Calor Latente de Fusion IIII

 

 Ghuenks y ^`rmkneoâmeab ^`rmkneoâmeab 

Hbdkrbtkrek n` Gíseab Dâseab

ABHKT HB^@O^@ N@ GPQEÑO B. AKM AKMS@^ S@^@OA @OAEB EB @QS @QS@AÍ @AÍGEA GEAB B @vbhüb hb trbosg`r`oaeb n` abhkr `otr` je`hk, y bfub b neg`r`ot`s t`mp`rbturbs m`zahbnks `o uo abhkrím`trk, pbrb n`t`rmeobr `h abhkr hbt`ot` n` guseño n`h je`hk.

D. EOG EOGKTM KTMBAE BAEÑO ÑO ^@Ñ ^@ÑTEA TEAB B @h abhkr n` guseño, tbmdeåo akokaenk akmk abhkr hbt`ot` n` guseño, n`sared` hb abotenbn n` `o`rfíb qu` s` o`a`setb pbrb qu` kaurrb `h abmdek n` gbs` `otr` uo híquenk y uo sñhenk seo uo abmdek n` t`mp`rbturb. @h abhkr hbt`ot` `s `h abhkr pkr uoenbn n` mbsb r`qu`renk pbrb qu` kaurrb uo abmdek n` gbs`. Skr `l`mphk, se bfr`fbmks je`hk y r`gr`sak grík b uo vbsk, `sp`rbríbmks qu` `h abhkr n`h r`gr`sak hef`rbm`ot` mâs aâhenk n`rretb `h je`hk `o `h vbsk. Qeo `mdbrfk, prkdbdh`m`ot` jbybs oktbnk qu` aubonk bfr`fbs je`hk b uob d`denb yb gríb, skhk pbrt` n`h je`hk s` n`rret`, ok tknk. @stk s` n`d` b qu` `h r`gr`sak ok akote`o` sugeae`ot` `o`rfíb akmk abhkr pbrb sup`rbr `h abhkr hbt`ot` n` guseño n`h je`hk. Aubonk akmdeob je`hk b 3 ³A y r`gr`sak grík b uob t`mp`rbturb sup`rekr b 3 ³A, `h abhkr n`h r`gr`sak akoteoubrâ n`rrete`onk `h je`hk jbstb qu` bmdks bhaboa`o uob t`mp`rbturb n` `quehedrek.

Gefurb 32< @squ`mbtezbaeño n`h abhkr hbt`ot` n` guseño n`h je`hk Aubonk s` bfr`fb k `hemeob `o`rfíb tårmeab n` uo kdl`tk, hb t`mp`rbturb n`h kdl`tk okrmbhm`ot` s` blustb. Qeo `mdbrfk, nurbot` uo abmdek n` gbs`, hb t`mp`rbturb n` uo kdl`tk p`rmbo`a`râ akostbot` b  p`sbr n` qu` s` bfr`fu` k r`st` abhkr bneaekobh n` hb sustboaeb. @otkoa`s, »quå `stâ pbsbonk ako `h `xa`sk n` abhkr nurbot` `stb trbosg`r`oaeb n` `o`rfíb se ok `stâ abmdebonk hb t`mp`rbturb; @stb `o`rfíb tårmeab s` neref` jbaeb hb sup`rbaeño n`h abhkr hbt`ot` n` hb sustboaeb. Hbs tr`s gbs`s akmuo`s n` hb mbt`reb sko fbs, híquenk y sñhenk. Skr hk tbotk, jby tr`s tårmeoks neg`r`ot`s pbrb `h abhkr hbt`ot` qu` n`sared`o hks abmdeks n` gbs` n` hb mbt`reb. @h abhkr hbt`ot` n` guseñoo r`ge`r` bh abmd guseñ abmdek ek n` gbs` `otr` sñhenk y híque híquenk. nk. ^`ofb `o au`otb au`otb qu` `h abhkr `o r`bhenbn r`bhenbn s` HG-336/ 2 n` 24

 

 Ghuenks y ^`rmkneoâmeab ^`rmkneoâmeab 

Hbdkrbtkrek n` Gíseab Dâseab

r`ge`r` b hb trbosg`r`oaeb n` `o`rfíb tårmeab `otr` hks kdl`tks. Skr hk tbotk, `h abhkr n` hbt`ot` n` guseño bdbrab `h prka`sk n` bfr`fbr abhkr pbrb guoner uo sñhenk y `h prka`sk n` r`stbr abhkr pbrb akof`hbr uo híquenk. Qe uob mb b hb t`mp`rbturb eoeaebh ^ b s` m`zahb ako uob mbsb mj n` je`hk b 3 ¼A `o uo abhkrím`trk y hu`fk hb m`zahb n` bfub y je`hk s` bfetb jbstb qu` s` bhabozb uob t`mp`rbturb geobh n` `quehedrek ^ `. Su`n`o kaurrer nks absks<

Absk 2 Q` guon` guon` uob pbrt pbrt`` m  n` hb mbsb mbsb eoea eoeaebh ebh mj, qu`nbo qu`nbonk nk uob m`za m`zahb hb gkrmbn gkrmbnbb pkr je`hk ») y bfub

( mb + m )  b hb t`mp`rbturb geobh n` ^ ` =3¼A. Qe `h abhkrím`trk `stâ p`rg`atbm`ot` beshbnk, ok pe`rn` oe fbob abhkr, `otkoa`s s` pu`n` n`mkstrbr qu` mb a b ^ b

 Hg  =

m

»

 

(2)

Absk 4 Qe s` guon` tknk `h je`hk, `h `stbnk geobh `s uob mbsb ( m » » j + m » » b ) » » n` bfub b hb t`mp`rbturb geobh ^ ` ? 3 . Qe `h abhkrím`trk `stâ p`rg`atbm`ot` beshbnk, ok pe`rn` oe fbob abhkr, `otkoa`s s` pu`n`

n`mkstrbr qu`  Hg  =a b ( ^ b

mb mj

m b+ mj + i 

∔^ `

mj

) 

(4)

ako i =

m( ^ ∔^ ` )

( ^ ` ∔^ k)

Nkon`<  Hg  333 L/if) a b 2:7 L/if ³I) m j <  mbsb n` je`hk `o `h abhkrím`trk m b 4.7

0

43

:0.>

1>33

01.4

24:

   

Sbrb r`bhezbr `h Absk 4 n` hb s`aaeño D (Eogkrmbaeño ^`ñreab), `o `h semuhbnkr `helb hb kpaeño >. ‘Abhkr n` guseño”, hu`fk bjkrb bokt` hks vbhkr`s pbrb mj =24:. ( f ) 9 m b =263 ( f )

s`fuenbm`ot` s`fuenbm`o t` n`d`râ n` jba`r aheai `o ‘Sr`pbrb”, y hu`fk aheai `o ‘Abhauhb”9 pbrb akmph`tbr hb ^bdhb 4 bokt` hks vbhkr`s n` ^ ` pbrb neg`r`ot`s ^ b. Sbrb hks aâhauhks akrr`spkone`ot`s `o hb ^bdhb 4 akosen`rbr `h abmdek n` vbrebdh`<  T =mb ^ b  ^bdhb 4

23163 

4

70

4.1

22303 

1

75

>.4

22613 

>

61

7.2

24>23 

0

66 

:.2

21353 

 H`aturb

 

 

T (f³A )

G. BOÂHEQEQ BOÂHEQEQ N@ NB^KQ NB^KQ 2.

Ako hhkks n nbbtks n` n` hhbb ^ ^bbdhb 22,, fr frbgequ`  S `o guoaeño n`

R  pbrb

kdt`o`r hb frâgeab 32,

hu`fk n`t`rmeo` hb `aubaeño n` `stb frâgeab9 y kdt`ofb `h vbhkr n` hb p`one`ot` ` eot`ra`ptk, ako sus r`sp`atevbs uoenbn`s s`füo `h sest`mb eot`robaekobh HG-336/ 7 n` 24

 

 Ghuenks y ^`rmkneoâmeab ^`rmkneoâmeab 

Hbdkrbtkrek n` Gíseab Dâseab

abhkr hbt`ot`2:3=1115>:.0 L/if abhkr hbt`ot` t`kreak=111:7: L/if

4.

Ako hhkks n nbbtks n n`` hhbb ^ ^bbdhb 44,, fr frbgequ` T ``o o gu guoaeño n n`` ^ ` pbrb kdt`o`r hb frâgeab 34,

hu`fk n`t`rmeo` hb `aubaeño n` `stb frâgeab9 y kdt`ofb `h vbhkr n` hb p`one`ot` ` eot`ra`ptk, ako sus r`sp`atevbs uoenbn`s s`füo `h sest`mb eot`robaekobh.

n`t`rmeobnk hb `aubaeño<  y = 10>.21 x + 23417  p`one`ot` = 10>.21f HG-336/ 6 n` 24

 

 Ghuenks y ^`rmkneoâmeab ^`rmkneoâmeab 

Hbdkrbtkrek n` Gíseab Dâseab

eot`ra`ptk =23417 f ³A=abhkr n` guseko  Hg =

∖>2:3

23417

24: f

/ if=11>475.160 L / if

111:7: L 

F.

AKMSBTBAEÑO U @WBHPBAEÑO

2. B pb pbrt rter er n` n` hb p` p`one ne``ot` n n`` hb ffrrâge geab ab 332, 2, kd kdt`of t`ofbb `h vbh vbhkkr n`  Hg  n`h je`hk y akmpâr`hk ako `h vbhkr n`h  Hg  n`h je`hk n` hb s`aaeño D (Eogkrmbaeño ^`ñreab). Lustegequ` su r`spu`stb. Qe sbd`mks U=B+D*Z S =B+D*R mb a b ^ b=B+D*(m j∔ m J ).....................(E)

Q`fuo hb Gkrmuhb  Hg  =

mb a b ^ b m

»

 Hg ∖( m» » j ∔m J )=m b a b ^ b » Akmpbrbmks Wbhkr`s

D= Hg 

1115>:.0 L/if=111:7: L / if Eot`rpr`tbaeko

@h abhkr hbt`ot` n` guseño n`h je`hk te`o` uo vbhkr t`ñreak n` 111:7:

L/if y jbae`onk uob akmpbrbaeño ako `h vbhkr n` hb p`one`ot` n` hb frâgeab s` kds`rvb qu` `stks te`o`o uob hef`rb neg`r`oaeb p`rk s` ba`rabo muajk bmdks vbhkr`s , `st` `rrkr   pu`n` n`d`rs` n`d`rs` b `rrkr`s bh tkmbr nbtks , k hb bpheabaeño n` n`hh r`nkon`k `o hbs mu`strbs . Ktrk nbtk b n`stbabr `s qu` `o hb mu`strb n` hks prem`rks nbtks , ou`strk frupk jbdíb akos`fuenk `o hb `aubaeño uo vbhkr 2.7 r`sp`atk bh vbhkr n` B(eot`rs`aaeño) , p`rk `st` nbtk ok `s tbo akogebdh` pu`stk qu` `st` vbhkr `s hb `o`rfíb eoeaebh pkr `on` `st` te`o` qu` s`r 3 k bp`fbnk b `s` oüm`rk , pkr `on` s` abmdek hbs mu`strbs y s` trbtk n` usbr mâs n`aembh`s pbrb pkn`r brr`fhbr `h prkdh`mb `o au`steño.

4.

B pbr pbrte terr n` n` hhbb p p`o `one ne`o `ot` t` n n`` hb hb frâ frâge geab ab 34, 34, kdt kdt`o `ofb fb `h vbhk vbhkrr n n`` i  y akmpâr`hk ako i  n` hb

s`aaeño @.4. Lustegequ` su r`spu`stb. Qe sbd`mks U= B+ D*Z T=B+D*^` HG-336/ : n` 24

 

 Ghuenks y ^`rmkneoâmeab ^`rmkneoâmeab 

Hbdkrbtkrek n` Gíseab Dâseab

mb ^ b =B+D*^`……………………….(E)

Q`fuo hb Gkrmuhb i =

m( ^ ∔^ ` )   ∔ M   ( ^ ` ∔^ k)

i =

m( ^ ∔^ ` )   ∔ M  ( ^ `∔ 3 )

i ∖^ ` =m b∖(^ » » b ∔^ ` )∔ M ∖^ ` » i ∖^ `=m b∖^ b -mb∖^ ` ∔ M ∖^ ` ^ ` »+ M )=mb∖^ b…………………..(EE)

Akmpbrbmks Wbhkr`s D= i + mb+ M 

∔263 f ∔24: f =i  07.21 f = i ( abhauhbnk )  y 06.4415 f= i ( s`aaeko ) 10>.21

Eot`rpr`tbaeko

@h i abhauhbnk y `h n` hb s`aaeño te`o`o uob hef`rb neg`r`oaeb p`rk s` ba`rabo muajk bmdks vbhkr`s , `st` `rrkr pu`n` pu`n` n`d`rs` b `rrkr`s bh tkmbr nbtks , k hb bpheabaeño n`h r`nkon`k `o hbs mu`strbs. Sbrb jbhhbr `h i abhauhbnk s` usb hb `aubaeño (EEE) qu` s` `oau`otrb bh eoeaek n`h r`pkrt`, n`sp`lbonk bsí ‘i” qu` te`o` akmk uoenbn hks frbmks `o `st` absk .

1.

B pb pbrt rter er n` n` hb Eo Eot` t`rrs`atk `atk n n`` hb fr frâge geab ab 334, 4, kd kdt`of t`ofbb `h vvbbhkr hkr n`  Hg  n`h je`hk y akmpâr`hk

ako `h vbhkr n`h  Hg  n`h je`hk n` hb s`aaeño D (Eogkrmbaeño ^`ñreab). Lustegequ` su r`spu`stb.  Qe sbd`mks U= B+ D*Z T=B+D*^` mb ^ b =B+D*^`……………………….(E)

Q`fuo hb Gkrmuhb  Hg  =a b ( ^ b  Hg ∖m j ab  Hg ∖m j ab

mb mj

∔^ `

m b+ mj + i  mj

)

= mb ^ b∔^ `∖( mb + mi  + i ) + ^ `∖( mb + mi  + i )=mb ^ b…..(EE) HG-336/ 5 n` 24

 

 Ghuenks y ^`rmkneoâmeab ^`rmkneoâmeab 

Hbdkrbtkrek n` Gíseab Dâseab

Akmpbrbmks Wbhkr`s  Hg ∖m j ab

=B

 B∖a b  Hg = mj  Hg =

∖>2:3

23417

24: f

/ if=11>475.160 L / if

111:7: L 

  Eot`rpr`tbaeko

@h abhkr hbt`ot` n` guseño n`h je`hk te`o` uo vbhkr t`ñreak n` 111:7:

L/if y jbae`onk uob akmpbrbaeño ako `h vbhkr Hg abhauhbnk frbaebs b hb `aubaeño EE qu` s` `oau`otrb `oau`otrb b eoeaeks n`h r`pkrt` y hb `aubaeño n` hb frâgeab 4 , s` kds`rvb qu` `stks te`o`o uob hef`rb neg`r`oaeb p`rk s` ba`rabo bmdks vbhkr`s , `st` `rrkr pu`n` n`d`rs` b `rrkr`s bh tkmbr nbtks , k hb bpheabaeño n`h r`nkon r`nkon`k `k `o hbs mu`strbs , abd` bahbrbr n`h auenbnk qu` s` n`d` tkmbr bh r``mphbzbr hks nbtks pu`stk `h vbhkr n` Hg `stâ `o ktrb uoenbn`s b neg`r`oaeb n` hbs tkmbnbs pkr `h frupk.

J. AK AKOA OAHP HPQE QEKO KO@Q @Q Srem`rk.  @h abhkr hbt`ot` n` guseño n`h je`hk pu`n` s`r jbhhbnk m`nebot` hb p`one`ot` n` hb frâgeab n` S `o guoaeño n` R, kds`rvbmks bn`mâs qu` `h akmpkrtbme`otk n` hb frâgeab `s heo`bh ar`ae`ot`.

Q`fuonk. Hb p`one`ot` n` hb frâgeab 4 oks p`rmet` jbhhbr `h `quevbh`ot` `o bfub n`h abhkrím`trk, y `h eot`r eot`ra`pt a`ptññ p`rme p`rmet` t` jbhhbr `h abhkr hbt` hbt`ot` ot` n` guseñ guseñoo n`h je`hk, bn`mâs `h akmp akmpkrtbm krtbme`otk e`otk n` hb frâgeab `s heo`bh ar`ae`ot`.

^`ra`rk.  Hks nbtks jbhhbnks `xp`rem`otbhm`ot` `o akmpbrbaeño ako hks nbtks t`ñreaks, jbo t`oenk uob vbrebaeño p`qu`òb, hk aubh btreduemks b hks empbr`s qu` pu`nb f`o`rbr `h semuhbnkr y b hks r`nkon`ks n` nbtks `o `h `xp`rem`otk.

E. 2.

AP@Q^EKOBTEK GEOBH »S »Skr kr q quå uå ``ss mâs mâs r`ak r`akm` m`on onbd bdh` h` ``og ogre rebr br hhbt btbs bs n n`` d`de d`denb nbss ak akhk hkaâ aâon onkh khbs bs ``o o uo uobb au aud` d`tb tb qu` qu`

akote`o` je`hk y bfub `o hufbr n` uob aud`tb n` bfub b uob t`mp`rbturb eoeaebh n` 3 ³A. @xphequ`;

HG-336/ 23 n` 24

 

 Ghuenks y ^`rmkneoâmeab ^`rmkneoâmeab 

Hbdkrbtkrek n` Gíseab Dâseab

@h `ogrebme`otk n` uob d`denb ako uo audk n` je`hk y bfub, `s mâs r`akm`onbdh` y `geabz qu` `h usk n` bfub gríb skhbm`ot`, n`denk b hb `o`rfíb `xtrbínb n` hb d`denb pbrb n`rr`ter `h je`hk pkr `h abhkr  hbt`ot` n` guseño. @ogrebr hbs hbtbs n` d`denbs ako uob aud`tb n` bfub y je`hk b 3¼A, ehustrb hb `o`rfíb n`h abmdek n` gbs`, y hb akos`auaeño n`h `quehedrek tårmeak, hk qu` p`rmeterâ qu` hbs hbtbs p`rmbo`zabo gríbs.

4. »Skr »Skr q quå uå p`r p`rmb mbo` o`a` a` hhbb t` t`mp mp`r `rbt btur urbb n` n`hh je je`h `hkk b 3 ³A aaub ubon onkk s` `stâ `stâ n n`r `rre rete te`o `onk nk;; Lustegequ` su r`spu`stb. Hb t`mp`rbturb n` guseño n` je`hk je`hk `o `sabhb A`hseus `s 3 ³A, se s` n`rret` je`hk `st` n`d` pbsbr pbsbr pkr uo abmdek n` gbs`, hk aubh jba` qu` jbyb je`hk y bfub b 3 ³A. @h abmdek n` gbs` empheab uo abmdek `o hb `o`rfíb eot`rob, `h aubh s` `xpheab pkr `h abhkr hbt`ot` R=mH 

1.

Qe nks au` au`rpk rpkss ss`` `oau `oau`ot `otrbo rbo b n neg` eg`r`o r`ot`s t`s t`mp`r t`mp`rbtu bturb rbs, s, `o uo ses sest`m t`mbb be beshb shbnk9 nk9 »S »Skr kr quå

`h abhkr ghuy` `spkotâo`bm`ot` n`sn` `h au`rpk n` mbykr t`mp`rbturb bh au`rpk n` m`okr t`mp`rbturb; @h abhkr `s `o`rfíb `o trâosetk9 se`mpr` ghuy` n` uob zkob n` mbykr t`mp`rbturb b uob zkob n` m`okr t`mp`rbturb, ako hk qu` `h`vb hb t`mp`rbturb n` hb s`fuonb y r`nua` hb n` hb prem`rb, se`mpr` qu` `h vkhum`o n` hks au`rpks s` mbot`ofb akostbot`. Hb `o`rfíb ok ghuy` n`sn` uo kdl`tk n` t`mp`rbturb  dblb b uo kdl`tk kdl`tk n` t`mp`rbturb bbhtb htb se ok s` r`bhezb r`bhezb trbdblk.

L.

DEDHEKFTBGÍB BNEAEKOBH Butkr Lkså Bhd`rtk W`rf`s J`nz

^ítuhk

@neaeño

  Bò k

Abhkr Hbt`ot`. T`aup`rbnk n`<

jttps