ogi c a l a r gume nt . Ava r i e t yofque s t i ont ype si sus e d, i nc l udi ng: mul t i pl ec hoi c e , i de nt i f yi ngi nf or ma t i on( Tr ue / Fa l s e / NotGi ve n) , i de nt i f yi ngwr i t e r ’ svi e ws / c l a i ms( Ye s / No/ NotGi ve n) , ma t c hi ngi nf or ma t i on, ma t c hi nghe a di ngs , ma t c hi ngf e a t ur e s , ma t c hi ngs e nt e nc ee ndi ngs , s e nt e nc ec ompl e t i on, s umma r yc ompl e t i on, not ec ompl e t i on, t a bl ec ompl e t i on, f l owc ha r tc ompl e t i on, di a gr a m l a be l c ompl e t i on, s hor t a ns we rque s t i ons .

General Training Reading Thi st e s tc ons i s t soft hr e es e c t i onswi t h4 0que s t i ons . Thet e x t sa r et a k e nf r omnot i c e s , a dve r t i s e me nt s , l e a f l e t s , ne ws pa pe r s , i ns t r uc t i onma nua l s , book sa ndma ga z i ne s . The f i r s ts e c t i onc ont a i nst e x t sr e l e va ntt oba s i cl i ngui s t i cs ur vi va l i nEngl i s h, wi t ht a s k sma i nl y c onc e r ne dwi t hpr ovi di ngf a c t ua l i nf or ma t i on. Thes e c onds e c t i onf oc us e sont hewor k c ont e x ta ndi nvol ve st e x t sofmor ec ompl e xl a ngua ge . Thet hi r ds e c t i oni nvol ve sr e a di ng file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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e x t e nde dt e x t , wi t hamor ec ompl e xs t r uc t ur e , butwi t ht hee mpha s i sonde s c r i pt i vea nd i ns t r uc t i ver a t he rt ha na r gume nt a t i vet e x t s . Ava r i e t yofque s t i ont ype si sus e d, i nc l udi ng: mul t i pl ec hoi c e , i de nt i f yi ngi nf or ma t i on( Tr ue / Fa l s e / NotGi ve n) , i de nt i f yi ngwr i t e r ’ svi e ws / c l a i ms( Ye s / No/ NotGi ve n) , ma t c hi ngi nf or ma t i on, ma t c hi nghe a di ngs , ma t c hi ngf e a t ur e s , ma t c hi ngs e nt e nc ee ndi ngs , s e nt e nc ec ompl e t i on, s umma r yc ompl e t i on, not ec ompl e t i on, t a bl ec ompl e t i on, f l owc ha r tc ompl e t i on, di a gr a m l a be l c ompl e t i on, s hor t a ns we rque s t i ons .

Academic Writing Thi st e s tc ons i s t soft wot a s k s . I ti ss ugge s t e dt ha tc a ndi da t e ss pe nda bout2 0mi nut e son Ta s k1 , whi c hr e qui r e st he mt owr i t ea tl e a s t1 5 0wor ds , a nd4 0mi nut e sonTa s k2 , whi c h r e qui r e st he mt owr i t ea tl e a s t2 5 0wor ds . Ta s k2c ont r i but e st wi c ea smuc ha sTa s k1t ot he Wr i t i ngs c or e . Ta s k1r e qui r e sc a ndi da t e st ol ooka tadi a gr a mors omeda t a( gr a ph, t a bl eorc ha r t )a nd t opr e s e ntt hei nf or ma t i oni nt he i rownwor ds . The ya r ea s s e s s e dont he i ra bi l i t yt oor ga ni s e , pr e s e nta ndpos s i bl yc ompa r eda t a , de s c r i bet hes t a ge sofapr oc e s s , de s c r i bea nobj e c tor e ve nt , ore x pl a i nhows ome t hi ngwor k s .

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Page 6 Introduction

I nTa s k2c a ndi da t e sa r epr e s e nt e dwi t hapoi ntofvi e w, a r gume ntorpr obl e m. The ya r e a s s e s s e dont he i ra bi l i t yt opr e s e ntas ol ut i ont ot hepr obl e m, pr e s e nta ndj us t i f ya nopi ni on, c ompa r ea ndc ont r a s te vi de nc ea ndopi ni ons , a nde va l ua t ea ndc ha l l e ngei de a s , e vi de nc e ora r gume nt s . Ca ndi da t e sa r ea l s oa s s e s s e dont he i ra bi l i t yt owr i t ei na na ppr opr i a t es t yl e .

General Training Writing Thi st e s tc ons i s t soft wot a s k s . I ti ss ugge s t e dt ha tc a ndi da t e ss pe nda bout2 0mi nut e son Ta s k1 , whi c hr e qui r e st he mt owr i t ea tl e a s t1 5 0wor ds , a nd4 0mi nut e sonTa s k2 , whi c h r e qui r e st he mt owr i t ea tl e a s t2 5 0wor ds . Ta s k2c ont r i but e st wi c ea smuc ha sTa s k1t ot he Wr i t i ngs c or e . I nTa s k1c a ndi da t e sa r ea s k e dt or e s pondt oagi ve ns i t ua t i onwi t hal e t t e rr e que s t i ng i nf or ma t i onore x pl a i ni ngt hes i t ua t i on. The ya r ea s s e s s e dont he i ra bi l i t yt oe nga gei n pe r s ona l c or r e s ponde nc e , e l i c i ta ndpr ovi dege ne r a l f a c t ua l i nf or ma t i on, e x pr e s sne e ds , wa nt s , l i k e sa nddi s l i k e s , e x pr e s sopi ni ons , c ompl a i nt s , e t c . I nTa s k2c a ndi da t e sa r epr e s e nt e dwi t hapoi ntofvi e w, a r gume ntorpr obl e m. The y a r ea s s e s s e dont he i ra bi l i t yt opr ovi dege ne r a l f a c t ua l i nf or ma t i on, out l i neapr obl e m a ndpr e s e ntas ol ut i on, pr e s e nta ndj us t i f ya nopi ni on, a nde va l ua t ea ndc ha l l e ngei de a s , e vi de nc eora r gume nt s . Ca ndi da t e sa r ea l s oa s s e s s e dont he i ra bi l i t yt owr i t ei na na ppr opr i a t es t yl e . Mor ei nf or ma t i onona s s e s s i ngbot ht heAc a de mi ca ndGe ne r a l Tr a i ni ngWr i t i ngt e s t s , i nc l udi ngt heWr i t i ngAs s e s s me ntCr i t e r i a( publ i cve r s i on) , i sa va i l a bl eont heIELTS we bs i t e .

Speaking Thi st e s tt a k e sbe t we e n1 1a nd1 4mi nut e sa ndi sc onduc t e dbyat r a i ne de x a mi ne r . The r e a r et hr e epa r t s : file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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Part 1 Thec a ndi da t ea ndt hee x a mi ne ri nt r oduc et he ms e l ve s . Ca ndi da t e st he na ns we rge ne r a l que s t i onsa boutt he ms e l ve s , t he i rhome / f a mi l y, t he i rj ob/ s t udi e s , t he i ri nt e r e s t sa ndawi de r a ngeofs i mi l a rf a mi l i a rt opi ca r e a s . Thi spa r tl a s t sbe t we e nf oura ndf i vemi nut e s .

Part 2 Thec a ndi da t ei sgi ve nat a s kc a r dwi t hpr ompt sa ndi sa s k e dt ot a l konapa r t i c ul a rt opi c . Thec a ndi da t eha sonemi nut et opr e pa r ea ndt he yc a nma k es omenot e si ft he ywi s h, be f or es pe a k i ngf orbe t we e nonea ndt womi nut e s . Thee x a mi ne rt he na s k soneort wo que s t i onsont hes a met opi c .

Part 3 Thee x a mi ne ra ndt hec a ndi da t ee nga gei nadi s c us s i onofmor ea bs t r a c ti s s ue swhi c ha r e t he ma t i c a l l yl i nk e dt ot het opi ci nPa r t2 . Thedi s c us s i onl a s t sbe t we e nf oura ndf i vemi nut e s . TheSpe a k i ngt e s ta s s e s s e swhe t he rc a ndi da t e sc a nc ommuni c a t ee f f e c t i ve l yi nEngl i s h. Thea s s e s s me ntt a k e si nt oa c c ountFl ue nc ya ndCohe r e nc e , Le x i c a l Re s our c e , Gr a mma t i c a l Ra ngea ndAc c ur a c y, a ndPr onunc i a t i on. Mor ei nf or ma t i onona s s e s s i ngt heSpe a k i ngt e s t , i nc l udi ngt heSpe a k i ngAs s e s s me ntCr i t e r i a( publ i cve r s i on) , i sa va i l a bl eont heIELTS we bs i t e .

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Page 7 Introduction

HOW IS IELTS SCORED? IELTS r e s ul t sa r er e por t e donani ne ba nds c a l e . I na ddi t i ont ot hes c or ef orove r a l l l a ngua ge a bi l i t y, IELTS pr ovi de sas c or ei nt hef or mofapr of i l ef ore a c hoft hef ours k i l l s( Li s t e ni ng, Re a di ng, Wr i t i nga ndSpe a k i ng) . The s es c or e sa r ea l s or e por t e donani ne ba nds c a l e . Al l s c or e sa r er e c or de dont heTe s tRe por tFor ma l ongwi t hde t a i l soft hec a ndi da t e ’ sna t i ona l i t y, f i r s tl a ngua gea ndda t eofbi r t h. Ea c hOve r a l l Ba ndSc or ec or r e s pondst oade s c r i pt i ve s t a t e me ntwhi c hgi ve sas umma r yoft heEngl i s hl a ngua gea bi l i t yofac a ndi da t ec l a s s i f i e da t t ha tl e ve l . Theni neba ndsa ndt he i rde s c r i pt i ves t a t e me nt sa r ea sf ol l ows :

9 Expert User – Has fully operational command of the language: appropriate, accurate and fluent with complete understanding. 8 Very Good User – Has fully operational command of the language with only occasional unsystematic inaccuracies and inappropriacies. Misunderstandings may occur in unfamiliar situations. Handles complex detailed argumentation well. 7 Good User – Has operational command of the language, though with occasional inaccuracies, inappropriacies and misunderstandings in some situations. Generally handles complex language well and understands detailed reasoning. 6 Competent User – Has generally effective command of the language despite some inaccuracies, inappropriacies and misunderstandings. Can use and understand fairly complex language, particularly in familiar situations. 5 Modest User – Has partial command of the language, coping with overall meaning in file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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most situations, though is likely to make many mistakes. Should be able to handle basic communication in own field. 4 Limited User – Basic competence is limited to familiar situations. Has frequent problems in understanding and expression. Is not able to use complex language. 3 Extremely Limited User – Conveys and understands only general meaning in very familiar situations. Frequent breakdowns in communication occur. 2 Intermittent User – No real communication is possible except for the most basic information using isolated words or short formulae in familiar situations and to meet immediate needs. Has great difficulty understanding spoken and written English. 1 Non User – Essentially has no ability to use the language beyond possibly a few isolated words. 0 Did not attempt the test – No assessable information provided. Mos tuni ve r s i t i e sa ndc ol l e ge si nt heUni t e dKi ngdom, Aus t r a l i a , Ne wZe a l a nd, Ca na da a ndt heUSAa c c e pta nIELTS Ove r a l l Ba ndSc or eof6 . 0–7 . 0f ore nt r yt oa c a de mi c pr ogr a mme s .

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Page 8 Introduction

MARKING THE PRACTICE TESTS Listening and Reading TheAns we rKe ysa r eonpa ge s1 5 2 –1 6 1 . Ea c hque s t i oni nt heLi s t e ni nga ndRe a di ngt e s t si swor t honema r k . Questions which require letter / Roman numeral answers •Forque s t i onswhe r et hea ns we r sa r el e t t e r sorRoma nnume r a l s , yous houl dwr i t eonly t henumbe rofa ns we r sr e qui r e d. Fore x a mpl e , i ft hea ns we ri sas i ngl el e t t e rornume r a l yous houl dwr i t eonl yonea ns we r . I fyouha vewr i t t e nmor el e t t e r sornume r a l st ha na r e r e qui r e d, t hea ns we rmus tbema r k e dwr ong. Questions which require answers in the form of words or numbers •Ans we r sma ybewr i t t e ni nuppe rorl owe rc a s e . •Wor dsi nbr a c k e t sa r eoptional –t he ya r ec or r e c t , butnotne c e s s a r y. •Al t e r na t i vea ns we r sa r es e pa r a t e dbyas l a s h( / ) . •I fyoua r ea s k e dt owr i t ea na ns we rus i ngac e r t a i nnumbe rofwor dsa nd/ or( a ) numbe r ( s ) , youwi l l bepe na l i s e di fyoue x c e e dt hi s . Fore x a mpl e , i faque s t i ons pe c i f i e s a na ns we rus i ngNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSa ndt hec or r e c ta ns we ri s‘ bl a c k l e a t he rc oa t ’ , t hea ns we r‘ c oa tofbl a c kl e a t he r ’i sincorrect. •I nque s t i onswhe r eyoua r ee x pe c t e dt oc ompl e t eaga p, yous houl dt r a ns f e ronl yt he ne c e s s a r ymi s s i ngwor d( s )ont ot hea ns we rs he e t . Fore x a mpl e , t oc ompl e t e‘ i nt he. . . ’ , a ndt hec or r e c ta ns we ri s‘ mor ni ng’ , t hea ns we r‘ i nt hemor ni ng’woul dbeincorrect. •Al l a ns we r sr e qui r ec or r e c ts pe l l i ng( i nc l udi ngwor dsi nbr a c k e t s ) . file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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•Bot hUSa ndUKs pe l l i nga r ea c c e pt a bl ea nda r ei nc l ude di nt heAns we rKe y. •Al l s t a nda r da l t e r na t i ve sf ornumbe r s , da t e sa ndc ur r e nc i e sa r ea c c e pt a bl e . •Al l s t a nda r da bbr e vi a t i onsa r ea c c e pt a bl e . •Youwi l l f i nda ddi t i ona l not e sa bouti ndi vi dua l a ns we r si nt heAns we rKe y.

Writing Themode l a nds a mpl ea ns we r sa r eonpa ge s1 6 2 –1 7 3 . I ti snotpos s i bl ef oryout ogi ve your s e l fama r kf ort heWr i t i ngt a s k s . ForTa s k2i nTe s t s1a nd3 , a ndTa s k1i nTe s t s2a nd 4 , a ndf orTa s k1i nGe ne r a l Tr a i ni ngTe s tAa ndTa s k2i nGe ne r a l Tr a i ni ngTe s tB, weha ve pr ovi de dmode l a ns we r s( wr i t t e nbya ne x a mi ne r ) . I ti si mpor t a ntt onot et ha tt he s es how j us tonewa yofc ompl e t i ngt het a s k , outofma nypos s i bl ea ppr oa c he s . ForTa s k1i nTe s t s1 a nd3 , a ndTa s k2i nTe s t s2a nd4 , a ndf orTa s k2i nGe ne r a l Tr a i ni ngTe s tAa ndTa s k1i n Ge ne r a l Tr a i ni ngTe s tB, weha vepr ovi de ds a mpl ea ns we r s( wr i t t e nbyc a ndi da t e s ) , s howi ng t he i rs c or ea ndt hee x a mi ne r ’ sc omme nt s . The s emode l a ns we r sa nds a mpl ea ns we r swi l l gi veyoua ni ns i ghti nt owha ti sr e qui r e df ort heWr i t i ngt e s t .

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Page 9 Introduction

HOW SHOULD YOU INTERPRET YOUR SCORES? Att hee ndofe a c hLi s t e ni nga ndRe a di ngAns we rk e yyouwi l l f i ndac ha r twhi c hwi l l he l p youa s s e s swhe t he r , ont heba s i sofyourPr a c t i c eTe s tr e s ul t s , youa r er e a dyt ot a k et he IELTS t e s t . I ni nt e r pr e t i ngyours c or e , t he r ea r eanumbe rofpoi nt syous houl dbe a ri nmi nd. Your pe r f or ma nc ei nt her e a l IELTS t e s twi l l ber e por t e di nt wowa ys : t he r ewi l l beaBa ndSc or e f r om1t o9 f ore a c hoft hec ompone nt sa nda nOve r a l l Ba ndSc or ef r om1t o9, whi c h i st hea ve r a geofyours c or e si nt hef ourc ompone nt s . Howe ve r , i ns t i t ut i onsc ons i de r i ng youra ppl i c a t i ona r ea dvi s e dt ol ooka tbot ht heOve r a l l Ba ndSc or ea ndt heBa ndsf or e a c hc ompone nti nor de rt ode t e r mi newhe t he ryouha vet hel a ngua ges k i l l sne e de df ora pa r t i c ul a rc our s eofs t udy. Fore x a mpl e , i fyourc our s eha sal otofr e a di nga ndwr i t i ng, but nol e c t ur e s , l i s t e ni ngs k i l l smi ghtbel e s si mpor t a nta ndas c or eof5i nLi s t e ni ngmi ghtbe a c c e pt a bl ei ft heOve r a l l Ba ndSc or ewa s7 . Howe ve r , f orac our s ewhi c hha sl ot sofl e c t ur e s a nds pok e ni ns t r uc t i ons , as c or eof5i nLi s t e ni ngmi ghtbeuna c c e pt a bl ee ve nt hought he Ove r a l l Ba ndSc or ewa s7 . Onc eyouha vema r k e dyourt e s t syous houl dha ves omei de aofwhe t he ryourl i s t e ni ng a ndr e a di ngs k i l l sa r egoode noughf oryout ot r yt heIELTS t e s t . I fyoudi dwe l l e noughi n onec ompone ntbutnoti not he r s , youwi l l ha vet ode c i def oryour s e l fwhe t he ryoua r er e a dy t ot a k et het e s t . ThePr a c t i c eTe s t sha vebe e nc he c k e dt oe ns ur et ha tt he ya r eofa ppr ox i ma t e l yt hes a me l e ve l ofdi f f i c ul t ya st her e a l IELTS t e s t . Howe ve r , wec a nnotgua r a nt e et ha tyours c or ei nt he Pr a c t i c eTe s t swi l l ber e f l e c t e di nt her e a l IELTS t e s t . ThePr a c t i c eTe s t sc a nonl ygi veyou file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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a n i d e a o f y o u r p o s s i bl ef ut ur epe r f or ma nc ea ndi ti sul t i ma t e l yupt oyout oma k ede c i s i ons b a s e d o n y o u r s c o r e . Di f f e r e nti ns t i t ut i onsa c c e ptdi f f e r e ntIELTS s c or e sf ordi f f e r e ntt ype sofc our s e s . Weha ve ba s e dourr e c omme nda t i onsont hea ve r a ges c or e swhi c ht hema j or i t yofi ns t i t ut i onsa c c e pt . Thei ns t i t ut i ont owhi c hyoua r ea ppl yi ngma y, ofc our s e , r e qui r eahi ghe rorl owe rs c or et ha n mos tot he ri ns t i t ut i ons .

Further information Formor ei nf or ma t i ona boutIELTS ora nyot he rUni ve r s i t yofCambridge ESOLe x a mi na t i on, wr i t et o: Uni ve r s i t yofCambridge ESOLEx a mi na t i ons 1Hi l l sRoa d Cambridge

Te l e phone : +4 41 2 2 35 5 3 3 5 5 Fa x : +4 41 2 2 34 6 0 2 7 8 e ma i l : e s ol he l pde s k @c a mbr i dge e s ol . or g

CB12 EU Uni t e dKi ngdom

ht t p: / / www. c a mbr i dge e s ol . or g ht t p: / / www. ielts. or g

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Page 10

Te s t1 LISTENING

SECTION 1 Questions 1–10 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

JOB ENQUIRY Example • Work at: ar e s t a u r a n t

• Type of work: 1 file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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• Number of hours per week: 1 2h o u r s • Would need work permit • Work in the: 2

b r a n c h

• Nearest bus stop: next to 3 • Pay: 4 £

a nh o u r

• Extra benefits: –af r e ed i nn e r –e x t r ap a ywh e nyo uwo r ko n5 –t r a ns p or th omewhe ny ouwo r k6 • Qualities required: –7 –a b i l i t yt o8 • Interview arranged for: Thu r s d a y9

a t6p . m.

• Bring the names of two referees • Ask for: Sa mi r a10

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Page 11 Listening

SECTION 2 Questions 11–20 Questions 11–16 Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Spor t sWor l d •ane w 11

o fa ni n t e r n a t i o n a l s p o r t sg o o d sc o mp a n y o fBr a d c a s t e r

•l o ca t e di nt hes ho pp i ngce nt r et ot h e12 •ha ss por t s13 •ca ng e tyoua nyi t e m wi t hi n14

a n de q u i p me n to nf l o o r s1–3 d a y s

•s hops pe ci a l i s e si ne qu i p me ntf or15 •ha sas p e ci a ls e ct i onwhi chj us ts e l l s16 file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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Page 12 Test 1

Questions 17 and 18 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. 17 Acha mpi o na t hl e t ewi l lb ei nt hes h o p A onSa t u r da ymor ni ngo nl y. Ba l lda ySa t u r d a y . Cf o rt hewh ol ewe e ke nd . 18 Thef i r s tpe r s ont oa n s we r2 0qu i zq u e s t i o n sc o r r e c t l ywi l l wi n A gy m me mb e r s hi p. B av i de o . C ac a l e n da r .

Questions 19 and 20 Choose TWO letters, A–E. Whi chTWO p i e ce so fi n f o r ma t i ond o e st h es p e a k e rg i v ea b o u tt h ef i t n e s st e s t ? file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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A Yo une e dt or e s e r v eap l a ce . BI ti sf r e et oa cco un th ol de r s . C Yo uge ta dv i c eo nh ow t oi mp r o v ey o u rh e a l t h . DI tt a ke spl a cei nas pe ci a lcl i n i c . EI ti sc he a pe rt hi smont h .

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Page 13 Listening

SECTION 3 Questions 21–30 Questions 21–30 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Course Feedback 21 Oner e a s o nwh ySpi r osf e l tha p pya b o u th i sma r k e t i n gp r e s e n t a t i o nwa st h a t Ah ewa sno tn e r v ous . Bh i ss t yl ewa sg ood . Ct h epr e s e n t a t i onwa st hebe s ti nh i sg r o u p . 22 Wha ts ur p r i s e dHi r ok oa bo utt heot h e rs t u d e n t s ’p r e s e n t a t i o n s ? A The i rpr e s e n t a t i on swe r en oti n t e r e s t i n g . B The yf o un dt he i rpr e s e n t a t i on ss t r e s s f u l . C The yd i d n’ tl oo ka tt hea ud i e nc ee n o u g h . file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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23 Af t e rs hega v ehe rp r e s e nt a t i o n,Hi r o k of e l t Ad e l i g ht e d . Bd i s s a t i s f i e d. Ce mba r r a s s e d . 24 How d oe sSp i r osf e e l a b ou th i sp e r f o r ma n c ei nt u t o r i a l s ? An otv e r yh a p py Br e a l l yp l e a s e d Cf a i r l yc on f i d e nt 25 Whyc a nt heot he rs t ude n t sp a r t i ci p a t es oe a s i l yi nd i s c u s s i o n s ? A The ya r epol i t et oe a c hot h e r . B The ya gr e et ot a ket ur nsi ns p e a k i n g . C The yk no we a cho t he rwe l l . 26 Whyi sHi r okof e e l i ngmor ep os i t i vea b o u tt u t o r i a l sn o w? A Shef i n dst heo t he rs t ud e nt s ’o p i n i o n smo r ei n t e r e s t i n g . B Shei sma ki n gmor eo faco nt r i b u t i o n . C Thet ut o ri ncl ud e sh e ri nt hed i s c u s s i o n . 27 Toh e l ph e ru nd e r s t a ndl e ct ur e s ,Hi r o k o Ac on s ul t e dr e f e r e ncema t e r i a l s . Bh a de xt r at ut o r i a l swi t hhe rl e c t u r e r s . Cb or r owe dl e c t ur en ot e sf r om o t h e rs t u d e n t s .

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Page 14 Test 1

28 Wha td o e sSp i r o st hi n ko fhi sr e a di n gs k i l l s ? A Her e a d sf a s t e rt ha nh eus e dt o . BI ts t i l l t a ke shi m al o ngt i met or e a d . C Het e nd st os t r ug gl ewi t hn e wv o c a b u l a r y . 29 Wha ti sHi r o ko’ ss ubj e cta r e a ? Ae n vi r o nme n t a ls t ud i e s B he a l t he du ca t i on Ce n gi ne e r i ng 30 Hi r okot hi n kst ha ti nt her e a d i n gc l a s s e st h es t u d e n t ss h o u l d Al e a r nmor evo ca bu l a r y . Br e a dmo r ei nt he i rowns ubj e c ta r e a s . C de ve l opbe t t e rr e a d i ngs t r a t e g i e s .

file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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Page 15 Listening

SECTION 4 Questions 31–40 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Mass Strandings of Whales and Dolphins Ma s ss t r a ndi ng s : s i t u a t i on swhe r eg r o u p so fwh a l e s ,d o l p h i n s ,e t c .s wi mo n t ot h eb e a c h a ndd i e Commoni na r e a swh e r et he31

c a nc h a n g eq u i c k l y

Se ve r a lot he rt he or i e s :

file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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Parasites ,wh i c ht h e yd e p e n d

e . g.s o mep a r a s i t e sc a na f f e c tma r i nea n i ma l s ’32 onf o rna vi ga t i on

Toxins o r

Poi s o n sf r om 33

a r ec o mmo n l yc o n s u me db y

wh a l e s e . g.Ca peCod( 19 88 )–wha l e swe r ek i l l e db ys a x i t o x i n

Accidental Strandings Ani ma l sma yf ol l ow pr e ya s h or e ,e . g .Th u r s t o n( 1 9 9 5 ) wh e nt h e y

Unl i ke l ybe ca u s et h ema j o r i t yofa n i ma l swe r en o t34 s t r a nd e d

Human Activity 35

f r om mi l i t a r yt e s t sa r el i n k e dt os o mer e c e n ts t r a n d i n g s

TheBa ha ma s( 20 00 )s t r a n di n gwa su n u s u a l b e c a u s et h ewh a l e s •we r ea l l 36 •we r eno ti na37

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Page 16 Test 1

Group Behaviour •Mo r es t r a n di n gsi nt hemo s t38

•1 9 94do l p hi ns t r a nd i n g–o nl yt h e39

s p e c i e so fwh a l e s

wa si l l

Further Reading Marine Mammals Ashore ( Co nn o r )–g i v e si n f o r ma t i o na b o u ts t r a n d i n g40

file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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Page 17 Reading

READING

READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 on pages 2 and 3.

Wi l l i a mHe nr yPe r ki n The man who invented synthetic dyes file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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Wi l l i a mHe nr yPe r k i nwa sbor non Ma r c h1 2 , 1 8 3 8 , i nLondon, Engl a nd.

Att het i me , qui ni newa st heonl yvi a bl e me di c a l t r e a t me ntf orma l a r i a . The

Asaboy, Pe r k i n’ sc ur i os i t ypr ompt e d e a r l yi nt e r e s t si nt hea r t s , s c i e nc e s ,

dr ugi sde r i ve df r omt heba r koft he c i nc honat r e e , na t i vet oSout hAme r i c a ,

phot ogr a phy, a nde ngi ne e r i ng. Buti twa s ac ha nc es t umbl i nguponar undown,

a ndby1 8 5 6de ma ndf ort hedr ugwa s s ur pa s s i ngt hea va i l a bl es uppl y. Thus ,

ye tf unc t i ona l , l a bor a t or yi nhi sl a t e gr a ndf a t he r ’ shomet ha ts ol i di f i e dt he

whe nHof ma nnma des omepa s s i ng c omme nt sa boutt hede s i r a bi l i t yofa

youngma n’ se nt hus i a s mf orc he mi s t r y.

s ynt he t i cs ubs t i t ut ef orqui ni ne , i twa s uns ur pr i s i ngt ha thi ss t a rpupi l wa s

Asas t ude nta tt heCi t yofLondonSc hool , Pe r k i nbe c a mei mme r s e di nt hes t udyof

move dt ot a k eupt hec ha l l e nge .

c he mi s t r y. Hi st a l e nta ndde vot i ont ot he s ubj e c twe r epe r c e i ve dbyhi st e a c he r ,

Dur i nghi sva c a t i oni n1 8 5 6 , Pe r k i n s pe nthi st i mei nt hel a bor a t or yont he

Thoma sHa l l , whoe nc our a ge dhi mt o a t t e ndas e r i e sofl e c t ur e sgi ve nbyt he

t opf l oorofhi sf a mi l y’ shous e . Hewa s a t t e mpt i ngt oma nuf a c t ur equi ni ne

e mi ne nts c i e nt i s tMi c ha e l Fa r a da ya tt he Roya l I ns t i t ut i on. Thos es pe e c he sf i r e d

f r oma ni l i ne , a ni ne x pe ns i vea ndr e a di l y a va i l a bl ec oa l t a rwa s t epr oduc t . De s pi t e

t heyoungc he mi s t ’ se nt hus i a s mf ur t he r , a ndhel a t e rwe ntont oa t t e ndt heRoya l

hi sbe s te f f or t s , howe ve r , hedi dnote nd upwi t hqui ni ne . I ns t e a d, hepr oduc e da

Col l e geofChe mi s t r y, whi c hhes uc c e e de d i ne nt e r i ngi n1 8 5 3 , a tt hea geof1 5 .

mys t e r i ousda r ks l udge . Luc k i l y, Pe r k i n’ s s c i e nt i f i ct r a i ni nga ndna t ur epr ompt e d

Att het i meofPe r k i n’ se nr ol me nt , t he

hi mt oi nve s t i ga t et hes ubs t a nc ef ur t he r . I nc or por a t i ngpot a s s i umdi c hr oma t ea nd

Roya l Col l e geofChe mi s t r ywa she a de d byt henot e dGe r ma nc he mi s tAugus t Wi l he l mHof ma nn. Pe r k i n’ ss c i e nt i f i c gi f t ss oonc a ughtHof ma nn’ sa t t e nt i on a nd, wi t hi nt woye a r s , hebe c a me Hof ma nn’ syounge s ta s s i s t a nt . Notl ong a f t e rt ha t , Pe r k i nma det hes c i e nt i f i c br e a k t hr ought ha twoul dbr i nghi mbot h

a l c ohol i nt ot hea ni l i nea tva r i ouss t a ge s oft hee x pe r i me nt a l pr oc e s s , hef i na l l y pr oduc e dade e ppur pl es ol ut i on. And, pr ovi ngt het r ut hoft hef a mouss c i e nt i s t Loui sPa s t e ur ’ swor ds‘ c ha nc ef a vour s onl yt hepr e pa r e dmi nd’ , Pe r k i ns a wt he pot e nt i a l ofhi sune x pe c t e df i nd.

f a mea ndf or t une .

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Page 18 Test 1

Hi s t or i c a l l y, t e x t i l edye swe r ema de

Wi t ht hehe l pofhi sf a t he ra ndbr ot he r ,

f r oms uc hna t ur a l s our c e sa spl a nt s a nda ni ma l e x c r e t i ons . Someoft he s e ,

Pe r k i ns e tupaf a c t or ynotf a rf r om London. Ut i l i s i ngt hec he a pa ndpl e nt i f ul

s uc ha st hegl a ndul a rmuc usofs na i l s , we r edi f f i c ul tt oobt a i na ndout r a ge ous l y

c oa l t a rt ha twa sa na l mos tunl i mi t e d bypr oduc tofLondon’ sga ss t r e e tl i ght i ng,

e x pe ns i ve . I nde e d, t hepur pl ec ol our e x t r a c t e df r omas na i l wa sonc es oc os t l y

t hedyewor k sbe ga npr oduc i ngt he wor l d’ sf i r s ts ynt he t i c a l l ydye dma t e r i a l

t ha ti ns oc i e t ya tt het i meonl yt her i c h c oul da f f or di t . Fur t he r , na t ur a l dye s

i n1 8 5 7 . Thec ompa nyr e c e i ve da c omme r c i a l boos tf r omt heEmpr e s s

t e nde dt obemuddyi nhuea ndf a de qui c k l y. I twa sa ga i ns tt hi sba c k dr opt ha t

Eugé ni eofFr a nc e , whe ns hede c i de d t hene wc ol ourf l a t t e r e dhe r . Ve r ys oon,

Pe r k i n’ sdi s c ove r ywa sma de .

ma uvewa st hene c e s s a r ys ha def ora l l

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Pe r k i nqui c k l ygr a s pe dt ha thi spur pl e s ol ut i onc oul dbeus e dt oc ol our f a br i c , t husma k i ngi tt hewor l d’ sf i r s t s ynt he t i cdye . Re a l i s i ngt hei mpor t a nc e oft hi sbr e a k t hr ough, hel os tnot i me i npa t e nt i ngi t . Butpe r ha pst hemos t f a s c i na t i ngofa l l Pe r k i n’ sr e a c t i onst ohi s f i ndwa shi sne a r l yi ns t a ntr e c ogni t i on

t hef a s hi ona bl el a di e si nt ha tc ount r y. Nott obeout done , Engl a nd’ sQue e n Vi c t or i aa l s oa ppe a r e di npubl i cwe a r i ng ama uvegown, t husma k i ngi ta l l t he r a gei nEngl a nda swe l l . Thedyewa s bol da ndf a s t , a ndt hepubl i cc l a mour e d f ormor e . Pe r k i nwe ntba c kt ot he dr a wi ngboa r d.

t ha tt hene wdyeha dc omme r c i a l pos s i bi l i t i e s .

Al t houghPe r k i n’ sf a mewa sa c hi e ve d a ndf or t unea s s ur e dbyhi sf i r s t

Pe r k i nor i gi na l l yna me dhi sdyeTyr i a n

di s c ove r y, t hec he mi s tc ont i nue d hi sr e s e a r c h. Amongot he rdye she

Pur pl e , buti tl a t e rbe c a mec ommonl y k nowna sma uve( f r omt heFr e nc hf or t hepl a ntus e dt oma k et hec ol ourvi ol e t ) . Hea s k e da dvi c eofSc ot t i s hdyewor k s owne rRobe r tPul l a r , whoa s s ur e dhi m t ha tma nuf a c t ur i ngt hedyewoul dbe we l l wor t hi ti ft hec ol ourr e ma i ne d f a s t( i . e . woul dnotf a de )a ndt hec os t wa sr e l a t i ve l yl ow. So, ove rt hef i e r c e obj e c t i onsofhi sme nt orHof ma nn, he l e f tc ol l e get ogi vebi r t ht ot hemode r n c he mi c a l i ndus t r y.

de ve l ope da ndi nt r oduc e dwe r ea ni l i ne r e d( 1 8 5 9 )a nda ni l i nebl a c k( 1 8 6 3 )a nd, i nt hel a t e1 8 6 0 s , Pe r k i n’ sgr e e n. I ti s i mpor t a ntt onot et ha tPe r k i n’ ss ynt he t i c dyedi s c ove r i e sha dout c ome sf a rbe yond t heme r e l yde c or a t i ve . Thedye sa l s o be c a mevi t a l t ome di c a l r e s e a r c hi n ma nywa ys . Fori ns t a nc e , t he ywe r eus e d t os t a i npr e vi ous l yi nvi s i bl emi c r obe sa nd ba c t e r i a , a l l owi ngr e s e a r c he r st oi de nt i f y s uc hba c i l l i a st ube r c ul os i s , c hol e r a , a nda nt hr a x . Ar t i f i c i a l dye sc ont i nuet o pl a yac r uc i a l r ol et oda y. And, i nwha t woul dha vebe e npa r t i c ul a r l ypl e a s i ngt o Pe r k i n, t he i rc ur r e ntus ei si nt hes e a r c h f orava c c i nea ga i ns tma l a r i a .

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Page 19 Reading

Questions 1 – 7 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write TRUE

if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE

if the statement contradicts the information

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1

Mi cha e lFa r a da ywa st hef i r s tpe r s o nt or e c o g n i s ePe r k i n ’ sa b i l i t ya sas t u d e n to f che mi s t r y .

2

Mi cha e lFa r a da ys ugg e s t e dPe r ki ns h o u l de n r o l i nt h eRo y a l Co l l e g eo fCh e mi s t r y .

3

Pe r ki ne mp l o ye dAugu s tWi l he l m Ho f ma n na sh i sa s s i s t a n t .

4

Pe r ki nwa ss t i l ly oun gwhe nh ema d et h ed i s c o v e r yt h a tma d eh i mr i c ha n df a mo u s .

5

Th et r e e sf r o m wh i chqui ni nei sd e r i v e dg r o wo n l yi nSo u t hAme r i c a .

6

Pe r ki nho pe dt oma nu f a ct u r ead r u gf r o m ac o a l t a rwa s t ep r o d u c t .

7

Pe r ki nwa si ns pi r e db yt hed i s co ve r i e so ft h ef a mo u ss c i e n t i s tLo u i sPa s t e u r .

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Page 20 Test 1

Questions 8 – 13 Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet. 8

Be f o r ePe r ki n’ sdi s c ove r y,wi t hwh a tg r o u pi ns o c i e t ywa st h ec o l o u rp u r p l e a s s oci a t e d?

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9

Wha tp ot e nt i a ld i dPe r ki ni mme d i a t e l yu n d e r s t a n dt h a th i sn e wd y eh a d ?

10 Wha twa st hena mef i n a l l yus e dt or e f e rt ot h ef i r s tc o l o u rPe r k i ni n v e n t e d ? 11 Wha twa st hena meo ft h ep e r s onPe r k i nc o n s u l t e db e f o r es e t t i n gu ph i so wnd y e wor k s ? 12 I nwha tcou nt r ydi dPe r k i n’ sne wl yi n v e n t e dc o l o u rf i r s tb e c o mef a s h i o n a b l e ? 13 Acco r di ngt ot hep a s s a g e ,whi chd i s e a s ei sn o wb e i n gt a r g e t e db yr e s e a r c h e r s u s i n gs y nt he t i cdy e s ?

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READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.

Questions 14–17 Re a d i ngPa s s a g e2ha sf i vep a r a gr a phs ,A–E. file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B–E from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i–vii, in boxes 14–17 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings i

Se e k i n gt het r a n s mi s s i o no fr a d i os i g n a l sf r o mp l a n e t s

ii

App r o pr i a t er e s po ns e st os i g n a l sf r o mo t h e rc i v i l i s a t i o n s

iii Va s tdi s t a nce st oEa r t h’ sc l o s e s tn e i g h b o u r s iv As s ump t i o nsun de r l yi ngt h es e a r c hf o re x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l i n t e l l i g e n c e v

Re a s on sf ort hes e a r c hf o re x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l i n t e l l i g e n c e

vi Kno wl e d geofe xt r a t e r r e s t r i a l l i f ef o r ms vii Li ke l i ho odo fl i f eo no t h e rp l a n e t s

Example Pa r a gr a phA

Answer v

14 Pa r a gr a phB 15 Pa r a gr a phC 16 Pa r a gr a phD 17 Pa r a gr a phE

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I STHEREANYBODYOUTTHERE? TheSe a r c hf orExt r a t e r r e s t r i a lI n t e l l i g e n c e file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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The question of whether we are alone in the Universe has haunted humanity for centuries, but we may now stand poised on the brink of the answer to that question, as we search for radio signals from other intelligent civilisations. This search, often known by the acronym SETI (search for extra-terrestrial intelligence), is a difficult one. Although groups around the world have been searching intermittently for three decades, it is only now that we have reached the level of technology where we can make a determined attempt to search all nearby stars for any sign of life.

A Thepr i ma r yr e a s onf ort hes e a r c hi sba s i cc ur i os i t y–t hes a mec ur i os i t ya boutt hena t ur a l wor l dt ha tdr i ve sa l l pur es c i e nc e . Wewa ntt ok nowwhe t he rwea r ea l onei nt heUni ve r s e . Wewa ntt ok nowwhe t he rl i f ee vol ve sna t ur a l l yi fgi ve nt her i ghtc ondi t i ons , orwhe t he rt he r e i ss ome t hi ngve r ys pe c i a l a boutt heEa r t ht oha vef os t e r e dt heva r i e t yofl i f ef or mst ha t wes e ea r oundusont hepl a ne t . Thes i mpl ede t e c t i onofar a di os i gna l wi l l bes uf f i c i e ntt o a ns we rt hi smos tba s i cofa l l que s t i ons . I nt hi ss e ns e , SETIi sa not he rc ogi nt hema c hi ne r y ofpur es c i e nc ewhi c hi sc ont i nua l l ypus hi ngoutt hehor i z onofourk nowl e dge . Howe ve r , t he r ea r eot he rr e a s onsf orbe i ngi nt e r e s t e di nwhe t he rl i f ee x i s t se l s e whe r e . Fore x a mpl e , weha veha dc i vi l i s a t i ononEa r t hf orpe r ha psonl yaf e wt hous a ndye a r s , a ndt het hr e a t sof nuc l e a rwa ra ndpol l ut i onove rt hel a s tf e wde c a de sha vet ol dust ha tours ur vi va l ma ybe t e nuous . Wi l l wel a s ta not he rt wot hous a ndye a r sorwi l l wewi peour s e l ve sout ?Si nc et he l i f e t i meofapl a ne tl i k eour si ss e ve r a l bi l l i onye a r s , wec a ne x pe c tt ha t , i fot he rc i vi l i s a t i ons dos ur vi vei nourga l a x y, t he i ra ge swi l l r a ngef r omz e r ot os e ve r a l bi l l i onye a r s . Thusa ny ot he rc i vi l i s a t i ont ha twehe a rf r omi sl i k e l yt obef a rol de r , ona ve r a ge , t ha nour s e l ve s . The me r ee x i s t e nc eofs uc hac i vi l i s a t i onwi l l t e l l ust ha tl ongt e r ms ur vi va l i spos s i bl e , a ndgi ve s uss omec a us ef oropt i mi s m. I ti se ve npos s i bl et ha tt heol de rc i vi l i s a t i onma ypa s sont he be ne f i t soft he i re x pe r i e nc ei nde a l i ngwi t ht hr e a t st os ur vi va l s uc ha snuc l e a rwa ra ndgl oba l pol l ut i on, a ndot he rt hr e a t st ha tweha ve n’ tye tdi s c ove r e d.

B I ndi s c us s i ngwhe t he rwea r ea l one , mos tSETIs c i e nt i s t sa doptt wogr oundr ul e s . Fi r s t , UFOs( Uni de nt i f i e dFl yi ngObj e c t s )a r ege ne r a l l yi gnor e ds i nc emos ts c i e nt i s t sdon’ t c ons i de rt hee vi de nc ef ort he mt obes t r onge nought obe a rs e r i ousc ons i de r a t i on ( a l t houghi ti sa l s oi mpor t a ntt ok e e pa nope nmi ndi nc a s ea nyr e a l l yc onvi nc i nge vi de nc e e me r ge si nt hef ut ur e ) . Se c ond, wema k eave r yc ons e r va t i vea s s umpt i ont ha twea r e l ook i ngf oral i f ef or mt ha ti spr e t t ywe l l l i k eus , s i nc ei fi tdi f f e r sr a di c a l l yf r omuswema y we l l notr e c ogni s ei ta sal i f ef or m, qui t ea pa r tf r omwhe t he rwea r ea bl et oc ommuni c a t e

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wi t hi t . I not he rwor ds , t hel i f ef or mwea r el ook i ngf orma ywe l l ha vet wogr e e nhe a ds a nds e ve nf i nge r s , buti twi l l ne ve r t he l e s sr e s e mbl eusi nt ha ti ts houl dc ommuni c a t ewi t h i t sf e l l ows , bei nt e r e s t e di nt heUni ve r s e , l i veonapl a ne tor bi t i ngas t a rl i k eourSun, a nd pe r ha psmos tr e s t r i c t i ve l y, ha veac he mi s t r y, l i k eus , ba s e donc a r bona ndwa t e r .

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Eve nwhe nwema k et he s ea s s umpt i ons , ourunde r s t a ndi ngofot he rl i f ef or msi ss t i l l s e ve r e l yl i mi t e d. Wedonote ve nk now, f ore x a mpl e , howma nys t a r sha vepl a ne t s , a ndwe c e r t a i nl ydonotk nowhowl i k e l yi ti st ha tl i f ewi l l a r i s ena t ur a l l y, gi ve nt her i ghtc ondi t i ons . Howe ve r , whe nwel ooka tt he1 0 0bi l l i ons t a r si nourga l a x y( t heMi l k yWa y) , a nd1 0 0 bi l l i onga l a x i e si nt heobs e r va bl eUni ve r s e , i ts e e msi nc onc e i va bl et ha ta tl e a s toneof t he s epl a ne t sdoe snotha veal i f ef or moni t ;i nf a c t , t hebe s te duc a t e dgue s swec a n ma k e , us i ngt hel i t t l et ha twedok nowa boutt hec ondi t i onsf orc a r bonba s e dl i f e , l e a dsus t oe s t i ma t et ha tpe r ha psonei n1 0 0 , 0 0 0s t a r smi ghtha veal i f e be a r i ngpl a ne tor bi t i ng i t . Tha tme a nst ha tourne a r e s tne i ghbour sa r epe r ha ps1 0 0l i ghtye a r sa wa y, whi c hi s a l mos tne x tdoori na s t r onomi c a l t e r ms .

D Ana l i e nc i vi l i s a t i onc oul dc hoos ema nydi f f e r e ntwa ysofs e ndi ngi nf or ma t i ona c r os st he ga l a x y, butma nyoft he s ee i t he rr e qui r et oomuc he ne r gy, ore l s ea r es e ve r e l ya t t e nua t e d whi l et r a ve r s i ngt heva s tdi s t a nc e sa c r os st hega l a x y. I tt ur nsoutt ha t , f oragi ve na mount oft r a ns mi t t e dpowe r , r a di owa ve si nt hef r e que nc yr a nge1 0 0 0t o3 0 0 0MHzt r a ve l t he gr e a t e s tdi s t a nc e , a nds oa l l s e a r c he st oda t eha vec onc e nt r a t e donl ook i ngf orr a di owa ve s i nt hi sf r e que nc yr a nge . Sof a rt he r eha vebe e nanumbe rofs e a r c he sbyva r i ousgr oups a r oundt hewor l d, i nc l udi ngAus t r a l i a ns e a r c he sus i ngt her a di ot e l e s c opea tPa r k e s , Ne w Sout hWa l e s . Unt i l nowt he r eha venotbe e na nyde t e c t i onsf r omt hef e whundr e ds t a r s whi c hha vebe e ns e a r c he d. Thes c a l eoft hes e a r c he sha sbe e ni nc r e a s e ddr a ma t i c a l l ys i nc e 1 9 9 2 , whe nt heUSCongr e s svot e dNASA$ 1 0mi l l i onpe rye a rf ort e nye a r st oc onduc ta t hor oughs e a r c hf ore x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l l i f e . Muc hoft hemone yi nt hi spr oj e c ti sbe i ngs pe nt onde ve l opi ngt hes pe c i a l ha r dwa r ene e de dt os e a r c hma nyf r e que nc i e sa tonc e . Thepr oj e c t ha st wopa r t s . Onepa r ti sat a r ge t e ds e a r c hus i ngt hewor l d’ sl a r ge s tr a di ot e l e s c ope s , t he Ame r i c a nope r a t e dt e l e s c opei nAr e c i bo, Pue r t oRi c oa ndt heFr e nc ht e l e s c opei nNa nc y i nFr a nc e . Thi spa r toft hepr oj e c ti ss e a r c hi ngt hene a r e s t1 0 0 0l i k e l ys t a r swi t hhi gh s e ns i t i vi t yf ors i gna l si nt hef r e que nc yr a nge1 0 0 0t o3 0 0 0MHz . Theot he rpa r toft he pr oj e c ti sa nundi r e c t e ds e a r c hwhi c hi smoni t or i nga l l ofs pa c ewi t hal owe rs e ns i t i vi t y, us i ng t hes ma l l e ra nt e nna sofNASA’ sDe e pSpa c eNe t wor k .

E The r ei sc ons i de r a bl ede ba t eove rhowwes houl dr e a c ti fwede t e c tas i gna l f r oma na l i e n c i vi l i s a t i on. Eve r ybodya gr e e st ha twes houl dnotr e pl yi mme di a t e l y. Qui t ea pa r tf r omt he i mpr a c t i c a l i t yofs e ndi ngar e pl yove rs uc hl a r gedi s t a nc e sa ts hor tnot i c e , i tr a i s e sahos t ofe t hi c a l que s t i onst ha twoul dha vet obea ddr e s s e dbyt hegl oba l c ommuni t ybe f or ea ny r e pl yc oul dbes e nt . Woul dt hehuma nr a c ef a c et hec ul t ur es hoc ki ff a c e dwi t has upe r i or a ndmuc hol de rc i vi l i s a t i on?Luc k i l y, t he r ei snour ge nc ya boutt hi s . Thes t a r sbe i ng s e a r c he da r ehundr e dsofl i ghtye a r sa wa y, s oi tt a k e shundr e dsofye a r sf ort he i rs i gna l t o r e a c hus , a ndaf ur t he rf e whundr e dye a r sf orourr e pl yt or e a c ht he m. I t ’ snoti mpor t a nt , t he n, i ft he r e ’ sade l a yofaf e wye a r s , orde c a de s , whi l et hehuma nr a c ede ba t e st he que s t i onofwhe t he rt or e pl y, a ndpe r ha psc a r e f ul l ydr a f t sar e pl y.

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Questions 18–20 Answer the questions below.

file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 18–20 on your answer sheet. 18 Wha ti st hel i f ee x pe ct a n cyo fEa r t h ? 19 Wha tk i ndo fs i g na l sf r o m ot h e ri n t e l l i g e n tc i v i l i s a t i o n sa r eSETIs c i e n t i s t ss e a r c h i n g f o r ? 20 How ma nys t a r sa r et h ewor l d ’ smo s tp o we r f u l r a d i ot e l e s c o p e ss e a r c h i n g ?

Questions 21–26 Dot h ef ol l o wi ngs t a t e me n t sa g r e ewi t ht h ev i e wso ft h ewr i t e ri nRe a d i n gPa s s a g e2 ? In boxes 21–26 on your answer sheet, write YES NO NOT GIVEN

i ft hes t a t e me n ta g r e e swi t ht h ev i e wso ft h ewr i t e r i ft hes t a t e me n tc o n t r a d i c t st h ev i e wso ft h ewr i t e r i fi ti si mp o s s i b l et os a ywh a tt h ewr i t e rt h i n k sa b o u tt h i s

21 Al i e nci v i l i s a t i onsma ybea bl et oh e l pt h eh u ma nr a c et oo v e r c o mes e r i o u s p r ob l e ms . 22 SETIs ci e n t i s t sa r et r y i n gt of i ndal i f ef o r mt h a tr e s e mb l e sh u ma n si nma n ywa y s . 23 TheAme r i c a nsa ndAus t r a l i a n sh a v ec o o p e r a t e do nj o i n tr e s e a r c hp r o j e c t s . 24 Sof a rSETIs ci e n t i s t sha vep i c ke du pr a d i os i g n a l sf r o ms e v e r a l s t a r s . 25 TheNASAp r oj e cta t t r a c t e dcr i t i c i s mf r o ms o meme mb e r so fCo n g r e s s . 26 I fas i g na lf r o m ou t e rs pa cei sr e c e i v e d ,i twi l l b ei mp o r t a n tt or e s p o n dp r o mp t l y .

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READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40, which are based on Reading file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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Passage 3 below.

Thehi s t or yoft het or t oi s e I fyo ugoba c kf a re n ou gh,e v e r yt h i ngl i v e d i nt hes e a .Atva r i o uspo i nt si ne vo l u t i on a r y

t h e i rr e mo t ea n c e s t o r s .Th e yd o n ’ te v e n c o mea s h o r et ob r e e d .Th e yd o ,h o we v e r ,

hi s t or y,e n t e r pr i s i n gi n di vi d ua l swi t h i n ma n ydi f f e r e n ta n i ma l gr oup smov e dou t

s t i l l b r e a t h ea i r ,h a v i n gn e v e rd e v e l o p e d a n y t h i n ge q u i v a l e n tt ot h eg i l l so ft h e i r

on t ot h el a nd,s o me t i me se v e nt ot h e mo s tpa r c he dd e s e r t s ,t a ki n gt he i ro wn

e a r l i e rma r i n ei n c a r n a t i o n .Tu r t l e swe n t b a c kt ot h es e aav e r yl o n gt i mea g oa n d ,

pr i v a t es e a wa t e rwi t ht he mi nbl oo da nd

l i k ea l l v e r t e b r a t er e t u r n e e st ot h ewa t e r ,

ce l l u l a rf l ui ds .I na dd i t i ont ot her e p t i l e s , bi r d s ,ma mma l sa ndi ns e ct swhi c hwe

t h e yb r e a t h ea i r .Ho we v e r ,t h e ya r e ,i no n e r e s p e c t ,l e s sf u l l yg i v e nb a c kt ot h ewa t e r

s e ea l la r o undu s ,ot he rgr o up st h a tha v e s uc ce e de dou to fwa t e ri nc l u des co r pi o n s ,

t h a nwh a l e so rd u g o n g s ,f o rt u r t l e ss t i l l l a y t h e i re g g so nb e a c h e s .

s na i l s ,cr us t a ce a n ss u cha swood l i cea n d

Th e r ei se v i d e n c et h a ta l l mo d e r n

l a n dcr a b s ,mi l l i p e de sa ndc e nt i pe de s , s pi de r sa n dv a r i o uswo r ms .Andwe

t u r t l e sa r ed e s c e n d e df r o m at e r r e s t r i a l a n c e s t o rwh i c hl i v e db e f o r emo s to ft h e

mu s t n’ tf o r g e tt hepl a nt s ,wi t hou twho s e pr i o ri n v a s i ono ft h el a ndn on eoft h eo t h e r

d i n o s a u r s .Th e r ea r et wok e yf o s s i l s c a l l e dProganochelys quenstedti a n d

mi gr a t i on sco ul dha veh a ppe n e d.

Palaeochersis talampayensis d a t i n g

Mo vi n gf r om wa t e rt ol a ndi nv ol v e d ama j orr e de s i gno fe ve r ya s pe cto fl i f e ,

f r o me a r l yd i n o s a u rt i me s ,wh i c ha p p e a r t ob ec l o s et ot h ea n c e s t r yo fa l l mo d e r n

i n cl udi n gbr e a t h i n ga ndr e pr od uct i on . Ne ve r t h e l e s s ,ago odn umb e ro f

t u r t l e sa n dt o r t o i s e s .Yo umi g h two n d e r h o w wec a nt e l l wh e t h e rf o s s i l a n i ma l s

t ho r o ug hgoi n gl a n da ni ma l sl a t e rt ur ne d a r o un d,a b a nd on e dt he i rha r de a r ne d

l i v e do nl a n do ri nwa t e r ,e s p e c i a l l yi f o n l yf r a g me n t sa r ef o u n d .So me t i me s

t e r r e s t r i a l r e t ool i n g,a ndr e t ur ne dt o

i t ’ so b v i o u s .I c h t h y o s a u r swe r er e p t i l i a n

t hewa t e ra ga i n.Se a l sha veo nl ygo ne pa r twa yb a ck.The ys h ow u swha tt h e

c o n t e mp o r a r i e so ft h ed i n o s a u r s ,wi t hf i n s a n ds t r e a ml i n e db o d i e s .Th ef o s s i l sl o o k

i n t e r me d i a t e smi gh th a vebe e nl i k e ,on t hewa yt oe x t r e meca s e ss uc ha swha l e s

l i k ed o l p h i n sa n dt h e ys u r e l yl i v e dl i k e d o l p h i n s ,i nt h ewa t e r .Wi t ht u r t l e si ti sa

a nddug o ngs .Wh a l e s( i ncl ud i n gt hes ma l l

l i t t l el e s so b v i o u s .On ewa yt ot e l l i sb y

wh a l e swec a l ld ol phi ns )a n dd ugo ngs , wi t ht h e i rcl o s ec ous i nst hema na t e e s ,

me a s u r i n gt h eb o n e so ft h e i rf o r e l i mb s . Wa l t e rJ o y c ea n dJ a c q u e sGa u t h i e r ,

ce a s e dt obel a n dc r e a t ur e sa l t oge t h e r a ndr e ve r t e dt ot h ef ul lma r i n eha bi t so f

a tYa l eUn i v e r s i t y ,o b t a i n e dt h r e e me a s u r e me n t si nt h e s ep a r t i c u l a rb o n e s

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o f7 1s p e ci e sofl i v i n gt ur t l e sa ndt o r t o i s e s .

n o t .I fy o ud r a wo u tt h ef a mi l yt r e eo f

The yu s e daki ndo ft r i a ng ul a rgr a php a p e r

a l l mo d e r nt u r t l e sa n dt o r t o i s e s ,n e a r l y

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t opl o tt het hr e eme a s ur e me nt sa ga i n s t

a l l t h eb r a n c h e sa r ea q u a t i c .To d a y ’ s

o nea no t he r .Al l t hel a n dt or t oi s es pe c i e s

l a n dt o r t o i s e sc o n s t i t u t eas i n g l eb r a n c h ,

f or me dat i ghtc l us t e rofp oi nt si nt h eu p p e r p a r toft het r i a ng l e ;a l l t h ewa t e rt ur t l e s

d e e p l yn e s t e da mo n gb r a n c h e sc o n s i s t i n g o fa q u a t i ct u r t l e s .Th i ss u g g e s t st h a t

c l u s t e ri nt h el o we rp a r toft het r i a ng u l a r g r a ph .The r ewa snoove r l a p ,e x ce p twh e n

mo d e r nl a n dt o r t o i s e sh a v en o ts t a y e d o nl a n dc o n t i n u o u s l ys i n c et h et i meo fP.

t h e ya dd e ds omes p e ci e st h a ts p e ndt i me

quenstedti a n dP. talampayensis.Ra t h e r ,

b ot hi nwa t e ra ndo nl a nd.Sur ee nou g h , t h e s ea mph i bi ou ss p e ci e ss h ow u pont h e

t h e i ra n c e s t o r swe r ea mo n gt h o s ewh o we n tb a c kt ot h ewa t e r ,a n dt h e yt h e nr e -

t r i a ng u l a rg r a pha p pr oxi ma t e l yha l fwa y b e t we e nt h e‘ we tcl us t e r ’ofl a ndt o r t o i s e s

e me r g e db a c ko n t ot h el a n di n( r e l a t i v e l y ) mo r er e c e n tt i me s .

a n dt h e‘ dr ycl us t e r ’ofs e at ur t l e s .Th en e x t

To r t o i s e st h e r e f o r er e p r e s e n ta

s t e pwa st ode t e r mi n ewhe r et h ef os s i l s f e l l .Theb one so fP. quenstedti a ndP.

r e ma r k a b l ed o u b l er e t u r n .I nc o mmo n wi t ha l l ma mma l s ,r e p t i l e sa n db i r d s ,t h e i r

talampayensis l e a veu si nn odo ub t .Th e i r p oi nt sont h egr a pha r er i g hti nt het h i c k

r e mo t ea n c e s t o r swe r ema r i n ef i s ha n d b e f o r et h a tv a r i o u smo r eo rl e s swo r ml i k e

o ft h ed r yc l u s t e r .Bot ht h e s ef os s i l swe r e d r y l a n dt o r t oi s e s .The yc omef r o mt h ee r a

c r e a t u r e ss t r e t c h i n gb a c k ,s t i l l i nt h es e a ,t o t h ep r i me v a l b a c t e r i a .La t e ra n c e s t o r sl i v e d

b e f or eo urt ur t l e sr e t u r ne dt ot hewa t e r .

o nl a n da n ds t a y e dt h e r ef o rav e r yl a r g e

Yo umi g htt hi nk ,t he r e f or e ,t ha tmo d e r n l a ndt or t oi s e sha vep r o ba bl ys t a ye do n

n u mb e ro fg e n e r a t i o n s .La t e ra n c e s t o r ss t i l l e v o l v e db a c ki n t ot h ewa t e ra n db e c a me

l a nde v e rs i ncet ho s ee a r l yt e r r e s t r i a l t i me s ,a smos tma mma l sd i da f t e raf e wo f

s e at u r t l e s .An df i n a l l yt h e yr e t u r n e dy e t a g a i nt ot h el a n da st o r t o i s e s ,s o meo f

t h e m we ntba ckt ot hes e a .Bu ta ppa r e n t l y

wh i c hn o wl i v ei nt h ed r i e s to fd e s e r t s .

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Questions 27–30 Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 27–30 on your answer sheet. 27 Wha tha dt ot r a ns f e rf r o ms e at ol a n db e f o r ea n ya n i ma l sc o u l dmi g r a t e ? 28 Whi c hTWO pr oce s s e sa r eme n t i on e da st h o s ei nwh i c ha n i ma l sh a dt oma k eb i g cha nge sa st he ymove dont ol a n d ? 29 Whi c hphy s i c a lf e a t u r e ,po s s e s s e db yt h e i ra n c e s t o r s ,d owh a l e sl a c k ? 30 Whi c ha n i ma l smi gh ti ch t hy os a ur sh a v er e s e mb l e d ?

Questions 31–33 Dot h ef ol l owi n gs t a t e me nt sa g r e ewi t ht h ei n f o r ma t i o ng i v e ni nRe a d i n gPa s s a g e3 ? In boxes 31–33 on your answer sheet, write TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN

i ft h es t a t e me n ta g r e e swi t ht h ei n f o r ma t i o n i ft h es t a t e me n tc o n t r a d i c t st h ei n f o r ma t i o n i ft h e r ei sn oi n f o r ma t i o no nt h i s

31 Tur t l e swe r ea mon gt hef i r s tg r o upo fa n i ma l st omi g r a t eb a c kt ot h es e a . 32 I ti sa l wa y sd i f f i cul tt ode t e r mi n ewhe r ea na n i ma l l i v e dwh e ni t sf o s s i l i s e dr e ma i n s a r ei ncompl e t e . 33 Theha bi t a to fi cht h yo s a u r sca nbed e t e r mi n e db yt h ea p p e a r a n c eo ft h e i rf o s s i l i s e d r e ma i ns .

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Questions 34–39 Complete the flow-chart below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 34–39 on your answer sheet.

Method of determining where the ancestors of turtles and tortoises come from Step 1 7 1s p e ci e sofl i vi n gt ur t l e sa ndt or t o i s e swe r ee x a mi n e da n dat o t a l o f34 we r et a ke nf r o mt hebo ne soft he i rf o r e l i mb s .

Step 2 Theda t awa sr e c or de do na35

( n e c e s s a r yf o rc o mp a r i n gt h ei n f o r ma t i o n ) . o fp o i n t st o wa r d s

Out c o me : La ndt o r t o i s e swe r er e pr e s e n t e db yad e n s e36 t h et o p . Se at u r t l e swe r eg r o upe dt oge t h e ri nt h eb o t t o mp a r t .

Step 3 s p e c i e sa n da d d e dt ot h e

Thes a meda t awa sc ol l e ct e df r o ms o mel i v i n g37 o t he rr e s ul t s . Out c o me : Th epoi nt sf o rt h e s es pe c i e st u r n e do u tt ob ep o s i t i o n e da b o u t38 u pt het r i a ng l ebe t we e nt hel a n dt or t o i s e sa n dt h es e at u r t l e s .

Step 4 Bo ne sofP. quenstedti a n dP. talampayensis we r ee x a mi n e di nas i mi l a rwa ya n dt h e r e s u l t sa d de d. Out c o me : Th epos i t i o noft hepo i nt si n d i c a t e dt h a tb o t ht h e s ea n c i e n tc r e a t u r e swe r e . 39

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Question 40 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet. Ac co r di n gt ot hewr i t e r ,t h emos ts i gn i f i c a n tt h i n ga b o u tt o r t o i s e si st h a t At h e ya r ea bl et oa da p tt ol i f ei ne x t r e me l yd r ye n v i r o n me n t s . Bt h e i ror i g i n a l l i f ef o r m wa sak i n do fp r i me v a l b a c t e r i a . Ct h e yha v es omu chi nco mmo nwi t hs e at u r t l e s . Dt h e yha v ema det het r a n s i t i onf r o ms e at ol a n dmo r et h a no n c e .

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Test 1

WRITING

WRITING TASK 1 Yous h o ul ds p e nda b out2 0mi nu t e so nt h i st a s k .

The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of some tourist facilities. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

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WRITING TASK 2 Yo us h oul ds pe n da bo ut40mi nut e sont h i st a s k . Wr i t ea b outt hef ol l owi n gt op i c :

Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? Gi v er e a s o nsf oryou ra n s we ra ndi n cl u d ea n yr e l e v a n te x a mp l e sf r o my o u ro wn kn owl e d geo re x pe r i e nc e . Wr i t ea tl e a s t25 0wo r d s .

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Page 32 Test 1

SPEAKING PART 1 Thee x a mi n e ra s kst heca n di da t ea bo u th i m/ h e r s e l f ,h i s / h e rh o me ,wo r ko rs t u d i e sa n d o t he rf a mi l i a rt op i cs . EXAMPLE Games

•Whatgamesar ep op ul a ri ny ou rco u n t r y ?[ Wh y ? ] •Doyoupl a ya nyg a me s ?[ Wh y/ Wh yn o t ? ] •How dopeopl el e a r nt opl a yga me si ny o u rc o u n t r y ? •Doyout h i n ki t ’ si mpor t a ntf o rpe o p l et op l a yg a me s ?[ Wh y / Wh yn o t ? ]

PART 2 Describe an open-air or street market which you enjoyed visiting. You should say: where the market is what the market sells how big the market is and explain why you enjoyed visiting this market.

Yo uwi l l h a v et ot a l ka b o u tt h et o p i c f o ro n et ot womi n u t e s .Yo uh a v eo n e mi n u t et ot h i n ka b o u twh a ty o ua r e g o i n gt os a y .Yo uc a nma k es o me n o t e st oh e l py o ui fy o uwi s h .

PART 3 Discussion topics: Shopping at markets Example questions: Dop e op l ei nyo urc ou nt r ye nj o yg oi n gt oo p e n a i rma r k e t st h a ts e l l t h i n g sl i k ef o o do r c l o t h e soro l dob j e ct s ?Wh i c ht yp eo fma r k e ti smo r ep o p u l a r ?Wh y ? Doy o ut hi n kma r ke t sa r emor es u i t a bl ep l a c e sf o rs e l l i n gc e r t a i nt y p e so ft h i n g s ?Wh i c h o ne s ?Whydoyout hi nkt h i si s ? Doy o ut hi n ky oun gp e opl ef e e lt h es a mea b o u ts h o p p i n ga tma r k e t sa so l d e rp e o p l e ? Whyi st ha t ? Shopping in general Example questions: Wha tdoy o ut hi nka r et h ea dva n t a ge so fb u y i n gt h i n g sf r o ms h o p sr a t h e rt h a nma r k e t s ? How doe sa dv e r t i s i ngi nf l u e ncewha tp e o p l ec h o o s et ob u y ?I st h i st r u ef o re v e r y o n e ? Doy o ut hi n kt h a ta n yr e c e ntch a nge si nt h ewa yp e o p l el i v eh a v ea f f e c t e dg e n e r a l s h op pi n gh a b i t s ?Wh yi st h i s ? 3 2

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Te s t2 LISTENING

SECTION 1 Questions 1–10 Complete the form below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Accommodation Form – Student Information Example

h a l l

Typ eofa c co mmo da t i on: Na me :

An u1

Da t eofb i r t h :

2

Cou n t r yo for i g i n:

I n d i a

Cou r s eofs t ud y:

3

Numb e ro fye a r sp l a n ne di nha l l :

4

Pr e f e r r e dca t e r i nga r r a ng e me nt :

h a l fb o a r d

Spe ci a ldi e t a r yr e qu i r e me nt s :

n o5

Pr e f e r r e dr oo mt yp e :

as i n g l e6

I n t e r e s t s :

t h e7

o fr e s i d e n c e

( r e d )

b a d mi n t o n

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Pr i o r i t i e si ncho i c eofh a l l :

t ob ewi t ho t h e rs t u d e n t swh oa r e 8 t ol i v eo u t s i d et h e9 t oh a v ea10

Con t a ctph on en umbe r :

a r e af o rs o c i a l i s i n g

6 6 7 5 4 9

3 4 file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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Page 35 Listening

SECTION 2 Questions 11–20 Questions 11–13 Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Parks and open spaces Name of place

Of particular interest

Open

Ha l l a ndCommon

s o u r c eo fRi v e rOu s e

2 4h o u r s

Hol tI s l a n d

ma n yd i f f e r e n t 11

b e t we e n12 a n d

r e c o n s t r u c t i o no fa

d a y l i g h th o u r s

Lo ngf i e l dCo un t r yPa r k

2 , 0 0 0 y e a r o l d 13

wi t h

a c t i v i t i e sf o rc h i l d r e n

Questions 14–16 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. Longfield Park 14 Asp a r tofMo nda y ’ sa ct i vi t y,vi s i t or swi l l Ap r e p a r ef o odwi t hh e r bs . B me e tawe l l k no wnh e r ba l i s t . Cd yecl ot hwi t hhe r b s . 15 Fort h ea c t i v i t yonWe d ne s da y , Ao nl ygr ou pbo ok i ng sa r ea cce p t e d . Bv i s i t o r ss hou l dboo ki na dv a nc e . Ca t t e n da nc ei sf r e e . 16 Fort h ea c t i v i t yonSa t ur da y ,v i s i t or ss h o u l d Ac omei ns ui t a bl ec l o t hi ng. B ma kes u r et he ya r ea bl et os t a yf o rt h ewh o l ed a y . Ct e l lt her a nge r sbe f o r et hee ve n twh a tt h e ywi s ht od o . file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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Questions 17–20 Label the map below. Write the correct letter, A–I, next to questions 17–20.

Hinchingbrooke Park Lake

17 bi r dhi de 18 do g wa l ki n ga r e a 19 f l owe rg a r de n 20 wo o de da r e a

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SECTION 3 Questions 21–30 Questions 21–24 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Self-Access Centre 21 St ud e n t swa ntt ok e e pt heSe l f Acce s sCe n t r eb e c a u s e At h e ye nj oyt h eva r i e t yofe qui p me n t . Bt h e yl i k ebe i n ga bl et owo r ko nt h e i ro wn . Ci ti sa ni mpo r t a n tp a r toft he i rs t u d i e s . 22 Somet e a c he r swo ul dpr e f e rt o Ac l os et h eSe l f Acc e s sCe nt r e . B movet heSe l f Acce s sCe n t r ee l s e wh e r e . Cr e s t r i cta cce s st ot h eSe l f Acc e s sCe n t r e . 23 Thes t u de nt s ’ma i ncon ce r na bo utu s i n gt h el i b r a r ywo u l db e At h es i z eoft h el i br a r y. Bd i f f i c ul t yi ng e t t i nghe l p. Ct h el a ckofma t e r i a l s . 24 TheDi r e c t oro fSt ud i e si sc onc e r ne da b o u t At h ecos to fup gr a d i n gt hec e n t r e . Bt h el a cko fs pa c ei nt h ec e nt r e . Ct h edi f f i cu l t yi ns up e r vi s i n gt hec e n t r e .

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Questions 25–30 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Necessary improvements to the existing Self-Access Centre Equipment Re p l a c eco mpu t e r st oc r e a t emo r es p a c e . Resources ma t e r i a l s ,i np a r t i c u l a r ,s h o u l db emo r ec l e a r l y

Thel e v e lo ft he25 s hown .

c o l l e c t i o n .

Upd a t et h e26 Bu ys ome27

a n dd i v i d et h e mu p .

Use of the room f o rs u p e r v i s i n gt h ec e n t r e .

Sp e a kt ot h et e a c he r sa n dor ga ni s ea28 I ns t a l l a n29 Re s t r i ctpe r s ona l us eof30

. o nc o mp u t e r s .

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SECTION 4 Questions 31–40 Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Business Cultures Power culture

Cha r a ct e r i s t i c sofo r ga n i s a t i o n

•s ma l l p o we rs o u r c e

•31 •f e wr u l e sa n dp r o c e d u r e s •c o mmu n i c a t i o nb y32

Adv a nt a g e :

•c a na c tq u i c k l y

Di s a dv a nt a ge :

•mi g h tn o ta c t33

Sui t a b l ee mp l o ye e :

•n o ta f r a i do f34 •d o e s n ’ tn e e dj o bs e c u r i t y

Role culture

Cha r a ct e r i s t i c sofo r ga n i s a t i o n:

•l a r g e ,ma n y35 •s p e c i a l i s e dd e p a r t me n t s •r u l e sa n dp r o c e d u r e ,e . g .j o b 36

a n dr u l e sf o r

d i s c i p l i n e

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Adva n t a g e s :

•e c o n o mi e so fs c a l e •s u c c e s s f u l wh e n37 a b i l i t yi si mp o r t a n t

Di s a dva nt a g e s :

•s l o wt os e ewh e n38

i s

n e e d e d •s l o wt or e a c t

Sui t a bl ee mpl oye e :

•v a l u e ss e c u r i t y •d o e s n ’ twa n t39

Task culture

Cha r a c t e r i s t i csofor g a ni s a t i on :

•p r o j e c to r i e n t a t e d •i nc o mp e t i t i v ema r k e to rma k i n gp r o d u c t wi t hs h o r tl i f e •al o to fd e l e g a t i o n

Adva n t a g e :

•40

Di s a dva nt a g e s :

•n oe c o n o mi e so fs c a l eo rs p e c i a l e x p e r t i s e

Sui t a bl ee mpl oye e :

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•l i k e st owo r ki ng r o u p s

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READING

READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1–13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. A Hear i ngi mpa i r me ntorot he ra udi t or yf unc t i onde f i c i ti nyoungc hi l dr e nc a nha veama j ori mpa c t ont he i rde ve l opme ntofs pe e c ha ndc ommuni c a t i on, r e s ul t i ngi nade t r i me nt a l e f f e c tont he i r a bi l i t yt ol e a r na ts c hool . Thi si sl i k e l yt oha vema j orc ons e que nc e sf ort hei ndi vi dua l a ndt he popul a t i ona sawhol e . TheNe wZe a l a ndMi ni s t r yofHe a l t hha sf oundf r omr e s e a r c hc a r r i e dout ove rt wode c a de st ha t6 –1 0 % ofc hi l dr e ni nt ha tc ount r ya r ea f f e c t e dbyhe a r i ngl os s .

B Apr e l i mi na r ys t udyi nNe wZe a l a ndha ss hownt ha tc l a s s r oomnoi s epr e s e nt sama j or c onc e r nf ort e a c he r sa ndpupi l s . Mode r nt e a c hi ngpr a c t i c e s , t heor ga ni s a t i onofde s k s i nt hec l a s s r oom, poorc l a s s r ooma c ous t i c s , a ndme c ha ni c a l me a nsofve nt i l a t i ons uc ha s a i r c ondi t i oni nguni t sa l l c ont r i but et ot henumbe rofc hi l dr e nuna bl et oc ompr e he ndt he t e a c he r ’ svoi c e . Educ a t i onr e s e a r c he r sNe l s ona ndSol i ha vea l s os ugge s t e dt ha tr e c e nt t r e ndsi nl e a r ni ngof t e ni nvol vec ol l a bor a t i vei nt e r a c t i onofmul t i pl emi ndsa ndt ool sa smuc h a si ndi vi dua l pos s e s s i onofi nf or ma t i on. Thi sa l l a mount st ohe i ght e ne da c t i vi t ya ndnoi s e l e ve l s , whi c hha vet hepot e nt i a l t obepa r t i c ul a r l ys e r i ousf orc hi l dr e ne x pe r i e nc i nga udi t or y f unc t i onde f i c i t . Noi s ei nc l a s s r oomsc a nonl ye x a c e r ba t et he i rdi f f i c ul t yi nc ompr e he ndi ng a ndpr oc e s s i ngve r ba l c ommuni c a t i onwi t hot he rc hi l dr e na ndi ns t r uc t i onsf r omt het e a c he r .

C Chi l dr e nwi t ha udi t or yf unc t i onde f i c i ta r epot e nt i a l l yf a i l i ngt ol e a r nt ot he i rma x i mum pot e nt i a l be c a us eofnoi s el e ve l sge ne r a t e di nc l a s s r ooms . Thee f f e c t sofnoi s eont hea bi l i t y ofc hi l dr e nt ol e a r ne f f e c t i ve l yi nt ypi c a l c l a s s r oome nvi r onme nt sa r enowt hes ubj e c tof i nc r e a s i ngc onc e r n. TheI nt e r na t i ona l I ns t i t ut eofNoi s eCont r ol Engi ne e r i ng ( I –I NCE) , ont hea dvi c eoft heWor l dHe a l t hOr ga ni z a t i on, ha se s t a bl i s he da ni nt e r na t i ona l wor k i ngpa r t y, whi c hi nc l ude sNe wZe a l a nd, t oe va l ua t enoi s ea ndr e ve r be r a t i onc ont r ol f or s c hool r ooms .

D Whi l et hede t r i me nt a l e f f e c t sofnoi s ei nc l a s s r ooms i t ua t i onsa r enotl i mi t e dt oc hi l dr e n e x pe r i e nc i ngdi s a bi l i t y, t hos ewi t hadi s a bi l i t yt ha ta f f e c t st he i rpr oc e s s i ngofs pe e c ha nd ve r ba l c ommuni c a t i onc oul dbee x t r e me l yvul ne r a bl e . Thea udi t or yf unc t i onde f i c i t si n que s t i oni nc l udehe a r i ngi mpa i r me nt , a ut i s t i cs pe c t r umdi s or de r s( ASD)a nda t t e nt i onde f i c i t di s or de r s( ADD/ ADHD) . file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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E Aut i s mi sc ons i de r e dane ur ol ogi c a l a ndge ne t i cl i f e l ongdi s or de rt ha tc a us e sdi s c r e pa nc i e s i nt hewa yi nf or ma t i oni spr oc e s s e d. Thi sdi s or de ri sc ha r a c t e r i s e dbyi nt e r l i nk i ngpr obl e ms wi t hs oc i a l i ma gi na t i on, s oc i a l c ommuni c a t i ona nds oc i a l i nt e r a c t i on. Ac c or di ngt oJ a nz e n, t hi sa f f e c t st hea bi l i t yt ounde r s t a nda ndr e l a t ei nt ypi c a l wa yst ope opl e , unde r s t a nde ve nt s a ndobj e c t si nt hee nvi r onme nt , a ndunde r s t a ndorr e s pondt os e ns or ys t i mul i . Aut i s mdoe s nota l l owl e a r ni ngort hi nk i ngi nt hes a mewa ysa si nc hi l dr e nwhoa r ede ve l opi ngnor ma l l y.

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Aut i s t i cs pe c t r umdi s or de r sof t e nr e s ul ti nma j ordi f f i c ul t i e si nc ompr e he ndi ngve r ba l i nf or ma t i ona nds pe e c hpr oc e s s i ng. Thos ee x pe r i e nc i ngt he s edi s or de r sof t e nf i nds ounds s uc ha sc r owdnoi s ea ndt henoi s ege ne r a t e dbyma c hi ne r ypa i nf ul a nddi s t r e s s i ng. Thi si s di f f i c ul tt os c i e nt i f i c a l l yqua nt i f ya ss uc he x t r a s e ns or ys t i mul i va r ygr e a t l yf r omonea ut i s t i c i ndi vi dua l t oa not he r . Butac hi l dwhof i ndsa nyt ypeofnoi s ei nt he i rc l a s s r oomorl e a r ni ng s pa c ei nt r us i vei sl i k e l yt obea dve r s e l ya f f e c t e di nt he i ra bi l i t yt opr oc e s si nf or ma t i on.

F Thea t t e nt i onde f i c i tdi s or de r sa r ei ndi c a t i veofne ur ol ogi c a l a ndge ne t i cdi s or de r sa nda r e c ha r a c t e r i s e dbydi f f i c ul t i e swi t hs us t a i ni nga t t e nt i on, e f f or ta ndpe r s i s t e nc e , or ga ni s a t i on s k i l l sa nddi s i nhi bi t i on. Chi l dr e ne x pe r i e nc i ngt he s edi s or de r sf i ndi tdi f f i c ul tt os c r e e nout uni mpor t a nti nf or ma t i on, a ndf oc usone ve r yt hi ngi nt hee nvi r onme ntr a t he rt ha na t t e ndi ng t oas i ngl ea c t i vi t y. Ba c k gr oundnoi s ei nt hec l a s s r oombe c ome sama j ordi s t r a c t i on, whi c h c a na f f e c tt he i ra bi l i t yt oc onc e nt r a t e .

G Chi l dr e ne x pe r i e nc i nga na udi t or yf unc t i onde f i c i tc a nof t e nf i nds pe e c ha ndc ommuni c a t i on ve r ydi f f i c ul tt oi s ol a t ea ndpr oc e s swhe ns e ta ga i ns thi ghl e ve l sofba c k gr oundnoi s e . The s el e ve l sc omef r omout s i dea c t i vi t i e st ha tpe ne t r a t et hec l a s s r ooms t r uc t ur e , f r om t e a c hi nga c t i vi t i e s , a ndot he rnoi s ege ne r a t e di ns i de , whi c hc a nbee x a c e r ba t e dbyr oom r e ve r be r a t i on. St r a t e gi e sa r ene e de dt oobt a i nt heopt i mumc l a s s r oomc ons t r uc t i ona nd pe r ha psac ha ngei nc l a s s r oomc ul t ur ea ndme t hodsoft e a c hi ng. I npa r t i c ul a r , t hee f f e c t s ofnoi s yc l a s s r oomsa nda c t i vi t i e sont hos ee x pe r i e nc i ngdi s a bi l i t i e si nt hef or mofa udi t or y f unc t i onde f i c i tne e dt hor oughi nve s t i ga t i on. I ti spr oba bl et ha tma nyundi a gnos e dc hi l dr e n e x i s ti nt hee duc a t i ons ys t e mwi t h‘ i nvi s i bl e ’di s a bi l i t i e s . The i rne e dsa r el e s sl i k e l yt obeme t t ha nt hos eofc hi l dr e nwi t hk nowndi s a bi l i t i e s .

H TheNewZe a l a ndGove r nme ntha sde ve l ope daNe wZe a l a ndDi s a bi l i t ySt r a t e gya ndha s e mba r k e donawi de r a ngi ngc ons ul t a t i onpr oc e s s . Thes t r a t e gyr e c ogni s e st ha tpe opl e e x pe r i e nc i ngdi s a bi l i t yf a c es i gni f i c a ntba r r i e r si na c hi e vi ngaf ul l qua l i t yofl i f ei na r e a ss uc h a sa t t i t ude , e duc a t i on, e mpl oyme nta nda c c e s st os e r vi c e s . Obj e c t i ve3oft heNe wZe a l a nd Di s a bi l i t ySt r a t e gyi st o‘ Pr ovi det heBe s tEduc a t i onf orDi s a bl e dPe opl e ’byi mpr ovi ng e duc a t i ons ot ha ta l l c hi l dr e n, yout hl e a r ne r sa nda dul tl e a r ne r swi l l ha vee qua l oppor t uni t i e s t ol e a r na ndde ve l opwi t hi nt he i ra l r e a dye x i s t i ngl oc a l s c hool . Foras uc c e s s f ul e duc a t i on, t hel e a r ni nge nvi r onme nti svi t a l l ys i gni f i c a nt , s oa nye f f or tt oi mpr ovet hi si sl i k e l yt obeof gr e a tbe ne f i tt oa l l c hi l dr e n, bute s pe c i a l l yt ot hos ewi t ha udi t or yf unc t i ondi s a bi l i t i e s .

I Anumbe rofc ount r i e sa r ea l r e a dyi nt hepr oc e s soff or mul a t i ngt he i rowns t a nda r dsf or t hec ont r ol a ndr e duc t i onofc l a s s r oomnoi s e . Ne wZe a l a ndwi l l pr oba bl yf ol l owt he i r e x a mpl e . Thel i t e r a t ur et oda t eonnoi s ei ns c hool r oomsa ppe a r st of oc usont hee f f e c t son file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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s c hool c hi l dr e ni nge ne r a l , t he i rt e a c he r sa ndt hehe a r i ngi mpa i r e d. Onl yl i mi t e da t t e nt i on a ppe a r st oha vebe e ngi ve nt ot hos es t ude nt se x pe r i e nc i ngt heot he rdi s a bi l i t i e si nvol vi ng a udi t or yf unc t i onde f i c i t . I ti si mpe r a t i vet ha tt hene e dsoft he s ec hi l dr e na r et a k e ni nt o a c c ounti nt hes e t t i ngofa ppr opr i a t ei nt e r na t i ona l s t a nda r dst obepr omul ga t e di nf ut ur e .

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Questions 1–6 Re a d i ngPa s s a g e1ha sn i nes e ct i on s ,A–I. Wh i c hs e c t i onc on t a i nst hef ol l owi n gi n f o r ma t i o n ? Write the correct letter, A–I, in boxes 1–6 on your answer sheet. 1

a na cco un tofan a t i on a lpo l i cyi n i t i a t i v e

2

ad e s c r i pt i ono fagl ob a lt e a me f f o r t

3

ah y pot he s i sa st ooner e a s o nbe h i n dt h eg r o wt hi nc l a s s r o o mn o i s e

4

ad e ma ndf o rs ui t a bl ewor l dwi der e g u l a t i o n s

5

al i s tofme d i ca l co ndi t i o nswhi chp l a c es o mec h i l d r e nmo r ea tr i s kf r o mn o i s et h a n ot he r s

6

t hee s t i ma t e dp r o por t i o nofch i l d r e ni nNe w Ze a l a n dwi t ha u d i t o r yp r o b l e ms

Questions 7–10 Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 7–10 on your answer sheet. 7

Forwha tpe r i odoft i meha sh e a r i n gl o s si ns c h o o l c h i l d r e nb e e ns t u d i e di nNe w Ze a l a n d ?

8

I na dd i t i ont oma c hi n e r yn oi s e ,wh a to t h e rt y p eo fn o i s ec a nu p s e tc h i l d r e nwi t h a u t i s m?

9

Wh a tt e r mi sus e dt ode s cr i b et h eh e a r i n gp r o b l e mso fs c h o o l c h i l d r e nwh i c hh a v e notbe e ndi a gno s e d?

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10 Wha tpa r toft heNe w Ze a l a ndDi s a b i l i t ySt r a t e g ya i mst og i v es c h o o l c h i l d r e ne q u a l opp or t u ni t y?

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Questions 11 and 12 Choose TWO letters, A–F. Write the correct letters in boxes 11 and 12 on your answer sheet. Thel i s tbe l ow i ncl ud e sf a ct o r sco nt r i b u t i n gt oc l a s s r o o mn o i s e . Whi chTWO a r eme nt i one dbyt h ewr i t e ro ft h ep a s s a g e ? A cu r r e n tt e a c hi ngme t h od s Be c hoi ngcor r i dor s C co ol i ngs y s t e ms Dl a r gecl a s ss i z e s El o udvo i ce dt e a c he r s p l a y gr o un dga me s F

Question 13 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in box 13 on your answer sheet. Wha ti st h ewr i t e r ’ so ve r a l lpu r p os ei nwr i t i n gt h i sa r t i c l e ? At oco mp a r edi f f e r e ntme t ho d so fd e a l i n gwi t ha u d i t o r yp r o b l e ms Bt opr o vi des ol ut i o nsf o ro ve r l yn o i s yl e a r n i n ge n v i r o n me n t s Ct oi n cr e a s ea wa r e ne s soft h es i t u a t i o no fc h i l d r e nwi t ha u d i t o r yp r o b l e ms Dt opr omot eNe w Ze a l a nda samo d e l f o ro t h e rc o u n t r i e st of o l l o w

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READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

Venus in transit June 2004 saw the first passage, known as a ‘transit’, of the planet Venus across the face of the Sun in 122 years. Transits have helped shape our view of the whole Universe, as Heather Cooper and Nigel Henbest explain A

On8J u n e2 0 0 4 , mo r et h a nh a l ft h ep o p u l a t i o no ft h ewo r l dwe r et r e a t e dt oar a r e a s t r o n o mi c a l e v e n t .Fo ro v e rs i xh o u r s , t h ep l a n e tVe n u ss t e a d i l yi n c h e di t swa yo v e rt h e s u r f a c eo ft h eSu n .Th i s‘ t r a n s i t ’o fVe n u swa st h ef i r s ts i n c e6De c e mb e r1 8 8 2 .Ont h a t o c c a s i o n , t h eAme r i c a na s t r o n o me rPr o f e s s o rSi mo nNe wc o mbl e dap a r t yt oSo u t h Af r i c at oo b s e r v et h ee v e n t .Th e ywe r eb a s e da tag i r l s ’s c h o o l , wh e r e–i ti sa l l e g e d–t h e c o mb i n e df o r c e so ft h r e es c h o o l mi s t r e s s e so u t p e r f o r me dt h ep r o f e s s i o n a l swi t ht h e a c c u r a c yo ft h e i ro b s e r v a t i o n s .

B

Fo rc e n t u r i e s , t r a n s i t so fVe n u sh a v ed r a wne x p l o r e r sa n da s t r o n o me r sa l i k et ot h e f o u rc o r n e r so ft h eg l o b e .An dy o uc a np u ti ta l l d o wnt ot h ee x t r a o r d i n a r yp o l y ma t h Ed mo n dHa l l e y .I nNo v e mb e r1 6 7 7 , Ha l l e yo b s e r v e dat r a n s i to ft h ei n n e r mo s tp l a n e t , Me r c u r y , f r o mt h ed e s o l a t ei s l a n do fStHe l e n ai nt h eSo u t hPa c i f i c .Her e a l i s e dt h a t , f r o md i f f e r e n tl a t i t u d e s , t h ep a s s a g eo ft h ep l a n e ta c r o s st h eSu n ’ sd i s cwo u l da p p e a rt o d i f f e r .Byt i mi n gt h et r a n s i tf r o mt wowi d e l y s e p a r a t e dl o c a t i o n s , t e a mso fa s t r o n o me r s c o u l dc a l c u l a t et h ep a r a l l a xa n g l e–t h ea p p a r e n td i f f e r e n c ei np o s i t i o no fa n a s t r o n o mi c a l b o d yd u et oad i f f e r e n c ei nt h eo b s e r v e r ’ sp o s i t i o n .Ca l c u l a t i n gt h i sa n g l e

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wo u l da l l o wa s t r o n o me r st ome a s u r ewh a twa st h e nt h eu l t i ma t eg o a l : t h ed i s t a n c eo f t h eEa r t hf r o mt h eSu n .Th i sd i s t a n c ei sk n o wna st h e‘ a s t r o n o mi c a l u n i t ’o rAU. Ha l l e ywa sa wa r et h a tt h eAUwa so n eo ft h emo s tf u n d a me n t a l o fa l l a s t r o n o mi c a l me a s u r e me n t s .J o h a n n e sKe p l e r , i nt h ee a r l y1 7 t hc e n t u r y , h a ds h o wnt h a tt h e d i s t a n c e so ft h ep l a n e t sf r o mt h eSu ng o v e r n e dt h e i ro r b i t a l s p e e d s , wh i c hwe r ee a s i l y me a s u r a b l e .Bu tn o o n eh a df o u n dawa yt oc a l c u l a t ea c c u r a t ed i s t a n c e st ot h ep l a n e t s f r o mt h eEa r t h .Th eg o a l wa st ome a s u r et h eAU;t h e n , k n o wi n gt h eo r b i t a l s p e e d so f a l l t h eo t h e rp l a n e t sr o u n dt h eSu n , t h es c a l eo ft h eSo l a rSy s t e mwo u l df a l l i n t op l a c e . Ho we v e r , Ha l l e yr e a l i s e dt h a tMe r c u r ywa ss of a ra wa yt h a ti t sp a r a l l a xa n g l ewo u l db e v e r yd i f f i c u l tt od e t e r mi n e .AsVe n u swa sc l o s e rt ot h eEa r t h , i t sp a r a l l a xa n g l ewo u l db e l a r g e r , a n dHa l l e ywo r k e do u tt h a tb yu s i n gVe n u si two u l db ep o s s i b l et ome a s u r et h e

C

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Su n ’ sd i s t a n c et o1p a r ti n5 0 0 .Bu tt h e r ewa sap r o b l e m: t r a n s i t so fVe n u s , u n l i k et h o s e o fMe r c u r y , a r er a r e , o c c u r r i n gi np a i r sr o u g h l ye i g h ty e a r sa p a r te v e r yh u n d r e do rs o y e a r s .Ne v e r t h e l e s s , h ea c c u r a t e l yp r e d i c t e dt h a tVe n u swo u l dc r o s st h ef a c eo ft h eSu n i nb o t h1 7 6 1a n d1 7 6 9–t h o u g hh ed i d n ’ ts u r v i v et os e ee i t h e r . D

I n s p i r e db yHa l l e y ’ ss u g g e s t i o no fawa yt op i nd o wnt h es c a l eo ft h eSo l a rSy s t e m, t e a mso fBr i t i s ha n dFr e n c ha s t r o n o me r ss e to u to ne x p e d i t i o n st op l a c e sa sd i v e r s ea s I n d i aa n dSi b e r i a .Bu tt h i n g swe r e n ’ th e l p e db yBr i t a i na n dFr a n c eb e i n ga twa r .Th e p e r s o nwh od e s e r v e smo s ts y mp a t h yi st h eFr e n c ha s t r o n o me rGu i l l a u meLeGe n t i l . Hewa st h wa r t e db yt h ef a c tt h a tt h eBr i t i s hwe r eb e s i e g i n gh i so b s e r v a t i o ns i t ea t Po n d i c h e r r yi nI n d i a .Fl e e i n go naFr e n c hwa r s h i pc r o s s i n gt h eI n d i a nOc e a n , LeGe n t i l s a wawo n d e r f u l t r a n s i t–b u tt h es h i p ’ sp i t c h i n ga n dr o l l i n gr u l e do u ta n ya t t e mp ta t ma k i n ga c c u r a t eo b s e r v a t i o n s .Un d a u n t e d , h er e ma i n e ds o u t ho ft h ee q u a t o r , k e e p i n g h i ms e l fb u s yb ys t u d y i n gt h ei s l a n d so fMa u r i t i u sa n dMa d a g a s c a rb e f o r es e t t i n go f f t oo b s e r v et h en e x tt r a n s i ti nt h ePh i l i p p i n e s .I r o n i c a l l ya f t e rt r a v e l l i n gn e a r l y5 0 , 0 0 0 k i l o me t r e s , h i sv i e wwa sc l o u d e do u ta tt h el a s tmo me n t , av e r yd i s p i r i t i n ge x p e r i e n c e .

E

Wh i l et h ee a r l yt r a n s i tt i mi n g swe r ea sp r e c i s ea si n s t r u me n t swo u l da l l o w, t h e me a s u r e me n t swe r ed o g g e db yt h e‘ b l a c kd r o p ’e f f e c t .Wh e nVe n u sb e g i n st oc r o s st h e Su n ’ sd i s c , i tl o o k ss me a r e dn o tc i r c u l a r–wh i c hma k e si td i f f i c u l tt oe s t a b l i s ht i mi n g s . Th i si sd u et od i f f r a c t i o no fl i g h t .Th es e c o n dp r o b l e mi st h a tVe n u se x h i b i t sah a l oo f l i g h twh e ni ti ss e e nj u s to u t s i d et h eSu n ’ sd i s c .Wh i l et h i ss h o we da s t r o n o me r st h a t Ve n u swa ss u r r o u n d e db yat h i c kl a y e ro fg a s e sr e f r a c t i n gs u n l i g h ta r o u n di t , b o t h e f f e c t sma d ei ti mp o s s i b l et oo b t a i na c c u r a t et i mi n g s .

F

Bu ta s t r o n o me r sl a b o u r e dh a r dt oa n a l y s et h er e s u l t so ft h e s ee x p e d i t i o n st oo b s e r v e Ve n u st r a n s i t s .J o h a n nFr a n zEn c k e , Di r e c t o ro ft h eBe r l i nOb s e r v a t o r y , f i n a l l y d e t e r mi n e dav a l u ef o rt h eAUb a s e do na l l t h e s ep a r a l l a xme a s u r e me n t s : 1 5 3 , 3 4 0 , 0 0 0k m.Re a s o n a b l ya c c u r a t ef o rt h et i me , t h a ti sq u i t ec l o s et ot o d a y ’ sv a l u eo f 1 4 9 , 5 9 7 , 8 7 0k m, d e t e r mi n e db yr a d a r , wh i c hh a sn o ws u p e r s e d e dt r a n s i t sa n da l l o t h e r

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m e t h o d s i n a c c u r a c y . T h e A U i s c o s m i cc m e a s u r i n g r o d , a n dm t h e b a s i s o f o w w e s c a l e t h e U n i v e r s e t o d a y . T h e p a r a l l a xa p r i n c i p l e a n b e e x t e n d e d t o e a s u r e t h eh d i s t a n c e s t o t h es t a r s .I fwel o o ka tas t a ri nJ a n u a r y–wh e nEa r t hi sa to n ep o i n ti ni t so r b i t–i twi l l s e e mt ob ei nad i f f e r e n tp o s i t i o nf r o mwh e r ei ta p p e a r ss i xmo n t h sl a t e r .Kn o wi n gt h e wi d t ho fEa r t h ’ so r b i t , t h ep a r a l l a xs h i f tl e t sa s t r o n o me r sc a l c u l a t et h ed i s t a n c e . G

J u n e2 0 0 4 ’ st r a n s i to fVe n u swa st h u smo r eo fa na s t r o n o mi c a l s p e c t a c l et h a na s c i e n t i f i c a l l yi mp o r t a n te v e n t .Bu ts u c ht r a n s i t sh a v ep a v e dt h ewa yf o rwh a tmi g h t p r o v et ob eo n eo ft h emo s tv i t a l b r e a k t h r o u g h si nt h ec o s mo s–d e t e c t i n gEa r t h s i z e d p l a n e t so r b i t i n go t h e rs t a r s .

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Questions 14–17 Re a d i ngPa s s a g e2ha ss e ve npa r a g r a p h s ,A–G. Wh i c hp a r a g r a p hc ont a i nst hef o l l owi ngi n f o r ma t i o n ? Write the correct letter, A–G, in boxes 14–17 on your answer sheet. 14 e xa mpl e sofdi f f e r e ntwa y si nwhi c ht h ep a r a l l a xp r i n c i p l eh a sb e e na p p l i e d 15 ade s cr i pt i onofa ne ve ntwhi c hp r e v e n t e dat r a n s i to b s e r v a t i o n 16 as t a t e me nta bo utpo t e n t i a l f ut u r ed i s c o v e r i e sl e a d i n go nf r o mt r a n s i to b s e r v a t i o n s 17 ade s cr i pt i onofphy s i ca l s t a t e sc on n e c t e dwi t hVe n u swh i c he a r l ya s t r o n o mi c a l i ns t r ume n t sf a i l e dt oo ve r c ome

Questions 18–21 Look at the following statements (Questions 18–21) and the list of people below. Match each statement with the correct person, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 18–21 on your answer sheet. 18 Hec a l c ul a t e dt h ed i s t a nc eoft h eSu nf r o mt h eEa r t hb a s e do no b s e r v a t i o n so f Ve nuswi t haf a i rde gr e eo fa c cu r a c y . 19 Heu nde r s t oodt ha tt hedi s t a nceo ft heSu nf r o mt h eEa r t hc o u l db ewo r k e do u tb y compa r i ngobs e r va t i o nsofat r a n s i t . 20 Her e a l i s e dt h a tt h et i met a k e nbyap l a n e tt og or o u n dt h eSu nd e p e n d so ni t s di s t a nc ef r om t h eSu n. file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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21 Hewi t ne s s e daVe n ust r a n s i tbu twa su n a b l et oma k ea n yc a l c u l a t i o n s .

List of People A Ed mo n dHa l l e y BJ o h a n n e sKe p l e r C Gu i l l a u meLeGe n t i l DJ o h a n nFr a n zEn c k e

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Questions 22–26 Dot h ef ol l o wi ngs t a t e me n t sa g r e ewi t ht h ei n f o r ma t i o ng i v e ni nRe a d i n gPa s s a g e2 ? In boxes 22–26 on your answer sheet, write TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN

if the statement agrees with the information if the statement contradicts the information if there is no information on this

22 Ha l l e yo bs e r ve do net r a n s i toft hep l a n e tVe n u s . 23 LeGe n t i lma n a g e dt oo bs e r v eas e c o n dVe n u st r a n s i t . 24 Thes ha peo fVe n usa pp e a r sdi s t o r t e dwh e ni ts t a r t st op a s si nf r o n to ft h eSu n . 25 Ea r l ya s t r o no me r ss us p e ct e dt ha tt h ea t mo s p h e r eo nVe n u swa st o x i c . 26 Thepa r a l l a xpr i nc i p l ea l l owsa s t r o n o me r st owo r ko u th o wf a ra wa yd i s t a n ts t a r s a r ef r om t heEa r t h.

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READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

A neuroscientist reveals how to think differently I nt hel a s tde c a dear e v ol ut i o nha so cc u r r e di nt h ewa yt h a ts c i e n t i s t st h i n ka b o u tt h eb r a i n . Wen ow know t ha tt hed e c i s i onsh uma n sma k ec a nb et r a c e dt ot h ef i r i n gp a t t e r n so fn e u r o n s i ns pe c i f i cpa r t soft h ebr a i n.The s edi s c o v e r i e sh a v el e dt ot h ef i e l dk n o wna sneuroeconomics, wh i c hs t u di e st heb r a i n ’ ss e cr e t st os u c c e s si na ne c o n o mi ce n v i r o n me n tt h a td e ma n d s i n no va t i ona n dbe i nga b l et od ot hi ng sd i f f e r e n t l yf r o mc o mp e t i t o r s .Ab r a i nt h a tc a nd ot h i si s a ni con o cl a s t i con e .Br i e f l y,a niconoclast i sap e r s o nwh od o e ss o me t h i n gt h a to t h e r ss a yc a n ’ t bed one . Th i sd e f i n i t i oni mp l i e st h a ti co noc l a s t sa r ed i f f e r e n tf r o mo t h e rp e o p l e ,b u tmo r ep r e c i s e l y ,i t i st h e i rb r a i nst ha ta r ed i f f e r e n ti nt h r e ed i s t i n c twa y s : p e r c e p t i o n ,f e a rr e s p o n s e ,a n ds o c i a l i n t e l l i g e n c e .Ea choft h e s et h r e ef u nct i o n su t i l i z e sad i f f e r e n tc i r c u i ti nt h eb r a i n .Na y s a y e r s mi gh ts u g ge s tt h a tt h ebr a i ni si r r e l e va n t ,t h a tt h i n k i n gi na no r i g i n a l ,e v e nr e v o l u t i o n a r y , wa yi smor eama t t e ro fpe r s ona l i t yt h a nb r a i nf u n c t i o n .Bu tt h ef i e l do fn e u r o e c o n o mi c swa s bo r nou toft h er e a l i z a t i ont h a tt h ephy s i c a l wo r k i n g so ft h eb r a i np l a c el i mi t a t i o n so nt h ewa y wema k ede c i s i o ns .Byu nde r s t a n di ngt h e s ec o n s t r a i n t s ,web e g i nt ou n d e r s t a n dwh ys o me pe o pl ema r cht oadi f f e r e ntd r u mbe a t . file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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Th ef i r s tt hi ngt or e a l i z ei st ha tt heb r a i ns u f f e r sf r o ml i mi t e dr e s o u r c e s .I th a saf i x e de n e r g y bu dg e t ,a boutt h es a mea sa4 0wa t tl i g h tb u l b ,s oi th a se v o l v e dt owo r ka se f f i c i e n t l ya s po s s i b l e .Thi si swhe r emo s tpe op l ea r ei mp e d e df r o mb e i n ga ni c o n o c l a s t .Fo re x a mp l e ,wh e n co nf r on t e dwi t hi nf or ma t i ons t r e a mi ngf r o mt h ee y e s ,t h eb r a i nwi l l i n t e r p r e tt h i si n f o r ma t i o n i nt hequ i cke s twa yp os s i bl e .Thusi twi l l d r a wo nb o t hp a s te x p e r i e n c ea n da n yo t h e rs o u r c e ofi n f or ma t i on,s u cha swh a tot he rpe o p l es a y ,t oma k es e n s eo fwh a ti ti ss e e i n g .Th i sh a p p e n s a l l t het i me .Theb r a i nt a ke ss hor t cu t st h a two r ks owe l l wea r eh a r d l ye v e ra wa r eo ft h e m. Wet hi n kourpe r ce pt i on so ft h ewor l da r er e a l ,b u tt h e ya r eo n l yb i o l o g i c a l a n de l e c t r i c a l r u mb l i ngs .Pe r c e pt i oni snots i mpl yap r o d u c to fwh a ty o u re y e so re a r st r a n s mi tt oy o u rb r a i n . Mor et h a nt hep hy s i ca l r e a l i t yofph ot on so rs o u n dwa v e s ,p e r c e p t i o ni sap r o d u c to ft h eb r a i n . Pe r c e pt i o ni sce nt r a l t oi con oc l a s m.I c o n o c l a s t ss e et h i n g sd i f f e r e n t l yt oo t h e rp e o p l e .Th e i r br a i n sd onotf a l li nt oe f f i ci e n cyp i t f a l l sa smu c ha st h ea v e r a g ep e r s o n ’ sb r a i n .I c o n o c l a s t s ,e i t h e r be c a us et h e ywe r ebo r nt ha twa yo rt hr o u g hl e a r n i n g ,h a v ef o u n dwa y st owo r ka r o u n dt h e pe r ce pt u a ls h or t c ut st ha tpl a gu emos tp e o p l e .Pe r c e p t i o ni sn o ts o me t h i n gt h a ti sh a r d wi r e d

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i nt ot h ebr a i n.I ti sal e a r n e dpr oc e s s ,wh i c hi sb o t hac u r s ea n da no p p o r t u n i t yf o rc h a n g e .Th e b r a i nf a ce st h ef un da me n t a lpr ob l e mo fi n t e r p r e t i n gp h y s i c a l s t i mu l i f r o mt h es e n s e s .Ev e r y t h i n g t h eb r a i ns e e s ,he a r s ,o rt ou che sh a smu l t i p l ei n t e r p r e t a t i o n s .Th eo n et h a ti su l t i ma t e l yc h o s e n i ss i mp l yt hebr a i n’ sbe s tt he or y.I nt e c h n i c a l t e r ms ,t h e s ec o n j e c t u r e sh a v et h e i rb a s i si nt h e s t a t i s t i c a ll i ke l i ho odo fon ei n t e r pr e t a t i o no v e ra n o t h e ra n da r eh e a v i l yi n f l u e n c e db yp a s t e x pe r i e n cea n d,i mpo r t a nt l yf o rp ot e n t i a l i c o n o c l a s t s ,wh a to t h e rp e o p l es a y . Thebe s twa yt os e et hi n gsd i f f e r e nt l yt oo t h e rp e o p l ei st ob o mb a r dt h eb r a i nwi t ht h i n g s i tha sne ve re nc oun t e r e db e f or e .No v e l t yr e l e a s e st h ep e r c e p t u a l p r o c e s sf r o mt h ec h a i n s o fp a s te xp e r i e nc ea n df o r c e st h ebr a i nt oma k en e wj u d g me n t s .Su c c e s s f u l i c o n o c l a s t s h a vea ne xt r a or di na r ywi l l i ng ne s st obee x p o s e dt owh a ti sf r e s ha n dd i f f e r e n t .Ob s e r v a t i o n o fi con o cl a s t ss howst ha tt he ye mbr a c en o v e l t ywh i l emo s tp e o p l ea v o i dt h i n g st h a ta r e d i f f e r e n t . Thepr obl e m wi t hn ov e l t y,h owe v e r ,i st h a ti tt e n d st ot r i g g e rt h eb r a i n ’ sf e a rs y s t e m.Fe a r i sama j ori mpe d i me n tt ot hi nki ngl i k ea ni c o n o c l a s ta n ds t o p st h ea v e r a g ep e r s o ni nh i s t r a cks .Th e r ea r ema nyt y pe soff e a r ,b u tt h et wot h a ti n h i b i ti c o n o c l a s t i ct h i n k i n ga n dp e o p l e g e ne r a l l yf i ndd i f f i c ul tt ode a lwi t ha r efear of uncertainty a n dfear of public ridicule. Th e s ema y s e e ml i ket r i v i a l pho bi a s .Bu tf e a rofpu b l i cs p e a k i n g ,wh i c he v e r y o n emu s td of r o mt i met o t i me ,a f f l i ct son e t hi r doft h ep op ul a t i o n .Th i sma k e si tt o oc o mmo nt ob ec o n s i d e r e dame n t a l d i s o r d e r .I ti ss i mpl yaco mmo nv a r i a n to fh u ma nn a t u r e ,o n ewh i c hi c o n o c l a s t sd on o tl e t i nh i b i tt he i rr e a c t i on s . Fi na l l y,t ob es uc ce s s f ul i c ono cl a s t s ,i n d i v i d u a l smu s ts e l l t h e i ri d e a st oo t h e rp e o p l e .Th i s i swh e r esocial intelligence co me si n .So c i a l i n t e l l i g e n c ei st h ea b i l i t yt ou n d e r s t a n da n d ma na gepe o pl ei nab us i n e s ss e t t i ng.I nt h el a s td e c a d et h e r eh a sb e e na ne x p l o s i o no f file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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k nowl e d gea bo utt hes oc i a l br a i na ndh o wt h eb r a i nwo r k swh e ng r o u p sc o o r d i n a t ed e c i s i o n ma ki ng.Ne ur os c i e nc eha sr e ve a l e dwh i c hb r a i nc i r c u i t sa r er e s p o n s i b l ef o rf u n c t i o n sl i k e u nde r s t a nd i ngwha to t he rp e opl et hi n k ,e mp a t h y ,f a i r n e s s ,a n ds o c i a l i d e n t i t y .Th e s eb r a i n r e gi o n spl a yk e yr o l e si nwh e t h e rpe o p l ec o n v i n c eo t h e r so ft h e i ri d e a s .Pe r c e p t i o ni s i mpo r t a nti ns o ci a l co gni t i o nt oo .Thep e r c e p t i o no fs o me o n e ’ se n t h u s i a s m,o rr e p u t a t i o n , c a nma k eorb r e a kad e a l .Und e r s t a nd i n gh o wp e r c e p t i o nb e c o me si n t e r t wi n e dwi t hs o c i a l d e ci s i o nma ki ngs h owswhys u cc e s s f u l i c o n o c l a s t sa r es or a r e . I co noc l a s t scr e a t en e w op po r t un i t i e si ne v e r ya r e af r o ma r t i s t i ce x p r e s s i o nt ot e c h n o l o g yt o b us i ne s s .The ys upp l ycr e a t i vi t ya ndi n n o v a t i o nn o te a s i l ya c c o mp l i s h e db yc o mmi t t e e s .Ru l e s a r e n’ ti mp or t a n tt ot he m.I con oc l a s t sf a c ea l i e n a t i o na n df a i l u r e ,b u tc a na l s ob eama j o ra s s e t t oa n yor g a ni z a t i on.I ti scr uci a lf ors u c c e s si na n yf i e l dt ou n d e r s t a n dh o wt h ei c o n o c l a s t i c mi ndwor k s .

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Questions 27–31 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in boxes 27–31 on your answer sheet. 27 Ne u r o e con omi c si saf i e l do fs t udywh i c hs e e k st o Ac a us each a n gei nho ws ci e nt i s t su n d e r s t a n db r a i nc h e mi s t r y . Bu nde r s t a n dho w go odde ci s i on sa r ema d ei nt h eb r a i n . Cu nd e r s t a ndh ow t h ebr a i ni sl i n k e dt oa c h i e v e me n ti nc o mp e t i t i v ef i e l d s . Dt r a c et hes pe c i f i cf i r i n gpa t t e r n so fn e u r o n si nd i f f e r e n ta r e a so ft h eb r a i n . 28 Acc o r d i ngt ot hewr i t e r ,i co noc l a s t sa r ed i s t i n c t i v eb e c a u s e At h e ycr e a t eu nu s ua lb r a i nci r c u i t s . Bt h e i rbr a i n sf un ct i o nd i f f e r e nt l y . Ct h e i rpe r s o na l i t i e sa r edi s t i n ct i v e . Dt h e yma k ed e ci s i on se a s i l y . 29 Acc o r d i ngt ot hewr i t e r ,t h eb r a i nwo r k se f f i c i e n t l yb e c a u s e Ai tus e st hee ye squ i c kl y. Bi ti nt e r p r e t sda t al o gi ca l l y. Ci tge ne r a t e si t sowne ne r g y. Di tr e l i e sonp r e v i ou se ve nt s . 30 Thewr i t e rs a yst ha tp e r ce p t i oni s 52/120

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A acomb i n a t i onofp ho t onsa nds o u n dwa v e s . B ar e l i a bl epr o du ctofwha ty ours e n s e st r a n s mi t . C ar e s ul to fbr a i npr o ce s s e s . D apr o ce s swea r eus u a l l yco ns ci o u so f . 31 Acc o r d i ngt ot hewr i t e r ,a ni co no cl a s t i ct h i n k e r Ac e nt r a l i s e spe r ce pt u a lt hi nk i ngi no n ep a r to ft h eb r a i n . Ba voi d sc og ni t i vet r a p s . Ch a sab r a i nt ha ti sh a r dwi r e df o rl e a r n i n g . Dh a smor eopp or t uni t i e st ha nt h ea v e r a g ep e r s o n .

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Questions 32–37 Dot h ef ol l o wi ngs t a t e me n t sa g r e ewi t ht h ec l a i mso ft h ewr i t e ri nRe a d i n gPa s s a g e3 ? In boxes 32–37 on your answer sheet, write YES NO NOT GIVEN

if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

32 Exp o s ur et od i f f e r e nte v e nt sf o r ce st h eb r a i nt ot h i n kd i f f e r e n t l y . 33 I con oc l a s t sa r eun us ua l l yr e ce pt i v et on e we x p e r i e n c e s . 34 Mos tp e opl ea r et oos h yt ot r ydi f f e r e n tt h i n g s . 35 I fy out hi nki na ni c ono cl a s t i cwa y ,y o uc a ne a s i l yo v e r c o mef e a r . 36 Whe nc onc e r na b oute mba r r a s s me n tma t t e r sl e s s ,o t h e rf e a r sb e c o mei r r e l e v a n t . 37 Fe a rofpu bl i cs p e a ki n gi sap s yc h o l o g i c a l i l l n e s s .

Questions 38–40 Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A–E, below.

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Write the correct letter, A–E, in boxes 38–40 on your answer sheet. 38 Thi n ki ngl i k eas u cce s s f uli co noc l a s ti sd e ma n d i n gb e c a u s ei t 39 Theco nce p toft h es o ci a lbr a i ni su s e f u l t oi c o n o c l a s t sb e c a u s ei t 40 I con oc l a s t sa r ege n e r a l l ya na s s e tb e c a u s et h e i rwa yo ft h i n k i n g

Ar e q ui r e sbot hpe r c e p t u a l a n ds o c i a l i n t e l l i g e n c es k i l l s . Bf oc us e sonh ow g r o u p sd e c i d eo na na c t i o n . C wo r ksi nma n yf i e l d s ,b o t ha r t i s t i ca n ds c i e n t i f i c . Dl e a v e so neop e nt oc r i t i c i s ma n dr e j e c t i o n . Ei n vo l ve su nde r s t a n d i n gh o wo r g a n i s a t i o n sma n a g ep e o p l e .

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WRITING

WRITING TASK 1 Yo us h oul ds pe n da bo ut20mi nut e sont h i st a s k .

The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in the UK, divided into three categories, from 1995-2002. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Wr i t ea tl e a s t15 0wo r d s .

UK telephone calls, by category, 1995–2002 Ca l lt yp e :

Loc a l –f i x e dl i n e Na t i o n a l a n di n t e r n a t i o n a l –f i x e dl i n e Mo b i l e s( a l l c a l l s )

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1997

1996

1997

100 90 80 70 ) s n

60

illio (b 50 s te u in 40 M 30 20 10 0 1995

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

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WRITING TASK 2 Yous h o ul ds p e nda b out4 0mi nu t e so nt h i st a s k . Wr i t ea b ou tt h ef ol l o wi ngt o pi c :

Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighbourhood or teaching sports to younger children). To what extent do you agree or disagree? Gi ver e a s on sf o ryo ura n s we ra n di n cl u d ea n yr e l e v a n te x a mp l e sf r o my o u ro wn k nowl e d geore xpe r i e n ce . Wr i t ea tl e a s t2 50wor ds .

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SPEAKING PART 1 Th ee xa mi ne ra s k st h eca nd i d a t ea b outh i m/ h e r s e l f ,h i s / h e rh o me ,wo r ko rs t u d i e sa n d ot h e rf a mi l i a rt o pi cs . EXAMPLE Giving gifts

•Whendopeopl egi veg i f t so rpr e s e nt si ny o u rc o u n t r y ? •Doyoueve rt a keagi f twh e nyo uvi s i ts o me o n ei nt h e i rh o me ?[ Wh y / Wh yn o t ? ] •Whendi dy oul a s tr e ce i veagi f t ?[ Wh a twa si t ? ] •Doyouenj o yl o oki ngf orgi f t sf o rpe o p l e ?[ Wh y / Wh yn o t ? ]

PART 2 Describe something you did that was new or exiting. file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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You should say: what you did where and when you did this who you shared the activity with and explain why this activity was new or exciting for you.

mi n u t et ot h i n ka b o u twh a ty o ua r e g o i n gt os a y .Yo uc a nma k es o me n o t e st oh e l py o ui fy o uwi s h .

PART 3 Discussion topics: Doing new things Example questions: Wh ydoy out hi nks o mepe o pl el i k edo i ngn e wt h i n g s ? Wh a tp r o b l e msca np e op l eha v ewhe nt h e yt r yn e wa c t i v i t i e sf o rt h ef i r s tt i me ? Doy out h i nki t ’ sbe s tt odone wt h i ng so ny o u ro wno rwi t ho t h e rp e o p l e ?Wh y ? Learning new things Example questions: Wh a tk i ndso ft hi ngsd och i l dr e nl e a r nt od owh e nt h e ya r ev e r yy o u n g ?Ho wi mp o r t a n t a r et h e s et hi n gs ? Doy out h i nkch i l dr e na nda d ul t sl e a r nt od on e wt h i n g si nt h es a mewa y ?Ho wi st h e i r l e a r ni ngs t yl edi f f e r e nt ? Somepe o pl es a yt h a ti ti smo r ei mpor t a n tt ob ea b l et ol e a r nn e wt h i n g sn o wt h a ni twa s i nt hepa s t .Doy oua g r e eordi s a g r e ewi t ht h a t ?Wh y ? 5 5

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Te s t3 LISTENING

SECTION 1 Questions 1–10 Questions 1–5 Complete the table below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Apartments

Facilities

Other Information

Rose Garden

s t ud i of l a t

Example

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Cost

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e n t e r t a i n me n tp r o g r a mme :

Apartments

£ 2 1 9

Gr e e kd a n c i n g Blue Bay

l a r ges a l t wa t e r

Apartments

s wi mmi ngp o o l

-j u s t1

me t r e s

£ 2 7 5

f r o mb e a c h -n e a rs h o p s

2

t e r r a ce

wa t e r s p o r t s

£ 4 9 0

-Gr e e kp a i n t i n g s

-o v e r l o o k i n g4

5£

-3

-n e a ras u p e r ma r k e ta n d

Apartments The Grand

ad i s c o

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Questions 6–10 Complete the table below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

GREEK ISLAND HOLIDAYS Insurance Benefits Ca nce l l a t i on

Hos pi t a l

Maximum Amount 6£ £6 0 0 .Ad d i t i o n a l b e n e f i ta l l o wsa7

t o

t r a v e l t or e s o r t

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8 d e pa r t ur e

Upt o£ 1 0 0 0 .De p e n d so nr e a s o n

Pe r s o n a lb e l o ng i ng s

Upt o£ 3 0 0 0 ;£ 5 0 0f o ro n e9

Na meo fAs s i s t a ntMa na ge r :Be n10 Di r e c tpho nel i ne :0 81 260543 21 6

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SECTION 2 Questions 11–20 Questions 11–13 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Winridge Forest Railway Park 11 Si mo n’ si d e af orat he mepa r kca mef r o m A hi sc hi l d hoo dho bb y. B hi si n t e r e s ti nl a nd s ca ped e s i g n . C hi sv i s i tt oa not h e rpa r k. 12 Whe nt h e ys t a r t e d,t hef a mi l yde c i d e dt oo p e nt h ep a r ko n l ywh e n A

t h ewe a t he rwa se x pe ct e dt ob eg o o d .

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Bt hec hi l d r e nwe r e n’ ta ts c ho o l . Ct he r ewe r ef e we rf a r mi n gco mmi t me n t s . 13 Si n c eop e ni ng ,t h epa r kha sha d A 50 , 0 00vi s i t or s . B 1, 0 00 , 000vi s i t or s . C 1, 50 0, 0 00v i s i t o r s .

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Questions 14–18 Wh a ti scu r r e nt l yt hema i na r e aofwor ko fe a c ho ft h ef o l l o wi n gp e o p l e ? Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A–H, next to questions 14–18.

Area of work Aa d v e r t i s i ng Ba n i ma l ca r e C bui l di ng De d u ca t i o na ll i nk s Ee ngi n ema i nt e na n ce 60/120

f ooda nddr i nk

F

Gs a l e s Hs t a f f i ng People 14 Si mon( t hes pe a ke r ) 15 Li z 16 Sa r a h 17 Dunc a n 18 J udi t h

Questions 19 and 20 Complete the table below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR NUMBERS for each answer.

Feature

Size

Ra i l wa y

1 . 2km

GoKa r ta r e na

19

Biggest challenge

Target age group

Ma k i n gt u n n e l s m2

Re mo v i n gmo u n d s

20

o nt h et r a c k

y e a r o l d s

5 9

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SECTION 3 Questions 21–30 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Study Skills Tutorial – Caroline Benning Di s s e r t a t i ont op i c: t he21 St r e ngt h s :

•22 •c omp ut e rmo d e l l i n g

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We a k n e s s e s :

•l a c ko fba c k g r o u n di n f o r ma t i o n s k i l l s

•p oor23

Possible strategy

Benefits

Problems

pe e rgr o upd i s cu s s i on

i n c r e a s e s24

d i s s e r t a t i o n st e n dt o c o n t a i nt h es a me 25

us et he26

p r o v i d e ss t r u c t u r e d

s e r vi ce

p r o g r a mme

co ns ul ts t u dys k i l l s

a r eag o o ds o u r c eo f

bo oks

r e f e r e n c e

Re comme n da t i o ns :

l i mi t e d27

c a nb et o o28

•us eac a r di n d e x •r e a da l l n o t e s29

Ne x tt ut or i a ld a t e :

30

J a n u a r y

6 0

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SECTION 4 Questions 31–40 Questions 31 and 32 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. 31 Theowne r soft heun de r g r ou ndho u s e Ah a dnoe xpe r i e n ceofl i v i n gi nar u r a l a r e a . B we r ei nt e r e s t e di ne n vi r on me nt a l i s s u e s . C wa nt e dapr of e s s i on a lpr oj e ctma n a g e r . 32 Wha tdoe st hes pe a k e rs a ya bo utt hes i t eo ft h eh o u s e ? file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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A Thel a n dwa sq ui t ec he a p. B St on ewa sb e i n ge xt r a ct e dne a r b y . CI twa si nac ompl e t e l yun s poi l ta r e a .

6 1

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Questions 33–40 Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Th eUn d e r g r o u n dHo u s e Design file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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•Bui l ti nt hee a r t h ,wi t ht wof l oo r s •Thesout h f a c i n gs i d ewa scon s t r u c t e do ft wol a y e r so f33 •Phot ovo l t a i ct i l e swe r ea t t a che d •Al a ye ro ff oa m wa su s e dt oi mp r o v et h e34

o ft h eb u i l d i n g

Special features

•Toi n cr e a s et hel i gh t ,t hebu i l d i n gh a sma n yi n t e r n a l mi r r o r sa n d 35

•I nf ut ur e ,t heh ous ema ypr odu c emo r e36 •Re cycl e dwo odwa sus e df ort h e37

t h a ni tn e e d s o ft h eh o u s e

•Thesyst e mf o rp r oc e s s i ngdome s t i c38

i so r g a n i c

Environmental issues

•Theuseofl a r g equa n t i t i e so f39

i nc o n s t r u c t i o nwa s

e nv i r on me nt a l l yh a r mf ul

•Butt h eh ou s ewi l lha v ep a i di t s‘ e n v i r o n me n t a l d e b t ’wi t h i n40

6 2

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READING

READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1–13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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Attitudes to language

I ti sno te a s yt obes ys t e ma t i ca ndobj e ct i v ea b o u tl a n g u a g es t u d y .Po p u l a rl i n g u i s t i cd e b a t e r e g ul a r l yd e t e r i or a t e si nt oi nv e ct i v ea ndp o l e mi c .La n g u a g eb e l o n g st oe v e r y o n e ,s omo s t pe o pl ef e e lt h e yha vear i gh tt oho l da no p i n i o na b o u ti t .An dwh e no p i n i o n sd i f f e r ,e mo t i o n s ca nr u nhi gh .Ar g ume n t sc a ns t a r ta se a s i l yo v e rmi n o rp o i n t so fu s a g ea so v e rma j o rp o l i c i e s ofl i ng ui s t i ce du ca t i on. La ng ua g e ,mo r e o ve r ,i sav e r ypub l i cb e h a v i o u r ,s oi ti se a s yf o rd i f f e r e n tu s a g e st ob en o t e d a ndcr i t i c i s e d .Nopa r to fs oc i e t yo rs oc i a l b e h a v i o u ri se x e mp t : l i n g u i s t i cf a c t o r si n f l u e n c e ho w wej u dgepe r s ona l i t y,i nt e l l i g e nce ,s o c i a l s t a t u s ,e d u c a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d s ,j o ba p t i t u d e , a ndma n yot h e ra r e a sofi de n t i t ya n ds o c i a l s u r v i v a l .Asar e s u l t ,i ti se a s yt oh u r t ,a n dt ob e hu r t ,wh e nl a ngu a geus ei su nf e e l i n gl ya t t a c k e d . I ni t smos tg e ne r a ls e ns e ,pr e s cr i pt i vi s mi st h ev i e wt h a to n ev a r i e t yo fl a n g u a g eh a sa n i n he r e n t l yhi g he rva l u et ha no t he r s ,a ndt h a tt h i so u g h tt ob ei mp o s e do nt h ewh o l eo f t hes pe e c hc ommuni t y.Th evi e wi spr o p o u n d e de s p e c i a l l yi nr e l a t i o nt og r a mma ra n d vo ca bu l a r y,a ndf r e que n t l ywi t hr e f e r e n c et op r o n u n c i a t i o n .Th ev a r i e t ywh i c hi sf a v o u r e d , i nt hi sa ccou n t ,i sus ua l l yav e r s i o noft h e‘ s t a n d a r d ’wr i t t e nl a n g u a g e ,e s p e c i a l l ya s e nc oun t e r e di nl i t e r a t u r e ,ori nt h ef o r ma l s p o k e nl a n g u a g ewh i c hmo s tc l o s e l yr e f l e c t st h i s s t yl e .Adh e r e nt st ot h i sv a r i e t ya r es a i dt os p e a ko rwr i t e‘ c o r r e c t l y ’ ;d e v i a t i o n sf r o mi ta r e s a i dt ob e‘ i nc or r e c t ’ . Al lt h ema i nl a ng ua ge sh a vebe e ns t u di e dp r e s c r i p t i v e l y ,e s p e c i a l l yi nt h e1 8 t hc e n t u r y a pp r o a c ht ot hewr i t i n go fgr a mma r sa n dd i c t i o n a r i e s .Th ea i mso ft h e s ee a r l yg r a mma r i a n s we r et hr e e f o l d:( a )t he ywa nt e dt ocod i f yt h ep r i n c i p l e so ft h e i rl a n g u a g e s ,t os h o wt h a t t he r ewa sas ys t e m be n e a t ht hea pp a r e n tc h a o so fu s a g e ,( b )t h e ywa n t e dame a n so f s e t t l i ngdi s put e sov e rus a ge ,a n d( c )t he ywa n t e dt op o i n to u twh a tt h e yf e l tt ob ec o mmo n e r r or s ,i nor d e rt o‘ i mp r o ve ’t h el a ngu a g e .Th ea u t h o r i t a r i a nn a t u r eo ft h ea p p r o a c hi sb e s t ch a r a ct e r i s e dbyi t sr e l i a nceo n‘ r ul e s ’ofg r a mma r .So meu s a g e sa r e‘ p r e s c r i b e d ’ ,t ob e l e a r nta n df o l l owe da c cu r a t e l y ;o t he r sa r e‘ p r o s c r i b e d ’ ,t ob ea v o i d e d .I nt h i se a r l yp e r i o d , t he r ewe r en oha l f me a s ur e s : us a gewa se i t h e rr i g h to rwr o n g ,a n di twa st h et a s ko ft h e gr a mma r i a nnots i mpl yt or e co r da l t e r n a t i v e s ,b u tt op r o n o u n c ej u d g e me n tu p o nt h e m. Th e s ea t t i t ude sa r es t i l l wi t hus ,a ndt h e ymo t i v a t eawi d e s p r e a dc o n c e r nt h a tl i n g u i s t i c s t a nd a r d ss h oul db ema i n t a i ne d .Ne v e r t h e l e s s ,t h e r ei sa na l t e r n a t i v ep o i n to fv i e wt h a t i sc onc e r ne dl e s swi t hs t a nd a r dst h a nwi t ht h efacts o fl i n g u i s t i cu s a g e .Th i sa p p r o a c hi s s umma r i s e di nt hes t a t e me ntt h a ti ti st h et a s ko ft h eg r a mma r i a nt odescribe, n o tprescribe 6 3

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–t or e c or dt hef a c t sofl i n gu i s t i cdi v e r s i t y ,a n dn o tt oa t t e mp tt h ei mp o s s i b l et a s k so f e v a l ua t i ngl a ng ua gev a r i a t i ono rh a l t i n gl a n g u a g ec h a n g e .I nt h es e c o n dh a l fo ft h e1 8 t h c e nt u r y ,wea l r e a dyf i nda d voc a t e so ft h i sv i e w,s u c ha sJ o s e p hPr i e s t l e y ,wh o s eRudiments of English Grammar ( 176 1)i ns i s t st h a t‘ t h ec u s t o mo fs p e a k i n gi st h eo r i g i n a l a n do n l y j us ts t a n da r do fa nyl a ng ua g e ’ .Li ng u i s t i ci s s u e s ,i ti sa r g u e d ,c a n n o tb es o l v e db yl o g i c a n dl e g i s l a t i on .Andt hi sv i e wh a sbe c o met h et e n e to ft h emo d e r nl i n g u i s t i ca p p r o a c ht o g r a mma t i ca la na l ys i s . I no urownt i me ,t heo ppo s i t i o nb e t we e n‘ d e s c r i p t i v i s t s ’a n d‘ p r e s c r i p t i v i s t s ’h a so f t e n 65/120

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b e co mee xt r e me ,wi t hbot hs i de spa i nt i n gu n r e a l p i c t u r e so ft h eo t h e r .De s c r i p t i v e g r a mma r i a n sha v eb e e npr e s e n t e da sp e o p l ewh od on o tc a r ea b o u ts t a n d a r d s ,b e c a u s e o ft h ewa yt he ys e ea l lf o r mso fu s a g ea se q u a l l yv a l i d .Pr e s c r i p t i v eg r a mma r i a n sh a v e b e e npr e s e n t e da sbl i n da dh e r e nt st oah i s t o r i c a l t r a d i t i o n .Th eo p p o s i t i o nh a se v e nb e e n p r e s e nt e di nq ua s i po l i t i ca l t e r ms–o fr a d i c a l l i b e r a l i s mv se l i t i s tc o n s e r v a t i s m.

6 4

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Questions 1–8 Dot h ef ol l owi n gs t a t e me nt sa g r e ewi t ht h ec l a i mso ft h ewr i t e ri nRe a d i n gPa s s a g e1 ? In boxes 1–8 on your answer sheet, write YES file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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NO NOT GIVEN

i ft h es t a t e me n tc o n t r a d i c t st h ec l a i mso ft h ewr i t e r i fi ti si mpo s s i b l et os a ywh a tt h ewr i t e rt h i n k sa b o u tt h i s

1

Th e r ea r eun de r s t a nd a bl er e a s onswh ya r g u me n t so c c u ra b o u tl a n g u a g e .

2

Pe o pl ef e e lmo r es t r o ng l ya b outl a n g u a g ee d u c a t i o nt h a na b o u ts ma l l d i f f e r e n c e si n l a n gua g eu s a ge .

3

Ou ra s s e s s me nto fape r s o n’ si nt e l l i g e n c ei sa f f e c t e db yt h ewa yh eo rs h eu s e s l a n gua g e .

4

Pr e s cr i pt i vegr a mma rbo oksc os tal o to fmo n e yt ob u yi nt h e1 8 t hc e n t u r y .

5

Pr e s cr i pt i vi s ms t i l le xi s t st o da y.

6

Ac cor di n gt od e s cr i pt i vi s t si ti sp o i n t l e s st ot r yt os t o pl a n g u a g ec h a n g e .

7

De s cr i p t i v i s mo nl ya pp e a r e da f t e rt h e1 8 t hc e n t u r y .

8

Bot hde s c r i pt i v i s t sa ndpr e s c r i pt i v i s t sh a v eb e e nmi s r e p r e s e n t e d .

6 5

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Questions 9–12 Complete the summary using the list of words, A–I, below. Write the correct letter, A–I, in boxes 9–12 on your answer sheet.

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The language debate Acc or di ngt o9

,t he r ei so n l yo n ec o r r e c tf o r mo fl a n g u a g e .Li n g u i s t swh ot a k e .

t h i sa pp r oa cht ol a ng ua gep l a ceg r e a ti mp o r t a n c eo ng r a mma t i c a l 10 ,s u c ha sJ o s e p hPr i e s t l e y ,i st h a tg r a mma rs h o u l d

Con ve r s e l y ,t hevi e wo f11 b eba s e don12

.

A de s c r i p t i v i s t s

Bl a n g u a g ee x p e r t s

Cp o p u l a rs p e e c h

Df o r ma l l a n gua g e

Ee v a l u a t i o n

F

r u l e s

G mo de r nl i ngu i s t s

Hp r e s c r i p t i v i s t s

I

c h a n g e

Question 13 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in box 13 on your answer sheet. Wha ti st h ewr i t e r ’ sp ur p os ei nRe a d i n gPa s s a g e1 ? At oa r g uei nf a vo urofap a r t i c u l a ra p p r o a c ht owr i t i n gd i c t i o n a r i e sa n dg r a mma r b oo ks Bt opr e s e ntah i s t or i c a l a cc ou n to fd i f f e r i n gv i e wso fl a n g u a g e Ct ode s c r i b et hedi f f e r e nc e sb e t we e ns p o k e na n dwr i t t e nl a n g u a g e Dt os ho w ho w ace r t a i nv i e wo fl a n g u a g eh a sb e e nd i s c r e d i t e d

6 6

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READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below. file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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Tidal Power Undersea turbines which produce electricity from the tides are set to become an important source of renewable energy for Britain. It is still too early to predict the extent of the impact they may have, but all the signs are that they will play a significant role in the future A

Ope r a t i n go nt hes a mepr i n ci pl ea swi n dt u r b i n e s ,t h ep o we ri ns e at u r b i n e s c o me sf r o mt i d a lcu r r e nt swhi c ht u r nb l a d e ss i mi l a rt os h i p s ’p r o p e l l e r s , b u t ,u nl i kewi nd ,t h et i d e sa r ep r e d i c t a b l ea n dt h ep o we ri n p u ti sc o n s t a n t . Thet e ch no l og yr a i s e st hepr os p e c to fBr i t a i nb e c o mi n gs e l f s u f f i c i e n ti n r e n e wa b l ee ne r gya n dd r a s t i c a l l yr e d u c i n gi t sc a r b o nd i o x i d ee mi s s i o n s .I f t i d e ,wi nda ndwa vepo we ra r ea l l d e v e l o p e d ,Br i t a i nwo u l db ea b l et oc l o s e g a s ,c oa l a ndn uc l e a rp owe rpl a n t sa n de x p o r tr e n e wa b l ep o we rt oo t h e r p a r t sofEur ope .Un l i kewi ndp o we r ,wh i c hBr i t a i no r i g i n a l l yd e v e l o p e da n d t h e na ba n do ne df or2 0ye a r sa l l o wi n gt h eDu t c ht oma k ei tama j o ri n d u s t r y , u n de r s e at ur b i n e sc ou l db e co meab i ge x p o r te a r n e rt oi s l a n dn a t i o n ss u c h a sJ a p a na ndNe w Ze a l a n d.

B

Ti d a ls i t e sh a v ea l r e a d ybe e ni d e n t i f i e dt h a twi l l p r o d u c eo n es i x t ho rmo r e o ft heUK’ sp owe r–a n da tpr i c e sc o mp e t i t i v ewi t hmo d e r ng a st u r b i n e sa n d u n de r cu t t i n gt ho s eo ft hea l r e a d ya i l i n gn u c l e a ri n d u s t r y .On es i t ea l o n e ,t h e Pe nt l a ndFi r t h ,be t we e nOr kne ya n dma i n l a n dSc o t l a n d ,c o u l dp r o d u c e1 0 % o ft hecou nt r y ’ se l e c t r i ci t ywi t hb a n k so ft u r b i n e su n d e rt h es e a ,a n da n o t h e r a tAl d e r ne yi nt h eCha n ne lI s l a n d st h r e et i me st h e1 , 2 0 0me g a wa t t so f Br i t a i n’ sl a r ge s ta ndne we s tnu c l e a rp l a n t ,Si z e we l l B,i nSu f f o l k .Ot h e r s i t e si de n t i f i e di nc l ud et heBr i s t o l Ch a n n e l a n dt h ewe s tc o a s to fSc o t l a n d , p a r t i cul a r l yt hec ha nn e lbe t we e nCa mp b e l t o wna n dNo r t h e r nI r e l a n d .

C

Wor konde s i g nsf o rt h en e wt u r b i n eb l a d e sa n ds i t e sa r ewe l l a d v a n c e d a tt heUni ve r s i t yofSou t h a mpt o n ’ ss u s t a i n a b l ee n e r g yr e s e a r c hg r o u p .Th e f i r s ts t a t i oni se xp e c t e dt ob ei ns t a l l e do f fLy n mo u t hi nDe v o ns h o r t l yt o t e s tt h et e c hno l o gyi nave n t ur ej o i n t l yf u n d e db yt h ed e p a r t me n to fTr a d e a ndI ndu s t r ya n dt heEur op e a nUn i o n .Ab u Ba k rBa h a j ,i nc h a r g eo ft h e So ut h a mpt o nr e s e a r c h,s a i d :‘ Thep r o s p e c t sf o re n e r g yf r o mt i d a l c u r r e n t s a r ef a rb e t t e rt ha nf r o m wi ndb e c a u s et h ef l o wso fwa t e ra r ep r e d i c t a b l e a ndco ns t a n t .Thet e ch nol og yf o rd e a l i n gwi t ht h eh o s t i l es a l i n ee n v i r o n me n t u n de rt hes e aha sbe e nde ve l op e di nt h eNo r t hSe ao i l i n d u s t r ya n dmu c h 6 7

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i sa l r e a dyk no wna b outt u r bi n eb l a d ed e s i g n ,b e c a u s eo fwi n dp o we ra n d s hi ppr op e l l e r s .The r ea r eaf e wt e c h n i c a l d i f f i c u l t i e s ,b u tIb e l i e v ei nt h e ne x tf i v et ot e nye a r swewi l l b ei n s t a l l i n gc o mme r c i a l ma r i n et u r b i n ef a r ms . ’ file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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Sou t h a mpt o nh a sb e e na wa r d e d£ 2 1 5 , 0 0 0o v e rt h r e ey e a r st od e v e l o p t het ur bi ne sa ndi swor ki ngwi t hMa r i n eCu r r e n tTu r b i n e s ,as u b s i d i a r yo f I Tp owe r ,ont heLynmou t hp r o j e c t .EUr e s e a r c hh a sn o wi d e n t i f i e d1 0 6 pot e nt i a l s i t e sf ort i d a lpo we r ,8 0 %r o u n dt h ec o a s t so fBr i t a i n .Th eb e s t s i t e sa r ebe t we e ni s l a ndso ra r o u n dh e a v i l yi n d e n t e dc o a s t swh e r et h e r ea r e s t r o ngt i da lc ur r e nt s . D

Ama r i n et u r b i n eb l a d en e e dst ob eo n l yo n et h i r do ft h es i z eo fawi n d ge n e r a t ort opr odu cet hr e et i me sa smu c hp o we r .Th eb l a d e swi l l b ea b o u t 20me t r e si ndi a me t e r ,s oa r o un d3 0me t r e so fwa t e ri sr e q u i r e d .Un l i k e wi n dp owe r ,t he r ea r eu nl i ke l yt ob ee n v i r o n me n t a l o b j e c t i o n s .Fi s ha n do t h e r cr e a t u r e sa r et h oug htun l i ke l yt ob ea tr i s kf r o mt h er e l a t i v e l ys l o wt u r n i n g bl a de s .Ea c ht u r bi newi l l bemo u n t e do nat o we rwh i c hwi l l c o n n e c tt ot h e na t i ona l powe rs up pl ygr i dv i au n d e r wa t e rc a b l e s .Th et o we r swi l l s t i c ko u to f t hewa t e ra n db el i t ,t owa r ns h i p p i n g ,a n da l s ob ed e s i g n e dt ob el i f t e do u t oft hewa t e rf orma i n t e n a ncea n dt oc l e a ns e a we e df r o mt h eb l a d e s .

E

DrBa ha j ha sdon emos twor ko nt h eAl d e r n e ys i t e ,wh e r et h e r ea r e powe r f ul cur r e nt s .Thes i n gl eu n d e r s e at u r b i n ef a r m wo u l dp r o d u c ef a rmo r e powe rt h a nne e de df ort heCh a n n e l I s l a n d sa n dmo s two u l db ef e di n t ot h e Fr e nc hGr i da n dber e i mpor t e di n t oBr i t a i nv i at h ec a b l eu n d e rt h eCh a n n e l .

F

On et e ch ni c a ld i f f i c ul t yi sca v i t a t i o n ,wh e r el o wp r e s s u r eb e h i n dat u r n i n g bl a deca u s e sa i rbu bb l e s .The s ec a nc a u s ev i b r a t i o na n dd a ma g et h eb l a d e s oft het ur bi n e s .DrBa h a js a i d :‘ Weh a v et ot e s tan u mb e ro fb l a d et y p e st o a vo i dt h i sha p pe ni ngora tl e a s tma k es u r ei td o e sn o td a ma g et h et u r b i n e s orr e du cepe r f o r ma n ce .Ano t he rs l i g h tc o n c e r ni ss u b me r g e dd e b r i sf l o a t i n g i nt ot heb l a de s .Sof a rwedon o tk n o wh o w mu c ho fap r o b l e mi tmi g h t be .Wewi l l ha v et oma ket het u r b i n e sr o b u s tb e c a u s et h es e ai sah o s t i l e e nv i r o nme n t ,buta l lt hes i gnst h a twec a nd oi ta r eg o o d . ’

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Re a d i ngPa s s a g e2ha ss i xpa r a gr a p hs ,A–F. Wh i c hp a r a g r a p hc ont a i nst hef o l l owi ngi n f o r ma t i o n ? Write the correct letter, A–F, in boxes 14–17 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. 14 t hel o c a t i o no ft hef i r s tt e s ts i t e 15 awa yofb r i n gi ngt h epowe rpr odu c e do no n es i t eb a c ki n t oBr i t a i n 16 ar e f e r e nc et oapr e v i ou sa t t e mptbyBr i t a i nt of i n da na l t e r n a t i v es o u r c eo fe n e r g y 17 me nt i o noft h epos s i bi l i t yofa p pl yi n gt e c h n o l o g yf r o ma n o t h e ri n d u s t r y

Questions 18–22 Choose FIVE letters, A–J. Write the correct letters in boxes 18–22 on your answer sheet. Wh i c hFIVE oft h ef ol l o wi n gcl a i msa b o u tt i d a l p o we ra r ema d eb yt h ewr i t e r ?

AI ti samor er e l i a b l es ou r c eo fe ne r g yt h a nwi n dp o we r . BI twoul dr e pl a cea l l ot he rf or mso fe n e r g yi nBr i t a i n . CI t si n t r o duc t i onha sco mea sar e s u l to fp u b l i cp r e s s u r e . DI twoul dcu tdownona i rp ol l u t i on . EI tco ul dco nt r i bu t et ot hecl os u r eofma n ye x i s t i n gp o we rs t a t i o n si nBr i t a i n . I tcou l dbeame a nso fi n cr e a s i n gn a t i o n a l i n c o me .

F

GI tc oul df a c eal oto fr e s i s t a n cef r o mo t h e rf u e l i n d u s t r i e s . HI tc oul dbes o l dmor ec he a pl yt ha na n yo t h e rt y p eo ff u e l . I

I tcou l dcompe ns a t ef o rt h es h o r t a g eo fi n l a n ds i t e sf o re n e r g yp r o d u c t i o n .

J

I ti sbe s tpr od uce di nt h evi c i n i t yo fc o a s t l i n e swi t hp a r t i c u l a rf e a t u r e s .

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Label the diagram below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 23–26 on your answer sheet.

An Undersea Turbine Who l et owe rca nb er a i s e d a ndt h ee x t r a ct i o n f or23 o fs e a we e df r o mt heb l a de s

Ai rb ub bl e sr e s u l tf r om t h e25 Th i si skno wna s26

b e hi ndb l a d e s .

Se al i f en o ti nd a n g e rd u et ot h e f a c tt h a tb l a d e sa r ec o mp a r a t i v e l y 24

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READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

I nf o r ma t i o nt he o r y–t heb i gi d e a Information theory lies at the heart of everything – from DVD players and the genetic code of DNA to the physics of the universe at its most fundamental. It has been central to the development of the science of communication, which enables data to be sent electronically and has therefore had a major impact on our lives AI nApr i l 20 02a ne v e ntt oo kpl a cewh i c hd e mo n s t r a t e do n eo ft h ema n ya p p l i c a t i o n s o fi nf or ma t i ont h e or y.Th es p a cep r o b e ,Vo y a g e rI ,l a u n c h e di n1 9 7 7 ,h a ds e n tb a c k s pe ct a cu l a ri ma ge so fJ up i t e ra n dSa t u r na n dt h e ns o a r e do u to ft h eSo l a rSy s t e mo na o ne wa ymi s s i ont ot hes t a r s .Af t e r2 5y e a r so fe x p o s u r et ot h ef r e e z i n gt e mp e r a t u r e s o fd e e ps pa ce ,t hep r ob ewa sbe gi n n i n gt os h o wi t sa g e .Se n s o r sa n dc i r c u i t swe r e o nt heb r i nko ff a i l i nga n dNASAe x p e r t sr e a l i s e dt h a tt h e yh a dt od os o me t h i n go r l os econ t a ctwi t ht h e i rp r o bef o r e v e r .Th es o l u t i o nwa st og e tame s s a g et oVo y a g e r It oi ns t r uc ti tt ou s es p a r e st oc ha ng et h ef a i l i n gp a r t s .Wi t ht h ep r o b e1 2b i l l i o n k i l o me t r e sf r o m Ea r t h,t h i swa sno ta ne a s yt a s k .Byme a n so far a d i od i s hb e l o n g i n g t oNASA’ sDe e pSp a c eNe t wor k,t h eme s s a g ewa ss e n to u ti n t ot h ed e p t h so fs p a c e . Ev e nt r a v e l l i nga tt h es p e e dofl i ght ,i tt o o ko v e r1 1h o u r st or e a c hi t st a r g e t ,f a r b e y o ndt heo r b i tofPl ut o .Ye t ,i nc r e d i b l y ,t h el i t t l ep r o b ema n a g e dt oh e a rt h ef a i n t c a l l f r om i t sh omep l a ne t ,a nds uc c e s s f u l l yma d et h es wi t c h o v e r . BI twa st hel ong e s t di s t a n cer e p a i rj obi nh i s t o r y ,a n dat r i u mp hf o rt h eNASA e ng i ne e r s .Buti ta l s ohi gh l i ght e dt h ea s t o n i s h i n gp o we ro ft h et e c h n i q u e sd e v e l o p e d b yAme r i ca nc ommuni ca t i onse ng i n e e rCl a u d eSh a n n o n ,wh oh a dd i e dj u s tay e a r e a r l i e r .Bor ni n1 91 6i nPe t os ke y,Mi c h i g a n ,Sh a n n o ns h o we da ne a r l yt a l e n tf o r ma t h sa n df orbui l d i ngga d ge t s ,a n dma d eb r e a k t h r o u g h si nt h ef o u n d a t i o n so f c omp ut e rt e c hno l o gywhe ns t i l l as t u d e n t .Wh i l ea tBe l l La b o r a t o r i e s ,Sh a n n o n d e v e l o pe di nf or ma t i o nt he or y,b uts h u n n e dt h er e s u l t i n ga c c l a i m.I nt h e1 9 4 0 s , h es i ngl e ha nd e d l ycr e a t e da ne nt i r es c i e n c eo fc o mmu n i c a t i o nwh i c hh a ss i n c e i nve i gl e di t swa yi n t oaho s to fa pp l i c a t i o n s ,f r o m DVDst os a t e l l i t ec o mmu n i c a t i o n s t oba rco de s–a n ya r e a ,i ns ho r t ,wh e r ed a t ah a st ob ec o n v e y e dr a p i d l yy e t a cc u r a t e l y.

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C Thi sa l l s e e msl i gh tye a r sa wa yf r o mt h ed o wn t o e a r t hu s e sSh a n n o no r i g i n a l l y h a df orh i swo r k ,whi chb e ga nwh e nh ewa sa2 2 y e a r o l dg r a d u a t ee n g i n e e r i n g s t ude n ta tt h ep r e s t i g i o usMa s s a c h u s e t t sI n s t i t u t eo fTe c h n o l o g yi n1 9 3 9 .Hes e to u t wi t ha na pp a r e nt l ys i mpl ea i m:t op i nd o wnt h ep r e c i s eme a n i n go ft h ec o n c e p t o f‘ i nf or ma t i on’ .Themos tba s i cf o r mo fi n f o r ma t i o n ,Sh a n n o na r g u e d ,i swh e t h e r s ome t h i ngi st r u eorf a l s e–whi c hc a nb ec a p t u r e di nt h eb i n a r yu n i t ,o r‘ b i t ’ ,o ft h e f or m 1o r0 .Ha vi ngi de nt i f i e dt h i sf u n d a me n t a l u n i t ,Sh a n n o ns e ta b o u td e f i n i n g o t h e r wi s ev a guei de a sa bou ti nf o r ma t i o na n dh o wt ot r a n s mi ti tf r o mp l a c et op l a c e . I nt hepr o ce s shedi s co ve r e ds o me t h i n gs u r p r i s i n g : i ti sa l wa y sp o s s i b l et og u a r a n t e e i n f o r ma t i o nwi l l ge tt hr oug hr a n d o mi n t e r f e r e n c e–‘ n o i s e ’–i n t a c t . D No i s eus ua l l yme a nsun wa nt e ds o u n d swh i c hi n t e r f e r ewi t hg e n u i n ei n f o r ma t i o n . I nf or ma t i o nt he o r yg e ne r a l i s e st h i si d e av i at h e o r e mst h a tc a p t u r et h ee f f e c t so f n o i s ewi t hma t he ma t i ca lp r e c i s i o n .I np a r t i c u l a r ,Sh a n n o ns h o we dt h a tn o i s es e t s al i mi tont her a t ea twh i chi n f or ma t i o nc a np a s sa l o n gc o mmu n i c a t i o nc h a n n e l s wh i l er e ma i n i nge r r o r f r e e .Thi sr a t ed e p e n d so nt h er e l a t i v es t r e n g t h so ft h es i g n a l a ndno i s et r a ve l l i n gdo wnt h eco mmu n i c a t i o nc h a n n e l ,a n do ni t sc a p a c i t y( i t s ‘ ba ndwi dt h ’ ) .Ther e s u l t i n gl i mi t ,g i v e ni nu n i t so fb i t sp e rs e c o n d ,i st h ea b s o l u t e ma xi mum r a t eofe r r o r f r e ec ommu n i c a t i o ng i v e ns i g n a l s t r e n g t ha n dn o i s el e v e l .Th e t r i c k,Sha n nons howe d,i st of i n dwa y so fp a c k a g i n gu p–‘ c o d i n g ’–i n f o r ma t i o nt o c o pewi t ht her a v a ge sofn oi s e ,wh i l es t a y i n gwi t h i nt h ei n f o r ma t i o n c a r r y i n gc a p a c i t y –‘ b a ndwi d t h’–oft h ecommun i c a t i o ns y s t e mb e i n gu s e d . E Ove rt heye a r ss c i e n t i s t sha ved e v i s e dma n ys u c hc o d i n gme t h o d s ,a n dt h e yh a v e p r o ve dc r u ci a l i nma nyt e c hn ol o gi c a l f e a t s .Th eVo y a g e rs p a c e c r a f tt r a n s mi t t e d d a t au s i n gc ode swh i c ha dd e don ee x t r ab i tf o re v e r ys i n g l eb i to fi n f o r ma t i o n ;t h e r e s ul twa sa ne r r orr a t eofj us to n eb i ti n1 0 , 0 0 0–a n ds t u n n i n g l yc l e a rp i c t u r e so f t h epl a ne t s .Ot h e rco de sha v eb e c o mep a r to fe v e r y d a yl i f e–s u c ha st h eUn i v e r s a l Pr odu c tCod e ,o rba rco de ,whi c hu s e sas i mp l ee r r o r d e t e c t i n gs y s t e mt h a te n s u r e s s upe r ma r k e tc he c ko utl a s e r sc a nr e a dt h ep r i c ee v e no n ,s a y ,ac r u mp l e db a go f c r i s ps .Asr e ce nt l ya s199 3,e ng i n e e r sma d eama j o rb r e a k t h r o u g hb yd i s c o v e r i n g s oca l l e dt ur boc ode s–whi chc omev e r yc l o s et oSh a n n o n ’ su l t i ma t el i mi tf o rt h e ma xi mum r a t et ha tda t aca nbet r a n s mi t t e dr e l i a b l y ,a n dn o wp l a yak e yr o l ei nt h e mo bi l evi d e oph on er e vo l ut i on . F Sh a n n ona l s ol a i dt hef o un da t i o nso fmo r ee f f i c i e n twa y so fs t o r i n gi n f o r ma t i o n ,b y s t r i ppi n go uts up e r f l uo us( ‘ r e du n d a n t ’ )b i t sf r o md a t awh i c hc o n t r i b u t e dl i t t l er e a l i n f o r ma t i o n.Asmobi l eph on et e x tme s s a g e sl i k e‘ ICNCU’s h o w,i ti so f t e np o s s i b l e t ol e a v eo utal o tofd a t awi t h ou tl o s i n gmu c hme a n i n g .Aswi t he r r o rc o r r e c t i o n , h o we v e r ,t h e r e ’ sal i mi tbe yo ndwh i c hme s s a g e sb e c o met o oa mb i g u o u s .Sh a n n o n s howe dho wt oc a l cu l a t et hi sl i mi t ,o p e n i n gt h ewa yt ot h ed e s i g no fc o mp r e s s i o n me t hod st ha tcr a m ma x i mu mi n f o r ma t i o ni n t ot h emi n i mu ms p a c e .

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Reading

Questions 27–32 Re a d i ngPa s s a g e3ha ss i xpa r a gr a p hs ,A–F. Wh i c hp a r a g r a p hc ont a i nst hef o l l owi ngi n f o r ma t i o n ? Write the correct letter, A–F, in boxes 27–32 on your answer sheet. 27 a ne x pl a n a t i onoft h ef a ct o r sa f f e ct i n gt h et r a n s mi s s i o no fi n f o r ma t i o n 28 a ne x a mp l eo fh ow u nne c e s s a r yi nf o r ma t i o nc a nb eo mi t t e d 29 ar e f e r e nc et oSha nn on’ sa t t i t ud et of a me 30 de t a i l sofama chi nec a p a bl eo fi nt e r p r e t i n gi n c o mp l e t ei n f o r ma t i o n 31 ade t a i l e da cc ou ntofa ni n ci de nti nv o l v i n gi n f o r ma t i o nt h e o r y 32 ar e f e r e nc et owha tSha n no ni n i t i a l l yi n t e n d e dt oa c h i e v ei nh i sr e s e a r c h

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Test 3

Questions 33–37 Complete the notes below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 33–37 on your answer sheet.

TheVoy a g e r1Spa c ePr ob e a n d

•Thepr obet r a ns mi t t e dpi ct ur e sofb o t h33 t h e34

,t h e nl e f t

.

•Thef r e e z i ngt e mpe r a t u r e swe r ef o u n dt oh a v ean e g a t i v ee f f e c to np a r t so ft h e s pa cepr ob e . •Sc i e n t i s t sf e a r e dt h a tbot ht he35

a n d

we r ea b o u tt os t o pwo r ki n g.

•Theon l yhop ewa st ot e l l t hepr obet or e p l a c et h e m wi t h36 ma dec ommuni ca t i o nwi t ht h ep r o b ed i f f i c u l t . •A37

–b u td i s t a n c e

wa sus e dt ot r a n s mi tt h eme s s a g ea tt h es p e e do fl i g h t .

•Theme s s a gewa sp i c ke du pbyt hep r o b ea n dt h es wi t c h o v e rt o o kp l a c e .

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Page 75 Reading

Questions 38–40 Dot h ef ol l owi n gs t a t e me nt sa g r e ewi t ht h ei n f o r ma t i o ng i v e ni nRe a d i n gPa s s a g e3 ? In boxes 38–40 on your answer sheet, write TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN

if the statement agrees with the information if the statement contradicts the information if there is no information on this

38 Theconc e pto fde s c r i bi n gs ome t hi n ga st r u eo rf a l s ewa st h es t a r t i n gp o i n tf o r Sha nn oni nh i sa t t e mpt st os e ndme s s a g e so v e rd i s t a n c e s . 39 Thea mou ntofi nf or ma t i o nt ha tc a nb es e n ti nag i v e nt i mep e r i o di sd e t e r mi n e d wi t hr e f e r e ncet ot hes i g na ls t r e n g t ha n dn o i s el e v e l . 40 Pr od u ct sh a ven ow b e e nde ve l op e dwh i c hc a nc o n v e ymo r ei n f o r ma t i o nt h a n Sha nn onh a da nt i ci pa t e da spo s s i b l e .

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Page 76 Test 3

WRITING

WRITING TASK 1 Yous h o ul ds p e nda b out2 0mi nu t e so nt h i st a s k .

The charts below give information on the ages of the populations of Yemen and Italy in 2000 and projections for 2050. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Wr i t ea tl e a s t1 50wor ds .

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WRITING TASK 2 Yo us h oul ds pe n da bo ut40mi nut e sont h i st a s k . Wr i t ea b outt hef ol l owi n gt op i c :

Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. Gi v er e a s o nsf oryou ra n s we ra ndi n cl u d ea n yr e l e v a n te x a mp l e sf r o my o u ro wn kn owl e d geo re x pe r i e nc e . Wr i t ea tl e a s t25 0wo r d s .

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SPEAKING PART 1 Thee x a mi n e ra s kst heca n di da t ea bo u th i m/ h e r s e l f ,h i s / h e rh o me ,wo r ko rs t u d i e sa n d o t he rf a mi l i a rt op i cs . EXAMPLE Telephoning

•How of t e nd oyo uma k et e l e ph onec a l l s ?[ Wh y / Wh yn o t ? ] •Whodoyouspendmostt i met a l ki n gt oo nt h et e l e p h o n e ?[ Wh y ? ] •Whendoyout hi nkyou ’ l lne x tma k eat e l e p h o n ec a l l ?[ Wh y ? ] •Doyous ome t i me spr e f e rt os e n dat e x tme s s a g ei n s t e a do ft e l e p h o n i n g ?[ Wh y / Wh yn o t ? ]

PART 2 Describe a journey [e.g. by car, plane, boat] that you remember well. You should say: where you went how you travelled why you went on the journey and explain why you remember this journey well.

Yo uwi l l h a v et ot a l ka b o u tt h et o p i c f o ro n et ot womi n u t e s .Yo uh a v eo n e mi n u t et ot h i n ka b o u twh a ty o ua r e g o i n gt os a y .Yo uc a nma k es o me n o t e st oh e l py o ui fy o uwi s h .

PART 3 Discussion topics: Reasons for daily travel Example questions: Whydope opl ene e dt ot r a ve le v e r yd a y ? Wha tpr obl e msc a npe op l eh a v ewhe nt h e ya r eo nt h e i rd a i l yj o u r n e yt owo r ko rs c h o o l f ore xa mp l e ?Wh yi st hi s ? So mep e op l es a yt h a tda i l yj our ne ysl i k et h e s ewi l l n o tb es oc o mmo ni nt h ef u t u r e .Do y oua gr e eo rdi s a gr e e ?Wh y? Benefits of international travel Example questions: Wha tdoy o ut hi nkp e opl eca nl e a r nf r o mt r a v e l l i n gt oo t h e rc o u n t r i e s ?Wh y ? Ca nt r a v e lma k eap os i t i ved i f f e r e nc et ot h ee c o n o myo fac o u n t r y ?Ho w? Doy o ut hi n kas oc i e t yc a nb e n e f i ti fi t sme mb e r sh a v ee x p e r i e n c eo ft r a v e l l i n gt oo t h e r c oun t r i e s ?I nwha twa ys ? 80/120

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Te s t4 LISTENING

SECTION 1 Questions 1–10 Questions 1–4 Complete the table below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Health Centres Name of centre TheHa r ve yCl i ni c

Doctor’s name Example Dr

The2

Advantage e s p e c i a l l yg o o dwi t h1

Gr e e n

DrFu l l e r

o f f e r s3

a p p o i n t me n t s

He a l t hPr a ct i c e TheShor eLa ne

Dr4

He a l t hCe nt r e

Questions 5–6 Choose TWO letters, A–E. Wh i c hTWO oft hef o l l owi nga r eof f e r e df r e eo fc h a r g ea tSh o r eLa n eHe a l t hCe n t r e ? Aa cup unc t ur e Be mpl oy me ntme di c a l s Cs por t si nj ur yt he r a p y Dt r a v e la d vi ce E va cc i na t i ons

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Questions 7–10 Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Talks for patients at Shore Lane Health Centre Subject of talk

Date/Time

Location

Gi vi n gup

25 t h

s mok i n g

Fe br u a r ya t

a s t h mao r7

7p m

p r o b l e ms

He a l t hye a t i n g

r o o m4

Notes

1stMa r c ha t

t h e8

5p m

( Sh o r eLa n e )

Avo i di ngi n j u r i e s

9thMa r c ha t

r o o m6

du r i nge xe r ci s e

9

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u s e f u l f o rp e o p l ewi t h

a n y o n ewe l c o me

f o ra l l 10

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SECTION 2 Questions 11–20 Questions 11–13 Label the diagram below. Choose THREE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A–E, next to questions 11–13.

Ae l e c t r i c i t yi n d i c a t o r Bo n / o f fs wi t c h Cr e s e tb u t t o n Dt i mec o n t r o l E wa r n i n gi n d i c a t o r

Water Heater

central heating radiators hot water

11

13 12

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Questions 14–18 Whe r ec a ne a choft h ef ol l o wi n gi t e msb ef o u n d ? Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A–G, next to questions 14–18.

Locations Ai nb o xo nwa s h i n gma c h i n e Bi nc u p b o a r do nl a n d i n g Ci nc h e s to fd r a we r s Dn e x tt owi n d o wi nl i v i n gr o o m Eo ns h e l fb yb a c kd o o r F

o nt o po ft e l e v i s i o n

Gu n d e rk i t c h e ns i n k 14 pi l l ows 15 wa s h i n gpo wde r 16 ke y 17 l i g htbul bs 18 ma p

Questions 19 and 20 Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Thebe s tp l a c et opa r ki nt o wn–n e x tt ot h es t a t i o n Ph o nen umbe rf ort a k e a wa yp i z z a s–19 Ra i l wa ymus e um cl os e don20

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SECTION 3 Questions 21 – 30 Questions 21 and 22 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. 21 I nh e rhomec oun t r y ,Ki r aha d Ac ompl e t e dac ou r s e . Bd onet woye a r sofacou r s e . Cf oun dh e rco ur s ed i f f i cul t . 22 Tos ucce e dwi t ha s s i gn me n t s ,Ki r ah a dt o Ar e a df a s t e r . B wr i t ef a s t e r . Cc ha n gehe rwa yoft hi nki ng .

Questions 23–25 Complete the sentences below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. 23 Ki r as a yst ha tl e ct ur e r sa r ee a s i e rt o cou nt r y . 24 Pa uls ugge s t st h a tKi r ama ybemor e be f o r e .

t h a nt h o s ei nh e rh o me

t h a nwh e ns h ewa ss t u d y i n g

25 Ki r as a yst ha ts t ud e nt swa n tt odi s c us st h i n g st h a two r r yt h e mo rt h a t t he mv e r ymuc h .

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Questions 26–30 Answer the questions below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. 26 How di dt h es t u de n t sd ot he i rpr a ct i c a l s e s s i o n s ?

27 I nt hes e co nds e me s t e rhow of t e nd i dKi r awo r ki nah o s p i t a l ?

28 How mu chf u l l t i mewor kdi dKi r ad od u r i n gt h ey e a r ?

29 Ha v i ngco mp l e t e dt hey e a r ,ho wd o e sKi r af e e l ?

30 I na d di t i ont ot h el a ng ua g e ,wha tdoo v e r s e a ss t u d e n t sn e e dt ob e c o mef a mi l i a r wi t h?

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SECTION 4 Questions 31–40 Questions 31–36 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Wildlife in city gardens 31 Wha tl e dt heg r ou pt oc ho os et he i rt o p i c ? A The ywe r eco nc e r ne da b ou tt h ed e c l i n eo fo n es p e c i e s . B The ywe r ei nt e r e s t e di nt h ee f f e c t so fc i t yg r o wt h . C The ywa nt e dt oi nv e s t i ga t ear e c e n tp h e n o me n o n . 32 Thee x a ctpr op or t i onofl a ndd e vot e dt op r i v a t eg a r d e n swa sc o n f i r me db y Ac on s ul t i ngs o meof f i ci a l do cu me n t s . Bt a ki n gl a r g e s ca l ep ho t os . Cd i s cu s s i o nswi t ht owns ur ve yo r s . 33 Thegr oupa s k e dga r de no wne r st o At a kepa r ti nf o r ma l i n t e r vi e ws . Bk e e par e cor do fa ni ma l st h e ys a w. Cg e ti nc on t a c twhe nt he ys a w ar a r es p e c i e s . 34 Thegr oupma det he i rob s e r va t i onsi ng a r d e n s A whi chh a dal a r genu mbe rofa n i ma l s p e c i e s . B whi c ht he yc on s i de r e dt ob er e p r e s e n t a t i v e . C whi chh a ds t a bl ep op ul a t i on so fr a r ea n i ma l s . 35 Thegr oupd i de xt e ns i ver e a di ngon A wi l dl i f ep r ob l e msi nr ur a l a r e a s . Bu r ba na n i ma l po pul a t i o ns . Cc ur r e ntg a r de n i n gpr a ct i c e s . 36 Thes p e a k e rf oc us e sont h r e ea ni ma l s p e c i e sb e c a u s e A al otofda t aha sbe e nobt a i ne da b o u tt h e m. Bt h eg r ou pwe r emos ti nt e r e s t e di nt h e m. file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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Questions 37–40 Complete the table below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Animals

Reason for population

Comments

increase in gardens 37

s ui t a b l es t r e t c h e so fwa t e r

ma s s i v ei n c r e a s ei n u r b a np o p u l a t i o n

He d ge h o gs

So n gt hr us he s

s a f e rf r o m 38

e a s yt o39

wh e ni nc i t i e s

t h e ma c c u r a t e l y

–av a r i e t yo f40

l a r g es u r v e ys t a r t i n gs o o n

t oe a t –mo r en e s t i n gp l a c e s a va i l a b l e

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READING

READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1–13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

The life and work of Marie Curie Ma r i eCu r i ei sp r o b a b l yt h emo s tf a mo u swo ma n s c i e n t i s twh oh a se v e rl i v e d .Bo r nMa r i aSk l o d o ws k a i nPo l a n di n1 8 6 7 , s h ei sf a mo u sf o rh e rwo r ko n r a d i o a c t i v i t y , a n dwa st wi c eawi n n e ro ft h eNo b e l Pr i z e .Wi t hh e rh u s b a n d , Pi e r r eCu r i e , a n dHe n r i Be c q u e r e l , s h ewa sa wa r d e dt h e1 9 0 3No b e l Pr i z ef o r Ph y s i c s , a n dwa st h e ns o l ewi n n e ro ft h e1 9 1 1No b e l Pr i z ef o rCh e mi s t r y .Sh ewa st h ef i r s two ma nt owi na No b e l Pr i z e . Fr o mc h i l d h o o d , Ma r i ewa sr e ma r k a b l ef o rh e r p r o d i g i o u sme mo r y , a n da tt h ea g eo f1 6wo nag o l d me d a l o nc o mp l e t i o no fh e rs e c o n d a r ye d u c a t i o n .Be c a u s eh e rf a t h e rl o s th i ss a v i n g st h r o u g h b a di n v e s t me n t , s h et h e nh a dt ot a k ewo r ka sat e a c h e r .Fr o mh e re a r n i n g ss h ewa sa b l et o f i n a n c eh e rs i s t e rBr o n i a ’ sme d i c a l s t u d i e si nPa r i s , o nt h eu n d e r s t a n d i n gt h a tBr o n i awo u l d , i n t u r n , l a t e rh e l ph e rt og e ta ne d u c a t i o n . I n1 8 9 1t h i sp r o mi s ewa sf u l f i l l e da n dMa r i ewe n tt oPa r i sa n db e g a nt os t u d ya tt h e So r b o n n e( t h eUn i v e r s i t yo fPa r i s ) .Sh eo f t e nwo r k e df a ri n t ot h en i g h ta n dl i v e do nl i t t l emo r e t h a nb r e a da n db u t t e ra n dt e a .Sh ec a mef i r s ti nt h ee x a mi n a t i o ni nt h ep h y s i c a l s c i e n c e si n 1 8 9 3 , a n di n1 8 9 4wa sp l a c e ds e c o n di nt h ee x a mi n a t i o ni nma t h e ma t i c a l s c i e n c e s .I twa sn o t u n t i l t h es p r i n go ft h a ty e a rt h a ts h ewa si n t r o d u c e dt oPi e r r eCu r i e . Th e i rma r r i a g ei n1 8 9 5ma r k e dt h es t a r to fap a r t n e r s h i pt h a twa ss o o nt oa c h i e v er e s u l t so f file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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wo r l ds i g n i f i c a n c e .Fo l l o wi n gHe n r i Be c q u e r e l ’ sd i s c o v e r yi n1 8 9 6o fan e wp h e n o me n o n , wh i c h Ma r i el a t e rc a l l e d‘ r a d i o a c t i v i t y ’ , Ma r i eCu r i ed e c i d e dt of i n do u ti ft h er a d i o a c t i v i t yd i s c o v e r e d i nu r a n i u mwa st ob ef o u n di no t h e re l e me n t s .Sh ed i s c o v e r e dt h a tt h i swa st r u ef o rt h o r i u m. Tu r n i n gh e ra t t e n t i o nt omi n e r a l s , s h ef o u n dh e ri n t e r e s td r a wnt op i t c h b l e n d e , ami n e r a l wh o s er a d i o a c t i v i t y , s u p e r i o rt ot h a to fp u r eu r a n i u m, c o u l db ee x p l a i n e do n l yb yt h ep r e s e n c e i nt h eo r eo fs ma l l q u a n t i t i e so fa nu n k n o wns u b s t a n c eo fv e r yh i g ha c t i v i t y .Pi e r r eCu r i ej o i n e d h e ri nt h ewo r kt h a ts h eh a du n d e r t a k e nt or e s o l v et h i sp r o b l e m, a n dt h a tl e dt ot h ed i s c o v e r y o ft h en e we l e me n t s , p o l o n i u ma n dr a d i u m.Wh i l ePi e r r eCu r i ed e v o t e dh i ms e l fc h i e f l yt o t h ep h y s i c a l s t u d yo ft h en e wr a d i a t i o n s , Ma r i eCu r i es t r u g g l e dt oo b t a i np u r er a d i u mi nt h e me t a l l i cs t a t e .Th i swa sa c h i e v e dwi t ht h eh e l po ft h ec h e mi s tAn d r é Lo u i sDe b i e r n e , o n eo f 8 7

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Pi e r r eCu r i e ’ sp u p i l s .Ba s e do nt h er e s u l t so ft h i sr e s e a r c h , Ma r i eCu r i er e c e i v e dh e rDo c t o r a t e o fSc i e n c e , a n di n1 9 0 3Ma r i ea n dPi e r r es h a r e dwi t hBe c q u e r e l t h eNo b e l Pr i z ef o rPh y s i c sf o r t h ed i s c o v e r yo fr a d i o a c t i v i t y . Th eb i r t h so fMa r i e ’ st wod a u g h t e r s , I r è n ea n dEv e , i n1 8 9 7a n d1 9 0 4f a i l e dt oi n t e r r u p t h e rs c i e n t i f i cwo r k .Sh ewa sa p p o i n t e dl e c t u r e ri np h y s i c sa tt h eÉc o l eNo r ma l eSu p é r i e u r ef o r g i r l si nSè v r e s , Fr a n c e( 1 9 0 0 ) , a n di n t r o d u c e dame t h o do ft e a c h i n gb a s e do ne x p e r i me n t a l d e mo n s t r a t i o n s .I nDe c e mb e r1 9 0 4s h ewa sa p p o i n t e dc h i e fa s s i s t a n ti nt h el a b o r a t o r yd i r e c t e d b yPi e r r eCu r i e . Th es u d d e nd e a t ho fh e rh u s b a n di n1 9 0 6wa sab i t t e rb l o wt oMa r i eCu r i e , b u twa sa l s oa t u r n i n gp o i n ti nh e rc a r e e r : h e n c e f o r t hs h ewa st od e v o t ea l l h e re n e r g yt oc o mp l e t i n ga l o n e t h es c i e n t i f i cwo r kt h a tt h e yh a du n d e r t a k e n .OnMa y1 3 , 1 9 0 6 , s h ewa sa p p o i n t e dt ot h e p r o f e s s o r s h i pt h a th a db e e nl e f tv a c a n to nh e rh u s b a n d ’ sd e a t h , b e c o mi n gt h ef i r s two ma nt o t e a c ha tt h eSo r b o n n e .I n1 9 1 1s h ewa sa wa r d e dt h eNo b e l Pr i z ef o rCh e mi s t r yf o rt h ei s o l a t i o n o fap u r ef o r mo fr a d i u m. Du r i n gWo r l dWa rI , Ma r i eCu r i e , wi t ht h eh e l po fh e rd a u g h t e rI r è n e , d e v o t e dh e r s e l ft ot h e d e v e l o p me n to ft h eu s eo fXr a d i o g r a p h y , i n c l u d i n gt h emo b i l eu n i t swh i c hc a met ob ek n o wn a s‘ Li t t l eCu r i e s ’ , u s e df o rt h et r e a t me n to fwo u n d e ds o l d i e r s .I n1 9 1 8t h eRa d i u mI n s t i t u t e , wh o s es t a f fI r è n eh a dj o i n e d , b e g a nt oo p e r a t ei ne a r n e s t , a n db e c a meac e n t r ef o rn u c l e a r p h y s i c sa n dc h e mi s t r y .Ma r i eCu r i e , n o wa tt h eh i g h e s tp o i n to fh e rf a mea n d , f r o m1 9 2 2 , a me mb e ro ft h eAc a d e myo fMe d i c i n e , r e s e a r c h e dt h ec h e mi s t r yo fr a d i o a c t i v es u b s t a n c e sa n d t h e i rme d i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s . I n1 9 2 1 , a c c o mp a n i e db yh e rt wod a u g h t e r s , Ma r i eCu r i ema d eat r i u mp h a n t j o u r n e yt ot h e Un i t e dSt a t e st or a i s ef u n d sf o rr e s e a r c ho nr a d i u m.Wo me nt h e r ep r e s e n t e dh e rwi t hag r a mo f r a d i u mf o rh e rc a mp a i g n .Ma r i ea l s og a v el e c t u r e si nBe l g i u m, Br a z i l , Sp a i na n dCz e c h o s l o v a k i a a n d , i na d d i t i o n , h a dt h es a t i s f a c t i o no fs e e i n gt h ed e v e l o p me n to ft h eCu r i eFo u n d a t i o ni n Pa r i s , a n dt h ei n a u g u r a t i o ni n1 9 3 2i nWa r s a wo ft h eRa d i u mI n s t i t u t e , wh e r eh e rs i s t e rBr o n i a b e c a med i r e c t o r . On eo fMa r i eCu r i e ’ so u t s t a n d i n ga c h i e v e me n t swa st oh a v eu n d e r s t o o dt h en e e dt o a c c u mu l a t ei n t e n s er a d i o a c t i v es o u r c e s , n o to n l yt ot r e a ti l l n e s sb u ta l s ot oma i n t a i na n a b u n d a n ts u p p l yf o rr e s e a r c h .Th ee x i s t e n c ei nPa r i sa tt h eRa d i u mI n s t i t u t eo fas t o c ko f1 . 5 g r a mso fr a d i u mma d ead e c i s i v ec o n t r i b u t i o nt ot h es u c c e s so ft h ee x p e r i me n t su n d e r t a k e n file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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i nt h ey e a r sa r o u n d1 9 3 0 .Th i swo r kp r e p a r e dt h ewa yf o rt h ed i s c o v e r yo ft h en e u t r o nb y Si rJ a me sCh a d wi c ka n d , a b o v ea l l , f o rt h ed i s c o v e r yi n1 9 3 4b yI r è n ea n dFr é d é r i cJ o l i o t Cu r i eo fa r t i f i c i a l r a d i o a c t i v i t y .Af e wmo n t h sa f t e rt h i sd i s c o v e r y , Ma r i eCu r i ed i e da sar e s u l t o fl e u k a e mi ac a u s e db ye x p o s u r et or a d i a t i o n .Sh eh a do f t e nc a r r i e dt e s tt u b e sc o n t a i n i n g r a d i o a c t i v ei s o t o p e si nh e rp o c k e t , r e ma r k i n go nt h ep r e t t yb l u e g r e e nl i g h tt h e yg a v eo f f . He rc o n t r i b u t i o nt op h y s i c sh a db e e ni mme n s e , n o to n l yi nh e ro wnwo r k , t h ei mp o r t a n c e o fwh i c hh a db e e nd e mo n s t r a t e db yh e rt woNo b e l Pr i z e s , b u tb e c a u s eo fh e ri n f l u e n c eo n s u b s e q u e n tg e n e r a t i o n so fn u c l e a rp h y s i c i s t sa n dc h e mi s t s .

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Questions 1–6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1–6 on your answer sheet, write TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN

i ft h es t a t e me n ta g r e e swi t ht h ei n f o r ma t i o n i ft h es t a t e me n tc o n t r a d i c t st h ei n f o r ma t i o n i ft h e r ei sn oi n f o r ma t i o no nt h i s

1

Ma r i eCu r i e ’ shu s ba ndwa saj oi n twi n n e ro fb o t hMa r i e ’ sNo b e l Pr i z e s .

2

Ma r i eb e c a mei n t e r e s t e di ns ci e n cewh e ns h ewa sac h i l d .

3

Ma r i ewa sa bl et oa t t e ndt h eSor b o n n eb e c a u s eo fh e rs i s t e r ’ sf i n a n c i a l con t r i b ut i on .

4

Ma r i es t op pe dd oi ngr e s e a r chf ors e v e r a l y e a r swh e nh e rc h i l d r e nwe r eb o r n .

5

Ma r i et oo ko ve rt h et e a c hi n gpo s i t i o nh e rh u s b a n dh a dh e l d .

6

Ma r i e ’ ss i s t e rBr o ni as t u di e dt heme d i c a l u s e so fr a d i o a c t i v i t y .

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Questions 7–13 Complete the notes below. Choose ONE WORD from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 7–13 on your answer sheet.

Marie Curie’s research on radioactivity •Whe nur a ni um wa sd i s co ve r e dt ob er a d i o a c t i v e ,Ma r i eCu r i ef o u n dt h a tt h e h a dt h es a mep r o p e r t y .

e l e me ntca l l e d7

•Ma r i ea n dPi e r r eCu r i e ’ sr e s e a r c hi n t ot h er a d i o a c t i v i t yo ft h emi n e r a l k n o wn l e dt ot hed i s c o v e r yo ft won e we l e me n t s .

a s8

•I n191 1,Ma r i eCur i er e ce i v e dr e c o g n i t i o nf o rh e rwo r ko nt h ee l e me n t 9

.

•Ma r i ea n dI r è neCu r i ede ve l ope dXr a d i o g r a p h ywh i c hwa su s e da same d i c a l t e c hni qu ef or10

.

•Ma r i eCur i es a wt hei mpo r t a nc eo fc o l l e c t i n gr a d i o a c t i v ema t e r i a l b o t hf o r r e s e a r cha n df orc a s e so f11

.

•Ther a di oa c t i vema t e r i a ls t o cke di nPa r i sc o n t r i b u t e dt ot h ed i s c o v e r i e si nt h e 1930 soft h e12 file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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•Du r i n ghe rr e s e a r ch ,Ma r i eCu r i ewa se x p o s e dt or a d i a t i o na n da sar e s u l ts h e s uf f e r e df r om 13

.

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READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

Young children’s sense of identity A As e ns eofs e l fde ve l opsi ny oun gch i l d r e nb yd e g r e e s .Th ep r o c e s sc a nu s e f u l l yb e t h o ughto fi nt e r mso ft h eg r a du a l e me r g e n c eo ft wos o me wh a ts e p a r a t ef e a t u r e s : t h eself as a subject,a n dt heself as an object.Wi l l i a mJ a me si n t r o d u c e dt h ed i s t i n c t i o n i n1892 ,a ndcon t e mpo r a r i e sofh i s ,s u c ha sCh a r l e sCo o l e y ,a d d e dt ot h ed e v e l o p i n g d e ba t e .Eve rs i nc et h e np s y ch ol o gi s t sh a v ec o n t i n u e db u i l d i n go nt h et h e o r y . B Acc or di ngt oJ a me s ,ach i l d’ sf i r s ts t e po nt h er o a dt os e l f u n d e r s t a n d i n gc a n b es e e na st her e c ogn i t i ont h a th eo rs h ee x i s t s .Th i si sa na s p e c to ft h es e l ft h a t h el a be l l e d‘ s e l f a s s u bj e ct ’ ,a ndheg a v ei tv a r i o u se l e me n t s .Th e s ei n c l u d e da n a wa r e n e s so fon e ’ sowna ge n cy( i . e .o n e ’ sp o we rt oa c t ) ,a n da na wa r e n e s so fo n e ’ s d i s t i nc t i ve n e s sf r o m ot h e rpe o pl e .Th e s ef e a t u r e sg r a d u a l l ye me r g ea si n f a n t s e xpl or et h e i rwor l da n di nt e r a c twi t hc a r e g i v e r s .Co o l e y( 1 9 0 2 )s u g g e s t e dt h a ta s e n s eo ft h es e l f a s s ub j e ctwa sp r i ma r i l yc o n c e r n e dwi t hb e i n ga b l et oe x e r c i s e p o we r .Hep r op os e dt h a tt h ee a r l i e s te x a mp l e so ft h i sa r ea ni n f a n t ’ sa t t e mp t st o c o nt r o lph ys i ca lo bj e c t s ,s u cha st o y so rh i so rh e ro wnl i mb s .Th i si sf o l l o we db y a t t e mp t st oa f f e ctt heb e ha vi ouro fo t h e rp e o p l e .Fo re x a mp l e ,i n f a n t sl e a r nt h a t wh e nt h e yc r yo rs mi l es ome oner e s p o n d st ot h e m. C An ot h e rpo we r f uls o ur ceofi nf or ma t i o nf o ri n f a n t sa b o u tt h ee f f e c t st h e yc a n h a veo nt hewo r l da r o un dt he mi sp r o v i d e dwh e no t h e r smi mi ct h e m.Ma n y p a r e nt ss p e ndal otoft i me ,p a r t i c u l a r l yi nt h ee a r l ymo n t h s ,c o p y i n gt h e i ri n f a n t ’ s

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v o ca l i z a t i on sa n de xp r e s s i o ns .I na d d i t i o n ,y o u n gc h i l d r e ne n j o yl o o k i n gi nmi r r o r s , wh e r et hemov e me nt st h e yca ns e ea r ed e p e n d e n tu p o nt h e i ro wnmo v e me n t s . Thi si sno tt os a yt ha ti nf a n t sr e c o g n i z et h er e f l e c t i o na st h e i rown i ma g e( al a t e r d e ve l op me nt ) .Howe v e r ,Le wi sa n dBr o o k s Gu n n( 1 9 7 9 )s u g g e s tt h a ti n f a n t s ’ d e ve l op i ngund e r s t a nd i n gt ha tt h emo v e me n t st h e ys e ei nt h emi r r o ra r ec o n t i n g e n t o nt he i ro wn ,l e a dst oagr owi nga wa r e n e s st h a tt h e ya r ed i s t i n c tf r o mo t h e rp e o p l e . Thi si sbe c a us et he y,a n don l yt h e y ,c a nc h a n g et h er e f l e c t i o ni nt h emi r r o r . D Th i sun de r s t a n di ngt h a tc hi l dr e ng a i no ft h e ms e l v e sa sa c t i v ea g e n t sc o n t i n u e s t od e ve l opi nt h e i ra t t e mpt st oco o p e r a t ewi t ho t h e r si np l a y .Du n n( 1 9 8 8 )p o i n t s o u tt ha ti ti si ns uc hda y t oda yr e l a t i o n s h i p sa n di n t e r a c t i o n st h a tt h ec h i l d ’ s u n de r s t a nd i n gofhi s -orhe r s e l fe me r g e s .Emp i r i c a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n so ft h es e l f a s s ubj e cti nyo ungchi l d r e na r e ,howe v e r ,r a t h e rs c a r c eb e c a u s eo fd i f f i c u l t i e so f c o mmu ni c a t i on :e v e ni fyou ngi nf a n t sc a nr e f l e c to nt h e i re x p e r i e n c e ,t h e yc e r t a i n l y c a nn ote xp r e s st hi sa s p e ctoft hes e l fd i r e c t l y . 9 1

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E Onc echi l dr e nha vea cq ui r e dac e r t a i nl e v e l o fs e l f a wa r e n e s s ,t h e yb e g i nt o pl a cet he ms e l ve si nawho l es e r i e so fc a t e g o r i e s ,wh i c ht o g e t h e rp l a ys u c ha n i mpo r t a ntpa r ti nd e f i ni ngt h e mu n i q u e l ya s‘ t h e ms e l v e s ’ .Th i ss e c o n ds t e pi nt h e de ve l op me nto faf u l l s e n s eofs e l fi swh a tJ a me sc a l l e dt h e‘ s e l f a s o b j e c t ’ .Th i sh a s be e ns e e nbyma nyt obet hea s p e c to ft h es e l fwh i c hi smo s ti n f l u e n c e db ys o c i a l e l e me nt s ,s i nc ei ti sma d eupo fs o c i a l r o l e s( s u c ha ss t u d e n t ,b r o t h e r ,c o l l e a g u e )a n d ch a r a ct e r i s t i c swhi chde r i vet h e i rme a n i n gf r o mc o mp a r i s o no ri n t e r a c t i o nwi t h ot he rpe o pl e( s ucha st r us t wo r t h i n e s s ,s h y n e s s ,s p o r t i n ga b i l i t y ) . F Co o l e ya ndot h e rr e s e a r c he r ss u gg e s t e dac l o s ec o n n e c t i o nb e t we e nap e r s o n ’ so wn un de r s t a n di n go ft he i ri d e nt i t ya n do t h e rp e o p l e ’ su n d e r s t a n d i n go fi t .Co o l e y be l i e v e dt ha tpe o pl eb ui l du pt h e i rs e n s eo fi d e n t i t yf r o mt h er e a c t i o n so fo t h e r s t ot he m,a ndf r o mt hevi e wt h e yb e l i e v eo t h e r sh a v eo ft h e m.Hec a l l e dt h es e l f a s o bj e c tt he‘ l ook i n ggl a s ss e l f ’ ,s i n c ep e o p l ec o met os e et h e ms e l v e sa st h e ya r e r e f l e c t e di no t he r s .Me a d( 193 4 )we n te v e nf u r t h e r ,a n ds a wt h es e l fa n dt h es o c i a l wor l da si n e x t r i ca bl yb oun dt og e t h e r : ‘ Th es e l fi se s s e n t i a l l yas o c i a l s t r u c t u r e ,a n d i ta r i s e si ns o ci a le xp e r i e n ce… i ti si mp o s s i b l et oc o n c e i v eo fas e l fa r i s i n go u t s i d e ofs o ci a le xp e r i e nce . ’ G Le wi sa ndBr ook s Gun na r g ue dt h a ta ni mp o r t a n td e v e l o p me n t a l mi l e s t o n ei s r e a c he dwhe nc hi l dr e nbe c omea b l et or e c o g n i z et h e ms e l v e sv i s u a l l ywi t h o u tt h e s u ppor tofs e e i ngc on t i ng e ntmo v e me n t .Th i sr e c o g n i t i o no c c u r sa r o u n dt h e i r s e con db i r t hda y .I no nee xp e r i me n t ,Le wi sa n dBr o o k s Gu n n( 1 9 7 9 )d a b b e ds o me r e dp owde ro nt hen os e sofch i l d r e nwh owe r ep l a y i n gi nf r o n to fami r r o r ,a n dt h e n ob s e r ve dhow of t e nt he yt o uc h e dt h e i rn o s e s .Th ep s y c h o l o g i s t sr e a s o n e dt h a ti f t hec hi l dr e nkn e w wh a tt h e yus u a l l yl o o k e dl i k e ,t h e ywo u l db es u r p r i s e db yt h e un us ua l r e dma r ka n dwo ul ds t a r tt o u c h i n gi t .Ont h eo t h e rh a n d ,t h e yf o u n dt h a t file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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ch i l dr e nof1 5t o1 8mont h sa r eg e n e r a l l yn o ta b l et or e c o g n i z et h e ms e l v e su n l e s s ot he rcu e ss u cha smove me nta r ep r e s e n t . H Fi n a l l y,p e r ha p st h emos tgr a ph i ce x p r e s s i o n so fs e l f a wa r e n e s si ng e n e r a l c a n bes e e ni nt hed i s pl a ysofr a gewh i c ha r emo s tc o mmo nf r o m1 8mo n t h st o3 ye a r so fa g e .I nal o ng i t ud i n a l s t u d yo fg r o u p so ft h r e eo rf o u rc h i l d r e n ,Br o n s o n ( 1975 )f ou ndt h a tt h ei nt e n s i t yo ft h ef r u s t r a t i o na n da n g e ri nt h e i rd i s a g r e e me n t s i n cr e a s e ds ha r p l yb e t we e nt hea g e so f1a n d2y e a r s .Of t e n ,t h ec h i l d r e n ’ s di s a g r e e me nt si n vol ve das t r ug g l eo v e rat o yt h a tn o n eo ft h e mh a dp l a y e dwi t h be f o r eo ra f t e rt het ug of wa r : t h ec h i l d r e ns e e me dt ob ed i s p u t i n go wn e r s h i pr a t h e r t ha nwa nt i ngt opl a ywi t hi t .Al t h o u g hi tma yb el e s sma r k e di no t h e rs o c i e t i e s ,t h e l i n kbe t we e nt h es e n s eo f‘ s e l f ’a n do f‘ o wn e r s h i p ’i san o t a b l ef e a t u r eo fc h i l d h o o d i nWe s t e r ns o ci e t i e s .

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Questions 14–19 Re a d i ngPa s s a g e2ha se i ghtp a r a gr a phs ,A–H. Wh i c hp a r a g r a p hc ont a i nst hef o l l owi ngi n f o r ma t i o n ? Write the correct letter, A–H, in boxes 14–19 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. 14 a na c coun toft heme t ho du s e dbyr e s e a r c h e r si nap a r t i c u l a rs t u d y 15 t her ol eo fi mi t a t i o ni nde v e l op i n gas e n s eo fi d e n t i t y 16 t hea g ea twh i c hch i l dr e nca nu s ua l l yi d e n t i f yas t a t i ci ma g eo ft h e ms e l v e s 17 ar e a s onf ort hel i mi t a t i on sofs c i e n t i f i cr e s e a r c hi n t o‘ s e l f a s s u b j e c t ’ 18 r e f e r e ncet oapos s i bl el i n kbe t we e nc u l t u r ea n dap a r t i c u l a rf o r mo fb e h a v i o u r 19 e xa mpl e soft hewi der a n geoff e a t u r e st h a tc o n t r i b u t et ot h es e n s eo f‘ s e l f a s obj e ct ’

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Questions 20–23 Look at the following findings (Questions 20–23) and the list of researchers below. Match each finding with the correct researcher or researchers, A–E. Write the correct letter, A–E, in boxes 20–23 on your answer sheet. 20 As e ns eofi de nt i t yca nne ve rbef o r me dwi t h o u tr e l a t i o n s h i p swi t ho t h e rp e o p l e . 21 Achi l d ’ sa wa r e n e s so fs e l fi sr e l a t e dt oas e n s eo fma s t e r yo v e rt h i n g sa n dp e o p l e . 22 Atace r t a i na ge ,ch i l d r e n ’ ss e ns eo fi d e n t i t yl e a d st oa g g r e s s i v eb e h a v i o u r . 23 Ob s e r v i ngt h e i ro wnr e f l e ct i o nco n t r i b u t e st oc h i l d r e n ’ ss e l fa wa r e n e s s .

List of Researchers AJ a me s B Co o l e y C Le wi sa n dBr o o k s Gu n n D Me a d E Br o n s o n

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9 4

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Questions 24–26 Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 24–26 on your answer sheet.

How children acquire a sense of identity Fi r s t ,c h i l d r e nc omet or e a l i s et ha tt he yc a nh a v ea ne f f e c to nt h ewo r l da r o u n dt h e m, f o re xa mpl ebyh a ndl i n gob j e c t s ,o rca u s i n gt h ei ma g et omo v ewh e nt h e yf a c ea 24

.Thi sa s pe c tofs e l f a wa r e n e s si sd i f f i c u l tt or e s e a r c hd i r e c t l y ,b e c a u s eo f

25

p r ob l e ms .

Se co ndl y ,chi l dr e ns t a r tt ob e comea wa r eo fh o wt h e ya r ev i e we db yo t h e r s .On e i mpo r t a nts t a gei nt hi spr oce s si st h ev i s u a l r e c o g n i t i o no ft h e ms e l v e swh i c hu s u a l l y oc cu r swh e nt he yr e a cht h ea geoft wo .I nWe s t e r ns o c i e t i e sa tl e a s t ,t h ed e v e l o p me n t ofs e l fa wa r e ne s si so f t e nl i n ke dt oas e n s eo f26

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,a n dc a nl e a dt od i s p u t e s .

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READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40, which are based on Reading Passage 3

Questions 27–30 Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A–F. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B–E from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i–vii, in boxes 27–30 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings i

Comme r c i a lp r e s s ur e so np e o p l ei nc h a r g e

ii

Mi xe dv i e wso ncu r r e ntc h a n g e st omu s e u ms

iii

I nt e r pr e t i ngt h ef a ct st ome e tv i s i t o re x p e c t a t i o n s

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iv

Thei n t e r n a t i on a ldi me ns i o n

v

Col l e ct i on so ff a ct ua l e v i d e n c e

vi

Fe we rdi f f e r e nc e sb e t we e np u b l i ca t t r a c t i o n s

vii

Cur r e ntr e vi e wsa n ds ug g e s t i o n s

Example Pa r a g r a p hA 27 Pa r a gr a phB 28 Pa r a gr a phC 29 Pa r a gr a phD 30 Pa r a gr a phEQuestions 31–36

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The Development of Museums A Th ec o n v i c t i o nt h a th i s t o r i c a l r e l i c sp r o v i d ei n f a l l i b l et e s t i mo n ya b o u tt h ep a s ti s

r o o t e di nt h en i n e t e e n t ha n de a r l yt we n t i e t hc e n t u r i e s , wh e ns c i e n c ewa sr e g a r d e d a so b j e c t i v ea n dv a l u ef r e e .Aso n ewr i t e ro b s e r v e s : ‘ Al t h o u g hi ti sn o we v i d e n tt h a t a r t e f a c t sa r ea se a s i l ya l t e r e da sc h r o n i c l e s , p u b l i cf a i t hi nt h e i rv e r a c i t ye n d u r e s : a t a n g i b l er e l i cs e e msipso facto r e a l . ’Su c hc o n v i c t i o nwa s , u n t i l r e c e n t l y , r e f l e c t e di n mu s e u md i s p l a y s .Mu s e u msu s e dt ol o o k–a n ds o mes t i l l d o–mu c hl i k es t o r a g e r o o mso fo b j e c t sp a c k e dt o g e t h e ri ns h o wc a s e s : g o o df o rs c h o l a r swh owa n t e dt o s t u d yt h es u b t l ed i f f e r e n c e si nd e s i g n , b u tn o tf o rt h eo r d i n a r yv i s i t o r , t owh o mi ta l l l o o k e da l i k e .Si mi l a r l y , t h ei n f o r ma t i o na c c o mp a n y i n gt h eo b j e c t so f t e nma d el i t t l e s e n s et ot h el a yv i s i t o r .Th ec o n t e n ta n df o r ma to fe x p l a n a t i o n sd a t e db a c kt oat i me wh e nt h emu s e u mwa st h ee x c l u s i v ed o ma i no ft h es c i e n t i f i cr e s e a r c h e r . B Re c e n t l y , h o we v e r , a t t i t u d e st o wa r d sh i s t o r ya n dt h ewa yi ts h o u l db ep r e s e n t e d h a v ea l t e r e d .Th ek e ywo r di nh e r i t a g ed i s p l a yi sn o w‘ e x p e r i e n c e ’ , t h emo r ee x c i t i n g t h eb e t t e ra n d , i fp o s s i b l e , i n v o l v i n ga l l t h es e n s e s .Go o de x a mp l e so ft h i sa p p r o a c h i nt h eUKa r et h eJ o r v i kCe n t r ei nYo r k ;t h eNa t i o n a l Mu s e u mo fPh o t o g r a p h y , Fi l m file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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a n dTe l e v i s i o ni nBr a d f o r d ;a n dt h eI mp e r i a l Wa rMu s e u mi nLo n d o n .I nt h eUS t h et r e n de me r g e dmu c he a r l i e r : Wi l l i a ms b u r gh a sb e e nap r o t o t y p ef o rma n y h e r i t a g ed e v e l o p me n t si no t h e rp a r t so ft h ewo r l d .Noo n ec a np r e d i c twh e r et h e p r o c e s swi l l e n d .Ons o c a l l e dh e r i t a g es i t e st h er e e n a c t me n to fh i s t o r i c a l e v e n t s i si n c r e a s i n g l yp o p u l a r , a n dc o mp u t e r swi l l s o o np r o v i d ev i r t u a l r e a l i t ye x p e r i e n c e s , wh i c hwi l l p r e s e n tv i s i t o r swi t hav i v i di ma g eo ft h ep e r i o do ft h e i rc h o i c e , i nwh i c h t h e yt h e ms e l v e sc a na c ta si fp a r to ft h eh i s t o r i c a l e n v i r o n me n t .Su c hd e v e l o p me n t s h a v eb e e nc r i t i c i s e da sa ni n t o l e r a b l ev u l g a r i s a t i o n , b u tt h es u c c e s so fma n yh i s t o r i c a l t h e mep a r k sa n ds i mi l a rl o c a t i o n ss u g g e s t st h a tt h ema j o r i t yo ft h ep u b l i cd o e sn o t s h a r et h i so p i n i o n . CI nar e l a t e dd e v e l o p me n t , t h es h a r pd i s t i n c t i o nb e t we e nmu s e u ma n dh e r i t a g es i t e s o nt h eo n eh a n d , a n dt h e mep a r k so nt h eo t h e r , i sg r a d u a l l ye v a p o r a t i n g .Th e ya l r e a d y b o r r o wi d e a sa n dc o n c e p t sf r o mo n ea n o t h e r .Fo re x a mp l e , mu s e u msh a v ea d o p t e d s t o r yl i n e sf o re x h i b i t i o n s , s i t e sh a v ea c c e p t e d‘ t h e mi n g ’a sar e l e v a n tt o o l , a n dt h e me p a r k sa r emo v i n gt o wa r d smo r ea u t h e n t i c i t ya n dr e s e a r c h b a s e dp r e s e n t a t i o n s .I n z o o s , a n i ma l sa r en ol o n g e rk e p ti nc a g e s , b u ti ng r e a ts p a c e s , e i t h e ri nt h eo p e na i ro r i ne n o r mo u sg r e e n h o u s e s , s u c ha st h ej u n g l ea n dd e s e r te n v i r o n me n t si nBu r g e r s ’Zo o i nHo l l a n d .Th i sp a r t i c u l a rt r e n di sr e g a r d e da so n eo ft h ema j o rd e v e l o p me n t si nt h e p r e s e n t a t i o no fn a t u r a l h i s t o r yi nt h et we n t i e t hc e n t u r y .

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Page 98 Test 4 D Th e mep a r k sa r eu n d e r g o i n go t h e rc h a n g e s , t o o , a st h e yt r yt op r e s e n tmo r es e r i o u s

s o c i a l a n dc u l t u r a l i s s u e s , a n dmo v ea wa yf r o mf a n t a s y .Th i sd e v e l o p me n ti sa r e s p o n s et oma r k e tf o r c e sa n d , a l t h o u g hmu s e u msa n dh e r i t a g es i t e sh a v eas p e c i a l , r a t h e rd i s t i n c t , r o l et of u l f i l , t h e ya r ea l s oo p e r a t i n gi nav e r yc o mp e t i t i v ee n v i r o n me n t , wh e r ev i s i t o r sma k ec h o i c e so nh o wa n dwh e r et os p e n dt h e i rf r e et i me .He r i t a g ea n d mu s e u me x p e r t sd on o th a v et oi n v e n ts t o r i e sa n dr e c r e a t eh i s t o r i c a l e n v i r o n me n t s t oa t t r a c tt h e i rv i s i t o r s : t h e i ra s s e t sa r ea l r e a d yi np l a c e .Ho we v e r , e x h i b i t smu s tb e b o t hb a s e do na r t e f a c t sa n df a c t sa swek n o wt h e m, a n da t t r a c t i v e l yp r e s e n t e d .Th o s e wh oa r ep r o f e s s i o n a l l ye n g a g e di nt h ea r to fi n t e r p r e t i n gh i s t o r ya r et h u si nad i f f i c u l t p o s i t i o n , a st h e ymu s ts t e e ran a r r o wc o u r s eb e t we e nt h ed e ma n d so f‘ e v i d e n c e ’ a n d‘ a t t r a c t i v e n e s s ’ , e s p e c i a l l yg i v e nt h ei n c r e a s i n gn e e di nt h eh e r i t a g ei n d u s t r yf o r i n c o me g e n e r a t i n ga c t i v i t i e s . EI tc o u l db ec l a i me dt h a ti no r d e rt oma k ee v e r y t h i n gi nh e r i t a g emo r e‘ r e a l ’ , h i s t o r i c a l a c c u r a c ymu s tb ei n c r e a s i n g l ya l t e r e d .Fo re x a mp l e , Pithecanthropus erectus i sd e p i c t e di na nI n d o n e s i a nmu s e u mwi t hMa l a yf a c i a l f e a t u r e s , b e c a u s et h i s c o r r e s p o n d st op u b l i cp e r c e p t i o n s .Si mi l a r l y , i nt h eMu s e u mo fNa t u r a l Hi s t o r yi n Wa s h i n g t o n , Ne a n d e r t h a l ma ni ss h o wnma k i n gad o mi n a n tg e s t u r et oh i swi f e .Su c h p r e s e n t a t i o n st e l l u smo r ea b o u tc o n t e mp o r a r yp e r c e p t i o n so ft h ewo r l dt h a na b o u t o u ra n c e s t o r s .Th e r ei so n ec o mp e n s a t i o n , h o we v e r , f o rt h ep r o f e s s i o n a l swh oma k e file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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t h e s ei n t e r p r e t a t i o n s : i ft h e yd i dn o tp r o v i d et h ei n t e r p r e t a t i o n , v i s i t o r swo u l dd oi t f o rt h e ms e l v e s , b a s e do nt h e i ro wni d e a s , mi s c o n c e p t i o n sa n dp r e j u d i c e s .An dn o ma t t e rh o we x c i t i n gt h er e s u l t , i two u l dc o n t a i nal o tmo r eb i a st h a nt h ep r e s e n t a t i o n s p r o v i d e db ye x p e r t s . F Hu ma nb i a si si n e v i t a b l e , b u ta n o t h e rs o u r c eo fb i a si nt h er e p r e s e n t a t i o no fh i s t o r y h a st od owi t ht h et r a n s i t o r yn a t u r eo ft h ema t e r i a l st h e ms e l v e s .Th es i mp l ef a c ti s t h a tn o te v e r y t h i n gf r o mh i s t o r ys u r v i v e st h eh i s t o r i c a l p r o c e s s .Ca s t l e s , p a l a c e sa n d c a t h e d r a l sh a v eal o n g e rl i f e s p a nt h a nt h ed we l l i n g so fo r d i n a r yp e o p l e .Th es a me a p p l i e st ot h ef u r n i s h i n g sa n do t h e rc o n t e n t so ft h ep r e mi s e s .I nat o wnl i k eLe y d e ni n Ho l l a n d , wh i c hi nt h es e v e n t e e n t hc e n t u r ywa so c c u p i e db ya p p r o x i ma t e l yt h es a me n u mb e ro fi n h a b i t a n t sa st o d a y , p e o p l el i v e dwi t h i nt h ewa l l e dt o wn , a na r e amo r e t h a nf i v et i me ss ma l l e rt h a nmo d e r nLe y d e n .I nmo s to ft h eh o u s e ss e v e r a l f a mi l i e s l i v e dt o g e t h e ri nc i r c u ms t a n c e sb e y o n do u ri ma g i n a t i o n .Ye ti nmu s e u ms , f i n ep e r i o d r o o msg i v eo n l ya ni ma g eo ft h el i f e s t y l eo ft h eu p p e rc l a s so ft h a te r a .Nowo n d e r t h a tp e o p l ewh os t r o l l a r o u n de x h i b i t i o n sa r ef i l l e dwi t hn o s t a l g i a ;t h ee v i d e n c ei n mu s e u msi n d i c a t e st h a tl i f ewa ss omu c hb e t t e ri nt h ep a s t .Th i sn o t i o ni si n d u c e db y t h eb i a si ni t sr e p r e s e n t a t i o ni nmu s e u msa n dh e r i t a g ec e n t r e s .

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Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in boxes 31–36 on your answer sheet. 31 Comp a r e dwi t ht od a y’ smus e ums ,t h o s eo ft h ep a s t A B C D

d i dn otpr e s e n thi s t o r yi nad e t a i l e dwa y . we r enotp r i ma r i l yi nt e n de df o rt h ep u b l i c . we r emor ecl e a r l yo r g a ni s e d . p r e s e r ve di t e mswi t hg r e a t e rc a r e .

32 Acc o r d i ngt ot hewr i t e r ,c ur r e ntt r e n d si nt h eh e r i t a g ei n d u s t r y A B C D

e mp ha s i s ep e r s on a l i n vol ve me n t . h a v et he i ror i gi nsi nYo r ka n dLo n d o n . r e l yo nco mpu t e ri ma ge s . r e f l e c tmi n or i t yt a s t e s .

33 Thewr i t e rs a yst ha tmu s e ums ,h e r i t a g es i t e sa n dt h e mep a r k s A B

o f t e nwo r ki nc l o s ep a r t ne r s h i p . t r yt opr e s e r ves e pa r a t ei de n t i t i e s .

file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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h a v es i mi l a re x hi bi t s . a r el e s se a s yt odi s t i ng ui s ht h a nb e f o r e .

C D

34 Thewr i t e rs a yst ha ti npr e pa r i nge x hi b i t sf o rmu s e u ms ,e x p e r t s s ho ul dpu r s ueas i ngl eobj e c t i v e . h a v et odoac e r t a i na mou n to fl a n g u a g et r a n s l a t i o n . s ho ul dbef r e ef r om c omme r c i a l c o n s t r a i n t s . h a v et oba l a ncec onf l i ct i n gp r i o r i t i e s .

A B C D

35 I np a r a gr a phE,t h ewr i t e rs ug ge s t st h a ts o memu s e u me x h i b i t s f a i lt oma t chv i s i t ore x pe ct a t i o n s . a r eb a s e dont h ef a l s ea s s u mp t i o n so fp r o f e s s i o n a l s . r e v e a lmo r ea bo utpr e s e ntb e l i e f st h a na b o u tt h ep a s t . a l l ow vi s i t or st oma kemo r eu s eo ft h e i ri ma g i n a t i o n .

A B C D

36 Thepa s s a gee ndsb yno t i n gt ha tou rv i e wo fh i s t o r yi sb i a s e db e c a u s e wef a i lt ous eou ri ma gi na t i o n . o nl yve r ydu r a bl eobj e ct sr e ma i nf r o mt h ep a s t . wet e n dt oi gno r et hi ng st h a td i s p l e a s eu s . mu s e um e x hi b i t sf ocu st o omu c ho nt h el o c a l a r e a .

A B C D

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Questions 37–40 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 37–40 on your answer sheet, write TRUE

if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE

if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN

if there is no information on this

37 Cons ume r sp r e f e rt he mepa r kswh i c ha v o i ds e r i o u si s s u e s . 38 Mor ep e op l evi s i tmus e umst h a nt h e mep a r k s . 39 Thebo und a r i e so fLe yd e nha v ec ha n g e dl i t t l es i n c et h es e v e n t e e n t hc e n t u r y . 40 Mus e umsca ng i v eaf a l s ei mpr e s s i o no fh o wl i f eu s e dt ob e . file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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WRITING

WRITING TASK 1 Yo us h oul ds pe n da bo ut20mi nut e sont h i st a s k .

The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption of energy in the USA since 1980 with projections until 2030. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Wr i t ea tl e a s t15 0wo r d s . file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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1 0 1

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WRITING TASK 2 Yous h o ul ds p e nda b out4 0mi nu t e so nt h i st a s k . Wr i t ea b ou tt h ef ol l o wi ngt o pi c :

Every year several languages die out. Some people think that this is not important because life will be easier if there are fewer languages in the world. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? Gi ver e a s on sf o ryo ura n s we ra n di n cl u d ea n yr e l e v a n te x a mp l e sf r o my o u ro wn k nowl e d geore xpe r i e n ce . file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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Wr i t ea tl e a s t2 50wor ds .

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SPEAKING PART 1 Th ee xa mi ne ra s k st h eca nd i d a t ea b outh i m/ h e r s e l f ,h i s / h e rh o me ,wo r ko rs t u d i e sa n d ot h e rf a mi l i a rt o pi cs . EXAMPLE Bicycles

•How popul a ra r ebi c yc l e si nyou rho met o wn ?[ Wh y ? ] •How of t e ndoyo ur i deabi cy cl e ?[ Why / Wh yn o t ? ] •Doyout hi n kt ha tbi cy cl e sa r es u i t a b l ef o ra l l a g e s ?[ Wh y / Wh yn o t ? ] •Whatar et h ea dv a n t a ge sofab i c ycl ec o mp a r e dt oac a r ?[ Wh y ? ] file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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PART 2 Describe a person who has done a lot of work to help people. You should say: who this person is/was where this person lives/lived what he/she has done to help people and explain how you know about this person.

Yo uwi l l h a v et ot a l ka b o u tt h e t o p i cf o ro n et ot womi n u t e s . Yo uh a v eo n emi n u t et ot h i n k a b o u twh a ty o ua r eg o i n gt o s a y .Yo uc a nma k es o men o t e s t oh e l py o ui fy o uwi s h .

PART 3 Discussion topics: Helping other people in the community Example questions: Wh a ta r es omeo ft hewa yspe op l ec a nh e l po t h e r si nt h ec o mmu n i t y ?Wh i c hi smo s t i mpo r t a nt ? Wh ydoy out hi nks o mepe o pl el i k et oh e l po t h e rp e o p l e ? Somepe o pl es a yt h a tp e opl ehe l pot he r si nt h ec o mmu n i t ymo r en o wt h a nt h e yd i di n t hep a s t .Doy oua gr e eo rdi s a gr e e ?Wh y ? Community Services Example questions: Wh a tt y p e so fs e r v i ce s ,s uc ha sl i br a r i e so rh e a l t hc e n t r e s ,a r ea v a i l a b l et ot h ep e o p l e wh ol i vei nyo ura r e a ?Doyo ut hi nkt h e r ea r ee n o u g ho ft h e m? Wh i c hg r o upsofpe op l ege n e r a l l yn e e dmo s ts u p p o r ti nac o mmu n i t y ?Wh y ? Wh odoy out hi nks h ou l dp a yf ort h es e r v i c e st h a ta r ea v a i l a b l et ot h ep e o p l ei na co mmuni t y?Sho ul di tb et h egov e r n me n to ri n d i v i d u a l p e o p l e ? 1 0 3

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Ge n e r a lTr a i n i n gRe a d i n ga n dWr i t i n g Te s tA READING

SECTION 1 Questions 1–14 Read the text below and answer Questions 1–6. A file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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HELB P r i g – h t , s f r n i e a n d c l y k , e x b p a e r r i e n s c e er n v o t i e n s s g e n t p i a e l .r s on. En e r g ya n de n t h u s i a s ma na b s o l u t emu s t . Sa t& Su no n l y . Ca l l o rd r o pi na tKi n g s wa yCe n t r e , Me l b o u r n / Ro y s t o n . Te l : 0 1 7 6 32 4 2 7 2 9a n da s kf o rt h eMa n a g e r .

B

Gr a nt aHo t e l requires a part-time silver service waiter/waitress. On l ya ppl i c a n t swi t he x pe r i e n c e a n dg oodr e f e r e n c e sn e e da ppl y . Ex c e l l e n twa g e s ,me a l sondu t y . Te l :01 22 351 46 8( o f f i c eh o u r s )

C

WANTED f r om J a nu a r yt i l l J u l y ,an a n n y / c a r e rf o r Toby ,2yr s .Fo r ma l qu a l i f i c a t i o n sn o ta si mp o r t a n t a sas e ns i b l e ,wa r ma ndi ma g i n a t i v ea p p r o a c h . Hour s8. 30 5 . 0 0Mon Fr i . Ca rdr i ve re s s e n t i a l ,n ons mo k e r . Re f e r e nc e sr e qu i r e d. Forf u r t he rde t a i l spho ne :0 1 4 8 08 8 0 5 6a f t e r6 p m.

1 04

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D

Cleaner required for 12-floor modern office block in the Station Road area, St Ives. 2h o ur sp e rda y .Mo nda y st oFr i d a y s– t of i ni s hwor kbe f or et h eof f i c e so p e n . Wa g e s£8 0pe rwe e k. Te l : 012 239 32 921

E

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Admi n i s t r a t or / Se c r e t a r y f ors of tf ur n i s h i ngco mpa n y,wo r k i n g wi t hi nt heh ot e li nd us t r y Hou r s1p m –5 pm Mon–Fr i Ph on e :MrSQui nn013 537 12 5 1 6

F

FULLTI MECOOKf oran e wa n de x c i t i n gc a f év e n t u r e . Goodc on di t i on s .Pa ya n dh ou r sc a nben e g ot i a t e d. Appl yRe dCa f e( 01863)720528

G

50-Seater Restaurant TOLET I d e a lf o rv e r ye x pe r i e nce dp e r s o nl o o k i n gt o s t a r tupont h e i ro wn . Lo ca t e do nbu s yA1 0r o a d . Re pl yBo xNo.P76 2,Ne wma r k e tNe ws p a p e r sLt d . , 5 1Cambridge Roa d ,Ne wma r k e tCB83 BN

1 0 5

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Questions 1–6 Look at the seven job advertisements, A–G, on page 104 and read the descriptions of people below. Whi chi st hemo s ts u i t a bl ej o bf o re a chp e r s o n ? Write the correct letter, A–G, in boxes 1–6 on your answer sheet. 1

ape r s o nwi t ht wos ma l l ch i l d r e nwh owa n t saf e wh o u r sawe e ko fu n s k i l l e dwo r ki n

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2

t h ee a r l ymo r n i n gs ape r s o nwi t hn oe xp e r i e n ceorq u a l i f i c a t i o n swh oi sl o o k i n gf o ras h o r tt e r mf u l l t i mej ob ,Mo nd a yt oFr i da y

3

al i v e l ys t ude n twi t hnoe x pe r i e n c e ,wh oc a n n o two r ko nwe e k d a y s .

4

ape r s o nwi t hmor et h a n20y e a r s ’e x p e r i e n c ei nc a t e r i n gwh owo u l dl i k et or u na b us i n e s s .

5

aca t e r i ngcol l e g eg r a d ua t ewh oi sn o wl o o k i n gf o rh i sf i r s tf u l l t i mej o b

6

ape r s o nwi t hma n yy e a r s ’e x p e r i e n c ewo r k i n gi nh o t e l swh oi sn o wl o o k i n gf o rwe l l p a i dpa r t t i mee mpl oy me nti nah o t e l

1 06

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Read the text below and answer Questions 7–14.

INTERCITY Sleeper between London and Scotland Mos tt i cke t sma ybeus e df ort r a ve l bySleeper, s ub j e c tt oa v a i l a bi l i t y,a ndar e s e r va t i oni na t wo be r t hca b i nca nb ema def or£ 25,e x c e p ti n t hec a s eo fSol oa n dDuot i ck e t s ,whi c hi n c l u d e file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

Please note the photo can be alot bigger if we lay out like this, rather that having the intro paragraph in 2 columns underneath photo.

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Sleeper r e s e r v a t i o nsi nt hef a r e .Thepr i c e i n cl ude se a r l ymor ni n gt e aorcof f e ea n db i s c u i t s . Ac ont i n e n t a lorho tb r e a kf a s tca nb eo r d e r e di f yo uwi s h . Ch oo s ef r om ar a n geoft i ck e t st os ui ty o u rj o u r n e y . A – SuperApex Onl ya v a i l a bl ef o rt r a v e la f t e r9a m.Boo ka t l e a s t2we e ksa he a da n dt r a v e lbe t we e n Edi nb ur ghorGl a s g ow a ndLond onf ort h e un be a t a bl epr i ceo f£5 9r e t u r n .Thi st i c k e t i sn onr e f und a bl eunl e s st h es e r vi cei s ca n ce l l e d . B – Apex Ar e a lb a r ga i nf a r e .On l y£69r e t ur nbe t we e n Edi nb ur ghorGl a s g ow a ndLond on .Gr e a t va l ueSleeper t r a v e la va i l a bl ebyb oo ki n g a tl e a s tawe e kb e f or eou t wa r dt r a ve l . Ti ck e tr e f und a b l eo npa y me ntofa25% a dmi ni s t r a t i v ech a r ge . C – SuperSaver Av a i l a b l er i gh tupt ot heda yoft r a ve la n d va l i da nyd a ye xc e ptt he s epe a kd a ys :a l l Fr i da y s ,a l s o18 3 0De ce mb e r ,31Ma r ch a nd28Ma y.De p a r t ur e sbe t we e nmi dn i g h t a nd2a m coun ta spr e v i o usda y ’ sde pa r t u r e s . Lon do nt oGl a s g ow o rEdi nb ur gh£ 82.

D – Saver Th i sf l e x i b l et i c k e ti sv a l i de v e r yd a ya n d c a nb eb o u g h to nt h ed a yo ft r a v e l .Yo u r t i c k e ta l l o wss t a n d a r dc l a s st r a v e l o na n y t r a i nb e t we e n1 0 a ma n dmi d n i g h t .Nos e a t r e s e r v a t i o n sa v a i l a b l e .Lo n d o nt oGl a s g o w o rEd i n b u r g h£ 9 5 . E – Solo Tr e a ty o u r s e l fa n de n j o ye x c l u s i v eu s eo fa St a n d a r dc a b i n .So l oi sa ni n c l u s i v er e t u r n t r a v e l t i c k e twi t hSleeper r e s e r v a t i o n sf o r o n eo rb o t hd i r e c t i o n s .Ou t wa r da n dr e t u r n r e s e r v a t i o n ss h o u l db ema d ea tt h et i me o fb o o k i n g .Th ej o u r n e ymu s ti n c l u d ea Sa t u r d a yn i g h ta wa y .£ 1 4 0 £ 1 6 0Lo n d o nt o Ed i n b u r g h / Gl a s g o wr e t u r n . F – Special Sp e c i a l i sa ni n c l u s i v er e t u r nt r a v e l p a c k a g ef o rt wop e o p l ei n c l u d i n gs l e e p e r r e s e r v a t i o n sf o ro n eo rb o t hd i r e c t i o n s .I t c a nme a ns a v i n g sf o rb o t ho fy o u .Ou t wa r d a n dr e t u r nr e s e r v a t i o n ss h o u l db ema d ea t t h et i meo fb o o k i n g .Fr o m£ 1 2 0 . G – Standard No tt h ec h e a p e s to p t i o nb u ta v a i l a b l eu p t ot h et i meo ft r a v e l a n dv a l i df o ra l l t r a i n s a n da ta l l t i me s .Yo ua r ea d v i s e dt ot u r nu p e a r l yf o rt r a v e l o naFr i d a y . 1 0 7

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Questions 7–14 Look at the seven types of train ticket, A–G, on page 107. Fo rwhi cht yp eoft r a i nt i ck e ta r et h ef o l l o wi n gs t a t e me n t st r u e ? Write the correct letter, A–G, in boxes 7–14 on your answer sheet. file:///C:/Users/kohaku/Desktop/Cambridge IELTS 9.htm

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NB You may use any letter more than once. 7

The r ea r ea dv a nt a ge si fyo ub o o kaj o u r n e ywi t haf r i e n d .

8

Youca n no tu s et h i so naFr i d a y .

9

Thi sca nbeus e dwi t h outr e s t r i c t i o n .

10 Thi sca non l yb ebo oke dupt o7d a y sb e f o r ed e p a r t u r e . 11 I t ’ st hech e a pe s tt i c ke ta va i l a bl eb u tt h e r ei sar e s t r i c t i o no nd e p a r t u r et i me . 12 I fy oud e c i d enott ot r a ve la f t e ryo uh a v eb o u g h tt h et i c k e t ,y o uc a n n o tg e ty o u r mone yb a ck. 13 Thi si sn ota v a i l a b l ei fyo u’ r et r a v e l l i n go u to naMo n d a ya n db a c kt h en e x td a y . 14 Youca nno tus et hi st i ck e tf orde p a r t u r e sb e t we e nmi d n i g h ta n d1 0 a m.

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SECTION 2 Questions 15–27 Read the text below and answer Questions 15–21.

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AtTr a ns i t Eur ope a n, t hec ompa ny’ sobj e c t i vei ne s t a bl i s hi ngaf or ma l dr e s sc odei st oe na bl eour e mpl oye e st opr oj e c tt hepr of e s s i ona l i ma get ha ti si nk e e pi ngwi t ht hene e dsofourc l i e nt sa nd c us t ome r swhos e e kourgui da nc e , i nput , a ndpr of e s s i ona l s e r vi c e s . Be c a us eouri ndus t r yr e qui r e st he a ppe a r a nc eoft r us t e dbus i ne s spr of e s s i ona l sa ndwes e r vec l i e nt sa tours i t eonada i l yba s i s , amor e f or ma l dr e s sc odei sne c e s s a r yf oroure mpl oye e s . For ma l Dr e s sCodeGui de l i ne s I naf or ma l bus i ne s se nvi r onme nt , t hes t a nda r dofdr e s s i ngf orme na ndwome ni sas ui t . Al t e r na t i ve l y aj a c k e tma ybewor nwi t ha ppr opr i a t ea c c e s s or i e s . Tor n, di r t y, orf r a ye dc l ot hi ngi suna c c e pt a bl e . Cl ot hi ngs houl dbepr e s s e da ndne ve rwr i nk l e d. Nodr e s sc odec a nc ove ra l l c ont i nge nc i e ss oe mpl oye e s mus te x e r tac e r t a i na mountofj udgme nti nt he i rc hoi c eofc l ot hi ngt owe a rt owor k . I fyoue x pe r i e nc e unc e r t a i nt y, pl e a s ea s kyours upe r vi s orf ora dvi c e . Shoe sa ndFoot we a r Cons e r va t i vewa l k i ngs hoe s , dr e s ss hoe s , l oa f e r s , boot s , f l a t s , dr e s she e l s , a ndba c k l e s ss hoe sa r e a c c e pt a bl ef orwor k . Notwe a r i ngs t oc k i ngsors oc k si si na ppr opr i a t e . Te nni ss hoe sa nda nys hoewi t h a nope nt oea r enota c c e pt a bl ei nt heof f i c e . Ac c e s s or i e sa ndJ e we l l e r y Thewe a r i ngoft i e s , s c a r ve s , be l t s , a ndj e we l l e r yi se nc our a ge d, pr ovi de dt he ya r et a s t e f ul . I t e mswhi c h a r ef l a s hys houl dbea voi de d. Ma k e up, Pe r f ume , a ndCol ogne Apr of e s s i ona l a ppe a r a nc ei se nc our a ge da nde x c e s s i vema k e upi sunpr of e s s i ona l . Re me mbe rt ha t s omee mpl oye e sma yha vea l l e r gi cr e a c t i onst ot hec he mi c a l si npe r f ume sa ndma k e up, s owe a rt he s e s ubs t a nc e si nmode r a t i on. Ha t sa ndHe a dCove r i ng Ha t sa r enota ppr opr i a t ei nt heof f i c e . He a dc ove r st ha ta r er e qui r e df orr e a s onsoff a i t hort ohonour c ul t ur a l t r a di t i ona r epe r mi t t e d. Dr e s sDownDa ys Ce r t a i nda ysc a nbede c l a r e ddr e s sdownda ys , ge ne r a l l yFr i da ys . Ont he s eda ys , bus i ne s sc a s ua l c l ot hi ng i sa l l owe d. Cl ot hi ngt ha tha sourc ompa nyl ogoi ss t r ongl ye nc our a ge d. Spor t st e a m, uni ve r s i t y, a nd f a s hi onbr a ndna me sonc l ot hi nga r ege ne r a l l ya c c e pt a bl e . Howe ve r , youma ywi s ht ok e e paj a c k e ti n yourof f i c ei nc a s eac l i e ntune x pe c t e dl ya ppe a r s . Vi ol a t i onofDr e s sCode I fc l ot hi ngf a i l st ome e tt he s es t a nda r ds , a sde t e r mi ne dbyt hee mpl oye e ’ ss upe r vi s or , t hee mpl oye e wi l l bea s k e dnott owe a rt hei na ppr opr i a t ei t e mt owor ka ga i n. I ft hepr obl e mpe r s i s t s , t hee mpl oye e wi l l r e c e i veave r ba l wa r ni nga ndma ybes e nthomet oc ha ngec l ot he s .

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Write your answers in boxes 15–21 on your answer sheet.

NOTES ON COMPANY DRESS CODE t oc l i e n t s

Aim of formal dress code: t opr e s e n ta15 Acceptable types of formal clothing: j a c k e to rs u i t

a n di ng o o dc o n d i t i o n

State of clothes: t he ymus tbe16

Footwear: t e nn i ss ho e sa n dop e nt o es h o e sa r en o ta l l o we d Accessories: t i e s ,s c a r ve s ,be l t sa ndj e we l l e r yma yb ewo r n a n dn o tb r i g h t l yc o l o u r e d

–t he s emu s tb e17

Make up: a vo i dwe a r i ngt o omu chma k eu pa n dp e r f u me –t he s es ome t i me sca u s e18 Hats: h a t ss h ou l dn otbewor n –he a dc ov e r si nl i n ewi t hr e l i gi ou sr e a s o n so r19

a r ea l l o we d

Dressing down: ca s u a lcl ot hi ngi sa l l o we do ns o meFr i d a y s –cl o t h i ngwi t ht he20

o ni ti sr e c o mme n d e d

Breaking the dress code: i fa d vi cei sr e p e a t e d l yi g n o r e d ,a21

i sg i v e n

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Read the text below and answer Questions 22–27.

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Whatever your role, your pay range will be extremely competitive and reviewed in the light of your progress. In addition to your salary, you will enjoy an array of excellent benefits from the moment you join the company. Pa i dhol i da y Th eho l i d a ye nt i t l e me n ti sf o urwe e ksp e ry e a r , r i s i n gt of i vewe e ksa f t e rt h r e eye a r s( o ri nt h e ca s eo fI Tgr a d ua t et r a i ne e s ,a f t e rp r omo t i o nt o pr og r a mme rort r a i ne ea na l y s t ) .Th e r ea r ef u r t h e r l o ng s e r v i cei nc r e a s e sf o rmo s ts t a f fa f t e rt e n orf i f t e e nye a r s .Ma n a ge r s ,i nc l ud i n ggr a d u a t e t r a i ne e s ,r e ce i vef i v ewe e ks ’h ol i da yf r o mt h e ou t s e t . Pe ns i ons c he me Weo f f e ran o nc ont r i b ut or yf i na l s a l a r yp e n s i o n s ch e me ,pa y a bl ef r om t hea geof60 ,t omo s ts t a f f wh oh a v ecompl e t e dt hequ a l i f yi ngpe r i o do ff i v e ye a r s . Li f ea s s ur a nc e Ourl i f ea s s u r a n ces ch e mepa y sas u me q u i v a l e n t t ot h r e et i me sy ou ra nn ua ls a l a r yt oyo u r no mi na t e dbe ne f i ci a r y. Di s c ou nt s Af t e rt h r e emon t hs ’s e r vi ce ,a l ls t a f fa r ee n t i t l e d t oa1 2% di s cou ntonmo s tp ur cha s e sf r o mt h e co mp a n y ’ ss t or e s .Th i sr i s e st o25 %a f t e ro n e ye a r ’ ss e r vi ce . Sub s i di s e dd i ni ngr oo m I nmos ts i t e s ,wepr o vi deadi ni n gr oom wh e r ey o u ca ne nj oye x ce l l e ntf o oda tv e r yr e a s on a b l ep r i c e s . Ho l i da ya ndl e i s ur ef a ci l i t i e s Th ebu s i n e s sownsanu mbe rofr e s i de n t i a l c l u b s wh i c hof f e rs ubs i di s e dhol i d a ya cc ommo d a t i o nf o r s t a f fwi t ha tl e a s tt hr e ey e a r s ’s e r v i c e .

Sp o r t sc l u b s Wes u p p o r ta ne x t e n s i v er a n g eo fs p o r t sa c t i v i t i e s i n c l u d i n gf o o t b a l l ,n e t b a l l ,g o l f ,s k i i n g ,s a i l i n g , s q u a s h ,r i d i n ga n dg l i d i n g . Ti c k e ts u b s i d i e s Ti c k e ts u b s i d i e so f5 0 %o ft h ec o s to fp l a y s o rc o n c e r t sa r ea v a i l a b l e .St a f fma ya l s ot a k e a d v a n t a g eo fc o r p o r a t eme mb e r s h i pt ob o d i e ss u ch a st h eSc i e n c eMu s e u m. Ed u c a t i o ns u b s i d i e s Weg i v eg e n e r o u sf i n a n c i a l s u p p o r tt os t a f fwho wi s ht oa c q u i r el e i s u r es k i l l so rc o n t i n u et h e i r e d u c a t i o n ,e . g .t h r o u g ht h eOp e nUn i v e r s i t yo r e v e n i n gc l a s s e s . Ex t e n d e dl e a v e St a f fwh oc o mp l e t e2 5y e a r s ’s e r v i c ec a ne n j oy p a i ds a b b a t i c a l l e a v eo fu pt os i xmo n t h s . He a l t hs e r v i c e s Weh a v ea no c c u p a t i o n a l h e a l t hs e r v i c es t a f f e db y f u l l t i med o c t o r sa n dh e a l t ha d v i s e r s . Fi n a n c i a l h e l p ,b e n e f i t sa n dd i s c o u n t e dd e a l s I nc a s e so fp a r t i c u l a rh a r d s h i p ,wewi l l h e l ps t a f f wi t hal o a n .Weh a v ea l s on e g o t i a t e dar a n g e o fb e n e f i t sf o rs t a f fs u c ha sd i s c o u n t e dp r i v a t e h e a l t h c a r ea n dac a rp u r c h a s es c h e me ,a l o n g wi t han u mb e ro fo n e o f fd e a l swi t hh o t e l sa n d a mu s e me n tp a r k s .

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Questions 22–27

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Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the text for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 22–27 on your answer sheet. 22 Pa yi ncr e a s e sd e pe ndont h e

t h a te a c hme mb e ro fs t a f fma k e s .

23 Emp l oye e smus twor kami n i mum o f

t ob ee l i g i b l ef o rap e n s i o n .

24 St a f fma yt a k eah ol i da ya to neo ft h e

p r o v i d e db yt h ec o mp a n y .

25 Theco mpa n ypa yha l ft hes e a tp r i c ef o r

a n dp l a y s .

26 Theco mpa n ygi ve sf i na n ci a l a s s i s t a n c ef o rb o t he d u c a t i o n a l c o u r s e sa n d a sp a r to fs t a f fde ve l opme nt . 27 Emp l oye e sma yb ee n t i t l e dt oa c i r c ums t a nc e s .

i ft h e yf i n dt h e ms e l v e si nd i f f i c u l t

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Read the text on pages 112 and 113 and answer questions 28–40.

OUT OF THE ASHES A Ont hea f t e r no ono f3 0thAu gus t1 989 , f i r eb r ok eouta tUppa r k,al a r gee i g ht e e n t h -

Af t e rt h ei n i t i a l s e n s eo fs h o c k ,t h e C d a y swh i c hf o l l o we dt h ef i r ewe r ef i l l e d

ce n t ur yho us ei nSus s e x.Foray e a rbu i l d e r s ha dbe e nr e p l a c i n gt hel e a dont h er o of ,a n d

wi t hd i s c o v e r i e s .He l p e db yv o l u n t e e r s , t h eNa t i o n a l Tr u s t ’ sa r c h a e o l o g i s t sa n d

byas t r ok eofi r o ny,we r edu et of i ni s ht h en e x t

c o n s e r v a t o r ss wu n gi n t oa c t i o n ,f i r s to fa l l

da y ,onAugu s t31 s t .Wi t hi nf i f t e e nmi n u t e s

ma r k i n gt h es i t eo u ti n t oag r i da n dt h e n

oft hea l a r mb e i ngs o un de d,t h ef i r ebr i ga d e

s a l v a g i n ge v e r y t h i n gd o wnt ot h el a s td o o r

ha da r r i ve dont h es c e ne ,t ho ughno t hi n g

h a n d l e .Th ep o s i t i o no fe a c hf r a g me n twa s

wa st os ur vi v eo ft hep r i ce l e s sco l l e ct i o no n

r e c o r d e d ,a n da l l t h ed e b r i swa ss t o r e di n

t hef i r s tf l oora p a r tf r om a noi lpa i nt i ngo f

c o u n t l e s sd u s t b i n sb e f o r eb e i n gs i f t e da n d

ado gwh i cht hef i r e me ns we p tu pa st h e y

c a t e g o r i s e d .

f i na l l yr e t r e a t e df r o mt hebl a z e .Bu tdu et o t hec our a g ea nds wi f ta ct i o no ft hepr e vi o u s owne r s ,t h eMe a d e Fe a t he r s t o nha u gh

D Th e r ewa sg r e a te x c i t e me n ta sr e mn a n t s o ft h el a n t e r nf r o mt h eSt a i r c a s eHa l l we r e

f a mi l y,a n dt hes t a f f ,s t e wa r dsa ndvi s i t o r s

p u l l e do u tf r o mt h ed e b r i so ft wof a l l e n

t ot h ehou s e ,whof or me dh uma nch a i n s

f l o o r s ,a n da l s ot h r e ewe e k sl a t e rwh e nt h e

t op a s st hep r e c i o uspi e ce sofpor ce l a i n ,

Re dRo o mc a r p e t ,t h o u g h tt oh a v eb e e n

f u r n i t ur ea ndpa i n t i ng souto nt ot h el a wn ,

t o t a l l yl o s t ,wa sf o u n dwr a p p e da r o u n d

95pe rce n to ft heco nt e n t sf r o mt heg r o u n d

t h er e ma i n so fap i a n o .Th e r ewa sal u c k y

f l oo ra n dt heba s e me n twe r es a ve d .Ast h e

r e p r i e v ef o rt h eSt a t eBe dt o o .St a f fwh o

f i r ec on t i nue dt or a ge ,t heNa t i on a lTr u s t ’ s

h a dl e f tt h es c e n ea t3 a mo nt h en i g h to f

co ns e r v a t or swe r ebe i ngmob i l i s e d,a n d

t h ef i r eh a dt h o u g h ti t sl o s swa si n e v i t a b l e ,

t ha te ve ni n gl oca l s t a t i on e r swe r ee s pe c i a l l y op e ne dt opr ovi det heb ul ks up pl i e sof

b u twh e nt h e yr e t u r n e dt h en e x tmo r n i n gi t h a de s c a p e dl a r g e l yu n d a ma g e d .Fi r e me n ,

bl ot t i ngp a pe rs ode s pe r a t e l yn e e d e di nt h e

d i r e c t e db yt h eNa t i o n a l Tr u s t ’ sc o n s e r v a t o r s

s a l v a geo pe r a t i o n.

f r o mo u t s i d et h eTa p e s t r yRo o m wi n d o w, d i s ma n t l e dt h es i l k h u n gb e da n dp a s s e di t

B Thef ol l owi ngmor ni ng ,Upp a r ks t oo d op e nt ot h es k y.As l ud geofwe tch a r c o a l

o u tp i e c eb yp i e c e .Twe n t ymi n u t e sl a t e rt h e c e i l i n gf e l l i n .

co ve r e dt h eg r ou ndf l o ora n db a s e me n t ,a n d i ne ve r yr o om c ha r r e da n df a l l e nt i mbe r sl a y a mo ngs tt hes mok e .I twa sas ce neofut t e r de v a s t a t i o n.

E Th es c a l eo ft h et a s kt or e p a i rUp p a r k wa su n p r e c e d e n t e di nt h eNa t i o n a l Tr u s t . Th ei mme d i a t eq u e s t i o nwa swh e t h e ri t s h o u l db ed o n ea ta l l .Ad e c i s i o nh a dt ob e

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t a k e nqu i c kl y ,a st h ebui l d i n gwa sun s o u n d a n dwha t e ve rh a dno tbe e nd a ma ge db yt h e

GI nJ u n e1 9 9 4t h eb u i l d i n gp r o g r a mme wa sc o mp l e t e d ,o nt i mea n do nb u d g e t .Th e

f i r ewa se x po s e dt ot h ee l e me nt s .Wi t h i na mont h ,a f t e rc on s u l t i ngma nye x pe r t sa n d

t o t a l c o s to ft h ewo r kt or e p a i rt h eh o u s ea nd i t sc o n t e n t sc a met ob en e a r l y£ 2 0mi l l i o n ,

wi t ht h ea g r e e me ntoft h eNa t i on a lTr u s t ’ s

l a r g e l yme tf r o mi n s u r a n c e .I na d d i t i o n ,i t

Ex e c u t i veCo mmi t t e e ,t h er e s t or a t i on

ma d ee c o n o mi cs e n s ef o rt h eNa t i o n a l Tr u s t

p r o gr a mmebe g a n.I twa su nde r t a ke nf o r

t oi n v e s tt i mea n dmo n e yi nu p g r a d i n gwa t e r

t h r e ema i nr e a s o ns .Af t e rt hef i r ei th a d

a n dh e a t i n gs y s t e ms ,i n s t a l l i n gmo d e r n

b e co mea ppa r e ntj u s thow muc hr e ma i n e d

e n v i r o n me n t a l c o n t r o l s ,a n du p d a t i n gf i r e

o ft h es t r u c t u r ewi t hi t ss p l e nd i d l yd e c o r a t e d

a n ds e c u r i t ye q u i p me n t .

i nt e r i o r s ;t oha v ep ul l e dt h ehou s edo wn ,a s o nec omme nt a t ors u gg e s t e d ,wou l dh a v e

H Th ef i n a l s t a g e so fr e s t o r a t i o na n dt h e

b e e nva nda l i s m.Al s ot hep r o pe r t ywa s c ove r e dbyi n s ur a n ce ,s ot h er e pa i r swo u l d

ma s s i v ep r o g r a mmeo fr e i n s t a l l a t i o nt o o k e i g h tmo n t h s .Th ef a mi l ya n dt h er o o m

n otca l lup o nt heNa t i o na lTr us t ’ sownf u n d s .

s t e wa r d swe r ev i s i b l ymo v e dwh e nr e t u r n i ng

La s t l y,muc hh a dbe e ns a v e doft hef i n e

t ot h e i ro l dh a u n t s ,p e r h a p st h eb e s t

c ol l e ct i o na cqu i r e de s pe ci a l l yf o rUp p a r k

t e s t a me n tt h a tt h es p i r i to fUp p a r kh a dn o t

f r o m1 747bySi rMa t t he w Fe a t he r s t o n h a u g h

d i e d .Bu tt h ed e b a t ewi l l n od o u b tc o n t i n u e

a n dh i ss onHa r r y.Th e s eo bj e c t sbe l o n g e d

a st owh e t h e ro rn o ti twa sr i g h tt or e p a i rt he

n owh e r ee l s e ,a n dco mpl e t er e s t or a t i ono f

h o u s ea f t e rt h ef i r e .Th eNa t i o n a l Tr u s th a s

t h eh o us ewou l da l l o wt he mt obes e e na n d

d o n ei t sb e s tt or e ma i nt r u et oUp p a r k ;i ti s

e n j o ye da ga i ni nt he i ro r i g i n a ls e t t i ng .

f o ro t h e r st oj u d g et h es u c c e s so ft h ep r o j e c t .

F

Note: The National Trust is a charitable

Thes e a r chf orcr a f t s me na ndwo me n

c a pa bl eofdoi ngt h ei n t r i c a t er e s t or a t i o n

organisation in Britain set up over a hundred

wor kwa sna t i on wi de .Onc et h equ a l i t ya n d

years ago to preserve the national heritage.

s k i l loft hei ndi vi dua l orc ompa nyha db e e n a s c e r t a i ne d ,t he yh a dt op a s sa ne co n o mi c t e s t ,a se ve r yj o bwa sco mp e t i t i v e l yt e n d e r e d . Thi sh a sh a de n or mou sb e ne f i t sbe c a u s en o t o nl yh a v ean umbe ro fhi gh l ys k i l l e dp e o p l e c omet ot hef o r e-wood ca r ve r sf ore x a mp l e , f ol l owi ngi nt hef oot s t e pso fGr i nl i ngGi b b o n s -bu tma nyoft h e m,f o re xa mp l epl a s t e r e r s , h a ver e l e a r ntt h es k i l l soft hes e ve nt e e n t h a n de i g h t e e nt hce nt u r i e swhi chc a nn o wb e o fu s et oot he rcou nt r yho us eowne r swh e n t h en e e da r i s e s .

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Questions 28–33 Th et e xtonp a ge s11 3a n d11 4ha se i g h tp a r a g r a p h s ,A–H. Wh i c hp a r a g r a p hsco nt a i nt hef o l l owi ngi n f o r ma t i o n ? Write the appropriate letters, A–H, in boxes 28–33 on your answer sheet. 28 t hepr oce dur ef ors or t i ngt hr o ug ht h er e ma i n so ft h ef i r e 29 ho w Uppa r kl o oke da f t e rt h ef i r e 30 i mpr ove me n t sma det ot h er e bu i l tUpp a r k 31 t hes e l e ct i onofpe op l et oc a r r youtt h er e p a i rwo r k 32 wh yt heNa t i o na lTr u s tc ho s et or e b u i l dUp p a r k 33 ho w pe opl er e a ct e dt ot h er e bu i l tUp p a r k

Questions 34–37 An s we rt heq ue s t i onsb e l ow. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 34-37 on your answer sheet. 34 Onwh a tda t ei n1 98 9s ho ul dt heor i g i n a l r e p a i r st ot h er o o fh a v eb e e nc o mp l e t e d ? 35 Bywha tme t ho dwe r et h i n gsr e s cu e di mme d i a t e l yf r o mt h eb u r n i n gh o u s e ? 36 Af t e rt hef i r e ,wha tdi dt heco ns e r v a t o r sr e q u i r el a r g eq u a n t i t i e so fi mme d i a t e l y ? 37 I n t owha tdi dt heco ns e r v a t or sp utma t e r i a l r e c o v e r e df r o mt h ef i r e ?

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General Training Reading and Writing

Questions 38–40 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet. 38 Thef i r ede s t r oye d Aa l l t h econ t e nt soft hegr oun df l o o r . B mo s toft h econ t e nt soft heba s e me n t . Ct her o ofo ft h eh ou s e . Da l l t h econ t e nt soft hef i r s tf l o o r . 39 On eoft her e a s o nst heNa t i o na lTr u s td e c i d e dt or e b u i l dUp p a r kwa st h a t At heMe a de Fe a t he r s t o nh a ughf a mi l ywa n t e dt h e mt o . Bt heb ui l d i nga si ts t oodwa sun s o u n d . Ct he ywoul dn ’ tha v et opa yf ort h er e p a i r s . D no t h i n gont hi ss c a l eha dbe e nt r i e db e f o r e . 40 Someoft h ecr a f t s me na ndwo me ne mp l o y e di nt h er e s t o r a t i o no fUp p a r kh a v e b e ne f i t e dbe ca u s e At he ywe r eve r ywe l lpa i df o rd o i n gi n t r i c a t ewo r k . Bt he i rb us i n e s s e sh a vebe c omemo r ec o mp e t i t i v e . Ct he ywe r ea bl et owor kwi t hGr i n l i n gGi b b o n s . Dt he ya c qui r e ds k i l l st he ydi d n’ th a v ep r e v i o u s l y .

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Writing

WRITING

WRITING TASK 1 Yo us h oul ds pe n da bo ut20mi nut e sont h i st a s k .

You are working for a company. You need to take some time off work and want to ask your manager about this. Write a letter to your manager. In your letter

•

explain why you want to take time off work

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