Calculo Huella Carbono Neumáticos

 

]L@YMZ_@DND TMOL@ON IMDMZ@OK _NLTN ANZ@N Vmuak Zmpks`tkr`k D`e`tnc ]_A

bttps7//rmpks`tkr`k.usa.oc

Tms`s ]_A

TM_@_ dm Vrmerndk dm noomsk NJ@MZTK

:6>2

VZKPMOTK DM T@T]CK –M_T]D@K OKAVNZNT@YK MLTZM ]L LM]ANT@OK L]MYK P ]L LM]ANT@OK ZMON]OBNDK, VNZN ZMD]OO@KL DM B]MCCN DM ONZJKLK‑ ONTNCÎL BMLZÁ^]MW, VN]CN NCMGNLDZN bttps7//bdc.bnldcm.lmt/>>95?/4=??: Dkwlckndmd dm Vmuak Zmpks`tkr`k D`e`tnc ]_A, ]L@YMZ_@DND TMOL@ON IMDMZ@OK _NLTN ANZ@N

 

>

]L@YMZ_@DND TÀOL@ON IMDMZ@OK _NLTN ANZÁN _MDM Y@ÞN DMC ANZ-GK_À A@E]MC ONZZMZN

VZKPMOTK DM T@T]CK – M_T]D@K

OKAVNZNT@YK MLTZM ]L

LM]ANT@OK L]MYK P ]L LM]ANT@OK ZMON]OBNDK, VNZN ZMD]OO@KL DM B]MCCN DM ONZJKLK‑ 

Trnjngk dm T`tucno`ÿl pnrn kptnr nc Tátuck dm @leml`mrk dm Mgmouo`ÿl ml AMOÎL@ON DM VZKOM_K_

P

ANLTML@A@MLTK

@LD]_TZ@NC. Ncualks7 _rtn. Vnucn Ncmgnldrn Irnlo`son Ontncîl Bmlráqumz _r. Bàotkr Mstmjnl Jÿrqumz Yîsqumz Vrkimskr Euán7 @le. Iàc`x V`znrrk Anrtálmz

:6>2

 

:

 

?

ZM_]AML

HMPUKZD_ 7 ZMON]OBNDK, B]MCCN DM ONZJKLK, MA@_@KLM_ EM@, @LD]_TZ@N DMC LM]ANT@OK. Mstm trnjngk dm tátuck okrrmspkldm n ul mstud`k okapnrnt`vk mltrm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk y ulk rmonuobndk, nsá okak tnaj`àl ul nlîc`s`s moklÿa`ok y dm oîcouck skjrm cns ma`s`klms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk qum sm prkduoml ml mc prkomsk dm rmonuobndk dm uln pcnltn, ml mstm onsk, @lsnanr ctdn. Onpátuck >7 _m pklm ml okltmxtk, tkdns cns antmr`ns qum skl pnrtm dmc prmsmltm mstud`k, nocnrnldk oklomptks ocnvms qum mstruoturnl mc nlîc`s`s. _m d`spklm dm o`irns y  pnrt`o`pno`ÿl  pnrt`o`p no`ÿl dm cn `ldustr` `ldustr`nn ddmc mc lmuaît`ok lmuaît`ok,, cks o`ocks dm v`dn qum sm prkduo prkduoml ml n ppnrt`r nrt`r dmc prkomsk dm rmonuobngm, cn bumccn dm onrjklk qum sm vn emlmrnldk, y mc anrok rmeucntkr`k qum dn pnrîamtrks dm onc`dnd n tkdk ck nltmr`kr. Onpátuck :7 Oklt`mlm `likrano`ÿl emlmrnc skjrm cn Maprmsn @lsnanr Ctdn., dmsor`po`ÿl dm trnjngks y smrv`o`ks qum sm rmnc`znl ml sus `lstncno`klms. Dmsor`po`ÿl dm cn cálmn dm prkduoo`ÿl dm rmonuobndk, nlnc`znldk cns 2 mtnpns okl qum oumltn mstn cálmn dm rmonuobndk, cns ouncms skl, `lspmoo`ÿl `l`o`nc, puc`dk, rnspndk, rmpnrno`ÿl,  prmpnrn o`ÿl dm ekan pkr mxtruo  prmpnrno`ÿl mxtruotkrn, tkrn, npc`ono` npc`ono`ÿl ÿl dm ekan dm rkdndur rkdndurn, n, vuconl vuconl`zndk `zndk y

okltrkc dm onc`dnd. Onpátuck ?7 _m rmnc`zn ul nlîc`s`s moklÿa`ok mltrm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk y ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk dm s`a`cnrms onrnotmrást`ons, okapnrnldk najns cálmns dm  prkduoo`ÿl,  prkduoo `ÿl, pnrn dmtmra`lnr dmtmra`l nr t`pks dm antmr`ns pr`ans y mc pkromlt pkromltngm ngm dm okapks` okapks`o`ÿl o`ÿl ml su injr`ono`ÿl, ndmaîs sm dmtmra`lnrî mc oklsuak mlmreàt`ok dm najns cálmns, pnrn dmtmra`lnr pkromltngms dm oklsuak mcàotr`ok, tàra`ok, ens lnturnc y d`àsmc, nlnc`znldk y okapnrnldk okstks tktncms dm oklsuak. Onpátuck 47 Ounlt`i`ono`ÿl m `ltrkduoo`ÿl dm EM@ mltrm lmuaît`oks lumvks y lmuaît`oks rmonuobndks, jnsndks ml aàtkdk dm mstud`k rmnc`zndk pkr GNTAN. Mc aàtkdk ms ut`c`zndk pnrn oncoucnr, nlnc`znr y mvncunr ounlt`tnt`vnamltm mc `apnotk skjrm mc amd`k naj`mltm n ck cnrek dm tkdk mc o`ock dm v`dn dmsdm cn ndqu`s`o`ÿl dm cns antmr`ns pr`ans pnrn mc prkduotk k smrv`o`k okamro`nc, bnstn mc dmsonrtm y mc rmo`ocngm. _m emlmrnl oklocus`klms ml tkrlk n tkdks cks nlîc`s`s amlo`klndks y sm msocnrmom uln pks`o`ÿl irmltm n mstks rmsuctndks.

 

4

 

=

ÁLD@OM

ZM_]AML _@ECN P _@AJKCKEÁN

@LTZKD]OO@ßL ....................................................................................................... >  KJGMT@YK_ ................................................................................................................ ?  

KJGMT@YK EMLMZNC ................................................................................................ ?  KJGMT@YK M_VMOÁI@OK_ .......................................................................................... ? ONVÁT]CK >7 NLTMOMDMLTM_ EMLMZNCM_.................................................... EMLMZNCM_ .................................................... = 

>.>. 

@LD]_TZ@N DMC LM]AÎT@OK ML OB@CM ................................................ 2 

>.:. 

ZMON]OBNDK P _]_ VZKOM_K_ ........................................................... >6 

>.?. 

EM_T@ßL NAJ@MLTNC P B]MCCN DM ONZJKLK ............................... >? 

>.4. 

 LKZANT@YN_ DM ONC@DND N L@YMC LNO@KLNC M @LTMZLNO@KLNC ....................................................................................... >9 

>.4.>.   LOb >09?.Ki>0 >09 ?.Ki>029 29 ............. ....... ............ ............ ............. .............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .......... >9  >.4.:.   LOb??547  LOb??547:6>= :6>= .... .......... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ..... >9  >.=. 

AMTKDKCKEÁN_ AMTKDKCKEÁN _ P OMZT@I@ONO@KLM_................................................. >5 

>.=.>.  VN_ :6=6....................................................................................................... :6=6....................................................................................................... >5  >.=.:.  @_K ................................................................................................................ >5  >.=.?.  @_K >4646 - @_K >4644 ................................................................................. >2  >.=.4.  @_K >4694 ..................................................................................................... >2  >.=.=.  @_K >4695 ..................................................................................................... >2  >.=.9.  Aàtkdk dmc GNTAN ....................................................................................... >2  >.=.5.  EBE Vrktkokc ................................................................................................ >0 ONVÁT]CK :7 @LIKZANO@ßL MAVZM_N P VZKOM_K VZKD]OT@YK DM @L_NANZ CTDN ........................................................................................ :> 

:.>. 

NLTMOMDMLTM_ MAVZM_N @L_NANZ CTDN ....................................... :? 

:.:. 

DNTK_ MAVZM_N....................................................................................... :4 

:.?.  :.4. 

DM_OZ@VO@ßL DMC VZKOM_K V ZKOM_K DMC ZMON]OBNDK ............................. :4  CÁLMN DM VZKD]OO@ßL DM ZMON]OBNDK ........................................ :9 

:.4.>.  Vr`amrn mtnpn7 @lspmoo`ÿl `l`o`nc ................................................................... :9  :.4.:.  _meuldn mtnpn7 Vuc`dk ................................................................................... :5  :.4.?.  Tmromrn mtnpn7 Znspnd Znspndkk .................................................................................. :2  :.4.4.  Ounrtn mtnpn7 Zmpnrno`ÿl ............................................................................... :2 

 

9

:.4.=.  ^u`ltn mtnpn7 Vrmpnrno`ÿl dm lmuaît`ok okl ekan pkr mxtruoo`ÿl ............... :0  :.4.9.  _mxtn mtnpn7 Npc`ono`ÿl dm jnldn dm rkdndurn .............................................. ?6  :.4.5.  _àpt`an mtnpn7 Yuconl`zndk y mlvkcturn dmc lmuant`ok ................................ ?6  :.4.2.  Kotnvn mtnpn7 Okltrkc dm onc`dnd ................................................................... ?: ONVÁT]CK ?7 NLÎC@_@_ MOKLßA@OK MLTZM CN VZKD]OO@ßL DM LM]AÎT@OK_ L]MYK_ P LM]AÎT@OK_ ZMON]OBNDK_ ........... ??  

?.>. 

NLÎC@_@_ MOKLßA@OK LM]AÎT@OK L]MYK ..................................... ?=  

?.>.>.  Okstk pkr prkduoo`ÿl ............................................... .................................................................................... ..................................... ?=  ?.>.:.  Okstks dm cks antmr`ncms qum okapklml ul lmuaît`ok .................................. ?2  ?.:. 

NLÎC@_@_ MOKLßA@OK LM]AÎT@OK_ ZMON]OBNDK ..................... 46  

?.:.>.  Okstks D`rmotks ............................................................................................. 46   ?.:.:.  Okstks @ld`rmotks ........................................................................................... 4>    

?.:.?. ?.?. 

 

Okstks dm prkduoo`ÿl tktnc ............................................................................ 44 OKAVNZNT@YN MOKLßA@ON MOKLßA@ON MLTZM ]L LM]AÎT@OK L]MYK P ]L  LM]AÎT@OK ZMON]OBNDK Z MON]OBNDK ...... ............ ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ...... 4=

ONVÁT]CK 47 O]NLT@I@ONO@ßL DM EM@ MLTZM LM]AÎT@OK_ L]MYK_ P LM]AÎT@OK_ ZMON]OBNDK_ ........................................................ 45  

4.>. 

@LTZKD]OO@ßL NC AÀTKDK DM OÎCO]CK DM MA@_@KLM_ DM MIMOTK @LYMZLNDMZK VNZN LM]AÎT@OK_ L]MYK_ P  LM]AÎT@OK_ ZMON]OBNDK_ ............ ...... ............ ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ........ 40 

4.>.>.  Ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk d`r`e`dks nc oîcouck ........................................... 40  4.>.:.  Nconlom dmc o`ock dm v`dn n oncoucnr .............................................................. =6  4.:. 

OÎCO]CK DM CN_ ONLT@DNDM_ DM MA@_@ßL DM EN_M_ DM MIMOTK @LYMZLNDMZK ML MC O@OCK DM Y@DN Y @DN DM CK_  LM]AÎT@OK_ ............. ....... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ........ =6 

4.:.>.  Mtnpn dm antmr`n pr`an .................................................................................. =6  4.:.:.  Mtnpn dm injr`ono`ÿl ...................................................................................... =>  4.:.?.  Mtnpn dm d`str`juo`ÿl ..................................................................................... =>   4.:.4.  Mtnpn dm usk ...................................................... .................................................................................................. ............................................ =:  4.:.=.  Mtnpn dm i`l dm v`dn y rmo`ocngm ..................................................................... =?  4.?. 

ONLT@DND DM MA@_@KLM_ DM EM@ ML O@OCK DM Y@DN .................... 9> 

4.?.>.  Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`klms ml mc prkomsk dm prkduoo`ÿl dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk y ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk .............................................................................. 9>  4.4. 

@L_TNCNO@ßL DM VNLMCM_ IKTKYKCTN@OK_ ML MAVZM_N @L_NANZ CTDN ......................................................................................... 9:  

4.=. 

VNLMCM_ IKTKYKCTN@OK_ .................................................................... 9?  

 

5

4.=.>.  Aÿduck skcnr.................................................................................................. 9?  4.=.:.  Zmeucndkr dm onren ........................................................................................ 9?  4.=.?.  Jntmrán ........................................................................................................... 94  4.=.4.  @lvmrskr ......................................................................................................... 94  4.9.  VNLMCM_ IKTKYKCTN@OK_ P _] ZMCNO@ßL OKL MC AMD@K NAJ@MLTM .................................................................................................. 94 OKLOC]_@KLM_ P ZMOKAMLDNO@KLM_ ZMOKAMLDNO@KLM_ ....................................................... 95  J@JC@KEZNIÁN ....................................................................................................... 5?   NLMRK_ .................................................................................................................... 5= 

NLMRK N7 YNCKZM_ DM OKL_]AK ML MAVZM_N @L_NANZ CTDN ............. 55  NLMRK J7 YNCKZM_ DM ANTMZ@NCM_ ]T@C@WNDK_ ML @L_NANZ .............. 52  NLMRK O7 ZMCNO@ßL DM OKLI@E]ZNO@ßL DM ANTMZ@NC DM LM]AÎT@OK ZMVZM_MLTNT@YN..................................................................................... ZMVZM_MLTNT@Y N..................................................................................... 2>  NLMRK D7 OKMI@O@MLTM DM MA@_@ßL DM EM@ ML CN INJZ@ONO@ßL DM ANTMZ@N_ VZ@AN_ VNZN LM]AÎT@OK_ ............................................. 2?  NLMRK M7 @AVKZTM DM MA@_@KLM_ DM EM@ ML CN INJZ@ONO@ßL DM ANTMZ@N_ VZ@AN_ ................................................................................... 2=  NLMRK I7 

OKLI@E]ZNO@ßL DM M_OMLNZ@K_ ML MC MLYÁK DM

ANTMZ@N_ VZ@AN_ ................................................................................... 29  NLMRK E7 OKMI@O@MLTM DM MA@_@ßL DM EM@ ML MC MLYÁK DM ANTMZ@N_ VZ@AN_ ........................................................................................................ 20  NLMRK B7 AKLTK DM MA@_@ßL DM EM@ ML MC MLYÁK DM ANTMZ@N_ VZ@AN_ ........................................................................................................ 06  NLMRK @7 OKMI@O@MLTM DM MA@_@ßL DM EM@ E M@ DM MLMZEÁN ............................ 0?  NLMRK G7 OKLI@E]ZNO@ßL DMC M_OMLNZ@K VNZN MC MLYÁK DM VZKD]OTK_ DM LM]AÎT@OK_............................................................... 0=  NLMRK H7 OKLD@O@KLM_ DM MLYÁK VNZN LM]AÎT@OK_ ]_NDK_ ............ 05  NLMRK C7 ONLT@DND DM MA@_@ßL DM EM@ ML CN ZMCNO@ßL P INJZ@ONO@ßL DM CN OKAVK_@O@ßL DM CN_ ANTMZ@N_ VZ@AN_

OKAV]M_TN_ ............................................................................................. 00  NLMRK A7 C@IMOPOCM D@NEZNA KI YMB@OCM TPZM_ ................................ >6> 

 

2

ÁLD@OM DM I@E]ZN_

I`eurn >->.

Msquman rmcno`klnc mltrm mlt`dndms y tmans n dmsnrrkccnr

5

I`eurn >-:.

Okapks`o`ÿl y mstruoturn dm ul lmuaît`ok t`pk

2

I`eurn >-?.

Vrkymoo`ÿl dm rmonaj`k y emlmrno`ÿl dm LI] ml Ob`cm

>6

I`eurn >-4.

O`ock dm v`dn dm cks lmuaît`oks ml Ob`cm

>>

I`eurn >-9.

Ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk (EM@)

>4

I`eurn >-5.

Iumltms dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@

>=

I`eurn :->.

]j`ono`ÿl Emkerîi`on dm Maprmsn @lsnanr Ctdn 

:4

I`eurn :-:.

Iktkernián mqu`pk dm `lspmoo`ÿl `l`o`nc 

:5

I`eurn :-?.

Mqu`pk dm puc`dk 

:5

I`eurn :-4.

Mqu`pk dm rnspndk

:2

I`eurn :-=.

Mqu`pk dm rmpnrnr lmuaît`ok

:0

I`eurn :-9.

Anqu`ln mxtruskrn dm ekan

:0

I`eurn :-5.

Okckono`ÿl dm jnldn dm rkdndurn

?6

I`eurn :-2.

Oîanrns dm vuconl`zndk

?>

I`eurn :-0.

Mqu`pk nutkocnvm, vuconl`zndk dm onuobk

?>

I`eurn :->6. Mqu`pk puc`dkr

?:

ÁLD@OM DM TNJCN_

Tnjcn ?->.

Oklsuak dm antmr`ncms y oklsuak dm mlmreán pnrn mc  prkomsna`mltk  prkoms na`mltk dm antmr`ns pr`ans y cn injr`ono`ÿl injr`ono `ÿl dm ul lumvk ?9 lmuaît`ok pnrn ona`klms pmsndks

Tnjcn ?-:.

Oklsuak dm antmr`ncms y oklsuak dm mlmreán pnrn mc  prkomsna`mltk  prkoms na`mltk dm antmr`ns pr`ans y cn injr`ono`ÿl injr`ono `ÿl dm ul lumvk ?5 lmuaît`ok pnrn vmbáoucks pmsndks

Tnjcn ?-?.

Oklvmrs`ÿl mlmreàt`on dm XAGQ n XhUbQ dmc lmuaît`ok

?5

Tnjcn ?-4.

Okstks mlmreàt`oks pkr lmuaît`ok

?5

Tnjcn ?-=.

Antmr`ns pr`ans injr`ono`ÿl lmuaît`ok lumvk

?2

Tnjcn ?-9.

Dmtmra`ln pkromltngm dm okapks`o`ÿl dmc antmr`nc

?0

Tnjcn ?-5.

Okstk moklÿa`ok mst`andk dm antmr`ncms y prkduoo`ÿl dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk

Tnjcn ?-2.

?0

Okstks jnldn dm rkdna`mltks sme÷l anron y prkamd`k sme÷l  pkroml tngm  pkromltngm 4>

 

0

Tnjcn ?-0. Tnjcn ?->6.

Okstks antmr`ncms prkamd`k nþk :6>9 Oklsuak mcàotr`ok prkamd`k nþk :6>9

4> 4:

Tnjcn ?->>.

Oklsuak d`àsmc prkamd`k nþk :6>9

4?

Tnjcn ?->:.

Oklsuak ens lnturnc prkamd`k nþk :6>9.

4?

Tnjcn ?->?.

Okstks oklsuak tktnc prkamd`k nþk :6>9

44

Tnjcn ?->4.

Okstk tktnc pkr lmuaît`ok prkamd`k nþk :6>9

44

Tnjcn 4->.

Ensms d`r`e`dks nc oîcouck

40

Tnjcn 4-:.

Tnanþks y pmsks rmprmsmltnt`vks dm cks lmuaît`oks

=6

Tnjcn 4-?.

Akltk dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn mtnpn emlmrnc dm cn antmr`n pr`an

=>

Tnjcn 4-4.

Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ pkr ul lmuaît`ok ml cn mtnpn dm injr`ono`ÿl

=>

Tnjcn 4-=.

Akltk dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn mtnpn dm d`str`juo`ÿl

=:

Tnjcn 4-9.

Okli`eurno`ÿl dm cns okld`o`klms dm usk dm lmuaît`oks.

=:

Tnjcn 4-5.

Akltk dmc okl oklsuak suak dm okajust`jcm dmc in inotkr otkr dm cn ccnltn y onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@.

Tnjcn 4-2.

Onlt`dnd dm ensms dm mimotk dm `lvmrlndmrk lmuaît`ok lumvk

=? =4

Tnjcn 4-0.

Zmcno`ÿl dm pmsk dmc antmr`nc pnrn mc rmonuobndk

==

Tnjcn 4->6.

Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml Okapumstk Zmt`rndk ml cn Mtnpn =9 dm Antmr`n Vr`an

Tnjcn 4->>.

Onlt`dnd dm ma`s ma`s`ÿl `ÿl dm EM@ EM@ ml cn prkpkro`ÿl y cn d` d`str`juo`ÿl str`juo`ÿl dm okapks`o`ÿl dm antmr`n pr`an pnrn mc rmonuobndk.

Tnjcn 4->:.

Onlt`dnd dm ma` ma`s`ÿl s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn d`str`juo` d`str`juo`ÿl ÿl dm cn ant antmr`n mr`n  pr`an pnrn p nrn mc rmonuobn r monuobndk dk

Tnjcn 4->?.

Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ pkr pmsk rmnc dm rmonuo rmonuobndk bndk ml cn anluinoturn dm cks okapklmltms pnrn mc rmonuobndk

Tnjcn 4->4.

=9 =5 =2

Onlt`dnd dm oklsuak dm mlmreán y onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@  pkr ul lmuaît`o lmuaît`okk ounldk sm prkduom prkduomll lmuaît`ok lmuaît`okss rmonuob rmonuobndks. ndks. =0 Iumltm Maprmsn @lsnanr Ctdn

Tnjcn 4->=.

Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ nc rmut`c`znr prkduotks

=0

Tnjcn 4->9.

Mimotk dm rmduoo`ÿl dm ma`s`klms dm EM@ amd`nl amd`nltm tm cn rmut`c`zno`ÿl dm prkduotks (rmonuobndk)

Tnjcn 4->5.

Ma`s`ÿl EM@ dm ul lmuaît`ok rmprmsmltnt`vk cumek dmc usk y rmonuobndk

Tnjcn 4->2.

Vkromltngm dm ma`s`ÿl ml prkduoo`ÿl dm ul pnlmc iktkvkctn`ok

 

>6

@LD@OM DM EZÎI@OK_

Erîi`ok >->.

D`str`juo`ÿl dm usk dm lmuaît`oks ml Ob`cm

0

@LD@OM DM D@NEZNAN_

D`nernan :->. Msquman prkomsk dm dmcc rmonuobndk

:=

96 9> 9:

 

>>

_@ECN P _@AJKCKEÁN

_áajkck

Lkajrm

]l`dnd

a

Amtrk

Ckle`tud

he

H`ckernak

Ansn

Tkl

Tklmcndn

Ansn

AG

Amen Gkucm

Mlmreán

BV

Bkrsm Vkwmr

Vktmlo`n

hUb

H`ckwntt bkrn

Vktmlo`n

 LI]

Lmuaît`oks Lmuaît`ok s iumr iumrnn dm us uskk

 LLu

Lmuaît`ok Lumvk

 LZm

Lmuaît`ok rmlkvn rmlkvndk dk

O@LO

Oîanrn dm cn @ldustr`n dmc Lmuaît`ok dm Ob`cm

VN_

Vujc`ocy Nvn`cnjcm _pmo`i`ont`kl Nsko`no`ÿl dm Zmonuobndkrms y Zmlkvndkrms dm

NZLMO

Ob`cm

CON

C`im oyocm nssmssamlt

OK:

D`ÿx`dk dm onrjklk

EM@

Ensms mimotk `lvmrlndmrk

OCV

Vmsk Ob`cmlk

 LOb

Lkran O Ob`cmln b`cmln

@_K

Krenl`zno`ÿl Mstnldnr`zno`ÿl

Ctdn.

Okapnþán C`a`tndn

NVC

Noumrdk dm prkduoo`ÿl c`ap`n

MOOZ

Mstîldnr okrpkrnt`vk dm okltnj`c`dnd y rmpkrtm

EBE

Ermml bkusm ens

bp

Bkrn pultn

-

@ltmrlno`klnc

pnrn

cn

 

>:

 

>

@LTZKD]OO@ßL

Ml cn notunc`dnd, nutkr`dndms, nerupno`klms amd`k naj`mltncms, maprmsns  pr`vndnss y omltrks dm mstud`ks  pr`vndn mstud`ks,, nlnc`znl pks`jcms onaj`ks dm cns rmeucno`klms rmeucno` klms dmc îaj`tk naj`mltnc, emst`klnldk amgkrns ml cns okld`o`klms ml qum sm emlmrn mlmreán y nakrt`eunldk mc `apnotk nc amd`k naj`mltm qum sm prkduom. Jngk mstn prma`sn lnom ul válouck mltrm cn maprmsn @lsnanr Ctdn., dmd`ondn nc rmonuobngm dm lmuaît`oks qum bnl nconlzndk mc aîx`ak dm su v`dn ÷t`c, maprmsns Ncmanlns T]Y Zbm`lcnld y MIN Cm`pz`e, dmd`ondn n cn `apcmamltno`ÿl dm skcuo`klms mlmreàt`ons okl ikok ml mlmreáns vmrdms y/k rmlkvnjcms, y cn ]TI_A, ul`vmrs`dnd dm onrîotmr p÷jc`ok qum juson ikrtncmomr cns rmcno`klms mltrm mc îaj`tk nondàa`ok y mc  pr`vndk . Okak ncualks amakr`st  pr`vndk. amakr`stns, ns, trnjngnak trnjngnakss auct`d`so` auct`d`so`pc`lnr`na pc`lnr`namltm, mltm, nuamltnl nu amltnldk dk vkcultndms y msiumrzks ml pks dm emlmrnr `likrano`ÿl y skcuo`klms n cn prkjcmaît`on qum nquá sm dmsor`jm, `apcmamltnldk mstîldnrms `ltmrlno`klncms qum pumdnl dnr oumltn dm àstn n l`vmc ckonc. Ml cn notunc`dnd mc usk dmc lmuaît`ok ms `ld`spmlsnjcm ml mc trnlspkrtm dm onren y akv`c`dnd urjnln, sme÷l mstud`ks (iumltm7 oîanrn dm cn `ldustr`n dmc lmuaît`ok N.E.) mc amrondk dm lmuaît`oks ormom okls`dmrnjcmamltm ondn nþk, o`irns qum  prmkoupnl  prmkoup nl n nnutkr`dn utkr`dndms, dms, pumstk qum, pkr cn okapks`o` o kapks`o`ÿl ÿl qum t`mlm ul lmuaît`ok mstks lk skl j`kdmerndnjcms, pkr ck ounc su mc`a`lno`ÿl dmc moks`stman ms `apks`jcm ml ul  pmr`kdk n okrtk pcnzk pcnzk.. @lsnanr Ctdn. Maprmsn dm rmonuobngm, emlmrn ul prkymotk pnrn cn ndkpo`ÿl dm mlmreáns c`ap`ns ml sus prkomsks, n trnvàs dm cn `lstncno`ÿl dm pnlmcms iktkvkctn`oks ml sus dmpmldmlo`ns. Mstn `apcmamltno`ÿl t`mlm okak pr`lo`pnc kjgmt`vk rmduo`r mc oklsuak mlmreàt`ok mcàotr`ok ml mc prkomsk dm rmonuobndk dm lmuaît`oks y okl mstk cn rmduoo`ÿl dm d`ÿx`dk dm onrjklk qum sm emlmrn ml cn mtnpn dm cálmn dm prkduoo`ÿl.

Mc prkymotk okls`dmrn mc mstud`k okapnrnt`vk mltrm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk y ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk, okl mc i`l dm okltrnstnr ck qum `apc`on mc okstk tktnc dm  prkduoo`ÿl,  prkduoo `ÿl, yn smn, oklsua oklsuaks ks mlmreàt`oks, mlmreàt` oks, okstks dm antmr`ns pr`ans pr`ans,, y onlt`dnd dm OK:  ml cn emlmrno`ÿl dm najns cálmns prkduot`vns dm lmuaît`oks. N su vmz, sm okls`dmrn cn npc`ono`ÿl dm cn bmrrna`mltn dm bumccn dm onrjklk, ut`c`znldk uln amd`o`ÿl nokrdm n cks pnrîamtrks `ltmrlno`klncms qum v`s`j`c`znrî mc vkcuaml dm ma`s`klms (okl dntks ckoncms), dm cns maprmsns lno`klncms dmltrk dm cn `ldustr`n. Vnrn oklocu`r mc nlîc`s`s, sm dmakstrnrî mc nltms y dmspuàs dm cns ma`s`klms dm d`ÿx`dk dm onrjklk, okl cn `lstncno`ÿl dm cks pnlmcms iktkvkctn`oks ml cn a`san cálmn dm prkduoo`ÿl, pnrn ckernr mstm kjgmt`vk sm tmldrî qum amd`r y nlnc`znr mc mimotk dm cns ma`s`klms dm d`ÿx`dk dm onrjklk ml cn `lstncno`ÿl, okl cks dntks qum sm kjtmldrîl dm

 

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cks pnlmcms iktkvkctn`oks y su rmld`a`mltk mlmreàt`ok. Onjm smþncnr mstn okrrmspkldm n cn smeuldn mtnpn dmc prkymotk DME.

 

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KJGMT@YK_

KJGMT@YK EMLMZNC

Zmnc`znr   mstud`k y nlîc`s`s okapnrnt`vk mltrm mc prkomsk dm injr`ono`ÿl dm ul  ul   lmuaît`ok lumvk y dm ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk, ounlt`i`onldk cns ma`s`klms dm ensms dm mimotk dm `lvmrlndmrk, pnrn cn rmduoo`ÿl dm bumccn dm onrjklk.

KJGMT@YK M_VMOÁI@OK_

 

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Okapnrnr oklsuaks mlmreàt`oks y okstks moklÿa`oks dm antmr`ns pr`ans dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk y ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk, erni`onldk cks vnckrms kjtml`dks, pnrn dmtmra`lnr cn v`nj`c`dnd moklÿa`on dm mstm t`pk dm prkomsks npc`ondks ml cn `ldustr`n.  

 

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Nlnc`znr cn onlt`dnd dm ma`s`klms ml cn prkduoo`ÿl dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk y ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk, amd`nltm mc aàtkdk dm oîcouck dm ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk (EM@), pnrn mv`dmlo`nr cn onren naj`mltnc dm cn maprmsn dm rmonuobngm @lsnanr Ctdn.  

 

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Dmtmra`lnr cn rmduoo`ÿl dm bumccn dm onrjklk okl `lstncno`ÿl dm pnlmcms iktkvkctn`oks, ounlt`i`onldk sus ma`s`klms dm ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk,  pnrn su okapnrn okapnrno`ÿl o`ÿl okl cns ma`s`klms emlmrndn emlmrndnss pkr cn ut`c`zno`ÿ ut`c`zno`ÿll dm cn rmd mcàotr`on lno`klnc ml maprmsn @lsnanr Ctdn.

 

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ONVÁT]CK >7 NLTMOMDMLT NLTMOMDMLTM_ M_ EMLMZNCM_

 

9

 

5

>.

NLTMOMDMLTM_ EMLMZNCM_

Ms lmomsnr`k dnrcm uln a`rndn nc okltmxtk emlmrnc ml mc qum àstm trnjngk dm tátuck sm mloumltrn `lsmrtk, pnrn mstk sm mstnjcmoml rmcno`klms mltrm cks oklomptks y notkrms qum `ltmrv`mlml ml mc mstud`k, y qum dnrîl uln mstruoturn n cn ikran dm trnjngk, kjgmt`vks y rmsuctndks n oklsmeu`r.

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk

I`eurn >->. Msquman rmcno`klnc mltrm mlt`dndms y tmans n dmsnrrkccnr

Jngk cn prma`sn nltmr`kr, sm bnom rmcmvnltm cn `ltrkduoo`ÿl ml 4 anork tmans qum dnl cáa`tms n cns `dmns n trntnr7 @ldustr`n dmc lmuaît`ok, rmonuobngm, emst`ÿl naj`mltnc y lkrant`vn. Mc anlgk y d`spks`o`ÿl dm cks lmuaît`oks iumrn dm usk (LI]) ms uln ernl  prkjcmaît`on  prkjcm aît`on amd`knaj` amd`knaj`mltnc. mltnc. Cn Oîanrn dm cn @ldustr` @ldustr`nn dmc Lmuaît`ok dm Ob`cm (O@LO), mst`an qum sm emlmrnl nluncamltm, ncrmdmdkr dm 92 a`c tklmcndns dm LI] ml lumstrk pnás, dm mstn onlt`dnd, mc 2=% dm cks LI] t`mlml ul –dmst`lk dmsoklko`dk‑, ck ounc s`el`i`on qum tmra`lnl ml ul vmrtmdmrk `likranc k qumandks nc n`rm c`jrm. Okl cn

 

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Cmy dm Zmspklsnj`c`dnd Mxtmld`dn nc Vrkduotkr, sm juson onaj`nr mstn s`tuno`ÿl yn qum cns maprmsns prkduotkrns dm lmuaît`oks dmjml mlonrenrsm dmc trntna`mltk dm cks LI]. Mx`stml vnr`ks aàtkdks dm trntna`mltk pr`anr`k dm cks LI], okak rmut`c`zno`ÿl s`l trntna`mltk prmv`k, tr`turno`ÿl amoîl`on k trntna`mltks tàra`oks.

Iumltm7 O@LO

I`eurn >-:. Okapks`o`ÿl y mstruoturn dm ul lmuaît`ok t`pk

Cks pkromltngms prmsmltndks ml cn I`eurn > skl `ld`ont`vks y s`rvml pnrn dnrsm uln `dmn dm cn okapcmg`dnd dm ul lmuaît`ok. _me÷l mc t`pk dm vmbáouck, mc lmuaît`ok t`mlm uln mstruoturn d`imrmltm pnrn ouapc`r okl cn iulo`ÿl dmsmndn y cns okld`o`klms dm ut`c`zno`ÿl `apumstns.

>.>.

@LD]_TZ@N DMC LM]AÎT@OK ML OB@CM

Mc amrondk dm lmuaît`oks dm onrrmtmrn ml Ob`cm, sm mloumltrn njnstmo`dk  pr`lo`pncamltm  pr`lo`p ncamltm pkr ountrk anrons qum skl sko`ns dm cn Oîanrn dm cn @ldustr`n @ldustr `n dmc  Lmuaît`ok y ikranl pnrtm dmc Noumrdk dm Vrkduoo` Vrkduoo`ÿl ÿl C`ap`n dm Ynckr`zn Ynckr`zno`ÿl o`ÿl dm  LI], s`mldk àstns Ekkdymnr, V`rmcc`, A`obmc`l, y Jr`demst Jr`demstklm/I`rms klm/I`rmstklm, tklm, cns qum rmprmsmltnl mc 96% dmc amrondk. _kjrm mc 0=% dmc amrondk okrrmspkldm n lmuaît`oks `apkrtndks, s`mldk Ekkdymnr mc ÷l`ok prkduotkr n l`vmc lno`klnc. _m mst`an qum

 

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notuncamltm sm okamro`nc`znl mltrm ? n ?,= a`ccklms dm ul`dndms nc nþk dmst`lndks n vmbáoucks c`v`nlks, vmbáoucks dm trnlspkrtm p÷jc`ok y dm onren, ouyn d`str`juo`ÿl sm aumstrn ml mc erîi`ok s`eu`mltm.

Iumltm7 O@LO

Erîi`ok >->. D`str`juo`ÿl dm usk dm lmuaît`oks ml Ob`cm

Ons` cn tktnc`dnd dm lmuaît`oks okamro`nc`zndks ml mc amrondk lno`klnc sm `lokrpkrnl n trnvàs dm cn `apkrtno`ÿl, pkr ck qum dm anlmrn emlmrnc`zndn lk mx`stm ul  prkomsk prkduo prkduot`vk t`vk ddmc mc rujrk ruj rk ml Ob`cm (n mx mxompo`ÿl ompo`ÿl dm Ekk Ekkdymnr), dymnr), s`lk qum ul prkomsk ckeást`ok qum `lvkcuorn d`vmrsks notkrms okak cns maprmsns `apkrtndkrns, su rmd dm d`str`juo`ÿl, pultks dm vmltn y rmonuobngm, nsá okak cn vnckr`zno`ÿl dm pnrtm dm cks lmuaît`oks iumrn dm usk. Cn v`dn ÷t`c dm cks lmuaît`oks ms vnr`njcm, pums dmpmldm dm cn onc`dnd dmc prkduotk y dm cks h`cÿamtrks rmokrr`dks, mltrm ktrks inotkrms. _`l majnrek, ml tàra`lks prkamd`k sm bn dmtmra`lndk cks s`eu`mltms inotkrms dm rmonaj`k (_`l okls`dmrnr uln prkckleno`ÿl dm cn v`dn ÷t`c pkr rmonuobngm)7

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 Ymbáoucks c`v`nlks7 =6.666 ha k > lmuaît`ok ondn ? n 4 nþks  Ymbáoucks dm onren7 56.666 n 5=.666 ha k : lmuaît`oks/nþk

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 Ymbáoucks dm trnlspkrtm p÷jc`ok7 : lmuaît`oks/nþk

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>6

Dm noumrdk okl cns okld`o`klms dm rmonaj`k `ld`ondns, y nc ormo`a`mltk dmc amrondk, (dmc krdml dm ul 4% nlunc), pumdm mst`anr cn emlmrno`ÿl dm ul`dndms dm

lmuaît`oks iumrn dm usk (LI]) y su tklmcngm, tnc okak sm prmsmltn ml cn tnjcn s`eu`mltm7

Iumltm7 AAN, Mok`le :6>6

I`eurn >-?. Vrkymoo`ÿl dm rmonaj`k y emlmrno`ÿl dm LI] ml Ob`cm

>.:.

ZMON]OBNDK P _]_ VZKOM_K_

Ml tàra`lks s`apcms, mc rmonuobngm dm lmuaît`oks ms uln not`v`dnd `ldustr`nc qum okls`stm ml rmmapcnznr cn jnldn dm rkdna`mltk enstndn pkr uln lumvn, ncnrenldk mc o`ock dm v`dn dmc prkduotk y rmtrnsnldk su okld`o`ÿl okak lmuaît`oks iumrn dm usk. Jngk mstm nspmotk, ms uln rmnc okltr`juo`ÿl n cn d`sa`luo`ÿl dm cn emlmrno`ÿl dm rms`duks dm lmuaît`oks. Cks pr`lo`pncms injr`onltms dm lmuaît`oks dmc auldk okls`dmrnl ml mc dmsnrrkcck dm sus prkduotks, cn kpo`ÿl dmc rmonuobngm, dmj`dk n qum cn onronsn dmc  prkduotk  prkduo tk t`mlm ul pktmlo`nc dm v`dn anykr qum cn ekan dm cn jnldn dm rkdna`ml rkdna`mltk. tk. Mstn okld`o`ÿl ms mspmo`ncamltm vîc`dn pnrn lmuaît`oks dm ona`klms-jusms, `ldustr`ncms, a`lmrks a`lmrks y dm nv`no`ÿl. Ml mc onsk dm cks lmuaît`oks dm vmbáoucks  pmqumþkss (nutks y ona`kl  pmqumþk ona`klmtns), mtns), mc rmonuobngm rmonuobn gm bn d`sa`lu` d`sa`lu`dk dk auld`ncaml auld`ncamltm tm pkr cn kpt`a`zno`ÿl ml cks okstks dm prkduoo`ÿl dm cks lmuaît`oks lumvks, cn ernl onlt`dnd dm amd`dns mx`stmltm ml mc amrondk y cn ancn okld`o`ÿl dm cks lmuaît`oks nc rmt`rnrcks dm smrv`o`k.

 

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Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk

I`eurn >-4. O`ock dm v`dn dm cks lmuaît`oks ml Ob`cm

Okl mc i`l dm pktmlo`nr mstn not`v`dnd, ml d`o`majrm :6>: ium iuldndn cn Nsko`no`ÿl dm Zmonuobndkrms y Zmlkvndkrms dm Ob`cm N.E., NZLMO, qum t`mlm pkr kjgmt`vk mstnldnr`znr m `apucsnr cn `ldustr`n, dmltrk dm ul anrok rmeucndk pmrk okapmt`t`vk. Cks pr`lo`pncms sko`ks dm NZLMO y qum ok`lo`dm okl cns pr`lo`pncms maprmsns dmc amrondk pnrn mstn not`v`dnd skl7  

Zmonuobngms @L_NANZ Ctdn.

 

 LMIMR _.N. _.N .

 

 LM]AN_MZY@O@K  LM]AN_MZ Y@O@K Ctdn Ctdn..

 

Z@K V]MCK _.N.

 

TZ@EE_ _.N.

 

TZ]OH OMLTMZ Ctdn.

 

NN Okamro`nc Zmonuobngms Ctdn.

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@ldustr`n Zmoupmrndkrn dm Lmuaît`oks _.N.O. m @.

 

Zmonuobngms ZMON]ICMR Ctdn.

 

Okamro`nc`zndkrn dm Lmuaît`oks JNOKL Ctdn.

 

Zmonuobngms Irnlo`sok Ccnob _.N.

 

Zmonuobngms JN@CNO TBKZ Ctdn.

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>:

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Y@VNC Ob`cm _.N.

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ANZNLEKL@

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JN@CNO (a`lmrán) _m mst`an qum cn onlt`dnd prkamd`k dm rmonuobndks nc qum sm pumdm skamtmr

ul lmuaît`ok dm vmbáouck pmsndk ms ? vmoms, s`l majnrek, dîldkcm n cks lmuaît`oks cks ou`dndks y cns anltmlo`klms ndmoundns, mstm l÷amrk `locusk pumdm nconlznr cks 5 o`ocks dm v`dn. Mc prkjcman dm mstn tàol`on lk ms auy okls`dmrndn, pumstk qum, ml Ob`cm lk mx`stán bnstn mc nþk :6>9 uln lkran dm rmonuobngm, pkr ck tnltk, cns ancns  prîot`onss dm nceulks prkvmm  prîot`on prkvmmdkrms dkrms dmc amrondk qum rmonuobnl rmonuob nl ouncqu` ouncqu`mr mr lmuaît`o lmuaît`okk dm ouncqu`mr onc`dnd, sm pmrgud`on ernvmamltm mstn not`v`dnd okl ul ernl pktmlo`nc dm dmsnrrkcck. ]ln dm mstns ancns prîot`ons ms cn dmlka`lndn –oko`l`ccn‑, qum okls`stm ml

qum ul rmonuobndkr okaprn n jngk prmo`k ouncqu`mr t`pk dm lmuaît`ok, s`l `apkrtnr s` ms rmonuobnjcm k lk, cm npc`on uln jnldn dm onuobk y ck vmldm okl uln enrnltán. _` mc oc`mltm qum ck okaprn t`mlm nce÷l prkjcman, rmocnan y mc rmonuobndkr sm ck onaj`n,  pumstk qum sm ndqu`r ndqu`r`ÿ `ÿ n jngk okstk, mltrmenld mltrmenldkk ktrk lmuaît`o lmuaît`okk rmonuob rmonuobndk ndk dm `euncms onrnotmrást`ons. Mstn prîot`on bn dmsprmst`e`ndk cn tàol`on dm rmonuobngm qum rmnc`zndn dm anlmrn prkims`klnc pumdm nuamltnr vnr`ns vmoms cn v`dn ÷t`c dm ul lmuaît`ok, s`mldk uln prîot`on iuldnamltnc pnrn d`sa`lu`r cn onlt`dnd dm LI] qum sm emlmrnl nluncamltm. Ml Ob`cm, cn rmcno`ÿl dm vmltn mltrm ul Lmuaît`ok Lumvk (LLu) vmrsus ulk Zmlkvndk (LZm) ms auy `limr`kr n cn dm Zm`lk ]l`dk, Jrns`c y MM. ]]., s`mldk cn rmcno`ÿl tktncamltm `lvmrsn, tnc okak sm nprmo`n ml mc s`eu`mltm oundrk qum bnom rmimrmlo`n n mstndást`ons dmc nþk :6>4.

Iumltm7 NZLMO

I`eurn >-=. Zmcno`ÿl mltrm vmltn y rmonuobndk dm ul lmuaît`ok

 

>?

Cns tnsns dm rmonuobngm ml Ob`cm s`euml su tmldmlo`n n cn jngn, pumstk qum sme÷l dntks mltrmendks pkr NZLMO, cn rmcno`ÿl mltrm ul Lmuaît`ok Lumvk (LLu) y ulk Lmuaît`ok Zmlkvndk k Zmonuobndk (LZm), ium dm >/6,: durnltm mc nþk :6>9. _`l majnrek, ml mc smotkr a`lmrk, dkldm cks lmuaît`oks rmprmsmltnl ul `lsuak dm nctk okstk, cn anykrán dm cns maprmsns t`mlml okltrntks okl sus prkvmmdkrms ml cks qum sm mstnjcmom, aîs qum cn vmltn dm ul lmuaît`ok, uln onlt`dnd dm h`cÿamtrks rmokrr`dks, dndk qum cks prkvmmdkrms skl cks qum sm mlonrenl dm anltmlmrcks ml rumdk amd`nltm ul juml rmmlonuobm k rmonuobngm. Cns pr`lo`pncms okapnþáns a`lmrns dm Ob`cm skamtml n rmonuobngm sus lmuaît`oks, s`mldk JN@CNO uln maprmsn p`klmrn y mspmo`nc`stn ml cn a`lmrán, mspmo`ncamltm dm lmuaît`oks e`enltms (nrks =5‑ y 9?‑).  

>.?.

EM_T@ßL NAJ@MLTNC P B]MCCN DM ONZJKLK

Ck pr`amrk qum bny qum mltmldmr ms qum cks ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk dm kr`eml lnturnc skl lmomsnr`ks ml cn ntaÿsimrn, uln oklomltrno`ÿl ndmoundn pmra`tm qum cn tmapmrnturn y cns okld`o`klms smnl ÿpt`ans pnrn cn v`dn ml cn T`mrrn. Mc tàra`lk –mimotk `lvmrlndmrk‑ , sm rmi`mrm n cn rmtmlo`ÿl dmc onckr dmc _kc ml

cn ntaÿsimrn dm cn T`mrrn, dmj`dk n mstn onpn dm ensms qum pmra`tm cn `lo`dmlo`n dm cks rnyks skcnrms, mstks ensms dmgnl pnsnr cn cuz y anlt`mlml mc onckr okak cns pnrmdms dm or`stnc dm ul `lvmrlndmrk. _`l mccks, cn v`dn tnc okak cn oklkomaks lk smrán pks`jcm, mc  pcnlmtn smrán ddmans`ndk mans`ndk irák. _m ccnan onaj`k oc`aît`ok n cn vnr`no`ÿl eckjnc dmc oc`an dm cn T`mrrn y sm  prkduom skjrm tkdks cks pnrîamtr pnrîamtrks7 ks7 tmapmrntu tmapmrnturn, rn, prmo`p`t prmo`p`tno`klms no`klms,, lujks`d lujks`dnd, nd, mto., tml`mldk uln rmcno`ÿl d`rmotn okl cn bumccn dm onrjklk, ms dmo`r, cns ma`s`klms ml ikran dm ensms qum prkduoml cns not`v`dndms dmc smr buanlk. Mc auldk `ldustr`nc`zndk bn pnrt`o`pndk ml mc nuamltk dm cn oklomltrno`ÿl dm mstks ensms mlonrendks dm rmtmlmr onckr, mltkrlk nc ?6% dmsdm mc s`eck pnsndk, ounldk, s`l cn notuno`ÿl buanln, cn lnturncmzn sm mlonrenjn dm mqu`c`jrnr cns ma`s`klms.

 

>4

Iumltm7 Onrjkl Anstmr

I`eurn >-9. Ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk (EM@)

Vkr ck nltmr`kr ms qum mc Vrktkokck dm H`ktk skjrm mc onaj`k oc`aît`ok, ms ul noumrdk `ltmrlno`klnc qum t`mlm pkr kjgmt`vk rmduo`r cns ma`s`klms dm ensms  prkvkondkrms  prkvko ndkrms dmc oncm oncmltna`mltk ltna`mltk eckjnc. M Mstm stm `lstruamltk `lst ruamltk sm mlou mloumltrn mltrn dm dmltrk ltrk dm dmcc anrok dm cn Oklvmlo`ÿl Anrok dm cns Lno`klms ]l`dns skjrm mc Onaj`k Oc`aît`ok (OAL]OO), susor`tn ml >00:, dmltrk dm ck qum sm oklko`ÿ okak cn Ouajrm dm cn T`mrrn dm Zák dm Gnlm`rk, y ms ulk dm cks `lstruamltks gurád`oks `ltmrlno`klncms aîs `apkrtnltms dmst`lndk n cuobnr okltrn mc onaj`k oc`aît`ok. Oklt`mlm cks okaprka`sks nsua`dks pkr cks pnásms `ldustr`nc`zndks dm rmduo`r sus ma`s`klms dm nceulks ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk, rmspklsnjcms dmc oncmltna`mltk eckjnc. Mc Vrktkokck dm H`ktk sm npc`on n cns ma`s`klms dm sm`s ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk7 

 

D`ÿx`dk dm onrjklk (OK:).



 

Amtnlk (OB4).



 

ßx`dk l`trksk (L:K).



 

B`drkicukrkonrjklks (BIO).



 

Vmricukrkonrjklks (VIO).

 

Bmxnicukrurk dm nzuirm (_I9).



 

>=

Eckjncamltm sm bn nomptndk mc usk dmc OK:m pnrn rmimr`rsm n cns ma`s`klms oklgultns dm cks d`st`ltks EM@, dkldm sm tkan mc tktnc dm ma`s`klms dm ondn ulk dm mstks y sm auct`pc`on pkr su VOE. Tnc okak sm mxpc`oÿ, mc notunc onaj`k oc`aît`ok t`mlm uln tmldmlo`n bno`n mc oncmltna`mltk eckjnc, prkduo`dk pkr mc nuamltk nltrkpkeàl`ok dm cks EM@.

Notuncamltm ons` tkdns cns not`v`dndms rmnc`zndns pkr cn buanl`dnd, dmsdm trnlspkrtnrsm bnstn nc`amltnrsm, `locuymldk cn anluinoturno`ÿl dm cks j`mlms qum sm  pksmml, `apc`onl ul okl oklsuak suak mlmreàt`o mlmreàt`ok, k, s`m s`mldk ldk ms mstm tm okls oklsuak uak ul ulnn ikra ikrann dm okltr`j okltr`ju`r u`r n cns ma`s`klms dm EM@ n cn ntaÿsimrn. Ms jngk mstî rmnc`dnd qum lnom cn Bumccn dm Onrjklk, yn qum rmprmsmltn uln amd`dn qum okltr`juym n qum cns krenl`zno`klms amgkrml su rmspklsnj`c`dnd sko`nc, nyudnldk, n su vmz, n oklo`mlt`znr n cn o`udndnlán dm oÿak akd`i`onr cns okstuajrms notuncms, pkr ktrns aîs skstml`jcms.

Iumltm7 OMVNC

I`eurn >-5. Iumltms dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@

Cn Bumccn dm Onrjklk ms uln amtkdkckeán okl cn qum sm prmtmldm ounlt`i`onr cns ma`s`klms dm EM@, amd`dns ml ma`s`klms dm OK:m, qum skl c`jmrndns n cn ntaÿsimrn ml cns not`v`dndms okt`d`nlns dm uln maprmsn, pmrskln k `lst`tuo`ÿl. Vnrn mstm nlîc`s`s sm rmnc`zn ul mstud`k qum njnron tkdk mc o`ock dm v`dn, pmra`t`mldk qum cks oklsua`dkrms pumdnl dmo`d`r ouîc prkduotk ms aîs na`enjcm okl mc amd`k naj`mltm, y  pkr mldm okak smr mccks a`saks aîs sustmltn sustmltnjcms jcms sme÷l cks prkduo prkduotks tks y smrv `o`ks qum ndqu`mrnl.

 

>9

Cn Bumccn dm Onrjklk sm jnsn pr`lo`pncamltm ml mc oîcouck dmc `lvmltnr`k dm EM@, mc qum, nc `eunc qum ul `lvmltnr`k oka÷l y okrr`mltm, lks aumstrn ounltks EM@ ma`tml y onpturnl dmsdm cn ntaÿsimrn uln pmrskln, prkduotk, maprmsn, smrv`o`k, `lst`tuo`ÿl, mto. Dmtmra`lîldksm mc sncdk i`lnc, ouyk vnckr ms cn Bumccn dm Onrjklk, y qum  pmra`tm pklmr uln jnsm pnrn rmnc`zn rmnc`znrr uln emst`ÿl amd`knaj` amd`knaj`mltnc mltnc amd`jcm y okapnrnjcm okl cn bumccn dm onrjklk dm ktrns mlt`dndms, prkduotks, pmrsklns, pmrsklns, mto.

>.4.

LKZANT@YN_

DM

ONC@DND

N

L@YMC

LNO@KLNC

M

@LTMZLNO@KLNC

Vnrn cks `ltmrmsms dm cn prmsmltm amakr`n dm tátuck, sm ut`c`zn ul erupk dmtmra`lndk dm lkrans qum noktml mc nconlom dmc mstud`k. Dmltrk dm cn lkrant`vn dm onc`dnd nsko`ndn n cks lmuaît`oks n l`vmc lno`klnc, sm mloumltrnl cns s`eu`mltms  Lkrans Ob`cmlns Ob`cmlns,, jnsndn jnsndnss ml Lk Lkrans rans `ltmrlno`kl `lt mrlno`klncms7 ncms7

>.4.>.

LOb >09?.Ki>029  Lmuaît`okss rmonuob  Lmuaît`ok rmonuobndks ndks pnrn nutkaÿv`cms nutkaÿv`cm s dm pnsngmrk pnsngmrkss  ‟  Zmqu`s`tks,   Zmqu`s`tks, Lkran

dmocnrndn ki`o`nc pkr mc Dmormtk L¶ 5 dmc >9 dm mlmrk dm >029, dmc A`l`stmr`k dm Trnlspkrtms y Tmcmokaul`ono`klms. (Mltrmen rmqu`s`tks pnrn mc lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk,  pcnltns dm rmonu rmonuobngm7 obngm7 kp kpmrno`ÿl mrno`ÿl,, mqu`p mqu`pna`mltk na`mltk y pprkomsk rkomsk). ). >.4.:.

LOb??547:6>= Cmy Anrok pnrn cn emst`ÿl dm rms`duks, rmspklsnj`c`dnd mxtmld`dn dmc

 prkduotkr  prkduo tkr (ZMV) y ikamlt ikamltkk dmc rmo`ocngm rmo`ocngm,, `apkrtnlo` `apkrtnlo`nn dm cn mstnldnr mstnldnr`zno`ÿl `zno`ÿl dm cn `ldustr`n dmc rmonuobngm ml Ob`cm, pnrn amgkrnr cn okapmt`t`v`dnd, onc`dnd y prkomsk dmc  prkduotk.  prkduo tk.

 

>5

>.=.

AMTKDKCKEÁN_ P OMZT@I@ONO@KLM_

Notuncamltm cn bumccn dm onrjklk ms uln vmltngn okapmt`t`vn yn qum nceulks  pnásms, okak Irnlo`n, mstîl mx`e`mldk cn rktucno`ÿ rktucno`ÿll dm EM@ ma`t`dks nc injr`on injr`onrr ouncqu`mr prkduotk vmld`dk ml cns maprmsns dm rmtn`c. Mx`stml a÷ct`pcms maprmsns, tnltk n l`vmc lno`klnc okak `ltmrlno`klnc, qum rmnc`znl cn omrt`i`ono`ÿl dm cn Bumccn dm Onrjklk, nulqum tkdns cns maprmsns dm nud`tkr`n y omrt`i`ono`ÿl jnsnl su iulo`klna`mltk ml nceulks mstîldnrms `ltmrlno`klncms, cks ouncms mstîl oklstnltmamltm amgkrnldk. N oklt`luno`ÿl, sm prmsmltnl cks pr`lo`pncms mstîldnrms ut`c`zndks pnrn dmi`l`r cn amtkdkckeán dm amd`o`ÿl.

>.=.>.

VN_ :6=6 Mc Vujc`ocy Nvn`cnjcm _pmo`i`ont`kl (VN_) ms dmi`l`dk pkr mc Erupk J_@ okak

ul pnsk ml mc prkomsk dm mstnldnr`zno`ÿl, s`mldk mc Erupk J_@ uln krenl`zno`ÿl dmd`ondn n prkvmmr mc smrv`o`k maprmsnr`nc dm jnsms y mstîldnrms n aîs dm >=6 pnásms,  prmsmltîldksm  prmsmlt îldksm n sá a`san okak uln maprmsn `ldmpml `ldmpmld`mltm, d`mltm, pr`vndn y qum lk d`str`juym jmlmi`o`ks, cn qum nyudn n amgkrnr cn onc`dnd y mc dmsmapmþk, rmduo`r cks r`mseks, anlmgnr y prktmemr cn rmputno`ÿl, y nyudnr n qum cns maprmsns smnl aîs sustmltnjcms. Dmltrk dm cns d`st`ltns lkrant`vns VN_, mstî cn VN_ :6=6, cn qum ms mlonrendn dm mspmo`i`onr cks rmqumr`a`mltks pnrn oncoucnr mc o`ock dm v`dn dm cks EM@ dm j`mlms y smrv`o`ks. Mc VN_ :6=6 mstî jnsndk ml cns tàol`ons y pr`lo`p`ks ocnvms pnrn cn mvncuno`ÿl dmc o`ock dm v`dn, lk `locuymldk uln cálmn pnrn uln ontmekrán-prkduotk mspmoái`ok, mstk pkrqum juson smr ul smrv`o`k trnlsvmrsnc qum pmra`tn cn okapnrno`ÿl dm ma`s`klms dm Ensms dm Mimotk @lvmrlndmrk, mltrm prkduotks y mstnjcmomr cn amtkdkckeán dm `likrano`ÿl dmc `lvmltnr`k dm EM@, nulqum lk ms ul rmqu`s`tk

mspmo`i`ok mc okaul`onr cks rmsuctndks. >.=.:.

@_K Cn Krenl`zno`ÿl @ltmrlno`klnc pnrn cn Mstnldnr`zno`ÿl (@_K pkr sus s`ecns ml

`lecàs), dmltrk dm cns d`st`ltns inomtns qum ut`c`zn pnrn njkrdnr cns lmoms`dndms dm cns d`st`ltns mlt`dndms qum pksmml `ltmrmsms ml mc îrmn, cks lmeko`ks, `ldustr`ns, mlt`dndms

 

>2

eujmrlnamltncms y krenl`zno`klms lk eujmrlnamltncms8 dmo`dm `ltrkduo`r cn ina`c`n dm cns lkrant`vns @_K >4666, amd`nltm cn ounc sm rmnc`zn uln mstnldnr`zno`ÿl pnrn mc anlmgk amd`knaj`mltnc. Dmltrk dm mstn ina`c`n lkrant`vn sm dmstnonl cns s`eu`mltms lkrans, nceulns dm mccns iuturns, pnrn mc anlmgk dm `lvmltnr`ks dm EM@ y amd`o`ÿl dm cn Bumccn dm Onrjklk >.=.?.

@_K >4646 - @_K >4644 Àstns lkrans dmsor`jml cks pr`lo`p`ks y mc anrok dm rmimrmlo`n dmc nlîc`s`s dm

o`ock dm v`dn (NOY) mltrm cks qum sm mloumltrnl7 cn dmi`l`o`ÿl dmc kjgmt`vk y mc nconlom, mc nlîc`s`s dmc `lvmltnr`k dmc o`ock dm v`dn (@OY), cn insm dm mvncuno`ÿl dmc `apnotk dmc o`ock dm v`dn, mc `likram y cn rmv`s`ÿl orát`on, c`a`tno`klms y cn rmcno`ÿl mltrm cns insms dmc NOY. >.=.4.

@_K >4694 Mstn mstnldnr`zno`ÿl mstî d`v`d`dn ml trms pnrtms, cns qum jusonl ml su

tktnc`dnd tmlmr uln anlmrn dm vmr`i`onr y okltnj`c`znr cns ma`s`klms dm EM@. Mstk sm ckern erno`ns n qum cn mstnldnr`zno`ÿl prkvmm rmqumr`a`mltks ocnrks y vmr`i`onjcms qum nyudnl n cks krenl`zndkrms y dmimlskrms dm cks prkymotks dm rmduoo`ÿl dm EM@. Mstn mstnldnr`zno`ÿl sm ormn mc nþk :669, ounldk cn @_K ndkptn mc mstîldnr okrpkrnt`vk ormndk pkr EBE Vrktkokc.

>.=.=.

@_K >4695 Vrkvmmrî cks rmqumr`a`mltks pnrn cn ounlt`i`ono`ÿl y okaul`ono`ÿl dm cks EM@

nsko`ndks n ul prkduotk, ormnldk nsá cn Bumccn dm Onrjklk dmc prkduotk. Mstn lkrant`vn sm d`v`d`rî ml dks pnrtms, dkldm cn pr`amrn akstrnrî okak ounlt`i`onr cn Bumccn dm Onrjklk y cn smeuldn pnrtm nrakl`znrî cns amtkdkckeáns pnrn okaul`onr cn `likrano`ÿl dm cn bumccn dm onrjklk, prkvmymldk tnaj`àl uln euán pnrn su okaul`ono`ÿl. >.=.9.

Aàtkdk dmc GNTAN Aàtkdk ut`c`zndk ml cn amakr`n dm tátuck, okl mc ounc sm rmnc`znl cns

mvncuno`klms dmc EM@ ounlt`i`ondk pkr @lsnanr ml sus prkomsks. Mstm aàtkdk mstî

 

>0

 jnsndk ml mc EBE Vrktkokc, Vrktkok c, dmj`dk n qum ms napc`naml napc`namltm tm nomptndk ml mc auldk maprmsnr`nc, eujmrlnamltnc y dm KLE‐s.   >.=.5.

EBE Vrktkokc Mc EBE Vrktkokc ms cn bmrrna`mltn dm ounlt`i`ono`ÿl dmc @lvmltnr`k dm EM@

aîs ut`c`zndn pkr ekj`mrlks y maprmsns pnrn mltmldmr, ounlt`i`onr y anlmgnr cns ma`s`klms. Mstm prktkokck ms prkduotk dmc trnjngk dm uln dàondn dm Ukrcd Zmskurom @lst`tutm (UZ@) y mc Ukrcd Jus`lmss Okulo`c ikr _ustmn`lnjcm Dmvmckpamlt (UJO_D). Mc prktkokck trnjngn okl maprmsns, ekj`mrlks m `locusk okl erupks naj`mltnc`stns n ck cnrek dmc auldk, oklstruymldk nsá prkernans mimot`vks y ormájcms pnrn ntnonr nc onaj`k oc`aît`ok. Cn okapnþán pnrn su `lvmltnr`k dm EM@ okls`dmrn cns not`v`dndms mspmo`i`ondns dmltrk dm cks nconloms @, @@ y @@@, s`mldk mstks7

>.=.5.>. Ma`s`klms D`rmotns (N (Nconlom conlom @) _kl nqumccns ma`s`klms dm EM@ prkduo`dns pkr not`v`dndms okltrkcndns d`rmotnamltm pkr cn nda`l`strno`ÿl dm cn okapnþán, okls`dmrîldksm jîs`onamltm cn quman dm okajust`jcms iÿs`cms pkr pnrtm dm mqu`pks dm cn okapnþán, cn iuen dm ensms dm mqu`pks dm rmir`emrno`ÿl y oc`ant`zno`ÿl, y n cns ma`s`klms iue` t`vns. >.=.5.:. Ma`s`klms @ld`rmotns (Nconlom @@) _kl nqumccns emlmrndns pkr cn ndqu`s`o`ÿl dm mlmreán (vnpkr, onckr k mcmotr`o`dnd) iumrn dm cn nda`l`strno`ÿl dm cn okapnþán. >.=.5.?. Ktrns Ma`s` Ma`s`klms klms @ld`rmotn @ld`rmotnss (Nconlom @@@@) @@) Dmltrk dm mstn ontmekrán sm `locuyml cns ma`s`klms dm tmromrks, s`maprm qum mstns ma`s`klms sm dmjnl n lmoms`dndms k not`v`dndms dm cn okapnþán. Mstns ma`s`klms skl prkduo`dns pkr maprmsns qum prmstnl smrv`o`ks n cn okapnþán, cns ma`s`klms dm cks `lsuaks mstrntàe`oks dm cn okapnþán y cns ma`s`klms qum smnl mc rmsuctndk dmnot`v`dndms dm cn maprmsn `ldmpmld`mltm dm cks noumrdks okltrnotuncms qum àstn anltmlen.

 

:6

Mc MOOZ okls`dmrn n cns ma`s`klms dm nconlom @@@ okak ul kpo`klnc, dnldk cn c`jmrtnd dm qum ondn maprmsn dmo`dn qum ontmekráns sm okls`dmrnl pnrn mstm nconlom. Vkr mstk ms pkr ck qum nc rmnc`znr uln okapnrno`ÿl dm cks rmsuctndks dm d`st`ltns maprmsns dm ul a`sak rujrk lk sm okls`dmrnl cns ma`s`klms dm mstm nconlom. >.=.5.4. Cmy dm rmo`ocngm k cmy ZMV CMP :6.0:6 qum mstnjcmom mc Anrok pnrn cn Emst`ÿl dm Zms`duks, cn Zmspklsnj`c`dnd Mxtmld`dn dmc Vrkduotkr y Ikamltk nc Zmo`ocngm, t`mlm pkr kjgmt`vk

d`sa`lu`r cn emlmrno`ÿl dm rms`duks y ikamltnr su rmut`c`zno`ÿl, rmo`ocngm k vnckrno`ÿl. _u i`l ms prktmemr cn v`dn dm cns pmrsklns y mc amd`k naj`mltm. Cn Cmy dm Zmo`ocngm prkaumvm ul s`stman dkldm cks prkduotks y sus rms`duks uln vmz oklocu`dn su v`dn ÷t`c-, pnsnl n smr ul rmoursk dm vnckr, yn smn pkrqum sm rmut`c`znl k j`ml, sm `lokrpkrnl lumvnamltm n cn ondmln dm prkduoo`ÿl, okak antmr`ns  pr`ans k mlmreá mlmreán. n. Cn cmy `dmlt`i`on d`vmrsks notkrms y rkcms y mstnjcmom uln smr`m dm `lstruamltks. ]lk dm cks pr`lo`pncms ms cn Zmspklsnj`c`dnd Mxtmld`dn dmc Vrkduotkr (ZMV), qum kjc`en n cks prkduotkrms n bnomrsm onrek dm cn rmoupmrno`ÿl dm cks rms`duks qum pklml ml mc amrondk. >.=.5.=. CON (c (c`im `im oyocm nssmssamlt) Ms ul aàtkdk ut`c`zndk pnrn oncoucnr, nlnc`znr y mvncunr ounlt`tnt`vnamltm mc `apnotk skjrm mc amd`k naj`mltm n ck cnrek dm tkdk mc o`ock dm v`dn dmsdm cn ndqu`s`o`ÿl dm cns antmr`ns pr`ans pnrn mc prkduotk k smrv`o`k okamro`nc bnstn mc dmsonrtm y mc rmo`ocngm. Okl COOK:, cks ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk ma`t`dks n ck cnrek dm tkdk mc o`ock dm v`dn sm oklv`mrtml ml OK: pnrn su oîcouck. Nc v`sunc`znr cns onlt`dndms dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@, cks prkvmmdkrms trntnrîl dm rmduo`r cns ma`s`klms okkpmrnldk okl ktrns maprmsns qum okapklml su ondmln dm sua`l`strk y, n cn `lvmrsn, cks oklsua`dkrms trnlsikranrîl sus prkp`ks bîj`tks dm oklsuak ml ulk qum oklsuan onlt`dndms amlkrms dm onrjklk, ut`c`znldk `likrano`ÿl qum smn s mn prmv`stk.

 

:>

ONVÁT]CK :7 @LIKZANO@ßL MAVZM_N P VZKOM_K VZKD]OT@YK DM @L_NANZ CTDN

 

::

 

:?

:.:.

@LIKZANO@ßL MAVZM_N

P

VZKOM_K

VZKD]OT@YK DM

@L_NANZ CTDN

:.>.

NLTMOMDMLTM_ MAVZM_N @L_NANZ CTDN

@lsnanr Ctdn. ms uln maprmsn ob`cmln dmd`ondn nc rujrk dm rmonuobndk dm lmuaît`oks, nc dmsnrrkcck dm lmuaît`oks sÿc`dks y anltml`a`mltk n vmbáoucks dmltrk dm sus smrv`o`ks. Cn maprmsn oumltn okl uln vnstn mxpmr`mlo`n ml mc rujrk dm rmonuobndk,  pkr ck ounc, sm bn ndgud`ondk ndgud`on dk vnr`ks rmoklko`a`mltks, rmoklko `a`mltks, ndmaîs dm cns omrt`i`on omrt`i`ono`klms o`klms @_K 066> / >466> y K_BN_ >2.66>, ocns`i`ondn `ltmrlno`klncamltm okak uln maprmsn Ekcd _tnldnrd. Ml cn notunc`dnd su okjmrturn sm mxt`mldm dmsdm Obnþnrnc bnstn Tmauok, dkldm kirmoml uln ernl enan dm prkduotks qum lk sÿck sm c`a`tnl n snt`sinomr cns lmoms`dndms dmc Zmonuobngm dm lmuaît`oks dm cns maprmsns dm trnlspkrtms, s`lk qum tnaj`àl kirmoml ktrks prkduotks qum okapcmamltnl lumstrn kimrtn, okak ck skl cks lmuaît`oks lumvks dm nutk y dm ona`ÿl, prkduotks pnrn cn vuconl`zno`ÿl, `lsuaks pnrn mc Zmonuobngm, skitwnrm dm smeu`a`mltks dm icktns, jntmráns, cujr`onltms, mltrm ktrks, trnlsikraîldksm ml uln maprmsn qum mltrmen skcuo`klms `ltmerncms n tkdks sus oc`mltms. @lsnanr, ml uln oklstnltm j÷squmdn dm cn amgkr rmcno`ÿl okstk jmlmi`o`k pnrn sus oc`mltms, oumltn okl uln napc`n enan dm prkduotks Y`pnc, >66% enrnlt`zndks, dmst`lndks n cn rmikran y rmpnrno`ÿl dm lmuaît`oks.  



Jnldn7 Jnldn prmourndn Zuz` okl aîs dm 96 d`smþks, ms rmimrmlo`n mltrm rmikrandkrms y trnlspkrt`stns pkr sus skcuo`klms prîot`ons y moklÿa`ons,

ndmaîs dm smr rmoklko`dn pkr su oklstnltm dmsnrrkcck tmolkcÿe`ok y pkr cn onc`dnd dm ondn ulk dm sus prkduotks. Ondn ulk dm sus akdmcks skl dm iîo`c npc`ono`ÿl y mspmoái`oks pnrn mc usk ml rmikrans okl mc s`stman dm nutkocnvm, kirmo`mldk pmrimotk ngustm y ndbmrmlo`n n cn onronsn.  



Okgál, okrdÿl y nlt`qu`mjrm7 Vrkduotks dmst`lndks nc rmccmlk dm dnþks, tmra`lno`klms y i`gno`ÿl dm cn okjmrturn okl cn onronsn dmc lmuaît`ok, d`spkl`jcms ml cns aîs d`vmrsns ikrans dm prmsmltno`ÿl pnrn cn amgkr  prkduot`v`dnd  prkduot `v`dnd ddmm cks rm rmikrandkr ikrandkrms. ms.

 

:4



 

Vnrobms7 Okapcmtn cálmn pnrn rmpnrks dm oîanrns dm n`rm y tkdks cks t`pks dm lmuaît`oks oklvmlo`klncms y rnd`ncms, okl y s`l oîanrn, dmc pnsmk nc tmrrnpcàl.



 

Omamltk7 Napc`n enan dm prkduotks dmst`lndks n cn npc`ono`ÿl dm rmpnrks ml irák y ml onc`mltm dm lmuaît`oks. Ondn ulk dm mccks nuamltn mc rmld`a`mltk dm su onronsn s`l pàrd`dn dm dmsmapmþk.

:.:.

DNTK_ MAVZM_N

Zmprmsmltnltm cmenc > 7 Dnrák Nldrmnl` Eklzîcmz Zmprmsmltnltm cmenc : 7 Dmss`k Nldrmnl` Eklzîcmz Z]T

7 2:.:>=.966-:

D`rmoo`ÿl

7 Nvdn. Tupulentk #?=26, Ournuan Vcno`ccn, Yncpnrnásk. Ob`cm.

_`t`k Umj

7 bttp7//www bttp7//www.`lsnanr.oc/ .`lsnanr.oc/

Iumltm7 Ekkecm Anps

I`eurn :->. ]j`ono`ÿl Emkerîi`on dm Maprmsn @lsnanr Ctdn

:.?.

DM_OZ@VO@ßL DMC VZKOM_K DMC ZMON]OBNDK

Dmltrk dm cks smrv`o`ks prkpkro`klndks pkr @lsnanr Ctdn., mc mstud`k sm mlikonrî sÿck ml ul prkomsk7 mc rmonuobndk dm lmuaît`oks. Emlmrncamltm ml cn maprmsn sm rmonuobnl sÿck lmuaît`oks dm vmbáoucks dm onren pmsndn, okak ck skl cks

 

:=

lmuaît`oks dm jusms, a`ork jusms y ona`klms, amlo`klnr qum cn maprmsn lk nomptn lmuaît`oks dm vmbáoucks dm onren c`v`nln. N oklt`luno`ÿl, sm prmsmltn ul d`nernan dm icugk dm cn cálmn dm prkduoo`ÿl. Ymr d`nernan :->.

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk

D`nernan :->. Msquman prkomsk dmc rmonuobndk

 

:9

:.4.

CÁLMN DM VZKD]OO@ßL DM ZMON]OBNDK ZMON]OBNDK

]ln vmz qum mc lmuaît`ok `lermsn n cns `lstncno`klms y ms rmo`j`dk pkr  pmrsklnc  pmrskl nc dm @lsnanr Ctdn., sm tkanl cks nltmomdm nltmomdmltms ltms y ms ncanomlnd ncanomlndkk ml jkdmen n cn

mspmrn dm smr prkomsndk. Vnrn dnr `l`o`k nc prkomsk sm ut`c`zn uln tnrgmtn dm `dmlt`i`ono`ÿl dmc lmuaît`ok, cn ounc vmr`i`on cns mtnpns n cns qum sm skamtm y okltrkcn cks t`pks dm inccns qum sm dmjml okls`dmrnr ml mc prkomsk, mstn tnrgmtn dm `dmlt`i`ono`ÿl  pksmm ul oÿd`ek dm jnrrns qum sm `lermsn n cn pcntnikr pcntnikran an y tr trnjngn njngn ml oklgult oklgultkk ookl kl ul skitwnrm dm akl`tkrmk y okltrkc, ccnandk Jud`l`. Mstm prkernan nyudn nc mlonrendk n vmr`i`onr mc mstndk dmc lmuaît`ok ml cn cálmn dm prkduoo`ÿl, pnrn nsá dmtmotnr inccns y nprkjnr cn snc`dn okrrmotn ml ondn mtnpn dmc rmonuobndk, jnsndk ml cks or`tmr`ks mstnjcmo`dks pkr cn maprmsn @lsnanr ml ondn uln dm cns mtnpns. Cns mtnpns dm rmonuobndk ml cn cálmn dm prkduoo`ÿl skl cns s`eu`mltms7 `lspmoo`ÿl `l`o`nc, puc`dk, rnspndk, rmpnrno`ÿl y omamltno`ÿl, prmpnrno`ÿl dm cn jnldn dm rkdna`mltk, npc`ono`ÿl dm cn jnldn dm rkdndurn, vuconl`zndk m `lspmoo`ÿl i`lnc. N oklt`luno`ÿl, sm dmsor`jml y nlnc`znl ondn uln dm mccns.

:.4.>.

Vr`amrn mtnpn7 @lspmoo`ÿl `l`o`nc Mc lmuaît`ok ms okckondk ml uln aîqu`ln qum `lspmoo`kln cn ourvnturn y

 gumek rnd`nc, dkldm mc mlonrendk rmnc`z rmnc`znn `lspmoo`ÿ `lspmoo`ÿll v`sunc y tîot`c, vmr`i`onldk vmr`i`on ldk nceuln nlkancán ml mc lmuaît`ok. Vnrn smr nprkjndk, mc lmuaît`ok lk pumdm tmlmr ncnajrms kx`dndks ml cn zkln dmc tncÿl, mstnr okltna`lndk pkr nom`tm, tmlmr `apnotks ml mc onsok, onsok ,  prmsmltnr  prmsml tnr int`en dmc antmr`nc, k tmlmr ul dmsenst dmsenstmm anykr n cks m stnjcmo` stnjcmo`dks dks pnrn smr rmonuobndk. Ml onsk dm qum sm dmtmotm nceulk k vnr`ks dm mstks or`tmr`ks, mc lmuaît`ok smrî dmvumctk n dmpÿs`tk y lk pkdrî smr rmonuobndk. _`l majnrek, s` mc lmuaît`ok ouapcm okl cks rmqu`s`tks dm cn pr`amrn mtnpn dm `lspmoo`ÿl, ms nprkjndk y pnsn n cn s`eu`mltm mtnpn. Ymr i`eurn :-:.

 

:5

Iumltm7 @lsnanr Ctdn

I`eurn :-:. Iktkernián mqu`pk dm `lspmoo`ÿl `l`o`nc ` l`o`nc

:.4.:.

_meuldn mtnpn7 Vuc`dk Ml mstn insm, mc lmuaît`ok ms okckondk skjrm ul mgm, qum nc e`rnr ms rnspndk

 pkr cn aîqu`ln dm puc`dk amd`nltm ulns ouob`ccns dm dmsenst dmsenstm, m, mc lmuaît`o lmuaît`okk sm dmsenstn bnstn qum kjtmlen cn amd`dn dm mspmskr mstnjcmo`dn pnrn mc rmonuobndk. _` mc trnjngndkr kjsmrvn qum mc lmuaît`ok t`mlm dnþks okls`dmrnjcms dmspuàs dmc puc`dk, mstm smrî rmt`rndk dm cn cálmn y ccmvndk n dmpÿs`tk. Ounldk mc lmuaît`ok ouapcm okl cks or`tmr`ks mstnjcmo`dks, mstî c`stk pnrn pnsnr n cn s`eu`mltm mtnpn. m tnpn. Ymr i`eurn :-?.

Iumltm7 @lsnanr Ctdn

I`eurn :-?. Mqu`pk dm puc`dk

 

:2

:.4.?.

Tmromrn mtnpn7 Znspn Znspndk dk Nltms dm okamlznr okl mc prkomsk dm rnspndk, mc trnjngndkr n onrek dmjm

`dmlt`i`onr s` mc lmuaît`ok ms oklvmlo`klnc k rnd`nc, pums cns bmrrna`mltns n ut`c`znr vnránl dmpmld`mldk dmc t`pk. Mc mlonrendk oka`mlzn n rmnc`znr mc prkomsk dm c`ap`mzn mspmoái`onamltm pnrn `dmlt`i`onr dnþks, cumek sm prkomdm n puc`r cn supmri`o`m pnrn dmsenstnr cn zkln nimotndn, pnrn pkstmr`kramltm anronr okl uln rmimrmlo`n cn zkln dnþndn, pumstk qum, ml cn s`eu`mltm mtnpn dm rmpnrnr, sm dmjml mcme`r cks pnrobms nprkp`ndks pnrn oujr`r mc dnþk. _` mc lmuaît`ok lmoms`tn aîs dm 4 pnrobms, t`mlm neugmrks k t`mlm rmpnrno`klms qum mxomdml ul omltáamtrk, dmjm smr rmobnzndk y d`r`e`rsm nc îrmn dm dmpÿs`tk. Ymr i`e. :-4.

Iumltm7 @lsnanr Ctdn

I`eurn :-4. Mqu`pk dm rnspndk

:.4.4.

Ounrtn mtnpn7 Zmpnrno`ÿl

Mc mlonrendk dm mstn mtnpn t`mlm qum `dmlt`i`onr cks dnþks anrondks ml cn mtnpn nltmr`kr, pnrn nsá okamlznr mc prkomsk dm rmpnrno`ÿl, pnrn mstk sm dmjm vmr`i`onr cn amd`dn dmc pnrobm n usnr y vmr mc stkoh dm pnrobms pnrn oujr`r cn zkln dnþndn. _` cn amd`dn dmc dnþk lk npnrmom ml cn c`stn, mc lmuaît`ok dmjm smr rmobnzndk y mlv`ndk nc îrmn dm dmpÿs`tk. Okl mc pnrobm yn mcme`dk, mc lmuaît`ok sm okckon ml cn amsn dm trnjngk dkldm mc mlonrendk prkomdm n c`ap`nr cn zkln. Ounldk mc îrmn dm dnþks dmc lmuaît`ok mstî c`stn, sm okckon omamltk vuconl`zndk qum sm dmjm smonr durnltm >6 a`lutks nltms dm okckonr mc pnrobm skjrm àc. ]ln vmz qum sm okapcmtn mc smondk dmc

 

:0

îrmn omamltndn, sm prkomdm n okckonr mc pnrobm ml mc lmuaît`ok, nsá dnldk pkr i`lnc`zndn cn mtnpn dm rmpnrno`ÿl. Ymr i`e. :-=.

Iumltm7 @lsnanr Ctdn

I`eurn :-=. Mqu`pk dm rmpnrnr lmuaît`ok

:.4.=.

^u`ltn mtnpn7 Vrmpnrno`ÿl dm lmuaît`ok okl ekan pkr mxtruoo`ÿl Ml cn mtnpn dm prmpnrno`ÿl dmc lmuaît`ok, mstm pnsn pkr cn aîqu`ln mxtruskrn

tàra`on dm ekan, dkldm sm npc`on uln i`ln onpn dm onuobk mxtru`dk skjrm mc pmráamtrk

dmc lmuaît`ok, mstk emlmrn uln amgkr ndbms`ÿl dm cn lumvn jnldn dm rkdndurn, qum smrî okckondn ml cn s`eu`mltm mtnpn. Ymr i`eurn :-9.

Iumltm7 @lsnanr Ctdn

I`eurn :-9. Aîqu`ln mxtruskrn dm ekan

 

?6

:.4.9.

_mxtn mtnpn7 Npc`ono`ÿl dm jnldn dm rkdndurn Cn prmpnrno`ÿl dm cn jnldn dm rkdna`mltk okamlznrî pkr rmv`snr cn krdml dm

tnrgmtn dm trnjngk, pnrn vmr`i`onr qum okrrmspkldm mimot`vnamltm nc lmuaît`ok y okl mstk tmlmr cn d`amls`ÿl dmc pmráamtrk dm cn rumdn. Cumek, mc mlonrendk smcmoo`kln cn  jnldn dm rkd rkdndurn, ndurn, dm noum noumrdk rdk ok okll mc rmqumr`a r mqumr`a`mltk `mltk ddmc mc oc`mltm oc`mltm,, mc ou ounc nc mstî mst njcmo`dk ml cn tnrgmtn dm krdml trnjngk. Vnrn `dmlt`i`onr cks lmuaît`oks y smþncnr qum mstîl enrnlt`zndks pkr @lsnanr Ctdn, bny uln antr`z qum okls`dmrn mc l÷amrk dmc mlonrendk qum b`zk cn oklstruoo`ÿl dm cn jnldn dm rkdndurn, cn onlt`dnd dm rmonuobndk qum t`mlm mc lmuaît`ok, mc ams y mc nþk ml qum sm ium rmonuobndk. Mc lmuaît`ok dmjm mstnr puc`dk ml ul cndk y omamltndk,  pnrn qum mc ckekt`p ckekt`pkk sm ndb`mrn. ndb`mrn . Ndmaîs, cn pmrskl pmrsklnn n onrek dm mstm prkoms prkomskk dmjm rme`strnr cks dntks rmqumr`dks ml mc s`stman y ml cn tnrgmtn dm krdml dm trnjngk. Ymr i`e. :-5.

Iumltm7 @lsnanr Ctdn

I`eurn :-5. Okckono`ÿl dm jnldn dm rkdndurn

:.4.5.

_àpt`an mtnpn7 Yuconl`zndk y mlvkcturn dmc lmuant`ok Vnrn okamlznr mstn mtnpn, sm mc`em uln oîanrn dm vnoák mxtmr`kr m `ltmr`kr dm

vuconl`zndk, dmc a`sak tnanþk qum mc lmuaît`ok. Cumek, cn oîanrn sm `licn okl n`rm okapr`a`dk pnrn vmr`i`onr cn prumjn dm vnoák, pnrn nsá prkvkonr uln mstnj`c`zno`ÿl ml mc lmuaît`ok, dmtmotnldk qum lk bnyn iuens ml cn oîanrn mlvkcvmltm. Ymr i`eurn :-2.

 

?>

Iumltm7 @lsnanr Ctdn

I`eurn :-2. Oîanrns dm vuconl`zndk

Vnrn `l`o`nr mc prkomsk dm vuconl`zndk, sm dmjm okls`dmrnr cn prumjn dm vnoák qum sm bnom ml cn oîanrn mlvkcvmltm, uln vmz nprkjndn, mc lmuaît`ok sm d`spklm n `lermsnr n cn nutkocnvm. Nc `ltmr`kr dm cn nutkocnvm dmjm bnjmr uln tmapmrnturn aál`an dm >:9 ¶O, qum sm okaprumjn okl ul tmraÿamtrk d`e`tnc ml mc pnlmc dmc skitwnrm, ounldk mstn tmapmrnturn ms nconlzndn sm `l`o`n mc prkomsk. Mc kpmrndkr dmjm rme`strnr ml cn tnrgmtn dm krdml dm trnjngk, mc oka`mlzk dmc o`ock y cn onlt`dnd dm lmuaît`oks dmltrk dmc nutkocnvm. ]ln vmz qum mc t`mapk bn tmra`lndk, sm not`vnrî uln ncnran qum `ld`on qum mc vuconl`zndk bn i`lnc`zndk. Ymr i`e. :-0.

Iumltm7 @lsnanr Ctdn.

I`eurn :-0. Mqu`pk nutkocnvm, vuconl`zndk dm onuobk.

 

?:

:.4.2.

Kotnvn mtnpn7 Okltrkc dm onc`dnd

Mc lmuaît`ok qum prkv`mlm dm cn smoo`ÿl dm cn oîanrn dm vuconl`zndk sm ccmvn n cn smoo`ÿl dm tmra`lno`klms, dkldm sm npc`on p`lturn lmern n cks jkrdms dmc lmuaît`ok. Cumek, sm ccmvn n ul jnlok dm `lspmoo`ÿl i`lnc, dkldm mc lmuaît`ok oka`mlzn n e`rnr, y mc mlonrendk dmc okltrkc dm onc`dnd dmjm `dmlt`i`onr y anronr  pks`jcms jurjugns jurjugns,, neugmrks neugmrks,, vmr`i`on vmr`i`onrr cns ul`klms y ppks`jcms ks`jcms inccns ml cn vuconl`zno`ÿl, vuconl`z no`ÿl, mltrm ktrks pks`jcms dmimotks ml mc lmuaît`ok. Cks dnþks dmjml mstnr anrondks okl uln rmimrmlo`n dm t`zn y nlnc`znr s` mc lmuaît`ok pumdm vkcvmr n smr `lermsndk n cn cálmn dm rmonuobngm. Cks lmuaît`oks nprkjndks pkr mc mlonrendk dm okltrkc dm onc`dnd dmjml  puc`rsm pnrn mc`a`lnr mc mxomsk dm ekan. ]ln vmz qum mc prko msk dm puc`dk bn oklocu`dk, mc kpmrnr`k dmjm vmr`i`onr iás`onamltm mc lmuaît`ok okl cn krdml dm trnjngk y ktkrenr cn nprkjno`ÿl dmc prkomsk. Nsá mc prkomsk dm rmonuobndk dm ul lmuaît`ok sm okls`dmrn tmra`lndk y d`spumstk n cn mltrmen nc oc`mltm. Ymr i`e. :->6.

Iumltm7 @lsnanr Ctdn

I`eurn :->6. Mqu`pk puc`dkr

 

??

ONVÁT]CK ?7 NLÎC@_@_ MOKLßA@OK MLTZM CN VZKD]OO@ßL DM LM]AÎT@OK_ L]MYK_ P LM]AÎT@OK_ ZMON]OBNDK_

 

?4

 

?=

?.

NLÎC@_@_

MOKLßA@OK

MLTZM

CN

VZKD]OO@ßL

DM

LM]AÎT@OK_ L]MYK_ P LM]AÎT@OK_ ZMON]OBNDK_

Vnrn okapnrnr oklsuaks mlmreàt`oks y okstks moklÿa`oks dm antmr`ns pr`ans dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk y ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk, sm rmnc`zn ul nlîc`s`s dm cn okapks`o`ÿl antmr`nc y dm oklsuak mlmreàt`ok ml sus rmspmot`vns cálmns prkduot`vns, erni`onldk cks vnckrms kjtml`dks, pnrn dmtmra`lnr cn v`nj`c`dnd moklÿa`on dm mstm t`pk dm prkomsks npc`ondks ml cn `ldustr`n

?.>.

NLÎC@_@_ MOKLßA@OK LM]AÎT@OK L]MYK

Vnrn mc nlîc`s`s moklÿa`ok sm okltmapcnrîl dks vnr`njcms8 okstks dm antmr`ns  pr`ans y cks okstks dm prkduo prkduoo`ÿl o`ÿl mxprmsn mxprmsndks dks ml mlmreán XAGQ. Mstk sm rmnc`zn ml jnsm nc nlîc`s`s dmc dkouamltk –T`rm Zmanluinotur`le Nld Mlmrey _nv`les‑,  pujc`ondk pkr mc A@T (Anssnobusmtts @lst`tutm ki Tmoblkckey) pnrn lmuaît`oks dm vmbáoucks pmsndks dm ansn prkamd`k mqu`vncmltm n == XheQ.

?.>.>.

Okstk pkr prkduoo`ÿl Cn okapks`o`ÿl dmc antmr`nc, cn mlmreán mspmoái`on ut`c`zndn pnrn prkduo`r mc

antmr`nc y mc oklsuak tktnc dm antmr`n pr`an y mlmreán dm injr`ono`ÿl dm ul lmuaît`ok táp`ok dm vmbáouck dm ernl tnanþk, skl cns vnr`njcms qum dmtmra`lnrîl cks okstks.

 

?9

Tnjcn ?->. Oklsuak dm antmr`ncms y oklsuak dm mlmreán pnrn mc prkomsna`mltk dm antmr`ns pr`ans y cn injr`ono`ÿl dm ul lumvk lmuaît`ok pnrn ona`klms pmsndks  

Antmr`ncms dm ul  Lmuaît`okk  Lmuaît`o

Okapks`o`ÿl dmc X%Q

antmr`nc

Mlmreán

Vrkduoo`ÿl tktnc

mspmoái`on

dm antmr`n pr`an

XAG/heQ

dm XAG/heQ

lmuaît`ok

lmuaît`ok

dm

Vkromltngm dm mlmreán tktnc X%Q

Onuobk lnturnc

:5,66

0,?6

:,=6

?,26

Onuobk s`ltàt`ok

>4,66

>>0,26

>9,26

:=,=6

Onrjkl jcnoh

:2,66

>:9,=6

?=,46

=?,26

Nomrk

>=,66

:=,66

?,26

=,56

Tmcn,

rmccmlks,

Tmcn,

rmccmlks,

nomcmrndkrms

y >9,66

4?,=6

5,46

>>,:6

nlt`kx`dnltms Iumltm7 Dkouamltk –T`rm Zmanluinotur`le Nld Mlmrey _nv`les‑ trnduoo`ÿl prkp`n  

?.>.>.>. Oîcouck pnrn kj kjtmlmr tmlmr mc prkomsk prkduot`vk tktnc pkr llmuaît`ok muaît`ok Tmlmr ml okls`dmrno`ÿl qum mc lmuaît`ok n trntnr t`mlm uln ansn dm == XheQ y cn `ltmls`dnd mlmreàt`on dm cn anluinoturn >>,5 XAG/heQ. Vnrn oncoucnr cn mlmreán tktnc dm antmr`ns pr`ans pkr lmuaît`ok, sm dmjm auct`pc`onr ondn okapks`o`ÿl dm antmr`n pr`an dmc lmuaît`ok, pkr cn mlmreán mspmoái`on dm ondn antmr`n pr`an. Lks qumdn7 ?.9:: XAGQ. Vnrn oncoucnr cn anluinoturn pkr lmuaît`ok, sm dmjm auct`pc`onr cn ansn dm mstm pkr cn `ltmls`dnd mlmreàt`on dm anluinoturn, lks qumdn7 == XheQ x >>.5 XAG/heQ 1 94?,= XAGQ. Ml oklsmoumlo`n, mc oîcouck pnrn kjtmlmr mc prkomsk prkduot`vk tktnc pkr lmuaît`ok sm mxprmsn ml cn suan mltrm prkduoo`ÿl tktnc dm antmr`n pr`an pkr lmuaît`ok aîs cn anluinoturn pkr lmuaît`ok, ck qum lks qumdn7 ?.9::XAGQ + 94?,=XAGQ 1 4:9=,= XAGQ.

 

?5

Tnjcn ?-:. Oklsuak dm antmr`ncms y oklsuak dm mlmreán pnrn mc prkomsna`mltk dm antmr`ns pr`ans y cn injr`ono`ÿl dm ul lumvk lmuaît`ok pnrn vmbáoucks vmbáoucks pmsndks Vrkduoo`ÿl tktnc dm antmr`n pr`an pkr lmuaît`ok XAGQ7 ?.9::,= Anluinoturn pkr lmuaît`ok XAGQ7 94?,=

Vrkomsk Vrkduot`vk tktnc pkr lmuaît`ok XAGQ7 4.:9=,=  Iumltm7 Dkouamltk –T`rm Zmanluinotur`le Nld Mlmrey _nv`les‑ trnduoo`ÿl prkp`n  

Dm noumrdk okl cn Tnjcn :, sm lmoms`tnl nprkx`andnamltm 4.:9= XAGQ dm mlmreán pnrn prkomsnr cns antmr`ns pr`ans y injr`onr ul lmuaît`ok pnrn vmbáoucks dm nctk tklmcngm. Mstm vnckr mxprmsndk ml oklsuak mcàotr`ok sm nlnc`zn ml cn tnjcn ??-?. -?.

Tnjcn ?-?. Oklvmrs`ÿl mlmreàt`on dm XAGQ n XhUbQ dmc lmuaît`ok Vrkomsk prkduot`vk tktnc pkr lmuaît`ok XAGQ 4.:9= ]l > XhUbQ ms mqu`vncmltm n ?,9 XAGQ Vrkomsk prkduot`vk pkr lmuaît`ok XhUbQ >.>24,5: Iumltm7 dkouamltk –T`rm Zmanluinotur`le Nld Mlmrey _nv`les‑ trnduoo`ÿl prkp`n  

Ck nltmr`kr sm oncoucn ml jnsm nc okstk pkr oklsuak kjtml`dk dm cn jkcmtn dm Ob`cqu`ltn Mlmreán Yncpnrnásk, okl imobn dm ma`s`ÿl 64 dm kotujrm dmc :6>5 dm cn maprmsn @lsnanr Ctdn., mc okstk pkr XhUbQ ms dm 56,54 pmsks (Iumltm7 Ob`cqu`ltn Mlmreán Yncpnrnásk).

Tnjcn ?-4. Okstks mlmreàt`oks pkr lmuaît`ok Okstk

Vrkomsk prkduot`vk tktnc Okstk

tktnc

X$/hUbQ  pkr lmuaît`ok lmu aît`ok XhUbQ X hUbQ

lmuaît`ok X$Q

56,54

2?.265,60

>.>24,5:

pkr

Iumltm7 mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n

Okak rmsuctndk mc okstk tktnc dmc prkomsk prkduot`vk dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk ms dm OCV 2?.265,60.

 

?2

?.>.:.

Okstks dm cks antmr`ncms qum okapklml ul lmuaît`ok Mc lmuaît`ok ms ul prkduotk mxtrmandnamltm nvnlzndk okl ul mcmvndk l`vmc

dm tmolkckeán, pnrn su injr`ono`ÿl sm rmqu`mrm dm antmr`ns pr`ans mcmamltncms qum vnránl ml okstks sme÷l su d`spkl`j`c`dnd ml mc amrondk. N oklt`luno`ÿl, cn tnjcn ?-= `ld`on cks okstks pkr antmr`ncms y mc okstk okrrmspkld`mltm n su pkromltngm dm okapks`o`ÿl dm ul lmuaît`ok dm == XheQ nprkx`andnamltm.

Tnjcn ?-=. Antmr`ns pr`ans injr`ono`ÿl lmuaît`ok lumvk Antmr`ncms dm ul Okstk dmc antmr`nc Vkromltngm  Lmuaît`ok Onuobk lnturnc

antmr`nc pkr h`ck >4,2=

dm antmr`nc X]_DQ =>,02

Onuobk s`ltàt`ok :,66

5,56

>=,46

Onrjÿl jcnoh

6,56

>=,46

>6,52

Nomrk

6,46

2,:=

?,:9

6,>6

:,5=

6,:2

?,=6

?,6?

>6,=0

:,66

?,6?

9,6=

Tmcn,

X]_D/heQ ?,=6

dm Okstk pkr pkromltngm

rmccmlks, lyckl

nomcmrndkrms nlt`kx`dnltms

y nomcmrndkrms nlt`kx`dnltms

Tktnc (]_D) 1 02,?? *Ynckrms kjtml`dks ml jnsm n cn ansn dmc lmuaît`ok y mc pkromltngm dm okapks`o`ÿl. Vrmo`k dÿcnr dÿcnr (mlmrk :6>2)7 > ]_D 1 OC OCV V 9??,2= Tktnc pmsks Ob`cmlks 1

OCV 9:.?:4,60 Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk

Okl cks dntks dm cn tnjcn ?-=, mc okstk tktnc dm cks antmr`ncms pnrn injr`onr ul lmuaît`ok lumvk ms dm OCV 9:.?:4,60. _me÷l tnjcn ?-=, cks vnckrms y mc pkromltngm dm nceulks antmr`ncms (tmcn, rmccmlks, nomcmrndkrms y nlt`kx`dnltms) ml oklgultk skck sm d`spklánl ml ul >9% dmc tktnc dmc lmuaît`ok, pkr ck qum, pnrn kjtmlmr uln rmcno`ÿl aîs omrtmrn sm mstnjcmom uln rmcno`ÿl ml jnsm nc a`sak dkouamltk.

 

?0

Tnjcn ?-9. Dmtmra`ln pkromltngm dm okapks`o`ÿl dmc antmr`nc Antmr`ncms dm ul Okapks`o`ÿl

dmc

 Lmuaît`ok antmr`nc X%Q Tmcn, rmccmlks, lyckl

=,66

y nomcmrndkrms

=,=6

nomcmrndkrms nlt`kx`dnltms

nlt`kx`dnltms =,=6

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk

Tnjcn ?-5. Okstk moklÿa`ok mst`andk dm antmr`ncms y prkduoo`ÿl dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk

Okstks tktncms

X$Q

dmc prkomsk prkduot`vk dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk

2?.265,60

dm cks antmr`ncms pnrn injr`onr ul lmuaît`ok lumvk

9:.?:4,60

okstk tktnc pkr lmuaît`ok

>49.>?>,>2

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk

Okak rmsuctndk i`lnc, mc okstk tktnc dm cn prkduoo`ÿl dm ul lmuaît`ok dm == XheQ pnrn vmbáoucks dm onren pmsndn ms dm OCV >49.>?>,>2. Mc s`eu`mltm pnsk pkr nlnc`znr, ms vnckr`znr cks okstks lk antmr`ncms dm cn  prkduoo`ÿl,  prkduoo `ÿl, yn smn, anlk dm kjrn, ckeást`on m `apums `apumstks. tks. Nsá okak tnaj`àl cns enlnlo`ns qum dmjmránl qumdnr n invkr dm cn vmltn dm mstm smrv`o`k. Vnrn mc nconlom dm mstm trnjngk cns vnr`njcms amlo`klndns sm mloumltrnl ml ktrns îrmns dm oklko`a`mltks ngmlns n cks kjgmt`vks qum sm trnznrkl pnrn mc nlîc`s`s dm ck d`spumstk, pkr ck tnltk, sm rmnc`zÿ ul mgmro`o`k s`apcm dm okapnrno`ÿl moklÿa`on ml

tkrlk n ul prkduotk rmprmsmltnt`vk dm cns nctmrlnt`vns mx`stmltms mx`stmltms ml mc amrondk. Ml msm smlt`dk sm tkan okak rmimrmlo`n mc akdmck >> Z::.= dm cn anron Ekkdymnr, mc ounc t`mlm ul okstk dm rmimrmlo`n dm OCV :09.562 ml mc amrondk. Ms dmo`r, okl mc okstk dm antmr`ncms yn sm oujrm mltkrlk nc =6% dmc vnckr dm amrondk, pkr ck qum mc rmstk dm cns vnr`njcms amlo`klndns okak7 anlk dm kjrn, ckeást`on, d`str`juo`ÿl, `apumstks `apumstks y enl enlnlo`ns nlo`ns dmjml mstnr mltkrlk nc rmstnltm =6%, pnrn qum, ml tàra`lks i`lnlo`mrks, sm nconlom uln rmltnj`c`dnd ml cn prkduoo`ÿl dm lmuaît`oks lumvks.

 

46

?.:.

NLÎC@_@_ MOKLßA@OK LM]AÎT@OK_ ZMON]OBNDK

Vnrn mc nlîc`s`s moklÿa`ok dm cn prkduoo`ÿl dm lmuaît`oks rmonuobndks, sm okltmapcnrîl dks vnr`njcms8 okstks dm antmr`ns pr`ans y cks okstks dm prkduoo`ÿl mlmreàt`on, mstm ÷ct`ak d`v`d`dk ml mlmreán tàra`on y mlmreán mcàotr`on, ml jnsm n cks nlîc`s`s dm dkouamltks, jkcmtns y amd`o`klms rmnc`zndns ml cns `lstncno`klms dm maprmsn @lsnanr Ctdn. Mstm mstud`k smrî rmimr`dk n lmuaît`oks rmonuobndks pnrn vmbáoucks dm onren  pmsndn, okls`d okls`dmrnldk mrnldk ul lmuaît`o lmuaît`okk dm cns a`sans onrnotmr onrnotmrást`ons ást`ons dmc nlîc`s`s dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk. Vnrn cn dmtmra`lno`ÿl dm cks okstks sm nlnc`znrîl cns vnr`njcms qum `licuyml d`rmotn m `ld`rmotnamltm ml mc vnckr i`lnc dm ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk.

?.:.>.

Okstks D`rmotks Ms tkdk okstk qum sm pumdm nsko`nr d`rmotnamltm n cn prkduoo`ÿl dm uln skcn

ul`dnd dm lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk, pkr ck tnltk, cks dmi`l`rmaks okak cks antmr`ncms mapcmndks durnltm mc prkomsk dmc rmonuobngm. ?.:.>.>. Okstks antmr`ncms

Vnrn dmi`l`r cks okstks antmr`ncms dm ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk, dmpmldmrî okapcmtnamltm dmc pmráamtrk y o`roulimrmlo`n qum tmlen mc lmuaît`ok, dmj`dk n qum ml  jnsm n mstm d`îamtrk sm dmi`l`r dmi`l`rîî cn ckle`tud dm cn jnldn dm rkdna`ml rkdna`mltk tk y cn ekan v`reml, mcmamltks pr`lo`pncms pnrn mc prkomsk. Vnrn cns jnldns dm rkdna`mltk, cn maprmsn trnjngn okl dks anrons ml mspmoái`ok (Zuzz` y Y`pnc) s`mldk cks oc`mltms cks qum mc`eml uln dm cns dks nc `l`o`nr mc  prkomskk dm rmonuob  prkoms rmonuobndk, ndk, ml tàra`lk tàra`lkss emlmrncms mstnjc mstnjcmomaks momaks ul prkamd prkamd`k `k dm okstks ml  jnsm nc pkromltn pkromltngm gm dm pprmimrmlo rmimrmlo`n `n dm ccnn anron qum mc`gnl mc` gnl cks oc`mltms oc`mltms.. Ymr tnj tnjcn cn ?-2 ?-2..

 

4>

Tnjcn ?-2. Okstks jnldn dm rkdna`mltks sme÷l anron y prkamd`k sme÷l pkromltngm Vkromltngm Okstk Xhe/a:Q Jnldn dm Zkdna`mltk Tktnc

Zuzz` 5=%

$

:.>0>,66

Y`pnc :=%

$

:.404,66

$

:.:99,5=

>66%

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk sme÷l vnckrms mltrmendks pkr @lsnanr Ctdn

Tnjcn ?-0. Okstks antmr`ncms prkamd`k nþk :6>9 Antmr`nc

Okstk ]l`dnd Onlt`dnd Tktnc

Vnrobm

$

Omamltk Xtnajkr :>6 CtsQ

$

Ekan v`reml XHeQ

$

266,66 =>2,2?

$

4>=.699,95

:.:09,66 >,=6

$

?.444,66

4.660,66 >=0,95

$

946.>6?,95

Jnldn dm rkdna`mltk XHeQ

$

:.:99,5= 0.0=6,4: $

Okgál Xhe/a:Q

$

:.442,66 0>5,=>

::.===.>69,02

$

:.:49.65:,94

Okstk Tktnc pnrn ul ams

$

:=.2=0.50?,0=

Okstk Tktnc pkr Lmuaît`ok

$

:5.0:9,?4

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk sme÷l vnckrms mltrmendks pkr @lsnanr Ctdn.

Cn tnjcn ?-0 dmtnccn cks okstks d`rmotks dm cks antmr`ncms y oÿak `licuyml ml mc  prmo`k ul`tnr`k ul`tnr`k.. Ml rmsuaml rmsuaml,, mc okstk prkamd`k amlsunc dm antmr`ncm antmr`ncmss pnrn mc prkomsk dm ul skck lmuaît`ok ms dm OCV :5.0:9,?4. Mc vnckr nltmr`kr sm kjt`mlm n pnrt`r dm dntks mltrmendks pkr @lsnanr Ctdn. Zmspmotk dmc prkamd`k amlsunc dm vmltns dm lmuaît`oks, qum okrrmspkldm n 0:9

ul`dndms. ?.:.:.

Okstks @ld`rmotks _kl cks rmoursks qum skl lmomsnr`ks pnrn dmsnrrkccnr cns not`v`dndms dm

 prkduoo`ÿl  prkduoo `ÿl y okamro`nc o kamro`nc`zno`ÿl `zno`ÿl,, pmrk qum lk sm pumdm `dmlt`i`o `dmlt`i`onr nr k amd`r mxnotn mxnotnamltm amltm ouîltk dm mccks oklt`mlm ondn prkduotk. Ml mstm nlîc`s`s sm vml `lvkcuorndks cks okstks dm oklsuak mcàotr`ok, ens lnturnc, pmtrÿcmk y sncnr`ks dmc pmrsklnc.

 

4:

?.:.:.>. Oklsuak mcàotr`ok Vnrn cn prkduoo`ÿl dm ul lmuaît`ok sm mstnjcmom uln rmcno`ÿl dm mlmreán mcàotr`on mapcmndn y su rmspmot`vk okstk aklmtnr`k prkpkro`klnc.

Tnjcn ?->6. Oklsuak mcàotr`ok prkamd`k nþk :6>9

VZKAMD@K AML_]NC Mlmreán XhUbQ

>4.>:2

Okstk Mlmreán X$Q

$

Vktmlo`n XhUQ

>>5,:

Okstk Vktmlo`n X$Q

$

Oklsuak BV XhUQ

:>,5

>.6>4.52= >20.20>

Okstk pktmlo`n ml Br.Vt. X$Q $ Okstk Tktnc

>?:.246

$

>.??5.=>5

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk sme÷l vnckrms mltrmendks pkr @lsnanr Ctdn

Cn Tnjcn ?->6 dmtnccn mc oklsuak mcàotr`ok. Mc okstk ul`tnr`k sm kjt`mlm n  pnrt`r dm cn rmcno`ÿl prkpkro` prkpkro`klnc klnc mltrm m ltrm cn prkduoo` prkduoo`ÿl ÿl amlsunc dm lmu lmuaît`oks aît`oks y mc ok okstk stk tktnc dm cn mlmreán mcàotr`on oklsua`dn. Okak rmsuctndk lks dn OCV >.44=.- pkr lmuaît`ok. ?.:.:.:. Oklsuak d`àsmc Mc pmtrÿcmk d`àsmc sm ut`c`zn pnrn cn emlmrno`ÿl mcàotr`on ml bkrnr`k dm rmstr`oo`ÿl dm oklsuak dm mlmreán mcàotr`on ml mc pmr`kdk dm `lv`mrlk, mc pmr`kdk dm bkrn pultn sm `l`o`n mc 6> dm njr`c y sm mxt`mldm bnstn mc ?6 dm smpt`majrm, dmsdm cns >2766, bnstn cns :?766 bkrns. (Iumltm Ob`cqu`ltn mlmreán). Vkr ck qum cn maprmsn ut`c`zn ul emlmrndkr dm mlmreán, mc ounc sm nc`amltn dm okajust`jcm.

 

4?

Tnjcn ?->>. Oklsuak d`àsmc prkamd`k nþk :6>9

Vrkamd`k Amlsunc Oklsuak XCQ

:9>

Okstk pmtrÿcmk X$/CQ

4?=,90

 Lmuaît`ok rmonuo rmonuobndk bndk Okstk Tktnc X$Q

0?= $

Okstk Vkr Lmuaît`ok

$

>>:.264 >:6

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk sme÷l vnckrms mltrmendks pkr @lsnanr Ctdn

Cn tnjcn ?->> dmtnccn mc oklsuak dm d`àsmc amlsunc y su okstk prkpkro`klnc  pkr lmuaît`o lmuaît`ok, k, okrrmsp okrrmspkld`mltm kld`mltm n OCV >:6. Vnrn mstk sm okltmapcn mc prkamd`k dm lmuaît`oks amlsuncms prkduo`dks ml cks amsms dm `lv`mrlk, okrrmspkld`mltm n 0?= ul`dndms. ?.:.:.?. Oklsuak ens lnturnc Cn maprmsn @lsnanr Ctdn., d`spklm dm ul oklsuak dm ens ml cn mtnpn dm vuconl`zndk dmc lmuaît`ok, ml dkldm mc lmuaît`ok mltrn n cns nutkocnvms, sm skamtm n  prms`ÿl y onckr ppkr kr vnpk vnpkrr dm neun, n eun, ml mstm prkomsk p rkomsk sm enrn enrnlt`zn lt`zn mmcc smccnd smccndkk y vuconl`zndk vucon l`zndk okapcmtk dmc lmuaît`ok.

Tnjcn ?->:. Oklsuak ens lnturnc prkamd`k nþk :6>9. VZKAMD@K AML_]NC Oklsuak Xa?Q

:.>92,04

Okstk X$/a?Q

9?9

 Lmuaît`ok rmonuobn rmonuobndk dk

0:9

Okstk Tktnc

$

>.?52.?:5

Okstk Tktnc pkr Lmuaît`ok

$

>.=6:

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk sme÷l vnckrms mltrmendks pkr @lsnanr Ctdn

 

44

Tnjcn ?->?. Okstks oklsuak tktnc prkamd`k nþk :6>9 VZKAMD@K AML_]NC Okstk mlmreàt`ok tktnc prkduoo`ÿl Okstk mlmreàt`ok tktnc prkduoo`ÿl dm ul lmuaît`ok

$

:.55:.:49

$

?.6:6

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk sme÷l vnckrms mltrmendks pkr @lsnanr Ctdn

?.:.:.4. Okstks Kpmrno`klncms Ktrks okstks dmc prkomsk, t`mlm rmcno`ÿl okl cks sncnr`ks dmc pmrsklnc, okcno`klms, jklk dm akv`c`zno`ÿl, `lsuaks, bmrrna`mltns. Mltmld`mldk cns d`imrmltms ontmekráns dm oklko`a`mltks, rmspklsnj`c`dndms, mxpmr`mlo`n y onreks dmltrk dm cn maprmsn, sm kjt`mlm ul vnckr prkamd`k ÷l`ok qum okrrmspkldm n OCV >:.666.- pkr lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk. (Iumltm @L_NANZ Ctdn.). ?.:.?.

Okstks dm prkduoo`ÿl tktnc

Tnjcn ?->4. Okstk tktnc pkr lmuaît`ok prkamd`k nþk :6>9 Okstks D`rmotks Antmr`n Vr`an

$

:5.0:9,?4

Okstks @ld`rmotks _umcdks

$

>:.666

mcmotr`o`dnd - ens lnturnc)

$

?.6:6

Okstks Tktncms

$

_mrv`o`ks jîs`oks (Neun  ‟   4:.049,?4

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk sme÷l vnckrms mltrmendks pkr @lsnanr Ctdn

]ln vmz qum sm bnl dmtnccndk tkdks cks okstks d`rmotks m `ld`rmotks qum `ltmrv`mlml ml mc prkomsk dm rmonuobndk dm cn pcnltn, sm pumdm mstnjcmomr qum mc okstk  pnrn rmnc`zn rmnc`znrr mc rmonuob rmonuobngm ngm dm ul lmuaît`ok, lmuaît`ok , ml prkamd`k prkamd `k ms dm OCV 4:.049,?4, mstk s`l okls`dmrnr cks okstks nsko`ndks nc îrmn dm vmltns y nc îrmn dm nda`l`strno`ÿl.

 

4=

Vkr ck tnltk, ml prkamd`k, mc okjrk qum sm rmnc`zn pnrn mc rmonuobngm dm ul lmuaît`ok ms dm nprkx`andnamltm OCV 59.666.- ml cn pcnltn dm @L_NANZ, dmgnldk ul sncdk n invkr dm OCV ??.6=9,99.- pkr lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk, s`l okls`dmrnr cks okstks nsko`ndks amlo`klndks nltmr`kramltm.

?.?.

OKAVNZNT@YN MOKLßA@ON MLTZM ]L LM]AÎT@OK L]MYK P ]L LM]AÎT@OK ZMON]OBNDK

N akdk oklocus`vk, mltmld`mldk cn d`imrmlo`n ml cn okapks`o`ÿl dm okstks dm najks lmuaît`oks, nc okapnrnr cn tnjcn ?-5 y cn tnjcn ?->4, sm pumdm dnr oumltn dm qum cns antmr`ns pr`ans `lvkcuorndns ml mc lmuaît`ok pnrn rmonuobnr, s` j`ml okrrmspkldml nprkx`andnamltm nc :6% dmc tktnc dm antmr`nc dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk, lk skl  prkpkro`klncms  prkpkr o`klncms ml mc okstk okapnrn okapnrnt`vk t`vk mltrm najks pums ul injr`onl injr`onltm tm dm lmuaît`o lmuaît`oks ks lumvks, t`mlm okstks dm prkduoo`ÿl aîs jngks, pums ms nutksui`o`mltm n d`imrmlo`n dm uln pcnltn qum sÿck sm dmd`on nc rmonuobndk y lk cn prkduoo`ÿl dm cks okapklmltms dm ul lmuaît`ok. Okapnrnt`vnamltm mc okstk tktnc dm prkduoo`ÿl dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk ms dm OCV >49.>?>,>2.-  (okstk amrondk ms dm OCV :09.562.-) y mc okstk tktnc dm prkduoo`ÿl dm ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk okrrmspkldm n OCV 4:.049,?4.- (okstk amrondk OCV 59.666.-) mstnjcmo`mldk uln msoncn dm okstks auy d`sáa`c, nsá tnaj`àl okak ck ms cn onlt`dnd dm vmltns qum prkduom ondn `ldustr`n.

 

49

 

45

ONVÁT]CK 47 O]NLT@I@ONO@ßL DM EM@ MLTZM LM]AÎT@OK_ L]MYK_ P LM]AÎT@OK_ ZMON]OBNDK_

 

42

 

40

4.

O]NLT@I@ONO@ßL DM EM@ MLTZM LM]AÎT@OK_ L]MYK_ P LM]AÎT@OK_ ZMON]OBNDK_

4.>.

@LTZKD]OO@ßL NC AÀTKDK DM OÎCO]CK DM MA@_@KLM_ DM MIMOTK

@LYMZLNDMZK

VNZN

LM]AÎT@OK_

L]MYK_

P

LM]AÎT@OK_ ZMON]OBNDK_

Ml mc prmsmltm mstud`k sm ut`c`zn mc aàtkdk dm GNTAN (iumltm7 –Tyrm COOK:  Oncoucnt`kl Eu`dmc`lms ‑ jy GNTAN), qum juson oncoucnr, nlnc`znr y mvncunr mc `apnotk ml mc amd`k naj`mltm qum `lourrm mc o`ock dm v`dn okapcmtk dm ondn ulk dm cks antmr`ncms `lvkcuorndks ml mc prkduotk k smrv`o`k qum sm dn dm jngn k sm rmo`ocm, rmcno`klndk okl mc oîcouck dm OK :. Vnrn oncoucnr cn onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk ml mc o`ock dm v`dn dm cks lmuaît`oks sm usnrîl o`mrtns d`rmotr`oms qum nyudnrîl n ouapc`r mc kjgmt`vk. Mstns d`rmotr`oms rmsuaml cks aàtkdks jîs`oks pnrn oncoucnr cns onlt`dndms dm ma`s`klms dm ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk ml mc o`ock dm v`dn dm cks lmuaît`oks.

4.>.>.

Ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk d`r`e`dks nc oîcouck Cks s`eu`mltms s`mtm t`pks dm ensms mstîl okls`dmrndks nc oîcouck.

Tnjcn 4->. Ensms d`r`e`dks nc oîcouck _`ajkckeán

Mcmamltk

OK : 

D`ÿx`dk dm onrjklk

OB 4 

Amtnlk

 L:K BIOs VIOs _I9 

L`trÿemlk B`drkicukrkonrjurks Vmricukrkonrjurks Bmxnicukrurk

 LI? 

Tr`icukrurk dm l`trÿemlk

Iumltm7 –Tyrm COOK: Oncoucnt`kl Eu`dmc`lms‑ jy GNTAN  

 

=6

4.>.:.

Nconlom dmc o`ock dm v`dn n oncoucnr Mc nconlom dmc o`ock dm v`dn oklstn okl cks s`eu`mltms s`eu`mltms = pnsks7



 

Ndqu`s`o`ÿl7 mtnpn ndqu`s`o`ÿl dm cns antmr`ns pr`ans.



 

Injr`ono`ÿl7 mtnpn injr`ono`ÿl dm cks okapklmltms dmc lmuaît`ok y ikrano`ÿl dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk.



 

D`str`juo`ÿl7  mtnpn dkldm sm trnspkrtn dm cks lmuaît`oks dmsdm mc s`t`k dm injr`ono`ÿl bnstn su mspno`k dm nokp`k y/k vmltn.



 

]sk7 mtnpn dm v`dn ÷t`c dmc lmuaît`ok.



 

I`l dm v`dn dm antmr`n pr`an y rmo`ocngm7 mtnpn dkldm sm cm dn tmra`lk n su v`dn ÷t`c dmc lmuaît`ok lumvk y pumdm oklt`lunr n ul prkomsk dm rmo`ocngm k rmut`c`zno`ÿl.

4.:.

OÎCO]CK DM CN_ ONLT@DNDM_ DM MA@_@ßL DM EN_M_ DM MIMOTK @LYMZLNDMZK ML MC O@OCK DM Y@DN DM CK_ LM]AÎT@OK_

Mc lmuaît`ok rmprmsmltnt`vk ms ul lmuaît`ok emlmrnc dm ul tnanþk mstîldnr sme÷l dkouamltk GNTAN. Vnrn cks aàtkdks dm oîcouck dm ondn mtnpn sm ut`c`znrî cks s`eu`mltms vnckrms. Ymr tnjcn 4-:.

Tnjcn 4-:. Tnanþks y pmsks rmprmsmltnt`vks dm cks lmuaît`oks T`pk dm lmuaît`ok

Tnanþk rmprmsmltnt`vk

Lmuaît`oks emlmrncms XheQ

Vnrn jusms y/k ona`klms :5=/26Z::.=

=9,:

Iumltm7 –Tyrm COOK: Oncoucnt`kl Eu`dmc`lms‑ jy GNTAN  

4.:.>.

Mtnpn dm antmr`n pr`an Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn mtnpn emlmrnc dm antmr`n pr`an.Cn Tnjcn 4-?

aumstrn cn onlt`dnd dm ma`s`klms dm EM@ ml cn mtnpn emlmrnc dm cn antmr`n pr`an.

 

=>

(Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`klms dm EM@ ml cn mtnpn emlmrnc dm cn antmr`n pr`an) 1 (Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn injr`ono`ÿl dm antmr`ns pr`ans) + (Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`klms dm EM@ ml mc mlvák dm antmr`ns pr`ans)  

Tnjcn 4-?. Akltk dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn mtnpn emlmrnc dm cn antmr`n pr`an Ocnsm

Lmuaît`oks emlmrncms (heOK:/ lmuaît`ok)

Mtnpn dm Injr`ono`ÿl dm antmr`ns pr`ans >:9,: antmr`n

Mlvák dm antmr`ns pr`ans

:>,2

 pr`an

Tktnc

>45,0 Iumltm7 –Tyrm COOK: Oncoucnt`kl Eu`dmc`lms‑ jy GNTAN  

4.:.:.

Mtnpn dm injr`ono`ÿl Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`klms dm EM@ pkr lmuaît`ok ml cn mtnpn dm injr`ono`ÿl.

(Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ pkr ul lmuaît`ok) 1 (Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ pkr > he dm pmsk rmnc dmc lmuaît`ok) x (pmsk pkr lmuaît`ok). Ymr tnjcn 4-4. Tnjcn 4-4. Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ pkr ul lmuaît`ok ml cn mtnpn dm injr`ono`ÿl

Ocnsm

Lmuaît`oks emlmrncms ]l`dnd

Vmsk pkr lmuaît`ok

=9,:

he/ lmuaît`ok

?=,9

heOK:/lmuaît`ok

Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`klms dm EM@ pkr ul lmuaît`ok

Iumltm7 –Tyrm COOK: Oncoucnt`kl Eu`dmc`lms‑ jy GNTAN  

4.:.?.

Mtnpn dm d`str`juo`ÿl Onlt`dndms dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn mtnpn dm d`str`juo`ÿl. Cn Tnjcn 4-=

aumstrn mc akltk dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn mtnpn dm d`str`juo`ÿl.

Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn mtnpn dm d`str`juo`ÿl 1 (pmsk pkr lmuaît`ok) x (okmi`o`mltm dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ pkr ondn XheQ X heQ dm pmsk rmnc dmc lmuaît`ok).

 

=:

Tnjcn 4-=. Akltk dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn mtnpn dm d`str`juo`ÿl Ocnsm

Lmuaît`oks emlmrncms ]l`dnd

Vmsk pkr lmuaît`ok

=9,:

he/ lmuaît`ok

>6,4

heOK:/ lmuaît`ok

Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ dmc mlvák  pkr ul lmuaît`ok

Iumltm7 –Tyrm COOK: Oncoucnt`kl Eu`dmc`lms‑ jy GN TAN

4.:.4.

Mtnpn dm usk Onlt`dnd dmc oklsuak dm okajust`jcm dmc inotkr dm cn ccnltn y onlt`dnd dm cn

ma`s`ÿl dm EM@. _m usn cn s`eu`mltm mouno`ÿl pnrn mlokltrnr mc akltk dm oklsuak dm okajust`jcm dmc inotkr dm cn ccnltn y EM@ onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl. Ymr tnjcn 4-9.

Tnjcn 4-9. Okli`eurno`ÿl dm cns okld`o`klms dm usk dm lmuaît`oks.  Lmuaît`oks  Lmuaît`o ks

Ocnsm

emlmrncms

]l`dnd

Zmcno`ÿl dm okltr`juo`ÿl dmc lmuaît`ok nc oklsuak 6,:= (>/4)

Jnsms pnrn mstnjcmomr Zmsuctndk dm cn mloumstn

！ 

GNTAN

dm okajust`jcm Oklsuak dm okajust`jcm 4

Xha/CQ

Ngustm GNTAN jnsndk ml

dmc vmbáouck

XC/haQ

`likrano`ÿl mstndást`on

！ 

Ngustm GNTAN

Okajust`jcm dmc vmbáouck

6,:= Okajust`jcm d`àsmc

Okmi`o`mltm dm rms`stmlo`n

 Lmuaît`okss  Lmuaît`ok

n

emlmrncms1

cn

rkdndurn

dmc >66

lmuaît`ok  L÷amrk

>66 dm

lmuaît`o lmuaît`oks ks

akltndks Y`dn dmc lmuaît`ok

>6

>:6.666

Zmsuctndk dm cn mloumstn GNTAN

Lmuaît`oks Ngustm GNTAN Xha/

Zmsuctndk dm cn mloumstn

lmuaît`okQ

dm GNTAN.

Iumltm7 –Tyrm COOK: Oncoucnt`kl Eu`dmc`lms‑ jy GNTAN  

 

=?

*Cn oîanrn ob`cmln dm lmuaît`ok mstnjcmo`ÿ qum cn v`dn ÷t`c dm ul lmuaît`ok ml ob`cm rkldnjn ml tkrlk n cks 5=.666 ha (pnrn vmbáoucks dm onren). Cn amtkdkckeán GNTAN ut`c`zndn ml mstm mstud`k okltmapcn inotkrms dm cks ouncms lk mx`stm `likrano`ÿl vmr`i`ondn qum pumdn smr ut`c`zndn okl mstm aàtkdk, pkr ck tnltk, sm mapcmnl cks vnckrms `ltmrlno`klncms pnrn lk okamtmr mc mrrkr dm dmsprkpkro`klnr cks inotkrms dm cn mouno`ÿl. mouno`ÿl. Onlt`dnd dm oklsuak dm okajust`jcm dmc inotkr dmc lmuaît`ok 1 (onlt`dnd dm oklsuak dm okajust`jcm ok ajust`jcm pkr > XhaQ pnrn ul lmuaît`ok)

x (durno`ÿl dmc rmokrr`dk dmc lmuaît`ok). 1 (oklsuak dm okajust`jcm dmc vmbáouck) x (rmcno`ÿl dm okltr`juo`ÿl dmc lmuaît`ok) õ (l÷amrk dm lmuaît`oks) x (okrrmoo`ÿl dm rms`stmlo`n n cn rkdndurn dmc lmuaît`ok) lmuaît`ok) x (v`dn ÷t`c dmc lmuaît`ok). Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk 1 (onlt`dnd dm oklsuak dm okajust`jcm dmc inotkr dm lmuaît`ok) x (okmi`o`mltm dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ dmc okajust`jcm dmc vmbáouck).

Tnjcn 4-5. Akltk dmc oklsuak dm okajust`jcm dmc inotkr dm cn ccnltn y onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@.  Lmuaît`oks  Lmuaît`o ks

Ocnsm

emlmrncms

Onlt`dnd dm oklsuak dm okajust`jcm dmc inotkr dm lmuaît`ok pkr > ha pkr > lmuaît`ok. Onlt`dnd dm oklsuak dm okajust`jcm dmc inotkr dm cn ccnltn (pkr v`dn dmc lmuaît`ok). Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ dmc inotkr dm cn ccnltn (pkr v`dn dmc lmuaît`ok).

]l`dnd

6,669:=

XC/haQ

5=6

XC/ lmuaît`okQ

:.>95,=

XheOK:/ lmuaît`okQ

Iumltm7 –Tyrm COOK: Oncoucnt`kl Eu`dmc`lms‑ jy GNTAN  

4.:.=.

Mtnpn dm i`l dm v`dn y rmo`ocngm _m oncoucn cns onlt`dndms dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml mc i`lnc dm cn v`dn y cn mtnpn dm

rmo`ocngm.

 

=4

_ujd`v`d`rmaks mstn mtnpn ml dks pnrn mc oklsuak tktnc dm ensms dm mimotk

`lvmrlndmrk dm lmuaît`oks lumvks y ml cn smeuldn akstrnrmaks tkdk mc prkomsk dmc rmo`ocngm qum sm cm dn nc lmuaît`ok, rmonuobndk, y su nd`oo`ÿl n cn emlmrno`ÿl dm ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk dmc lmuaît`ok.

4.:.=.>. Onlt`dnd tktn tktncc dm EM@ dm ul lmuaît`ok lum lumvk vk N oklt`luno`ÿl, sm prkomdm n rmnc`znr mc suantkr`k tktnc dm ondn mtnpn, dmtnccnldk cns onlt`dndms dm ma`s`ÿl pkr mtnpn, d`imrmlo`nldk cks d`st`ltks prkomsks `lvkcuorndks. Ymr tnjcn 4-2.

Tnjcn 4-2. Onlt`dnd dm ensms dm mimotk dm `lvmrlndmrk lmuaît`ok lumvk  Lmuaît`okss emlmr  Lmuaît`ok emlmrncms ncms

Ocnsm

XheOK:/ lmuaît`okQ. Injr`ono`ÿl dm antmr`ns

Mtnpn dm antmr`n pr`an

 pr`ans

>:9,:

Mlvák dm antmr`ns pr`ans

:>,2

Mtnpn dm injr`ono`ÿl

Injr`ono`ÿl

?=,9

Mtnpn dm d`str`juo`ÿl

Mlvák

>6,4

Mtnpn dm usk

]sk

:.>95,=6

Mtnpn dm i`l dm v`dn Onlt`dnd I`l dm v`dn ÷t`c s`l 6 y rmo`ocngm dm ma`s`ÿl rmut`c`zno`ÿl Tktnc, dm onlt`dnd dm ma`s`klms dm EM@ ml lmuaît`oks lumvks

:.?9>,=

Iumltm7 –Tyrm COOK: Oncoucnt`kl Eu`dmc`lms‑ jy GNTAN  

Okak lks aumstrn cn Tnjcn 4-2, cn suan tktnc dm tkdns cns mtnpns pnrn mc oîcouck dmc EM@, dn :.?9>,= Xhe OK :Q pkr lmuaît`ok. Dm ck nltmr`kr sm dmsprmldm qum cn mtnpn dm usk, lnturncamltm, ms cn qum prkduom aîs dmc 06% dm cns ma`s`klms tktncms.

4.:.=.:. Aàtkdk dm oîco oîcouck uck dmc EM@ dm ul lmuaît`ok rm rmonuobndk onuobndk Vnrn mstn mtnpn sm oncoucn cn ma`s`ÿl dm ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk y mimotk dm rmduoo`ÿl dm ma`s`klms ml prkduotks rmut`c`zndks pnrn mc rmonuobndk, yn qum mstm ms cn lumvn d`spks`o`ÿl dmc lmuaît`ok.

 

==

Vnrn mcck sm oncoucn lumvnamltm ondn mtnpn dmc prkomsk, pmrk cn d`imrmlo`n ms qum sm vnrán mc pmsk dm cks antmr`ncms, yn qum ml mc rmonuobndk sm ut`c`zn nprkx`andnamltm mc :6% dmc antmr`nc tktnc dmc lmuaît`ok. Cks s`eu`mltms pultks sm  pumdml dnr okak ma`s`klms ma`s`klm s dm EM@ ml cn rmut`c`zn rmut`c`zno`ÿl o`ÿl dmc prkduotk prkduo tk (rmonuob (rmonuobndk ndk dm lmuaît`ok). • Injr`ono`ÿl dm antmr`ns pr`ans pnrn rmonuobndk.   • D`str`juo`ÿl dm antmr`ns pr`ans  pnrn rmonuobndk rm onuobndk.. • Antmr`ns pr`ans pnrn rmonuobndk.  • Vrkduoo`ÿl dm lmuaît`oks rmonuobndks.  

P mc mimotk dm rmduoo`ÿl dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ sm mlonren dm sust`tu`r cn mtnpn injr`ono`ÿl dm lmuaît`oks lumvks okl lmuaît`oks rmonuobndks. rmonuobndks. Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn mtnpn dm injr`ono`ÿl dm antmr`n pr`an Vnrn oncoucnr mc pmsk dmc antmr`nc rmonuobndk sm rmnc`zÿ cn s`eu`mltm mouno`ÿl7 1 (Onlt`dnd amlsunc dmc antmr`nc x Vmsk ul`tnr`k dmc antmr`nc) / Onlt`dnd dm lmuaît`oks rmonuobndks ml mc ams. (*) Zmokrdmaks qum cn onlt`dnd dm lmuaît`oks prkamd`k rmonuobndks ml cn maprmsn @L_NANZ, ms dm 0:9 lmuaît`oks.

Tnjcn 4-0. Zmcno`ÿl dm pmsk dmc antmr`nc pnrn mc rmonuobndk Antmr`nc

Vmsk ul`tnr`k XheQ Onlt`dnd amlsunc Vmsk Xhe/lmuaît`okQ

Vnrobm

6,6=

=>2,2?

6,6?

Omamltk

>49

>,=6

6,:4

Ekan v`reml

>

>=0,95

6,>5

Jnldn dm rkdna`mltk

>

0.0=6,4:

>6,5=

Okgál

>

0>5,=>

6,00

TKTNC

>:,>5 Iumltm7 @likrano`ÿl mltrmendn pkr @lsnanr Ctdn.

 

=9

Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn mtnpn dm injr`ono`ÿl dm cn antmr`n pr`an pr`an 1 (Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ pkr > XheQ dm okapumstk rmonuobndk) x (pmsk dmc okapumstk rmonuobndk) 1 :,>> x >:.>5 1 :=.95 Xhe OK : / lmuaît`okQ.

Tnjcn 4->6. Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml Okapumstk Zmt`rndk ml cn Mtnpn dm Antmr`n Vr`an Ocnsm

Ynckr

]l`dnd

Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`klms dm EM@ pkr ul lmuaît`ok

:=.95

XheOK:/lmuaît`okQ

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk

Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn d`str`juo`ÿl dm > XheQ dm antmr`n pr`an pnrn mc rmonuobndk

Tnjcn 4->>. Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn prkpkro`ÿl y cn d`str`juo`ÿl dm okapks`o`ÿl dm antmr`n pr`an pnrn mc rmonuobndk

Ocnsm

Zmcno`ÿl okapks`o`ÿl

dm

Okmi`o`mltm

dm Onlt`dnd

dm

ma`s`ÿl dm EM@

ma`s`klms dm EM@

Xhe OK:/heQ

Xhe OK:Q

Onuobk lnturnc

56,66

6,0:

94,9>

Onuobk s`ltàt`ok

?6,66

6,60

:,55

Onrjkl jcnoh

42,66

6,60

4,4?

Nom`tm prkomsndk

5,66

6,60

6,9=

Tktnc, quáa`ok dm onuobk 5,66 kreîl`ok

6,60

6,9=

ßx`dk dm z`lo

?,66

6,60

6,:2

_uciurk

:,66

6,60

6,>2

Tktnc

>95,66

！ 

5?,=9

Iumltm7 –Tyrm COOK: Oncoucnt`kl Eu`dmc`lms‑ jy GNTAN  

]snldk cn s`eu`mltm mouno`ÿl pnrn mlokltrnr mc okmi`o`mltm dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn d`str`juo`ÿl dm > XheQ dm antmr`n pr`an okapumstn pnrn mc rmonuobndk.

 

=5

(Okmi`o`mltm dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn d`str`juo`ÿl dm > he dm antmr`n pr`an okapumstn  pnrn mc rmonuob rmonuobndk) ndk) 1 5?,=9 õ >95 1 6,446 Xhe OK:Q.  Vnrn oncoucnr mc pmsk dmc antmr`nc rmonuobndk sm rmnc`zÿ cn s`eu`mltm mouno`ÿl7 1 (Onlt`dnd amlsunc dmc antmr`nc x Vmsk ul`tnr`k dmc antmr`nc) / Onlt`dnd dm lmuaît`oks rmonuobndks ml mc ams.

Vkr ck tnltk, sm usn us n cn s`eu`mltm mouno`ÿl pnrn mlokltrnr cn onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn antmr`n pr`an dm rmonuobndk. (Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn d`str`juo`ÿl cn antmr`n pr`an okapumstn dmc rmonuobndk) 1 (tktnc dm pmsk okapumstk rmonuobndk) x (okmi`o`mltm dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ nc mlv`nr > XheQ dm antmr`n pr`an okapumstn pnrn mc rmonuobndk) 1 >:.>5 x 6,446 1 =,?= Xhe OK: / lmuaît`okQ.

Tnjcn 4->:. Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn d`str`juo`ÿl dm cn antmr`n pr`an pnrn mc rmonuobndk Ocnsm

Ynckr

]l`dnd

Mc pmsk tktnc dm cn antmr`n pr`an okapumstn

>:.>5

XheQ

6,44

Xhe OK:/heQ

Okmi`o`mltm dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ nc mlv`nr > he dm antmr`n pr`an okapumstn dm rmonuobutndk

Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn d`str`juo`ÿl dm cn =,?= antmr`n pr`an pnrn mc rmonuobutndk

Xhe OK: /lmuaît`okQ

Iumltm7 @likrano`ÿl mltrmendn pkr @lsnanr Ctdn

Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ mtnpn anluinoturn anluinoturn okapklmltms dm rmonuobndk Zmduoo`ÿl n cn onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ pkr > XheQ dm rmonuobndk okl uln  prkpkro`ÿl  prkpkr o`ÿl dm pmsk rm rmnc nc / ekan lumvn) lumvn).. Nc auct`pc`onr mc pmsk rmnc dm cn ekan dm rmonuobndk, mloumltrm cn onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ounldk sm amzocn mc okapumstk dm rmonuobndk.

 

=2

1 (Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ pkr > he dm onuobk lumvk ml cn anluinoturn pnrn mc rmonuobutndk) õ (pmsk rmnc / rmcno`ÿl dm onuobk lumvk) x (onuobk dm rmonuobutndk dm  pmsk rmnc). r mnc). 1 6,>26 õ >,95 Õ >:,>5 1 >,?>> Xhe OK :/lmuaît`okQ.

Tnjcn 4->?. Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ pkr pmsk rmnc dm rmonuobndk ml cn anluinoturn dm cks okapklmltms pnrn mc rmonuobndk Ocnsm Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ pkr > he dm onuobk lumvk ml cn

Ynckr

]l`dnd

anluinoturn dm antmr`ncms pnrn mc rmonuobutndk Zmcno`ÿl pmsk rmnc / ekan lumvn Vmsk rmnc dmc onuobk rmonuobutndk Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml anluinoturn dm cks okapklmltms pnrn mc rmonuobndk

6,>2

Xhe OK:/heQ

>,95 >:,>5

！ 

>,?>>

XheQ Xhe

OK:/

lmuaît`okQ

Iumltm7 @likrano`ÿl mltrmendn pkr @lsnanr Ctdn.

Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn prkduoo`ÿl dm lmuaît`oks rmonuobndks rmonuobndks Onlt`dnd dm oklsuak dm mlmreán y onlt`dnd dm ma`s`klms dm EM@ pkr ul lmuaît`ok nc prkduo`r lmuaît`oks rmonuobndks. Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ounldk sm prkduoml lmuaît`oks rmonuobndks ml uln  pcnltn dm d m rmonu rmonuobndk. obndk. 1 (Onlt`dnd dm oklsuak dm ens lnturnc) x (okmi`o`mltm dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ dmc ens lnturnc) + (Onlt`dnd dm oklsuak dm mlmreán mcàotr`on) x (okmi`o`mltm dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ dm cn mlmreán mcàotr`on) + (Onlt`dnd dm oklsuak dm D`àsmc) x (okmi`o`mltm dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ dmc D`àsmc) 1 :,?4 Õ 6,662> （ >=,:9 >=,:9 Õ 6,424 + 6.:2 Õ :,20 1 2,:?0 Xhe OK:/ lmuaît`oksQ.

 

=0

Tnjcn 4->4. Onlt`dnd dm oklsuak dm mlmreán y onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ pkr ul lmuaît`ok ounldk sm prkduoml lmuaît`oks rmonuobndks. Iumltm Maprmsn Maprmsn @lsnanr Ctdn Ocnsm

Ynckr

]l`dnd

Ens lnturnc

:,?46

a?/lmuaît`ok

D`àsmc

6,:26

c/lmuaît`ok

Mlmreán mcàotr`on

>=,:96

hUb/ lmuaît`ok

Ens lnturnc

6,662

heOK:/a?

D`àsmc

:,026

heOK:/c

Mlmreán mcàotr`on

6,424

heOK:/hUb

Ens lnturnc

6,6>0

he OK:/lmuaît`ok

D`àsmc

6,2?4

he OK:/lmuaît`ok

Mlmreán mcàotr`on

5,?29

he OK:/lmuaît`ok

Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ pkr ul lmuaît`ok qum 2,:?0  prkduom ul rmon rmonuobngm uobngm

he OK:/lmuaît`ok

Onlt`dnd dm oklsuak

Okmi`o`mltm dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@

Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`klms dm EM@

Iumltm7 @likrano`ÿl mltrmendn pkr @lsnanr Ctdn.

Onlt`dnd tktnc dm ma`s`klms dm EM@ ml prkduotks pnrn su rmut`c`zno`ÿl (rmonuobndk) Cns onlt`dndms dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cks prkduotks pnrn su rmut`c`zno`ÿl (rmonuobndk) dm noumrdk okl ck nltmr`kr, sm aumstrn ml cn s`eu`mltm tnjcn.

Tnjcn 4->=. Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ nc rmut`c`znr prkduotks Ynckr

Ocnsm

Xhe OK:/ lmuaît`okQ

Mtnpn dm injr`ono`ÿl dm antmr`n pr`an okapumstn

:=,95

Mtnpn d`str`juo`ÿl dm cn antmr`n pr`an

=,?=

Mtnpn anluinoturn okapklmltms

>,?>>

Mtnpn dm prkduoo`ÿl dm lmuaît`oks rmonuobndks

2,:?0

Onlt`dnd tktnc dm ma`s`klms dm EM@ amd`nltm cn rmut`c`zno`ÿl dm  prkduotks  prkduot ks (rm (rmonuobutn onuobutndk) dk) Iumltm7 @likrano`ÿl mltrmendn pkr @lsnanr Ctdn

 

46,=90

96

4.:.=.?. Mimotk dm rmduoo`ÿl dm ma`s`klms dm EM@ ml prkduotks pnrn rmut`c`zno`ÿl (rmonuobndk) Nc rmonuobnr cks lmuaît`oks usndks pnrn su rmut`c`zno`ÿl, sm ormm qum sm sust`tuym cn prkduoo`ÿl dm antmr`ns pr`ans dm lmuaît`oks lumvks, mc mlvák dm antmr`ns  pr`ans y cn prkd prkduoo`ÿl uoo`ÿl dm lmua lmuaît`oks ît`oks llumvks. umvks. Okl mstk, mst k, ms ppks`jcm ks`jcm kjtmlmr mc mimo mimotk tk dm rmduoo`ÿl dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ qum sm aumstrn ml cn tnjcn n oklt`luno`ÿl.

Tnjcn 4->9. Mimotk dm rmduoo`ÿl dm ma`s`klms dm EM@ amd`nltm cn rmut`c`zno`ÿl dm  prkduotks  prkduot ks (rmonuobndk (rm onuobndk))  Lmuaît`oks  Lmuaît`o ks emlmr emlmrncms ncms Ocnsm Xhe OK:/ lmuaît`okQ Akltk dm rmduoo`ÿl dm sust`tuo`ÿl dm onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm ->:9,: EM@ ml cn prkduoo`ÿl dm antmr`n pr`an Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ onlt`dnd dm rmduoo`ÿl dm sust`tuo`ÿl ml cn d`str`juo`ÿl dm antmr`n pr`an Akltk dm rmduoo`ÿl dm sust`tuo`ÿl dm onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn injr`ono`ÿl dm lmuaît`oks lumvks Akltk dm rmduoo`ÿl dm cn onlt`dnd tktnc dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@

-:>,2 -?=,9 ->2?,9

ml cks lmuaît`oks lumvks

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk

Ymr7 Tnjcn 4->6. Akltk dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn mtnpn emlmrnc dm cn antmr`n  pr`an. Tnjcn 4->>. Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ pkr ul lmuaît`ok ml cn mtnpn dm injr`ono`ÿl. Ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ eckjnc ml cn rmut`c`zno`ÿl dmc prkduotk (rmonuobndk) Vnrn oncoucnr mstm pnrîamtrk sm usn cn s`eu`mltm mouno`ÿl pnrn mlokltrnr cn onlt`dnd dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ (emlmrnc) ml cn rmut`c`zno`ÿl dmc prkduotk (rmonuobndk). Ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ (eckjnc) ml cn rmut`c`zno`ÿl dmc prkduotk (rmonuobndk)

1 (Ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml cn rmut`c`zno`ÿl dmc prkduotk (rmonuobndk)) - (Mimotk dm rmduoo`ÿl dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ amd`nltm cn rmut`c`zno`ÿl dmc prkduotk).

 

9>

4.?.

ONLT@DND DM MA@_@KLM_ DM EM@ ML O@OCK DM Y@DN

Cn Tnjcn 4->5 aumstrn mc tktnc dmc akltk dm ma`s`ÿl dm EM@ ml mc o`ock dm v`dn, okls`dmrnldk mc rmonuobndk y mc mimotk dm rmduoo`ÿl, jnsndk ml lmuaît`oks rmprmsmltnt`vks.

Tnjcn 4->5. Ma`s`ÿl EM@ dm ul lmuaît`ok rmprmsmltnt`vk cumek cumek dmc usk y rmonuobndk  Lmuaît`oks  Lmuaît`o ks emlm emlmrncms rncms

Ocnsm

Xhe OK:/ lmuaît`okQ Injr`ono`ÿl dm antmr`ns pr`ans >:9,:

Mtnpn dm antmr`n pr`an

Mlvák dm antmr`ns pr`ans

:>,2

Mtnpn dm injr`ono`ÿl

Injr`ono`ÿl

?=,9

Mtnpn dm d`str`juo`ÿl Mtnpn dm usk Mtnpn dm i`l dm Onlt`dnd

Mlvák ]sk

>6,4 :.>95,=6

Zmut`c`zno`ÿl dmc prkduotk

46,=9

v`dn y rmo`ocngm

dm ma`s`ÿl

Tktnc, dm onlt`dnd dm ma`s`klms dm EM@ Mtnpn dm i`l dm Mimotk dm v`dn y rmo`ocngm rmduoo`ÿl Zmut`c`zno`ÿl dmc prkduotk Onlt`dnd dm ma`s`klms dm EM@ ml mc o`ock dm v`dn (okls`dmrnldk mc mimotk dm rmduoo`ÿl)

:.46:,69 ->2?,9 :.:>2,49

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk

Cn tnjcn 4->5 aumstrn mc tktnc dm ma`s`klms dm ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk cumek dmc usk okapcmtk dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk.

4.?.>.

Onlt`dnd dm ma ma`s`klms `s`klms ml mc prkomsk dm prkd prkduoo`ÿl uoo`ÿl dm ul lm lmuaît`ok uaît`ok lumvk y ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk Zmnc`znrmaks uln okapnrnt`vn mltrm cks prkomsks dm prkduoo`ÿl dm ondn ulk

dm cks lmuaît`oks, dmgnldk iumrn mc usk dmc lmuaît`ok.

 

9:

Tnjcn 4->2. Okapnrno`ÿl mltrm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk l umvk y ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk    Lmuaît`ok  Lmuaît`ok lumvk

Ocnsm

Xhe

rmonuobndk OK:/ Xhe

OK:/

lmuaît`okQ lmuaît`okQ Injr`ono`ÿl dm antmr`ns pr`ans

>:9,:

:=,95

Mlvák dm antmr`ns pr`ans

:>,2

=,?=

Mtnpn dm injr`ono`ÿl

Injr`ono`ÿl

?=,9

>,?>

Mtnpn dm d`str`juo`ÿl

Mlvák

>6,4

2,:4

>0?,4

46,=5

Mtnpn dm antmr`n pr`an

Tktnc 

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk

Okak aumstrn cn Tnjcn 4->2, cks dntks kjtml`dks aumstrnl ocnrnamltm cn d`imrmlo`n mltrm cn prkduoo`ÿl dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk y mc prkomsk dm rmonuobnr ul lmuaît`ok usndk ml tmans dm ma`s`klms dm d`ÿx`dk dm onrjklk. ]l lmuaît`ok lumvk  prkduomm >0?,4 dm OK :, a`mltrns ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk prkduom skck ul 46,=5 dm  prkduo OK:, mstm ÷ct`ak skck ul :>% tktnc dm cn prkduoo`ÿl dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk. Dnldk n oklkomr qum, ml tàra`lks amd`k naj`mltncms, ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk ms aîs sustmltnjcm qum cn prkduoo`ÿl dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk, ml tàra`lks dm ma`s`klms dm

OK:.

4.4.

@L_TNCNO@ßL DM VNLMCM_ IKTKYKCTN@OK_ ML MAVZM_N @L_NANZ CTDN

Mstm prkymotk ml su pr`amrn mtnpn okltmapcn mc mstud`k prmv`k dm cn okapnrnt`vn mltrm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk y ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk, pnrn mstnjcmomr  pnrîamtrks  pnrîamtr ks dm okstks dm prkduoo`ÿl prkduo o`ÿl y oklsua oklsuaks ks mlmreàt`o mlmreàt`oks, ks, cks ouncms prkduo ml ul dmtmra`lndk pkromltngm dm ma`s`klms dm ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk ml cn ntaksimrn. Ml cn smeuldn mtnpn dmc prkymotk, sm ccmvnrî n onjk cn `lstncno`ÿl dm pnlmcms iktkvkctn`oks ml Maprmsn @lsnanr Ctdn., okl mstn `apcmamltno`ÿl sm juson rmduo`r mc oklsuak mcàotr`ok ml cns dmpmldmlo`ns dm cn `ldustr`n, nsá njnstmomr cn cálmn dm  prkduo o`ÿl okl cn mlmreán prkvml  prkduoo`ÿl prkvml`mltm `mltm dmc skc, y okl mstk rmduo`r cks ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk ml mc prkomsk dm rmonuobndk dm maprmsn @lsnanr Ctdn.

 

9?

Mc mstud`k dm bumccn dm onrjklk ml s`stmans dm pnlmcms iktkvkctn`oks dmjm smr nokrdm n cn Lkran @_K >694 y nc Tbm Ermmlbkusm Ens Vrktkokc (EBE Vrktkokc) krenl`sak pnrn ounlt`i`onr y emst`klnr cns ma`s`klms dm ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk y t`mlm okak kjgmt`vk dmtmra`lnr cn rmpmrous`ÿl ml ounltk ma`s`klms EM@ ma`t`dks pkr onusn d`rmotn k `ld`rmotn n ck cnrek dm tkdn cn ondmln dm vnckr dmc prkduotk, vnckrnldk dm mstm akdk, mc `apnotk rmnc dm sus aÿducks ml mc mltkrlk.

4.=.

VNLMCM_ IKTKYKCTN@OK_

Cks pnlmcms iktkvkctn`oks mstîl oklst`tu`dks pkr luamrksns oàcdns qum oklv`mrtml cn mlmreán skcnr ml mcmotr`o`dnd n pnrt`r dm cn cuz y rnd`no`ÿl qum `lo`dm skjrm cks pnlmcms. Cn mlmreán prkvml`mltm dmc skc ms rmlkvnjcm y sm okls`dmrn uln

mlmreán c`ap`n. Cks antmr`ncms qum okapklml cns omcdns dmc pnlmc pumdml smr s`c`o`k or`stnc`lk k nrsml`urk dm enc`k, dmpmld`mldk dmc usk y onlt`dnd dm oklsuak qum sm rmqu`mrn. Cn okapks`o`ÿl dm ondn omcdn iktkvkctn`on ms iuldnamltnc pnrn mc iulo`klna`mltk y rmld`a`mltk ÿpt`ak dmc pnlmc skcnr. Ondn okapklmltm ouapcm uln iulo`ÿl mspmoái`on dmltrk dm ul pnlmc iktkvkctn`ok. Nceulns okapklmltms sm dmsor`jml dmsor`j ml n oklt`luno`ÿl7

4.=.>.

Aÿduck skcnr Ms mc mlonrendk dm oklvmrt`r cn rnd`no`ÿl skcnr ml mlmreán mcàotr`on n trnvàs dm

sus omcdns iktkvkctn`ons. Mstîl bmobks pr`lo`pncamltm pkr sma`oklduotkrms aklkor`stnc`lks k pkc`or`stnc`lks. _u rnd`no`ÿl y tmapmrnturn vnl d`rmotnamltm rmcno`klndks okl su mltkrlk dm `lstncno`ÿl y mlmreán qum sm dmsmm emlmrnr. 4.=.:.

Zmeucndkr dm onren Mstm okapklmltm okltrkcn dm ikran mi`o`mltm cn mlmreán bno`n cns jntmráns,

 prkcklenldk  prkcklen ldk su v`dn ÷t`c dmc pnlmc iktkvkctn`o iktkvkctn`okk prktme`àl prktme`àldkck dkck nltm uln mvmltun mvmltuncc skjrmonren dmc s`stman.

 

94

4.=.?.

Jntmrán Mcmamltk ncanomlndkr dm cn mlmreán qum icuym n trnvàs dmc s`stman

4.=.4.

@lvmrskr Mstm okapkltm oklv`mrtm cn okrr`mltm oklt`lun y jngk vkctngm prkvml`mltm dm

cns jntmráns ml okrr`mltm nctmrln, dm ikran s`apc`i`ondn sm pumdm dmo`r qum trnlsikran cn okrr`mltm oklt`lun ml uln tkan dm okrr`mltm oklvmlo`klnc. Ondn okapklmltm amlo`klndk, dmaumstrn cn tmolkckeán y d`str`juo`ÿl okl cn qum oumltn mc d`smþk dm ul pnlmc iktkvkctn`ok, cks ouncms bnoml n ul s`stman auct`iulo`klnc ml prkomsk dm emlmrnr mlmreán prkvml`mltm dm iumltms cuaál`ons skcnrms. Mc usk dm ondn ulk dm mstks okapklmltms y cn tmolkckeán dmpmldm auobk dm cn lmoms`dnd qum sm juson snt`sinomr . Cn rnd`no`ÿl ms prkpnendn ml ikran dm kldns mcmotrkanelàt`ons (rnd`no`ÿl ]Y), mstns kldns skl cns mlonrendns dm sua`l`strnr mlmreán n cns omcdns iktkvkctn`ons dm cks pnlmcms. _` cn rnd`no`ÿl trnlspkrtn mlmreán sui`o`mltm okak pnrn prkvkonr `kl`zno`ÿl ml cn omcdn iktkvkctn`on, sm d`om qum ms uln rnd`no`ÿl `kl`znltm. Cn uj`ono`ÿl emkerîi`on dm maprmsn @lsnanr Ctdn., sm mloumltrn ml cn  pmr`imr`n  pmr`imr `n nnctn ctn dm cn oo`udnd `udnd dm Yncpnrnás Yncpnrnásk, k, mmll mc smotkr s motkr dm Vcno`ccn. Cn rnd`no`ÿl r nd`no`ÿl skcnr ml Yncpnrnásk, smotkr pcno`ccn mxprmsndn ml Xw/a :Q, t`mlm uln aîx`an dm :5,4   Xw/a:Q y uln aál`an dm >?,2 Xw/a :Q, mstks dntks skl mstnjcmo`dks sme÷l mc prkamd`k mltrm cns tmapkrndns dm nctn y jngn rnd`no`ÿl, dmpmld`mldk dm cn mstno`ÿl y ams qum sm mloumltrn cn amd`o`ÿl dm rnd`no`ÿl rmnc`zndn. Iumltm7 amtmkrkckeán ob`cm.

4.9.

VNLMCM_ IKTKYKCTN@OK IKTKYKCTN@OK_ _ P _] ZMCNO@ßL OKL MC AMD@K NAJ@MLTM

]l pnlmc iktkvkctn`ok lk prkduom ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk d`rmotnamltm,  pmrk cns ma`s`klm ma`s`klmss vnl nsko`ndns nsko`nd ns n ktrns pnrtms dmc o`ock dm v`dn dm cks pnlmcms pnlmcms,, tncms okak, kr`eml dm antmr`ns pr`ans, mlmreán dm injr`ono`ÿl dm cks pnlmcms y mc trnlspkrtm nc ounc skl skamt`dks. _me÷l mstud`ks ml jnsm n nlîc`s`s dmc oklsuak dm prkduoo`ÿl tktnc dm ul pnlmc iktkvkctn`ok mstîldnr, dn okak rmsuctndk qum cn prkduoo`ÿl dm antmr`ns pr`ans y oàcucns nconlzn ul 52% dmc tktnc dm cn injr`ono`ÿl dm ul pnlmc iktkvkctn`ok, a`mltrns mc

 

9=

oklsuak dm mcmotr`o`dnd ml cn pcnltn dm injr`ono`ÿl nrrkgn ul >?,2%, ktrks oklsuaks ml pcnltn tnl skck mc 2,:% dm prkduoo`ÿl. Cn s`eu`mltm tnjcn aumstrn mc pkromltngm dm ma`s`ÿl ml cn mtnpn dm injr`ono`ÿl dm ul pnlmc iktkvkctn`ok mstîldnr, okak sm kjsmrvn ml cn tnjcn, mc anykr pkromltngm sm ck ccmvn cn mtnpn dm antmr`n pr`an, mstk dmj`dk d mj`dk n cn onc`dnd y d`i`ouctnd dm cks mqu`pks k okapklmltms ut`c`zndks ml cn injr`ono`ÿl dm ul pnlmc iktkvkctn`ok. Ymr tnjcn 4->0.

Tnjcn 4->0. Vkromltngm dm ma`s`ÿl ml prkduoo`ÿl dm ul pnlmc iktkvkctn`ok Mtnpn

Vkromltngm dm ma`s`ÿl ml su prkduoo`ÿl

Antmr`n pr`an

0>%

Trnlspkrtm antmr`n pr`an

2,5%

Antmr`nc nux`c`nr ml cálmn dm injr`ono`ÿl

6,6:%

Trntna`mltk rms`duks

6,::%

Oklsuak `lstncno`klms

6,6=%

Trnlspkrtm rms`duks

6,6>% Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk

Dmltrk dm mstud`ks qum sm bnl rmnc`zndk n l`vmc eckjnc ml s`stmans dm mlmreáns skcnr, cks dntks nconlzndks dmaumstrnl qum cns o`irns dm d`ÿx`dk dm onrjklk skl amlkrms n cns mlmreáns dm okajust`jcms iÿs`cms, okak ck skl mc ens k nc onrjÿl, pkr ck qum s`eum s`mldk uln nctmrlnt`vn aîs c`ap`n qum cns iumltms amlo`klndns nltmr`kramltm. Cn mlmreán skcnr bn s`dk rmoklko`dn okak uln ikran prkspmrn dm mlmreán c`ap`n y sustmltnjcm, pmrk cks usunr`ks dmsoklkoml cn okltna`lno`ÿl y mc dmspmrd`o`k ormndk pkr mc prkomsk dm injr`ono`ÿl dm pnlmcms skcnrms. _` j`ml cks pnlmcms skcnrms rms`dmlo`ncms m `ldustr`ncms t`mlml ul `apnotk aál`ak ml mc usk dm cn t`mrrn, sá rmqu`mrml onlt`dndms okls`dmrnjcms dm mlmreán pnrn prkduo`r. N amludk, mstn mlmreán  prkv`mlmm dm iumltms lk rmlkvnjcms  prkv`ml rmlkvnj cms y dn okak rmsuct rmsuctndk ndk cn okltna`ln okltna`lno`ÿl. o`ÿl. Ndmaîs, mc  prkomsk dm injr`ono injr`ono`ÿl `ÿl `apc`on vnr`ks prkduot prkduotks ks quáa`oks y pr prkduotks kduotks dm dmsmobk qum  pumdml onusnr dnþks n cks trnjngnd trnjngndkrms krms y cns okaul`d okaul`dndms ndms o`rould o`rouldnltms nltms s` lk sm anlmgnl ndmoundnamltm.

 

99

 

95

OKLOC]_@KLM_ P ZMOKAMLDNO@KLM_ ZMOKAMLDNO@KLM_

Ml cn notunc`dnd mc usk dmc lmuaît`ok ms `ld`spmlsnjcm pkr mc ernl usk ml mc trnlspkrtm tmrrmstrm, sme÷l mstud`ks, mc amrondk dm lmuaît`oks ormom nluncamltm ul 9%, nrrkgnldk o`irns qum skl `aprms`klnltms. Mc `apnotk amd`k naj`mltnc qum emlmrn cn prkduoo`ÿl y usk dm ul lmuaît`ok t`mlm 4 nspmotks n okls`dmrnr7  

Cn prkduoo`ÿl y mxtrnoo`ÿl dm antmr`ns pr`ans

 

Cn injr`ono`ÿl dmc lmuaît`ok

   

Mc usk dmc lmuaît`ok Mc lmuaît`ok nc i`lnc dm su v`dn









Cks pultks smþncndks, sme÷l mstud`ks rmnc`zndks ml mstm `likram kjtmlmaks cn s`eu`mltm erîi`on7

Erîi`ok >. Inotkrms dm v`dn dm ul lmuaît lmuaît`ok `ok lumvk ]l`dnd7 X heOK:/ lmuaît`okQ

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk

Cn erîi`on >, aumstrn mc `apnotk amd`k naj`mltnc qum emlmrn ul lmuaît`ok n l`vmc emlmrnc, àstn erîi`on a`dm cns ma`s`klms dm d`ÿx`dk dm onrjklk (OK :) qum emlmrn mc lmuaît`ok, dmstnonldk qum injr`ono`ÿl y rmo`ocndk ma`tml ul prkamd`k p rkamd`k amlkr nc :% dm ma`s`klms dm OK:, a`mltrns cn mxtrnoo`ÿl y prkduoo`ÿl dm antmr`ns pr`ans emlmrnl

 

92

ul 9,:9% dm OK :, mc nspmotk n okls`dmrnr qum aîs rmsnctn ml mc `apnotk naj`mltnc qum  prkduomm uull llmuaît`ok  prkduo muaît`ok,, ms su usk, pums emlmrn ul 0>.52% dm cn ma`s`ÿ ma`s`ÿll tk tktnc tnc dm OK: n rnáz dm cn ernl onlt`dnd dm okajust`jcm d`àsmc qum sm oklsuam n ck cnrek dm su v`dn ÷t`c. Vnrn d`sa`lu`r mc `apnotk naj`mltnc qum emlmrn mc o`ock dm v`dn dm ul lmuaît`ok, mc rmonuobndk npnrmom okak uln nctmrlnt`vn v`njcm pnrn cn pkjcno`ÿl qum usn okak amd`k dm trnspkrtm ul vmbáouck. Mc rmonuobndk ms uln nctmrlnt`vn inot`jcm ml tmans moklÿa`oks pnrn mc oc`mltm, yn qum sm rmduom mc enstk dm okaprnr ul lmuaît`ok lumvk, gultk n mstk sm d`sa`luym okls`dmrnjcmamltm mc `apnotk amd`k naj`mltnc skjrm, emlmrnldk7 

 

Nbkrrk mlmreàt`ok y dm antmr`ncms nsko`ndk n cn injr`ono`ÿl.



 

Nbkrrk dm ma`s`klms dm OK : nsko`ndk n cn injr`ono`ÿl.



 

Nbkrrk moklÿa`ok nsko`ndk nc okstk dm antmr`ncms y mlmreán. Erîi`on :7 Okstks dm prkduoo`ÿl dm s`mtm lmuaît`oks, mc l÷amrk dm vmoms qum

sm mcnjkrn ul lmuaît`ok lumvk y mc l÷amrk dm vmoms qum sm rmonuobn ul lmuaît`ok (okls`dmrnr qum ml mc okstk dm rmonuobndk sm anlt`mlm mc vnckr `l`o`nc dmc lmuaît`ok

lumvk, n mstk sm cm nermen mc vnckr tktnc dmc okstk dm rmonuobndk).

Erîi`ok :. Okstk dm prkduoo`ÿl dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk vs lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk

 

 

90

Ml cn erîi`on :, sm nprmo`n qum mc rmonuobngm dm ul pr`amr lmuaît`ok t`mlm ul okstk dm prkduoo`ÿl anykr, pums okltmapcn mc okstk dmc lmuaît`ok lumvk aîs mc okstk dm rmonuobngm, ml mc onsk dm oklt`lunr rmonuobnldk mc a`sak lmuaît`ok, cn jrmobn dm okstks sm `lv`mrtm mxpklmlo`ncamltm, dm tnc ikran qum, nc ÷ct`ak rmonuobndk, mc okstk dm prkduoo`ÿl ms `locusk amlkr nc =6% dmc okstk dm 5 lmuaît`oks prkduo`dks. Ml mc erîi`ok ? sm mvnc÷nl cks okstks dm vmltn ml mc amrondk dm s`mtm lmuaît`oks, vmrsus cks vnckrms okamro`ncms dm 5 prkomsks dm rmonuobngm. Vnrîamtrks  pkr okls`dmrnr okl s`dmrnr77 (*) Okls`dmrnr qum mc lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk, anlt`mlm oklstnltm su vnckr dm lmuaît`ok lumvk, n mstk sm nermen mc vnckr dm rmonuobndk.

Erîi`ok ?. Okstk dm amrondk dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk vs lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk

Ml cn erîi`on ?, sm kjsmrvn cn ernl jrmobn qum mx`stm ml cks dntks okapnrndks mltrm cks 5 lmuaît`oks dm cn aumstrn, dnldk n oklkomr ck inot`jcm qum ms rmonuobnr ul lmuaît`ok ml tmans moklÿa`oks pnrn mc oc`mltm. Erîi`on 47 Vnrn rmnc`znr mstn okapnrno`ÿl, sm dmjm okls`dmrnr cn vnr`no`ÿl qum mx`stm ml mc dmsenstm `ltmrlk dmc lmuaît`ok. Ounldk sm rmonuobn ul lmuaît`ok, su v`dn ÷t`c lk smrî `eunc nc dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk, pkr ck qum cn v`dn ÷t`c dm ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk mstnrî mltrm ul 5=% y ul >66 % mstk dmpmld`mldk dm cns okld`o`klms dm

 

56

usk dmc lmuaît`ok n trntnr (iumltm7 T`rm Zmanl uinotur`le Nld Mlmrey _nv`les‑,  pujc`ondkk pkr mmcc A@T (An  pujc`ond (Anssnobu ssnobusmtts smtts @ls @lst`tutm t`tutm ki Tmoblkc Tmoblkckey key). ).

Erîi`ok 4. Y`dn ÷t`c ml XhaQ dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk Y_ lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk.

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk

Ml cn erîi`on 4, _m kjsmrvn cn v`dn ÷t`c ml h`cÿamtrks dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk, ml okapnrno`ÿl okl ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk (Cn vnr`njcm dm l÷amrk dm vmoms rmonuobndk sm okapklm pkr mc o`ock dm v`dn dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk aîs ul o`ock dm v`dn dmc a`sak lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk x vmoms ml mc t`mapk). Onjm smþncnr qum mc o`ock dm v`dn dm 4 lmuaît`oks lumvks ms mqu`vncmltm n = o`ocks dm v`dn dm ul lmuaît`o lmuaît`okk lumvk qum bn s`dk rmonuobndk 4 vmoms. Erîi`on =7 Ounlt`i`ono`ÿl dm cns ma`s`klms dm ensms dm mimotk `lvmrlndmrk,  pnrn cn s`eu`mlt s`eu`mltmm erni`on sm dmjm okls`d okls`dmrnr mrnr qum ul lmuaît`ok rmonuobn rmonuobndk dk nrrnstr nrrnstrnn uln v`dn okapcmtn dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk, aîs cn onlt`dnd dm EM@ qum sm emlmrnrî n ck cnrek dm su v`dn ÷t`c, y n amd`dn qum sm vn emlmrnldk anykr l÷amrk dm rmonuobndks ml mc a`sak lmuaît`ok, su bumccn dm onrjklk sm `rî rmduo`mldk ml okapnrno`ÿl n ul lmuaît`ok lumvk, okak sm amlo`klÿ nltmr`kramltm tkdk mstî rmcno`klndk okl mc usk y okld`o`klms dmc lmuaît`ok.

 

5>

Erîi`ok =. Ma`s`klms dm EM@ dm ul lmuaît`ok lumvk Y_ lmuaît`ok rmonuobndk.

Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk

Ml cn erîi`on =, sm kjsmrvn qum ml mc pr`amr o`ock dm v`dn skck sm emlmrnl ma`s`klms dm OK:  pkr ul lmuaît`ok lumvk, okls`dmrnldk qum ml mc prkomsk dm rmonuobngm sm oka`mlzn n ounlt`i`onr mc EM@ n pnrt`r dmc smeuldk o`ock dm v`dn qum okrrmspkldm nc pr`amr rmonuobngm. Vkr ck ounc, dmsdm mc smeuldk o`ock dm v`dn (pr`amr  prkomsk dm rmonuob rmonuobndk), ndk), yn sm oka`mlz oka`mlznn uln rmduoo`ÿl rmduoo`ÿ l dmc >2% dm ma`s`klms dm EM@ ml rmcno`ÿl nc usk dm dks lmuaît`oks lumvks8 trns rmonuobnr ul lmuaît`ok 5 vmoms sm emlmrn uln rmduoo`ÿl ml tkrlk nc ?:% dm ma`s`klms dm EM@.

 

5:

 

5?

J@JC@KEZNIÁN

>. 

Mvncuno`ÿl dm @apnotk NVC Vrmvmlo`ÿl y Ynckr`zno`ÿl dm Lmuaît`oks Iumrn dm ]sk, O@LO, _nlt`nek, D@O@MAJZM:6>?.

:. 

Maprmsn @lsnanr Ctdn. bttp7//www. bttp7//www.`lsnanr.oc/ `lsnanr.oc/ :6>5

?. 

Oîanrn dm cn `ldustr`n dmc lmuaît`ok N.E bttp7//o`lo bttp7//o`lo.oc/ .oc/ :6>5

4. 

T`rm Zmanluinotur`le Nld Mlmrey _nv`les‑, pujc`ondk pkr mc A@T

=. 

Tyrm COOK: Oncoucnt`kl Eu`dmc`lms‑ jy GNTAN njr`c :6>:

9. 

Znd`nc Truoh T`rm Nld Zmtrmnd _mrv`om Anlunc, Ekkdymnr,:66?

5. 

D`nelkst`ok Injr`ono`ÿl, @apkrtno`ÿl y D`str`juo`ÿl dm Lmuaît`oks y anlmgk

(Anssnobusmtts @lst`tutm ki Tmoblkckey) gul`k :6>6

dm lmuaît`oks iumrn dm usk, prmpnrndk pkr OPY amd`k naj`mltm Ctdn. OKLNAN d`o`majrm :662

2. 

Noumrdk dm prkduoo`ÿl c`ap`n, maprmsns dm rmonuobngm dm lmuaît`oks, ob`cmlk d`o`majrm :6>= Lob ??547:6>=

0. 

Mvncuno`ÿl dm @apnotks Moklÿa`oks, Naj`mltncms y _ko`ncms dm cn @apcmamltno`ÿl dm cn Zmspklsnj`c`dnd Mxtmld`dn dmc Vrkduotkr ml Ob`cm‑  

@likram I`lnc, ::.6>.:6>6 (okrrme`dk Njr`c :6>6) >6. 

Tbm sko`k-moklka`o `apnot ki truoh tyrm rmtrmnd`le `l Murkpm, Tbm o`roucnr moklkay ki tyrms `l dnlemr ,Kotkjmr :6>9

>>. 

Bkrn pultn y tnr`in bkrnr`n  bkrnr`n  bttps7//www.ob`cqu`ltn.oc/smoo`kl/>=4/bkrn-pultny-tnr`in-bkrnr`n.btac ,Ob`cqu`ltn Mlmreán, :6>2  :6>2  

>:. 

Okstk

onuobk

lnturnc

y

onuobk

s`ltàt`ok.

3bttps7//www.`o`s.oka/rmskuroms/lmws/:6>6/64/6>/0?459?2/rmokrd-lnturncrujjmr-vncums-tue-nt-syltbmt`o-rujjmr-pr`oms/| :6>6.< :6>6.<

 

54

>?. 

D`rmoo`ÿl dm Mstud`ks y Vkcát`ons V÷jc`ons, Okstk dm nomrk y b`mrrk. bttps7//www.oko bttps7//www.okob`cok.oc/Am b`cok.oc/Amrondk%:6dm%:6Amtncms/A rondk%:6dm%:6Amtncms/Amrondk%:6`ltmrlno`kl mrondk%:6`ltmrlno`kl nc%:6B`mrrk%:6y%:6Nomrk.pdi nc%:6B`mrrk%:6y %:6Nomrk.pdi d`o`majrm :6>9 :6>9  

>4. 

Nlmxk7

Okstk

onuobk

lnturnc

y

onuobk

s`ltàt`ok.

bttps7//www.`o`s.oka/rmskuroms/lmws/:6>:/6?/:5/0=4=?4?/murkpm-lyckl-9anrob-pr`oms-up-6-6=-6->=-he-kl-anre`l-rmokvmry/ :6>:  :6>: 

>=.  >9. 

Okstk dÿcnr. bttp7//vnckrdmcdkcnr.oc/ smanln L¶=6, :6>5. Okstk

rmimrmlo`nc

n

lmuaît`oks.

bttp7//lmuanpmru.oka.pm/nssmts/`anems/ontnckek/jus-ona`kl/pdi/xzm:.pdi :6>5   :6>5

>5. 

Vrkernan dm d`ius`ÿl tmolkcÿe`on prkakvmrî mstîldnr dm onc`dnd dmc rmonuobngm dm lmuaît`oks. 3bttp7//www.opc.oc/Lkt`o`ns/lkt`o`n.pbp;`d10=6 :6>5<

>2. 

Nltmomdmltms pnrn cn mcnjkrno`ÿl dm nlîc`s`s moklÿa`oks dm amtns dm rmokcmoo`ÿl y vnckr`zno`ÿl pnrn cks prkduotks pr`kr`tnr`ks lmuaît`oks, jntmráns y nom`tms cujr`onltms, okltml`dks ml cn cmy :6.0:6, oklsuctkrms naj`mltncms, EM_ONA .:6>2

 

5=

NLMRK_

 

59

 

55

NLMRK N7 YNCKZM_ DM OKL_]AK ML MAVZM_N @L_NANZ CTDN

Iumltm7 @lsnanr Ctdn

 

52

 

50

NLMRK J7 YNCKZM_ DM ANTMZ@NCM_ ]T@C@WNDK_ ML @L_NANZ

 pmsk okstk XheQ

onlt`dnd tktnc

Xhe/lmuant`okQ

$

266,66

=>2,2?

$

4>=.699,95 6,6?

$ :.:09,66 $ 4.660,66

>,=6 >=0,95

$ $

?.444,66 6,:4 946.>6?,95 6,>5

rkdna`mltk

$ :.:99,5=

0.0=6,4: $ :.===.>69,02 >6,5=

Okgál

$ :.442,66

0>5,=>

Vnrobm (]L@DND) Omamltk (tnajkr >49 XheQ) Ekan v`reml Jnldn

Tktnc

dm $ :.:49.65:,94 6,00 >:,>5 Iumltm7 Mcnjkrno`ÿl prkp`n pnrn mc prkymotk, dntks @lsnanr Ctdn.

 

26

 

2>

NLMRK

O7

ZMCNO@ßL

DM

OKLI@E]ZNO@ßL

LM]AÎT@OK ZMVZM_MLTNT@YN

DM

ANTMZ@NC

DM

TJZ (:5=/26Z::,=)  Lmuaît`okss  Lmuaît`ok  Lkajrm dm d m cn an antmr`n tmr`n pr` pr`an an

 Lmuaît`okss emlmr  Lmuaît`ok emlmrncms ncms dm oklsuak

Onuobk lumvk

>66,66

>66,66

Onuobk lnturnc

55,66

52,26

Onuobk s`ltàt`ok

:?,66

:>,:6

Onrjÿl jcnoh

=:,66

45,?6

Nom`tm prkomsndk

:,66

>,26

Tktnc quáa`ok dm onuobk kreîl`ok

>6,66

2,?6

Nemltm okapumstk `lkreîl`ok ßx`dk dm z`lo

0,66 =,66

0,06 4,46

_uciurk

?,66

:,56

_`c`on

>,66

:,26

I`jrn tktnc

6,6

6,46

Onjcm dm nomrk

??,66

?>,=6

Ncnajrm dm oumltns

>>,66

>?,?6

Tktnc

:>5,66

:>:,=6

Vmsk rmnc / lumvn rmcno`ÿl dm pmsk dm onuobk (*)7 Lumvk pmsk dm ekan mstnjcmo`dk ml >66.

:,>5

:,>?

Iumltm7 –Tyrm COOK: Oncoucnt`kl Eu`dmc`lms‑ jy GNTAN  

 

jngk

2:

 

2?

NLMRK D7 OKMI@O@MLTM DM MA@_@ßL DM EM@ ML CN INJZ@ONO@ßL DM ANTMZ@N_ VZ@AN_ VNZN LM]AÎT@OK_

Lkajrm dm cn antmr`n pr`an

Okmi`o`mltm dm ma`s`ÿl EBE XheOK:m/heQ

Onuobk Lumvk Onuobk lnturnc

6,9?0

Onuobk s`ltàt`ok

:,4

Onrjÿl jcnoh

?,:

Nom`tm prkomsndk

>,9>

Tktnc quáa`ok dm onuobk

0,:5

Nemltm okapumstk `lkreîl`ok ßx`dk dm z`lo _uciurk _`c`on

Iumltm

！ 

:,6> 6,66560 :,69

Nccml, V. U., AZVZN (>050) GNTAN ormndk ml jnsm n cn nud`o`ÿl dm cn @ldustr`n dmc Onuobk _`ltàt`ok. Ikrk dm C`im Oyocm Nssmssamlt _ko`mty ki Gnpnl (CON) (:6>>) * Iumltm dm dntks7 Onrjÿl Jcnoh Nssko`nt`kl Injr`ono`ÿl dm A`CON, nom`tm cujr`onltm (`locu`dn cn ernsn) * Ernvmdnd mspmoái`on dm 6,22 Xhe / CQ Anluinoturm ki A`CON, krenl`o rujjmr obma`onc ！ 

Anluinoturm ki A`CON, z`lo kx`dm Anluinoturm ki A`CON, rmokvmrmd suciur (irka orudm rmi`l`le) Anluinoturm ki A`CON, s`c`on emc Ormntmd jy GNTAN jnsmd kl C`imoyocm Nssmssamlt

I`jrn tktnc

9,?5

_ko`mty ki Gnpnl (CON) Ikrua (:6>>)*Dntn skurom7 Gnpnl Obma`onc I`jmrs Nssko`nt`kl

Onjcm dm nomrk

:,49

Anluinoturm ki A`CON, stmmc rkpm (`locud`le bnrd

Ncnajrm dm oumltns

:,49

stmmc strnld w`rms)

 Lktn7 A`CON7 A` CON7 mvncu mvncuno`ÿl no`ÿl dm o`oc o`ockk dm v`dn ddmm `ltmri `ltmrinz nz a÷c a÷ct`pcm8 t`pcm8 ((Nsko`no`ÿl Nsko`no`ÿl dm emst emst`ÿl `ÿl naj`mltnc dm Gnpÿl n pnrt`r dm njr`c dm :6>:) Iumltm7 –Tyrm COOK: Oncoucnt`kl Eu`dmc`lms‑ jy GNTAN  

 

24

 

2=

NLMRK M7 @AVKZTM DM MA@_@KLM_ DM EM@ ML CN INJZ@ONO@ßL DM ANTMZ@N_ VZ@AN_

TJZ  Lkajrm dm d m cn ant antmr`n mr`n pr`a pr`ann

 Lmuaît`okss dm  Lmuaît`okss  Lmuaît`ok  Lmuaît`ok emlmrncms

 jngk oklsuak okl suak

！ 

！ 

>:,5

>:,0

>4,?

>?,6

Onrjÿl jcnoh

4?,>

?2,2

Nom`tm prkomsndk

6,2

6,5

Onuobk lumvk Onuobk lnturnc Onuobk s`ltàt`ok

Tktnc quáa`ok dm onuobk kreîl`ok

:4,6

>0,5

Nemltm okapumstk `lkreîl`ok

-

-

ßx`dk dm z`lo :,9 _uciurk 6,669

:,? 6,66=

_`c`on

6,=

>,=

I`jrn tktnc

6,6

6,5

Onjcm dm nomrk

:>,6

>0,0

Ncnajrm dm oumltns

5,6

2,4

Tktnc

>:9,:

>>5,0

Iumltm7 –Tyrm COOK: Oncoucnt`kl Eu`dmc`lms‑ jy GNTAN  

 

29