Cacterización de Residuos Sólidos Urbanos en La Ciudad de Yacuiba Estrategias para Su Reducción

 

 

J@J[DQES@JEÚG KD QDZEKTFZ ZÚBEKFZ TQA@GFZ DG B@ JETK@K KD U@JTEA@ DZ[Q@[DLE@Z ]@Q@ ZT QDKTJJEÚG Jb`urd Z`beg`s N`urejef Adrg`rkf 

@rtîjubf [åjgejf 

Tgevdrsek`k @utúgfn` ‒Cu`g Nes`db Z`r`jof„  H`jubt`k kd Jedgje`s Egtdlr`k`s kdb Lr`g Jo`jf  U`juea` - Afbeve`  adrjb`urdMoftn`eb.jfn  adrjb`urdMoftn`eb.jfn 

Qdsundg B` egvdstel`jeúg tuvf bul`r dg b` jeuk`k kd U`juea`, kdb kdp`rt`ndgtf kd [`rec` - Afbeve`9 p`r` fatdgdr db [îtubf kd Kepbfn`kf dg Ldsteúg  @naedgt`b, `gtd b` T@CNZ. Db facdtevf hud J`r`jtdrez`r b` Ldgdr`jeúg kd Qdsekufs Zúbekfs Tra`gfs dg b` jeuk`k kd U`juea`, p`r` prfpfgdr dstr`tdle`s p`r` su ldsteúg y kespfsejeúg heg`b. ]`r` bflr`r dstd facdtevf, prendrf sd `g`bezú kfjundgt`jeúg rdhdrdgtd ` ldsteúg kd rdsekufs súbekfs ura`gfs, rdves`gkf puabej`jefgds y bdlesb`jeúg Afbeve`g`. Dg sdlugkf bul`r, sd rdves`rfg eghfrnds kdb NN@y@, j`r`jtdrezàgkfsd b` ldgdr`jeúg kd rdsekufs súbekfs dg U`juea`, rdspdjtf `3 `) jfnpfsejeúg ndke` kd rdsekufs súbekfs9 a) `jtevek`kds kd Ldsteúg kd rdsekufs súbekfs ura`gfs dg U`juea`, fasdrvàgkfsd `usdgje` kd sdp`r`jeúg/jb`sehej`jeúg y rdjupdr`jeúg /tr`t`nedgtf kd n`tdre`bds jfgtdgekfs dg bfs rdsekufs súbekfs y j) sd ekdgtehejú db pftdgje`b kd rdsekufs súbekfs `prfvdjo`abds dg U`juea`, kfgkd sd fasdrv` qud kd 8;,8< [N kd rdsekufs súbekfs ldgdr`kfs ke`re`ndgtd dg U`juea`, :4,< [N/kî` sfg Qdsekufs Zúbekfs Frlàgejfs (QZF)9 8,8 [N/kî` pbàstejfs9 ;,1 [N/kî` p`pdb y j`rtúg9 0,81 [N/kî` ndt`b y 0,?? [N/kî` vekref. Heg`bndgtd, sd prfpusedrfg dstr`tdle`s p`r` kesneguer b` ldgdr`jeúg kd rdsekufs súbekfs dg U`juea` ` tr`vås kd3 `) Qdkujjeúg kd ldgdr`jeúg, hfndgt`gkf n`yfr kur`aebek`k kd prfkujtfs, ndke`gtd gfrn`tev`s nugejep`bds qud dst`gk`rejdg pdrefkfs kd l`r`gtî` d Egjdgtevdg vdgt`s `b pfr n`yfr, dvet`r db sfard  ‚  dnp`qudt`kf, jfg ug p`pdb nuy enpfrt`gtd kd FKDJF kdb lfaedrgf nugejep`b a) Qdutebez`jeúg, ndke`gtd prflr`n`s kd dkuj`jeúg y prfnfjeúg

kd hdre`s p`r` egtdrj`naef kd prfkujtfs kd sdlugk` n`gf y j) Qdjejb`cd p`r` rdjupdr`jeúg kd QZF (8,8 [N/kî`) y n`tdre`bds jfnf p`pdb, j`rtúg, pbàstejfs, ndt`bds y vekref jfgtdgekfs dg bfs rdsekufs súbekfs ura`gfs9 sd pudkd jrd`r ug` dnprds` nugejep`b (Next`) kd sdbdjjeúg, rdjupdr`jeúg y tr`t`nedgtf kd n`tdre`bds jfgtdgekfs dg rdsekufs súbekfs. Ldgdr`gkf adgdhejefs p`r` db `naedgtd y sfjedk`k jfnf dnpbdfs p`r` b` pfab`jeúg. 

]`b`ar`s jb`vd3  Qdsekufs Zúbekfs Tra`gfs, Ldgdr`jeúg, Dstr`tdle`s, Qdutebez`jeúg, Qdjejb`cd.

Qdkujjeúg,

0. EG[QFKTJJEÚG  Gudstrf pb`gdt` dstà `tr`vds`gkf ug j`naef lbfa`b dg ju`gtf ` b` b ` tdnpdr`tur`, jfgfjekf jfnf j`bdgt`nedgtf lbfa`b. Afbeve` o` suhrekf dg b`s óbten`s kåj`k`s enp`jtfs jbenàtejfs qud o`g `lr`v`kf b` setu`jeúg kd vubgdr`aebek`k dxestdgtd, k`k` pfr bfs `sdgt`nedgtfs oun`gfs dsj`s`ndgtd pb`gehej`kfs, b` pfardz`, b` egdquek`k y b` nelr`jeúg rur`b9 b` a`c` egvdrseúg dg eghr`dstrujtur` y sdrvejefs, kdlr`k`jeúg kd sudbfs, kdhfrdst`jeúg kd afsquds, jfgt`neg`jeúg y sfarddxpbft`jeúg kd rdjursfs g`tur`bds. (]GTK, 1=00)  B`s prfydjjefgds kd nfkdbfs jbenàtejfs, k`g judgt` qud p`r` db `ðf 1=:=, b` n`yfrî` kd bfs lb`je`rds kd b` Jfrkebbdr` Qd`b afbeve`g` o`aràg kds`p`rdjekf9 db B`lf [etej`j` sd o`arà rdkujekf y kevekekf dg `b ndgfs kfs p`rtds9 b` jrdjedgtd dsj`sdz kd `lu` dg db àrd` ndtrfpfbet`g` kd B` ]`z y Db @btf ndrn`rà su jrdjenedgtf pfab`jefg`b d enpubs`rî` kdb egdst`aebek`k b` prfkujjeúg `lrfpdju`re` `btepb`gf sdsfje`b9 vdrà `hdjt`k` pfr db 00

 

  jben` kdsh`vfr`abd `lukez`gkf b` egsdlurek`k `bendgt`re`9 db pftdgje`b prfkujtevf kd b`s tedrr`s a`c`s sd rdkujerà hudrtdndgtd pfr db egjrdndgtf kd b` vdbfjek`k kdb vedgtf, sdquî`s d egugk`jefgds y b` kdlr`k`jeúg kd sudbfs9 b` fhdrt` prfkujtev` kd bfs v`bbds sd egve`aebez`rà pfr dhdjtfs jbenàtejfs gdl`tevfs9 b`s urads kd b` zfg` fredgt`b sdràg facdtf kd prfhugkfs j`naefs y rdstrejjefgds, prfkujtf kd egugk`jefgds jfgst`gtds y lr`vd jfgt`neg`jeúg. Enpfrt`gtds dxtdgsefgds kdb Adge pfkrî`g jfgvdrtersd dg p`gt`gfs enprfkujtevfs. (Hdrruhegf, 1=0;, p. :5)  Dstd j`bdgt`nedgtf lbfa`b ds fj`sefg`kf pfr kfs pregjep`bds prfabdn`s qud dghrdgt` db ndkef `naedgtd ofy dg kî`, qud sfg3 e) db `lft`nedgtf kd bfs rdjursfs g`tur`bds y ee) jfgt`neg`jeúg (Xdbàsqudz, 1==8), t`b jfnf sd fasdrv` dg b`s helur`s 0 y 1.  Db `lft`nedgtf kd bfs rdjursfs g`tur`bds sd `jdbdr` p`r` s`tesh`jdr bfs rdqudrenedgtfs jfgsunest`s kd b` sfjedk`k `jtu`b. ]drf budlf b udlf kd us`r bfs rdjursfs g`tur`bds p`r` prfkujer aedgds y sdrvejefs, sd kdsdjo`g bfs rdsekufs jfnf dnp`quds y dna`b`cds, kdspdrkejefs, prfkujtfs us`kfs, k`ð`kfs f juy` vek` óteb y` sd o` jfnpbdt`kf.

Helur` 0. ]rfabdn` kd @lft`nedgtf kd Qdjursfs.

Helur` 1. ]rfabdn` kd Jfgt`neg`jeúg

Hudgtd3 db`afr`jeúg prfpe` ` p`rter kd Xdbàsqudz (1==8) 

Zdlóg b` Luî` kd Dkuj`jeúg @naedgt`b dg Ldsteúg Egtdlr`b kd Qdsekufs Zúbekfs (NN@y@, 1=01), db n`gdcf eg`kdju`kf kd bfs rdsekufs súbekfs `kdnàs prfvfj` bfs seluedgtds prfabdn`s `naedgt`bds y kd s`buk3 

  Jfgt`neg`jeúg pfr bfs bexeve`kfs ldgdr`kfs pfr `b b``lu` kdsjfnpfsejeúg kd rdsekufs frlàgejfs9   [`naeåg prfvfj`g b` kdlr`k`jeúg kd bfs sudbfs.    Jfgt`neg`jeúg `tnfshårej` pfr ldgdr`jeúg kd l`sds kd dhdjtf egvdrg`kdrf pfr kdsjfnpfsejeúg kd n`tdre` frlàgej`9   ]`es`cîstej`ndgtd, t`naeåg sd `btdr` db db ndkef `naedgtd, pfr `a`gkfgf, `junub`jeúg y kespdrseúg kd rdsekufs dg db setef kd kespfsejeúg heg`b jfnf dg zfg`s jerjugk`gtds. Db eg`kdju`kf n`gdcf kd bfs rdsekufs súbekfs t`naeåg pudkd freleg`r ug` sdred kd 





dghdrndk`kds qudkerdjt` k`ð`gf egkerdjt` b` s`buk kd bfs b` pfab`jeúg, kd hfrn` pfr sdr rdsekufs db oàaet`t kd `gen`bds, egsdjtfs y nejrffrl`gesnfs ju`gkf dstfs sfg kespudstfs `b `naedgtd seg jfgtrfb (NN@y@, 1=01).  Hudgtd3 db`afr`jeúg prfpe` ` p`rter kd Xdbàsqudz (1==8) 

[fkfs dstfs kdspdrkejefs `btdr`g db dquebearef g`tur`b kdb ndkef `naedgtd kdaekf ` qud su j`p`jek`k kd `seneb`rbfs ds sfardp`s`k` pfr b` j`gtek`k kd rdsekufs ldgdr`kfs. Dstd kdsdquebearef fj`sefg`kf pfr bfs kdspdrkejefs (Qdsekufs súbekfs), sd freleg` pfr b` j`k` vdz n`yfr j`gtek`k kd dstfs rdsekufs. 

B` j`gtek`k kd rdsekufs súbekfs kfnejebe`refs ldgdr`kfs ke`re`ndgtd dg Afbeve` y `blugfs p`îsds kd rdhdrdgje`, jfrrdspfgkd ` bfs v`bfrds kd rdhdrdgje` prdsdgt`kfs pfr Puespd (1=01), qud sd prdsdgt`g ` jfgtegu`jeúg3    Afbeve`3 =,:8