Calidad de Vida PNP

 

‟EÕB DN OE ^@KQNXSEOKWECKB@ DN OE SEO^D”

K@TNIXE@TNS7

DBCN@TN7

TNME7  

Ceokded dn vkde

SNCCKB@7  

‟C”

8:8:

 

DNDKCETBXKE

Nstn prnsn`tn trehegb nstå dndkcedb E dkbs pbr pnrmktkrmn obirer mks bhgntkvbs, iukermn n koumk`er mk cemk`b y E mks pedrns pbr su epbyb k`cb`dkckb`eo.

 

K@DKCN K@TXBD^CCKB@.....................................................................................................................................4 BHGNTKQB DN NST^DKB...........................................................................................................................> KMZBXTE@CKE [ DKXNCCKÓ@ DNO NST^DKB........................................................................................> G^STKAKCECKB@.......................................................................................................................................9 CEZKT^OB K.............................................................................................................................................6 CB@CNZTB DN OE CEOKDED DN QKDE..................................................................................................6 CEZKT^OB KK..........................................................................................................................................81 QKSKÓ@ [/B EZOKCEHKOKDED EO CEMZB ZBOKCKEO............................................................................81 CEZKT^OB KKK.........................................................................................................................................8; E@ÅOKSKS DN OE K@ABXMECKÓ@.......................................................................................................8; CB@CO^SKB@NS...................................................................................................................................35 XNCBMN@DECKB@NS...........................................................................................................................38 OKMKTECKB@NS.....................................................................................................................................33 HKHOKBIXEAKE......................................................................................................................................34 E@NVBS...............................................................................................................................................3>

 

 

K@TXBD^CCKB@

3K`trbducckó`

No cb`cnptb dn ceokded dn Q kde cbmb teo sn utkokzó pbr  prkmnre vnz n` no eõb 5;38, skn`db Zkibu dnsdn no cempb dn oe ncb`ómke qukë` ecuõó oe dnak`kckó` rnakrkë`dbsn e obs snrvkckbs b cbstbs sbckeons dn oes pere dnckskb`ns dn ibhknr`b  pbdnr esí ceocuoer u` prbductb sbckeo `ntb< pbr btrb oedb eutbrns nsce`dk`evbs

 

rnoeckb`er obs `kvnons dn vkde cb` oe setksaecckó` dn oes `ncnskdedns sbckeons (Tb`b`, 8::1). Sk hkn` oe k`vnstkieckó` ecnrce dno cb`cnptb fe kdb nvbouckb`e`db n` no tre`scursb dn oe fkstbrke ectueomn`tn sn dkcn qun oe ceokded dn vkde kmpokce oe  pertkckpeckó`` dn obs  pertkckpeckó ckudede`bs n` oe nveoueckó` dn obs qun ons eancte, då`dbon esí u`e

 

ski`kakceckó` pboítkce, qun pbr btrb oedb cb`trkhuyn pere obs nstudkbs dno hkn`nster dn oes  pnrsb`es, dnsdn u`e u`e mkrede dno  hkn`nster aískcb y pskcboóikcb pskcboóikcb cbmb esí temhkë` su rnoeckó` cb` oes `ncnskdedns metnrkeons, sbckbeanctkves k`tniredes n` oes mndkckb`ns  pskcboóikces y sbckeons sbckeons dn oe  pnrcnpckó` y nveoueckó` nveoueckó` dn obs sugntbs dn sus nxpnrkn`ckes (Ceses, 5;;; cktedb n` Tb`ó` 8::1).

 

Dnsdn nste pnrspnctkve sn fe eve`zedb n` nstudker oe ceokded dn vkde, surikn`db equí btre verkehon qun mucfes vncns sn obs vk`cuoe cbmb sk`ó`kmbs, skn`db qun su dnak`kckó` pb`n ecn`tb n` dkmn`skb`ns nspncíakces, fehoembs dn oe setksaecckó` cb` oe vkde, n`tn`dkdb cbmb u` nstedb mn`teo, u`e eprnckeckó` veobretkve dn eoib. No tërmk`b sn rnaknrn te`tb e nstn cb`tnxtb cbmb e dksaruter y cbmb teo cuhrn eprnckeckb`ns

 

cbi`ktkves cbmb eanctkves,  pundn snr u`e metnrke metnrke nve`nscn`tn, pnrb temhkë` u`e ectktud nstehon. Sni÷` Qnn`fbvn` (5;;4) oe setksaecckó` cb` oe vkde ns no iredb n` qun u`e  pnrsb`e nveo÷e oe oe ceokded iobheo dn su vkde n` cb`gu`tb dn abrme pbsktkve, ns dnckr cuå`tb on iuste e u`e pnrsb`e oe vkde qun oonve 3 K`trbducckó`

 

No cb`cnptb dn ceokded dn Q kde cbmb teo sn utkokzó pbr  prkmnre vnz n` no eõb 5;38, skn`db Zkibu dnsdn no cempb dn oe ncb`ómke qukë` ecuõó oe dnak`kckó` rnakrkë`dbsn e obs snrvkckbs b cbstbs sbckeons dn oes dnckskb`ns dn ibhknr`b pere  pbdnr esí ceocuoer u` prbductb sbckeo `ntb< pbr btrb oedb eutbrns nsce`dk`evbs rnoeckb`er obs `kvnons dn vkde cb` oe setksaecckó` dn oes `ncnskdedns sbckeons (Tb`b`,

 

8::1). Sk hkn` oe k`vnstkieckó` ecnrce dno cb`cnptb fe kdb nvbouckb`e`db n` no tre`scursb dn oe fkstbrke ectueomn`tn sn dkcn qun oe ceokded dn vkde kmpokce oe  pertkckpeckó`` dn obs  pertkckpeckó ckudede`bs n` oe nveoueckó` dn obs qun ons eancte, då`dbon esí u`e ski`kakceckó` pboítkce, qun pbr btrb oedb cb`trkhuyn pere obs nstudkbs dno hkn`nster dn oes

 

 pnrsb`es, dnsdn u`e u`e mkrede dno  hkn`nster aískcb y pskcboóikcb pskcboóikcb cbmb esí temhkë` su rnoeckó` cb` oes `ncnskdedns metnrkeons, sbckbeanctkves k`tniredes n` oes mndkckb`ns  pskcboóikces y sbckeons sbckeons dn oe  pnrcnpckó` y nveoueckó` nveoueckó` dn obs sugntbs dn sus nxpnrkn`ckes (Ceses, 5;;; cktedb n` Tb`ó` 8::1). Dnsdn nste pnrspnctkve sn fe eve`zedb n` nstudker oe ceokded dn vkde, surikn`db

 

equí btre verkehon qun mucfes vncns sn obs vk`cuoe cbmb sk`ó`kmbs, skn`db qun su dnak`kckó` pb`n ecn`tb n` dkmn`skb`ns nspncíakces, fehoembs dn oe setksaecckó` cb` oe vkde, n`tn`dkdb cbmb u` nstedb mn`teo, u`e eprnckeckó` veobretkve dn eoib. No tërmk`b sn rnaknrn te`tb e nstn cb`tnxtb cbmb e dksaruter y cbmb teo cuhrn eprnckeckb`ns cbi`ktkves cbmb eanctkves,  pundn snr u`e metnrke metnrke

 

nve`nscn`tn, pnrb temhkë` u`e ectktud nstehon. Sni÷` Qnn`fbvn` (5;;4) oe setksaecckó` cb` oe vkde ns no iredb n` qun u`e  pnrsb`e nveo÷e oe oe ceokded iobheo dn su vkde n` cb`gu`tb dn abrme pbsktkve, ns dnckr cuå`tb on iuste e u`e pnrsb`e oe vkde qun oonve 3

K`trbducckó` No cb`cnptb dn ceokded dn Q kde cbmb teo sn utkokzó pbr  prkmnre vnz n` no eõb

 

5;38, skn`db Zkibu dnsdn no cempb dn oe ncb`ómke qukë` ecuõó oe dnak`kckó` rnakrkë`dbsn e obs snrvkckbs b cbstbs sbckeons dn oes dnckskb`ns dn ibhknr`b pere  pbdnr esí ceocuoer u` prbductb sbckeo `ntb< pbr btrb oedb eutbrns nsce`dk`evbs rnoeckb`er obs `kvnons dn vkde cb` oe setksaecckó` dn oes `ncnskdedns sbckeons (Tb`b`, 8::1).

 

Sk hkn` oe k`vnstkieckó` ecnrce dno cb`cnptb fe kdb nvbouckb`e`db n` no tre`scursb dn oe fkstbrke ectueomn`tn sn dkcn qun oe ceokded dn vkde kmpokce oe  pertkckpeckó`` dn obs  pertkckpeckó ckudede`bs n` oe nveoueckó` dn obs qun ons eancte, då`dbon esí u`e ski`kakceckó` pboítkce, qun pbr btrb oedb cb`trkhuyn pere obs nstudkbs dno hkn`nster dn oes  pnrsb`es, dnsdn u`e u`e mkrede dno  hkn`nster aískcb y pskcboóikcb pskcboóikcb cbmb esí temhkë` su

 

rnoeckó` cb` oes `ncnskdedns metnrkeons, sbckbeanctkves k`tniredes n` oes mndkckb`ns  pskcboóikces y sbckeons sbckeons dn oe  pnrcnpckó` y nveoueckó` nveoueckó` dn obs sugntbs dn sus nxpnrkn`ckes (Ceses, 5;;; cktedb n` Tb`ó` 8::1). Dnsdn nste pnrspnctkve sn fe eve`zedb n` nstudker oe ceokded dn vkde, surikn`db equí btre verkehon qun mucfes vncns sn obs vk`cuoe cbmb sk`ó`kmbs, skn`db qun su dnak`kckó` pb`n ecn`tb n` dkmn`skb`ns nspncíakces,

 

fehoembs dn oe setksaecckó` cb` oe vkde, n`tn`dkdb cbmb u` nstedb mn`teo, u`e eprnckeckó` veobretkve dn eoib. No tërmk`b sn rnaknrn te`tb e nstn cb`tnxtb cbmb e dksaruter y cbmb teo cuhrn eprnckeckb`ns cbi`ktkves cbmb eanctkves,  pundn snr u`e metnrke metnrke nve`nscn`tn, pnrb temhkë` u`e ectktud nstehon. Sni÷` Qnn`fbvn` (5;;4) oe setksaecckó` cb` oe vkde ns no iredb n` qun u`e

 

 pnrsb`e nveo÷e oe oe ceokded iobheo dn su vkde n` cb`gu`tb dn abrme pbsktkve, ns dnckr cuå`tb on iuste e u`e pnrsb`e oe vkde qun oonve 3

K`trbducckó` No cb`cnptb dn ceokded dn Q kde cbmb teo sn utkokzó pbr  prkmnre vnz n` no eõb 5;38, skn`db Zkibu dnsdn no cempb oe ncb`ómke qukë` ecuõó oedndnak`kckó` rnakrkë`dbsn e obs snrvkckbs b cbstbs sbckeons dn oes

 

dnckskb`ns dn ibhknr`b pere  pbdnr esí ceocuoer u` prbductb sbckeo `ntb< pbr btrb oedb eutbrns nsce`dk`evbs rnoeckb`er obs `kvnons dn vkde cb` oe setksaecckó` dn oes `ncnskdedns sbckeons (Tb`b`, 8::1). Sk hkn` oe k`vnstkieckó` ecnrce dno cb`cnptb fe kdb nvbouckb`e`db n` no tre`scursb dn oe fkstbrke ectueomn`tn sn dkcn qun oe ceokded dn vkde kmpokce oe

 

 pertkckpeckó`` dn obs  pertkckpeckó ckudede`bs n` oe nveoueckó` dn obs qun ons eancte, då`dbon esí u`e ski`kakceckó` pboítkce, qun pbr btrb oedb cb`trkhuyn pere obs nstudkbs dno hkn`nster dn oes  pnrsb`es, dnsdn u`e u`e mkrede dno  hkn`nster aískcb y pskcboóikcb pskcboóikcb cbmb esí temhkë` su rnoeckó` cb` oes `ncnskdedns metnrkeons, sbckbeanctkves k`tniredes n` oes mndkckb`ns  pskcboóikces y sbckeons sbckeons dn oe  pnrcnpckó` y nveoueckó` nveoueckó` dn obs sugntbs dn sus nxpnrkn`ckes

 

(Ceses, 5;;; cktedb n` Tb`ó` 8::1). Dnsdn nste pnrspnctkve sn fe eve`zedb n` nstudker oe ceokded dn vkde, surikn`db equí btre verkehon qun mucfes vncns sn obs vk`cuoe cbmb sk`ó`kmbs, skn`db qun su dnak`kckó` pb`n ecn`tb n` dkmn`skb`ns nspncíakces, fehoembs dn oe setksaecckó` cb` oe vkde, n`tn`dkdb cbmb u` nstedb mn`teo, u`e eprnckeckó` veobretkve dn eoib. No tërmk`b

 

sn rnaknrn te`tb e nstn cb`tnxtb cbmb e dksaruter y cbmb teo cuhrn eprnckeckb`ns cbi`ktkves cbmb eanctkves,  pundn snr u`e metnrke metnrke nve`nscn`tn, pnrb temhkë` u`e ectktud nstehon. Sni÷` Qnn`fbvn` (5;;4) oe setksaecckó` cb` oe vkde ns no iredb n` qun u`e  pnrsb`e nveo÷e oe oe ceokded iobheo dn su vkde n` cb`gu`tb dn abrme pbsktkve, ns dnckr cuå`tb on iuste e u`e pnrsb`e oe vkde qun oonve 3

 

K`trbducckó` No cb`cnptb dn ceokded dn Q kde cbmb teo sn utkokzó pbr  prkmnre vnz n` no eõb 5;38, skn`db Zkibu dnsdn no cempb dn oe ncb`ómke qukë` ecuõó oe dnak`kckó` rnakrkë`dbsn e obs snrvkckbs b cbstbs sbckeons dn oes dnckskb`ns dn ibhknr`b pere  pbdnr esí ceocuoer u` prbductb sbckeo `ntb< pbr btrb oedb eutbrns nsce`dk`evbs

 

rnoeckb`er obs `kvnons dn vkde cb` oe setksaecckó` dn oes `ncnskdedns sbckeons (Tb`b`, 8::1). Sk hkn` oe k`vnstkieckó` ecnrce dno cb`cnptb fe kdb nvbouckb`e`db n` no tre`scursb dn oe fkstbrke ectueomn`tn sn dkcn qun oe ceokded dn vkde kmpokce oe  pertkckpeckó`` dn obs  pertkckpeckó ckudede`bs n` oe nveoueckó` dn obs qun ons eancte, då`dbon esí u`e

 

ski`kakceckó` pboítkce, qun pbr btrb oedb cb`trkhuyn pere obs nstudkbs dno hkn`nster dn oes  pnrsb`es, dnsdn u`e u`e mkrede dno  hkn`nster aískcb y pskcboóikcb pskcboóikcb cbmb esí temhkë` su rnoeckó` cb` oes `ncnskdedns metnrkeons, sbckbeanctkves k`tniredes n` oes mndkckb`ns  pskcboóikces y sbckeons sbckeons dn oe  pnrcnpckó` y nveoueckó` nveoueckó` dn obs sugntbs dn sus nxpnrkn`ckes (Ceses, 5;;; cktedb n` Tb`ó` 8::1).

 

Dnsdn nste pnrspnctkve sn fe eve`zedb n` nstudker oe ceokded dn vkde, surikn`db equí btre verkehon qun mucfes vncns sn obs vk`cuoe cbmb sk`ó`kmbs, skn`db qun su dnak`kckó` pb`n ecn`tb n` dkmn`skb`ns nspncíakces, fehoembs dn oe setksaecckó` cb` oe vkde, n`tn`dkdb cbmb u` nstedb mn`teo, u`e eprnckeckó` veobretkve dn eoib. No tërmk`b sn rnaknrn te`tb e nstn cb`tnxtb cbmb e dksaruter y cbmb teo cuhrn eprnckeckb`ns

 

cbi`ktkves cbmb eanctkves,  pundn snr u`e metnrke metnrke nve`nscn`tn, pnrb temhkë` u`e ectktud nstehon. Sni÷` Qnn`fbvn` (5;;4) oe setksaecckó` cb` oe vkde ns no iredb n` qun u`e  pnrsb`e nveo÷e oe oe ceokded iobheo dn su vkde n` cb`gu`tb dn abrme pbsktkve, ns dnckr cuå`tb on iuste e u`e pnrsb`e oe vkde qun oonve 3 K`trbducckó`

 

No cb`cnptb dn ceokded dn Q kde cbmb teo sn utkokzó pbr  prkmnre vnz n` no eõb 5;38, skn`db Zkibu dnsdn no cempb dn oe ncb`ómke qukë` ecuõó oe dnak`kckó` rnakrkë`dbsn e obs snrvkckbs b cbstbs sbckeons dn oes dnckskb`ns dn ibhknr`b pere  pbdnr esí ceocuoer u` prbductb sbckeo `ntb< pbr btrb oedb eutbrns nsce`dk`evbs rnoeckb`er obs `kvnons dn vkde cb` oe setksaecckó` dn oes `ncnskdedns sbckeons (Tb`b`,

 

8::1). Sk hkn` oe k`vnstkieckó` ecnrce dno cb`cnptb fe kdb nvbouckb`e`db n` no tre`scursb dn oe fkstbrke ectueomn`tn sn dkcn qun oe ceokded dn vkde kmpokce oe  pertkckpeckó`` dn obs  pertkckpeckó ckudede`bs n` oe nveoueckó` dn obs qun ons eancte, då`dbon esí u`e ski`kakceckó` pboítkce, qun pbr btrb oedb cb`trkhuyn pere obs nstudkbs dno hkn`nster dn oes

 

 pnrsb`es, dnsdn u`e u`e mkrede dno  hkn`nster aískcb y pskcboóikcb pskcboóikcb cbmb esí temhkë` su rnoeckó` cb` oes `ncnskdedns metnrkeons, sbckbeanctkves k`tniredes n` oes mndkckb`ns  pskcboóikces y sbckeons sbckeons dn oe  pnrcnpckó` y nveoueckó` nveoueckó` dn obs sugntbs dn sus nxpnrkn`ckes (Ceses, 5;;; cktedb n` Tb`ó` 8::1). Dnsdn nste pnrspnctkve sn fe eve`zedb n` nstudker oe ceokded dn vkde, surikn`db

 

equí btre verkehon qun mucfes vncns sn obs vk`cuoe cbmb sk`ó`kmbs, skn`db qun su dnak`kckó` pb`n ecn`tb n` dkmn`skb`ns nspncíakces, fehoembs dn oe setksaecckó` cb` oe vkde, n`tn`dkdb cbmb u` nstedb mn`teo, u`e eprnckeckó` veobretkve dn eoib. No tërmk`b sn rnaknrn te`tb e nstn cb`tnxtb cbmb e dksaruter y cbmb teo cuhrn eprnckeckb`ns cbi`ktkves cbmb eanctkves,  pundn snr u`e metnrke metnrke

 

nve`nscn`tn, pnrb temhkë` u`e ectktud nstehon. Sni÷` Qnn`fbvn` (5;;4) oe setksaecckó` cb` oe vkde ns no iredb n` qun u`e  pnrsb`e nveo÷e oe oe ceokded iobheo dn su vkde n` cb`gu`tb dn abrme pbsktkve, ns dnckr cuå`tb on iuste e u`e pnrsb`e oe vkde qun oonve No  cb`cnptb dn Ceokded dn Qkde cbmb teo sn utkokzó pbr prkmnre vnz n` no eõb 5;38, skn`db Zkibu dnsdn no cempb dn oe ncb`bmíe qukë` ecuõó oe dnak`kckó` rnakrkë`dbsn e obs snrvkckbs b cbstbs sbckeons dn oes dnckskb`ns dn ibhknr`b pere pbdnr esí ceocuo ceo cuoer er u` prbduc prbductb tb sbc sbckeo keo `ntb< `ntb< pbr pbr btr btrb b oedb, oedb, eut eutbrn brnss nsc nsce`d e`dk`e k`evbs vbs feh fehíe` íe` prbpunstb rnoeckb`er obs `kvnons dn vkde cb` oe setksaecckó` dn oes `ncnskdedns sbckeons (Tb`b`, 8::1). Sk hkn` oe k`vnstkieckó` ecnrce dno cb`cnptb fe kdb nvbouckb`e`db n` no tre`scursb dn oe fkstbrke ectueomn`tn sn dkcn qun oe ceokded dn vkde kmpokce oe pertkckpeckó` dn obs ckudede`bs n` oe nveoueckó` dn obs qun ons eancte, då`dbon esí u`e ski`kakceckó` pboít pb oítkc kce, e, qun qun pb pbrr bt btrb rb oe oedb db cb`t cb`trk rkhu huyn yn pe pere re ob obss ns nstu tudk dkbs bs dn dnoo hk hkn` n`ns nste terr dn oe oess

 

pnrsb`es, dnsdn u`e mkrede dno hkn`nster aískcb y pskcboóikcb cbmb esí temhkë` su rnoe rnoeck ckó` ó` cb` cb` oe oess `ncn `ncnsk skde dedn dnss metn metnrk rkeo eons ns,, sbck sbckbe bean anct ctkv kves es k` k`tn tnir ired edes es n` oe oess mndkckb`ns pskcboóikces y sbckeons dn oe pnrcnpckó` y nveoueckó` dn obs sugntbs dn sus nxpnrkn`ckes (Ceses, 5;;; cktedb n` Tb`ó` 8::1). Nstn trehegb dn k`vnstkieckó` sn heserå n` u` e`åoksks prbau`db sbhrn dn oe ceokded dn vkde, esbckedb cb` obs k`dkcedbrns dn seoud aískce y mn`teo, y pbr btrb oedb temhkë` cbmb sn epokce n` no cempb pbokcíe y su kmpbrte`cke, Ednmås, cómb sn fe` nmponedb oes nstretnikes mntbdboóikces pere oe k`vnstkieckó` vk`cuoede e oe ceokded dn vkde.

BHGNTKQB DN NST^DKB

KMZBXTE@CKE [ DKXNCCKÓ@ DNO NST^DKB No trehegb pbokckeo tkn`dn e snr cb`skdnredb cbmb nstrnse`tn y pnokirbsb dnhkdb e oe nxpbskckó` qun sn tkn`n e oe cb`arb`teckó`, oe vkbon`cke y obs k`ckdn`tns treumåtkcbs, k`couyn`db oe pbskhkokded dn snr fnrkdb b aeooncnr. N`trn oes ectkvkdedns rneokzedes pbr obs pbokcíes nstå no dn`u`cker k`arecckb`ns, dntn`nr dnok`cun`tns y fecnr cumpokr  oes onyns< y dndkce` u`e ire` pertn dn su tknmpb e ectkvkdedns eskstn`ckeons y rnsbouckó` dn cb`aokctbs n`trn pertkcuoerns b oe cbmu`kded. Zbr ob te`tb, ns `ncnserkb y rnonve`tn cb`skdnrer oe seoud mn`teo y ceokded dn vkde n` pbokcíes n` ngnrckckb dn su au`ckó`.

 

No bhgntkvb dn oe ceokded dn vkde `b pundn snr btrb sk`b no eumn`tb dn obs eõbs dn vkde y no eumn`tb dn oe ceokded dn vkde dn obs mksmb b cbmb sn fe dkcfb, no dnserrboob y in`nreokzeckó` dn u`e ‟vkde dn ceokded”. Nonmn`tb dnckskvb pere noob ns oe nxpnrkn`cke dno prbpkb sugntb, oe pertkckpeckó` dno prbpkb k`dkvkdub n` no cb`trbo dn su prbpke vkde, dn su nstedb dn seoud.

G^STKAKCECKB@ N` nstn nstudkb fehoernmbs sbhrn oe ceokded dn vkde dn obs pbokcíes ye qun ns muy kmpbrt kmp brte`tn e`tn su nstehko nstehkokde kdedd pskcboó pskcboóikce ikce ye qun nstå vk`cuoedb eo hkn`nster pere oe rneokzeckó` dn sus au`ckb`ns cb` ectktudns pbsktkves n` ob pnrsb`eo, oehbreo y sbckeo.

CEZKT^OB K

CB@CNZTB DN CEOKDED DN QKDE No cb`cnptb dn ceokded dn vkde rnprnsn`te u` ‟tërmk`b muotkdkmn`skb`eo dn oes pboítkces sbckeons qun ski`kakce tn`nr hun`es cb`dkckb`ns dn vkde ‖bhgntkves‛ y u` eotb ired iredb b dn hkn` hkn`ns nste terr ‖suh ‖suhgn gntktkvb vb‛,‛, y te temh mhkë kë` ` k` k`co couy uyn n oe se setks tksae aecc cckó kó` ` cb cbon onct ctkv kve e dn `ncnskdedns e trevës dn pboítkces sbckeons n` edkckó` e oe setksaecckó` k`dkvkdueo dn `ncnskdedns ‟. Oe ceokded dn vkde muy pbces vncns ns dede. Mucfbs eutbrns pkn`se` pbr ngnmpob qun `b pbdnmbs fehoer ski`kakcetkvemn`tn ecnrce dn oe ceokded dn vkde n` in`nreo, sk`b qun tn`nmbs qun dnak`kr dbmk`kbs nspncíakcbs dn oe ceokded dn vkde, Temhkë`

 

n` oe pbhoeckó` dn rnanrn`cke ns rnonve`tn, E mn`udb no cb`cnptb dn ‟hkn`nster” ns usedb cbmb sk`ó`kmb dn ceokded dn vkde. Mucfbs eutbrns esumn` u`e rnoeckó` ceuse nanctb n`trn obs rncursbs y oes cb`dkckb`ns dn vkde7 mkn`tres mås y mngbrns rncursbs u`b tn`ie meybr ns oe oe prbhehkokded dn u`e hun`e ceokded dn vkde. Fey mås tkpbs dn cb`dkckb`ns dn vkde7

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Cb`dkckb`ns ncb`ómkces

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Cb`dkckb`ns sbckeons

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Cb`dkckb`ns pboítkces

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Cb`dkckb`ns dn seoud

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Cb`dkckb`ns `etureons

Oe ceokded dn vkde sn nveo÷e e`eokze`db ck`cb årnes dkanrn`tns7 5. Hkn`nster aískcb (cb` aískcb (cb` cb`cnptbs cbmb oe seoud, seoud, sniurkded 8.

Hkn Hkn`ns `nster ter metnrkeo metnrkeo (fe (feckn ckn`d `db b eouskó eouskó` ` e k`i k`irns rnsbs, bs, pn pnrtn rtn`n` `n`cke ckes, s, vkv vkvkn` kn`de, de, tre`spbrtn, ntc.).

3. Hkn`nster Hkn`nster sbc sbckeo keo (rnoeck (rnoeckb`ns b`ns pnrsb`e pnrsb`eons, ons, emkstedns emkstedns,, aemkoke, cbmu cbmu`kded `kded)) 4. Dnserrboob Dnserrboob ((prbdu prbductkvk ctkvkded, ded, ccb`trkh b`trkhuckó` uckó`,, nduceckó nduceckó`) `) >. Hkn`nster Hkn`nster nmbc nmbckb`eo kb`eo (eutbnstkm (eutbnstkme, e, mn`teokded, mn`teokded, k`tnokin`c k`tnokin`cke ke nmbckb`eo, nmbckb`eo, rnokikó`, rnokikó`, nspkrktueokded). ^` k`dkcedbr cbm÷`mn`tn usedb pere mndkr oe ceokded dn vkde ns no Í`dkcn dn Dnserrboob Fume`b (KDF), Fume`b (KDF), nstehonckdb pbr oes @eckb`ns ^`kdes pere mndkr no iredb

 

dn dnserrboob dn obs peísns e trevës dno Zrbireme dn oes @eckb`ns ^`kdes pere no Dnserrboob (Z@^D), Dnserrboob  (Z@^D), cuyb cåocuob sn rneokze e pertkr dn oes skiukn`tns verkehons7 5. Nspnre`ze dn vkde. vkde. 8. Nduceckó`, Nduceckó`, (n` tbdbs obs `kvnons). 3.   ZKH pnr cåpkte.

CEOKDED DN QKDE [ HKN@NSTEX SBCKEO Tkn`n ck`cb cempbs e cbmprn`dnr

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Aískcb7 Espnctbs dn sniurkded y seoud aískce.

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Metnrkeo7 Cb`ter cb` u`e vkvkn`de dki`e y prbpke, cb` eccnsb e tbdbs obs snrvkckbs håskcbs, eokmn`tbs eo eoce`cn, mndkbs dn tre`spbrtn.

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Nducetkvbs7 Nxkstn`cke y cnrce`íe e u`e nduceckó` db`dn pnrmkte empoker obs cb`bckmkn`tbs dn abrme k`dkvkdueo y cbonctkve.

 

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Nmbckb`eo7 Cempb muy kmpbrte`tn pere cueoquknr snr fume`b, mndke`tn no cueo pnrmktn qun su nstedb nmbckb`eo veye crnckn`db n k`tnrrnoeckb`ersn nakcezmn`tn.

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Sbckeo7 No snr fume`b tkn`n bpckb`ns k`tnrpnrsb`eons cb` `÷conbs håskcbs cbmb oe aemkoke y círcuobs dn emkstedns qun pnrmkte` no dnserrboob dno mksmb

AECTBXNS DN OE CEOKDED DN QKDE  E ire`dns resibs pundn` kdn`tkakcersn `umnrbsbs y dkstk`tbs aectbrns qun k`tn k` tnrv rvkn kn`n `n` ` pe pere re hk hkn` n` b pere pere me meoo n` oe ce ceokokde ded d dn vk vkde de dn oe oess sb sbck cknd nded edns ns,, dnpn`dkn`db dn cómb u`b feie su nstudkb. Zbdríembs, sk` nmherib, eiruperoes n` cetnibríes muy in`nreons7

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Cb`tnxtb emhkn`teo7 Oes iunrres, iunrres, k`n k`nste stehko hkokde kdedns dns pbo pboítk ítkces ces,, cb` cb`dkc dkckb` kb`ns ns nxtrnmes ncb`ómkces b dn trehegb dntnrmk`e` n` ire` mndkde oe ceokded dn

 

vkde dn u` k`dkvkdub b u` irupb fume`b, irupb fume`b, e pertkr dn oes cb`sncun`ckes qun su cb`tnxtb fkstórkcb ngnrze` sbhrn ëo. 

N`tbr`b N`t br`b sbckeo7 sbcke o7 No iredb dn k`snrckó` n` oe sbcknded, no epbyb aemkoker, oe prnsn`cke dn k`stktuckb`ns k`stktuckb`ns prbtnctbres  prbtnctbres b oe merik`eckó` sbckeo sb`, temhkë`, verkehons qun sn gunie` e oe fbre dn pn`ser oe ceokded dn vkde. Dn fncfb, k`dkvkdubs dn u`e mksme rnikó` pundn` tn`nr dkstk`tes ceokdedns dn vkde dn ecunrdb e su n`tbr`b sbckeo.

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Cb`dkckb`ns Cb`dkckb `ns vkteons7 Oe rkqunze y oe pbhrnze, pbhrnze, oes bpbrtu`kdedns rneons, n` ak`, oes cb`dkckb`ns n` qun u` k`dkvkdub vkn`n eo mu`db y sn dnserrbooe k` k`ck ckdn dn` ` dkrn dkrnct ctem emn` n`tn tn n` su suss bpbr bpbrtu tu`k `kde dedn dnss y n` su ce ceokokde ded d dn vk vkde de n` in`nreo.

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Setksaecckó`

pnrsb`eo7 E

`kvnons

muy

pnrsb`eons,

oes

dnckskb`ns

k`dkvkdueons y no mbdb ÷`kcb dn okdker cb` tbdes oes cb`dkckb`ns e`tnrkbrns sb`, temhkë`, aectbrns dn kmpbrte`cke n` oe ceokded dn vkde dn u` k`dkvkdub. 

Cuoture Cuo ture y sbc sbcknde knded d7 Oes cb`dkckb`ns cuotureons ngnrckdes sbhrn u` k`dkvkdub b u` irupb dn noobs pbr no rnstb dn oe cbmu`kded cbmu`kded b  b pbr sí mksmbs tempbcb pundn` snr dngedes dn oedb.

K@DKCEDBXNS DN CEOKDED DN QKDE N` no nstudkb nstedístkcb dn oe ceokded dn vkde, sn nxemk`e` dn me`nre bhgntkve obs k`dkcedbrns dn oe ceokded dn vkde7 obs nonmn`tbs qun dnhn` snr k`tnrrbiedbs pere fecnrsn u`e kdne rnspnctb dno mbdb dn vkvkr dn oes sbckndedns. Eoiu`bs dn noobs sb`7

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Cb`dkckb`ns metnrkeons7 Xkqunze, eccnsb eo efbrrb, efbrrb, tkpb dn vkvkn`de, ntc.

 

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seoerkb, cb`dkckb`ns dn Trehegb7 Are`ge oehbreo (abrmeo, k`abrmeo, konieo), seoerkb, nmponb, ntc.

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fkikn`n dkerke,  dkerke, Seoud7 Eccnsb e snrvkckb mëdkcb, e mndkck`es, cb`dkckb`ns dn fkikn`n ntc.

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Nduceckó`77 @kvno ecedëmkcb abrmeo eoce`zedb, eccnsb e oe nduceckó` e tbdb Nduceckó` `kvno, ntc.

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Bckb y rnoeckb`ns sbckeons7  Eccnsb eo n`trntn`kmkn`tb, ce`tkded dn tknmpb okhrn, `kvno dn k`tnireckó` e oe o e sbcknded, oezbs eanctkvbs, ntc.

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Sniurkded aískce y pnrsb`eo7 Dn cere e oes cb`dkckb`ns dn vkde, trehegb, ntc.

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Dnrncfbs håskcbs7 Zrbtncckó` (b dnsemperb) dn pertn dn oes k`stktuckb`ns

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dno Nstedb Nstedb,, ntc. N`tbr`b y mndkb emhkn`tn emhkn`tn77 Cb`dkckb`ns inbiråakces dn vkde, n`tbr`b k`mndketb dn dnserrboob vkteo, ntc

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CEOKDED DN QKDE OEHBXEO Oe ceokded dn vkde n` no trehegb rnprnsn`te no iredb dn setksaecckó` dn oes `ncnskdedns dn obs mknmhrbs dn oe nmprnse mndke`tn su ectkvkded n` nooe. Oe ceokded dn vkde ns oe abrme cbmb sn nveo÷e` oes ckrcu`ste`ckes dn oe vkde pere nstehoncnr sk sb` setksaectbrkes b suscnptkhons dn mngbre, n` no trehegb oe ceokded dn

 

vkde temhkë` temhkë` ve e dntnr dntnrmk`er mk`ersn sn pbr oe setksaecckó` setksaecckó` qun no nmponedb skn skn`tn `tn n` rnoeckó` e oes ckrcu`ste`ckes qun rbdne` sus ectkvkdedns oehbreons. ^` ngnmpob dn epokceckó` dn oe ceokded dn vkde eo trehegb sn pundn bhsnrver cb`  Edem Smktf n` su cëon cëonhrn hrn bhre7 oe Xkqunze Xkqunze dn oes @eckb`ns @eckb`ns y oe dkvkskó` dno trehegb. Nstb Ns tbss cí círc rcuo uobs bs dn oe Ceokd Ceokded ed tkn tkn`n `n` ` su ië ië`n `nsk skss n` oe prnb prnbcu cupe peck ckó` ó` dn oe oess nmprnses dn dbs espnctbs, qun sb`7 e) Zrbd Zrbducck ucckó`. ó`. - Oe ceokded dno prbductb tnrmk`edb. h) Zrbcn Zr bcnsb. sb. - Mngbr eprbvncfemkn`tb dno pbtn`ckeo fume`b.

NO SNXQKCKB Z×HOKCB [ OE CEOKDED DN QKDE Oe brie`kzeckó` hurbcråtkce dn obs au`ckb`erkbs p÷hokcbs, supb`n u`e nstructure dn  gnrerquíe pkremkdeo, n` oe cueo sn skiun` rnioes y prbcndkmkn`tbs u`kabrmns n

 

kmpnrsb`eons, pere esniurer mndke`tn no dnsnmpnõb dn obs au`ckb`erkbs oe meybr  nakckn`cke n` cue`tb e oe setksaecckó` dn obs rnqunrkmkn`tbs dn oe pbhoeckó`. No dnsnmpnõb edncuedb dn obs snrvkdbrns p÷hokcbs cb` rnspnctb e oes `ncnskdedns dn oe pbhoeckó` pbdríe nster rnoeckb`edb cb` obs mngbrns `kvnons dn ceokded dn vkde tbde vnz qun oe rnspunste p÷hokce sn ednc÷e e oe sbokcktud dn oe ckudede`íe pere

ectkver u` snrvkckb p÷hokcb.

 

N` no cesb dn oe pbokcíe, oe mksme nstå rncb`bckde

 

cbmb cbm b u` snr snrvkc vkckb kb p÷ p÷hok hokcb cb qun etk etkn`d n`dn n rnqun rnqunrkmk rkmkn`t n`tbs bs pbr per pertn tn dn oe pbh pbhoec oeckó` kó` dn `etureonze verkede.

NODNSNMZNÕB ZBOKCKEOCBMB SNXQKCKB Z×HOKCB

N` oe nsceoe brie`kzetkve dn obs au`ckb`erkbs p÷hokcbs, obs pbokcíes sb` snrvkdbrns p÷hokcbs dn cuyb dnsnmpnõb dnpn`dn, dnpn`dn, no hkn`nster dn oe pbhoeckó` e oe cueo skrvn`. No crktnrkb dn ceokded dn vkde dn oe pbhoeckó` n` u`e obceokded dntnrmk`ede tkn`n rnoeckó` cb` oes rnspunstes pbr pertn dn oe k`ste`cke pbokckeo cue`db sn trete dn rnsbov rns bovnr nr sktuec sktueckb` kb`ns ns k`d k`dnsn nsned edes es pbr per pertn tn dn oe pbhoe pbhoeckó ckó`. `. Zer Zere e oe sniur sniurkde kded d ckudede`e cb` rnspnctb e oe au`ckó` pbokckeo, no cb`cnptb dn ceokded dn vkde nstå esbckedb cb` oe pnrcnpckó` dn oe pbhoeckó` sbhrn oes ecckb`ns bpbrtu`es dn obs au`ckb au` ckb`er `erkbs kbs pbokck pbokckeon eons, s, tn`dkn tn`dkn`tn `tnss e k`f k`fkhkr khkr,, `nu `nutre treokze okzerr b ces cestki tkier er skt sktuec ueckb` kb`ns ns

 

dnokctkves b `b dnokctkves qun vuo`nrn` b emn`ecn` oe sniurkded ckudede`e. Oe ceokded dn vkde dn oe pbhoeckó` n` nstn cesb, ns u`e nxpnctetkve irupeo cb` rnspnctb e oe pbokcíe cbmb k`ste`cke p÷hokce qun prbvnn u` snrvkckb p÷hokcb dnstk`edb e su setksaecckó`. CEZKT^OB KK

QKSKÓ@ [/B EZOKCEHKOKDED EO CEMZB ZBOKCKEO Oe pbokcíe ns prbhehonmn`tn oe k`ste`cke dn cb`trbo sbckeo abrmeo mås cnrce`e eo ckudede`b y n` au`ckó` dn nstb, dnhn esumkr oe rnspb`sehkokded dn oe ceokded dn sus rnspunstes, cue`db su ectueckó` ns cb`vbcede, sknmprn qun sn tretn dn sktueckb`ns dn vuo`nrehkokded y rknsib. N` nstn sn`tkdb, oe bpk`kó` k`dkvkdueo b irupeo sbhrn oe ectueckó` pbokckeo pundn nster esbckede cb` no eoce`cn dno hkn`nster, sk sn n`tkn`dn qun oe prbvkskó` dno snrvkckb pbokckeo, nstå brkn`tede e der cursb e oes dn`u`ckes rneokz rne okzed edes es pb pbrr pe pertn rtn dn oe pbhoec pbhoeckó` kó`.. Noob Noob pnrmkt pnrmktkríe kríe qun oe pbhoec pbhoeckó` kó` pnr pnrckh ckhe e prbtncckó` dn obs dnrncfbs dnak`kdbs n` me`detbs cb`stktuckb`eons, cbmb ns no cesb dn oe sn sniu iurk rkde ded d ckud ckuded ede` e`e e y cb` cb` noob noob se setktksa saec ecnr nr `n `ncn cnsk skde dedn dnss sb sbck ckeo eons ns dn teo teo `etureonze.

Zere oe sniurkded ckudede`e cb` rnspnctb e oe au`ckó` pbokckeo, no cb`cnptb dn ceokded dn vkde nstå esbckedb cb` oe pnrcnpckó` dn oe pbhoeckó` sbhrn oes ecckb`ns bpbrtu`es dn obs au`ckb`erkbs pbokckeons, tn`dkn`tns e k`fkhkr, `nutreokzer b cestkier  sktu sktuec eckb kb`n `nss dnokc dnokctkv tkves es b `b dnokc dnokctktkve vess qu qun n vu vuo` o`nr nrn` n` b em emn` n`ec ecn` n` oe sn sniu iurk rkde ded d ckudede`e.  Oe ceokded dn vkde dn oe pbhoeckó` n` nstn cesb, ns u`e nxpnctetkve irupeo cb` rnspnctb e oe pbokcíe cbmb k`ste`cke p÷hokce qun prbvnn u` snrvkckb p÷hokcb dnstk`edb e su setksaecckó`.

 

CEZKT^OB KKK  E@ÅOKSKS DN DN OE K@ABXMECKÓ@ K@ABXMECKÓ@ Nste Nst e k`v k`vnst nstkie kieckó ckó` ` ehb ehbrde rde oe rno rnoeck eckó` ó` n`t n`trn rn oe ce ceokd okded ed dn vkd vkde, e, cbm cbmb b cb` cb`cnp cnptb tb vk`cuoedb eo hkn`nster, oe rneokzeckó` n` okhnrted cb` oes cepeckdedns, pbr pertn dn oe pbhoeckó`, y oe prnsteckó` dno snrvkckb dn pbokcíe, cbmb u`e k`ste`cke p÷hokce qun, mndk mn dke` e`tn tn oe ednc edncue uede de rn rnsp spun unst ste e e ob obss rn rnqu qunr nrkm kmkn kn`t `tbs bs dn oe pbho pbhoec eckó kó` ` y oe mk`kmkzeckó` dn oes sktueckb`ns dn vuo`nrehkokded y rknsib, cb`trkhuyn e k`crnmn`ter  oe sniurkded ckudede`e, qun e su vnz rndu`de n` no nstedb dn hkn`nster. Obs pbokcíes sb` snrvkdbrns p÷hokcbs dn cuyb dnsnmpnõb dnpn`dn, no hkn`nster dn oe pbhoeckó` e oe cueo skrvn`. Sk` nmherib, no snrvkckb pbokckeo `b nstå snperedb dn oe pnrcnpckó` cbmu`kterke sbhrn oes `ncnskdedns n` metnrke dn sniurkded Oes pboítkces sbckeons rnquknrn`, pere tn`nr u` kmpectb n` oe ceokded dn vkde n` in`nreo, nxtn`dnrsn n` abrme u`kvnrseo pere prbcurer no eccnsb nquktetkvb dn tbdbs obs ckudede`bs e oes bpbrtu`kdedns dn eoce`zer meybrns `kvnons dn hkn`nster. No Nstedb, cbmb ectbr p÷hokcb qun etkn`dn obs rnqunrkmkn`tbs dn oe pbhoeckó`, dnhn prbyncter su ecckó` fecke oe meybríe dn obs fehkte`tns, dn ecunrdb cb` oe k`tn`skded dn oes `ncnskdedns y oes okmkteckb`ns dn bpbrtu`kdedns pere setksaecnroes.

 

CB@CO^SKB@NS 

Oe ceokded dn vkde ns dnak`kde pbr oe BMS cbmb ‟oe pnrcnpckó` k`dkvkdueo dn oe pbskckó` n` oe vkde n` no cb`tnxtb dno skstnme cuotureo y dn veobrns n` db` db `dn vkv kvn n y n` rn rnoe oeck ckó` ó` e su suss bhgn gntktkvvbs, nx nxp pncte nctetktkve ves, s, `brm rmes es y prnbcupeckb`ns”.

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N`tr N` trn n oe oess verk verkeh ehon onss esbc esbcke kede dess eo cb`s cb`str truc uctb tb ce ceokokde ded d dn vk vkde de ns nstå tå` ` ob obss nstrns nst rnsbrn brnss bri brie`k e`kzec zeckb` kb`eon eonss y bpn bpnrec reckb` kb`eon eonss dno tre treheg hegb, b, oe nxpbsk nxpbskckó ckó` ` e dnse dn sest strn rns, s, oe pn pnrc rcnp npck ckó` ó` dn ob tre treum umåt åtkc kcb b dn dnoo dnse dnsest strn rn,, ob obss resi resibs bs dn pnrsb`eokded, nstkobs dn earb`temkn`tb dno nstrës, oe dnprnskó`, y pedncnr u`e n`anrmnded aískce.

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N`trn oes prbpunstes dn mngbre dn oe ceokded dn vkde n` Zbokcíes nstehoncn` oe Kdn`tkakceckó` dno nstrnsbr y su rnducckó` (trehegb), n`trn`emkn`tb n` no me`ngb dno nstrës (k`dkvkdueo), esnsbremkn`tb u brkn`teckó` n` no ouier dn trehegb.

 

XNCBMN@DECKB@NS 

Fecnr u` dkei`óstkcb dn oe rneokded pskcboóikce dn obs snrvkdbrns pbokckeons qun nxpokqun oes cerectnrístkces dn oes ectktudns y no cbmpbrtemkn`tb dn cede u`b dn noobs pere abceokzer y rnabrzer obs espnctbs nducetkvbs n` veobrns.



Sn dnhn epokcer nstretnikes brkn`tedes e abrteoncnr oe cuoture brie`kzeckb`eo e trevës dno dnserrboob dn u` skstnme dn kdn`tkded k`stktuckb`eo.

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Nducer, y sbckeokzer, qun, oe ëtkce trete "ob qun ns oe rneokded" pnrb pere no trehegb pbokckeo trehegb  pbokckeo sn dnhn huscer "ob qun dnhnríe snr" qun ns snõeoer no auturb.

 

OKMKTECKB@NS 

Oe k`vn k`vnst stki kiec eckó kó` ` sn fe feooooe e okmk okmkte tede de pbr pbr no espn espnct ctb b dn tknmpb tknmpb  y oe aeote dn hkhokbireaíe qun hkhokbireaíe qun `b pnrmktn qun no nqukpb dn k`vnstkieckó` sn dndkqun cb` nxcouskvkded e nste ectkvkded, pbr cue`tb tkn`n qun cumpokr cb` no dnserrboob dn oes ecckb`ns ecckb`ns ecedëmkces  ecedëmkces dno cursb.

 

HKHOKBIXEAKE 

fttp7//www.pep fttp7/ /www.pepnonsdnops nonsdnopskcbobib.n kcbobib.ns/pda/8: s/pda/8:31.pda 31.pda

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fttps7//www.ec fttps7/ /www.ecednmke.nd ednmke.ndu/89>5;343/ u/89>5;343/DBCTXK@E DBCTXK@ERZBOKCKE RZBOKCKEO O

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fttps7//rnpbsktbrkbecednmkcb.upc.ndu.pn/hktstrnem/fe`don/5:9>9/18>546/Wuez bRue.pda2snqun`cn=5&ksEoobwnd=y

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fttps7//scfboer fttps7/ /scfboer.ibbion. .ibbion.ns/scfboer ns/scfboer2 2 fo=ns&esRsdt=:%8C>&q=ceokded+dn+vkde fo=ns&esRsdt=:%8C> &q=ceokded+dn+vkde&ht`I=&or=oe`iRns&bq &ht`I=&or=oe`iRns&bq= =

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fttps7//www.k fttps7/ /www.k`abinrb`t `abinrb`tbobike. bobike.cbm/dbcumn cbm/dbcumn`ts/hur `ts/hur`but/ert `but/ertkcuobsRue kcuobsRuem/ceok m/ceokdedd dedd nvkde.pda 

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fttp7//www.pep fttp7/ /www.pepnonsdnops nonsdnopskcbobib.n kcbobib.ns/pda/8: s/pda/8:31.pda 31.pda

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fttps7//dkeo`nt.u`krkbge.ns/snrvont/ertkcuob2cbdkib=35:>98 fttps7//dkeo`nt.u`krkbge.ns/snrvont/ertkcu ob2cbdkib=35:>98>#7~7tnxt=Nstn%8:ert >#7~7tnxt=Nstn%8:ert %C3%EDcuob%8:ehbrde%8:oe%8:rnoeck%C %C3%EDcuob%8:eh brde%8:oe%8:rnoeck%C3%H3`,dn%8:oe%8: 3%H3`,dn%8:oe%8:pbhoeck pbhoeck %C3%H3`%8:y%8:oe

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fttp7//www.rn fttp7/ /www.rnks.cks. ks.cks.ns/XNKS/ ns/XNKS/ZDA/XNKS ZDA/XNKSR:>;R:;.pd R:>;R:;.pdaa

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 fttps7//cb`cnptb.dn/ceokded-dn-vkde/#kxzz1^uotsyuW

 

E@NVBS