Caldera Pirotubular

PROCESOS QUIMICOS INDUSTRIALES

OSCAR DIAZ JULIO NATHALY MORENO RUBIO MARIA PAOLA SARAVIA YERALDIN PAJARO MORENO LAURA OSORIO GARCIA LEIDY VERGARA ECHEVERRY

KARINA ANGÉLICA OJEDA DELGADO, PhD

CALDERAS PIROTUBULARES

UNIVERSIDAD DE CARTAGENA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA PROGRAMA DE INGENIERIA QUIMICA

07 DE ABRIL DEL 0!"

CALDERAS PIROTUBULARES S#$ %&'())%* +%)(-%* ($ )%* &'( )#* .%*(* ( )% +#/'*123$ +2-+')%$ 4#- () 2$1(-2#- ( )#* 1'#* 5 () 6)'2# +%)#4#-1%#- 4#- () (1(-2#- ( )#* /2*/#* 8!9: D($1-# ( )%* ;($1%+2)/($1( )%* 6)'+1'%+2#$(* ($ )% (/%$%, M($#-(* (2. (2.($ ($+2 +2%* %* ( 4'-(? 4'-(?% % ($ () %.'% %.'% ( %)2/ %)2/($ ($1% 1%+2 +23$ 3$ 4#-& 4#-&'( '( )%* )%* 2$+2$+-'*1 '*1%+2 %+2#$ #$(* (* 6#-/%%* ($ () (1(-2#- ( )#* 1'#* *#$ />* 6>+2)(* ( %1%+%- 5 *#$ ()2/2$%%* 4#- )%* 4'-.%* 5 F%+2)2% ( 2$*4(++23$, -(4%-%+23$ 5 )2/42(?%: 89

FUNCIONAMIENTO: P%-% .($(-%) () ;%4#- +%)2($1( &'( 4%*% 4#- () 2$1(-2#- ( )#* 1'# (* $(+(*%-2# '$ 4-#+(*# ( +#/'*123$@ () #.($#, +#/'*12)( +#/'*12)( 5 '$% +h2*4% h%+($ 4#*2)( (*1( 4%*#.

Fig 1: F'$+2#$%/2($1# ( '$% +%)(-% 42-#1'')%- 89

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)% +%)( +%)(-% -% (( (( (*1%(*1%- ))($% ))($% h%*1% h%*1% #$( #$( 2$2+% 2$2+% () ;2*#;2*#- ( $2;() $2;(),, (;21%$ (;21%$# # '$% *(-2( ( 4%*#* 2$$(+(*%-2#* ($1-# ( )% /2*/%, 4'(* *2 () $2;() ( %.'% %.'% $# (*1> (*1> +#-+#--(+ (+1# 1# () +#$1 +#$1-# -#)) ( $2;( $2;()) 2/4( 2/4(2 2-> -> () ($+( ($+($ $2 2# # () () &'(/%#-, %-2($# )%* #/%* ( %)2/($1%+23$ h%*1% %)+%$?%- () $2;() ( %.'% -(&'(-2#: S2 () $2;() $2;() ( %.'% %.'% (*1> (*1> /'5 /'5 4#4#- (% (%* ( )#* 1'#* '$% +%)(-% 4-(*($1%  Quemado:  .($(-% )% ))%/% &'( 4-#;#+% )% )2(-%+23$ ( ($(-.% () +#/'*12)( %1#/2?%#  E! "oga o #$maa de #om%u&'i():   4%-1( ( )% +%)(-% ($ )% +'%) *( -(%)2?% () 4-#+(*# ( +#/'*123$:  *a+ de 'u%o&:  /)124)(* 1'#* 4#- )#* +'%)(* 4%*%-%$ )#* ;%4#-(* &'( 1-%$*62(-($ ($(-.% %) %.'%:  La #oa+a: (* >*2+%/($1( '$ +2)2$-# ( %+(-# ($ () +'%) *( ($+'($1-%$ '2+%#* )% +>/%-% ( +#/'*123$ 5 () h%? ( 1'#*:  Ta,a&: 4-(* 4-(*($ ($11% '$% 1%4% 1%4% 6-#$1 -#$1%) %) 5 '$% '$% 4#*1 4#*1((-22#- 4%-% 4%-% 6%+2 6%+2)2)211%- () /%$1($2/2($1# 5 )2/42(?% ( )#* 1'#* ( )% +%)(-%  C"ime)ea: 4#4#- #$ #$( ( *%)( *%)( % )% %1/ %1/#*6 #*6(-% (-% () CO 4-# 4-#'+ '+2 2# # ($ )% +#/'*123$  Bom%a& de a!ime)'a#i(): ))(;%$ () %.'% ( )#* 1%$&'(* ( +#$($*%# % )% +%)(-%:  Di&, .%-%$1 $12? 2?%$ %$ () +#-+#--(+ (+1# 1# Di&,o& o&ii'i-o 'i-o&& de #o) #o)'o! 'o!  &e &egu guidad idad:: .%-% 6'$+2# 6'$+2#$%/ $%/2($ 2($1# 1# () (&'24#, (&'24#, )#.-%$ )#.-%$# # '$ 4-#+(* 4-#+(*# # #412/# #412/# 5 +'2%$ +'2%$# # )% 2$1(.-2% ( )#* 1-%% +#$*121'2% )% +%)(-% 4%-% 1-%$*6(-2- () +%)#- %) %.'% +#$1($2% ($ )% +%-+%*%@ )% 26(-($+2% ($1-( )#* #* 124# ( +%)(-% &'( *( 4-(*($1% ($ )% F2.'-%, +#$*2*1( +#$*2*1( ($ () /#;2/2($1# /#;2/2($1# ( )#* .%*(* ($1-( )#* #* 4%*#* ($ '$ +%*# *( -(%)2?% % 1-%;* ( '$ +#$'+1# 4(-26-2+# (1(-$# 5 () #1-# % 1-%;* ( '$ +#$'+1# 2$1(-$# ($ )% +%)(-%

Fig 4. C#$62.'-%+23$ 2$1(-$% ( '$% +%)(-% P2-#1'')%-  .

CONDICIONES DE OPERACI5 CI5N PIROTUBULAR INDUSTRIAL

6

MATERIAL DE

UNA

CALDERA

G($( G($(-%) -%)/( /($1 $1(, (, *#$ *#$ 2*( 2*(=% =%%* %* 4%-% 4%-% #4(-% #4(-%-*( -*( +#$ +#$ 4-(* 4-(*2# 2#$( $(** ( 00 00 4*2. 4*2. 5 +%4%+2%(* ( 0:000 )h- ( ;%4#- 89: E* 2/4#-1 2/4#-1%$1 %$1( ( *%(- &'( )#* .%*(* ( +#/'*12 +#/'*123$ 3$ (($ ($6-2% ($6-2%-*( -*( %$1(* %$1(* ( %)+%$?%- )% +>/%-% ( 2$;(-*23$ +#/# /$2/# % 0C 4%-% )%* +%)(-%* ( %+(-# $#-/%)(* 5 % 70C 4%-% )%* +%)(-%* ( %)(%+2#$(* ( %+(-#: T(/4(-%1'-%* *'4(-2#-(* % (*1%* +%'*%-%$ *#-(+%)($1%/2($1# 5 .-2(1%* ( )%* 4)%$+h%* ($ () (1-(/# () h#.%-: 

Fu)dame)'o& de !a o,ea#i() de !a& #a!dea& 23:

E$ '$ 4-2$+242# )%* +%)(-%* (-%$ *2/4)(* 1%$&'(* ( h2(--# *#-( '$ h#.%- ( )(=%, )%* +%)(-%* /#(-$%* '12)2?%$ '$ 1'# ( 6'(.# # () 2*(=# ( 1'# ( %.'%: C'%) C'%)&' &'2( 2(-- 124# 24# 2$+# 2$+#-4 -4##-% % '$% '$% +>/ +>/%-% %-% ( +#/ +#/'*1 '*123 23$ $ ($ )#* )#* &'( &'( (*1 (*1>$ +#$12$'%/($1( ( +#/'*12)( 5 %2-( 2$1-#'+2# 5 *( &'(/%$: L#* .%*(* ( +#/'*123$ +%)2($1(* *( '12)2?%%$ 4%-% +%)($1%- () 2$1(-2#- # (1(-2#- ( '$ 1'#:

APLICACIONES 43 L% +%)(-% 42-#1'')%-, (* () 124# />* '12)2?%# ($ )% 2$'*1-2%, 4%-% %4)2+%+2#$(* &'( -(&'2(-($ /#(-%%* 4-(*2#$(* 5 (/%$%* ( ;%4#-: E$ ())% )#* .%*(* 4-#'+2#* ($ )% -(%++23$ ( +#/'*123$ +2-+')%$ 4#- () 2$1(-2#- ( )#* 1'#* 5 () %.'% %.'% *( ($+'($ ($+'($11-% % 4#4#- 6'(-% 6'(-% ( ())# ())#*: *: L#* L#* 1'#* 1'#* 4'( 4'(($ ($ (*1% (*1%-- 2*4 2*4'( '(*1 *1#* #* h#-2?#$ h#-2?#$1%) 1%) # ;(-12+ ;(-12+%)/ %)/($1 ($1(: (: G($(-%) G($(-%)/($1 /($1(, (, *#$ 2*(=% 2*(=%%* %* 4%-% 4%-% #4(-%-*( #4(-%-*( +#$ 4-(*2#$(* ( 00 4*2. 5 +%4%+2%(* ( 0:000 )h- ( ;%4#-: L% %4)2+%+23$ ( )%* +%)(-%* 42-#1'')%-(* 12($( '$ +%/4# /'5 %/4)2# 5% &'( () ;%4#- (* $(+(*%-2# ($ )% /%5#-% ( )#* 4-#+(*#* 1-/2+#* ($1-( )#* +'%)(* 1($(/#* )#* *2.'2($1(* +%/4#*: 

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F$%i#a& de #o)#e'o ,e7a%i#ado  )#* +#$+-(1#* $(+(*21%$ *(- /(12#* ($ h#-$#* 4%-% *' 4-#+(*%/2($1# +#--(+1#, 4%-% 1-%1%- ( /%$1($(-)#* % '$% 1(/4(-%1'-% ($1-( "0C 5 70C: I)du&'ia a!ime)'i#ia  )#* %)2/($1#* *#$ +#+2#* '*'%)/($1( ($ #))%* +#$ +h%& +h%&'( '(11%* ( ;%4# ;%4#-- % '$% '$% 4-(* 4-(*223$ ( "04*2 04*2:: S( (( (($ $ %)+% %)+%$? $?%-  %-  1(/4(-%1'-%* ( %4-#2/%%/($1( !0"C 4%-% )#.-%- (;%4#-%- '$ 0 ( *' +#$1($2# ( %.'%: Ceme8a& )%* +h%&'(1%* ( ;%4#- 4%-% )% ()%#-%+23$ ( +-(/% 5 &'(*# -(&'2(-($ '$% 4-(*23$ ( ;%4#- ( !004*2 5 '$ +%)($1%/2($1# %4-#2/%# ( !C % 0C:

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(*1( 4-#+ 4-#+(* (*# # *( -(&' -(&'2( 2(-( -( *(+% *(+%-- () 4%4( 4%4()) ($ 1%/ 1%/##-(* (* Pa,e!ea& ($ (*1( -#1%12;#* +%)2($1(*: L% 4-(*23$ ( ;%4#- %4-#2/%% ($ (*1%* />&'2$%* (* ( !0 4*2: P!a) P!a)'a 'a&& de a& a&7a 7a!' !'o o 4%-% +%)($1%- () %*6%)1# ( !C % !C .($(-%)/($1( *( $(+(*21% ;%4#- % '$% 4-(*23$ %4-#2/%% ( ! 4*2: E9ui E9ui,o ,o&& de "o&, "o&,i' i'a! a!e& e& *( '12)2?% ;%4#- ( %)1% 4-(*23$ 4%-% (*1(-2)2?%#-(*: T%/2$ T%/2$ *( )% '12)2?% 4%-% #1($(- %.'% +%)2($1(: Ti)'oe8a& () ;%4#- 4-#;($2($1( ( )% +%)(-% (( 6)'2- 4#- () 6#$# ( )#* 1%$&'(* () 12$1( 4%-% +%)($1%- () /2*/#, 1%/2$ *( (( %.21%-)# +#$ () 62$ ( /(?+)%-)#: I)du&'ia 9u8mi#a  *( '12)2?% ;%4#- 4%-% )% /%5#-% ( )#* 4-#+(*#* ($ (*1( +%/4#, '$# ( ())#* (* )% #1($+23$ ( %)2/($1#*:

REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS

8!9 .'2% ( +%)(-%* 2$'*1-2%)(* (62+2($1(* VIESSMANN  124#)#.% ( +%)(-%*  +#$*')1%# ()  ( %-2) () 0!" h114:6($(-+#/:+#/4%.(*466#-/%+2#$!0!J#-$%%0+%)(-%* 02$'*1-2%)(*0T24#)#.2%(+%)(-%*VIESSMANN6($(-+#/0!

89 89 C%) C%)(-% (-%** +#$ 1'#* 1'#* /)1 /)124 24)( )(** ( h'/# h'/#  P2-#1 P2-#1' '') ')%-( %-(**  A*# A*#-* -*2* 2*1( 1(/ / +#$*')1%# ()  ( %-2) () 0!": h114:%*#-*2*1(/:+#/1(+$#)#.2%+%)(-%*42-#1'')%-(*

89: Q'2=#$(? C(-+%# N:, A: 00 D(*%--#))# ( *#61%-( 4%-% () %$>)2*2* 5 2*(=# 1-/2+# ( +%)(-%* 42-#1'')%-(* h#-2?#$1%)(* +#$ &'(/%#-(* % D2*() 5 B'$(-: C#$*')1%# () %  ( A-2) ( 0!", ($ () *212# ( h114:+2:(*4#):(':(+D2.24%1hDT h114 :+2:(*4#):(':(+D2.24%1hDT(*2*PDFD"":46  (*2*PDFD"":46 :

89: V>*&'(? R'2? C*%- A'.'*1#: A'.'*1#: 00 M%$'%) M%$'%) ( +%)(-%*: G-'4# AIRE  -(% M(1-#4#)21%$% () V%))( ( A'-->: C#$*')1%# () %  ( A-2) ( 0!", ($ () *212# ( h114 h114:/(1-#4#):.#; :/(1-#4#):.#;:+#C%)2%A2-()*#+F'($1(*F2