Calidad de Servicio en Redes de Telecomunicaciones
September 20, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Kin`did do sorv`k`m ol rodos do tonokmeul`kik`mlos Irt`kno `l Oxtols`ml`sem @llmvik`ûl y Trilscorolk`i Toklmnûa`ki Toklmnûa`ki ±
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;2 - Kin`did do sorv`k`m ol rodos do tonokmeul`kik`mlos. SINDOW, Inhortm D.
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KIN@DID DO [OXS@K@M OL XODO[ DO TONOKME_L@KIK@MLO[ SINDOW, Inhortm D.: E@XILDI, Kirnms I.: [KFNO[@LAOX [K FNO[@LAOX,, Rimni Rimni N.: KF@MWWI, KF@ MWWI, Guil I.: E@XILDI, Kirnms S.: AXONI, Ihon I.(*)
gm so roin`zi uli rov`s`ûl `ltoarin `l toarin hisidi ol Nis rodos do tonokmeul`kik`mlos quo dmkueoltms ronoviltos smhro on toei. trilspmrtil `lcmreik`ûl do d`vorsi åldmRinihris knivos7 Ym[, trékm, prmkosino, ol su aril eiymråi ol ol ul cmreitm d`a`tin `ldopold`olto do su su liturinozi, liturinozi, fil e`oltm, pr`mr`did, ocokt`v`did. krok`dm do uli eilori euy rép`di ol nis dms ÷nt`eis dàkidis. Osto krok`e`oltm tri@. @LTXMD_KK@ÛL Ol on `l`k`m nis rodos do tonokmeul` gm ipirogidm ni ut`n`zik`ûl do vonmk`didos euy onovidis, arildos ilkfms do hildi y kik`mlos so `epnoeoltihil ut`n`zildm tokuli vir`odid `epmrtilto do eod`ms cås`kms lmnmaåis hisidis ol tàkl`kis do kmleutido trilse`s`ûl. [` i ostm no sueiems on do- k`ûl do k`rku`tms. Ol osto t`pm do rodos, in sirrmnnm vort`a`lmsm don prmkosie`oltm d`a`- rotolor ul k`rku`tm dod`kidm piri kidi kmtin do ni `lcmreik`ûl y ni eunt`pn`k`did do eul`kik`ûl, so kuolti kml rotirdm eål`em tieh`àl àl so isoauri quo lm puodi eàtmdms, s`stoeis y smctwiro ut`n`zidms ol y gm, y tieh` pms do aril kipik`did do eilogm do ditms ox`st`r kmlaost`ûl piri nis kmeul`kik`mlos ostihnok`dis. ok`dis. Kuinqu` Kuinqu`or or `ltolt `ltoltmm do kmdo eilori soauri y kmlihno ol on eolmr yi ostihn t`oepm pms`hno, lm pmdoems dogir do fihnir lox`ûl os hnmquoidm s` ni rod lm d`spmlo XO[_EOL
do `epmrtilk`i Kin`did do ni [orv`k`m. Dosdodoniosquoeis pr`eori do kmeul`kik`ûl tonocûl`ki ilinûa`ki i nis iktuinos hisidis ol soùinos d`a`tinos ni toklmnmaåi ovmnuk`mlû vort`a`lmsieolto, porm ni kin`did do sorv`k`m so eiltuvm kmem ul kmlkoptm do v`tin `epmrtilk`i. Ol on prosolto trihi-
do suk`oltos. Nis rodos hisidis rokursms ol kmleutik`ûl do k`rku`tms, kuoltil `lforoltoeolto kml uli inti kin`did do sorv`k`m (Yuin`ty mc [orv`ko Ym[) yi quo cuorml d`soùidis piri smpmrtir trékm sols`hno i rotirdms y pàrd`dis do ipn`kik`mlos kmem vmz y v`dom Z9U.
(*) Cikuntid do K`olk`is Oxiktis y Liturinos y Iar`eolsuri, Dopirtieoltm do @laol`oråi, _LLO, Kmrr`oltos KR;422, Iraolt`li. dvindozBoxi.ullo.odu.ir
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Nis rodos hisidis ol tàkl`kis do kmleutik`ûl do piquotos so d`soùil ut`n`zildm inamr`tems ostidåst`kms. Ostis rodos sml nis eés ok`oltos, y ostél idiptidis piri hr`ldir sorv`k`m sorv`k` m i ni eiymråi do nis ipn`kik`mlos, ipn`k ik`mlos,
Do osti eilori so puodo pr`mr`zir ul t`pm smhro mtrm in ut`n`zir nms rokursms do ni rod, kmem pmr ogoepnm pr`mr`zir on trékm sols`hno i rotirdms y pàrd`dis (t`oepm roin). On osquoei do Ym[ do sorv`k`m pore`to kml-
porm on rotirdm vir`ihno y ni pms`hno pàrd`di do `lcmreik`ûl, puodol aolorir prmhnoeis in trékm sols`hno i ostms piréeotrms. Ol ostis rodos, ol nuair do hnmquoir luovms `ltoltms do kmeul`kik`mlos ilto cinti do rokursms, nis e`seis so kursil, ineikolildm on trékm oxkodolto ol huflors durilto nms p`kms do ut`n`zik`ûl. Osti tàkl`ki aolori ul rotirdm vir`ihno, kmrrospmld`olto in t`oepm quo so ineikolil nms piquotos ol nms huflors. Kmem nms huflors t`olol ul nåe`to, durilto por`mdms do kmlaost`ûl os pms`hno quo so doskirtol piquotos. Nis rodos kmlvoraoltos, quo eilogil e÷nt`pnos sorv`k`ms kml uli e`sei `lcriostrukturi, sml ni eogmr mpk`ûl fmy ol dåi piri nms mporidmros, pmr su vorsit`n`did y ok`olk`i kml rospoktm i su kmstm, iulquo os pms`hno quo lm smpmrtol ipn`kik`mlos ospokåkis kml ni ok`olk`i quo nm firåi uli rod kmlstru`di ospokåkieolto piri d`kfi ipn`kik`ûl. Riri ie`lmrir osto kmepmrtie`oltm, ni ipn`kik`ûl do osquoeis ok`oltos do Ym[ pisi i tmeir ul rmn culdieoltin ol rodos kmlvoraoltos, yi quo ni e`sei doho sor ox`hno y smpmrtir eukfms t`pms do ipn`kik`mlos y sorv`k`ms. Ni culk`ûl hés`ki do ul osquoei do Ym[ os rokmlmkor nms d`coroltos ugms do trékm prmvol`oltos do d`coroltos ipn`kik`mlos. _li voz quo so fi rokmlmk`dm on ugm, so puodo prmkodor i ospok`kir do quà cmr-
trmnir on ikkosm i nms rokursms d`spml`hnos. Nms pr`lk`pinos piréeotrms kml nms quo trihigi ul osquoei do Ym[ sml7 Ilkfm do Hildi (Hildw`dtf)7 Dolo ni kipik`did do trilscor`r `lcmreik`ûl oxtroem i oxtroem. Kuildm ox`sto suk`olto ilkfm do hildi, lm so olkuoltril prmhnoeis i l`von do kin`did, yi quo on osquoei do Ym[ so ipn`ki in ox`st`r kmlaost`ûl. Do osti cmrei, `lkroeoltir on ilkfm do hildi os uli cmrei do rosmnvor osto prmhnoei. Xotirdm (Doniy)7 Dolo on rotirdm quo ox`sto ol nis kmeul`kik`mlos oltro nms oxtroems. Ni kiusi don e`sem os on rotirdm ismk`idm i nis nålois y toklmnmaåis do trilse`s`ûl, y on rotirdm do huflor`la ismk`idm i nis kmnis do trékm ol rodos quo usil eunt`pn`kik`ûl ostidåst`ki. Sir`ik`ûl don Xotirdm (G`ttor)7 Osto piréeotrm `ld`ki nms d`coroltos vinmros do rotirdm quo puodol prosoltir nms piquotos do uli kmeul`kik`ûl. [` h`ol ul vinmr do rotirdm intm os `ldosoihno, tolor ul vinmr vir`ihno os eés d`srupt`vm piri nis ipn`kik`mlos, yi quo lm os prodok`hno y os d`cåk`n quo nis ipn`kik`mlos puodil igustirso in e`sem. Ràrd`di (Nmss)7 Osto piréeotrm so rooro i ni pàrd`di do piquotos do uli kmeul`kik`ûl. Riri Riri k`ortis k`or tis ipn`kik`mlos, kmem nis quo roqu`orol trilse`s`ûl ol t`oepm roin, osto piréeotrm puodo sor euy d`srupt`vm, yi quo on kmstm do uli rotrilse`s`ûl rotrilse`s`ûl os pmr nm
ei so triti kidi ugm do trékm ol ni rod. aolorin eés intm y d`srupt`vm quo ni pord`di 810
;2 - Kin`did do sorv`k`m ol rodos do tonokmeul`kik`mlos. SINDOW, Inhortm D.
do `lcmreik`ûl. Ni rotrilse`s`ûl `epn`ki ul `lkroeoltm ol on t`oepm do trilse`s`ûl lmrein. Ni pàrd`di do piquotos puodo dohorso i orrmros ol nms e`sems, cinnis ol nms oqu`pms m kmlaost`ûl ol ni rod (huflors ox-
ipn`kik`mlos eunt`eod`i `ltols`vis ol on usm do ilkfm do hildi, kmem pmr ogoepnm7 stroie`la do v`dom ol inti dol`k`ûl (FD), eunt`kmlcorolk`i y v`domkmlcorolk`is. Osto olr`quok`e`oltm do nms sorv`k`ms
kod`dms). Ol on prosolto trihigm so dosirrmnniré do eilori kmlkoptuin nms toeis koltrinos quo `lvmnukril i ni Ym[ ol Xodos do onokmeul`kik`mlos, kune`lildm kml inaulis kmlknus`mlos eés h`ol aolorinos didm, ni d`vors`did y vmnueol do kidi tûp`km, prosoltildm inaulis nålois do trihigm cuturis. Ol pirt`kunir so `l`k`iré kml nis Xokmeoldik`mlos do ni _l`ûl @ltorlik`mlin do onokmeul`kik`mlos (_@), kmlt`luildm kml
fi pore`t`dm ul iueoltm ol on `ltoràs pmr pirto do nms usuir`ms eûv`nos, aolorildm ul krok`e`oltm do ni doeildi nm quo, i su voz, `epunsi i nms mporidmros do d`kfis rodos i quo eogmrol ni `lcriostrukturi `lcriostr ukturi do sus rodos, kml on mhgot`vm do dir kipik`did ilto osto iueoltm do trékm Z8U. Fmy ol dåi so ut`n`zi iepn`ieolto ni oxpros`ûl Ym[, lm sûnm ol on éeh`tm do nis tonokmeul`kik`mlos, don kuin prmv`olo, s`lm tieh`àl ol nms sorv`k`ms do hildi ilkfi,
ni `lcmreik`ûl do ni Iutmr`did Codorin do oklmnmaåis oklmnmaåis do ni @lcmreik`ûl y nis KmeuKmeul`kik`mlos (IC@K), kml ni Ym[ ol rodos @R, d`st`ltis tàkl`kis piri ihmrdirni, luovms prmtmkmnms ronik`mlidms kml ni toklmnmaåi iktuin, emdonms do ilén`s`s hisidms ol on kmltoxtm, kmltoxt m, ni Ym[ ol rodos eûv`n eûv`nos, os, nis rodos dol`dis pmr smctwiro smc twiro y do prûx`ei aolorik`ûl.
`linéehr`kms y eunt`eod`ms, quo usil @R. Ol nis rodos y s`stoeis quo so v`olol d`soùildm so t`olo kidi voz eés ol kuolti ni kin`did do culk`mlie`oltm do oxtroem i oxtroem roquor`di pmr nis ipn`kik`mlos do usuir`m: porm ni oxpros`ûl Ym[ kis` lulki so dolo h`ol, m so ni oepnoi kml pmki prok`s`ûl m orrûloieolto. Ol nm quo rospokti i nis dol`k`mlos pms`hnos do kin`did y Ym[, @[M 6428 prmpmrk`mli uli dol`k`ûl do kin`did e`oltris quo ni Xok. _@- O.622 sue`l`stri uli dol`k`ûl do Ym[7 Ni dol`k`ûl do kin`did aolorin do @[M 6428 os7 "on tmtin do nis kiriktoråst`kis do uli olt`did quo icoktil su fih`n`did piri sit`scikor lokos`didos dokniridis o `epnåk`tis" Z;U. Do `auin eilori, @[M 0222 dolo ni kin`did kmem "aridm ol on quo ul kmlgultm do kiriktoråst`kis `lforoltos sit`sciko nms roqu`s`tms". Dosdo on pultm do v`sti v `sti don usuir`m, ni dol`k`ûl do @[M 6428 piroko eogmr. Do tmdms emdms, ni Ym[ os kniri-
@@. DO[IXXMNNM On osquoei do Ym[ guoai ul rmn culdieoltin ol nis rodos do kmeul`kik`mlos do fmy ol dåi, o `luyo d`roktieolto ol ni porkopk`ûl quo nms usuir`ms t`olol don sor v`k`m do ni rod. Kidi cihr`kilto ipn`ki ul osquoei do Ym[ ol sus oqu`pms, y in fikor ul d`soùm os `epmrtilto tolor ol kuolti ni kmepit`h`n`did do nms ostéldiros. On krok`e`oltm do ni kipik`did do prmkosie`oltm do ditms do nms tore`linos eûv`nos fi pore`t`dm ni prmn`corik`ûl do 862
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eolto ul suhkmlgultm do ni kin`did anmhin. Is`e`sem, Is`e`se m, ni Xok. _@_@- O.622 dolo ni Ym[ kmem "on ocoktm anmhin do ni kin`did do culk`mlie`oltm do ul sorv`k`m, sorv `k`m, quo dotore`li on aridm do sit`scikk`ûl do ul
k`m do tonokmeul`kik`ûl so puodol dor`vir i pirt`r do ni eitr`z quo so prosolti ol ni C`auri 9. [o fi kmlstru`dm kml eukfi itolk`ûl y so fi kmeprmhidm quo os ÷t`n piri `dolt`kir nms kr`tor`ms do Ym[ piri nms
usuir`m do d`kfm sorv`k`m". Ol ni eiymråi do nis puhn`kik`mlos, y lmreis, so ut`n`zi ni oxpros`ûl "kin`did do sorv`k`m" porm m lm so ni dolo, m so rooro i uli do ostis mtris dol`k`m d ol`k`mlos. los. Rmr Rmr ogoepnm, ogoep nm, ol lmreis, lmre is, `lcmreos y ospok`kik`mlos do ni `ldustr`i lm so dolo knirieolto ni Ym[, m so fiko rocorolk`i i ni Xok. _@- O.622. Nms kr`tor`ms do kin`did do ul sorv`-
kn`oltos iltos do nilzir ul luovm sorv`k`m (vor OX 22; don O[@). Ni Kme`s`ûl do Ostud`m do ni C@KO (Codorik`ûl do @laol`orms do onokmeul`kik`ûl onokmeul`kik`ûl do ni Kmeul`did Ourmpoi) kmlknuyû quo, soa÷l ni arilunir`did do Ym[ quo ox`gi on sorv`k`m, ori pms`hno mhtolor fisti 4; kr`tor`ms do Ym[, do nms quo til sûnm 9; sml `epmrtiltos piri p iri on sorv`k`m do tonocmlåi hés`ki.
C`auri 9. Eitr`z piri cik`n`tir ni `dolt`kik`ûl do nms kr`tor`ms Ym[ piri nis kmeul`kik`mlos kmeul`kik`mlos Z;U.
Ni kin`did do culk`mlie`oltm do ni rod kmltr`huyo i ni Ym[ quo oxpor`eolti on usuir`m/kn`olto. Ol ni ovinuik`ûl do d`kfi kin`did so puodo m lm kmls`dorir ni rod kmem ul tmdm. Rmr ogoepnm, ol nis rodos @R
s`epnos ni kin`did do culk`mlie`oltm don ikkosm so sopiri lmreineolto do ni kin`did do culk`mlie`oltm do ni rod trmlkin, e`oltris quo ol on kism do @ltorlot roogi kml crokuolk`i nis kin`didos kmeh`lidis do 869
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Kin`did do sorv`k`m ol rodos do tonokmeul`kik`mlos. SINDOW, Inhortm D.
culk`mlie`oltm do rod do vir`is rodos iutûlmeis. Ol mtris Xokmeoldik`mlos _@-, kmem @.;?2 o P.9?42, so fi ostud`idm kml eés dotinno ni kin`did do culk`mlie`oltm do ni rod y ni pirto do ni Ym[ anmhin quo kmrrospmldo i `ltorciz do rod y so kmepiril k mepiril ni Ym[ y ni kin`did do culk`mlie`oltm do ni rod. Dosdo on pultm do v`sti don usuir`m, ni Xok. _@- O.622 Z4U s`auo s`oldm ni eés s`al`kit`vi do nis dol`k`mlos don _@- iulquo, kmem so d`gm, on eirkm do ni Xok. _@- O.622 quo so prmpmlo os `eprok`si ol inaulms ispoktms y fiyi pmd`dm kmlduk`r i d`vorsis `ltorprotik`mlos. Os dok`r, iulquo on eirkm do ni Xok. _@- dohoråi sor eés
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`epnoeolti ni Ym[: ostm roqu`oro eàtmdms eés dotinnidms, kml ul olcmquo "iskoldoltos", toei quo lm so ihmrdi ol osti Xokmeoldik`ûl. On pultm do osti Xokmeoldik`ûl os quo uli smni dol`k`ûl y ul smnm eirkm do Ym[ puodol smpmrtir tmdms nms pultms do v`sti (C`auri 8).
kmlkrotm y koltrirso ol ni ipn`kik`ûl, ni dol`k`ûl hés`ki do ni Ym[ os vén`di. Ol ni eitr`z do dol`k`ûl do ni Ym[ do ni auri 9 so prosoltil kr`tor`ms piri guzair ni kin`did do nis culk`mlos do kmeul`kik`ûl quo tmdm sorv`k`m sor v`k`m doho smpmrtir. Ifmri h`ol, `lknusm osti eitr`z so puodo ilin`zir kml porspokt`vis d`coroltos7 • Nis lokos`didos do Ym[ don kn`olto: • Nis mcortis do Ym[ don prmvoodmr do sorv`k`m (m Ym[ pnil`kidi/osporidi):
Nis lokos`didos do Ym[ don kn`olto dolol on l`von do kin`did quo so ox`ao ol ul dotore`lidm sorv`k`m, y so puodol oxprosir ol nolauigo kmrr`olto. In kn`olto lm no `ltorosi sihor kûem so prosti on sorv`k`m l` nms ispoktms don d`soùm `ltorlm do ni rod, puos sûnm no `epmrti ni kin`did tmtin don sor-
• Ni Ym[ kmlsoau`di u mcrok`di: • Ni kin`kik`ûl do ni Ym[ ol nis ol ol-kuostis do kn`olto. Riri quo ul eirkm do Ym[ soi vordidorieolto ÷t`n y nm suk`oltoeolto prékt`km piri ni `ldustr`i, doho tolor solt`dm ol tmdis nis porspokt`vis, kmem so `nustri ol ni C`auri 8 y so dolo eés idonilto. [` h`ol ni C`auri 8 euostri nis ronik`mlos "doskoldoltos" oltro ostms pultms do v`sti, lm `ld`ki, pmr ogoepnm, kûem on prmvoodmr do sorv`k`m
v`k`m do oxtroem i oxtroem. oxtroem. Dosdo on pultm do v`sti don kn`olto, ni Ym[ so oxprosi eod`ilto piréeotrms quo7 • [o igustil i nms ocoktms pork`h`dms pmr on usuir`m, eés quo ol sus kiusis doltrm do ni rod. • Ni cmrei do dol`rnm lm dopoldo do nis f`pûtos`s don d`soùm `ltorlm do ni rod. • Kmls`dori tmdms nms ispoktms don sorv`k`m dosdo on pultm do v`sti don kn`olto. • On prmvoodmr do sorv`k`m puodo ai ai--
C`auri 8. Rultms do v`sti smhro ni Ym[ Z;U.
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rilt`zérsonms in kn`olto, y fisti `lknu`rnms ol on kmltritm. • Doskr`hol ol tàre`lms `ldopol `ldopol-d`oltos do ni rod o `lstiuril ul nolauigo kme÷l, quo kmeproldol tiltm on usuir`m kmem on prmvoodmr do sorv`k`m. Ni Xok. _@- A.9292, quo triti nis lokos`didos do Ym[ ronit`vis i tmdis nis ipn`kik`mlos do nms usuir`ms linos, linos, rov`sto `ltoràs ospok`in, puos prosolti oxpnåk`tieolto on pultm do v`sti "lokos`didos don kn`olto", quo puodo sorv`rno in prmvoodmr do sorv`k`m piri pnil`kir su l`von do sorv`k`m do rod. Ni Ym[ mcrok`di pmr on prmvoodmr do sorv`k`m os uli doknirik`ûl don l`von do kin`did quo àn ospori mcrokor in kn`olto, y quo so oxprosi eod`ilto vinmros itr`hu`dms i nms piréeotrms. Osti cmrei do Ym[ os ospok`ineolto ÷t`n piri ni pnil`kik`ûl y piri nms ikuordms do l`von do sorv`k`m. Kidi sorv`k`m toldré su prmp`m kmlgultm do piréeotrms Ym[ (kmem ol nis knisos do Ym[ do ni Xok. _@- P.9?42 piri nms sorv`k`ms @R). On prmvoodmr do sorv`k`m puodo oxprosir ni Ym[ mcrok`di ol nolauigo kmrr`olto piri on kn`olto, y ol nolauigo tàkl`km piri su usm ol
rrupk`mlos ol osto por`mdm do ul iùm. Ni Ym[ quo kmls`auo on prmvoodmr do sorv`k`m os uli doknirik`ûl don l`von do kin`did roin inkilzidm y oltroaidm in kn`olto, k n`olto, y so oxprosi eod`ilto vinmros is`alidms i piréeotrms, quo dohol sor `dàlt`kms i nms ospok`kidms piri ni Ym[ mcrok`di, do cmrei quo so nms puodi kmepirir piri ovinuir on l`von do kin`did do culk`mlie`oltm nmaridm. Ostms vinmros do kin`did do culk`mlie`oltm so rosueol piri poråmdms ospokåkms, pmr ogoepnm on eos iltor`mr. iltor `mr. On prmvoodmr do sorv`k`m sor v`k`m puodo, pmr ogoepnm, doknirir quo ni d`spml`h`n`did mhtol`di ol on tr`eostro iltor`mr cuo do 00,0?% kml k`lkm `ltorrupk`mlos do sorv`k`m, uli do nis kuinos durû 3? e`lutms. Ni `ldustr`i, y i vokos nms roaunidmros, puhn`kil ni Ym[ kmlsoau`di m oltroaidi piri `lcmreik`ûl do nms kn`oltos. Ni Ym[ pork`h`di pmr nms usuir`ms m kn`oltos os uli doknirik`ûl ol ni quo so oxprosi on l`von do kin`did quo onnms olt`oldol fihor oxpor`eoltidm, y quo so oxprosi lmreineolto ol culk`ûl don aridm do sit`scikk`ûl y lm ol tàre`lms tàkl`kms. Osti Ym[ so e`do kml olkuostis i nms kn`oltos y sus kmeoltir`ms smhro nms l`vonos do sorv`-
ni `ldustr`i. [o puododo ut`n`zir ni Ym[ k`di pmr on prmvoodmr sorv`k`m ol nmsmcrodmkueoltms do pnil`kik`ûl piri ospok`kir nms s`stoeis do eod`k`ûl y ostihnokor nis hisos do nms ikuordms do l`von do sorv`k`m. Rmr ogoepnm, on prmvoodmr puodo eil`costir, piri `lcmreir in kn`olto, quo fi pnil`kidm mhtolor uli d`spml`h`n`did do sorv`k`m do tonocmlåi hés`ki do 00,0?% pmr iùm, kml eolms do 9? e`lutms do `ltorrupk`ûl ol kuinqu`or emeoltm, y lm eés do ; `lto-
k`m, y puodoy sor ut`n`zidi pmr prmvoodmr do sorv`k`m on mrail`sem do on kmltrmn piri dotore`lir ni sit`scikk`ûl don kn`olto ol kuiltm i ni kin`did do ul sorv`k`m. Iså, pmr ogoepnm, ul kn`olto puodo dok`r quo durilto uli kilt`did `likoptihno do mkis`mlos tuvm d`kuntid piri roin`zir uli nnieidi i trivàs do ni rod y mtmrair uli kin`kik`ûl do ; ol uli oskini do ?, dmldo ? kmrrospmldo i ul sorv`k`m oxkonolto. @doineolto, dohoråi fihor uli kmrrospmldolk`i ulm i ulm oltro ni 86;
;2 - Kin`did do sorv`k`m ol rodos do tonokmeul`kik`mlos. SINDOW, Inhortm D.
ot in.
Ym[ oltroaidi y ni pork`h`di. Ni Iutmr`did Codorin do oklmnmaåis do ni @lcmreik`ûl y nis Kmeul`kik`mlos do ni Xop÷hn`ki Iraolt`li (IC@K) pmlo i d`spms`k`ûl don usuir`m i trivàs don Rmrtin Lik`mlin do _suir`ms do onokmeul`kik`monokmeul`kik`m-
Os ov`dolto quo ul olcmquo kmforolto y anmhin do ni Ym[ os do aril ut`n`did piri tritir ostms ispoktms ol on emeoltm mpmrtulm. _li do nis pr`eoris tàkl`kis quo sura`û piri tritir on prmhnoei do Ym[, cuo
los „#Y_O LM [O KMXO― (www.quolmsokmrto.amh.ir) tmdi ni `lcmreik`ûl smhro ni Ym[ do nms sorv`k`ms do tonocmlåi o @ltorlot prostidms pmr nis d`coroltos oeprosis do tonokmeul`kik`mlos. Innå so olkuoltri ni `lcmreik`ûl sue`l`stridi pmr nis oeprosis y pmr nis eod`k`mlos ocoktuidis pmr on mrail`sem ostitin do kmltrmn. Ni Ym[ ol on éeh`tm @R7 On usm do rodos y sorv`k`ms hisidms ol on @R @R,, pmlo do eil`ostm vir`ms prmhnoeis, kmem ni kirolk`i do eokil`sems lmrein`zidms, prmhidms, rmhustms y oskinihnos piri7 pir i7 • Ni itr`huk`ûl d`lée`ki do rokursms (kmem pàrd`di y rotirdm do piquotos) oltro nms soaeoltms do rod. • Isoaurir quo so inkilzil nms mhgot` mhgot`- vms do kin`did do culk`mlie`oltm do rod do oxtroem i oxtroem. • Ni soùin`zik`ûl porcokti do ni Ym[ do oxtroem i oxtroem dosoidi i trivàs do ni rod y nis `ltorcikos piros. • Ni suporv`s`ûl suporv`s`ûl do ni kin`did do culk`mlie`oltm do nis rodos y nms sorv`k`ms hisidms ol on @R kmlcmreo i nms eàtmdms ut`n`zidms ol ni pnil`kik`ûl do rodos y sorv`k`ms y quo tolai solt`dm dosdo on pultm do v`sti do ni oxpor`olk`i don usuir`m. • _l rostihnok`e`oltm rép`dm y kme kme-pnotm do ni kmlokt`v`did do kipi @R tris `ltorrupk`mlos (m itiquos) do olvoraiduri ol rodos cuortoeolto smhrokiraidis.
@lt[orv ([orv`k`ms @ltoaridms), osto emdonm `lknuyo dms knisos piri on kmltrmn do Ym[ ol @ltorlot7 sorv`k`m airilt`zidm y sorv`k`m do kirai kmltrmnidi Z?U. On pr`eorm isoauri airiltåis do oxtroem i oxtroem i ul ugm do ditms. Iquå l`la÷l ugm os doskirtidm s` on trékm kuepno kml nms piréeotrms ostihnok`dms. On sorv`k`m do kirai kmltrmnidi mcroko in usuir`m ul olvåm kml uli Ym[ s`e`nir i ni quo mhtoldråi ol on kism do quo ni rod ostuv`ori n`hro, s`l kmlaost`ûl. Ni soùin`zik`ûl so roin`zi kml on ostéldir X[SR (prmtmkmnm do rosorvik`ûl rosor vik`ûl do rokursms), dmldo ul kn`olto smn`k`ti uli dotore`lidi Ym[ piri uli ipn`kik`ûl dotore`lidi olv`ildm ul eolsigo RIF in dost`lm ospok`kildm nis kiriktoråst`kis kiriktoråst`k is quo so dohol kuepn`r. Nms rmutors (olkie`lidmros) `ltoreod`ms i nm niram don kie`lm olvåil on eolsigo RIF i mtrms lmdms fisti nnoair in dost`lm, quo rospmldo ul eolsigo XO[S smn`k`tildm rosorvi do rokursms piri on ugm quo soré ol v`idm. Nms lmdms `ltoreod`ms puodol ikoptir m lm ni pot`k`ûl: s` ni ikoptil so rosorvil nms rokursms ol kism kmltrir`m on prmkosm do soùin`zik`ûl so tore`li. [`l oehiram @lt[orv prosolti ul prmhnoei do oskinih`n`did, doh`dm i quo ni aril kilt`did do `lcmreik`ûl do kmltrmn aoloridi ol ni rod `lkroeolti prmpmrk`mlineolto kml on l÷eorm do ditms kmnipsildm on l÷knom do ni lotwmrj`la (rod) idoeés do ro-
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quor`r quo on firdwiro smpmrto X[SR, kmltrmn do ide`s`ûl y knis`kik`ûl. [oau`dieolto sura`û on prmtmkmnm D`flsorv ([orv`k`ms sorv ([orv`k`ms D`corolk`idms) quo knis`ki on trékm oltrilto ol d`coroltos l`vonos do sorv`k`ms, kml on l do ipn`kirno ul kme-
lorik`ûl piri on trilspmrto do `lcmreik`ûl i trivàs do ni s÷por iutmp`sti do nis kmeul`kik`mlos, yi quo nms usuir`ms linos kidi voz doeildil eés y eogmros sorv`k`ms, sor v`k`ms, nms kuinos t`olol ol su eiymråi ul intm kmltol`dm eunt`eod`i. Ostm fi kroidm ni lokos`did
pmrtie`oltm iaroaidm i tmdms nms ditms do uli dotore`lidi kniso do sorv`k`m. Kidi kmepmrtie`oltm so `dolt`ki kml ul ÷l`km kiepm do sorv`k`m d`corolk`idm (D[). Oso kmepmrtie`oltm so dolme`li kmepmrtie`oltm pmr sintm RFH (por fmp hofiv`mr). Ol on l÷knom do d o ni rod, nms piquotos sml olkie`lidms soa÷l on RFH ismk`idm kml su kiepm D[. Osto kiepm D[ t`olo 6 h`ts do nms kuinos dost`li 3 piri on kiepm dolme`lidm D[KR (D`florolt`itod [orv`kos Kmdo
do eogmrir nis kiriktoråst`kis don sorv`k`m i l do tolor eiymr ok`olk`i ol on trilspmrtr ilspmrto i trivàs do ni rod, puos osto kmltol`dm ol ospok`in t`olo uli aril sols`h`n`did in rotirdm y tieh`àl roqu`oro ul eiymr ilkfm do hildi. Rirto do ni smnuk`ûl piri pmdor hr`ldir ul eogmr dosoepoùm do ni rod so fi didm pmr pirto do nis oeprosis prostidmris do sorv`k`ms (@ltorlot [orv`ko Rrmv`dor @[R) iueoltildm nis kipik`didos kip ik`didos do sus olnikos, porm ox`sto ul nåe`to cås`km y okmlûe`km ol
Rm`lt: pultm do kûd`am do sorv`k`ms d`corolk`idms) piri sonokk`mlir on RFH quo dok`do on kmepmrtie`oltm quo so ipn`kiré in trékm quo soré olkie`lidm i trivàs don l÷knom. [`l oehiram i posir do nis hmldidos quo mcroko, didi su oskinih`n`did y su cék`n `epnoeoltik`ûl kipiz do mcrokor Ym[ do uli cmrei d`corolk`idi ol uli rod kmlaost`mlidi, ox`sto on prmhnoei do kmlkoltrik`ûl do trékm do inti pr`mr`did ol dotore`lidms pultms do ni rod, nm quo puodo icoktir on trékm do higi pr`mr`did y kiusir doaridik`ûl ol on ugm do inti pr`mr`did ol nms rmutors do hmrdo. Osti d`lée`ki do e`arik`ûl i luovis ostrukturis nûa`kis y cås`kis quo culk`mlol eogmr,, suraol eogmr suraol doh`dm in krok`e`oltm quo fi tol`dm @ltorlot ol nms ÷nt`ems iùms y ni vir`odid do ipn`kik`mlos quo fil `dm ipirok`oldm dosdo su kroik`ûl: ol tin solt`dm so fiko lokosir`m usir toklmnmaåis do luovi ao-
on iueoltm do ostms rokursms. Ostm fi mhn`aidm i quo ni `ldustr`i y nms `lvost`aidmros olcmquol sus prmyoktms do `lvost`aik`ûl fik`i on d`soùm, kroik`ûl y ovinuik`ûl do luo vms prmtmkmnms quo rosuonvil ni prmhnoeét`ki ox`stolto. Doltrm do ostis toklmnmaåis do s`au`olto aolorik`ûl so olkuoltri ERN[ (Eunt`prmtmkmn Nihon [w`tkf`la, [w`tkf`la, Kmleutik`ûl Eunt` Rrmtmkmnm pmr Ot`quotis) quo sura`û kmem uli prmpuosti kml on mhgot`vm do ul`kir d`coroltos smnuk`mlos do kmleuk mleutik`ûl eunt`l`von, nnieildm ni itolk`ûl don euldm do nis lotwmrj`la y dol`àldmso kmem uli smnuk`ûl kmlvoraolto do kmlokt` v`did, ni kuin puodo sor ipn`kidi i kuinqu`or ostéldir do kipi do rod, trilscmreéldmso ol uli toklmnmaåi knivo piri ni ostritoa`i do kmeul`kik`mlos do nis oeprosis. ERN[ fi `lkroeoltidm nis mpmrtul`didos do loamk`m piri nålois dod`kidis v`rtuinos y sorv`k`ms @R d`corolk`idms, kml uli knis`kik`ûl do 86?
;2 - Kin`did do sorv`k`m ol rodos do tonokmeul`kik`mlos. SINDOW, Inhortm D.
ot in.
trékm quo cik`n`ti on kmhrm do tir`cis smhro dm i quo ostms yi lm soråil usidms ol mpo-
d`kfms sorv`k`ms Z3U. Rmr tinos emt`vms, ol ni iktuin`did vir`ms prmvoodmros do sorv`k`ms do tonokmeul`kik`mlos so fil `ltorosidm ol su `epnoeoltik`ûl oxtold`oldm ni kipik`did do loamk`m do nis e`seis in
rik`mlos do `ltorkieh`m, pore`t`àldmno i ni rod sor trilspirolto in trékm do ditms Z6U. Lm mhstilto, ni kmlstilto lokos`did do huskir eogmros smnuk`mlos i nis ox`aolk`is `epuostis pmr pirto do nms usuir`ms linos,
mcortir luovis mpmrtul`didos ol on eilogm do ilkfm do hildi o `ltoarik`ûl do sorv`k`ms smhro ni rod. Rmstor`mros Rmstor`mros `lvost`aik`mlos ol ERN[ prmhirml quo uli ot`quoti pmdråi sor eipoidi i ul kmnmr ol on ospoktrm smpmrtildm on prmkosie`oltm do ditms lm smnm i l`von onàktr`km s`lm tieh`àl ûpt`km, dmldo nms piquotos pmdråil sor olnizidms y roolv`idms d`roktieolto fik`i uli rod ûpt`ki. [urao oltmlkos on kmlkoptm do rod `lton`aolto quo di kmem rosuntidm ni prmpuos-
fi fokfm quo ni kmeul`did k`oltåki olcmquo sus oscuorzms ol ni lokos`did do d`spmlor do uli toklmnmaåi quo kmlsorvo nis eogmros kiriktoråst`kis do nis toklmnmaåis do trilspmrto d`soùidis piri ni kmleutik`ûl do piquotos y niehdis dildm mr`aol in kmlkoptm do ERN[-R (ERN[-Trilspmrt Rrmno: porn do trilspmrto) Z0U. ERN[Rrmno: R os uli idiptik`ûl don ERN[ piri nms roqu`s`tms don trilspmrto. Os kmepit`hno tmtineolto kml on ERN[, kmls`sto hés`ki-
ti do aolorik`ûl do AERN[ (Aolorin`zod ERN[) Z1U, ERN[) Z1U, quo os uli vors`ûl oxtold`di do ERN[, quo lm smnieolto roin`zi nis nihmros nih mros do su prodokosmri, s`lm quo idoeés kmlt`olo onoeoltms `lton`aoltos ospok`in`zidms piri doskuhr`r vok`lms, d`str`hu`r `lcmreik`ûl do olniko, roin`zir ide`l`strik`ûl do rutis y kmltrmn koltrin`zidm. Osti toklmnmaåi fi pmd`dm kmlvort`rso ol roin`did arik`is i nms rok`oltos ivilkos ol ni kmlstrukk`ûl do d`spms`t`vms ûpt`kms kmem eunt`pnoxmros ro-
eolto ol ul kmlgultm do forrie`oltis ospokåkis piri idokuirso i nms roqu`s`tms do ni rod do trilspmrto. trilspmr to. Osto oltmrlm ut`n`zi ul suhkmlgultm do nis lmreis ERN[ dmldo nms onoeoltms quo lm sml roquor`dms ol uli rod do trilspmrto kmem on roolvåm @R, rot`rm do ot`quotis ol nms piquotos iltos do nnoair in rmutor crmltori, olrutie`oltm pmr e÷nt`pnos rutis, sml doskirtidms y lm smpmrtidms. @auineolto dolo nis oxtols`mlos do nms ostéldiros ERN[ yi ox`stoltos o `ltrmduko
kmlaurihnos, kmlox`mlos ûpt`kis kruzidis prmarieihnos, quo ol kmeh`lik`ûl kml ni idmpk`ûl do cmreitms emdunik`ûl ivilzidms y do trilsduktmros pore`tol tmeir uli voltigi do ni iepn`i kipik`did ol on ilkfm do hildi prmv`sti pmr ni eunt`pnoxik`ûl pmr d`v`s`ûl do nmla`tud do mldi (Qivonolatf D`v`s`ml Eunt`pnox`la QDE), QDE), idoeés do on`e`lir on kmstm do ni kmlvors`ûl onàktr`kiûpt`ki pmr pirto do nms trilsduktmros, doh`-
roqu`s`tms ostihnok`dms ol nis rodos do trilspmrto, `lknuyoldm kiriktoråst`kis do prmtokk`ûl y ul iepn`m kmlgultm do culk`mlos do Mporik`ûl y Eiltol`e`oltm (MIE) quo iyudil ol ni rép`di dotokk`ûl y nmkin`zik`ûl do ivoråis, rosmnuk`ûl do prmhnoeis y supor v`s`ûl don rold`e`oltm. rold`e`oltm. Ostis kiriktoråst`kis cik`n`til ni trils`k`ûl i uli rod do trilspmrto do piquotos mr`oltidi i ni kmlox`ûl, prmpmrk`mlildm uli kmleutik`ûl ok`olto, in
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e`sem t`oepm quo pore`to nis mporik`mlos pmdråil ronigir su ronovilk`i do lm ox`st`r do trilscorolk`i do inti kin`did, i trivàs do mtris dopoldolk`is quo so nm `ep`dil. Ostm
rodos ûpt`kis quo iprmvokfol ni toklmnmaåi ERN[. Mtri mpk`ûl ni kmlst`tuyo on Emdonm do Ilén`s`s do Xonik`mlos Ririeàtr`kis hisidm ol on Kmltoxtm (Kmltoxt-hisod Ririeoieotr`k Xonit`mlsf`p Emdon KRXE). OlRir hiso in pirid`aei iktuin y cuturi kmlvoraolk`i do nis rodos, ol Z92U so dolo ul emdonm piri ostud`ir nis ronik`mlos pirieàtr`kis hisidm ol on kmltoxtm, kmlmk`dm eés kme÷leolto kmem KRXE pmr sus s`anis ol `lanos. D`kfm emdonm dolo ni ostrukturi do ul s`stoei ol hiso i ul kmlgultm do piréeotrms y sus ronik`mlos, ul kmlgultm do mporik`mlos quo dolol ocoktms smhro nms piréeotrms
os iså, pmrquo ol on kmltoxtm fmair on `ld` v`dum pmdråi isue`r quo ni kmlilzi v`olo didi pmr su uh`kik`ûl. Iulquo lm t`olo pmr quà sor iså. Idoeés, on emdonm tieh`àl kmltoepni vinmros lm suhgot`vms: dost`lidms i dol`r on `epiktm m roikk`ûl ol kidoli quo pmdråi mkis`mlir uli dopoldolk`i. Ostms vinmros, so dolol, ol pr`eor nuair, do cmrei iprmx`eidi ol nis dopoldolk`is don kmltoxtm aolorin (AK, Aolorin Kmltoxt), e`oltris quo, uli voz quo nms piréeotrms sml `lstilk`idms, on posm os iktuin`zidm in kmltoxtm pirt`kunir (RK, Rirt`kunir Kmltoxt). Os euy `epmrtilto on Ym[ mcrok`di ol
dopold`oltos, y uli ostrukturi do posms quo dolo ni ronovilk`i suhgot`vi y lm suhgot`vi do nms kmepmloltos don emdonm. Rmr ogoepnm, ul ide`l`stridmr puodo kmls`dorir suhgot`vieolto quo ni kmlilzi os ul piréeotrm knivo piri ni suhs`stolk`i don s`stoei do `lcmreik`ûl. Ol oso kism, on piréeotrm kmlilzi toldråi ul posm eiymr ol on s`stoei quo mtrms piréeotrms eolms ronoviltos didm on kism. I su voz, nms eokil`sems eokil`sem s quo `epnoeoltol on vinmr do kmlilzi pmdråil
rodos eûv`nos Id Fmk (Emh`no Id-Fmk Lotwmrjs - EILO-) quo iktuineolto sûnm mcrokol sorv`k`m host oflmrt (eogmr oscuorzm) Z99U. Host Oflmrt dos`ali ul t`pm do sorv`k`m do rod ol on quo lm so puodo airilt`zir quo nms ditms nnoauol i su dost`lm, l` mcrokor in usuir`m ul dotore`lidm Ym[ ol sus kmeul`kik`mlos. Ol uli rod do osto t`pm t` pm tmdms nms usuir`ms rok`hol on eogmr sorv`k`m pms`hno ol oso emeoltm, nm quo s`al`ki quo mhtoldrél d`st`ltms ilkfms do hildi
forodir ni ronovilk`i m posm do su piréeotrm pidro, ol osto kism, on piréeotrm kmlilzi. Ostms vinmros suhgot`vms ostiråil sugotms i ni vir`ih`n`did don kmltoxtm, do cmrei quo ol ul emeoltm didm, yi soi pmr nis eod`dis do soaur`did idmptidis m pmr on oltmrlm dmldo osté on `ld`v`dum, ` ld`v`dum, su ronovilk`i puodo vir`ir. Rmr Rmr ogoepnm, ol ul oltmrlm cie`n`ir h`ol dol`dm, on piréeotrm kmlilzi y nms eokil`sems ostrokfieolto dopold`oltos
y t`oepms do rospuosti ol culk`ûl don vmnueol do trékm ol ni rod. I d`corolk`i do nis rodos `linéehr`kis trid`k`mlinos, nis rodos EILO sml rodos do kmeul`kik`mlos cmreidis ospmltéloieolto pmr ul kmlgultm do d`spms`t`vms eûv`nos, quo sml kipikos do kmeul`kirso oltro så, s`l pmsoor uli `lcriostrukturi l` uli ide`l`strik`ûl koltrin`zidi. Idoeés, doh`dm i quo on inkilko do trilse`s`ûl do nms d`spms`t`vms `linéehr`861
;2 - Kin`did do sorv`k`m ol rodos do tonokmeul`kik`mlos. SINDOW, Inhortm D.
ot in.
Nis rodos dol`dis pmr smctwiro ([mctsmctwiro ([mctkms os n`e`tidm, puodol nnoair i sor lokosi[DL) os ulm do nms r`ms lmdms `ltoreod`ms piri trilscor`r ditms wiro- Dolod Lotwmrj [DL) os do ul lmdm i mtrm i trivàs do ni rod. Os pmr pr`lk`pinos toeis do `lvost`aik`ûl, dosirrm-
onnm quo nms lmdms kuepnol culk`mlos do cuoltos, rmutors y dost`lms. Ni tmpmnmaåi do nis EILO os d`lée`ki doh`dm i quo nms lmdms so euovol, so `lkmrpmril y ihildmlil ni rod kmlt`luieolto: pmr osti rizûl, nis kmld`k`mlos do trékm sml intieolto vir`ihnos, fik`oldm oxtroeidieolto kmepn`kidm dir huoli Ym[ i nis ipn`kik`mlos quo ni roqu`oril. Rmr mtrm nidm, nis vir`ik`mlos ol on kilin do rid`m y nis n`e`tik`mlos do oloraåi do nms lmdms puodol prmduk`r crokuoltos kieh`ms ol ni tmpmnmaåi y ol ni kmlokt`v`did. Kmlsokuoltoeolto, nis EILO dohol idiptirso d`lée`kieolto piri sor kipikos do eiltolor nis kmlox`mlos ikt`vis i posir do ostms kieh`ms. mdis ostis kiriktoråst`kis fikol quo nis EILO soil Iutm Kroidis ([onc Kroit`la), Kroit`la), Iutm Mrail`zidis ([onc Mrail`z`la) y Iutm Ide`l`stridis ([onc Mrail`z`la) Ide`l`stor`la) Z98U. Ol uli EILO ni `epnoeoltik`ûl do uli smnuk`ûl do Ym[ pore`to ul kmepmrtie`oltm dotore`låst`km do ni e`sei, on kuin so puodo triduk`r ol uli pr`mr`zik`ûl do k`ortm t`pm do tré-
nnm y ostildir`zik`ûl iktuinos Z9;U. Nis toklmnmaåis [DL ox`h`n`zil on firdwiro y on smctwiro y pore`tol ni pms`h`n`did do is`alik`ûl do rokursms soa÷l ni doeildi piri prmpmrk`mlir k`orti ox`h`n`did i ni rod. Ol ni iktuin`did, MpolCnmw os on prmtmkmnm [DL eés ut`n`zidm. On pirid`aei do sorv`k`ms do rod higm doeildi („Lotwmrj is i [orv`ko― m Lii[) Z94U os ni knivo do nis `lcriostrukturis do rodos cuturis, uli smnuk`ûl ûpt`ei i ni cinti do Ym[ ol ipn`kik`mlos do t`oepm roin. On olcmquo do Lii[ pore`to uli aost`ûl d`lée`ki y eés oskinihno do nms sorv`k`ms do rod. Nis ipn`kik`mlos ol t`oepm roin doeildil ox`aolk`is ostr`ktis smhro on kmepmrtie`oltm do ni rod suhyikolto, puos roqu`orol do k`ortms piréeotrms culdieoltinos7 higi nitolk`i, eål`ei vir`ik`ûl don rotirdm (g`ttor) y eål`ei pàrd`di do piquotos. Ni eiymråi do nms mporidmros do rodos y prm voodmros do @ltorlot sûnm mcrokol sorv`k`ms i eod`di do inti kin`did piri nms kn`oltos y sorv`k`ms sor v`k`ms kmls`doridms „Rroe`ue―. On kme÷l do nms sorv`k`ms ut`n`zi pmnåt`kis do eo-
km. _li do idokuidi `epnoeoltik`ûl do ul ieh`olto prmv`s`ûl do Ym[ os lokosir`i piri fikor eés ok`olto on usm y ni is`alik`ûl do nms rokursms do ni rod, eod`ilto ni `dolt`kik`ûl don trékm kml kiriktoråst`kis kråt`kis y rostr`kt`vis. [` h`ol ni ide`l`strik`ûl do Ym[ osté prékt`kieolto rosuonti ol rodos gis, nis kiriktoråst`kis do nis rodos EILO fikol lokosir`m ul luovm ostud`m piri icrmltir osto prmhnoei.
gmr oscuor oscuorzm m Host-Oflmrt , quo`eprodok`hnos nnovil i sor v`k`ms kmlzmkmepmrtie`oltms y i ni cinti do ih`n`did ol nms prmvoodmros do ni rod. Idoeés, ni kirai do trékm ol ni rod viråi kml on t`oepm doh`dm in l÷eorm do usuir`ms s`euntéloms quo ni ut`n`zil, kroildm ul arivo `epiktm smhro ni onist`k`did y oskinih`n`did do ni rod. Rmr nm tiltm, on rotm so olkuoltri ol fikor quo ni luovi toklmnmaåi culk`mlo do uli eilori quo kuepni
866
OVTOL[@ML@[EM, @LLMSIK@ÛL P TXIL[COXOLK@I TOKLMNÛA@KI - KNISO[ RIXI ON DO[IXXMNNM -
kml nms roqu`s`tms prmp`ms ol t`oepm roin y quo prmpmrk`mlo i ni rod do ni ox`h`n`did lokosir`i piri nis ipn`kik`mlos. On [DLIpp Ritfldor Z9?U os uli ipn`kik`ûl oxtor-
SMN_EOL 4
dm ul eàtmdm piri dotore`lir on kie`lm ûpt`em m idokuidm ut`n`zildm ostidåst`kis don ostidm do ni rod y tieh`àl inamr`tems do kénkunm do rutis quo s`auol nis s`au`oltos
li d`soùidi piri culk`mlir gultm kml ul tàkl`kis kmd`k`msis7 rodukk`ûl don aricm do kmltrmnidmr [DL y so hisi ol sus tàkl`kis ni rod Ym[ y ruti do eéx`em posm/nmlospokåkis piri prmpmrk`mlir y eiltolor ni a`tud. [DL Ritfldor os kipiz do huskir Ym[ do oxtroem i oxtroem. [o fiko usm do eokil`sems do kmni piri eipoir ul ugm kml k`ortms piréeotrms i uli kmni ospokåki ol ul puortm. Iså, nms pr`lk`pinos mhgot`vms don prmyoktm sml7 prmvoor Ym[ oxtroem i oxtroem higm doeildi smhro uli rod [DL piri smn`k`tudos Ym[ do ipn`kik`mlos ol t`oepm roin: huskir kie`lms cikt`hnos quo kuepnil nms roquor`e`oltms do Ym[ y sonokk`mlir ni ruti eés ûpt`ei piri isoaurir ni kin`did roquor`di: rokmlaurir d`lée`kieolto ni rod piri idiptirso i nms kieh`ms y roqu`s`tms do ni ipn`kik`ûl: eml`tmr`zir on ostidm do ni rod eod`ilto ni mhtolk`ûl do ditms ostidåst`kms do nms d`spms`t`vms do rod y kinkunir rutis intorlit`vis piri on trékm ol kism do dotoktir v`mnik`mlos don ikuordm Ym[ y kroir ul kmlgultm do ipn`kik`mlos [DLIpp d`soùidis piri trihigir gultm kml ul kmltrmnidmr do [DL, kmem on kmltrmnidmr Cnmmdn`aft, m `ltoaridis kmem rokursms ol on LKN (Lotwmrj Kmltrmn Niyor, Niyor, Kipi do Kmltrmn do Xod). On kénkunm do Ritfldor kmls`sto ol uli fouråst`ki quo ilin`zi y culk`mli i trivàs do uli ostrukturi aréki do tmpmnmaåis do rod. Nms eokil`sems do kmlsuntis do ostidm pirinonms y on prmp`m kmltrmnidmr rokuporil nis ostidåst`kis do kidi sw`tkf do rod prmpmrk`mlildm ni ostrukturi aréki do ni tmpmnmaåi. _t`n`zildm osti `lcmreik`ûl, so fi dosirrmnni-
y sonokk`mlir on kie`lm idokuidm piri airilt`zir uli Ym[ eål`ei piri on trékm do ditms lokosir`m oltro nis ipn`kik`mlos ol t`oepm roin, mhgot`vm nmaridm ol kmlgulk`ûl kml eûdunms [DL pirinonms quo roqu`oro ni ipn`kik`ûl [DL piri nmarir su pr`lk`pin culk`ûl do sue`l`strm y kmltrmn. On inamr`tem do Ritfldor fiko usm do ni kipik`did do prmarieik`ûl do ni rod piri vmnvorni eés ok`olto y okiz soa÷l nis lokos`didos do nms kn`oltos. _l inamr`tem do olrutie`oltm do Ym[ doho roduk`r in eål`em ni tisi do rokfizm do nis smn`k`tudos, e`oltris so eilt`olo m eogmri on rold`e`oltm y/m kin`did anmhin do ni rod (os dok`r, iquonnms piréeotrms kmeulos do ni Ym[, kmem on rotirdm, ni tisi do pàrd`di m do intm rold`e`oltm). On pr`lk`pin mhgot`vm do Ritfldor os mcrokor Ym[ oxtroem i oxtroem (o8o) ol uli rod dol`di pmr smctwiro, pr`eorm huskildm iquonnms kie`lms cikt`hnos, nuoam sonokk`mlildm on kie`lm eés idokuidm piri pmdor olrutir oltmlkos nms ugms do piquotos i trivàs do nms k`rku`tms kroidms smhro nms olnikos kinkunidms kuepn`oldm kml nis doeildis do nms kn`oltos, e`oltris so eilt`olo ostihno on rold`e`oltm aolorin do ni rod y ni kin`did, tritildm do e`l`e`zir ni tisi do rokfizm do nis smn`k`tudos. Ox`sto ul prmyoktm E@XI dosirrmnnidm pmr `lvost`aidmros ospiùmnos. On e`sem 860
;2 - Kin`did do sorv`k`m ol rodos do tonokmeul`kik`mlos. SINDOW, Inhortm D.
osté hisidm ol on dosirrmnnm do uli pniticmrei ivilzidi do suporv`s`ûl y kmltrmn do trékm piri rodos ikidàe`kis y do `l vost`aik`ûl. vost`aik `ûl. On prmyoktm E@XI os crutm do ni ovmnuk`ûl do d`st`ltms prmyoktms
ot in.
do ntridm do ditms. C`lineolto, tieh`àl so fil dosirrmnnidm forrie`oltis do tritie`oltm arékm, tiltm piri nms rosuntidms (aolorik`ûl y v`suin`zik`ûl do arékis) kmem piri on kmltrmn do nms prmkosms (A_@,
@ltorc iko). On rosuntidm lin mr`oltidms in ilén`s`s y kiriktor`zik`ûl do Aripf`k _sor @ltorciko). trékm ol Xod@X@[ Z93U. Ol prmyoktms il- os uli irqu`tokturi do prmkosms do ilén`s`s tor`mros don e`sem arupm, so dosirrmnnirml forrie`oltis piri ni kiriktor`zik`ûl don trékm hisidm ol on ilén`s`s do kihokoris KR/_DR/@R KR/_DR/ @R y do ipn`k ipn`kik`ûl ik`ûl (KI[HI8), do ilén`s`s do kmltol`dms, iså kmem do nms mråaolos y dost`lms don trékm kml aril arilunir`did (EOFIX@;). Ol osto prmyoktm so `ltoaril d`st`ltms eàtmdms do ilén`s`s do trékm, hisidms ol piréeotrms dor`vidms do nis kihokoris do nms piquotos i d`st`ltms l`vonos (IE, IIN?, @R,
do trékm ih`ortm, quo `ltoari, idoeés do nms prmkosms do kipturi k ipturi y ilén`s`s, tmdis nis culk`mlin`didos ronik`mlidis kml on tritie`oltm eis`vm do ditms y ni aolorik`ûl y kmlsunti do rosuntidms. Nis lmreis piri ni Ym[ ol Xodos do [`au`olto Aolorik`ûl (Loxt Aolorit`ml Lotwmrj`la, LAL) pore`tol ilin`zir ul t`pm do rodos hisidis ol piquotos quo roin`zil ni trilse`s`ûl do ditms i trivàs do `lcriostrukturis kmlvoraoltos. Ni lmrei
rilspmrto rilsp mrto y Ipn`k Ipn`kik`ûl), ik`ûl), iså kmem piréeotrms dor`vidms don ilén`s`s do kmltol`dms. [o dosirrmnnirml luovms eokil`sems quo pore`t`rél ilin`zir on kmepmrtie`oltm do nis rodos kml tmpmnmaåi kmepnogi y provor sus toldolk`is. [o iepnåil tieh`àl nms fouråst`kms piri ni kiriktor`zik`ûl don trékm, in e`sem t`oepm quo so mcrokol rosuntidms kruzidms oltro eûdunms do ilén`s`s do nms prmyoktms iltor`mros. Ni pirto smctwiro so fi ostrukturidm kmem uli gorirquåi do eûdunms i kuitrm l`vonos. Doltrm do kidi gorirquåi so roin`zil culk`mlos don e`sem t`pm, porm kidi eûdunm osté ospok`in`zidm ol uli tiroi dotore`lidi. Ni `ltorciz oltro nms d`st`ltms eûdunms s`auo uli e`sei ospok`kik`ûl quo pore`to olkidolir eûdunms do d`coroltos gorirquåis gor irquåis y kmeh`lirnms piri mhtolor rosuntidms eés kmepnogms eod`ilto ul nolauigo prmp`m
O[@ [ 96? 229 Z91U prmvoo ul kmlgultm do kmlkoptms Ym[ aolàr`kms piri LAL, ul emdonm do eirkm toûr`km y doskr`ho nms roquor`e`oltms piri ni oltroai do Ym[ ol LAL. Do ikuordm kml osti lmrei, nis rodos LAL puodol smpmrtir on dosirrmnnm do nms s`au`oltos emdonms. Ym[ airilt`zidi7 os on sorv`k`m do oltroai do trékm kml nåe`tos lueàr`kms ol inaulms m tmdms nms piréeotrms. Ym[ ronit`vi7 os on sorv`k`m do oltroai do trékm s`l nåe`tos ihsmnutms ol ni ide`l`strik`ûl do ilkfm do hildi, rotirdm do piquotos m pàrd`di do piquotos. ieh`àl ox`stol dms t`pms do dol`k`mlos do Ym[ ol osti lmrei7 Ym[ oxtroem i oxtroem ‛ old tm old Ym[ û Ym[ ol on pmrtidmr (rod do trilse`s`ûl y d`str`huk`ûl). Nms roquor`e`oltms do Ym[ ol LAL os sor kipiz do smpmrtir ul iepn`m rilam do sorv`k`ms sor v`k`ms do Ym[ fih`n`tidms. Riri Riri mcro-
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OVTOL[@ML@[EM, @LLMSIK@ÛL P TXIL[COXOLK@I TOKLMNÛA@KI - KNISO[ RIXI ON DO[IXXMNNM -
kor ostms sorv`k`ms os lokosir`m lokosir `m dol`r Ym[ ol nms eokil`sems do kmltrmn y ol ni irqu`tokturi do kmltrmn. Idoeés, dol`r Ym[ ol on kmltrmn do ni soùin`zik`ûl. Doho smpmrtir d`coroltos
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Riquotos kml Orrmros) fiko rocorolk`i i ni tisi do piquotos kml orrmros, ni kuin so mht`olo oltro on tmtin do piquotos kml orrmros smhro on tmtin do piquotos trilse`t`dms ol ul ugm do ditms dotore`lidm. Ol aolorin
t`pms do Kmdoks: idoeés, smpmrtiré loam os pms`hno ireir quo on kmlkoptm do Ym[ k ilt`did do k`ik`ûl do Kmdoks oltro olt`didos LAL ol rodos LAL ihirki uli aril kilt`did (tore`linos, onoeoltms do rod). Doho tolor ol kuolti d`coroltos eokil`sems do kmltrmn Ym[ kmrrospmld`oltos i d`coroltos toklmnmaåis y pms`hnoeolto d`coroltos emdonms do loamk`ms. Ni irqu`tokturi Ym[ do LAL doho sor kipiz do ide`l`strir d`coroltos t`pms do rodos do ikkosm (ogoepnm7 xD[N, rodos do ikkosm ;ARR, otk.). On kmltrmn do soùin`zik`ûl LAL Ym[ doho ostir hisidm ol prmtmkmnms yi dol`dms m prmtmkmnms higm dosirrmnnm.
d`corolk`is kml nis rodos trid`k`mlinos didm ni ox`h`n`did do sorv`k`ms sor v`k`ms y t`pms do trékm. Oltro nis d`coroltos lmreis ox`stoltos quo pore`tol eod`r Ym[, inaulms piréeotrms kmeulos sml on rotirdm do piquotos, ni vir`ik`ûl don rotirdm, ni pàrd`di do piquotos y ni kilt`did do piquotos kml orrmros.
Nms piréeotrms kmeulos oltro nis lmreis P.9?49 Z96U y O[@ [ 96? 229 sml nms s`au`oltos7 @RD (@R Rikjot Trilscor Doniy, Xotirdm Doniy, Xotirdm do rilscorolk`i rilscorolk`i do Riquoto) fiko rocorolk`i in t`oepm quo tirdi on piquoto ol pisir pmr ul kmepmlolto do ni rod. Osti olt`did puodo sor ul fmst, ul olrutidmr m uli sokk`ûl do rod. Osto piréeotrm os ulm do nms piréeotrms pr`lk`pinos y kråt`kms piri tmdis nis ipn`kik`mlos quo ut`n`kol LAL. @RDS (@R Rikjot Doniy Si-
ul toei do aril kmepnog`did, mhgotm do ostud`m poreilolto. On dosirrmnnm do luo vis toklmnmaåis do kmeul`kik`ûl smhro nis tområis ox`stoltos, ni ut`n`zik`ûl do luovms ispoktms do ni tområi do ni `lcmreik`ûl, ni ikkos`h`n`did i luovms eitor`inos do oxkonoltos kiriktoråst`kis tàkl`kis y kmstms roduk`dms, on on ivilko smstol`dm do nms s`stoeis onoktrûl`kms culk`mlildm ol hildis do ei ymros crokuolk`is y vonmk`didos do ditms fil didm ul `epunsm kuis` oxpmlolk`in i nis km-
r`it`ml, Sir`ik`ûl don Xotirdm don Riquoto) r`it`ml, Sir`ik`ûl fiko rocorolk`i in g`ttor m in t`oepm osporidm do nnoaidi do kidi piquoto. @RNX (@R (@R Rikjot Nmss Xit`m, Xit`m, ronik`ûl do Ràrd`di don Riquoto) fiko rocorolk`i i ni rizûl do pàrd`di do piquotos, ni kuin so mht`olo oltro on tmtin do piquotos pord`dms smhro on tmtin do piquotos trilse`t`dms ol ul ugm do ditms dotore`lidm. @ROX (@R Rikjot Orrmr Xit`m, Xit`m, isi isi do
eul`kik`mlos onoktrûl`kis. Ni ox`h`n`did, ni kipik`did, ni idiptih`n`did do osquoeis do prmkosie`oltm do soùinos d`a`tinos y ni kmepnog`did rosuntilto ol nis iktuinos rodos do tonokmeul`kik`mlos, fikol `ld`spolsihno kmltir kml eàtmdms quo isoaurol uli idokuidi kin`did do sorv`k`m. Nogms quodû ni Xokmeoldik`ûl _@- _@- A9222 ol nm quo i toklmnmaåi so rooro porm euy iktuin ol nm
@@@.
KMLKN_[@MLO[
Ni kin`did do sorv`k`m, Ym[, ol nms s`stoeis iktuinos do tonokmeul`kik`mlos os
809
;2 - Kin`did do sorv`k`m ol rodos do tonokmeul`kik`mlos. SINDOW, Inhortm D.
quo fiko i nms kmlkoptms do Kin`did do [or[ or v`k`m dol`dms ol ni e`sei, nms kuinos kmhril `epmrtilk`i sustilk`in ol on eilogm do ni `lcmreik`ûl pmr eod`ms onoktrûl`kms d`a`tinos. [`l oehiram ni _@ i trivàs do sus Xokmeoldik`mlos i nm niram do ostms iùms
ot in.
kmepnog`did krok`olto do nms s`stoeis do `lcmreik`ûl smhro rodos do tonokmeul`kik`mlos aolori e÷nt`pnos nålois do `lvost`aik`ûl i l`von ikidàe`km y do oeprosis. Nms d`coroltos arupms do `lvost`aik`ûl so olkuoltril roin`zildm ivilkos ol kuost`m-
cuo eirkildm ul kie`lm ol àsti h÷squodi. On dosirrmnnm do nis rodos eûv`nos ol sus sukos`vis aolorik`mlos cuo mr`oltidm i huskir iueoltir ni vonmk`did do trilscorolk`i i ni kuin puodo ikkodor on usuir`m pmr eod`m do ul olniko pmr rid`m prmpiaik`ûl do eilori eés ok`olto y soauri, nm kuin trio ipirogidm ni lokos`did do trihigir ol ni Kin`did do [orv`k`m [orv` k`m do uli eilori eés dotinnidi. Mtrm pultm `epmrtilto do dosirrmnnm ol ni iktuin`did nm kmlst`tuyo ni hri ûpt`ki kmem eod`m pr`lk`pin do dosirrmnnm toklmnûa`km kml
los pultuinos s`l kmlkrotirso i÷l prmari eis do `lvost`aik`ûl kmnihmrit`vi. _lm do nms s`stoeis `ltorosiltos piri trihigir ol eogmrir ni Ym[ sml iquonnms quo so roin`zil ol t`oepm roin tin kmem ni trilse`s`ûl do v`dom. Nis emdorlis rodos NO quo so ostél `epnoeoltildm ol ni Xop÷hn`ki Iraolt`li mr`oltidis i nis intis vonmk`didos do trilse`s`ûl, fik`oldm fik`oldm f`lkip`à ol v`dom v` dom do t`oepm roin, `lvmnukril ni lokos`did `epor`msi do quo ni Ym[ soi ni idokuidi in sor v`k`m mcrok`dm. On sorv`k`m do kmlokt`v`did
kipik`didos euy arildos. On dosirrmnnm do nis rodos LAL trigm ipirogidm ul kmlgultm do kmlkoptms smhro ni Kin`did do [orv`k`m oeoraoltos do ni kmepnog`did y vir`odid do `lcriostrukturis kmlvoraoltos.
@R prmpmrk`mlidm pmr nis rodos NO doho smpmrtir Ym[ piri nmarir quo nms piquotos do ditms do uli dotore`lidi kmlox`ûl soil tritidms do emdm d`corolk`idm. Ostm pore`t`ré quo nis rodos NO smpmrtol e÷nt`pnos sorv`k`ms kml d`coroltos roqu`s`tms. On @S.. NÅLOI[ C_ @S C_T_XI[ T_XI[ DO TXI- ostud`m do ni aost`ûl do Ym[ ol rodos NO os ul toei quo puodo sor do `ltoràs. Os do HIGM Nis nålois do `lvost`aik`ûl iktuinos i osporirso quo ol on cuturm so puodil iulir l`von euld`in ipultil in mhgot`vm culdi- oscuorzms ol pms do nmarir ul olcmquo anmeoltin do trilse`t`r ni `lcmreik`ûl do ni hin do ni Kin`did do [orv`k`m ol Xodos do eilori eés rép`di, soauri y ok`olto. Ni onokmeul`kik`mlos. onokmeul`kik`mlos.
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SMN_EOL 4
XOCOXOLK@I[
Q`nkfoz G., „AERN[-olihnod ERN[/RQO; lmdo
Z9U Iuhol. Kin`did do [orv`k`m.
w`tf `ltoaritod 92 Ahps tulihno DQDE trilspml-
fttp7//www.iuhol.lot/`ldox.pfp 81 do eiym do 829?.
dors7 dos`al ild oxpor`eoltin ovinuit`ml―, Mr`a`lin
Z8U [oauri S`nninmhms, K. D. „D`soùm o @epnoeol-
Xosoirkf Irt`kno Kmeputor Lotwmrjs, Smnueo ?3,
tik`ûl do uli Eotmdmnmaåi piri ni Eod`k`ûl do
@ssuo 9;, ;98;-;9;?. 8298
Ym[/YmO ol [orv`k`ms M M Emltidms smhro uli Rniticmrei NO/@E[―. 8298.
Z92U L`otm I., Nûpoz G., „Forrie`olti piri ni Kmepolsik`ûl do Riréeotrms do Ym[ y [oaur`did―. XOK[@
Z;U _@. Xokmeoldik`ûl _@- A9222. [or`o A7 [`stoeis y Eod`ms do rilse`s`ûl, [`stoeis y Xodos D`a`tinos. Kin`did do sorv`k`m sor v`k`m y do d o trilse`s`ûl―. 8229. Z4U _@. Xokmeoldik`ûl _@ O.622 [or`o O7 Oxpnmtik`ûl Aolorin do ni Xod, [orv`k`m onocûl`km, onocûl`km, OxpnmtiOxpnmtik`ûl don [orv`k`m [or v`k`m y Ciktmros Fueilms. Kin`did do nms sorv`k`ms do tonokmeul`kik`ûl7
kmlkoptms, emdonms,
8294, In`kilto, 8-? sopt`oehro 8294. Z99U Ju` Qu. Gilonno Fires. Ym[ [uppmrt `l Emh`no Id Fmk Lotwmrjs._l`vors`ty mc Inhorti. Inhor ti. 822?. Z98U Hirhoiu y Jrilij`s. „Rr`lk`pnos mc Id-Fmk Lotwmrj`la―. Gmfl Q`noy ild [mls. 8221. Z9;U Tmeis D. Lidoiu, Lidoiu, Jol Ariy „[DL7 [mctwiro Dolod Lotwmrjs―. M‐Xo`nny. 829;.
mhgot`vms, pnil`kik`ûl do ni soaur`did do culk`mli-
Z94U @. Huolm, G. @. Izlir, O. Oskinmli, G. Corror, G.I. Air-
e`oltm ‛ àre`lms àre`lms y dol`k`mlos ronit`vms i ni kin`did
kåi- Ospål. „Il MpolLii[ hisod [DL Crieowmrj
do nms sorv`k`ms sor v`k`ms do tonokmeul`kik`ûl. 8226.
cmr Dylie`k Ym[ kmltrmn―, Cuturo Cuturo Lotwmrjs ild [or-
Z?U Airkåi, Xmkåm K., [inkodm, Mktiv`m G., Nûpoz, Dil`nm
v`kos ([DL4CL[), 829; @OOO @OOO [DL cmr. cmr. @OOO, 829;.
I. y Rodrizi, Nu`s C. „Ovinuik`ûl do ni Kin`did don
Z9?U Dil`on Au`gi Inkiriz. Inkiri z. „Aost`ûl y kmltrmn do Kin`did
[orv`k`m piri pir i Smz Smz smhro Rrmtmkmnm do @ltorlot (S ( Sm@R)
do [orv`k`m [or v`k`m do rodos [DL ol t`oepm roin- Ritfldor,
ol Xodos Q@EIV smhro Ieh`oltos @R/ERN[―.
uli [DLIpp piri on iprmv`s`mlie`oltm do Kin`did
@lcmreik`ûl @lcmr eik`ûl oklmnûa oklmnûa`ki `ki Smn. 8?(8), 84-;6. 84- ;6. Dm`7
do [orv`k`m―. [or v`k`m―. Oskmni Rmn`tækl`ki [upor`mr d'Ola`lyor`i
92.4231/[2196-
do S`nilmvi ` ni Aontr÷, _RK ‛ OR[OSA S`nilmvi `
21348294222822224 213482942 22822224.. 8294.
ni Aontr÷, Hirkonmli, Ospiùi. 8294.
Z3U On-Incy, O., [. Eugif`d., [. [on`e, „I Rirotm-hisod
Z93U Sok`ili Kirnos, [mnà Riroti Gmsop, [inos [ora`, Gmrd`
fyhr`d eunt`mhgokt`vo ovmnut`mliry ipprmikf cmr kmls-
Dme`lam. „E@XI7 [mctwiro piri on ilén`s`s do trékm
tri`lod eunt`pitf trik ola`loor`la mpt`e`zit`ml `l
@R smhro IE„. _l`vors`tit Rmn`tækl`ki Rmn`tækl`ki do Kitinulyi
ERN[/AERN[ lotwmrjs―, G. Lotwmrj ild Kmepu-
(_RK). 829;.
tor Ippn`kit`mls ;3 (4), 9903-9821. 829;.
Z91U O[@ [ 96? 229 S9.9.9. „onokmeeul`kit`ml „onokmeeul`kit`ml ild
Z1U K`skm. K`skm [oaeoltod Aolorin`zod Eunt`prmtmkmn Nihon [w`tkf`la. www.k`skm.kme. 6 do Gun`m 829?.
@ltorlot kmlvoraod [orv`kos [or v`kos ild Rrmtmkmns cmr Idvilkod Lotwmrj`la (@[RIL): Loxt Aolorit`ml Lot-
Z6U Iyil Hilorgoo, Gmfl Drijo, Gmlitfil R. Nila, ild
wmrj (LAL): Yuin`ty Y uin`ty mc [orv`ko (Ym[) Crieowmrj
Hrid urlor, Kin`olt Kin`ol t Lotwmrjs Lo twmrjs J`root` Jmeponni Jmeponni,,
ild Xoqu`roeolts―. 822?.
Gul`por Lotwmrjs Pijmv Pijmv Xojftor, „Aolorin`zod Eun-
Z96U _@. Xokmeeoldit`ml @_- P.9?49. „[or`os P7
t`prmtmkmn Nihon[w`tkf`la7 Il Mvorv`ow mc Xmut`la
Anmhin @lcmreit`ml @lcristrukturo, @ltorlot Rrmtmkmn
ild Eiliaoeolt Olfilkoeolts―. K`skm [ystoes.
Ispokts ildLoxt-Aolorit`ml Lotwmrjs.
@OOO Kmeeul`kit`mls Eiaiz`lo. Olorm 8229
Yuin`ty mc sorv`ko ild lot wmrj porcmreilko―. 8299.
Z0U S`ninti, X., Euùmz X., Kisonnis, F., Eirt`loz X., G.
@ltorlot
prmtmkmn ispokts ‛
80;
S`ow puhn`kit`ml stits
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