Caderno Exercícios

 

GMIA[NL IA ASA[GÊGHLW  

G[HWAW IA   MNWHAIMIA  A`hmna Jmgcmil _shg÷`lem 

 

GLJ MGLNYAGA QJM G[HWA IA MNWHAIMIA<  

 

  Tlgæ astí kaj, dmzanil ujm mthvhimia qum`quar. Ia rapanta, gljl uj kltçl qua è `hemil, vlgæ pmssm jm`. L pahtl gljaåm m ilar, l glrmåçl ihspmrm, l krmål milrjaga, vaj ms tlnturms a sansmåçl ia sudlgmjantl. A m qum`quar jljantl plia iasjmhmr. _mraga qua astí ï kahrm ia uj gl`mpsl.   È ujm pmrmim gmriêmgm< Qjm jlrta sökhtm< Tlgæ vmh ml p`mntçl clsphtm`mr, mp÷s vírhls axmjas, l jèihgl glndhrjm qua nçl è  hndmrtl. Lu ja`clr, ihz qua astí tuil kaj glj sau glrmåçl. Jms sa nçl dlh uj prlk`ajm gmriêmgl, l qua arm antçl< Qjm grhsa ia mnshaimia!

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  A, iaplhs il ihmen÷sthgl, vlgæ sa quasthlnm m tlil hnstmnta sa ls shntljms  armj ramhs lu nçl. A gljaåm m tar jail ia qua a`as plssmj mpmragar nlvmjanta a nçl tarí nhneuèj pmrm mfuií-`l. _lr hngrêva` qua plssm pmragar, assas shntljms grhmils pa`l sau gèrakrl armj ramhs. Tlgæ nçl astmvm hjmehnmnil nmim. Tlgæ axparhanghlu uj phgl ia miranm`hnm  nm sum glrranta smneuênam a glj hssl glrpl dhgm gmnsmil gljl sa thvassa glrrhil ujm jmrmtlnm. Wanta jail  a juhtms iövhims pmssmj nm sum janta ia dlrjm mga`armim. A m prhnghpm`6 l qua dmål melrm, gljl rasl`vl hssl<   Yancl ujm klm nltêghm6 taj trmtmjantl, a plssl ta mfuimr!

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  Nasta gmiarnl vlu ta anshnmr astrmtèehms pmrm ta mfuimr  m `himr glj ms grhsas. _lrèj, nçl suksthtuh l trmtmjantl pshgl`÷ehgl, lnia m gmim sassçl sçl uth`hzmims tègnhgms a astrmtèehms aspagêdhgms pmrm sau gmsl. Jms, taj uj `mil plshthvl  aj tuil hssl. Axmtmjanta! Mtrmvès ims grhsas nm è plssêva` jmhs prltmelnhsjl sum vhim. tar jmhs mutlglncaghjantl, a A ml dhnm` il trmtmjantl vlgæ glnsaeuhrí antaniar l pmpa` iassm grhsa nm sum vhim, l qua a`m vahl ta anshnmr, Yarí dahtl ujm `hnim jatmjlrdlsa a sa tlrnmil sum ja`clr varsçl!   L prhjahrl pmssl, è mpraniar ls 7 thpls ia tègnhgms pmrm andrantmr m grhsa, a m gljkhnmåçl ia`ms vmh emrmnthr l sugassl il sau trmtmjantl6 ➤

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 tègnhgms  glenhthvms

 tègnhgms ia rasphrmåçl  

 tègnhgms ia ra`mxmjantl

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YÈGNHGMW GLENHYHTMW

 

  Yuil gljaåm glj pansmjantls, ls nlssls pansmjantls pliaj nls prlplrghlnmr kaj astmr lu pralgupmåçl  aj axgassl a iasaquh`êkrhl ajlghlnm`. Nlssms ajlåñas a gljplrtmjantls sçl hnd`uanghmils pa`l qua pansmjls, a ms shtumåñas sçl ls emth`cls. Jms nçl è qua l avantl aj sh safm l gmusmilr, jms shj m granåm  qua tajls slkra a`a, hssl è, m dlrjm gljl hntarpratmjls.   Ls pansmjantls m`tarmj tlim m quêjhgm glrplrm`. _lr hssl, hianthdhgmr ls pansmjantls ihsdunghlnmhs è l prhjahrl pmssl m`tarí-`ls. _lhs nçl juimjls l qua nçl vajls.

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 Tmjls gljaåmr, a imr l prhjahrl pmssl pmrm andrantmr ms sums grhsas.   _aeua uj gmiarnl a rasehstra ms rasplstms

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]umhs sçl ls pansmjantls naemthvls qumnil vlgæ astí mnshlsl<

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]umhs sçl ls emth`cls* qua ihspmrmj m mnshaimia<

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]umhs ms sansmåçl glrplrmhs <

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]umhs ms avhiænghms qua assas pansmjantls naemthvls mglntagarçl< ]um` m prlkmkh`himia ils saus jaus tlrnmraj-sa ramhs<

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Wa uj mjhel ta dm`mssa qua taj assas pansmjantls naemthvls, qumhs glnsa`cls vlgæ imrhm< _lrqua< Iasgravm jmhs.. (assas glnsa`cls pliaj sar usmils pmrm sh jasjm)

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à hjplrtmnta qua vlgæ pargakm qua sum janta plssuh ujm pmrta mnshlsm, qua earm assas pansmjantls naemthvls, a iasangmiahmj tlims ms ramåñas dhshl`÷ehgms nl glrpl. à mpanms ujm pmrta. Melrm raprasanta assm pmrta iasancmnil nl aspmål mkmhxl.

Lksarva l iasancl. L qua vlgæ plia dm`mr pmrm assm pmrta im sum janta qua è mnshlsm<

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YÈGNHGMW IA [AW_H[MÅÇL

 

  Axhstaj tègnhgms shjp`as qua pliaj sar uth`hzmims m qum`quar jljantl, a qua hntarrljpaj, ra`mthvmjanta ríphil, l astmil glrplrm` qua m mnshaimia prlvlgm.   A`ms pliaj sar usmims tmntl nl trmtmjantl ia trmnstlrnls ia mnshaimia gljl tmjkèj aj gmrítar pravanthvl ‗ mls prhjahrls shnmhs ia mnshaimia lu ia iasglndlrtl ajlghlnm`.

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[AW_H[MÅÇL IHMD[MEJÍYHGM   M rasphrmåçl taj uj pmpa` hjplrtmntêsshjl nl prlgassl

dhshl`÷ehgl im mnshaimia, ujm vaz qua m chparvanth`måçl (rasphrmåçl ríphim, gurtm a supardhghm`, asth`l ‐gmgclrrhncl‚) taj l pliar ia hntanshdhgmr ls shntljms mnshlsls.

Wanil msshj, m sl`uåçl  è dmzar hnvarsl6 rasphrmr prldunimjanta, iavmemr a, ia pradarænghm, pa`l ihmdrmejm.

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TMJLW _[MYHGM[<   Ml hnsphrmr anvha l mr pmrm m raehçl kmhxm il mkiùjan, mkmhxl ims glsta`ms. Hjmehna qua plssuh uj paquanl km`çl  nastm raehçl, a hntanghlnm`janta angca ia mr a ml axphrmr asvmzha. . Hnsphra pa`l nmrhz a axphra pa`m klgm. Dmåm sèrhas ia =? rasphrmåñas, sajpra glntmnil a ihzanil l nöjarl aj vlz m`tm, Hnhgha l ghg`l rasphrmt÷rhl aj tajpls heumhs (plr axajp`l, 1 saeunils pmrm hnsphrmr a lutrls 1 pmrm axphrmr). Assm rasphrmåçl uth`hzm l jösgu`l ihmdrmejíthgl, a plrtmntl è plssêva` santhr m`euj gmnsmål iurmnta l axargêghl. Nçl sa pralgupa, plhs assa iasglndlrtl iasmpmragarí glj m príthgm. _rmthqua nl jênhjl 7 vazas ml ihm . Tlgæ plia dmzar aj qum`quar jljantl ‗ nl trënshtl, kmncl, raunhçl glj l gcada, plr axajp`l.

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Yègnhgm il 9‗3‗4  

@ajkra-sa, m rasphrmåçl astí tltm`janta `hemim ïs sums ajlåñas  a ïs ramåñas dhshl`÷ehgms. M`èj ihssl, m glntmeaj gljkhnmim glj m rasphrmåçl trmz nlssm mtanåçl pmrm l jljantl prasanta.

Assm tègnhgm lxheanm jmhs l gèrakrl a, glj hssl, vlgæ tarí jmhs ragursls jantmhs. ]umnil vlgæ astí aj grhsa, m rasphrmåçl dhgm gurtm, ls kmthjantls gmriêmgls mga`armj a surea l iasasparl. _lr hssl, sajpra usa assm tègnhgm nl hnhghl ims grhsas.  ✗     

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 9 ’ Hnsphra, puxmnil l mr pa`l nmrhz, a glntmnil mtè 9.  3 ’ Waeura m rasphrmåçl a glntmnil mtè 3.  4 ’ Wl`ta `antmjanta l mr pa`m klgm a glntmnil mtè 4. =7

 

YÈGNHGMW IA [AW_H[MÅÇL

 

  Ms tègnhgms ia ra`mxmjantl taj l lkfathvl ia lktar uj astmil dhshl`÷ehgl mermiíva` ia tansñas raiuzhims, sansmåçl ia trmnquh`himia a kaj-astmr. L [a`mxmjantl Jusgu`mr _rlerasshvl è ujm tègnhgm qua dlgm nl mujantl im pargapåçl glrplrm`  a glnsaquanta mujantl il glntrl`a jusgu`mr. Assm pargapåçl glrplrm` è aspaghm`janta hjplrtmnta pmrm gljkmtar ms grhsas, plhs parjhta qua vlgæ pargakm ls prhjahrls shnmhs ia tansçl, plianil mehr juhtl jmhs rmphimjanta a ia jmnahrm kmstmnta adhghanta nl  gljkmta m

mnshaimia. =1

 

  Assm tègnhgm è dahtm plr jahl im tansçl a ra`mxmjantl  ils erupls jusgu`mras. _lrtmntl, è hjplrtmnta hianthdhgmr qumhs sçl astas astmils jusgu`mras (m tansçl a l ra`mxmjantl) mtrmvès im hniuåçl ils jasjls.   Msshj, vlgæ vmh, prhjahrmjanta, tanshlnmnil ls jösgu`ls, pmrm aj saeuhim, ra`mxmnil. Tlgæ plia axparhjantmr dmzar hssl ‐ia kmhxl pmrm ghjm‚, lu safm, ils pès mtè l tlpl im gmkaåm. Iahtmim lu santmim, ia l`cls dagcmils, Thsum`hza gmim pmrta  ia sau glrpl sapmrmimjanta, a dlqua sum mtanåçl m gmim erupl ia jösgu`ls hnihvhium`janta.

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TMJLW _[MYHGM[<  

=¿ - Asgl`cm l erupl jusgu`mr a glntrmhm plr 1 saeunils, santhnil m tansçl il jösgu`l a mtantmnil glrpl anvl`vhim.

m gmim pmrta il

  - Wl`ta mkruptmjanta m jusgu`mturm a pargakm m sansmåçl ia;¿ra`mxmjantl. [aphtm l prlgassl glj gmim erupl jusgu`mr, ia mjkls ls `mils, sajpra tanshlnmnil prhjahrl a iaplhs sl`tmnil mkruptmjanta.

_rmthqua ujm rasphrmåçl gm`jm a prldunim iurmnta tlil l prlgassl.

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  Melrm vlgæ plssuh ms darrmjantms nagassírhms pmrm vangar ms grhsas ia mnshaimia. M mutl mp`hgmåçl draquanta vmh emrmnthr l sugassl nl mutlglntrl`a.  

]umntl jmhs vlgæ usmr ms tègnhgms, jmhs mujantmrí sau mutlglncaghjantl a glj hssl, astmrí nm ihraåçl im passlm qua iasafm sar.   Whem pmr pmrm m l pr pr÷xhjl ÷xhjl axargêghl mp÷s tar trahnmil ms tègnhgms mntarhlras plr nl jênhjl 7 ihms. ]umntl ja`clr m qum`himia il trahnl glj ms tègnhgms glenhthvms, ia rasphrmåçl  a ra`mxmjantl, ja`clr sarí m glnstruåçl im pr÷xhjm atmpm.

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YL[NMNIL-WA WQM JA@CL[ TA[WÇL

 

  YÈGNHGM QWMNIL L HJMEHNÍ[HL   Wa hjmehna saj ms grhsas ia mnshaimia, a melrm iasgravm mkmhxl gljl vlgæ sarhm6

  A melrm, gljl vlgæ sarhm saj m ms s grhsas a tlrnmnil-sa sum ja`clr varsçl. Hssl è, axp`lrmnil sums pltanghm`himia a tanil ujm vhim p`anm nm ihraåçl ils saus slncls a tlils ls ihms mglrimnil jlthvmim a hnsphrmim.

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Gljl sa santa nasta jljantl, hjmehnmnil assm nlvm varsçl< Iasgravm jmhs…

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]umhs sçl saus vm`lras< L qua è jmhs hjplrtmnta pmrm vlgæ< Axajp`ls6 dmjê`hm, `hkarimia, saeurmnåm, fusthåm, raglncaghjantl, mjhels…..

]umhs sçl ms paquanms måñas ihírhms qua vlgæ plia dmzar pmrm ta mprlxhjmr iassas vm`lras<

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]umhs sçl ls saus smkltmilras jantmhs< ]umhs pansmjantl ta glnvangaj qua vlga nçl è gmpmz a imrí tuil arrmil.

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]umhs gljplrtmjantls ta mdmstmj im passlm qua iasafm sar<

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]umhs sçl ms astrmtèehms pmrm vangar assas smkltmilras< ]umhs gljplrtmjnatls ta mprlxhmjmn im sum ja`flr varsçl<

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Clfa, l qua ta hjpaia ia tar ujm vhim da`hz a sar sum ja`clr varsçl<

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]uaj è rasplnsíva` pa`m sum ja`clr varsçl< _lrqua<

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]umnil vlgæ thvar va`cl(m), nl dhnm` im sum vhim. Ml mnm`hsmr sum vhim, l qua vlgæ quar lreu`cmr-sa< Tlgæ quar glntmr sa thncm ujm jhssçl ia vhim a m daz, qua dlh prltmelnhstm, lu qua dlh vêthjm ils mglntaghjantls a passlms< Asgravm slkra.

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  WHNYM, TAFM, A WAFM... Hjmehna qua nasta axmtl jljantl, vlgæ è sum ja`clr varsçl…. Dagca ls l`cls, hnsphra a axphra `antmjanta. M gmim rasphrmåçl, shntm gljl tlil sau glrpl gljl è sar sum ja`clr varsçl. Hntanshdhqua assm sansmåçl ml jmxhjl.   Aspm`ca assm sansmåçl plr tlil sau glrpl a  glntajp`a assa kaj astmr!   Assa axargêghl iava sar prmthgmil ihmrhmjanta. _lhs è m rapathåçl qua vmh raprlermjmr sum janta.

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_mrmkèns pa`l gljprljathjantl glj sum jatmjlrdlsa!

@ajkra-sa6 smkar nçl kmstm, plhs è l prmthgmr qua trmnsdlrjm!

 

  Tang Tangar ar ms grhsas ia mnshaimia è ujm ermnia lplrtu lpl rtunhimia nhimia ia grasghjantl passlm`. _rmthgmr l mutlglncaghjantl parjhta mjp`hmr m glnsghænghm a kusgmr astrmtèehms pmrm suprh-`ms.   Mtè mquh, vlgæ daz hjplrtmntas mvmnåls  pmrm mpraniar m `himr glj mnshaimia. Jms `ajkra-sa6 cí juhtl trmkm`cl hntarhlr m sar dahtl!   Ls axargêghls iasta gmiarnl sçl mpanms l hnêghl ia ujm `hnim trmnsdlrjmåçl, qua `avmrí vlgæ mtè m sum ja`clr varsçl. Whj, hssl è plssêva`! Nçl è praghsl `himr glj hssl slzhncm.  

Au plssl `ca mfuimr nassm flrnmim!

Ja shem nl hnstm, `í taj vírhls   vêial glj juhtms vírhls ihgms pmrm vlgæ vang angar ar l jlnstrl im mnshaimia.

Wa thvar m`eujm iuvhim, lu ihdhgu`imia ihdhg u`imia ja gcmjm nl w wcmts cmts  

G@H]QA NL HGLNA MKMHSL

G@H]QA NL HGLNA MKMHSL

OJAQ JLNWY[L MNWHAIMIA

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WLK[A MQYL[M   L`í! Jau nlja è A`hmna  Jmgcmil. Wlu pshg÷`lem a hiam`hzmilrm im g`ênhgm Jatmjlrdlsa aj Gmxhms il Wu`- [W

Yhva grhsas  ia pënhgl. Dhz trmtmjantl pshgl`÷ehgl, a msshj glnsaeuh vangar l jlnstrl il pënhgl. ]umnil gljaåah m mtumr gljl pshg÷`lem, santhm-ja m`tmjanta jlthvmim pmrm mtaniar ls pmghantas aj grhsa ia mnshaimia. Gljagah m ja aspaghm`hzmr a kusgmr tègnhgms a astrmtèehms qua trluxassaj rasu`tmils kravas pmrm jaus pmghantas,  fustmjanta  fust mjanta plr antaniar axmtmjanta  gljl a`as astmvmj sa santhnil. _lr jahl ims hntarvanåñas g`ênhgms, l pmghanta glnsaeua andrantmr m grhsa, a, mp÷s plugms sassñas, a`a gljaåm m rasemtmr sum qum`himia ia vhim   Wlu mpmhxlnmim pa`m trmnsdlrjmåçl ims passlms. Dmzar hssl tlil ihm aj jhncm g`ênhgm è l qua ií santhil ï jhncm vhim.

.A`hmna Jmgcmil _shg÷`lem G[_ ?5- ;1;49

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